FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Fairgrieve, WT Masada, CL McAuley, WC Peterson, ME Myers, MS Strom, MS AF Fairgrieve, WT Masada, CL McAuley, WC Peterson, ME Myers, MS Strom, MS TI Accumulation and clearance of orally administered erythromycin and its derivative, azithromycin, in juvenile fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE macrolide pharmacokinetics; bacterial kidney disease; juvenile; Chinook salmon ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; CAUSATIVE AGENT; THIOCYANATE; EFFICACY; TROUT AB Fall Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were fed practical diets medicated with azithromycin (30 mg kg(-1) fish for 14 d) or erythromycin (100 mg kg(-1) fish for 28 d) either 1, 2, or 3 times beginning 14 d after initiation of exogenous feeding (February) and ending at smoltification (June). Average tissue concentrations of azithromycin increased from 19.0 mu g g(-1) in fry to 44.9 mu g g(-1) in smolts, and persisted in the tissues > 76 d after treatment ceased. Tissue concentrations of erythromycin were comparatively low, ranging from 0.2 mu g g(-1) in fry to 10.4 mu g g(-1) in smolts. Erythromycin was not detectable 21 d post-treatment. Neither antibiotic caused histopathologically significant lesions in the trunk kidney or other organ tissues. The high tissue concentrations and prolonged retention of azithromycin in Chinook may be factors that increase the efficacy of the antibiotic against Renibacterium salmoninarum, compared with erythromycin, particularly in early life history stages before covertly infected fish show clinical signs of disease. C1 Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA. NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Fairgrieve, WT (reprint author), Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, 205 SE Spokane St,Suite 100, Portland, OR 97202 USA. EM william.fairgrieve@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD APR 18 PY 2005 VL 64 IS 2 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.3354/dao064099 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 939II UT WOS:000230065600002 PM 15918472 ER PT J AU Ban, HY Jacka, M Hanssen, JL Reader, J McClelland, JJ AF Ban, HY Jacka, M Hanssen, JL Reader, J McClelland, JJ TI Laser cooling transitions in atomic erbium SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID STRONTIUM ATOMS; GASES AB We discuss laser cooling opportunities in atomic erbium, identifying five J --> J + 1 transitions from the 4f(12)6s(2) H-3(6) ground state that are accessible to common visible and near-infrared continuous-wave tunable lasers. We present lifetime measurements for the 4f(11)(I-4(o) (15/2)) 5d(5/2)6s(2) (15/2, 5/2)(7)(o) state at 11888 cm(-1) and the 4f(11)(I-4(13/2)o) 5d(3/2)6s(2) (13/ 2, 5/2)(7)o state at 15847 cm(-1), showing values of 20 +/- 4 mu s and 5.6 +/- 1.4 mu s, respectively. We also present a calculated value of 13 +/- 7 s(-1) for the transition rate from the 4f(11)(I-4(o) (15/2)) 5d(3/2)6s(2) (15/2, 3/2)(7) (o) state at 7697 cm(-1) to the ground state, based on scaled Hartree-Fock energy parameters. Laser cooling on these transitions in combination with a strong, fast (5.8 ns) laser cooling transition at 401 nm, suggest new opportunities for narrowband laser cooling of a large-magnetic moment atom, with possible applications in quantum information processing, high-precision atomic clocks, quantum degenerate gases, and deterministic single-atom doping of materials. C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ York, Dept Phys, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. RP Ban, HY (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM jabez.mcclelland@nist.gov RI McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 18 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 8 BP 3185 EP 3195 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.003185 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 918DX UT WOS:000228520800046 PM 19495218 ER PT J AU Donohue, MJ Satterfield, MB Dalluge, JJ Welch, MJ Girard, JE Bunk, DM AF Donohue, MJ Satterfield, MB Dalluge, JJ Welch, MJ Girard, JE Bunk, DM TI Capillary electrophoresis for the investigation of prostate-specitic antigen heterogeneity SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE prostate-specific antigen; isoforms; heterogeneity; capillary electrophoresis ID IN-VITRO STABILITY; GAMMA-SEMINOPROTEIN; MOLECULAR-CLONING; ACID-PHOSPHATASE; SEMINAL PLASMA; SCREENING-TEST; PSA; GLYCOPROTEIN; PROTEIN; SEPARATION AB Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a single-chain glycoprotein that is used as a biomarker for prostate-related diseases. PSA has one known posttranslational modification, a sialylated diantermary N-linked oligosaccharide attached to the asparagine residue N45. In this study capillary electrophoresis (CE) was employed to separate the isoforms of seven commercially available free PSA samples, two of which were specialized: enzymatically active PSA and noncomplexing PSA. The free PSA samples examined migrated as four to nine distinct, highly resolved peaks, indicating the presence of several isoforms differing in their oligosaccharide compositions. Overall, the use of CE provides a rapid, reproducible method for separation of PSA into its individual isoforins. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Cargill Cent Res, Minneapolis, MN 55440 USA. RP Donohue, MJ (reprint author), US EPA, 26 W Martin Luther King Dr,Mail Stop 564, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. EM Donohue.maura@epa.gov NR 39 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 339 IS 2 BP 318 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2005.01.043 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 913YX UT WOS:000228192700016 PM 15797573 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ Jablonski, A Werner, WSM Smekal, W AF Powell, CJ Jablonski, A Werner, WSM Smekal, W TI Characterization of thin films on the nanometer scale by Auger electron spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (vol 239, pg 470, 2005) SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Correction C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. Vienna Tech Univ, Inst Allgemeine Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov RI Smekal, Werner/A-3985-2009 NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 242 IS 3-4 BP 219 EP 219 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2005.01.021 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 909II UT WOS:000227853200001 ER PT J AU Jablonski, A Powell, CJ AF Jablonski, A Powell, CJ TI Monte Carlo simulations of electron transport in solids: applications to electron backscattering from surfaces SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Auger electron spectroscopy; electron-solid interactions; Monte Carlo simulations; copper; gold; silicon ID SCANNING AUGER MICROSCOPY; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; LATERAL RESOLUTION; SPECTROSCOPY; DEPTH; AREA AB We report results of Monte Carlo simulations to investigate the effects of backscattered electrons in scanning Auger microscopy (SAM) on the radial distributions of emitted Auger electrons. We considered the emission of copper M3VV and L3VV Auger electrons from a thin Cu overlayer on a substrate of silicon or g-old for primary electrons with energies of 5 and 10 keV that were normally incident on the sample. The Cu layer was assumed to be sufficiently thin that there were no changes in the angular and energy distributions of primary and backscattered electrons passing through the overlayer. We report values of the information radius, r(a)(p), from which a selected percentage P of the emitted Auger electron intensity originates. Values of found here range from 119 angstrom (Cu L3M45M45 Auger transition, Eo = 5 keV, Au substrate, P = 80) to 6757 angstrom (Cu M3VV Auger transition, E-0 = 10 keV Si substrate, P = 95). For the same substrate, primary energy, and chosen value of P, values of r(a)(P) are larger for Auger electrons from the Cu M3VV Auger transition than for the Cu L3M45M45 Auger transition. In addition, values of r(a)(p) increase with primary energy and are larger for the Si substrate than the Au substrate. The values of r(a)(p) are generally much larger than the radius of the primary beam (assumed to be 50 angstrom here) on account of inner-shell ionizations by backscattered electrons. We also report values of the mean escape radius, < r >, that range from 82.5 angstrom (Cu L3M45M45 Auger transition, E-0 = 5 keV, Au substrate) to 1169 angstrom (Cu M3VV Auger transition, E-0 = 10 keV. Si substrate). Knowledge of r(a)(p) and < r > is important in the analysis of fine features in SAM because appreciable Auger signal can be collected from the nearby region as well as from the feature of interest. Finally, we report Monte Carlo simulations of Auger line scans across the edge of a thin Cu overlayer on a Si or Au substrate. The shapes of the line scans depended only weakly on the Cu Auger transition, although the differences were more pronounced for the Si than the An substrate. On account of backscattered electrons, the lateral distance corresponding to signal variations of 25% and 75% of the maximum intensity in a line scan varied from 53.6 angstrom (Cu L3M45M45 transition, E-0 = 5 keV, Si substrate) to 75.1 angstrom (Cu M3VV transition, E-0 = 10 keV, Au substrate). (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jablonski, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. EM jablo@ichf.edu.pl NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 242 IS 3-4 BP 220 EP 235 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2004.08.017 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 909II UT WOS:000227853200002 ER PT J AU Fogh, RH Boucher, W Vranken, WF Pajon, A Stevens, TJ Bhat, TN Westbrook, J Ionides, JMC Laue, ED AF Fogh, RH Boucher, W Vranken, WF Pajon, A Stevens, TJ Bhat, TN Westbrook, J Ionides, JMC Laue, ED TI A framework for scientific data modeling and automated software development SO BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID ASSIGNMENT; RESTRAINTS AB Motivation: The lack of standards for storage and exchange of data is a serious hindrance for the large-scale data deposition, data mining and program interoperability that is becoming increasingly important in bioinformatics. The problem lies not only in defining and maintaining the standards, but also in convincing scientists and application programmers with a wide variety of backgrounds and interests to adhere to them. Results: We present a UML-based programming framework for the modeling of data and the automated production of software to manipulate that data. Our approach allows one to make an abstract description of the structure of the data used in a particular scientific field and then use it to generate fully functional computer code for data access and input/output routines for data storage, together with accompanying documentation. This code can be generated simultaneously for different programming languages from a single model, together with, for example for format descriptions and I/O libraries XML and various relational databases. The framework is entirely general and could be applied in any subject area. We have used this approach to generate a data exchange standard for structural biology and analysis software for macromolecular NMR spectroscopy. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England. European Bioinformat Inst, EMBL, MSD Grp, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. NIST, Biotechnol Div 831, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Laue, ED (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, 80 Tennis Court Rd, Cambridge CB2 1GA, England. EM ccpn@mole.bio.cam.ac.uk RI Vranken, Wim/J-5051-2016; OI Vranken, Wim/0000-0001-7470-4324; Laue, Ernest/0000-0002-7476-4148; Pajon, Anne/0000-0002-0269-3440 FU Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [BB/C512110/1, BB/C512145/1] NR 9 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1367-4803 J9 BIOINFORMATICS JI Bioinformatics PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1678 EP 1684 DI 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti234 PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Computer Science; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 916QX UT WOS:000228401800056 PM 15613391 ER PT J AU Pagowski, M Grell, GA McKeen, SA Devenyi, D Wilczak, JM Bouchet, V Gong, W McHenry, J Peckham, S McQueen, J Moffet, R Tang, Y AF Pagowski, M Grell, GA McKeen, SA Devenyi, D Wilczak, JM Bouchet, V Gong, W McHenry, J Peckham, S McQueen, J Moffet, R Tang, Y TI A simple method to improve ensemble-based ozone forecasts SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Forecasts from seven air quality models and ozone data collected over the eastern USA and southern Canada during July and August 2004 are used in creating a simple method to improve ensemble-based forecasts of maximum daily 1-hr and 8-hr averaged ozone concentrations. The method minimizes least-square error of ensemble forecasts by assigning weights for its members. The real-time ozone (O-3) forecasts from this ensemble of models are statistically evaluated against the ozone observations collected for the AIRNow database comprising more than 350 stations. Application of this method is shown to significantly improve overall statistics ( e. g., bias, root mean square error, and index of agreement) of the weighted ensemble compared to the averaged ensemble or any individual ensemble member. If a sufficient number of observations is available, we recommend that weights be calculated daily; if not, a longer training phase will still provide a positive benefit. C1 Univ Colorado, NOAA, Res Forecast Syst LAb, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Res Aeron Lab, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ M3H 5T4, Canada. Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. N Carolina State Univ, Baron Adv Meteorol Syst, Raleigh, NC 27709 USA. NOAA, NCEP, Natl Weather Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NOAA, Res Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pagowski, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Res Forecast Syst LAb, CIRES, 325 Broadway FSL-DS1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mariusz.pagowski@noaa.gov RI pagowski, mariusz/H-4498-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015 OI pagowski, mariusz/0000-0002-7703-0529; grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742 NR 8 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 AR L07814 DI 10.1029/2004GL022305 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 917QR UT WOS:000228480100005 ER PT J AU Seo, KH Xue, Y AF Seo, KH Xue, Y TI MJO-related oceanic kelvin waves and the ENSO cycle: A study with the NCEP global ocean data assimilation system SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO; PREDICTION AB The surface wind anomalies associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) appear to play a critical role during the onset and termination phases of ENSO. The characteristics of the MJO-related oceanic Kelvin waves have not been systematically studied due to a lack of ocean reanalysis that resolves intraseasonal variability. This study uses the operational ocean reanalysis for the period 1982 2003 produced by the state-of-art global ocean data assimilation system at NCEP to explore the relationship between SST anomalies of ENSO and MJO-related oceanic Kelvin waves. The first four extended empirical orthogonal functions of the depth of 20 degrees C isotherm are used to represent the dominant oceanic Kelvin waves. The wave activity is measured by seasonal variance of oceanic Kelvin waves (SVKW) at 130 degrees W. SVKW peaks are associated with the onset stage of warm ENSO events since they occur during the transition period and tend to produce positive tendency in NINO3.4 and heat content, and lead mature phases by 5 - 11 months. MJO-related oceanic Kelvin wave activity is also shown to impact the growth and termination of warm events. The consistent relationships do not occur in cold events. A real time monitoring tool using SVKW index is proposed to support the official ENSO forecast at NCEP. C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, RSIS,Climat Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Seo, KH (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, RSIS,Climat Predict Ctr, Room 806,WWB,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM kyong-hwan.seo@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 AR L07712 DI 10.1029/2005GL022511 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 917QR UT WOS:000228480100006 ER PT J AU Larson, J Zhou, YP Higgins, RW AF Larson, J Zhou, YP Higgins, RW TI Characteristics of landfalling tropical cyclones in the United States and Mexico: Climatology and interannual variability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID TO-MONTH VARIABILITY; HURRICANE ACTIVITY; EL-NINO; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; ANNULAR MODES; OSCILLATION; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURE; RAINFALL; INTENSE AB The climatology and interannual variability of landfalling tropical cyclones and their impacts on precipitation in the continental United States and Mexico are examined. The analysis is based on National Hurricane Center 6-hourly tropical cyclone track data for the Atlantic and eastern Pacific basins and gridded daily U.S. precipitation data for the period August-October 1950-98. Geographic maps of total tropical cyclone strike days, and the mean and maximum percentage of precipitation due to tropical cyclones, are examined by month. To make the procedures objective, it is assumed that precipitation is symmetric about the storm's center. While this introduces some incertainty in the analysis, sensitivity tests show that this assumption is reasonable for precipitation within 5&DEG; of the circulation center. The relationship between landfalling tropical cyclones and two leading patterns of interannual climate variability-El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Arctic Oscillation (AO)-are then examined. Relationships between tropical cyclone frequency and intensity and composites of 200-hPa geopotential height and wind shear anomalies are also examined as a function of ENSO phase and AO phase using classifications devised at the Climate Prediction Center. The data show that tropical cyclone activity in the Atlantic basin is modulated on both seasonal and intraseasonal time scales by the AO and ENSO and that impact of the two modes of climate variability is greater together than apart. This suggests that, during La Nina conditions. atmospheric circulation is more conducive to activity in the main development region during AO-positive conditions than during AO-negative ones and that, during El Nino conditions, atmospheric circulation appears even less conducive to tropical cyclone development during the negative phase of the AO than during the positive phase. C1 NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Anal Branch, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Higgins, RW (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Anal Branch, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM wayne.higgins@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 8 BP 1247 EP 1262 DI 10.1175/JCLI3317.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 924JM UT WOS:000228975100009 ER PT J AU Wright, S Pellegrino, J Amy, G Ranville, JL AF Wright, S Pellegrino, J Amy, G Ranville, JL TI Towards development of a surrogate aqueous mixture for studying flux decline characteristics of membranes and membrane processes SO JOURNAL OF MEMBRANE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE characterization; colloids; flux decline; whey proteins; silica sol; ultrafiltration ID COLLOIDS; WATER AB A synthetic mixture of solutes (colloids, macromolecules, small organic molecules, and salts) was evaluated to facilitate consistent bench and small pilot-scale studies of membrane flux decline. In this paper, we present physical, chemical, and filtration resistance properties of inexpensive, commercial, off-the-shelf components -colloidal silica and dried whey protein in pH-buffered aqueous electrolyte solution - that we used to investigate membrane flux decline with ultrafiltration membranes. We also include some comparisons of their properties with those reported in the literature for natural waters. Our data shows that these synthetic components have many comparable physical and chemical properties as the constituents of natural waters. These results suggest that a well-characterized "surrogate" mixture for natural waters can be used for ongoing studies of membrane and membrane process performance and remove ambiguities that can result from seasonal, geographical, and storage-related variations in natural waters. Thus, the use of a surrogate mixture facilitates equitable comparisons among materials, equipment, and processes which would assure better-informed engineering decisions. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA, APO, AP USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Pellegrino, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM john.pellegrino@colorado.edu RI Ranville, James/H-1428-2011; OI PELLEGRINO, JOHN/0000-0001-7749-5003 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0376-7388 J9 J MEMBRANE SCI JI J. Membr. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 252 IS 1-2 BP 205 EP 214 DI 10.1016/j.memsci.2004.12.010 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 922PS UT WOS:000228850700020 ER PT J AU Wahlstrand, JK Merlin, R Li, XQ Cundiff, ST Martinez, OE AF Wahlstrand, JK Merlin, R Li, XQ Cundiff, ST Martinez, OE TI Impulsive stimulated Raman scattering: comparison between phase-sensitive and spectrally filtered techniques SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-PULSES; PHONONS AB Impulsive stimulated Raman scattering is used to generate and control coherent phonons and other low-frequency modes. In transparent materials, pump-probe experiments are usually performed by spectrally resolving the probe beam and measuring the spectral shift as a function of pump-probe time delay. By measuring the optical phase of the probe pulse as a function of time delay, we find that the phonon signal can be increased by a factor proportional to (Omega delta)(-1), where Omega is the phonon frequency and delta is the pulse duration. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Buenos Aires, Dept Fis, RA-1428 Buenos Aires, DF, Argentina. RP Wahlstrand, JK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM wahlstrj@umich.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Merlin, Roberto/0000-0002-5584-0248 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 8 BP 926 EP 928 DI 10.1364/OL.30.000926 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 914NY UT WOS:000228235800039 PM 15865401 ER PT J AU Kim, K Washburn, BR Wilpers, G Oates, CW Hollberg, L Newbury, NR Diddams, SA Nicholson, JW Yan, ME AF Kim, K Washburn, BR Wilpers, G Oates, CW Hollberg, L Newbury, NR Diddams, SA Nicholson, JW Yan, ME TI Stabilized frequency comb with a self-referenced femtosecond Cr : forsterite laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENVELOPE-OFFSET FREQUENCY; FIBER-LASER; MICROSTRUCTURE FIBER; ALL-FIBER; PHASE; GENERATION; SUPERCONTINUUM; CONTINUUM; METROLOGY; SYSTEM AB A frequency comb is generated with a Cr:forsterite femtosecond laser, spectrally broadened through a highly nonlinear optical fiber to span from 1.0 to 2.2 mu m, and stabilized using the f-to-2f self-referencing technique. The repetition rate and the carrier-envelope offset frequency are stabilized to a hydrogen maser, calibrated by a cesium atomic fountain clock. Simultaneous frequency measurement of a 657-nm cw laser by use of the stabilized frequency combs from this Cr:forsterite system and a Ti:sapphire laser agree at the 10(-13) level. The frequency noise of the comb components is observed at 1064, 1314, and 1550 nm by comparing the measured beat frequencies between cw lasers and the supercontinuum frequency combs. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OFS Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Kim, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kskim@boulder.nist.gov RI Washburn, Brian/A-1308-2013; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; OI Washburn, Brian/0000-0002-4418-2139 NR 16 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 8 BP 932 EP 934 DI 10.1364/OL.30.000932 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 914NY UT WOS:000228235800041 PM 15865403 ER PT J AU Della Torre, E Bennett, LH Watson, RE AF Della Torre, E Bennett, LH Watson, RE TI Extension of the bloch T-3/2 law to magnetic nanostructures: Bose-Einstein condensation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report a newly observed phenomenon, namely, the observation of a visible anomaly in the Bloch T-3/2 law for the temperature dependence of magnetization of nanostructured ferromagnets, for which we give a thermodynamic explanation. Our interpretation extends the Bloch law by introducing the system's chemical potential and assumes a finite Bose-Einstein condensation temperature T-BE of the magnons. Our extension involves accounting for the possibility of a magnon or magnetic entropy term, leading to a magnon chemical potential (hitherto omitted in the traditional derivation) which varies with temperature. The result is a subtle upturn of the magnetization curves of ferromagnetic nanoparticles in the 10 to 50 K temperature range. Here we show experimental data for nanomaterials and an outline of the extended theory which includes T-BE. C1 George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Della Torre, E (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 9 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 14 AR 147210 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.147210 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 916MU UT WOS:000228390600057 PM 15904108 ER PT J AU Mendelssohn, R Bograd, SJ Schwing, FB Palacios, DM AF Mendelssohn, R Bograd, SJ Schwing, FB Palacios, DM TI Teaching old indices new tricks: A state-space analysis of El Nino related climate indices SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; PACIFIC; ENSO AB State-space models were applied to several climate indices associated with the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), including the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and its component sea level pressure series; the NINO3 sea surface temperature index; and the Northern Oscillation Index (NOI). The best models for each series include a significant long-term nonparametric trend combined with a stochastic stationary cyclic term that clearly delineates the El Nino and La Nina events. There is no evidence that the frequency of ENSO events has changed over the 20th century. The long-term trend, however, has contributed to an apparent increase in the magnitude of recent El Nino events. This trend, potentially related to global warming, has increased the level of each series by an amount equal to 30-50% of the amplitude of their corresponding annual cycle or cyclic ENSO term. Thus, the background sea surface temperature in the eastern equatorial Pacific is more than 0.5 degrees C warmer now than prior to 1950, implying a greater overall impact of El Nino events. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Mendelssohn, R (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM roy.mendelssohn@noaa.gov RI Palacios, Daniel/B-9180-2008 OI Palacios, Daniel/0000-0001-7069-7913 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 AR L07709 DI 10.1029/2005GL022350 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 917QO UT WOS:000228479700003 ER PT J AU McElhanon, JR Zifer, T Kline, SR Wheeler, DR Loy, DA Jamison, GM Long, TM Rahimian, K Simmons, BA AF McElhanon, JR Zifer, T Kline, SR Wheeler, DR Loy, DA Jamison, GM Long, TM Rahimian, K Simmons, BA TI Thermally cleavable surfactants based on furan-maleimide Diels-Alder adducts SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID AMPHIPHILES; DERIVATIVES; 1,3-DIENE; POLYMERS; TENSION; ESTERS; RING AB Two new surfactant molecules are reported that contain thermally labile Diels-Alder adducts connecting the hydrophilic and hydrophobic sections of each molecule. The two surfactants possess identical hydrophobic dodecyl tail segments but have phenol and carboxylic acid hydrophilic headgroups, respectively. Deprotonation with potassium hydroxide affords the formation of water-soluble surfactants. Room temperature aqueous solutions of both surfactants exhibit classical surface-active agent behavior similar to common analagous alkylaryl surfactant molecules. Critical micelle concentrations have been determined for each surfactant through dynamic surface tension and dye solubilization techniques. Small-angle neutron scattering measurements of the aqueous surfactant solutions indicate the presence of spherical micelles with radii of 16.5 angstrom for the carboxylate and 18.8 angstrom for the phenolate. When these surfactants are exposed to elevated temperatures (> 50 degrees C), the retro Diels-Alder reaction occurs, yielding hydrophilic and hydrophobic fragments. Aqueous solutions of each surfactant subsequently exhibit a loss of all surface-active behavior and the micellar aggregates are no longer detectable. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem Mat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Micrototal Analyt Syst Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Polymers & Coatings Grp, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Sandia Natl Labs, Chem Synth & Nanomat Dept, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. RP Simmons, BA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Dept Chem Mat, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM basimmo@sandia.gov RI Loy, Douglas/D-4847-2009; OI Loy, Douglas/0000-0001-7635-9958; Simmons, Blake/0000-0002-1332-1810 NR 41 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 8 BP 3259 EP 3266 DI 10.1021/la047074z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 914HP UT WOS:000228218700012 PM 15807562 ER PT J AU Cygan, ZT Cabral, JT Beers, KL Amis, EJ AF Cygan, ZT Cabral, JT Beers, KL Amis, EJ TI Microfluidic platform for the generation of organic-phase microreactors SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID THIOL-ENE PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; MICROCHANNEL EMULSIFICATION; DROPLET FORMATION; INTERFACIAL-TENSION; SYSTEMS; DEVICES; POLY(DIMETHYLSILOXANE); FABRICATION; MECHANISM; NETWORKS AB Rapid prototyping photolithography of a thiolene-based resin was used to fabricate microfluidic devices stable to aliphatic and aromatic organic solvents. The swelling of the cross-linked polymer matrix in various organic solvents was quantified, and the solvent resistance properties of these microfluidic devices are described. Discrete droplets of hexanes and toluene of uniform size were generated in microfluidic devices inside a water matrix containing SDS surfactant (SDS = sodium dodecyl sulfate). Variation of water and organic flow rates in the fluidic channels was used to control droplet size and separation. Droplet composition could be controlled by varying flow rates of two joined organic streams. Organic-phase synthetic reactions within the droplets were demonstrated with the bromination of alkenes inside benzene droplets. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beers, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM beers@nist.gov RI Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015 OI Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X NR 47 TC 128 Z9 132 U1 8 U2 67 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 12 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 8 BP 3629 EP 3634 DI 10.1021/la0471137 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 914HP UT WOS:000228218700062 PM 15807612 ER PT J AU Sayan, S Nguyen, NV Ehrstein, J Emge, T Garfunkel, E Croft, M Zhao, XY Vanderbilt, D Levin, I Gusev, EP Kim, H McIntyre, PJ AF Sayan, S Nguyen, NV Ehrstein, J Emge, T Garfunkel, E Croft, M Zhao, XY Vanderbilt, D Levin, I Gusev, EP Kim, H McIntyre, PJ TI Structural, electronic, and dielectric properties of ultrathin zirconia films on silicon SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THERMAL-STABILITY; HFO2 FILMS; THIN-FILMS; OXIDES AB As high-permittivity dielectrics approach use in metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor production, an atomic level understanding of their dielectric properties and the capacitance of structures made from them is being rigorously pursued. We and others have shown that crystal structure of ZrO2 films have considerable effects on permittivity as well as band gap. The as-deposited films reported here appear amorphous below a critical thickness (&SIM; 5.4 nm) and transform to a predominantly tetragonal phase upon annealing. At much higher thickness the stable monoclinic phase will be favored. These phase changes may have a significant effect on channel mobility. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Semicond Res & Dev Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Sayan, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; OI Vanderbilt, David/0000-0002-2465-9091 NR 22 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 15 AR 152902 DI 10.1063/1.1864235 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 923HS UT WOS:000228901600076 ER PT J AU Collins, JA Shull, JM Giroux, ML AF Collins, JA Shull, JM Giroux, ML TI Highly ionized high-velocity clouds: Hot intergalactic medium or galactic halo? SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Galaxy : halo; ISM : abundances; ISM : clouds; quasars : absorption lines ID ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER; LY-ALPHA FOREST; ABSORPTION-LINE SYSTEMS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; X-RAY FOREST; COMPLEX-C; LOCAL GROUP; MILKY-WAY; LOW-REDSHIFT; INTERSTELLAR ABSORPTION AB We use spectroscopic data from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer ( FUSE) to study the wide range of ionization states of the "highly ionized high-velocity clouds'' (HVCs). Studied extensively in O vi absorption, these clouds are usually assumed to be infalling gas in the Galactic halo at distances less than 50 kpc. An alternative model attributes the O vi ( and O VII X-ray absorption) to cosmological structures of low-density, shock-heated intergalactic gas, distributed over 1 - 3 Mpc surrounding the Milky Way. The latter interpretation is unlikely, owing to the enormous required mass of gas (4 x 10(12) M(.)). Our detection, in 9 of 12 sight lines, of low-ionization stages ( C II /III /IV; Si II/III/IV) at similar high velocities as O vi requires gas densities far above that (n(H) approximate to 5 x 10(-6) cm(-3)) associated with the warm-hot intergalactic medium ( WHIM). These HVCs are probably cooling, multiphase gas in the Galactic halo, bow shocks, and interfaces between clouds falling through a hot, rotating gaseous halo. The velocity segregation of these HVCs in Galactic coordinates is consistent with a pattern in which infalling clouds reflect the sense of Galactic rotation, with peculiar velocities superposed. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geol, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Collins, JA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Campus Box 389, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jcollins@casa.colorado.edu; mshull@casa.colorado.edu; giroux@polar.etsu.edu NR 65 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 10 PY 2005 VL 623 IS 1 BP 196 EP 212 DI 10.1086/428566 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 914AV UT WOS:000228197700019 ER PT J AU Smith, J Torricelli, G Marchi, F Budau, P Comin, F Chevrier, J AF Smith, J Torricelli, G Marchi, F Budau, P Comin, F Chevrier, J TI Oxidation and adhesion on the quasicrystalline AlPdMn surface studied by nanolithography SO SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; adhesion; oxidation; surface chemical reaction ID SCANNING TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; SINGLE-GRAIN; COATINGS; SILICON; ALLOYS; TIP; FRICTION AB We present the novel application of a relatively new technique (nanolithography) to the study of quasicrystalline surface oxidation. The 5-fold surface of an AlPdMn alloy was oxidized using a metallized AFM tip. The electrochemical nature of this process was confirmed by investigating the influence of humidity and polarity of the applied voltage on the quasicrystalline oxide. Oxides of different thickness and adhesive properties were created by altering the applied voltage and the humidity during the lithographic process. The technique can be used in an exhaustive study of properties of the various types of oxides that form on the AlPdMn surface and the preliminary results of one such study are reported. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CNRS, LEPES, F-38042 Grenoble, France. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. Univ Grenoble 1, Grenoble, France. Univ Bucharest, Fac Phys, Bucharest, Romania. RP Smith, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jrobert44@hotmail.com RI Chevrier, Joel/D-3280-2012; OI Chevrier, Joel/0000-0001-5609-6863 NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-6028 J9 SURF SCI JI Surf. Sci. PD APR 10 PY 2005 VL 580 IS 1-3 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.1016/j.susc.2005.01.052 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 918LU UT WOS:000228544100003 ER PT J AU Chiang, MYM Song, R Crosby, AJ Karim, A Chiang, CK Amis, EJ AF Chiang, MYM Song, R Crosby, AJ Karim, A Chiang, CK Amis, EJ TI Combinatorial approach to the edge delamination test for thin film reliability - adaptability and variability SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE combinatorial methods; thin film reliability; adhesion; surface energy; contact angle ID MONOLAYERS; SILICON AB We have demonstrated the adaptability and variability of a newly developed combinatorial edge delamination test. This was accomplished through studying the effect of substrate surface energy on the adhesion of thin films. In this combinatorial approach, a library (a single specimen) was fabricated with a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) film on a silicon substrate. The film has thickness gradient in one direction and the substrate has an orthogonal surface energy gradient. The thickness gradient was produced with a flow coating technique, and the surface energy gradient was controlled by partial oxidation of an alkylsilane layer on a silicon wafer. Applying a constant temperature to the specimen, interfacial debonding events were observed and a distribution of failure was constructed. Our results demonstrate the proposed combinatorial methodology for rapidly and efficiently evaluating the adhesion of general film/substrate systems as a function of many controllable parameters. In addition, this methodology can be used to predict the reliability distributions of the adhesion for practical parameters. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD APR 8 PY 2005 VL 476 IS 2 BP 379 EP 385 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.10.028 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 905PO UT WOS:000227581600026 ER PT J AU Bricelj, VM Connell, L Konoki, K MacQuarrie, SP Scheuer, T Catterall, WA Trainer, VL AF Bricelj, VM Connell, L Konoki, K MacQuarrie, SP Scheuer, T Catterall, WA Trainer, VL TI Sodium channel mutation leading to saxitoxin resistance in clams increases risk of PSP SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS; TETRODOTOXIN; INSENSITIVITY; ADAPTATION; MECHANISMS; BINDING; TOXINS; REGION; GENE AB Bivalve molluscs, the primary vectors of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in humans, show marked inter-species variation in their capacity to accumulate PSP toxins (PSTs)(1) which has a neural basis(2,3). PSTs cause human fatalities by blocking sodium conductance in nerve fibres(4,5). Here we identify a molecular basis for inter-population variation in PSP resistance within a species, consistent with genetic adaptation to PSTs. Softshell clams (Mya arenaria) from areas exposed to 'red tides' are more resistant to PSTs, as demonstrated by whole-nerve assays, and accumulate toxins at greater rates than sensitive clams from unexposed areas. PSTs lead to selective mortality of sensitive clams. Resistance is caused by natural mutation of a single amino acid residue, which causes a 1,000-fold decrease in affinity at the saxitoxin-binding site in the sodium channel pore of resistant, but not sensitive, clams. Thus PSTs might act as potent natural selection agents, leading to greater toxin resistance in clam populations and increased risk of PSP in humans. Furthermore, global expansion of PSP to previously unaffected coastal areas(6) might result in long-term changes to communities and ecosystems. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Marine Biosci, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada. Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Pharmacol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Bricelj, VM (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Marine Biosci, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada. EM monica.bricelj@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca RI Konoki, Keiichi/O-9600-2014 NR 27 TC 149 Z9 161 U1 3 U2 61 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 7 PY 2005 VL 434 IS 7034 BP 763 EP 767 DI 10.1038/nature03415 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 913NU UT WOS:000228160700041 PM 15815630 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC Bullister, JL Gruber, N AF Johnson, GC Bullister, JL Gruber, N TI Labrador Sea Water property variations in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE; TRANSPORT; OXYGEN AB Labrador Sea Water (LSW) property variations are analyzed using data from four hydrographic sections occupied along 20 degrees W, from Iceland south toward the equator in 1988, 1993, 1998, and 2003. LSW between the Azores-Biscay Rise and the Rockall Plateau steadily becomes deeper, colder, fresher, denser, and thicker over the 15-year time series. LSW apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) remains unchanged during this time period. The changes analyzed are consistent with previously published spreading rates of 8 years for LSW from the Labrador Sea to 20 degrees W, and emphasize the long reach of decadal LSW variability. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 6 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 AR L07602 DI 10.1029/2005GL022404 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 916HO UT WOS:000228376200004 ER PT J AU Free, M Seidel, DJ AF Free, M Seidel, DJ TI Causes of differing temperature trends in radiosonde upper air data sets SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; TEMPORAL HOMOGENIZATION; UNCERTAINTIES; SENSITIVITY; REANALYSIS; ATMOSPHERE; NETWORK; ERRORS; CARDS AB Differences between trends in different radiosonde temperature products resulting from the varying choices made by the developers of the data sets create obstacles for use of those products in climate change detection and attribution. To clarify the causes of these differences, one must examine results using a common subset of locations to minimize spatial sampling effects. When this is done for the Lanzante-Klein-Seidel (LKS) and Hadley Center (HadRT) radiosonde data sets, differences are reduced by at least one third. Differing homogeneity adjustment methods and differences in the source data are both important factors contributing to the remaining discrepancies. In contrast, subsampling the microwave sounding unit (MSU) satellite data sets according to the radiosonde coverage does not generally bring the trends in the satellite data closer to those in the radiosonde data so that adjustments and other processing differences appear to be the predominant sources of satellite-radiosonde discrepancies. Experiments in which we subsample globally complete data sets provide additional insight into the role of sampling errors. In the troposphere, spatial sampling errors are frequently comparable to the trends for 1979 1997, while in the stratosphere the errors are generally small relative to the trends. Sampling effects estimated from National Centers for Environmental Prediction reanalysis and MSU satellite data for seven actual radiosonde networks show little consistent relation between sampling error and network size. These results may have significant implications for the design of future climate monitoring networks. However, estimates of sampling effects using the reanalysis and the satellite data sets differ noticeably from each other and from effects estimated from actual radiosonde data, suggesting that these globally complete data sets may not fully reproduce actual sampling effects. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Free, M (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM melissa.free@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 6 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D7 AR D07101 DI 10.1029/2004JD005481 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 916IH UT WOS:000228378100006 ER PT J AU Kim, SW Jefferson, A Yoon, SC Dutton, EG Ogren, JA Valero, FPJ Kim, J Holben, BN AF Kim, SW Jefferson, A Yoon, SC Dutton, EG Ogren, JA Valero, FPJ Kim, J Holben, BN TI Comparisons of aerosol optical depth and surface shortwave irradiance and their effect on the aerosol surface radiative forcing estimation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; INDIAN-OCEAN EXPERIMENT; ACE-ASIA; SUN PHOTOMETERS; EARTHS SURFACE; NETWORK; AERONET; INSTRUMENTATION; SUNPHOTOMETER; MODELS AB Column aerosol optical depth (AOD) and surface shortwave irradiance (SSI) measurements relevant to computation of the aerosol surface radiative forcing (DF) and forcing efficiency (beta) were taken as part of Aerosol Characterization Experiment-Asia (ACE-Asia) at the Gosan surface site in Korea in April 2001. We compare the AOD and SSI derived from three different types of Sun photometers and three sets of radiometers. We also estimate the Delta F and beta b using two methods and quantify the observational uncertainties of these parameters. A comparison of the AOD at 500 nm shows that the three Sun photometers generally agreed within 0.014 (mean), 0.0142 (bias), and 0.0298 (root mean square) for coincident observations. Over the course of the comparison, the mean differences between the SSI measurements were 1.6, 11.7, and 10.1 Wm(-2) for direct, diffuse and global irradiances, respectively. However, for both the AOD and the SSI comparisons, relatively high instantaneous differences between the instruments were apparent on days with heavy dust at the surface. The mean beta and associated deviations, which were estimated by the combinations of different instrument-derived AODs and SSIs, for simultaneous observation data at a 60 degrees solar zenith angle are -79.50 +/- 3.92 and -82.57 +/- 5.70 Wm(-2)/tau(500) for global(shaded) (sum of direct and diffuse irradiances) and global(unshaded) (measured by the unshaded pyranometer) irradiances, respectively. The uncertainties in beta associated with uncertainties in the AOD and SSI ( in parentheses) for globalshaded and globalunshaded irradiance are about 8.6% and 3.2% (10.7%), respectively. A 2% difference between the measured global irradiances for a given 9 days was translated into an uncertainty of 19% in Delta F. This difference in Delta F between instruments caused a 14% deviation in beta. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Studies, Seoul 151742, South Korea. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Korea Meteorol Adm, Meteorol Res Inst, Seoul, South Korea. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kim, SW (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Studies, 56-520 San 56-1, Seoul 151742, South Korea. EM anne.jefferson@noaa.gov RI Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015 OI Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 6 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D7 AR D07204 DI 10.1029/2004JD004989 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 916IH UT WOS:000228378100001 ER PT J AU Li, GF Martinez, C Semancik, S AF Li, GF Martinez, C Semancik, S TI Controlled electrophoretic patterning of polyaniline from a colloidal suspension SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONDUCTING POLYMERS; SOLUBLE POLYANILINE; BLEND FILMS; DISPERSIONS; NANOFIBERS; POLYMERIZATION; ACID; ELECTRONICS; FABRICATION; TECHNOLOGY AB We present a method for controlled deposition of polyaniline from colloidal suspensions. Stable suspensions of polyaniline colloids (similar to 115 nm in diameter) were formed by dispersing polyaniline/formic acid solution into acetonitrile. It was demonstrated that the positively charged polyaniline colloids can be electrophoretically deposited onto various substrate materials such as platinum and ITO, forming continuous ultrathin films. We examined the film morphology, as well as the effects of process parameters, such as deposition time, colloid concentration, and applied voltage, on the deposition efficiency. Furthermore, the efficacy of the technique was illustrated by electrophoretically patterning polyaniline thin films onto selected individual micrometer-scale sensing elements within a microfabricated sensor array, and by further demonstrating its sensitivity to gaseous analytes including water and methanol. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guofeng.li@nist.gov; steves@nist.gov NR 44 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 13 BP 4903 EP 4909 DI 10.1021/ja0441763 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 912OR UT WOS:000228089300058 PM 15796555 ER PT J AU Lin-Gibson, S Jones, RL Washburn, NR Horkay, F AF Lin-Gibson, S Jones, RL Washburn, NR Horkay, F TI Structure-property relationships of photopolymerizable poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate hydrogels SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; FUMARATE) HYDROGELS; CARTILAGE; NETWORKS; GELS AB Photopolymerized hydrogels from poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDM) and similar derivatives have been extensively used as scaffolds for tissue regeneration and other biological applications. A systematic investigation into the structure and mechanical properties of PEGDM hydrogels was performed to characterize the relationships between the network structure and gel properties. Gels were prepared from oligomers of different molecular masses (1000-8000 g/mol) at various concentrations. Small-angle neutron scattering was used to characterize the structural features of hydrogels with respect to their semidilute solution precursors. A well-defined structural length scale manifested as a maximum in the scattering intensity was observed for hydrogels derived from high molecular mass PEGDMs and/or high oligomer mass fractions. Mechanical testing showed that PEGDM hydrogels are mechanically robust, consistent with gel structures that contain reinforcing cross-linked clusters. Shear moduli were determined for hydrogels swollen to various degrees in water. The concentration dependence of shear modulus for these nonideal hydrogels exhibits a power law behavior with an exponent close to (1)/(3). C1 NICHD, Sect Tissue Biophys & Biomimet, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov NR 17 TC 71 Z9 71 U1 2 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD APR 5 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 7 BP 2897 EP 2902 DI 10.1021/ma0487002 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 912HG UT WOS:000228067600049 ER PT J AU Morales, MA Nygaard, N Williams, JE Clark, CW AF Morales, MA Nygaard, N Williams, JE Clark, CW TI Ultracold fermion cooling cycle using heteronuclear Feshbach resonances SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; GAS; ATOMS; MOLECULES; COLLAPSE; SOLITON; STATE AB We consider an ideal gas of Bose and Fermi atoms in a harmonic trap, with a Feshbach resonance in the interspecies atomic scattering that can lead to the formation of fermionic molecules. We map out the phase diagram for this three-component mixture in chemical and thermal equilibrium. Considering adiabatic association and dissociation of the molecules, we identify a possible cooling cycle, which in ideal circumstances can yield an exponential increase of the phase-space density. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Clark, CW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nicolai.nygaard@nist.gov RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Nygaard, Nicolai/B-4664-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; NR 41 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD APR 4 PY 2005 VL 7 AR 87 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/087 PG 11 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 918JJ UT WOS:000228537800001 ER PT J AU Woodhouse, CA Kunkel, KE Easterling, DR Cook, ER AF Woodhouse, CA Kunkel, KE Easterling, DR Cook, ER TI The twentieth-century pluvial in the western United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DROUGHT AB Persistent, widespread wet conditions in the western United States in the early twentieth century have been noted in a number of studies. Here, we investigate the character of this pluvial, which covered a roughly 9-state region and lasted about 13 years. Paleoclimatic data used to evaluate the period in a long-term context indicate that the twentieth-century pluvial is an extremely rare event, as previous studies have suggested, even when assessed in the context of a 1186-year reconstruction of regional drought. An analysis of twentieth-century climate data, characterizing precipitation seasonality, intensity, and frequency, shows that the pluvial was primarily a result of winter season, heavy to moderately heavy precipitation events, during a handful of extremely wet winters. Temperatures were also anomalously cool. The combination of duration, intensity, and spatial extent make this an unusual event, not only in twentieth century, but in the past 12 centuries. C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. RP Woodhouse, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM connie.woodhouse@noaa.gov RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015 OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047 NR 7 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 2 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 AR L07701 DI 10.1029/2005GL022413 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 916DJ UT WOS:000228365300005 ER PT J AU Boettinger, WJ McFadden, GB Coriell, SR Sekerka, RF Warren, JA AF Boettinger, WJ McFadden, GB Coriell, SR Sekerka, RF Warren, JA TI Lateral deformation of diffusion couples SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE bulk diffusion; elastic behavior; plastic deformation; vacancies; theory and modeling ID INTERDIFFUSION; STRESS; SOLIDS AB A model is used to describe the shape change of a binary diffusion couple when the diffusivities of the two species differ. The classical uniaxial Kirkendall shift is obtained only if the displacement is constrained to be in the diffusion direction. For traction-free conditions at the external surfaces of a diffusion couple, a more general displacement field is obtained that accounts for the lateral shape change data of Voigt and Ruth [Journal of Physics-Condensed Matter 7 (1995) 2655-2666]. The model employs an isotropic stress-free strain rate and equal and constant partial molar volumes. In this case the displacement field is shown to be independent of the various elastic/plastic moduli. Depending on the lateral dimension of the diffusion couple, the displacement in the diffusion direction can be reduced by up to a factor of three compared to the case of a pure uniaxial displacement. (c) 2005 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Math & Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Boettinger, WJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.boettinger@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008; Warren, James/B-1698-2008 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103; Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206 NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 7 BP 1995 EP 2008 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2005.01.011 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 914PJ UT WOS:000228239600013 ER PT J AU Feng, SC Stouffer, KA Jurrens, KK AF Feng, SC Stouffer, KA Jurrens, KK TI Manufacturing planning and predictive process model integration using software agents SO ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design CY MAY 26-JUN 28, 2004 CL Xiamen, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Xiamen Univ, Xiamen Comp Federat, IEEE, CIMS, China Comp Federat, Zhongshan Univ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Fuzhou Univ DE intelligent agents; manufacturing planning; machine control; multi-agent system; systems integration AB Intelligent agents provide a means to integrate various manufacturing software applications. The agents are typically executed in a computer-based collaborative environment, refer-red to as a multi-agent system. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a prototype multi-agent system supporting the integration of manufacturing planning, predictive machining models, and manufacturing control. The agents within this platform have access to a knowledge base, a manufacturing resource database, a numerical control programming system, a mathematical equation solving system, and a computer-aided design system. Intelligence has been implemented within the agents in rules that are used for process planning, service selection, and job execution. The primary purposes for developing such a platform are to support the integration of predictive models, process planning, and shop floor machining activities and to demonstrate an integration framework to enable the use of machining process knowledge with higher-level manufacturing applications. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Feng, SC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shaw.feng@nist.gov; keith.stouffer@nist.gov; kevin.jurrens@nist.gov NR 16 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1474-0346 J9 ADV ENG INFORM JI Adv. Eng. Inform. PD APR PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 135 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.aei.2005.05.010 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 965OX UT WOS:000231961100007 ER PT J AU Thompson, RQ Phinney, KW Sander, LC Welch, MJ AF Thompson, RQ Phinney, KW Sander, LC Welch, MJ TI Reversed-phase liquid chromatography and argentation chromatography of the minor capsaicinoids SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE capsaicinoids; chili pepper; reversed-phase liquid chromatography; argentation chromatography; silver ID SILVER ION CHROMATOGRAPHY; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; STATIONARY PHASES; OLEORESIN CAPSICUM; FATTY-ACIDS; DIHYDROCAPSAICIN; SEPARATION; PEPPERS; QUANTIFICATION; NONIVAMIDE AB An investigation of the liquid chromatography of the minor capsaicinoids in a commercial capsaicinoid mixture is reported. Twelve stationary phases including C-8, C-18, C-30, phenyl, and cation-exchange chemistries were examined in combination with isocratic aqueous methanol and aqueous acetonitrile mobile phases. A phenyl stationary phase and aqueous acetonitrile mobile phase baseline-resolved 7 of 11 capsaicinoids, and selected ion chromatograms (LC-ESI-MS) demonstrated this was the most effective reversed-phase separation. Argentation chromatography with an alkyl or phenyl column and aqueous silver nitrate-methanol mobile phase revealed the presence of the 6-ene-8-methyl and 6-ene-9-methyl homocapsaicin isomers and the absence of 7-ene-9-methyl homocapsaicin. A mixed phenyl-cation-exchange stationary phase (charged with silver ion) enabled unique and useful separations of the capsaicinoids. C1 Oberlin Coll, Dept Chem, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thompson, RQ (reprint author), Oberlin Coll, Dept Chem, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. NR 38 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2005 VL 381 IS 7 BP 1432 EP 1440 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-3098-3 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 915DP UT WOS:000228278200017 PM 15803310 ER PT J AU Thompson, RQ Phinney, KW Welch, MJ White, VE AF Thompson, RQ Phinney, KW Welch, MJ White, VE TI Quantitative determination of capsaicinoids by liquid chromatography-electrospray mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE capsaicinoids; chili pepper; LC-MS; mass spectrometry; electrospray ionization; atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization ID IDENTIFICATION; IONIZATION; DIHYDROCAPSAICIN; CAPSICUM; PEPPER; SPRAY; QUANTIFICATION; HYDROCARBONS; NONIVAMIDE; SEPARATION AB Eight naturally occurring capsaicinoids have been determined in Capsicum by use of high-purity standards, with norcapsaicin as an internal standard. The solid standards were rigorously checked for purity. The sensitivity of electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and coordination ion-spray (CIS; with silver) toward the capsaicinoids were measured and compared. The highest sensitivity was found for positive-ion ESI. Method validation of the liquid chromatography-ESI-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) determination is reported, including tests for repeatability (4%), detection limit (5 pg injected), linear range (20-6 ng injected), quantitation (excellent linearity; < 2% relative standard deviation), and recovery (99-103%). The major and minor capsaicinoids in a commercial plant extract and in chili pepper fruits were quantified. C1 Oberlin Coll, Dept Chem, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thompson, RQ (reprint author), Oberlin Coll, Dept Chem, 119 Woodland St, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. EM robert.q.thompson@oberlin.edu NR 24 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD APR PY 2005 VL 381 IS 7 BP 1441 EP 1451 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-3102-y PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 915DP UT WOS:000228278200018 PM 15803309 ER PT J AU Stafford, KM Moore, SE Fox, CG AF Stafford, KM Moore, SE Fox, CG TI Diel variation in blue whale calls recorded in the eastern tropical Pacific SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; HUMPBACK WHALES; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; AFRICAN ELEPHANTS; FORAGING ECOLOGY; DIVING BEHAVIOR; BALEEN WHALES; FIN WHALES AB Blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus, in northeast Pacific waters often produce a two-part call. The first part, A, is amplitude-modulated, lasting about 17 s, and the second part, B, is frequency-modulated, lasting about 19 s. Type B calls are more easily detected in recordings and are often the signal tracked in long-term monitoring. Automatic detection methods applied to data from a hydrophone moored at 8 degrees N, 95 degrees W in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) from 15 May 1996 to 15 May 1997 showed seasonal variability in call detection. Calls were detected most often from February to June. Blue whales are believed to use the ETP region as a wintering ground but probably also feed there. Blue whales forage primarily on krill that undertake diel vertical migrations from several hundred metres depth during the day to near the surface at night. We tested the null hypothesis that blue whale calling behaviour does not show significant diel variation in order to determine whether variability in calling could provide an indication as to the behavioural function of B calls. The hourly rate of B calls showed a strong diel pattern. There were significantly more calls during dark and twilight periods than during light periods (P < 0.001). These diel patterns in call production correlate well with previously established diel patterns in prey distribution, with the highest calling rates occurring when prey have been reported to be closest to the surface. (c) 2004 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR USA. RP Stafford, KM (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kate.stafford@noaa.gov NR 78 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD APR PY 2005 VL 69 BP 951 EP 958 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2004.06.025 PN 4 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 918AY UT WOS:000228511900022 ER PT J AU Choquette, SJ Duewer, DL Hanssen, LM Early, EA AF Choquette, SJ Duewer, DL Hanssen, LM Early, EA TI Standard reference material 2036 near-infrared reflection wavelength standard SO APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE SRM 2036; standard reference material; wave-length standard; wavelength calibration; reflectance spectroscopy; near-infrared; diffuse reflectance; optical filters ID GLASS REFERENCE MATERIALS; PUTATIVE STANDARD; SPECTROMETRY; CALIBRATION AB Standard Reference Material 2036 (SRM 2036) is a certified transfer standard intended for the verification and calibration of the wavelength/wavenumber scale of near-infrared (NIR) spectrometers operating in diffuse or trans-reflectance mode. SRM 2036 Near-Infrared Wavelength/Wavenumber Reflection Standard is a combination of a rare earth oxide glass of a composition similar to that of SRM 2035 Near-Infrared Transmission Wavelength/wavenumber Standard and SRM 2065 Ultraviolet-Visible-Near-Infrared Transmission Wavelength/Wavenumber Standard, but is in physical contact with a piece of sintered poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE). The combination of glass contacted with a nearly ideal diffusely reflecting backing provides reflection-absorption bands that range from 15 % R to 40 % R. SRM 2036 is certified for the 10 % band fraction air wavelength centroid location, B-10%, of seven bands spanning the spectral region from 975 nm to 1946 nm. It is also certified for the vacuum waventimber B-10% of the same seven bands in the spectral region from 10 300 cm(-1) to 5130 cm(-1) at 8 cm(-1) resolution. Informational values are provided for the locations of thirteen additional bands from 334 nm to 804 nm. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choquette, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM choquette@nist.gov RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SOC APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY PI FREDERICK PA 201B BROADWAY ST, FREDERICK, MD 21701 USA SN 0003-7028 J9 APPL SPECTROSC JI Appl. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 59 IS 4 BP 496 EP 504 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Spectroscopy GA 914NP UT WOS:000228234900013 PM 15901335 ER PT J AU Persily, A Gorfain, J Brunner, G AF Persily, A Gorfain, J Brunner, G TI Ventilation design and performance in US office buildings SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. RP Persily, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD APR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 4 BP 30 EP 35 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 914NT UT WOS:000228235300004 ER PT J AU Blackwell-Whitehead, RJ Pickering, JC Pearse, O Nave, G AF Blackwell-Whitehead, RJ Pickering, JC Pearse, O Nave, G TI Hyperfine structure measurements of neutral manganese with Fourier transform spectroscopy SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL SUPPLEMENT SERIES LA English DT Article DE atomic data; line : profiles; methods : laboratory ID VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; CONFIGURATIONS; MN-55; MNI; SPECTRA; LINES AB We report experimental hyperfine structure constants of levels in the neutral manganese atom, measured using Fourier transform spectroscopy of hollow cathode discharges. In total, 208 spectral lines of astrophysical interest have been analyzed to obtain hyperfine structure constants for 106 levels in Mn I, of which 67 have no previous hyperfine structure measurements. The uncertainties in the magnetic dipole constants, A, are between 1 x 10(-4) and 5 x 10(-4) cm(-1). Hyperfine structure constants for an additional 18 levels compiled from the literature are also given. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Blackwell-Whitehead, RJ (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. EM r.blackwell@imperial.ac.uk; j.pickering@imperial.ac.uk; owen.pearse@imperial.ac.uk; gillian.nave@nist.gov NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 5 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0067-0049 J9 ASTROPHYS J SUPPL S JI Astrophys. J. Suppl. Ser. PD APR PY 2005 VL 157 IS 2 BP 402 EP 409 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 907TG UT WOS:000227740300011 ER PT J AU Gillies, JA Etyemezian, V Kuhns, H Nikolic, D Gillette, DA AF Gillies, JA Etyemezian, V Kuhns, H Nikolic, D Gillette, DA TI Effect of vehicle characteristics on unpaved road dust emissions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Symposium on Transport and Air Pollution CY JUN 16-18, 2003 CL Avignon, FRANCE DE fugitive dust; PM10; unpaved road dust emissions; emission factors AB This paper presents PM10 fugitive dust emission factors for a range of vehicles types and examines the influence of vehicle and wake characteristics on the strength of emissions from an unpaved road. Vertical profile measurements of mass concentration of the passing plumes were carried out using a series of 3 instrumented towers. PM10 emission fluxes at each tower were calculated from knowledge of the vertical mass concentration profile, the ambient wind speed and direction, and the time the plume took to pass the towers. The emission factors showed a strong linear dependence on speed and vehicle weight. Emission factors (EF = grams of PM10 emitted per vehicle kilometer traveled) ranged from approximately EF = 0.8 x (km h(-1)) for a light (&SIM; 1200 kg) passenger car to EF = 48 x (km h(-1)) for large military vehicles (&SIM; 18000 kg). In comparison to emission estimates derived using US EPA AP-42 methods the measured emission factors indicate larger than estimated contributions for speeds generally > 10-20 km h(-1) and for vehicle weights > 3000 kg. The size of a wake created by a vehicle was observed to be dependent on the size of the vehicle, increasing roughly linearly with vehicle height. Injection height of the dust plume is least important to long-range transport of PM10 under unstable conditions and most important under stable atmospheric conditions. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Appl Modeling Res Branch, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Gillies, JA (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jackg@dri.edu RI Kuhns, Hampden/C-3563-2008 NR 11 TC 56 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 13 BP 2341 EP 2347 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.05.064 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 927DY UT WOS:000229173800002 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK Simon, CG AF Xu, HHK Simon, CG TI Fast setting calcium phosphate-chitosan scaffold: mechanical properties and biocompatibility SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE calcium phosphate scaffold; hydroxyapatite; chitosan; strength; bone tissue engineering; biocompatibility ID HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; IN-VITRO; POROUS HYDROXYAPATITE; BONE SUBSTITUTE; VIVO; REINFORCEMENT; OSTEOCONDUCTION; IMPLANTS; DIFFERENTIATION; RECONSTRUCTION AB Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) sets in situ to form hydroxyapatite and is highly promising for a wide range of clinical applications. However, its low strength limits its use to only non-stress applications, and its lack of macroporosity hinders cell infiltration, bone ingrowth and implant fixation. The aim of this study was to develop strong and macroporous CPC scaffolds by incorporating chitosan and water-soluble mannitol, and,to examine the biocompatibility of the new graft with an osteoblast cell line and an enzymatic assay. Two-way ANOVA identified significant effects on mechanical properties from chitosan reinforcement and powder:liquid ratio (p <0.001). The flexural strength of CPC-chitosan composite at a powder:liquid ratio of 2 was (13.6 +/- 1.2) MPa, which was significantly higher than (3.2 +/- 0.6) MPa for CPC control without chitosan (Tukey's at 0.95). At a powder:liquid ratio of 3.5, CPC-chitosan had a strength of (25.3 +/- 2.9) MPa, which was significantly higher than (10.4 +/- 1.7) MPa for CPC control. The scaffolds possessed total pore volume fractions ranging from 42.0% to 80.0%, and macroporosity up to 65.5%. At total porosities of 52.2-75.2%, the scaffold had strength and elastic modulus values similar to those of sintered porous hydroxyapatite and cancellous bone. Osteoblast mouse cells (MC3T3-EI) were able to adhere, spread and proliferate on CPC-chitosan specimens. The cells, which ranged from about 20 to 50 mum including the cytoplasmic extensions, infiltrated into the 165-271 mum macropores of the scaffold. In summary, substantial reinforcement and macroporosity were imparted to a moldable, fast-setting, biocompatible, and resorbable hydroxyapatite graft. The highly porous scaffold may facilitate bone ingrowth and implant fixation in vivo. In addition, the two to three times increase in strength may help extend the use of CPC to larger repairs in moderately stress-bearing locations. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hockin.xu@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE12476]; ODCDC CDC HHS [CD14190] NR 57 TC 154 Z9 172 U1 3 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD APR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1337 EP 1348 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.04.043 PG 12 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 880AG UT WOS:000225760100002 PM 15482821 ER PT J AU Gilbert, TW Stolz, DB Biancaniello, F Simmons-Byrd, A Badylak, SF AF Gilbert, TW Stolz, DB Biancaniello, F Simmons-Byrd, A Badylak, SF TI Production and characterization of ECM powder: implications for tissue engineering applications SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE extracellular matrix; urinary bladder matrix; powder; particle size analysis; scanning electron microscopy; tissue engineering ID SMALL-INTESTINAL SUBMUCOSA; EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; DOG-MODEL; REPAIR; REGENERATION; COMPOSITE; COLLAGEN; GRAFT AB Two methods to produce a particulate form of extracellular matrix (ECM) from porcine urinary bladder were investigated. One method to produce the powder involved snap freezing a lyophilized form of the material and then pulverizing it in a grinding mill. The second method was similar except that the ECM was saturated in a solution of NaCl prior to snap freezing to precipitate salt crystals within the matrix before grinding. Several methods were utilized to analyze the particle size distribution and ultrastructure including sonic sifting, laser diffraction, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The salt precipitation method yielded a more uniform distribution of particles with a smaller mean diameter (158 vs. 191 mum). SEM showed that the particles produced by grinding without salt precipitation were irregularly shaped, sheet-like particles. ECM particles produced by the salt precipitation method were round and porous in appearance with many particles in the range of I pm which tended to agglomerate with the larger particles and with each other. We conclude that the production of a comminuted form of ECM is possible and that the uniformity of particle size and shape are dependent upon the manufacturing methodology. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Surg, McGowan Inst Regenerat Med, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Biol Imaging, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. ACell Inc, W Lafayette, IN USA. RP Badylak, SF (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Surg, McGowan Inst Regenerat Med, 100 Technol Dr,Suite 200, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. EM badylaks@upmc.edu OI Badylak, Stephen/0000-0003-3555-0689 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [EB000261] NR 19 TC 50 Z9 53 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD APR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 12 BP 1431 EP 1435 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.04.042 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 880AG UT WOS:000225760100012 PM 15482831 ER PT J AU Eberhard, WL Brewer, WA Wayson, RL AF Eberhard, WL Brewer, WA Wayson, RL TI Lidar observations of jet engine exhaust for air quality SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Washington, DC USA. RI Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; Eberhard, Wynn/B-5402-2015 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 4 BP 482 EP 483 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 922HB UT WOS:000228826300014 ER PT J AU Hamill, TM Schneider, RS Brooks, HE Forbes, GS Bluestein, HB Steinberg, M Melendez, D Dole, RM AF Hamill, TM Schneider, RS Brooks, HE Forbes, GS Bluestein, HB Steinberg, M Melendez, D Dole, RM TI The May 2003 extended tornado outbreak SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GARDEN-CITY; VORTEX 95; PART II; SUPERCELL; ROTATION; STORM; TEXAS; ORIGINS; KANSAS; CYCLE AB In May 2003 there was a very destructive extended outbreak of tornadoes across the central and eastern United States. More than a dozen tornadoes struck each day from 3 May to 11 May 2003. This outbreak caused 41 fatalities, 642 injuries, and approximately $829 million dollars of property damage. The outbreak set a record for most tornadoes ever reported in a week (334 between 4-10 May), and strong tornadoes (F2 or greater) occurred in an unbroken sequence of nine straight days. Fortunately, despite this being one of the largest extended outbreaks of tornadoes on record, it did not cause as many fatalities as in the few comparable past outbreaks, due in large measure to the warning efforts of National Weather Service, television, and private-company forecasters and the smaller number of violent (F4-F5) tornadoes. This event was also relatively predictable; the onset of the outbreak was forecast skillfully many days in advance. An unusually persistent upper-level trough in the intermountain west and sustained low-level southerly winds through the southern Great Plains produced the extended period of tornado-favorable conditions. Three other extended outbreaks in the past 88 years were statistically comparable to this outbreak, and two short-duration events (Palm Sunday 1965 and the 1974 Superoutbreak) were comparable in the overall number of strong tornadoes. An analysis of tornado statistics and environmental conditions indicates that extended outbreaks ofthis character occur roughly every 10 to 100 years. C1 NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Storm Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Norman, OK USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Weather Channel, Atlanta, GA USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. AccuWeather, State Coll, PA USA. NOAA, NWS, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 4 BP 531 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-4-531 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 922HB UT WOS:000228826300023 ER PT J AU Minte-Vera, CV Branch, TA Stewart, IJ Dorn, MW AF Minte-Vera, CV Branch, TA Stewart, IJ Dorn, MW TI Practical application of meta-analysis results: avoiding the double use of data SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Building on Bevertons Legacy - Life History Variation and Fisheries Management CY AUG 11-14, 2003 CL Quebec, CANADA ID BAYESIAN METAANALYSIS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; STOCK ASSESSMENT; FISH STOCKS; FISHERIES; MODELS; OCEAN AB Meta-analysis is an important new tool for synthesizing scientific knowledge from many previous studies. In fisheries, meta-analyses can be used to obtain prior distributions or penalty functions for parameters used in stock assessment models. Two types of results are generally published in a meta-analysis: Type A, the updated results for each stock used in the meta-analysis, and Type B, the results that would best describe a new stock. Including these results in assessments for the individual stocks would result in double use of the data if the assessments include the input data used in the meta-analyses, which they typically would. To solve this problem, we recommend that an additional form of results should be reported in meta-analyses: Type C, the results for a new stock obtained by sequentially excluding each stock's data set and repeating the meta-analysis. Type C results should be used whenever the assessment input data overlap with the meta-analysis input data, avoiding the double use of data. We illustrate the impact of this reporting change on the results of a recent meta-analysis. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Minte-Vera, CV (reprint author), Univ Estadual Maringa, Maringa, Parana, Brazil. EM cminte@u.washington.edu RI Branch, Trevor/A-5691-2009; Minte-Vera, Carolina/D-6326-2013; Minte-Vera, Carolina/A-5461-2017 OI Minte-Vera, Carolina/0000-0002-0537-1519 NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 62 IS 4 BP 925 EP 929 DI 10.1139/F04-245 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 930LB UT WOS:000229416200020 ER PT J AU Keefer, ML Peery, CA Daigle, WR Jepson, MA Lee, SR Boggs, CT Tolotti, KR Burke, BJ AF Keefer, ML Peery, CA Daigle, WR Jepson, MA Lee, SR Boggs, CT Tolotti, KR Burke, BJ TI Escapement, harvest, and unknown loss of radio-tagged adult salmonids in the Columbia River - Snake River hydrosystem SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Building on Bevertons Legacy - Life History Variation and Fisheries Management CY AUG 11-14, 2003 CL Quebec City, CANADA ID SUMMER CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; ATLANTIC SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; UPSTREAM MIGRATION; SURVIVAL RATES; MARKED ANIMALS; FRASER-RIVER AB Accurate estimates of escapement by adult anadromous salmonids are difficult, especially in large, multistock river systems. We used radiotelemetry and a fishery reward program to calculate escapement, harvest, and unaccounted for loss rates for 10 498 adult chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and 5324 steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during six return years in the Columbia River basin. Mean annual escapements to spawning sites, hatcheries, or the upper bounds of the monitored hydrosystem were 73.4% (spring-summer chinook salmon), 61.3% (fall chinook salmon), and 62.6% (steelhead). Mean reported harvest rates were 8.7% (spring-summer chinook), 22.0% (fall chinook), and 15.1% (steelhead) within the mainstem hydrosystem and 5.9%, 3.4%, and 5.7%, respectively, in lower hydrosystem tributaries. On average, 12%-17% of each run had unknown fates in the mainstem hydrosystem. Escapement, harvest, and loss varied significantly between runs and years, within runs between known-origin subbasin stocks, and between interdam river reaches. Multiyear quantitative assessments like this can reduce uncertainty, clarify inter- and intra-annual variability, and help managers better evaluate fisheries, identify conservation priorities, and help protect evolutionarily significant populations. C1 Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Dept, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Keefer, ML (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Biol Resources Dept, US Geol Survey, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM mkeefer@uidaho.edu NR 72 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 62 IS 4 BP 930 EP 949 DI 10.1139/F04-246 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 930LB UT WOS:000229416200021 ER PT J AU Le Bigot, EO Jentschura, UD Indelicato, P Mohr, PJ AF Le Bigot, EO Jentschura, UD Indelicato, P Mohr, PJ TI Toward high-precision values of the self energy of non-S states in hydrogen and hydrogen-like ions SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Physics of Simple Atomic Systems (PSAS 2004) CY AUG 01, 2004-AUG 04, 2005 CL Rio de Janeiro, BRAZIL ID TIGHTLY BOUND ELECTRON; LAMB SHIFT; COULOMB FIELD; ATOMS AB The method and status of a study to provide numerical, high-precision values of the self-energy level shift in hydrogen and hydrogen-like ions is described. Graphs of the self energy in hydrogen-like ions with nuclear charge number between 20 and 110 are given for a large number of states. The self-energy is the largest contribution of quantum electrodynamics (QED) to the energy levels of these atomic systems. These results greatly expand the number of levels for which the self energy is known with a controlled and high precision. Applications include the adjustment of the Rydberg constant and atomic calculations that take into account QED effects. C1 Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75005 Paris, France. Univ Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France. Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Le Bigot, EO (reprint author), Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, Case 74,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. EM Eric.Le.Bigot@spectro.jussieu.fr RI Indelicato, Paul/D-7636-2011 OI Indelicato, Paul/0000-0003-4668-8958 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4204 J9 CAN J PHYS JI Can. J. Phys. PD APR PY 2005 VL 83 IS 4 BP 447 EP 454 DI 10.1139/P04-076 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 933AB UT WOS:000229595000019 ER PT J AU Heppell, SS Crouse, DT Crowder, LB Epperly, SP Gabriel, W Henwood, T Marquez, R Thompson, NB AF Heppell, SS Crouse, DT Crowder, LB Epperly, SP Gabriel, W Henwood, T Marquez, R Thompson, NB TI A population model to estimate recovery time, population size, and management impacts on Kemp's ridley sea turtles SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; Lepidochelys kempii; sea turtle; demography; population model; population dynamics; management; conservation; survival rates; Mexico ID LEPIDOCHELYS KEMPII; CONSERVATION; GROWTH AB From 1995-99, the National Marine Fisheries Service Turtle Expert Working Group accumulated census information and life history data for the Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) with the goal of producing population models to address management and viability questions. This is a summary of the preliminary population models produced by the Group. A 37-year time series of nest numbers exists for this species. Because most vital rates (age-specific survival and growth) are uncertain, several sources of data were used in conjunction with model fitting to estimate parameters for the models. A range of parameter estimates was used to test the sensitivity of model results to uncertainty. A range of models had good fits to the observed number of nests; the best fitting model included 10 years to sexual maturity and an increase in benthic feeding turtle survival after 1990 (corresponding with Turtle Excluder Device regulations that are thought to have reduced mortality of those stages). All models predicted rapid population growth (12-16% per year) assuming that current survival rates remain constant. Decreased egg survival with nest density slowed the population growth rate, but not until after the population reached the management target of 10,000 nesting females. While these results were fairly consistent for alternative ages at first reproduction and survival rates, the different models gave a wide range of population size estimates, preventing the Group from setting incidental catch limits. Refinement of vital rates, particularly survival rates, should reduce this uncertainty in the future. C1 US EPA, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Dept, Div Endangered Species, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. Nicholas Sch Environm, Duke Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NMFS, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NMFS, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. Interamer Convent Protect & Conservat Marine Turt, Sci Comm, Manzanillo 28217, Colima, Mexico. RP Heppell, SS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 104 Nash Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM Selina.Heppell@oregonstate.edu; debby_crouse@fws.gov; lcrowder@duke.edu; sheryan.epperly@noaa.gov; wendy.gabriel@noaa.gov; terry.henwood@noaa.gov; rmarquez@bay.net.mx; nancy.thompson@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 29 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 767 EP 773 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 964JG UT WOS:000231876400004 ER PT J AU Witzell, WN Salgado-Quintero, A Garduno-Dionte, M AF Witzell, WN Salgado-Quintero, A Garduno-Dionte, M TI Reproductive parameters of the Kemp's ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) at Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, Mexico SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; Lepidochelys kempii; sea turtle; arribazon; reproduction; mass nesting; Mexico ID CLUTCH SIZE; CARETTA-CARETTA; MARINE TURTLES; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; CUMBERLAND ISLAND; BODY SIZE; POPULATION; FREQUENCY; BEHAVIOR; GEORGIA AB Reproductive parameters of critically endangered Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) were recorded at Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, Mexico, during the 1999 and 2000 nesting seasons. Recorded parameters included: nesting turtle lengths and weights, clutch sizes and weights, and egg and hatchling lengths and weights. There was a trend for larger turtles to lay larger clutches. Nesting turtle weights and clutch sizes were smaller than originally recorded in the 1960s, and may be attributed to an increasing number of smaller neophyte turtles entering the population. The Kemp's ridley has a low mean reproductive rate but it is large relative to their mean body size. It is suggested that the low reproductive rate is offset by multiple clutches, short remigration period, early maturity, and high hatchling survival through mass nesting. There was a tendency for mass nesting to occur during windy days, when increased surf may trigger auditory, olfactory, and visual cues that initiate arribazon behavior. C1 US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Inst Nacl Pesca, Mexico City 03310, DF, Mexico. RP Witzell, WN (reprint author), US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM wayne.witzell@noaa.gov; alfiesq@yahoo.com.mx; mdionati@yahoo.com.mx NR 47 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 9 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 781 EP 787 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 964JG UT WOS:000231876400006 ER PT J AU Landry, AM Costa, DT Kenyon, FL Coyne, MS AF Landry, AM Costa, DT Kenyon, FL Coyne, MS TI Population characteristics of Kemp's ridley sea turtles in nearshore waters of the upper Texas and Louisiana coasts SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; Lepidochelys kempii; sea turtle; nearshore habitat; in-water capture; population characteristics; sex ratio; growth; headstarting; Louisiana; Texas ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTHWESTERN GULF; ECOLOGY AB Entanglement netting at beachfront, tidal pass, bay, and lagoon habitats along the upper Texas and Louisiana coasts was used to characterize spatial/temporal occurrence, relative abundance, size class composition, sex ratio, and growth rate of nearshore Kemp's ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) assemblages in the western Gulf during 1992-98. Nine study areas from Grand Isle, Louisiana, to South Padre Island, Texas, were netted at different frequencies and/or years, with capture operations scheduled for at least 1 week per month at one or more areas. Beachfront habitats near Calcasieu Pass, Louisiana, and Sabine Pass, Texas, received 73% of the netting effort and accounted for 97% of the 429 ridleys captured during the study. Headstarted ridleys comprised 6.8% (29 individuals) of these captures, and all were netted at beachfront habitats. Overall ridley catch per unit of effort (CPUE) among all years and study areas was 0.5 ridley/km-hr. CPUEs at beachfront versus bay/pass habitats were 0.6 and 0.1, respectively. Sabine and Calcasieu Pass beachfront habitats yielded overall CPUEs of 0.7 and 0.5, respectively, while bay/pass habitats produced CPUEs ranging from 0.0 to 0.2. Annual CPUEs at Sabine Pass, the only area netted each year of the study, ranged from 0.2 to 1.1. Ridleys dominated (92%) catches at upper coast study areas. Ridley occurrence at Sabine and Calcasieu Passes was generally limited to April through September, with May through August producing 92% of the sample. December through February failed to yield ridleys at any study area. Recapture rate for 415 ridleys tagged at Sabine and Calcasieu Passes was 2.9%, with the interval ranging from 22 to 364 days. Recaptured ridleys grew at a mean rate of 0.02 cm/day or 7.3 cm/year. Ridleys ranged from 19.5 to 65.8 cm SCL, with 77% < 40 cm SCL. Adults comprised 2.3% of all captures, none of which were mature males. Sex ratio of wild ridleys was 1.3F:1M. Nearshore, neritic Gulf waters along the upper Texas and Louisiana coasts provide developmental habitat to juvenile and subadult ridleys during late spring through summer when blue crab abundance and discarded shrimp fishery bycatch are highest. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Sea Turtle & Fisheries Ecol Res Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Landry, AM (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Sea Turtle & Fisheries Ecol Res Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM landrya@tamug.edu; dtcosta@aol.com; kenyonl@infire.com; mcoyne@seaturtle.org NR 41 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 16 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 801 EP 807 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 964JG UT WOS:000231876400008 ER PT J AU Renaud, ML Williams, JA AF Renaud, ML Williams, JA TI Kemp's ridley sea turtle movements and migrations SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; Lepidochelys kempii; sea turtle; seasonal migration; telemetry; movements; diving behavior; USA ID SUBMERGENCE PATTERNS; CARETTA-CARETTA; CAROLINA; WATERS; MORTALITY; BEHAVIOR; COAST AB The Kemp's ridley, Lepidochelys kempii, is the most endangered of all sea turtles. It is distributed throughout the Gulf of Mexico and occurs along the eastern seaboard of North America to Nova Scotia. Isolated occurrences have been documented in the eastern north Atlantic and Caribbean. Its presence in U.S. waters is seasonal, with sea water temperature playing an important role in the distribution of the species. In the Gulf of Mexico, Kemp's ridleys arrive at northern coastal feeding areas in the spring and migrate south in the fall. Occurrence on the east coast of North America is more common during June, July, and August. Kemp's ridleys are typically found in water depths < 20 m from April through September, and they move out to 50-m depths during October through March. Movement year-round appears to be nearshore (within 18 m) and parallel to shorelines. Mean submergence duration of Kemp's ridleys is > 30 min in the winter and less than 15 min during other seasons. Single dive durations range from less than 1 min to over 4 hrs. Kemp's ridleys spend up to 96% of their time submerged. Mean movement of satellite- and radio-tracked turtles was 26.6 and 8.8 km/day, respectively. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston Lab, SE Fisheries Ctr, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Williams, JA (reprint author), 73-4328 Hua Pl, Kailua Kona, HI 96740 USA. EM Jo.Anne.Williams@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 5 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 808 EP 816 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 964JG UT WOS:000231876400009 ER PT J AU Shaver, DJ Schroeder, BA Byles, RA Burchfield, PM Pena, J Marquez, R Martinez, HJ AF Shaver, DJ Schroeder, BA Byles, RA Burchfield, PM Pena, J Marquez, R Martinez, HJ TI Movements and home ranges of adult male Kemp's ridley sea turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) in the Gulf of Mexico investigated by satellite telemetry SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; Lepidochelys kempii; sea turtle; telemetry; migration; site fidelity; movements; home range; conservation; management ID GREEN TURTLES; OLIVE RIDLEY; BEHAVIOR; MIGRATION; OLIVACEA; GROWTH; WILD AB Movements of 11 adult male Kemp's ridley turtles (Lepidochelys kempii) captured near Rancho Nuevo, Tamaulipas, Mexico, were monitored using satellite telemetry between 1999 and 2001. Locations were obtained from 73 to 233 days and transmissions were received from 89 to 453 days following deployment. The majority of accepted locations were in near-shore waters, in 37 m (20 fm) water depth or less. One of the 11 turtles traveled northward and was last located offshore from Galveston, Texas, USA. The other 10 remained within waters off Tamaulipas, Mexico. Eight of those 10 moved multi-directionally, primarily within core home range areas, and the other two moved primarily linearly. In contrast to previous findings for adult female Kemp's ridley turtles, our results suggest that a significant proportion of the adult male Kemp's ridley population may reside in the vicinity of nesting beaches year-round. Recovery programs for Kemp's ridley turtles should incorporate considerations regarding year-round residency of adult males. C1 Padre Isl Natl Seashore, Natl Pk Serv, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources, Silver Spring, MD 20901 USA. Virginia Air & Space Ctr, Hampton, VA 23669 USA. Gladys Porter Zoo, Brownsville, TX 78520 USA. Inst Nacl Pesca, Programa Nacl Invest Tortugas Marinas, Manzanillo 28200, Colima, Mexico. RP Shaver, DJ (reprint author), Padre Isl Natl Seashore, Natl Pk Serv, POB 181300, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. EM donna_shaver@nps.gov; barbara.schroeder@noaa.gov; rbyles@vasc.org; ridley@gpz.org; rmarquez@bay.net.mx NR 69 TC 19 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 18 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 817 EP 827 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 964JG UT WOS:000231876400010 ER PT J AU Fontaine, C Shaver, D AF Fontaine, C Shaver, D TI Head-starting the Kemp's ridley sea turtle, Lepidochelys kempii, at the NMFS Galveston Laboratory, 1978-1992: A review SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Cheloniidae; Lepidochelys kempii; sea turtle; management; conservation; head-start; review; USA ID NORTHWESTERN GULF; MEXICO AB We review the Kemp's ridley sea turtle head-start experiment at the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Galveston Laboratory which was part of an international effort to save this endangered species from 1978 through 1992. During the 15 years of this experiment 22,596 tagged yearling turtles were released into the Gulf of Mexico, of which 878 were recaptured either dead or alive. Through 2000, ten adult head-started Kemp's ridleys have returned and nested; nine at North Padre Island and Mustang Island, Texas (near where they had been experimentally imprinted) and one at the primary nesting beach on the east coast of Mexico near Rancho Nuevo. C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. US Natl PArl Serv, Padre Isl Natl Seashore, Corpus Christi, TX 78480 USA. RP Fontaine, C (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Galveston Lab, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM tim.fontaine@noaa.gov; donna_shaver@nps.gov NR 44 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 838 EP 845 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 964JG UT WOS:000231876400013 ER PT J AU Nakamura, Y Kashiwagi, T AF Nakamura, Y Kashiwagi, T TI Effects of sample orientation on nonpiloted ignition of thin poly(methyl methacrylate) sheet by a laser - 1. Theoretical prediction SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE nonpiloted ignition; PMMA; gravity; hole formation; prediction ID SOLID FUELS; RADIATION; DEGRADATION; ABSORPTION; MODEL; PMMA AB Nonpiloted ignition processes of a thin poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) sheet (0.2 mm thick) with a laser beam as an external radiant source are investigated using three-dimensional, time-dependent numerical calculations. The effects of sample orientation angle on ignition delay time in quiescent air in a normal-gravity environment and of imposed velocity in a microgravity environment are determined. The numerical model includes heat and mass transport processes with global one-step chemical reactions in both gas and solid phases. A simple absorption model based on Beer's law is introduced and bulk absorption coefficients are applied to the solid PMMA and evolved methylmethacrylate (MMA). The PMMA sample surface is kept normal to the incident radiation at all sample orientation angles. In a zero gravity environment, ignition delay time increases with an increase in imposed flow velocity. In quiescent normal gravity, ignition delay time has a strong dependency on the sample orientation angle due to a complex interaction between the buoyancy-induced flow containing evolved MMA and the incident laser beam. Without absorption of the incident radiation by the evolved MMA, ignition is not achieved. The most favorable ignition configuration is the ceiling configuration (downward-facing horizontal sample irradiated by upward laser beam). The formation of a hole through the thin sample due to consumption has two counteractive effects on the ignition process: one is a reduction in the fuel supply rate, and the other is an increase in the air supply from the side opposite to the irradiated side by the buoyancy-induced flow through the hole. (c) 2005 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Nagoya Univ, EcoTopia Sci Inst, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648603, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nakamura, Y (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Div Mech Sci, Kita Ku, Kita 13,Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0608628, Japan. EM yuji-mg@eng.hokudai.ac.jp NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD APR PY 2005 VL 141 IS 1-2 BP 149 EP 169 DI 10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.12.014 PG 21 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 914YJ UT WOS:000228263700010 ER PT J AU Goes, M Molinari, R da Silveira, I Wainer, I AF Goes, M Molinari, R da Silveira, I Wainer, I TI Retroflections of the North Brazil Current during February 2002 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE Western Boundary Currents; Equatorial Undercurrents; Equatorial Countercurrents; potential vorticity; Atlantic Ocean; equatorial ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; UPPER-LAYER CIRCULATION; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; OCEAN; DYNAMICS; TRANSPORTS; WATER AB Retroflections of the North Brazil Current (NBC) are examined using observational data collected in the western tropical Atlantic between 35 degrees W-44 degrees W and 11 degrees S-7 degrees N. Acoustic Doppler Current profiler. conductivity temperature depth oxygen and expendable Bathythermograph data were obtained during a cruise conducted in February 2002. The water column was separated into two layers, the upper layer from the sea-surface to the 24.5 isopyenal and lower layer from the 24.5 to the 26.8 isopyenal. The upper layer includes the NBC, the South Equatorial Current, the North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) and a portion of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC). The lower layer includes the North Brazil Undercurrent (NBUC), the South Equatorial Undercurrent (SEUC), the North Equatorial Undercurrent (NEUC) and another portion of the EUC. With respect to earlier work, the data show that (1) the SEUC is primarily fed by waters from a recirculation gyre on its northern boundary with some minor transport retroflecting from the NBUC; (2) the EUC is fed primarily by southern hemisphere waters that retroflect from the NBC, but there is some northern hemisphere water in the near surface flow that connects the EUC and NEUC during this cruise, (3) the NECC during this cruise has no connection to the NBC and is fed by northern hemisphere waters originating in the North Equatorial Current; and (4) the majority of the upper layer NBC that crosses 44 degrees W does not appear to retroflect from the boundary farther north to return equatorward. New results include: (1) quantification, for this period, of the amount of transport in the single current core at 44 W that is comprised of waters from the southern (9.2 Sv) and northern hemispheres (5.2 Sv); (2) demonstration that the single core of eastward flow at 44 degrees W and 41 degrees W separates into the NEUC and EUC by 35 degrees W, with the former composed of northern hemisphere waters and the latter southern hemisphere waters, (3) demonstration that the precursor to the EUC (NEUC) at 44 degrees W and 41 degrees W accelerates (decelerates) by 35 degrees W; and (4) depiction of the potential vorticity (PV) field showing that the PV front at 44 degrees W has separated into a front of higher PV values coincident with NEUC and a low PV core at 35 degrees W coincident with the EUC. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Phys Oceanog, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Molinari, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM bob.molinari@noaa.gov RI Goes, Marlos/B-4273-2011; Wainer, Ilana/B-4540-2011 OI Goes, Marlos/0000-0001-5874-8079; Wainer, Ilana/0000-0003-3784-623X NR 27 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 2005 VL 52 IS 4 BP 647 EP 667 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.10.010 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 911LN UT WOS:000228004100006 ER PT J AU De Boer, AM Nof, D AF De Boer, AM Nof, D TI The Bering Strait's grip on the northern hemisphere climate (vol 51, pg 1347, 2004) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Correction C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Florida State Univ, Inst Geophys Fluid Dynam, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Nof, D (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, 4320, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM nof@ocean.fsu.edu RI De Boer, Agatha/H-4202-2012 OI De Boer, Agatha/0000-0002-3943-7694 NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 2005 VL 52 IS 4 BP 669 EP 670 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.11.004 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 911LN UT WOS:000228004100007 ER PT J AU Boccaletti, G Pacanowski, RC George, S Philander, H AF Boccaletti, G Pacanowski, RC George, S Philander, H TI A diabatic mechanism for decadal variability in the tropics SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coupled Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere Dynamics and Predictability CY JUL 02-04, 2003 CL Sapporo, JAPAN DE thermocline variability; ocean circulation; ocean waves; climate ID NORTH PACIFIC; UPPER-OCEAN; THERMOCLINE; CIRCULATION; OSCILLATION; BASIN; SEA AB Can atmospheric forcing of the ocean in high latitudes induce decadal variability in low latitudes? Most theoretical studies that have considered this question assign a critical role to adiabatic, advective, subsurface oceanic links between the tropics and extra-tropics. Observational evidence of such links is proving elusive. This study posits that given the constraint of a balanced heat budget for the ocean in a state of equilibrium, atmospheric forcing over a broad spectrum of frequencies in high latitudes can force decadal variability in low latitudes without any explicit evidence of oceanic links. The oceanic response to an abrupt change in diabatic forcing, a sudden increase in heat loss in high latitudes say, is characterized by two time-scales. The one, tau(w), is relatively short and is associated with planetary and coastal waves that propagate from the disturbed region to the equator (and then back to higher latitudes.) The other, tau(d), is on the order of a few years and depends on diabatic processes responsible for increasing the oceanic heat gain in low latitudes. Through these processes the system is driven towards a new balanced heat budget in which the heat gain, mainly in the equatorial upwelling zones, equals the heat loss in high latitudes. When the forcing, rather than abrupt, is sinusoidal with period P, then the amplitude of the response depends on the ratio P/tau(d). The response is modest when that ratio is small because the period P is too short for the ocean to adjust. As P gets larger compared to tau(d), the amplitude increases, but explicit evidence of the waves that connect high and low latitudes is very hard to detect. The ocean acts as a low pass filter to the forcing with characteristic timescale tau(d). (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Planetary & Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP MIT, Dept Earth Planetary & Atmospher Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gbocca@mit.edu NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 EI 1872-6879 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD APR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 3 EP 19 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2004.11.009 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 930BW UT WOS:000229391800002 ER PT J AU Boccaletti, G AF Boccaletti, G TI Timescales and dynamics of the formation of a thermocline SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Coupled Tropical Ocean-Atmosphere Dynamics and Predictability CY JUL 02-04, 2003 CL Sapporo, JAPAN DE thermocline; ocean circulation; ocean waves; thermohaline circulation ID DEEP-OCEAN CIRCULATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; VARIABILITY; SEA; TRITIUM; MODELS AB In a state of equilibrium, the constraint of a balanced heat budget for the ocean strongly influences the depth of the tropical thermodine because that depth controls the rate at which the ocean absorbs heat from the atmosphere. Thus, an increase in the oceanic heat loss in high latitudes results in a shoaling of the equatorial thermodine so that the heat gain also increases. How does the ocean adjust to such a new equilibrium state after an abrupt change in the heat flux in high latitudes? The adjustment of the wind-driven circulation of the upper ocean is shown to involve two timescales. The first is the familiar adiabatic wave-adjustment time associated with the horizontal redistribution of warm water above the thermodine in shallow water models. (This is essentially the time it takes Rossby and Kelvin waves to propagate from the disturbed extra-equatorial region to the equator.) The second adjustment-time is associated with the diabatic processes that come into play once the waves from higher latitudes modify the thermal structure in low latitudes and hence the flux of heat into the ocean; it is the timescale on which the ocean recovers a balanced heat budget. The identification of this timescale is the main result of this paper. Through a series of simulations of an idealized ocean basin, we identify the diabatic timescale and argue that it is determined by the strength of the upwelling and the intensity of the air-sea heatfluxes. By simulating the fort-nation of a thermocline from isothermal conditions, we are able to relate this timescale to other relevant timescales such as that associated with diffusive processes and the adiabatic timescale invoked by Gu and Philander [Gu, D., Philander, S.G.H., 1997. Interdecadal climate fluctuations that depend on exchanges between the tropics and extra-topics. Science 275, 805-807]. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gbocca@mit.edu NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 EI 1872-6879 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD APR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 40 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2004.10.010 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 930BW UT WOS:000229391800003 ER PT J AU Tolimieri, N Levin, PS AF Tolimieri, N Levin, PS TI The roles of fishing and climate in the population dynamics of bocaccio rockfish SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE bocaccio; El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO); matrix model; Northern Oscillation Index (NOI); regime shift; sea surface temperatures (SST); Sebastes paucispinis; upwelling ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; LARGE-SCALE CLIMATE; CORAL-REEF FISH; EL-NINO; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; RECRUITMENT SUCCESS; SEBASTES MYSTINUS; LARVAL ROCKFISHES; JUVENILE ROCKFISH AB Climate is an important force influencing the dynamics of populations and communities in many terrestrial, aquatic, and marine systems. The precipitous decline of stocks of bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) since the mid-1970s has been attributed to a combination of a shift in the climate regime in the eastern Pacific Ocean during the winter of 1976-1977 (leading to lower productivity) and overfishing. We used a bocaccio recruitment time series (1959-1997) and indices of climate and ocean condition (e.g., sea surface temperature, Northern Oscillation Index, El Nino-Southern Oscillation Index, and upwelling indices) to examine the relationship between bocaccio productivity (recruits per spawning output, R/S) and both interannual (e.g.. ENSO) and interdecadal (regime shifts) scale variation in climate and ocean conditions. We did not detect an effect of the 1976 climate regime shift on bocaccio productivity. Mean log R/S and the frequency of "good" recruitment years (log R/S > 1 SD above the long-term mean) were the same before and after the 1976 regime shift. Good recruitment years occurred about 13% of the time in both regimes. At an interannual time scale, cooler ocean temperatures during the period spanning egg production to the end of the larval stage correlated with higher log R/S both before and after the regime shift. Prior to the 1976 shift, high log R/S values were more likely when upwelling was low during the settlement period, but there was no relationship after the regime shift. A matrix population model suaaested that in the absence of fishing a "good" recruitment year needs to occur 15% of the time to achieve a nonnegative population growth rate of (lambda >= 1.0), similar to the observed frequency of good recruitment events. Good recruitment years needed to occur > 90% of the time under historic levels of fishing mortality to achieve a population growth rate >= 1.0. Taken together. these results suggest that the 1976 regime shift did not contribute to the decline in bocacclo stocks through processes affecting recruitment. and that the degree to which populations of bocaccio can withstand fishing depends on the frequency Of climatic conditions that promote strong recruitment. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Tolimieri, N (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM nick.tolimieri@noaa.gov NR 72 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD APR PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 458 EP 468 DI 10.1890/03-5376 PG 11 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 912ED UT WOS:000228059000005 ER PT J AU Gego, E Hogrefe, C Kallos, G Voudouri, A Irwin, JS Rao, ST AF Gego, E Hogrefe, C Kallos, G Voudouri, A Irwin, JS Rao, ST TI Examination of model predictions at different horizontal grid resolutions SO ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE air quality; grid resolution; model evaluation ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; UNCERTAINTIES AB While fluctuations in meteorological and air quality variables occur on a continuum of spatial scales, the horizontal grid spacing of coupled meteorological and photochemical models sets a lower limit on the spatial scales that they can resolve. However, both computational costs and data requirements increase significantly with increasing grid resolution. Therefore, it is important to examine, for any given application, whether the expected benefit of increased grid resolution justifies the extra costs. In this study, we examine temperature and ozone observations and model predictions for three high ozone episodes that occurred over the northeastern United States during the summer of 1995. In the first set of simulations, the meteorological model RAMS4a was run with three two-way nested grids of 108/36/12 km grid spacing covering the United States and the photochemical model UAM-V was run with two grids of 36/12 km grid spacing covering the eastern United States. In the second set of simulations, RAMS4a was run with four two-way nested grids of 108/36/12/4 km grid spacing and UAM-V was run with three grids of 36/12/4 km grid spacing with the finest resolution covering the northeastern United States. Our analysis focuses on the comparison of model predictions for the finest grid domain of the simulations, namely, the region overlapping the 12 km and 4 km domains. A comparison of 12 km versus 4 km fields shows that the increased grid resolution leads to finer texture in the model predictions; however, comparisons of model predictions with observations do not reveal the expected improvement in the predictions. While high-resolution modeling has scientific merit and potential uses, the currently available monitoring networks, in conjunction with the scarceness of highly resolved spatial input data and the limitations of model formulation, do not allow confirmation of the expected superiority of the high-resolution model predictions. C1 SUNY Albany, Albany, NY 12222 USA. Univ Athens, GR-10679 Athens, Greece. NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM irwin.john@epamail.epa.gov NR 19 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-7419 J9 ENVIRON FLUID MECH JI Environ. Fluid Mech. PD APR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1-2 BP 63 EP 85 DI 10.1007/s10652-005-0486-3 PG 23 WC Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA 937QD UT WOS:000229939700003 ER PT J AU Freitas, SR Longo, KM Diasb, MAFS Diasb, PLS Chatfield, R Prins, E Artaxo, P Grell, GA Recuero, FS AF Freitas, SR Longo, KM Diasb, MAFS Diasb, PLS Chatfield, R Prins, E Artaxo, P Grell, GA Recuero, FS TI Monitoring the transport of biomass burning emissions in South America SO ENVIRONMENTAL FLUID MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE aerosol transport; air pollution; atmospheric modeling; biomass burning; climate change; long-distance transport; weather forecast ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MODEL DESCRIPTION; AMAZON BASIN; SCAR-B; SMOKE; AEROSOLS; CONVECTION; SULFUR; CLOUDS; BRAZIL AB The atmospheric transport of biomass burning emissions in the South American and African continents is being monitored annually using a numerical simulation of air mass motions; we use a tracer transport capability developed within RAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) coupled to an emission model. Mass conservation equations are solved for carbon monoxide (CO) and particulate material (PM2.5). Source emissions of trace gases and particles associated with biomass burning activities in tropical forest, savanna and pasture have been parameterized and introduced into the model. The sources are distributed spatially and temporally and assimilated daily using the biomass burning locations detected by remote sensing. Advection effects (at grid scale) and turbulent transport (at sub-grid scale) are provided by the RAMS parameterizations. A sub-grid transport parameterization associated with moist deep and shallow convection, not explicitly resolved by the model due to its low spatial resolution, has also been introduced. Sinks associated with the process of wet and dry removal of aerosol particles and chemical transformation of gases are parameterized and introduced in the mass conservation equation. An operational system has been implemented which produces daily 48-h numerical simulations (including 24-h forecasts) of CO and PM2.5, in addition to traditional meteorological fields. The good prediction skills of the model are demonstrated by comparisons with time series of PM2.5 measured at the surface. C1 NOAA, Res, Forecast Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Sao Paulo, BR-05508 Sao Paulo, Brazil. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Madison, WI USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sfreitas@cptec.inpe.br RI grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Freitas, Saulo/A-2279-2012; Leite da Silva Dias, Pedro/H-1183-2016; Artaxo, Paulo/E-8874-2010 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Freitas, Saulo/0000-0002-9879-646X; Leite da Silva Dias, Pedro/0000-0002-4051-2962; Artaxo, Paulo/0000-0001-7754-3036 NR 54 TC 112 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 25 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1567-7419 EI 1573-1510 J9 ENVIRON FLUID MECH JI Environ. Fluid Mech. PD APR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1-2 BP 135 EP 167 DI 10.1007/s10652-005-0243-7 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mechanics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography; Water Resources GA 937QD UT WOS:000229939700006 ER PT J AU Maucher, JM Ramsdell, JS AF Maucher, JM Ramsdell, JS TI Domoic acid transfer to milk: Evaluation of a potential route of neonatal exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE amnesic shellfish poisoning; domoic acid; ELISA; milk; plasma; urine ID MONKEYS MACACA-FASCICULARIS; SEA LIONS; SHELLFISH TOXIN; RAT; MICE; NEUROTOXICITY; INTOXICATION; CLEARANCE; MORTALITY; TOXICITY AB Domoic acid (DA), produced by the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia, is a glutamate analog and a neurotoxin in humans. During diatom blooms, DA can contaminate filter-feeding organisms, such as shellfish, and can be transferred by ingestion to higher trophic levels. Several intoxication events involving both humans and various marine mammals have been attributed to DA. Affected organisms show neurological symptoms such as seizures, ataxia, headweaving, and stereotypic scratching, as well as prolonged deficits in memory and learning. Neonatal animals have been shown to be substantially more sensitive to DA than adults. However, it has not been demonstrated whether DA can be transferred to nursing young from DA-exposed mothers. This study demonstrates transfer of DA from spiked milk (0.3 and 1.0 mg/kg) to the plasma of nursing neonatal rats and an overall longer DA retention in milk than in plasma after 8 hr in exposed dams. DA was detectable in milk up to 24 hr after exposure (1.0 mg/kg) of the mothers, although the amount of DA transferred to milk after exposure was not sufficient to cause acute symptoms in neonates. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coastal Res Branch,Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Coastal Res Branch,Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD APR PY 2005 VL 113 IS 4 BP 461 EP 464 DI 10.1289/ehp.7649 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 913NO UT WOS:000228158900046 PM 15811837 ER PT J AU Kukkonen, JVK Mitra, S Landrum, PF Gossiaux, DC Gunnarsson, J Weston, D AF Kukkonen, JVK Mitra, S Landrum, PF Gossiaux, DC Gunnarsson, J Weston, D TI The contrasting roles of sedimentary plant-derived carbon and black carbon on sediment-spiked hydrophobic organic contaminant bioavailability to Diporeia species and Lumbriculus variegatus SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE black carbon; bioavailability; plant-derived carbon; biota-sediment accumulation factor ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DESORPTION-KINETICS; SORPTION; SOOT; PAH; CHEMICALS; MATTER; TOXICOKINETICS; QUANTIFICATION; SEQUESTRATION AB In bioavailability studies, the biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) is invoked to describe the thermodynamic partitioning of a hydrophobic organic contaminant (HOC) between the organism lipid and the organic carbon fraction of the sedimentary matrix and accounts for differences in bioavailability among sediments. Bioaccumulation experiments were performed with Lumbriculus variegatus and Diporeia species exposed in seven sediments dosed with 2,4,5,2',4',5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (HCBP) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) or pyrene (PY) and 3,4,3',4'-tetrachlorobiphenyl (TCBP). The BSAF values for the nonplanar HCBP were consistent with equilibrium partitioning theory (EQP) and averaged 2.87 for L. variegatus and 1.45 for Diporeia, while the BSAF values for the planar compounds (BaP, PY, TCBP) were generally lower than estimated from EQP (< 1). Correcting the BSAF values of the planar compounds for enhanced sorption due to black carbon improved the BSAF values for L. variegatus, generally resulting in values consistent with EQP, but substantial variation remained for Diporeia. The BSAF values for the planar compounds showed significant positive correlations with plant-derived carbon in sediments (lignin and pigments) but were more consistent for L. variegatus than for Diporeia. These correlations imply that compounds sorbed to plant-derived carbon are more bioavailable since this material is more likely ingested providing a second exposure route. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Binghamton Univ, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Univ Joensuu, Dept Biol, FIN-80101 Joensuu, Finland. Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Landrum, PF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM peter.landrum@noaa.gov NR 49 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 14 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 877 EP 885 DI 10.1897/04-171R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 909TG UT WOS:000227883000017 PM 15839562 ER PT J AU Hamilton, JB Curtis, GL Snedaker, SM White, DK AF Hamilton, JB Curtis, GL Snedaker, SM White, DK TI Distribution of anadromous fishes in the Upper Klamath River watershed prior to hydropower dams - A synthesis of the historical evidence SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID SALMON AB Knowledge of the historical distribution of anadromous fish is important to guide management decisions regarding the Klamath River including ongoing restoration and regional recovery of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Using various sources, we determined the historical distribution of anadromous fish above Iron Gate Dam. Evidence for the largest, most utilized species, Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), was available from multiple sources and clearly showed that this species historically migrated upstream into tributaries of Upper Klamath Lake. Available information indicates that the distribution of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) extended to the Klamath Upper Basin as well. Coho salmon and anadromous lamprey (Lampetra tri-dentata) likely were distributed upstream at least to the vicinity of Spencer Creek. A population of anadromous sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) may have occurred historically above Iron Gate Dam. Green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris), chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha), coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarki clarki), and eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) were restricted to the Klamath River well below Iron Gate Dam. This synthesis of available sources regarding the historical extent of these species' upstream distribution provides key information necessary to guide management and habitat restoration efforts. C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka Fish & Wildlife Off, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. US Bur Land Management, Klamath Falls, OR USA. NOAA Fisheries, Santa Rosa, CA USA. RP Hamilton, JB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Yreka Fish & Wildlife Off, Yreka, CA 96097 USA. EM John_Hamilton@fws.gov NR 46 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 4 U2 29 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD APR PY 2005 VL 30 IS 4 BP 10 EP 20 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2005)30[10:DOAFIT]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 914RC UT WOS:000228244300006 ER PT J AU Carlson, JK Baremore, IE AF Carlson, JK Baremore, IE TI Growth dynamics of the spinner shark (Carcharhinus brevipinna) off the United States southeast and Gulf of Mexico coasts: a comparison of methods SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; AGE-DETERMINATION; LIFE-HISTORY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NATURAL MORTALITY; BLACKNOSE SHARK; DUSKY SHARK; EAST-COAST; AFRICA; PARAMETERS AB The age and growth dynamics of the spinner shark (Carcharhinus brevipinna) in the northwest Atlantic Ocean off the southeast United States and in the Gulf of Mexico were examined and four growth models were used to examine variation in the ability to fit size-at-age data. The von Bertalanffy growth model, an alternative equation of the von Bertalariffy growth model with a size-at birth intercept, the Gompertz growth model, and a logistic model were fitted to sex-specific observed size-at-age data. Considering the statistical criteria (e.g., lowest mean square error [MSE], high coefficient-of-determination, and greatest level of significance) we desired for this study, the logistic model provided the best overall fit to the size-at-age data, whereas the von Bertalanffy growth model gave the worst. For "biological validity," the von Bertalanffy model for female sharks provided estimates similar to those reported in other studies. However, the von Bertalariffy model was deemed inappropriate for describing the growth of male spinner sharks because estimates of theoretical maximum size (L.) indicated a size much larger than that observed in the field. However, the growth coefficient (k=0.14/yr) from the Gompertz model provided an estimate most similar to that reported for other large coastal species. The analysis of growth for spinner shark in the present study demonstrates the importance of fitting alternative models when standard models fit the data poorly or when growth estimates do not appear to be realistic. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM john.carlson@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 7 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 2 BP 280 EP 291 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 927BG UT WOS:000229166800005 ER PT J AU Lowry, MS Forney, KA AF Lowry, MS Forney, KA TI Abundance and distribution of California sea lions (Zalophus califomianus) in central and northern California during 1998 and summer 1999 SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ISLAND; COUNTS; DIET AB The abundance and distribution of California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in central and northern California was studied to allow future evaluation of their impact on salmonids, the ecosystem, and fisheries. Abundance at-sea was estimated by using the strip transect method from a fixed-wing aircraft with a belly viewing port. Abundance on land was estimated from 126-mm-format aerial photographs of animals at haulouts between Point Conception and the California-Oregon border. The sum of these two estimates represented total abundance for central and northern California. Both types of survey were conducted in May-June 1998, September 1998, December 1998, and July 1999. A haulout survey was conducted in July 1998. The greatest number of sea lions occurred near Monterey Bay and San Francisco Bay for all surveys. Abundance was high in central and northern California in 1998 when warm water from the 1997-98 El Nino affected the region and was low in July 1999 when cold water La Nina conditions were prevalent. At-sea abundance estimates in central and northern California ranged from 12,232 to 40,161 animals, and haulout abundance was 13,559 to 36,576 animals. Total abundance of California sea lions in central and northern California was estimated as 64,916 in May-June 1998, 75,673 in September 1998, 56,775 in December 1998, and 25,791 in July 1999. The proportion of total abundance to animals hauled-out for the four complete surveys ranged from 1.77 to 2.13, and the mean of 1.89 was used to estimate a total abundance of 49,697 for July 1998. This multiplier may be applicable in the future to estimate total abundance of California sea lions off central and northern California if only the abundance of animals at haulout sites is known. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Lowry, MS (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM mark.lowry@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 2 BP 331 EP 343 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 927BG UT WOS:000229166800009 ER PT J AU Ruggerone, GT Farley, E Nielsen, J Hagen, P AF Ruggerone, GT Farley, E Nielsen, J Hagen, P TI Seasonal marine growth of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) in relation to competition with Asian pink salmon (O-gorbuscha) and the 1977 ocean regime shift SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC NORTH PACIFIC; ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS; ANNULUS FORMATION; BERING SEA; CLIMATE; ALASKA; GULF; VARIABILITY; SCALES; LIFE AB Recent research demonstrated significantly lower growth and survival of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) during odd-numbered years of their second or third years at sea (1975, 1977, etc.), a trend that was opposite that of Asian pink salmon (O. gorbuscha) abundance. Here we evaluated seasonal growth trends of Kvichak and Egegik river sockeye salmon (Bristol Bay stocks) during even- and odd-numbered years at sea by measuring scale circuli increments within each growth zone of each major salmon age group between 1955 and 2000. First year scale growth was not significantly different between odd- and even-numbered years, but peak growth of age-2. smolts was significantly higher than age-1. smolts. Total second and third year scale growth of salmon was significantly lower during odd- than during even-numbered years. However, reduced scale growth in odd-numbered years began after peak growth in spring and continued through summer and fall even though most pink salmon had left the high seas by late July (10-18% growth reduction in odd vs. even years). The alternating odd and even year growth pattern was consistent before and after the 1977 ocean regime shift. During 1977-2000, when salmon abundance was relatively great, sockeye salmon growth was high during specific seasons compared with that during 1955-1976, that is to say, immediately after entry to Bristol Bay, after peak growth in the first year, during the middle of the second growing season, and during spring of the third season. Growth after the spring peak in the third year at sea was relatively low during 1977-2000. We hypothesize that high consumption rates of prey by pink salmon during spring through mid-July of odd-numbered years, coupled with declining zooplankton biomass during summer and potentially cyclic abundances of squid and other prey, contributed to reduced prey availability and therefore reduced growth of Bristol Bay sockeye salmon during late spring through fall of odd-numbered years. C1 Nat Resources Consultants Inc, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Ruggerone, GT (reprint author), Nat Resources Consultants Inc, 1900 W Nickerson St,Suite 207, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. EM GRuggerone@nrccorp.com NR 51 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 2 BP 355 EP 370 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 927BG UT WOS:000229166800011 ER PT J AU Williams, EH Shertzer, KW AF Williams, EH Shertzer, KW TI Effects of fishing on growth traits: a simulation analysis SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY INVARIANTS; RAPID EVOLUTION; REALIZED HERITABILITY; POECILIA-RETICULATA; GENETIC-VARIATION; AGE; POPULATIONS; SIZE; SELECTION; SALMON AB Fisheries often target individuals based on size. Size-selective fishing can create selection differentials on life-history traits and, when those traits have a genetic basis, may cause evolution. The evolution of life-history traits affects potential yield and sustainability of fishing, and it is therefore an issue for fishery management. Yet fishery managers usually disregard the possibility of evolution, because little guidance is available to predict evolutionary consequences of management strategies. We attempt to provide some generic guidance. We develop an individual-based model of a population with overlapping generations and continuous reproduction. We simulate model populations under size-selective fishing to generate and quantify selection differentials on growth. The analysis comprises a variety of common life-history and fishery characteristics: variability in growth, correlation between von Bertalanffy growth parameters (K and L-infinity), maturity rate, natural mortality rate (M), M/K ratio, duration of spawning season, fishing mortality rate (F), maximum size limit, slope of selectivity curve, age at 50% selectivity, and duration of fishing season. We found that each characteristic affected the magnitude of selection differentials. The most vulnerable stocks were those with a short spawning or fishing season. Under almost all life-history and fishery characteristics examined, selection differentials created by realistic fishing mortality rates are considerable. C1 Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Williams, EH (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Erik.Williams@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 EI 1937-4518 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 2 BP 392 EP 403 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 927BG UT WOS:000229166800014 ER PT J AU Burton, ML Brennan, KJ Munoz, RC Parker, RO AF Burton, ML Brennan, KJ Munoz, RC Parker, RO TI Preliminary evidence of increased spawning aggregations of mutton snapper (Lutjanus analis) at Riley's Hump two years after establishment of the Tortugas South Ecological Reserve SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID PLECTROPOMUS-LEOPARDUS PISCES; EPINEPHELUS-STRIATUS PISCES; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; NASSAU GROUPER; FLORIDA-KEYS; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; LARVAL RECRUITMENT; CORAL TROUT; RED HIND; SERRANIDAE C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Burton, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Michael.Burton@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2005 VL 103 IS 2 BP 404 EP 410 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 927BG UT WOS:000229166800015 ER PT J AU Machkour, N AF Machkour, N TI Magnetic method to characterize the current densities in a breaker arc SO FUSION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 17th Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy CY SEP 14-16, 2004 CL Madison, WI AB The purpose of this research was to use magnetic induction measurements from a low voltage breaker arc, to reconstruct the arc's current densily The measurements were made using Hall effect sensors, which were placed close to, but outside the breaking device. The arc was modelled as a rectangular current sheet, composed of a mix of threadlike current segments and with a current density varying across the propagation direction We found the magnetic induction of the arc is a convolution product of the current density, and a function depending on the breaker geometry and arc model Using deconvolution methods, the current density in the electric ore was determined. The method is used to study the arc behavior into the breaker device Notably, position, arc size, and electric conductivity could all be determined and then used to characterize the arc mode, diffuse or concentrated and study the condition of its mode changing. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Machkour, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8223, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nadia@nist.gov NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER NUCLEAR SOCIETY PI LA GRANGE PK PA 555 N KENSINGTON AVENUE, LA GRANGE PK, IL 60526 USA SN 1536-1055 J9 FUSION SCI TECHNOL JI Fusion Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 47 IS 3 BP 784 EP 789 PG 6 WC Nuclear Science & Technology SC Nuclear Science & Technology GA 911CF UT WOS:000227978200078 ER PT J AU Lai, CT Ehleringer, JR Schauer, AJ Tans, PP Hollinger, DY Paw U, KT Munger, JW Wofsy, SC AF Lai, CT Ehleringer, JR Schauer, AJ Tans, PP Hollinger, DY Paw U, KT Munger, JW Wofsy, SC TI Canopy-scale delta 1(3)C of photosynthetic and respiratory CO2 fluxes: observations in forest biomes across the United States SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE AmeriFlux; C-13 discrimination; carbon dioxide; carbon isotope; net ecosystem exchange; temperate forests ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; STABLE-ISOTOPE; BOREAL FOREST; LONG-TERM; C-13 DISCRIMINATION; TEMPORAL VARIATION; SOIL RESPIRATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST AB The delta(13)C values of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) can be used to partition global patterns of CO2 source/sink relationships among terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems using the inversion technique. This approach is very sensitive to estimates of photosynthetic C-13 discrimination by terrestrial vegetation (Delta(A)), and depends on delta(13)C values of respired CO2 fluxes (delta(13)C(R)). Here we show that by combining two independent data streams - the stable isotope ratios of atmospheric CO2 and eddy-covariance CO2 flux measurements - canopy scale estimates of Delta(A) can be successfully derived in terrestrial ecosystems. We also present the first weekly dataset of seasonal variations in delta(13)C(R) from dominant forest ecosystems in the United States between 2001 and 2003. Our observations indicate considerable summer-time variation in the weekly value of delta(13)C(R) within coniferous forests (4.0 parts per thousand and 5.4 parts per thousand at Wind River Canopy Crane Research Facility and Howland Forest, respectively, between May and September). The monthly mean values of delta(13)C(R) showed a smaller range (2-3 parts per thousand), which appeared to significantly correlate with soil water availability. Values of delta(13)C(R) were less variable during the growing season at the deciduous forest (Harvard Forest). We suggest that the negative correlation between delta(13)C(R) and soil moisture content observed in the two coniferous forests should represent a general ecosystem response to the changes in the distribution of water resources because of climate change. Shifts in delta(13)C(R) and Delta(A) could be of sufficient magnitude globally to impact partitioning calculations of CO2 sinks between oceanic and terrestrial compartments. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. US Forest Serv, NE Res Stn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lai, CT (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 South,1400 East, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM lai@biology.utah.edu RI Hollinger, David/G-7185-2012; Munger, J/H-4502-2013 OI Munger, J/0000-0002-1042-8452 NR 53 TC 46 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 18 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 633 EP 643 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00931.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913UP UT WOS:000228179500010 ER PT J AU Turner, DP Ritts, WD Cohen, WB Maeirsperger, TK Gower, ST Kirschbaum, AA Running, SW Zhao, MS Wofsy, SC Dunn, AL Law, BE Campbell, JL Oechel, WC Kwon, HJ Meyers, TP Small, EE Kurc, SA Gamon, JA AF Turner, DP Ritts, WD Cohen, WB Maeirsperger, TK Gower, ST Kirschbaum, AA Running, SW Zhao, MS Wofsy, SC Dunn, AL Law, BE Campbell, JL Oechel, WC Kwon, HJ Meyers, TP Small, EE Kurc, SA Gamon, JA TI Site-level evaluation of satellite-based global terrestrial gross primary production and net primary production monitoring SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE carbon; FPAR; global; gross primary production; light use efficiency; MODIS; net primary production; satellite remote sensing; scaling; validation ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; AMERICAN DECIDUOUS FORESTS; RADIATION USE EFFICIENCY; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; PONDEROSA PINE; BOREAL FOREST; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SPECIES COMPOSITION; ECOSYSTEM EXCHANGE AB Operational monitoring of global terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) and net primary production (NPP) is now underway using imagery from the satellite-borne Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) sensor. Evaluation of MODIS GPP and NPP products will require site-level studies across a range of biomes, with close attention to numerous scaling issues that must be addressed to link ground measurements to the satellite-based carbon flux estimates. Here, we report results of a study aimed at evaluating MODIS NPP/GPP products at six sites varying widely in climate, land use, and vegetation physiognomy. Comparisons were made for twenty-five 1 km(2) cells at each site, with 8-day averages for GPP and an annual value for NPP. The validation data layers were made with a combination of ground measurements, relatively high resolution satellite data (Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus at similar to 30 m resolution), and process-based modeling. There was strong seasonality in the MODIS GPP at all sites, and mean NPP ranged from 80 g C m(-2) yr(-1) at an arctic tundra site to 550 g C m(-2) yr(-1) at a temperate deciduous forest site. There was not a consistent over- or underprediction of NPP across sites relative to the validation estimates. The closest agreements in NPP and GPP were at the temperate deciduous forest, arctic tundra, and boreal forest sites. There was moderate underestimation in the MODIS products at the agricultural field site, and strong overestimation at the desert grassland and at the dry coniferous forest sites. Analyses of specific inputs to the MODIS NPP/GPP algorithm - notably the fraction of photosynthetically active radiation absorbed by the vegetation canopy, the maximum light use efficiency (LUE), and the climate data - revealed the causes of the over- and underestimates. Suggestions for algorithm improvement include selectively altering values for maximum LUE (based on observations at eddy covariance flux towers) and parameters regulating autotrophic respiration. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Forest Ecol & Management, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Montana, Sch Forestry, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. San Diego State Univ, Global Change Res Grp, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Geol Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Ctr Environm Anal, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. Calif State Univ Los Angeles, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90032 USA. RP Turner, DP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Forest Sci, Peavy Hall 154, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM david.turner@oregonstate.edu RI small, eric/B-4939-2011; Zhao, Maosheng/G-5706-2010; Papuga, Shirley/J-7026-2013; Gamon, John/A-2641-2014; Oechel, Walter/F-9361-2010; Small, eric/K-6007-2015; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; OI Papuga, Shirley/0000-0002-7226-0640; Gamon, John/0000-0002-8269-7723; Oechel, Walter/0000-0002-3504-026X; Law, Beverly/0000-0002-1605-1203 NR 87 TC 178 Z9 195 U1 11 U2 91 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1354-1013 EI 1365-2486 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 11 IS 4 BP 666 EP 684 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2005.00936.x PG 19 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 913UP UT WOS:000228179500013 ER PT J AU Ray, J Morrison, M Hilla, S Dillinger, W Mader, G AF Ray, J Morrison, M Hilla, S Dillinger, W Mader, G TI Geodetic sensitivity to surface meteorological data: 24-h and 6-h observing sessions SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article ID WAVELENGTHS AB Tests have been performed to assess the utility of surface meteorological measurements for improved geodetic performance. Three types of a priori met data are considered: a default global, seasonal model; local met measurements collected at a subset of the test network; output values from a NOAA Forecast Systems Lab assimilation model. A variety of configurations for handling tropospheric parameters in the geodetic solutions is also considered. We find no geodetic advantage in using the measured met data under any test scenario. Differences among the three types of a priori information are generally insignificant, although biases can be introduced when some troposphere parameters are not adjusted. Even when using only a relatively small network (< 100 km) the differences remain minor. When observing sessions are reduced from 24 h to 6 h the increased error due to measurement noise obscures all other effects except for the shortest baselines where some advantage may be achieved by not adjusting troposphere parameters for very close station pairs. C1 Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Ray, J (reprint author), Natl Geodet Survey, 1315 EW Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jimr@ngs.noaa.gov NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD APR PY 2005 VL 9 IS 1 BP 12 EP 20 DI 10.1007/s10291-004-0121-7 PG 9 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 917ZF UT WOS:000228507200002 ER PT J AU Soler, T AF Soler, T TI GPS/GNSS Current Bibliography SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Bibliography C1 NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, NGS 22,1315 E W Highway,Sta 8825, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Tom.Soler@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD APR PY 2005 VL 9 IS 1 BP 67 EP 71 DI 10.1007/s10291-004-01191-1 PG 5 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 917ZF UT WOS:000228507200008 ER PT J AU Kwak, BJ Song, NO Miller, LE AF Kwak, BJ Song, NO Miller, LE TI Performance analysis of exponential backoff SO IEEE-ACM TRANSACTIONS ON NETWORKING LA English DT Article DE backoff algorithm; BEB; exponential backoff; medium access delay; performance analysis; throughput ID STABILITY; PROTOCOLS; ETHERNET; CHANNELS; NUMBER AB New analytical results are given for the performance of the exponential backoff (EB) algorithm. Most available studies on EB focus on the stability of the algorithm and little attention has been paid to the performance analysis of EB. In this paper, we analyze EB and obtain saturation throughput and medium access delay of a packet for a given number of nodes N. The analysis considers the general case of EB with backoff factor r; binary exponential backoff (BEB) algorithm is the special case with r = 2. We also derive the analytical performance of EB with maximum retry limit M (EB-M), a practical version of EB. The accuracy of the analysis is checked against simulation results. C1 Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Taejon 305350, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kwak, BJ (reprint author), Elect & Telecommun Res Inst, Taejon 305350, South Korea. EM bjkwak@etti.re.kr; nsong@etri.re.kr; lmiller@antd.nist.gov NR 17 TC 143 Z9 158 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1063-6692 J9 IEEE ACM T NETWORK JI IEEE-ACM Trans. Netw. PD APR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 2 BP 343 EP 355 DI 10.1109/TNET.2005.845533 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 918RR UT WOS:000228565800010 ER PT J AU Palmer, DR AF Palmer, DR TI Acoustical scattering from constituents of an ocean plume located near a boundary surface SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE isoperimetric inequalities; ocean plumes; Rayleigh scattering ID RAYLEIGH-SCATTERING AB A formalism exists for estimating the intensity recorded by a sonar system due to scattering from a ocean plume of suspended, nonspherical scatterers in the Rayleigh region. In this paper, we extend this framework to include the possibility that the plume is located near a planar ocean boundary. Using the theory of isoperimetric inequalities, bounds are obtained for the magnitude of the scattering amplitude that are independent of shape and the aspect of the individual plume constituents. Two examples are considered to illustrate the application of the analysis: scattering from the particulates that comprise black smoker hydrothermal plumes and scattering from bubbles. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Palmer, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM david.r.palmer@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 4 BP 770 EP 777 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.844309 PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 909TB UT WOS:000227882500010 ER PT J AU So, E Angelo, D Tsuchiyama, T Tadokoro, T Waltrip, BC Nelson, TL AF So, E Angelo, D Tsuchiyama, T Tadokoro, T Waltrip, BC Nelson, TL TI Intercomparison of calibration systems for AC shunts up to audio frequencies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE AC shunt calibration; audio frequency; international comparison AB An intercomparison of calibration systems for ac shunts up to audio frequencies (10 kHz) between the National Research Council of Canada, Japan Electric Meters Inspection Corporation, and the National Institute of Standards and Technology, is presented. The comparison was implemented with a transfer standard of 10 A, 0.1 Omega calculable ac/dc shunt, designed by Japan Electric Meters Inspection Corporation. The results indicate that there are no significant differences in the overall accuracy of calibration systems for ac shunts at frequencies up to 10 kHz in each laboratory. C1 Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. Japan Elect Metres Inspect, Tokyo 1080023, Japan. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP So, E (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. NR 6 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 507 EP 511 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.843418 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400010 ER PT J AU Elmquist, RE Hourdakis, E Jarrett, DG Zimmerman, NM AF Elmquist, RE Hourdakis, E Jarrett, DG Zimmerman, NM TI Direct resistance comparisons from the QHR to 100 M Omega using a cryogenic current comparator SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE Johnson noise; quantum Hall effect; resistance standards; single-electron tunneling ID STANDARD AB Measurements of room-temperature 100 M ohm standard resistors and cryogenic thin-film resistors based directly on a quantized Hall resistance standard have been made with a cryogenic current comparator (CCC) bridge. This 15 496:2 ratio CCC attains a current sensitivity of 10.7 fA/Hz(1/2) in measurements of cryogenic thin-film resistors, without extensive shielding or filtering. A resistive primary winding helps the CCC maintain stability in the presence of external noise. The resistive-winding technique may be useful for the absolute measurement of small currents delivered by single-electron tunneling devices. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Elmquist, RE (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 525 EP 528 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.843330 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400014 ER PT J AU Wang, YC Shields, SH AF Wang, YC Shields, SH TI Improved capacitance measurements with respect to a 1-pF cross-capacitor from 200 to 2000 Hz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE capacitance; cross-capacitor; farad; frequency dependence; fused-silica capacitor ID FREQUENCY-DEPENDENCE; STANDARDS AB This paper describes frequency dependence measurements of fused-silica capacitance standards from 200 to 2000 Hz, using a 1-pF cross-capacitor as the reference. The measured frequency dependence of fused-silica capacitors was found to vary significantly, ranging from a change of less than 0.2 mu F/F for one standard to a change of 0.8 mu F/F for another over the frequency range. Increasing capacitances with decreasing frequency from 1592 Hz for all tested fused-silica capacitors indicates that dielectric relaxation due to dielectric bulk and/or interfacial defects is the dominant source of frequency dependence. The relative combined standard uncertainty at 200 Hz (the largest in the frequency range) is 0.07 mu F/F, which is smaller by about a factor of three than the uncertainty reported previously from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). C1 NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, YC (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 542 EP 545 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.843317 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400018 ER PT J AU Witt, TJ Tang, YH AF Witt, TJ Tang, YH TI Investigations of noise in measurements of electronic voltage standards SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE 1/f noise; noise measurement; quantization; semiconductor noise; spectral analysis; white noise; Zener diodes AB We have investigated noise in measurements of the 10 V outputs of electronic voltage standards based on Zener diode references (Zeners). Zener outputs were compared to NIST Josephson standards using a digital voltmeter (DVM) to measure voltage differences. Because of the presence of serially correlated noise, the data were analyzed by calculating estimated Allan variances which were then used to determine the parameters of a power law model including white and 1 / f noise. In many cases, the modeled Allan variances agree well with the estimated values over a wide range of sampling times. In all, we have estimated the 1 / f noise floor for 25 Zeners of three types. We examined the impact on noise measurements of changes of the range of the DVM and of quantization of the recorded voltages by the DVM. We conclude that there is strong evidence of the presence of a high level of white noise in Zeners. C1 Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. RP Witt, TJ (reprint author), Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 567 EP 570 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.843096 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400024 ER PT J AU Chong, Y Burroughs, CJ Dresselhaus, PD Hadacek, N Yamamori, H Benz, SP AF Chong, Y Burroughs, CJ Dresselhaus, PD Hadacek, N Yamamori, H Benz, SP TI 2.6-V high-resolution programmable josephson voltage standard circuits using double-stacked MOSi2-barrier junctions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE Josephson arrays; quantization; standards; superconductor-normal-superconductor (SNS) ID ARRAYS AB Using a new circuit design and double-stacked junction technology we have demonstrated fully functional high-resolution programmable voltage standard chips with 67 410 junctions that operate up to a maximum output voltage of 2.6 V. The circuit uses double-stacked junctions, where two junctions are fabricated in each stack, in order to increase the output voltage. We have also improved the voltage resolution at fixed frequencies 16-fold by using a circuit optimized for three voltage states and 128-fold below 2 V by oppositely biasing two large arrays whose junction counts differ by a single stack. These circuits operate over a frequency range from 14 GHz to 19 GHz with a 2-mA maximum operating current range. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Benz, SP (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM benz@boulder.nist.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 616 EP 619 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.843080 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400036 ER PT J AU Ishizaki, M Yamamori, H Shoji, A Dresselhaus, PD Benz, SP AF Ishizaki, M Yamamori, H Shoji, A Dresselhaus, PD Benz, SP TI Programmable Josephson voltage standard circuits using arrays of NbN/TiN/NbN/TiN/NbN double-junction stacks operated at 10 K SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE double-junction stack; Josephson junction; microwave; voltage standard AB Programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) circuits using arrays of NbN/TiN/NbN/TiN/NbN double-junction stacks were fabricated and operated at a temperature of 10 K. Four arrays each with 32 768 junctions produced expected voltage outputs when driven at (10, 15, 17, and 20) GHz with an operating current range of 0.2-1.0 mA. Another circuit showed constant-voltage steps at +/- 6 V when driven with an 11 GHz microwave bias, indicating that over 260 000 junctions were operating properly. This circuit did not show constant-voltage steps when driven with a 19 GHz microwave bias, which was the design frequency to achieve +/- 10 V output voltage. C1 Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ishizaki, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 620 EP 623 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.843068 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400037 ER PT J AU Burroughs, CJ Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Chong, Y AF Burroughs, CJ Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Chong, Y TI Precision measurements of AC Josephson voltage standard operating margins SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE AC measurements; AC voltage standard; Josephson arrays; Josephson devices ID WAVE-FORM SYNTHESIS; JUNCTION ARRAYS AB Recent advances in circuit design and fabrication of superconducting integrated circuits have enabled us to demonstrate an ac Josephson voltage standard (ACJVS) that generates both ac and dc waveforms up to 242-mV peak voltage. Using a Fast Fourier Transform spectrum analyzer and an ac-dc transfer standard, we characterize ACJVS operating margins by performing "flat-spot" measurements at the level of a part in 10(6) for all eight bias parameters. By verifying that every bias parameter has a "flat-spot" (i.e., a range of bias values over which the measured ACJVS output is precisely constant), we demonstrate that all Josephson junctions on the chip are operating properly. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Burroughs, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM burroughs@boulder.nist-gov NR 8 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 624 EP 627 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.843070 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400038 ER PT J AU Nam, SW Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Burroughs, CJ Tew, WL White, DR Martinis, JM AF Nam, SW Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Burroughs, CJ Tew, WL White, DR Martinis, JM TI Progress on Johnson noise thermometry using a quantum voltage noise source for calibration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE correlation; digital-analog conversion; frequency control; frequency synthesizers; Josephson junction arrays; noise; quantization; signal synthesis; standards; superconducting microwave devices; superconductor-normal-superconductor devices; temperature; temperature measurement; voltage control AB We describe our progress toward a high-precision measurement of temperature using Johnson noise. Using a quantized voltage noise source (QVNS) based on the Josephson effect as a calculable noise source, we have been able to measure the ratio of the gallium and water triple-point temperatures to within an accuracy better than 100 mu K/K. We also describe the operation of our Johnson noise thermometry system that could be used as a primary thermometer and possible sources of error that limit our absolute temperature measurements to similar to 150 mu K/K. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Measurement Stand Lab, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Nam, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 653 EP 657 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.843574 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400045 ER PT J AU Hof, C Jeanneret, B Eichenberger, A Overney, F Keller, MW Dalberth, MJ AF Hof, C Jeanneret, B Eichenberger, A Overney, F Keller, MW Dalberth, MJ TI Manipulating single electrons with a seven-junction pump SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE accuracy; Coulomb blockade; electrical metrology; electron pump; electron transistor; single-electron devices ID CAPACITANCE STANDARD; COUNTING ELECTRONS AB In this paper, the operation of a seven-junction electron pump is presented. To characterize the pump, a single-electron tunneling transistor capacitively coupled to the pump was used. With this device, single electrons were manipulated one at a time. By performing electron pumping at a frequency of 1 MHz, an error rate of (4 +/- 1) x 10(-5) was determined. This preliminary result is a solid milestone on the way to the capacitance standard presently under development at the Swiss Federal Office of Metrology and Accreditation. C1 Swiss Fed Off Metrol & Accreditat, METAS, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hof, C (reprint author), Swiss Fed Off Metrol & Accreditat, METAS, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. RI Eichenberger, Ali/J-3073-2012 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 670 EP 672 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.843066 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400049 ER PT J AU Wiatr, W Walker, DK AF Wiatr, W Walker, DK TI Systematic errors of noise parameter determination caused by imperfect source impedance measurement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE amplifiers; error analysis; microwave field-effect transistors; modeling; network analyzer; noise; parameter estimation; residual errors ID MICROWAVE DEVICES AB We present a rigorous two-step analysis of systematic errors in the four-noise parameter determination of a two-port network using the cold-source technique. This analysis is based on an original model that accounts for residual errors in the source impedance measurement. The method employs two linear fractional transforms to decompose the errors into relevant factor sets affecting the parameters in different ways. Analyses performed for a low-noise pseudomorphic high-electron mobility transistor (PHEMT) and a microwave amplifier show that the noise parameters of the low-noise PHENIT are highly vulnerable to such errors. C1 Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00665 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Wiatr, W (reprint author), Warsaw Univ Technol, PL-00665 Warsaw, Poland. EM wiatr@ise.pw.edu.pl; D.Walker@nist.boulder.gov RI Wiatr, Wojciech/G-4127-2013 NR 16 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 696 EP 700 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.843534 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400056 ER PT J AU Ma, LS Bi, ZY Bartels, A Robertsson, L Zucco, M Windeler, RS Wilpers, G Oates, C Hollberg, L Diddams, SA AF Ma, LS Bi, ZY Bartels, A Robertsson, L Zucco, M Windeler, RS Wilpers, G Oates, C Hollberg, L Diddams, SA TI International comparisons of femtosecond laser frequency combs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE femtosecond laser; frequency measurement; frequency standards ID BROAD-BAND CONTINUUM; REPETITION RATE; GENERATION; STANDARDS; NM; OSCILLATOR; STABILITY AB Two types of international comparisons of femtosecond laser frequency combs have been performed in France and the USA. Five combs were involved in the comparisons. Three combs, of which two are transportable, employ nonlinear photonic crystal fiber (PCF) to obtain a wide spectrum covering a full optical octave. The other two are based on broadband femtosecond lasers and require no PCF. The comparisons were performed by counting the optical heterodyne beats between pairs of combs. The frequency agreement among three combs was at the subhertz level in the 563 THz part of the comb spectrum when the combs were referenced to a hydrogen maser. When the combs were referenced to an optical standard, the frequency agreement among four combs was much improved and found to be at the similar to 10(-19) level in the spectral range of 333-473 THz. The fact that this result is obtained by five independent measurement systems (combs) strengthens the conclusion that no systematic effects are present at this level. C1 Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OFS Labs, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. RP Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Pavillon Breteuil, F-92312 Sevres, France. EM lsma@phy.ecnu.edu.cn RI Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 21 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 746 EP 749 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.843580 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400068 ER PT J AU Laiz, H Wunsch, TF Kinard, JR Lipe, TE AF Laiz, H Wunsch, TF Kinard, JR Lipe, TE TI 1-A and-120 mA thin-film multijunction thermal converters SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE AC-DC difference; current converter; thermal converter; thermal current converter; thermoelement AB We report on the development of thin-film multijunction thermal converters for the measurement of ac currents up to 10 A without relying on parallel current shunts. The materials and designs chosen for these devices have been optimized to provide high accuracy over a wide range of input levels and frequencies. Preliminary measurements on a 10-A chip made with a copper-gold heater indicate that its ac-dc difference is nearly zero from 10 Hz to 100 kHz, and that the ac-dc difference is independent of input current level. C1 Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, INTI, RA-1650 San Martin, Argentina. Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Laiz, H (reprint author), Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, INTI, RA-1650 San Martin, Argentina. NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 803 EP 806 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.843354 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400082 ER PT J AU Heavner, TP Jefferts, SR Donley, EA Shirley, JH Parker, TE AF Heavner, TP Jefferts, SR Donley, EA Shirley, JH Parker, TE TI Recent improvements in NIST-F1 and a resulting accuracy of delta f/f=0.61x10(-15) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE atomic clocks; cesium; standards; time measurement ID UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION; CLOCKS; CSF1 AB Over the last several years, we have made many improvements to N1ST-F1 (a laser-cooled cesium fountain primary frequency standard) resulting in nearly a factor of 2 reduction in the uncertainty in the realization of the SI second at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. We recently submitted an evaluation with a combined standard fractional uncertainty of 0.61 x 10(-15) to the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM). The total fractional uncertainty of the evaluation (including dead time and time transfer contributions) was 0.88 x 10(-15). This is the smallest uncertainty in a frequency standard yet submitted to the BIPM. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 10 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 842 EP 845 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.843812 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400091 ER PT J AU Steiner, RL Newell, DB Williams, ER Liu, RM Gournay, P AF Steiner, RL Newell, DB Williams, ER Liu, RM Gournay, P TI The NIST project for the Electronic Realization of the Kilogram SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE current measurement; displacement measurement; electric variables measurement; electromagnetic measurements; force measurement; laser measurement applications; magnetic field measurement; measurement standards; measurement units; power measurement; velocity measurement; voltage measurement AB The project Electronic Realization of the Kilogram has rebuilt the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) watt balance, which has been fully operational for nine months. Short-term noise is at an all-time low with overnight runs exhibiting standard deviations of parts in 10(8). Recent improvements are discussed that have led to this enhanced performance, as are several significant error tests. Present watt results (i.e., Planck's constant) are now within 1 mu W/W of CODATA values, but error checking to report a more precise value has not been completed. C1 NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lab Natl DEssais, Bureau Natl Metrol, F-78197 Trappes, France. RP Steiner, RL (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 846 EP 849 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.843577 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400092 ER PT J AU Fujii, K Waseda, A Kuramoto, N Mizushima, S Becker, P Bettin, H Nicolaus, A Kuetgens, U Valkiers, S Taylor, P De Bievre, P Mana, G Massa, E Matyi, R Kessler, EG Hanke, M AF Fujii, K Waseda, A Kuramoto, N Mizushima, S Becker, P Bettin, H Nicolaus, A Kuetgens, U Valkiers, S Taylor, P De Bievre, P Mana, G Massa, E Matyi, R Kessler, EG Hanke, M TI Present state of the Avogadro constant determination from silicon crystals with natural isotopic compositions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE Avogadro constant; density; fundamental physical constant; lattice constant; molar mass; molar volume; silicon crystal ID MOLAR VOLUME; ABSOLUTE MEASUREMENT; LATTICE-PARAMETERS; FLOTATION METHOD; DENSITY; MASS; PRESSURE; SAMPLES AB A determination of the Avogadro constant from two selected silicon single-crystals with natural isotopic compositions is described. The density, molar mass, and lattice spacing of the two crystals were measured at NMIJ, PTB, IRMM, IMGC, and NIST. When all the data are combined, they lead to a value of the Avogadro constant of 6.022 1353 (18) x 10(23) mol(-1) with a relative combined standard uncertainty of 3.1 x 10(-7). C1 NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. PTB, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. IRMM, European Communities JRC, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. IMGC, I-10135 Turin, Italy. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fujii, K (reprint author), NMIJ, AIST Cent 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RI Massa, Enrico/J-2248-2015; Mana, Giovanni/G-9435-2013 OI Massa, Enrico/0000-0002-7764-3106; Mana, Giovanni/0000-0002-4109-7254 NR 30 TC 64 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 854 EP 859 DI 10.1109/TIM.2004.843101 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400094 ER PT J AU Castelletto, S Degiovanni, NP Furno, G Schettini, V Migdall, A Ware, M AF Castelletto, S Degiovanni, NP Furno, G Schettini, V Migdall, A Ware, M TI Two-photon mode preparation and matching efficiency: Definition, measurement, and optimization SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements (CPEM2004) CY JUN 27-JUL 02, 2004 CL London, ENGLAND DE nonlinear media; optical fiber coupling; optical fiber measurement applications; optical propagation in nonlinear media; photon beams ID PARAMETRIC DOWN-CONVERSION AB We investigate the coupling efficiency of parametric downconversion light (PDC) into single and multimode optical fibers as a function of the pump beam diameter, crystal length, and walk-off. We outline two different theoretical models for the preparation and collection of either single-mode or multimode PDC light (defined by, for instance, multimode fibers or apertures). Moreover, we define the mode-matching collection efficiency, important for realizing a single-photon source based on PDC output into a well-defined single mode. We also define a multimode collection efficiency that is useful for single-photon detector calibration applications. C1 Ist Elettrotecnico Nazl Galileo Ferraris, I-10135 Turin, Italy. NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ist Elettrotecnico Nazl Galileo Ferraris, I-10135 Turin, Italy. EM castelle@ien.it RI Castelletto, Stefania/C-7177-2011; castelletto, stefania/G-1516-2011; OI Castelletto, Stefania/0000-0002-8675-2291 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 890 EP 893 DI 10.1109/TIM.2005.843571 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 907VY UT WOS:000227747400102 ER PT J AU Slavin, AN Kabos, P AF Slavin, AN Kabos, P TI Approximate theory of microwave generation in a current-driven magnetic nanocontact magnetized in an arbitrary direction SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic nanocontact; microwave generation; nonlinear spin-wave dynamics; nonlinear spin waves; spin momentum transfer ID ELECTRIC-CURRENT; SPIN-WAVES; MULTILAYER; EXCITATION; FILMS AB We present an approximate nonlinear theory of microwave generation by spin-polarized direct current in a magnetic nanocontact magnetized in an arbitrary direction. We argue that, when the spin-transfer torque caused by spin-polarized current compensates the natural magnetic dissipation in a "free" layer of the nanocontact, a nonlinear quasi-uniform precession of magnetization about the direction of the internal bias magnetic field is excited. With the increase of the current magnitude the angle of precession increases, making precession strongly nonlinear and reducing the projection M. of the precessing magnetization vector on the precession axis (z axis). This reduction of M. is responsible for the nonlinear limitation of the precession amplitude and for the nonlinear frequency shifts of the generated microwave oscillations. Because of the influence of demagnetizing fields in the "free" layer, the nonlinear frequency shifts have different magnitudes and signs for different orientations of the external bias field H.. The theory gives a good qualitative, and even partly quantitative, explanation of the main part of microwave magnetization dynamics experimentally observed in magnetic nanocontacts. C1 Oakland Univ, Dept Phys, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, RF Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Slavin, AN (reprint author), Oakland Univ, Dept Phys, Rochester, MI 48309 USA. NR 21 TC 110 Z9 111 U1 0 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD APR PY 2005 VL 41 IS 4 BP 1264 EP 1273 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.845915 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 916FM UT WOS:000228370800007 ER PT J AU Verspecht, J Williams, DF Schreurs, D Remley, KA McKinley, MD AF Verspecht, J Williams, DF Schreurs, D Remley, KA McKinley, MD TI Linearization of large-signal scattering functions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE frequency translation; large signal; network analysis; nonlinear; scattering parameters; vector signal generator ID S-PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS; TRANSISTORS AB We describe a linearization of large-signal scattering functions describing weakly nonlinear device behavior. The linearization takes on a convenient form similar to scattering parameters that clearly illustrates the role of phase-conjugated mixing products in the theory. We develop rules for the evolution of the linearization with time. We illustrate the theory with transistor measurements and apply the theory to the characterization of the reflection coefficients of a microwave source in its large-signal operating state. C1 Jan Verspecht Bvba, B-1840 Londerzeel, Belgium. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Elect Engn, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Verspecht, J (reprint author), Jan Verspecht Bvba, B-1840 Londerzeel, Belgium. EM contact@janverspecht.com; dylan@boulder.nist.gov; dominique.schreurs@esat.kuleuven.ac.be RI Verspecht, Jan/A-8513-2012 NR 14 TC 32 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1369 EP 1376 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2005.845771 PN 1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 916DM UT WOS:000228365600031 ER PT J AU Williams, DF Hale, PD Clement, TS Morgan, JM AF Williams, DF Hale, PD Clement, TS Morgan, JM TI Calibrated 200-GHz waveform measurement SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE electrooptic sampling (EOS); mismatch correction; on-wafer measurement; temporal waveform measurement AB We develop a method for mismatch-correcting temporal waveforms measured with a high-speed electrooptic sampling system to 200 GHz. The new calibration determines a complete equivalent-circuit model describing the source in both the time and frequency domains with uncertainties, and accounts for all impedances and multiple reflections in the measurement system. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dylan@boulder.nist.gov RI Clement, Tracy/A-8885-2008; Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 13 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD APR PY 2005 VL 53 IS 4 BP 1384 EP 1389 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2005.845760 PN 1 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 916DM UT WOS:000228365600033 ER PT J AU Steffens, KL Sobolewski, MA AF Steffens, KL Sobolewski, MA TI 2-d imaging of temperature in CF4 plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fluorocarbon; imaging optical spectroscopy; planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF); plasmas; temperature AB Two-dimensional maps of rotational temperature were determined in CF4 plasmas using planar laser-induced fluorescence of CF. Experiments were performed in a capacitively-coupled, parallel plate plasma reactor at pressures from 26.7 Pa (200 mtorr) to 107 Pa (800 mtorr) and powers of 10-30 W. Temperatures, which ranged from 273 K +/- 15 K to 480 K +/- 15 K, increased with pressure and power and were fairly axially symmetric with radial gradients. Temperature gradients, such as those observed here, can have a strong impact on density measurements that probe a single rotational level, as well as on reaction rate constants and interpretation of density gradients. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Steffens, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kristen.steffens@nist.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 370 EP 371 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.845310 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916ST UT WOS:000228407100074 ER PT J AU Curry, JJ Sansonetti, CJ AF Curry, JJ Sansonetti, CJ TI X-ray absorption imaging of high-pressure lighting plasmas SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PLASMA SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE arc discharges; density measurement; lamp; light sources; mercury; synchrotron radiation; x-ray imaging; x-rays ID ARC AB X-ray absorption has been used to image the distribution of mercury (Hg) in high-pressure are lamps used for lighting. Here, several images are presented showing the analytic transformation of raw X-ray data into an image of the Hg vapor density in a cylindrically symmetric arc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Curry, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jjcurry@nist.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0093-3813 J9 IEEE T PLASMA SCI JI IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 2 BP 514 EP 515 DI 10.1109/TPS.2005.845326 PN 1 PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA 916ST UT WOS:000228407100146 ER PT J AU Herold, ND Haack, BN Solomon, E AF Herold, ND Haack, BN Solomon, E TI Radar spatial considerations for land cover extraction SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; CROP CLASSIFICATION; IMAGERY; FEATURES AB One of the more recent developments in operational space-borne remote sensing is the availability of radar. A disadvantage of currently available space-borne radar is that data are almost entirely single wavelength and single polarization, limiting the ability to do traditional digital classification. Frequently radar-derived values such as texture and combinations of these radar-derived values with the original radar or optical data can improve digital classification accuracies. Various radar spatial components including texture, texture window size, speckle reduction and post-classification filtering can have significant impact on classification. This study examined these various spatial components of space-borne radar for feature identification in two sites in East Africa and one in Nepal. Relative accuracy of the resultant classifications was established by digital integration and comparison to ground reference information derived from field visitation. The extraction and use of these techniques, particularly texture, were found to be advantageous. There were, however, differences from site to site as to which technique was most effective. C1 George Mason Univ, Dept Geog, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NOAA, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. State Alaska Div Wildlife Conservat, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Haack, BN (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Geog, MSN 1E2, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM bhaack@gmu.edu NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD APR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 7 BP 1383 EP 1401 DI 10.1080/01431160512331337998 PG 19 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 924CY UT WOS:000228957500007 ER PT J AU Straka, JM Mansell, ER AF Straka, JM Mansell, ER TI A bulk microphysics parameterization with multiple ice precipitation categories SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATED CONVECTIVE STORMS; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; PARTICLE CONCENTRATIONS; PHASE MICROPHYSICS; CLOUD MODEL; DEGREES-C; SCHEME; GROWTH; THUNDERSTORM AB A single-moment bulk microphysics scheme with multiple ice precipitation categories is described. It has 2 liquid hydrometeor categories (cloud droplets and rain) and 10 ice categories that are characterized by habit. size. and density-two ice crystal habits (column and plate), rimed cloud ice, snow (ice crystal aggregates), three categories of graupel with different densities and intercepts, frozen drops, small hail, and large hail. The concept of riming history is implemented for conversions among the graupel and frozen drops categories. The multiple precipitation ice categories allow a range of particle densities and fall velocities for simulating a variety of convective storms with minimal parameter tuning. The scheme is applied to two cases-an idealized continental multicell storm that demonstrates the ice precipitation process, and a small Florida maritime storm in which the warm rain process is important. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM mansell@ou.edu NR 76 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 BP 445 EP 466 DI 10.1175/JAM2211.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 924JP UT WOS:000228975400004 ER PT J AU Ryzhkov, AV Giangrande, SE Schuur, TJ AF Ryzhkov, AV Giangrande, SE Schuur, TJ TI Rainfall estimation with a polarimetric prototype of WSR-88D SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; DISTRIBUTIONS; DISDROMETER; WAVELENGTH; RAINDROPS; SHAPE AB As part of the Joint Polarization Experiment (JPOLE), the National Severe Storms Laboratory conducted an operational demonstration of the polarimetric utility of the Norman, Oklahoma (KOUN), Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D). The capability of the KOUN radar to estimate rainfall is tested on a large dataset representing different seasons and different types of rain. A dense gauge network-the Agricultural Research Service (ARS) Micronet-is used to validate different polarimetric algorithms for rainfall estimation. One-hour rain totals are estimated from the KOUN radar using conventional and polarimetric algorithms and are compared with hourly accumulations measured by the gauges. Both point and areal rain estimates are examined. A new "synthetic" rainfall algorithm has been developed for rainfall estimation. The use of the synthetic polarimetric algorithm results in significant reduction in the rms errors of hourly rain estimates when compared with the conventional nonpolarimetric relation: 1.7 times for point measurements and 3.7 times for areal rainfall measurements. C1 Univ Oklahoma, NSSL, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Ryzhkov, AV (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, NSSL, CIMMS, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM alexander.ryzhkov@noaa.gov RI Giangrande, Scott/I-4089-2016 OI Giangrande, Scott/0000-0002-8119-8199 NR 28 TC 107 Z9 111 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 BP 502 EP 515 DI 10.1175/JAM2213.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 924JP UT WOS:000228975400008 ER PT J AU Zhang, SW Qiu, CJ Xu, Q AF Zhang, SW Qiu, CJ Xu, Q TI Comments on "estimating soil water contents from soil temperature measurements by using an adaptive Kalman filter" - Reply SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Lanzhou Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou, Gansu, Peoples R China. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 BP 551 EP 552 DI 10.1175/JAM2216.1 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 924JP UT WOS:000228975400012 ER PT J AU Racette, PE Westwater, ER Han, Y Gasiewski, AJ Klein, M Cimini, D Jones, DC Manning, W Kim, EJ Wang, JR Leuski, V Kiedron, P AF Racette, PE Westwater, ER Han, Y Gasiewski, AJ Klein, M Cimini, D Jones, DC Manning, W Kim, EJ Wang, JR Leuski, V Kiedron, P TI Measurement of low amounts of precipitable water vapor using ground-based millimeterwave radiometry SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE RADIOMETERS; IMAGING RADIOMETER; CLOUD LIQUID; RAMAN LIDAR; RETRIEVAL; RADIOSONDE; HUMIDITY; TEMPERATURE; CALIBRATION; TROPOSPHERE AB Extremely dry conditions characterized by amounts of precipitable water vapor (PWV) as low as 1-2 turn commonly occur in high-latitude regions during the winter months. While such dry atmospheres carry only a few percent of the latent heat energy compared to tropical atmospheres, the effects of low vapor amounts on the polar radiation budget-both directly through modulation of longwave radiation and indirectly through the formation of clouds-are considerable. Accurate measurements of PWV during such dry conditions are needed to improve polar radiation models for use in understanding and predicting change in the climatically sensitive polar regions. To this end, the strong water-vapor absorption line at 183.310 GHz provides a unique means of measuring low amounts of PWV. Weighting function analysis, forward model calculations based upon a 7-yr radiosonde dataset, and retrieval simulations consistently predict that radiometric measurements made using several milliimeter-wavelength (MMW) channels near the 183-GHz line, together with established microwave (MW) measurements near the 22.235-GHz water-vapor line and similar to 31-GHz atmospheric absorption window can be used to determine within 5% uncertainty the full range of PWV expected in the Arctic. This combined capability stands in spite of accuracy limitations stemming from uncertainties due to the sensitivity of the vertical distribution of temperature and water vapor at MMW channels. In this study the potential of MMW radiornetry using the 183-GHz line for measuring low amounts of PWV is demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally. The study uses data obtained during March 1999 as part of an experiment conducted at the Department of Energy's Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) site near Barrow, Alaska. Several radiometers from both NOAA and NASA were deployed during the experiment to provide the first combined MMW and MW ground-based dataset during dry Arctic conditions. Single-channel retrievals of PWV were performed using the MW and MMW data. Discrepancies in the retrieved values were found to be consistent with differences observed between measured brightness temperatures (TBs) and forward-niodeled TBs based on concurrent radiosonde profiles. These discrepancies are greater than can be explained by radiometer measurement error alone; errors in the absorption models and uncertainty in the radiosonde measurements contribute to the discrepancies observed. The measurements, retrieval technique, and line model discrepancies are discussed, along with difficulties and potential of MMW/MW PWV measurement. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Aquila, CETEMPS, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. SUNY Albany, Univ Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Racette, PE (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Mail Code 555, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Paul.E.Racette@nasa.gov RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Cimini, Domenico/M-8707-2013 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Cimini, Domenico/0000-0002-5962-223X NR 55 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 4 BP 317 EP 337 DI 10.1175/JTECH1711.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 928QU UT WOS:000229287600001 ER PT J AU Cao, CY Xu, H Sullivan, J McMillin, L Ciren, P Hou, YT AF Cao, CY Xu, H Sullivan, J McMillin, L Ciren, P Hou, YT TI Intersatellite radiance biases for the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounders (HIRS) on board NOAA-15,-16, and-17 from simultaneous nadir observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; CHANNELS; SATELLITE; TEMPERATURE; TROPOSPHERE AB Intersatellite radiance comparisons for the 19 infrared channels of the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounders (HIRS) on board NOAA-15, -16, and -17 are performed with simultaneous nadir observations at the orbital intersections of the satellites in the polar regions, where each pair of the HIRS views the same earth target within a few seconds. Analysis of such datasets from 2000 to 2003 reveals unambiguous intersatellite radiance differences as well as calibration anomalies. The results show that in general, the intersatellite relative biases are less than 0.5 K for most HIRS channels. The large biases in different channels differ in both magnitude and sign, and are likely to be caused by the differences and measurement uncertainties in the HIRS spectral response functions. The seasonal bias variation in the stratosphere channels is found to be highly correlated with the lapse rate factor approximated by the channel radiance differences. The method presented in this study works particularly well for channels sensing the stratosphere because of the relative spatial uniformity and stability of the stratosphere, for which the intercalibration accuracy and precision are mostly limited by the instrument noise. This method is simple and robust, and the results are highly repeatable and unambiguous. Intersatellite radiance calibration with this method is very useful for the on-orbit verification and monitoring of instrument performance, and is potentially useful for constructing long-term time series for climate studies. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, SMCD,Sensor Phys Branch, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. IMSG Inc, Kensington, MD USA. QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD USA. NOAA, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, SMCD,Sensor Phys Branch, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 701, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM changyong.cao@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Ciren, Pubu/E-6542-2011; Xu, Hui/F-5635-2010 OI Xu, Hui/0000-0002-0917-6526 NR 22 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 4 BP 381 EP 395 DI 10.1175/JTECH1713.1 PG 15 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 928QU UT WOS:000229287600005 ER PT J AU Meinen, CS AF Meinen, CS TI Temporal sampling: How many sections are needed to quantify the mean transport and structure of a meandering current? SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; GULF-STREAM; CURRENT SOUTH; ABSOLUTE VELOCITY; INVERSE MODEL; CIRCULATION; AUSTRALIA; FIELD; 68-DEGREES-W AB Two years of observations from an array of 16 inverted echo sounders deployed south of Australia near 51 degrees S, 143.5 degrees E are combined with hydrographic observations from the region to estimate the differences in barochnic transport, as well as temperature and velocity structure, that result from trying to estimate the true mean using a limited number of snapshot sections. The results of a Monte Carlo-type simulation suggest that over a 350-km distance, completely spanning the Subantarctic Front (SAF) at most times, a minimum of six temporally independent sections would be required to determine the baroclinic transport mean (surface to 4000 db) of the observed 2-yr period to within an accuracy of 10% when the sections are averaged in either an Eulerian (geographic) or stream coordinates manner. However, even with 10 sections during a 2-yr period the details of the mean velocity and temperature structures obtained can be quite different than the "true" 2-yr mean structure, regardless of whether the sections are averaged in either Eulerian or stream coordinates. It is estimated that at least 20 independent sections would be required during a 2-yr period in order to determine the baroclinic velocity structure to within an accuracy of 10%, irrespective of whether they are averaged in Eulerian or stream coordinates. Implications for future sainpling strategies and for inverse modeling analyses are discussed. C1 Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Meinen, CS (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, PHOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Christopher.Meinen@noaa.gov RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 4 BP 476 EP 489 DI 10.1175/JTECH1714.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 928QU UT WOS:000229287600012 ER PT J AU Qasim, T Bush, MB Hu, XZ Lawn, BR AF Qasim, T Bush, MB Hu, XZ Lawn, BR TI Contact damage in brittle coating layers: Influence of surface curvature SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE curved surfaces; radial cracks; contact damage; brittle layers; crown failure ID CERAMIC DENTAL RESTORATIONS; PORCELAIN/PD-ALLOY BILAYERS; RADIAL CRACKING; FRACTURE MODES; DESIGN; SURVIVAL; TOOTH; PERFORMANCE; STRENGTH; MODULUS AB Fracture from indentation by a hard sphere on bilayer systems composed of curved brittle coating layers on compliant polymeric substrates is investigated, in simulation of dental crown structures. Glass plates 1 mm thick are used as representative of enamel/crown layers, and epoxy filler substrates as representative of support dentin. Specimens with curved surfaces are prepared by pressing the glass plates onto steel sphere dies with radius of curvature down to 4 mm, to reflect common occlusal geometries. The influence of curvature on the conditions to initiate and propagate subsurface "radial" cracks, widely believed to be the principal failure mode in ceramic-based dental crowns, is studied. Finite element calculations are used to evaluate stress states in the specimens. It is shown that surface curvature can play an important role in the radial crack evolution, initially by inhibiting initiation but subsequently, in the case of convex curvature, by strongly enhancing propagation to failure. Implications concerning the design of ceramic-based dental crowns are considered. (c) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech Engn, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.lawn@nist.gov RI Hu, Xiaozhi /H-4353-2011 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE10976] NR 30 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4973 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD APR PY 2005 VL 73B IS 1 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.30188 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 912KE UT WOS:000228076000024 PM 15625677 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Song, JK Lawn, BR AF Zhang, Y Song, JK Lawn, BR TI Deep-penetrating conical cracks in brittle layers from hydraulic cyclic contact SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE biomechanical ceramics; cone cracks; contact damage; cyclic fatigue; fracture modes; hydraulic fracture; glass ID HERTZIAN FRACTURE; BIOMECHANICAL APPLICATIONS; STATIC FATIGUE; DAMAGE MODES; INDENTATION; CERAMICS; STRENGTH; COATINGS; DESIGN; GLASS AB A study is made of fracture from cyclic loading of WC spheres on the top surfaces of thick (1 mm) brittle layers on polymeric substrates, as representative of repetitive occlusal contact on dental crown structures. The advantage of glass layers is that internal cracks can be followed in situ during the entire cyclic loading process. The glass surfaces are first given a surface-abrasion treatment to control the flaw state, such that the strengths match those of dental porcelains. Cyclic contact tests are carried out at prescribed maximum loads and frequencies, in water. In addition to conventional cone cracks that form outside the contact circle, additional, inner cone cracks form within the contact in the water environment. These inner cones are observed only in cyclic loading in water and are accelerated at higher frequencies, indicating a strong mechanical driving force. They tend to initiate after the outer cones, but subsequently catch up and penetrate much more rapidly and deeply, ultimately intersecting the underlying coating/substrate interface. Comparative tests on glass/polymer bilayers versus monolithic glass, in cyclic versus static loading, in water versus air environment, on abraded versus etched surfaces, and with glass instead of WC indenters, confirm the existence of a dominant mechanical element in the inner-cone crack evolution. It is suggested that the source of the mechanical driving force is hydraulic pressure from intrusion and entrapment of liquid in surface fissures at the closing contact interface. This new type of cone cracking may limit dental crown veneer lifetimes under occlusal fatigue conditions, especially in thicker layers, where competing modes-such as undersurface radial cracks-are suppressed. (c) 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.lawn@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE10976] NR 39 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4973 EI 1552-4981 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD APR PY 2005 VL 73B IS 1 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.30195 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 912KE UT WOS:000228076000025 PM 15672403 ER PT J AU Graves, S Meleson, K Wilking, J Lin, MY Mason, TG AF Graves, S Meleson, K Wilking, J Lin, MY Mason, TG TI Structure of concentrated nanoemulsions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; EMULSIONS; SPHERES; PHASE; SUSPENSIONS; FLUID; POLYMERIZATION; POLYDISPERSITY; DYNAMICS; COLLOIDS AB We use extreme shear to create a dispersion of nanoscale droplets of silicone oil in an immiscible water phase containing an anionic surfactant sodium dodecylsulfate. Using centrifugal size fractionation, we obtain nanoemulsions having a well-defined average radius of a=75 nm. We measure the structure of concentrated nanoemulsions over a wide range of volume fractions, 0 2000 m deep, indicating that their distribution is not restricted to shallow continental shelves. 5. North Pacific right whale sightings through the centuries have been associated with a variety of oceanic features, and there is little in common in the bathymetry of these regions. These whales appear to have a greater pelagic distribution than that observed in the North Atlantic, which may be related to the availability of larger copepods across the SEBS and GOA. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal LAb, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal LAb, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kim.shelden@noaa.gov NR 99 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0305-1838 EI 1365-2907 J9 MAMMAL REV JI Mammal Rev. PD APR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 129 EP 155 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2907.2005.00065.x PG 27 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 928OM UT WOS:000229281200001 ER PT J AU Simpkins, MA Laidre, KL Heagerty, PJ AF Simpkins, MA Laidre, KL Heagerty, PJ TI Multivariate regression of satellite-linked dive recorder data: Simultaneous analysis of all bins SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE harbor seal; Phoca vitulina; satellite telemetry; diving behavior; multivariate regression; generalized estimating equations ID NARWHALS MONODON-MONOCEROS; SEALS PHOCA-LARGHA; DIVING BEHAVIOR; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; CORRELATED DATA; HARBOR SEALS; CHUKCHI SEAS; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS; WHALES AB Statistical analysis of diving behavior data collected from satellite-linked dive recorders (SDRs) can be challenging because: (1) the data are binned into several depth and time categories, (2) the data from individual animals are often temporally autocorrelated, (3) random variation between individuals is common, and (4) the number of dives can be correlated among depth bins. Previous analyses often have ignored one or more of these statistical issues. In addition, previous SDR studies have focused on univariate analyses of index variables, rather than multivariate analyses of data from all depth bins. We describe multivariate analysis of SDR data using generalized estimating equations (GEE) and demonstrate the method using SDR data from harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) monitored in Prince William Sound, Alaska between 1992 and 1997. Multivariate regression provides greater opportunities for scientific inference than univariate methods, particularly in terms of depth resolution. In addition, empirical variance estimation makes GEE models somewhat easier to implement than other techniques that explicitly model all of the relevant components of variance. However, valid use of empirical variance estimation requires an adequate sample size of individual animals. C1 US Marine Mammal Commiss, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. NOAA Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Biostat, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Simpkins, MA (reprint author), US Marine Mammal Commiss, 4340 EW Highway,Suite 905, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. EM msimpkins@mmc.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 243 EP 259 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2005.tb01226.x PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 918TJ UT WOS:000228570200004 ER PT J AU Mills, IM Mohr, PJ Quinn, TJ Taylor, BN Williams, ER AF Mills, IM Mohr, PJ Quinn, TJ Taylor, BN Williams, ER TI Redefinition of the kilogram: a decision whose time has come SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS; AVOGADRO CONSTANT; BASE UNITS; DEFINITION; SI; STANDARDS; MASS AB The kilogram, the base unit of mass in the International System of Units (SI), is defined as the mass m (K) of the international prototype of the kilogram. Clearly, this definition has the effect of fixing the value of m (K) to be one kilogram exactly. In this paper, we review the benefits that accrue would if the kilogram were redefined so as to fix the value of either the Planck constant h or the Avogadro constant N-A Instead of m (K), without waiting for the experiments to determine h or N-A currently underway to reach their desired relative standard uncertainty of about 10(-8). A significant reduction in the uncertainties of the SI values of many other fundamental constants would result from either of these new definitions, at the expense of making the mass m (K) of the international prototype a quantity whose value would have to be determined by experiment. However, by assigning a conventional value to m (K), the present highly precise worldwide uniformity of mass standards could still be retained. The advantages of redefining the kilogram immediately outweigh any apparent disadvantages, and we review the alternative forms that a new definition might take. C1 Univ Reading, Dept Chem, Reading, Berks RG6 6AD, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Bur Int Poids & Mesures, F-92312 Sevres, France. RP Mills, IM (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Chem, Reading, Berks RG6 6AD, England. EM i.m.mills@readina.ac.uk; mohr@nist.gov; terry.quinn@physics.org; barry.taylor@nist.qov; edwin.williams@nist.gov NR 23 TC 124 Z9 140 U1 0 U2 8 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1088/0026/1394-42/2/001 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 926OL UT WOS:000229132400002 ER PT J AU Yoon, HW Allen, DW Saunders, RD AF Yoon, HW Allen, DW Saunders, RD TI Methods to reduce the size-of-source eitect in radiometers SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID ITS-90 AB In radiometry, photometry and radiation thermometry, accurate measurements of the radiance, luminance or the radiance temperatures of sources requires a knowledge of the contribution from the surroundings to the measured signal from the target area. The dependence of the radiometer or the radiation thermometer on the area surrounding the target area is described as the size-of-source effect (SSE), and minimizing the radiometer's sensitivity to SSE is critical in the lowest-uncertainty optical measurements. We describe the dominant effects that influence the SSE, and show that the SSE can be reduced to < 5 x 10(-5) as measured using a 50 mm diameter radiance source with a 2 mm diameter, central obscuration. The SSE is found to be dependent on the internal scatter and the optical design of the radiometer. For testing the contributions to SSE, a radiometer is constructed with a 50.8 mm diameter lens in f/12 geometry with a 1 mm diameter target size. If the internal radiometer scatter is reduced, then the SSE is found to be primarily dependent on the scatter from the objective lens such as Surface finish, internal lens scatter and the particulate contamination of the lens. Various combinations of objective lenses are measured for SSE, and the relative merits of increasing optical performance at the expense of additional optical elements are also discussed. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yoon, HW (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 89 EP 96 DI 10.1088/0026/42/2/003 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 926OL UT WOS:000229132400004 ER PT J AU Wang, CM Iyer, HK AF Wang, CM Iyer, HK TI Propagation of uncertainties in measurements using generalized inference SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB The ISO Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) recommends the use of a first-order Taylor series expansion for propagating errors and uncertainties. The GUM also endorses the use of 'other analytical or numerical methods' when the conditions for using the Taylor expansion do not apply. In this paper we propose an alternative approach for evaluating measurement uncertainty based on the principle of generalized inference. The proposed approach can tie applied to measurement models having any number of input quantities and a vector-valued measurand. We use several examples from the GUM to illustrate the implementation of the proposed approach for the calculation of uncertainties in measurement results. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Wang, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jwang@boulder.nist.gov NR 12 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 1 PU BUREAU INT POIDS MESURES PI SEVRES CEDEX PA B1 PM PAVILLION DE BRETUEIL, F-92312 SEVRES CEDEX, FRANCE SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2005 VL 42 IS 2 BP 145 EP 153 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/42/2/010 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 926OL UT WOS:000229132400011 ER PT J AU Etz, ES Choquette, SJ Hurst, WS AF Etz, ES Choquette, SJ Hurst, WS TI Development and certification of NIST standard reference materials for relative Raman intensity calibration SO MICROCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE Raman spectroscopy; intensity calibration; intensity standards; instrument response function; luminescent glasses; Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) ID INSTRUMENT RESPONSE FUNCTION; SPECTROMETERS; GLASSES; MICROSCOPY AB In analytical Raman spectroscopy it becomes increasingly important to employ a procedure for the correction of the relative intensity of Raman spectra. The determination of the intensity response function of a Raman instrument traditionally has been carried out through a white light source that has been calibrated for its relative spectral irradiance. While this method will furnish a correction curve to yield spectra corrected to relative Raman intensity, it is often cumbersome and fraught with experimental difficulties that can profoundly affect the reliability of the correction procedure. An alternate methodology that permits a simplified calibration of the Raman instrument response function is based on the use of luminescent glass standards that transfer a white light calibration onto the Raman measurement system. In this procedure, a measurement of the luminescence of an intensity standard, whose relative irradiance has been determined, provides a means to establish the instrument response function. Correction of measured spectra by this function furnishes spectra that are free of instrumental intensity artifacts. Based on this approach, NIST is developing a series of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for the calibration of Raman intensity. This process, and the results obtained thereby, is described for Raman spectroscopy measurements employing 785 nm excitation. The procedure is valid for both macro-sampling and micro-sampling Raman work. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choquette, SJ (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.choquette@nist.gov NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA SN 1436-5073 J9 MICROCHIM ACTA JI Microchim. Acta PD APR PY 2005 VL 149 IS 3-4 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1007/s00064-004-0315-2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 925SC UT WOS:000229072600003 ER PT J AU Baums, IB Miller, MW Hellberg, ME AF Baums, IB Miller, MW Hellberg, ME TI Regionally isolated populations of an imperiled Caribbean coral, Acropora palmata SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE gene flow; genotypic clustering; larval dispersal; Acropora palmata; marine reserves; microsatellite ID REEF-BUILDING CORALS; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; RESOLUTION NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; LONG-DISTANCE DISPERSAL; GENE FLOW; MARINE POPULATIONS; POCILLOPORA-DAMICORNIS; STYLOPHORA-PISTILLATA; ALLELE FREQUENCIES AB The movements of larvae between marine populations are difficult to follow directly and have been the subject of much controversy, especially in the Caribbean. The debate centres on the degree to which populations are demographically open, such that depleted populations can be replenished by recruitment from distant healthy populations, or demographically closed and thus in need of local management. Given the depressed state of many tropical reef populations, the understanding of these movements now bears critically on the number, placement, and size of marine reserves. Most genetic analyses assume that dispersal patterns have been stable for thousands of generations, thus they commonly reflect past colonization histories more than ongoing dispersal. Recently developed multilocus genotyping approaches, however, have the demonstrated ability to detect both migration and population isolation over far shorter timescales. Previously, we developed five microsatellite markers and demonstrated them to be both Mendelian and coral-specific. Using these markers and Bayesian analyses, we show here that populations of the imperiled reef-building coral, Acropora palmata, have experienced little or no recent genetic exchange between the western and the eastern Caribbean. Puerto Rico is identified as an area of mixing between the two subregions. As a consequence of this regional isolation, populations in the western and eastern Caribbean should have the potential to adapt to local conditions and will require population-specific management strategies. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA Fisheries, SE Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Baums, IB (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ibaums@rsmas.miami.edu RI Baums, Iliana/G-6435-2010 OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308 NR 72 TC 163 Z9 170 U1 2 U2 36 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0962-1083 J9 MOL ECOL JI Mol. Ecol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 5 BP 1377 EP 1390 DI 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02489.x PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 913UN UT WOS:000228179200010 PM 15813778 ER PT J AU Zamora, RJ Dutton, EG Trainer, M McKeen, SA Wilczak, JM Hou, YT AF Zamora, RJ Dutton, EG Trainer, M McKeen, SA Wilczak, JM Hou, YT TI The accuracy of solar irradiance calculations used in mesoscale numerical weather prediction SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MODEL PREDICTIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ETA-MODEL; ARM DATA; PARAMETERIZATIONS; AEROSOLS; SULFATE; FLUXES AB In this paper, solar irradiance forecasts made by mesoscale numerical weather prediction models are compared with observations taken during three air-quality experiments in various parts of the United States. The authors evaluated the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Eta Model. The observations were taken during the 2000 Texas Air Quality Experiment (TexAQS), the 2000 Central California Ozone Study (CCOS), and the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS) 2002. The accuracy of the model forecast irradiances show a strong dependence on the aerosol optical depth. Model errors on the order of 100 W m(-2) are possible when the aerosol optical depth exceeds 0.1. For smaller aerosol optical depths, the climatological attenuation used in the models yields solar irradiance estimates that are in good agreement with the observations. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, R-E-ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Robert.J.Zamora@noaa.gov RI Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013 NR 25 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2005 VL 133 IS 4 BP 783 EP 792 DI 10.1175/MWR2886.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 917EK UT WOS:000228438800005 ER PT J AU Ralph, FM Neiman, PJ Rotunno, R AF Ralph, FM Neiman, PJ Rotunno, R TI Dropsonde observations in low-level jets over the northeastern Pacific Ocean from CALJET-1998 and PACJET-2001: Mean vertical-profile and atmospheric-river characteristics SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; SIERRA-NEVADA; DOPPLER RADAR; WINTER STORM; EL-NINO; PRECIPITATION; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS; RAINFALL; WATER AB Dropsonde observations are used to document the mean vertical profiles of kinematic and thermodynamic conditions in the pre-cold-frontal low-level-jet (LLJ) region of extratropical cyclones over the eastern Pacific Ocean. This is the region within storms that is responsible not only for the majority of heavy rainfall induced by orography when such storms strike the coast, but also for almost all meridional water vapor transport at midlatitudes. The data were collected from NOAA's P-3 aircraft in 10 storms during the California Land-falling Jets Experiment (CALJET) of 1998 and in 7 storms during the Pacific Land-falling Jets Experiment (PACJET) of 2001. The mean position of the dropsondes was 500 km offshore, well upstream of orographic influences. The availability of data from two winters that were characterized by very different synoptic regimes and by differing phases of ENSO-that is, El Nino in 1998 and La Nina in 2001-allowed examination of interannual variability. The composite pre-cold-frontal profiles reveal a well-defined LLJ at 1.0-km altitude with a wind speed of 23.4 m s(-1) and a wind direction of 216.7 degrees, as well as vertical shear characteristic of warm advection. The composite thermodynamic conditions were also documented, with special attention given to moist static stability due to the nearly saturated conditions that were prevalent. Although the dry static stability indicated very stable conditions (4.5 K km(-1)), the moist static stability was approximately zero up to 2.8-km altitude. Although the composite winds, temperatures, and water vapor mixing ratios in 2001 differed markedly from 1998, the moist static stability remained near zero from the surface up to 2.8-3.0-km altitude for both seasons. Hence, orographic precipitation enhancement is favored in this sector of the storm, regardless of the phase of ENSO. The dropsonde data were also used to characterize the depth and strength of atmospheric rivers, which are responsible for most of the meridional water vapor transport at midlatitudes. The vertically integrated along-river water vapor fluxes averaged 525 X 10(5) kg s(-1) (assuming a 100-km-wide swath), while the meridional and zonal components were 387 X 10(5) kg s(-1) and 302 X 10(5) kg s(-1), respectively. Although the composite meridional transport in 2001 was less than half that in 1998 (230 X 10(5) kg s(-1) versus 497 X 10(5) kg s(-1)), the characteristic scale height of the meridional water vapor transport remained constant; that is, 75% of the transport occurred below 2.25-km altitude. C1 NOAA, Environm Tech Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Ralph, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Tech Lab, Mail Code R-ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Marty.Ralph@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2005 VL 133 IS 4 BP 889 EP 910 DI 10.1175/MWR2896.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 917EK UT WOS:000228438800012 ER PT J AU Segele, ZT Stensrud, DJ Ratcliffe, AC Henebry, GM AF Segele, ZT Stensrud, DJ Ratcliffe, AC Henebry, GM TI Influence of a hailstreak on boundary layer evolution SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LAND-COVER DATA; MESOSCALE CIRCULATIONS; SOIL-MOISTURE; SPATIAL VARIATIONS; MODEL; SURFACE; CONVECTION; VEGETATION; HAIL; SATELLITE AB Severe thunderstorms developed on 20 June 1997 and produced heavy precipitation, damaging winds, and large hail over two swaths in southeastern South Dakota. Calculations of fractional vegetation coverage (scaled from 0 to 1) based upon composite satellite data indicate that, within the hailstreak region, vegetation coverage decreased from 0.50 to near 0.25 owing to the damaging effects of hail on the growing vegetation. The northern edge of the larger hailstreak was located a few kilometers south of Chamberlain, South Dakota, a National Weather Service surface observation site. Hourly observations from Chamberlain and several nearby surface sites in South Dakota are averaged over 7 days both before and after this hail event. These observations illustrate that the late-afternoon (nighttime) temperatures are 2 degrees C higher (2 degrees C lower) near the hailstreak after the event than before the event. Similarly, daily average dewpoint temperatures after the event are 2.6 degrees C lower near the hailstreak. These changes are consistent with the influences of a recently devegetated zone on changes to the surface energy budget. To explore how these hailstreaks further affected the evolution of the planetary boundary layer in this region, two model simulations are performed using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU-NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5). In the control run, climatology is used for the land surface characteristics, and hence the simulation is independent of the hailstreaks. In the hailstreak simulation (HSS), the fractional vegetation coverage and soil moisture in the hailstreak regions are modified to reflect the likely conditions within the hailstreaks. Two different days are simulated: one with low surface wind speeds and one with stronger surface wind speeds. For the low surface wind speed case, the HSS simulation produces a sea-breeze-like circulation in the boundary layer by midmorning. For the stronger surface wind speed case, this sea-breeze-like circulation does not develop in the HSS, but the simulated low-level temperatures are modified over a larger area. These results suggest that to capture and reasonably simulate the evolution of boundary layer structures, there is a need for routine daily updates of land surface information. Hailstreaks also are important to consider in the future as the focus for observational studies on nonclassical mesoscale circulations. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK USA. Univ Nebraska, Lincoln, NE USA. RP Stensrud, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM David.Stensrud@noaa.gov OI Henebry, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8999-2709 NR 38 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2005 VL 133 IS 4 BP 942 EP 960 DI 10.1175/MWR2897.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 917EK UT WOS:000228438800015 ER PT J AU Grohol, D Matan, K Cho, JH Lee, SH Lynn, JW Nocera, DG Lee, YS AF Grohol, D Matan, K Cho, JH Lee, SH Lynn, JW Nocera, DG Lee, YS TI Spin chirality on a two-dimensional frustrated lattice SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG KAGOME ANTIFERROMAGNET; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; ORDER; FERROMAGNETISM; EXCHANGE; DISORDER; STATES AB wThe collective behaviour of interacting magnetic moments can be strongly influenced by the topology of the underlying lattice. In geometrically frustrated spin systems, interesting chiral correlations may develop that are related to the spin arrangement on triangular plaquettes. We report a study of the spin chirality on a two-dimensional geometrically frustrated lattice. Our new chemical synthesis methods allow us to produce large single-crystal samples of KFe3(OH)(6)(SO4)(2), an ideal Kagome lattice antiferromagnet. Combined thermodynamic and neutron scattering measurements reveal that the phase transition to the ordered ground-state is unusual. At low temperatures, application of a magnetic field induces a transition between states with different non-trivial spin-textures. C1 MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, YS (reprint author), MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM younglee@mit.edu NR 30 TC 147 Z9 147 U1 3 U2 45 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD APR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 4 BP 323 EP 328 DI 10.1038/nmat1353 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 912JZ UT WOS:000228075400020 PM 15793572 ER PT J AU Kimlin, MG Slusser, JR Schallhorn, KA Lantz, K Meltzer, RS AF Kimlin, MG Slusser, JR Schallhorn, KA Lantz, K Meltzer, RS TI Comparison of ultraviolet data from colocated instruments from the US EPA Brewer Spectrophotometer Network and the US Department of Agriculture UV-B Monitoring and Research Program SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on UV Ground- and Space-based Measurements, Models and Effects III CY AUG 04-06, 2003 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE ultraviolet monitoring networks; spectral measurement; irradiance ID ERYTHEMAL UV; IRRADIANCE; RADIATION; OZONE AB Several ground-based ultraviolet (UV) monitoring networks exist in the United States, each of which is unique in the instrumentation employed for measurements. Two of these UV networks are the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) Brewer Spectrophotometer Network and the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) UV-B monitoring network, with a combined instrument total of 52 sites, with 32 sites located in the mainland United States. The Brewer records full sky spectra from 287 to 363 nm with 0.55-nm resolution, whereas the USDA instrument is a broadband device that measures broadband erythemally weighted UV data. To date, limited comparisons of data collected from these networks have been analyzed for comparative and quality assurance (QA) purposes. The data we use is taken from sites where instruments from each program are colocated, namely, Big Bend National Park, Texas, and Everglades National Park, Florida. To reduce the contribution of errors in the Brewer-based instruments, the raw data is corrected for stray light rejection, the angular response of the full sky diffuser, the temperature dependence of the instruments, and the temporal variation. This reduces the estimated errors of the absolute irradiance values of each Brewer spectral measurement to approximately +/- 5%. The estimated uncertainty of the USDA instruments is approximately +/- 6% with a systematic bias of (-13 to 5% depending on the total ozone) and is comprised of (1) standard lamp measurement errors, (2) spectral response determination, and (3) the angular response of the diffuser. We perform comparisons between the Brewer spectrally integrated and erythemally weighted UV irradiance measurements and the data collected by the broadband erythemal UV meters at colocated sites between 1997 through to 2002. (c) 2005 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Natl Ultraviolet Monitoring Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Queensland Univ Technol, Sch Publ Hlth, Ctr Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld 4509, Australia. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resource Ecol Lab, USDA, V B Monitoring Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Cent UV Calibrat Facil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Univ Georgia, Dept Phys & Astron, Natl Ultraviolet Monitoring Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. OI Kimlin, Michael/0000-0002-9536-8646 NR 14 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD APR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 AR 041009 DI 10.1117/1.1885470 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 974KN UT WOS:000232590400014 ER PT J AU Roos, PA Li, XQ Smith, RP Pipis, JA Fortier, TM Cundiff, ST AF Roos, PA Li, XQ Smith, RP Pipis, JA Fortier, TM Cundiff, ST TI Solid-state carrier-envelope phase stabilization via quantum interference control of injected photocurrents SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; 5-FS PULSES; GENERATION; FREQUENCY; LIGHT; GAAS AB We demonstrate carrier-envelope phase stabilization of a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser by use of quantum interference control of injected photocurrents in a semiconductor. No harmonic generation is required for this stabilization technique. Instead, interference between coexisting single- and two-photon absorption pathways in the semiconductor provides a phase comparison between different spectral components. The phase comparison, and the detection of the photocurrent that it produces, both occur within a single low-temperature-grown gallium arsenide sample. The carrier-envelope offset beat note fidelity is 30 dB in a 10-kHz resolution bandwidth. The out-of-loop phase-noise level is essentially identical to the best previous measurements with the standard self-referencing technique. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Roos, PA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM roos@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 22 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 7 BP 735 EP 737 DI 10.1364/OL.30.000735 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 908WT UT WOS:000227821600015 PM 15832922 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL Malioutov, I AF Rukhin, AL Malioutov, I TI Fusion of biometric algorithms in the recognition problem SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LETTERS LA English DT Article DE aggregated algorithm; gallery; metrics on permutations; probe; permutation matrix; similarity score ID CLASSIFIERS AB This note concerns the mathematical aspects of fusion for several biometric algorithms in the recognition or identification problem. It is assumed that a biometric signature is presented to a system which compares it with a database of signatures of known individuals (gallery). On the basis of this comparison, an algorithm produces the similarity scores of this probe to the signatures in the gallery, which are then ranked according to their similarity scores of the probe. The suggested procedures define several versions of aggregated rankings. An example from the Face Recognition Technology (FERET) program with four recognition algorithms is considered. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Math Stat, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rukhin@email.nist.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-8655 J9 PATTERN RECOGN LETT JI Pattern Recognit. Lett. PD APR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 5 BP 679 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.patrec.2004.09.021 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 911PJ UT WOS:000228016300017 ER PT J AU Sansonetti, CJ Andrew, KL AF Sansonetti, CJ Andrew, KL TI Spectrum of singly-ionized cesium (Cs II) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID 1ST SPARK SPECTRUM; ENERGY-LEVELS; INTERFEROMETRIC MEASUREMENTS; WAVELENGTHS; EXTENSION; SHIFTS; LINES AB We measured the spectrum of cesium emitted by a pulsed radio-frequency discharge in the region 1550 angstrom to 40000 angstrom using concave grating spectrographs, Fabry-Perot interferometry, and Fourier transform spectroscopy. By varying the operating parameters of the discharge, we identified approximately 1700 of the more than 3000 spectral lines observed in this region as belonging to the spectrum of singly-ionized cesium (Cs II). Of these, 1683 were classified as transitions among 118 even and 165 odd energy levels. Partially or fully resolved hyperfine structure was analyzed for 579 lines. C1 NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Phys, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Sansonetti, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.sansonetti@nist.gov NR 36 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ROYAL SWEDISH ACAD SCIENCES PI STOCKHOLM PA PUBL DEPT BOX 50005, S-104 05 STOCKHOLM, SWEDEN SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 BP 362 EP 394 DI 10.1238/Physica.Regular.071a00362 PG 33 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 921ZI UT WOS:000228804300007 ER PT J AU Cafiero, M Gonzalez, C AF Cafiero, M Gonzalez, C TI Approximate self-consistent potentials for density-functional-theory exchange-correlation functionals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; LOCAL-EXCHANGE; ELECTRON-GAS; ENERGY; STATE AB We show that potentials for exchange-correlation functionals within the Kohn-Sham density-functional-theory framework may be written as potentials for simpler functionals multiplied by a factor close to unity, and in a self-consistent field calculation, these effective potentials find the correct self-consistent solutions. This simple theory is demonstrated with self-consistent exchange-only calculations of the atomization energies of some small molecules using the Perdew-Kurth-Zupan-Blaha (PKZB) meta-generalized-gradient-approximation (meta-GGA) exchange functional. The atomization energies obtained with our method agree with or surpass previous meta-GGA calculations performed in a non-self-consistent manner. The results of this work suggest the utility of this simple theory to approximate exchange-correlation potentials corresponding to energy functionals too complicated to generate closed forms for their potentials. We hope that this method will encourage the development of complex functionals which have correct boundary conditions and are free of self-interaction errors without the worry that the functionals are too complex to differentiate to obtain potentials. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rhodes Coll, Dept Chem, 2000 N Pkwy, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. EM carlos.gonzalez@nist.gov NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 AR 042505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.042505 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 921GR UT WOS:000228752700062 ER PT J AU Gilb, S Nestorov, V Leone, SR Keske, JC Nugent-Glandorf, L Grant, ER AF Gilb, S Nestorov, V Leone, SR Keske, JC Nugent-Glandorf, L Grant, ER TI Kr (n=5-10,s,d,g) electronic wave packets: Electron time-of-flight resolution and the ac-Stark shift during wave-packet preparation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MULTIPHOTON IONIZATION; AUTOIONIZING STATES; 3-PHOTON EXCITATION; LASER-PULSES; KRYPTON; XENON; XE AB A two-color (3+1(')) pump-probe scheme is used to create Rydberg wave packets in krypton atoms. The ac-Stark shift, caused by the high intensity pump pulse, allows access to states with principal quantum numbers n=5-10 over a broad energy range. States shifted by as much as 3000 cm(-1) during the pump pulse are coherently excited, resulting in wave-packet superpositions of field free states. By resolving the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons produced in the ionization probe step, numerous quantum beats are resolved and assigned. In addition, the energies of four previously unmeasured g states are determined. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Leone, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM srl@berkeley.edu NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 AR 042709 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.042709 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 921GR UT WOS:000228752700073 ER PT J AU Goldwin, J Inouye, S Olsen, ML Jin, DS AF Goldwin, J Inouye, S Olsen, ML Jin, DS TI Cross-dimensional relaxation in Bose-Fermi mixtures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS; RESONANCE; THRESHOLD; ATOMS; GAS AB We consider the equilibration rate for fermions in Bose-Fermi mixtures undergoing cross-dimensional rethermalization. Classical Monte Carlo simulations of the relaxation process are performed over a wide range of parameters, focusing on the effects of the mass difference between species and the degree of initial departure from equilibrium. A simple analysis based on Enskog's equation is developed and shown to be accurate over a variety of different parameter regimes. This allows predictions for mixtures of commonly used alkali-metal atoms. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Goldwin, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. OI Goldwin, Jonathan/0000-0002-0582-2519 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 AR 043408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.043408 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 921GR UT WOS:000228752700086 ER PT J AU Knill, E AF Knill, E TI Scalable quantum computing in the presence of large detected-error rates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION AB The theoretically tolerable erasure error rate for scalable quantum computing is shown to be well above 0.1, given standard scalability assumptions. This bound is obtained by implementing computations with generic stabilizer code teleportation steps that combine the necessary operations with error correction. An interesting consequence of the technique is that the only errors that affect the maximum tolerable error rate are storage and Bell measurement errors. If storage errors are negligible, then any detected Bell measurement error below 1/2 is permissible. For practical computation with high detected error rates, the implementation overheads need to be improved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Knill, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM knill@boulder.nist.gov NR 32 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 AR 042322 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.042322 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 921GR UT WOS:000228752700042 ER PT J AU Schunck, CH Zwierlein, MW Stan, CA Raupach, SMF Ketterle, W Simoni, A Tiesinga, E Williams, CJ Julienne, PS AF Schunck, CH Zwierlein, MW Stan, CA Raupach, SMF Ketterle, W Simoni, A Tiesinga, E Williams, CJ Julienne, PS TI Feshbach resonances in fermionic Li-6 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; SCATTERING; GAS AB Feshbach resonances in Li-6 were experimentally studied and theoretically analyzed. In addition to two previously known s-wave resonances, three p-wave resonances were found. Four of these resonances are narrow and yield a precise value of the singlet scattering length. The position of the broad s-wave resonance near 83 mT is mostly sensitive to the triplet potential. It was previously determined in a molecule-dissociation experiment for which we, here, discuss systematic shifts. C1 MIT, Harvard Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. MIT, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schunck, CH (reprint author), MIT, Harvard Ctr Ultracold Atoms, Dept Phys, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; simoni, andrea/C-1410-2011; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012; Schunck, Christian H/A-3625-2010 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442; Schunck, Christian H/0000-0002-7917-8180 NR 27 TC 114 Z9 114 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 AR 045601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.045601 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 921GR UT WOS:000228752700138 ER PT J AU Wu, SJ Wang, YJ Diot, Q Prentiss, M AF Wu, SJ Wang, YJ Diot, Q Prentiss, M TI Splitting matter waves using an optimized standing-wave light-pulse sequence SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BEAM SPLITTER; BRAGG SCATTERING; ATOM OPTICS; INTERFEROMETER; GRATINGS AB In a recent experiment (Wang , e-print cond-mat/0407689), it was observed that a sequence of two standing-wave square pulses can split a Bose-Einstein Condensate at rest into +/- 2hk diffraction orders with almost 100% efficiency. By truncating the Raman-Nath equations to a two-state model, we provide an intuitive picture that explains this double-square-pulse beam-splitter scheme. We further show it is possible to optimize a standing-wave multiple-square-pulse sequence to efficiently diffract an atom at rest to a symmetric superposition of +/- 2nhk diffraction orders with n>1. The approach is considered to be qualitatively different from the traditional light-pulse schemes in the Bragg or the Raman-Nath region, and can be extended to more complex atomic optical elements that produce various tailored output momentum states from a cold atom source. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Ctr Ultra Cold Atoms, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wu, SJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 20 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 AR 043602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.043602 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 921GR UT WOS:000228752700089 ER PT J AU Ahart, M Cohen, RE Struzhkin, V Gregoryanz, E Rytz, D Prosandeev, SA Mao, HK Hemley, RJ AF Ahart, M Cohen, RE Struzhkin, V Gregoryanz, E Rytz, D Prosandeev, SA Mao, HK Hemley, RJ TI High-pressure Raman scattering and x-ray diffraction of the relaxor ferroelectric 0.96Pb(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O-3-0.04PbTiO(3) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 0.955PB(ZN1/3NB2/3)O-3-0.045PBTIO(3) SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LEAD MAGNESIUM NIOBATE; PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES; PHASE; ORDER AB High-pressure Raman scattering and x-ray diffraction of lead zinc niobate-lead titanate (PZN-4%PT) solid solution were measured from ambient pressure to 13 GPa. All of the Raman peaks are broad due to the disorder of Zn2+ and Nb5+ on the B site of the perovskite structure. The pressure shifts of the Raman bands are reversible, and no pressure-induced soft phonon modes were found. X-ray diffraction as a function of pressure revealed diffuse scattering near the Bragg peaks, and gave a bulk modulus of 111 GPa assuming K'=4. Allowing K' to vary gave a large value K'=12 and K-0=90 GPa. Changes in both the Raman spectra and the diffuse scattering reflect suppression of the local distortions in the material on compression. C1 Carnegie Inst Sci, Washington, DC 20015 USA. FEE Gmbh, D-55743 Idar Oberstein, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ahart, M (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, 5251 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RI Cohen, Ronald/B-3784-2010; Struzhkin, Viktor/J-9847-2013 OI Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-5871-2359; Struzhkin, Viktor/0000-0002-3468-0548 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 14 AR 144102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.144102 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 921IV UT WOS:000228758700018 ER PT J AU Hawa, T Zachariah, MR AF Hawa, T Zachariah, MR TI Coalescence kinetics of bare and hydrogen-coated silicon nanoparticles: A molecular dynamics study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID 2-COMPONENT AEROSOL COAGULATION; THIN-FILM GROWTH; AMORPHOUS-SILICON; POROUS SILICON; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; GAS-PHASE; SIMULATION; SURFACE; PARTICLES; SILANE AB One of the significant challenges in the use of nanoparticles is the control of primary particle size and extent of agglomeration when grown from the gas phase. In this paper we consider the role of surface passivation of the rate of nanoparticle coalescence. We have studied the coalescence of bare and H-coated silicon nanoparticles of sizes between 2-6 nm using molecular dynamics simulation at 1000 and 1500 K. We found that coalescence of coated particles consists of two steps, where reaction between particles and relocations of surface atoms near the reacting region, occur in the first step, which comprise an induction period. The second step consists of the nominal coalescence event, which depends on the surface tension and solid-state diffusion in the particle. The hydrogen passivation layer was found to remain on the surface of coalescing pair of the particles during the entire coalescence event. We also develop a mathematical model to describe the dynamics of coalescence of coated particles. The model is able to describe both the initial induction period and the coalescence period, and the role of the extent of surface coverage on the coalescence rate. In general, the entire coalescence time of coated particles is about 3-5 times that of bare particles, and the exothermicity from coalescence is about half that for the unpassivated particles. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 56 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 18 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 16 AR 165434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.165434 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 921KL UT WOS:000228763100120 ER PT J AU Karunadasa, H Huang, Q Ueland, BG Lynn, JW Schiffer, P Regan, KA Cava, RJ AF Karunadasa, H Huang, Q Ueland, BG Lynn, JW Schiffer, P Regan, KA Cava, RJ TI Honeycombs of triangles and magnetic frustration in SrL2O4 (L=Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL STRUCTURE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; PYROCHLORE; SRRE2O4; EU; GD AB The crystal structures, magnetic order, and susceptibility have been investigated for magnetically frustrated SrDy2O4, SrHo2O4, SrEr2O4, SrTm2O4, and SrYb2O4. Powder neutron-diffraction structural refinements reveal columns of LO6 octahedra that run along one crystallographic direction, with Sr-O polyhedra in the interstices. The lanthanide sublattice displays multiple triangular interconnections: one-dimensional strings form the backbones of four types of chains of lanthanide triangles sharing edges arranged in a honeycomb pattern. This crystal structure produces strong geometric frustration for the magnetic system that is evidenced in both magnetic susceptibility and neutron-scattering data at low temperatures. The susceptibility measurements for the series, including SrGd2O4 for which data are also reported, lack the sharp features characteristic of three-dimensional long-range magnetic ordering. Metamagnetic behavior is observed in the magnetization vs applied field data at 1.8 K for the cases of L=Dy, Er, and Ho. Magnetic neutron-scattering studies for the Dy and Er materials show only very broad magnetic scattering at low temperatures, while the Ho system exhibits long-range two-dimensional order. Any magnetic scattering in the Tm and Yb compounds, if present, was too weak to be detected in these measurements. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Karunadasa, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Ueland, Benjamin/B-2312-2008; Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; OI Ueland, Benjamin/0000-0001-9784-6595; Schiffer, Peter/0000-0002-6430-6549 NR 22 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 9 U2 48 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 14 AR 144414 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.144414 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 921IV UT WOS:000228758700052 ER PT J AU Rao, GH Liu, WF Huang, Q Ouyang, ZW Wang, FW Xiao, YG Lynn, JW Liang, JK AF Rao, GH Liu, WF Huang, Q Ouyang, ZW Wang, FW Xiao, YG Lynn, JW Liang, JK TI Magnetic structure and magnetization process of NdCo12-xVx SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; THMN12 STRUCTURE; TRANSITION; ANISOTROPY; CRYSTAL; FE; SUBSTITUTION; NDCO9.5V2.5; COMPOUND AB NdCo12-xVx (2.2 <= x <= 2.6) crystallizes in the ThMn12-type structure and exhibits an unusual jump in the magnetization at a critical field B-C that decreases with increasing V content. It was intriguing that the magnetization of the bulk samples below B-C was very close to that of YCo12-xVx with the same V content. To investigate the nature of the magnetic order in these materials we have carried out powder neutron diffraction measurements as a function of temperature and magnetic field on the NdCo9.5V2.5 composition. In zero field we find that both the Nd and Co ions have substantial ordered moments (similar to 2.9 and 0.4 mu(B), respectively) at low temperature (4 K), with the moments coupled ferromagnetically (T-C=180 K) and aligned along the c axis. On a loose powder an applied field of 4 to 7 T rotates the particles so the c axis aligns with the field, indicating a strong uniaxial anisotropy that renders the system Ising-like. However, we find the same in-field magnetic structure and essentially the same values for the saturated magnetic moments as those in zero field. Magnetization data on magnetically prealigned samples reveal that for fields applied parallel to the (easy) c axis the magnetization saturates below 0.5 T at a magnitude that is in very good agreement with the moments determined from neutron diffraction. For fields applied perpendicular to the c axis, on the other hand, the magnetization data show a two-plateau behavior, explaining the original magnetization data on randomly oriented powders. The strong dependence of the magnetization on the direction of the applied magnetic fields indicates an occurrence of the first-order magnetization process due to the competing magnetocrystalline anisotropies of the Nd and the Co sublattices and of the higher-order terms of the anisotropy energy. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Acad Sinica, Int Ctr Mat Phys, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China. RP Rao, GH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RI Xiao, Yinguo/N-9069-2015 NR 27 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 14 AR 144430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.144430 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 921IV UT WOS:000228758700068 ER PT J AU Suescun, L Jones, CY Cardoso, CA Lynn, JW Toby, BH Araujo-Moreira, FM de Lima, OF Pardo, H Mombru, AW AF Suescun, L Jones, CY Cardoso, CA Lynn, JW Toby, BH Araujo-Moreira, FM de Lima, OF Pardo, H Mombru, AW TI Structural and magnetic study of LaBaCoCuO5+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OXYGEN-DEFICIENT PEROVSKITE; NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; LAYER STRUCTURE; YBACUFEO5+DELTA; MOSSBAUER; LABACUFEO5+DELTA; LA3BA3CU6O14+X; SUBSTITUTION; CRYSTAL; SYSTEM AB The structure and magnetic properties of the compound LaBaCuCoO5+delta have been studied for the non-stoichiometric oxygen concentration delta approximate to 0.6. The structure is pseudo-cubic with a tripled perovskite unit cell. The crystal structure was determined by a combined Rietveld fit to neutron and synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction data in the orthorhombic Pmmm space group, with cell parameters a=3.9223(3) angstrom, b=3.9360(3) angstrom, c=11.7073(8) angstrom, and V=180.74(2) angstrom(3) (room temperature). Antiferromagnetic ordering of Cu and Co magnetic moments is observed below 205(4) K. The magnetic structure with cell a(M)=2a, b(M)=2b, and c(M)=2c, could be described with the Shubnikov space group Fmmm'. The magnetic moments of both equivalent Cu/Co sites were determined at 50 and 170 K to be 0.83(3)mu(B) and 0.58(3)mu(B), respectively, consistent with one unpaired electron per atom. The fit of the intensities to a simple mean field magnetic model appeared to be insufficient to account for the variation of moments at temperatures close to T-N while a three dimensional Heisenberg model could improve the fit. Susceptibility measurements between 4 and 350 K also show irreversibility below 150 K. The local environments of Cu and Co were studied by extended x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy at both absorption edges. Cu atoms adopt an elongated octahedral or square-based pyramidal oxygen environment which suggests mainly the presence of Cu(II) in the structure. Co adopts different local environments, depending on the electronic and spin states. C1 Univ Republica, Cryssmat Lab, Fac Quim, Montevideo, Uruguay. NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Fed Sao Carlos, Grp Mat & Dispositivos, CMDMC, Dept Fis,UFSCar, BR-13565905 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Univ Estadual Campinas, Inst Fis Gleb Wataghin, BR-13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil. RP Mombru, AW (reprint author), Univ Republica, Cryssmat Lab, Fac Quim, Montevideo, Uruguay. RI de Lima, Oscar/C-9587-2012; UNICAMP, LMBT/B-5093-2013; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013; Cardoso, Claudio/G-1485-2012; Inst. of Physics, Gleb Wataghin/A-9780-2017; OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285; Araujo, Fernando/0000-0001-6471-5564; Suescun, Leopoldo/0000-0002-7606-8074 NR 44 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 14 AR 144405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.144405 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 921IV UT WOS:000228758700043 ER PT J AU Mason, TG Lin, MY AF Mason, TG Lin, MY TI Density profiles of temperature-sensitive microgel particles SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; POLYMERIZATION; RHEOLOGY; COLLOIDS; MODEL AB We have performed small angle neutron scattering measurements (SANS) on dilute aqueous dispersions of polymer microgel particles as a function of temperature, T. The microgel particles are spherical crosslinked assemblies of a loose gel network of a poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM) polymer. When the temperature is raised beyond a critical temperature, T(lc)approximate to 32 degrees C, the polymer becomes more strongly attracted to itself than the solvent, and the microgel particles contract. The measured form factor, F(q), for dilute suspensions of uniform microgel particles exhibits many peaks that are characteristic of solid polymer nanospheres. The position and amplitude of the peaks as a function of wave number, q, provide insight into the density profile of poly-NIPAM within the microgels. These peaks can be described well over a wide range of temperature by a model of the polymer density within the particles that is constant up to an inner radius, R-1, and decreases linearly to zero at an outer radius, R-2. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mason, TG (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem & Biochem, 607 Charles E Young Dr E, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NR 21 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1063-651X J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD APR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 4 AR 040801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.040801 PN 1 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 921GO UT WOS:000228752400002 ER PT J AU Fertig, CD O'Hara, KM Huckans, JH Rolston, SL Phillips, WD Porto, JV AF Fertig, CD O'Hara, KM Huckans, JH Rolston, SL Phillips, WD Porto, JV TI Strongly inhibited transport of a degenerate 1D Bose gas in a lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERFLUID; ATOMS AB We report the observation of strongly damped dipole oscillations of a quantum degenerate 1D atomic Bose gas in a combined harmonic and optical lattice potential. Damping is significant for very shallow axial lattices (0.25 photon recoil energies), and increases dramatically with increasing lattice depth, such that the gas becomes nearly immobile for times an order of magnitude longer than the single-particle tunneling time. Surprisingly, we see no broadening of the atomic quasimomentum distribution after damped motion. Recent theoretical work suggests that quantum fluctuations can strongly damp dipole oscillations of a 1D atomic Bose gas, providing a possible explanation for our observations. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fertig, CD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI rolston, steven/L-5175-2013 OI rolston, steven/0000-0003-1671-4190 NR 29 TC 169 Z9 172 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 12 AR 120403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.120403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 912GM UT WOS:000228065600003 PM 15903899 ER PT J AU Hodby, E Thompson, ST Regal, CA Greiner, M Wilson, AC Jin, DS Cornell, EA Wieman, CE AF Hodby, E Thompson, ST Regal, CA Greiner, M Wilson, AC Jin, DS Cornell, EA Wieman, CE TI Production efficiency of ultracold Feshbach molecules in bosonic and fermionic systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; TUNABLE INTERACTIONS; GAS AB We investigate the production efficiency of ultracold molecules in bosonic Rb-85 and fermionic K-40 when the magnetic field is swept across a Feshbach resonance. For adiabatic sweeps of the magnetic field, our novel model shows that the conversion efficiency of both species is solely determined by the phase space density of the atomic cloud, in contrast with a number of theoretical predictions. In the nonadiabatic regime our measurements of the Rb-85 molecule conversion efficiency follow a Landau-Zener model. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin, New Zealand. RP Hodby, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Greiner, Markus/A-8502-2010 NR 34 TC 91 Z9 92 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 1 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 12 AR 120402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.120402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 912GM UT WOS:000228065600002 PM 15903898 ER PT J AU Wang, X Kato, K Adachi, K AF Wang, X Kato, K Adachi, K TI Running-in effect on the load-carrying capacity of a water-lubricated SiC thrust bearing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE INSTITUTION OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PART J-JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING TRIBOLOGY LA English DT Article DE running-in; SiC; load-carrying capacity; water lubrication; surface texture ID JOURNAL BEARINGS; SILICON-CARBIDE; SLIDING SPEED; WEAR; FRICTION; CERAMICS; TRANSITION; NITRIDE; SURFACE; SI3N4 AB It is known the friction of self-mated SiC in water strongly depends on the roughness of their contact surfaces, and a proper running-in process is the way to obtain low friction by smoothing the contact surfaces of SiC with tribochemical wear. In this paper, the running-in process of surface- contacted SiC (thrust-bearing- type contact) in water is studied experimentally. It is found the maximum running-in load has a large influence on the load-carrying capacity, which is measured as the critical load for the transition from hydrodynamic to mixed lubrication in this research. A multi-step loading running-in method is proposed to increase the load-carrying capacity of SiC thrust bearings working in water. Finally, the running-in process of a laser textured SiC surface is studied, the effect of the pore area ratio on the roughness of the run-in surface is reported, and the mechanism of the effect of micropores is discussed. C1 Tohoku Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Lab Tribol, Sendai, Miyagi 9808579, Japan. RP Wang, X (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg 223,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Wang, Xiaolei/C-8102-2011 OI Wang, Xiaolei/0000-0002-9055-1011 NR 15 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 17 PU PROFESSIONAL ENGINEERING PUBLISHING LTD PI BURY ST EDMUNDS PA NORTHGATE AVENUE, BURY ST EDMUNDS IP32 6BW, SUFFOLK, ENGLAND SN 1350-6501 J9 P I MECH ENG J-J ENG JI Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J.-J. Eng. Tribol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 219 IS J2 BP 117 EP 124 DI 10.1243/135065005X9727 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 942RD UT WOS:000230298600005 ER PT J AU Drowart, J Chatillon, C Hastie, J Bonnell, D AF Drowart, J Chatillon, C Hastie, J Bonnell, D TI High-temperature mass spectrometry: Instrumental techniques, ionization cross-sections, pressure measurements, and thermodynamic data - (IUPAC technical report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID ELECTRON-IMPACT-IONIZATION; AFFECTING KNUDSEN EFFUSION; FREE MOLECULAR RADICALS; FREE-ENERGY FUNCTIONS; MULTIPLE IONIZATION; VAPOR-PRESSURE; SINGLE IONIZATION; ADDITIVITY RULE; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; DIMENSIONAL MODEL AB An assessment of high-temperature mass spectrometry and of sources of inaccuracy is made. Experimental, calculated, and estimated cross-sections for ionization of atoms and inorganic molecules typically present in high-temperature vapors are summarized. Experimental cross-sections determined for some 56 atoms are generally close to theoretically calculated values, especially when excitation-autoionization is taken into account. Absolute or relative cross-sections for formation of parent ions were measured for ca. 100 molecules. These include homonuclear diatomic and polyatomic molecules, oxides, chalcogenides, halides, and hydroxides. Additivity of atomic cross-sections supplemented by empirical corrections provides fair estimates of molecular cross-sections. Causes of uncertainty are differences in interatomic distances and in shapes of potential energy curves (surfaces) of neutral molecules and of molecular ions and tendency toward dissociative ionization in certain types of molecules. Various mass spectrometric procedures are described that render the accuracy of measured thermodynamic properties of materials largely independent of ionization cross-sections. This accuracy is comparable with that of other techniques applicable under the conditions of interest, but often only the mass spectrometric procedure is appropriate at high temperatures. C1 Free Univ Brussels, Dept Chem, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. ENSEEG, CNRS, UMR 5614, Lab Thermodynam & Physicochim Met, F-38402 St Martin Dheres, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Free Univ Brussels, Dept Chem, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. NR 288 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 18 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0033-4545 EI 1365-3075 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD APR PY 2005 VL 77 IS 4 BP 683 EP 737 DI 10.1351/pac200577040683 PG 55 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 925JW UT WOS:000229050400002 ER PT J AU Persson, POG Hare, JE Fairall, CW Ott, WD AF Persson, POG Hare, JE Fairall, CW Ott, WD TI Air-sea interaction processes in warm and cold sectors of extratropical cyclonic storms observed during FASTEX SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE observations; RV Knorr; storm composites; surface fluxes; surface layer ID INERTIAL-DISSIPATION METHOD; KINETIC-ENERGY BALANCE; BULK AERODYNAMIC ALGORITHMS; MOMENTUM FLUX MEASUREMENTS; WIND STRESS MEASUREMENTS; TRACK EXPERIMENT FASTEX; OPEN-OCEAN; TURBULENT FLUXES; FLOW DISTORTION; SURFACE FLUXES AB Mid-Atlantic measurements from the research vessel (RV) Knorr during the Fronts and Atlantic Storm-Tracks Experiment (FASTEX) are presented, and then used to examine the near-surface environment and air-sea interaction processes during the passage of ten frontal systems. This dataset includes measurements of the surface momentum, sensible-heat and moisture fluxes obtained from three different methods. The inertial dissipation (ID) drag coefficients from the RV Knorr are consistent with the ID data from other measurements in open-ocean storm environments. The covariance drag coefficients are generally larger than the ID values, indicating either the presence of flow distortion problems in the covariance data or a failure of the assumptions inherent to the ID technique at these higher wind speeds. Estimates of the wind speed dependence of the momentum, sensible-heat and latent-heat transfer coefficients are based on averaged values from the two methods. These measurements: (i) contribute significantly to the limited set of surface flux measurements for 10 m neutral winds in the 15-21 m s(-1) range; (ii) contain the only ship-based covariance flux measurements successfully obtained in an open-ocean, high wind speed, storm environment; and (iii) include coincident wave-height measurements. The relationships between the surface layer and the synoptic atmospheric environment is examined using composites of atmospheric and oceanic surface-layer characteristics computed in ten storms for which the RV Knorr passed through the open-wave warm sector and the cold front. These composites show minima in the sensible-and latent-heat fluxes, and a maximum in the momentum flux, just before the frontal passage during the warm-sector peak in wind speed. A second momentum flux maximum of comparable magnitude occurs in the middle of the post-frontal regime. Though the warm-sector sensible-heat flux minimum is slightly negative, the sum of the two heat fluxes is positive, suggesting a positive impact on the synoptic development of these storms. Wave heights increase steadily from the eastern half of the warm sector to the frontal passage, remaining high through most of the post-frontal regime before decreasing. Differences between covariance and ID stresses are largest during the times bracketing the cold front when the wave heights and stresses are large. Differences between covariance and bulk stresses are greatest in the pre-frontal low-level jet, when the frequency of waves with periods of 6-9 s maximizes, and in the post-frontal regime where the wind direction veers. Systematic differences between stress direction and wind direction are observed. C1 NOAA, ETL, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Persson, POG (reprint author), NOAA, ETL, CIRES, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM opersson@cires.colorado.edu NR 63 TC 26 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 3 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 131 IS 607 BP 877 EP 912 DI 10.1256/jq.03.181 PN A PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 924FK UT WOS:000228964200005 ER PT J AU Wang, XG Bishop, CH AF Wang, XG Bishop, CH TI Improvement of ensemble reliability with a new dressing kernel SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE ensemble postprocessing; overdispersive; second moment measure; underdispersive ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; EVALUATING PROBABILISTIC FORECASTS; TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; PREDICTION SYSTEMS; ECONOMIC VALUE; SKILL; VERIFICATION; CALIBRATION; SCORE AB A new method of combining dynamical and statistical ensembles for the purpose of improving ensemble reliability for underdispersive ensembles is introduced. The method involves adding independent sets of N random four-dimensional 'dressing' perturbations to each of the K members of a dynamical ensemble forecast to obtain an N x K dressed ensemble. The new method mathematically constrains the stochastic process used to generate the statistical dressing perturbations so that it removes seasonally averaged errors in the second moment measures for originally underdispersive ensembles. A random-number generator experiment and an experiment with the ensemble transform Kalman filter (ETKF) ensemble generation scheme show that the previously proposed 'best-member' dressing method fails to reliably predict the second moment of the distribution of forecast errors, whereas the new dressing method reliably predicts this second moment. After being dressed with the second moment constraint method, the ETKF ensemble is more skilful than the undressed ensemble. The ETKF ensemble postprocessed with the new dressing method is applied for probabilistic forecasts of cooling degree-days (CDD) for Boston. It is shown that the new kernel's ability to account for temporally correlated forecast errors results in ensemble forecasts of CDDs with reliable spread, whereas the best-member method leads to an underdispersive ensemble of CDD forecasts. C1 NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, RCDCI, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Wang, XG (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, RCDCI, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM xuguang.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013 NR 45 TC 51 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 131 IS 607 BP 965 EP 986 DI 10.1256/qj.04.120 PN A PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 924FK UT WOS:000228964200008 ER PT J AU Murphy, DM Koop, T AF Murphy, DM Koop, T TI Review of the vapour pressures of ice and supercooled water for atmospheric applications SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Clapeyron equation; cubic ice; hexagonal ice; parametrizations; thermodynamics ID SINGULARITY-FREE INTERPRETATION; HEAT-CAPACITY; GLASSY WATER; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; LIQUID WATER; CUBIC ICE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; NITRIC-ACID AB The vapour pressures of ice and supercooled water are reviewed with an emphasis on atmospheric applications. Parametrizations are given for the vapour pressure, molar heat capacity, and latent heat of vaporization of both ice and liquid water. For ice, the experimental vapour pressure data are in agreement with a derivation from the Clapeyron equation. Below 200 K cubic ice may affect the vapour pressure of ice both in the atmosphere and in the laboratory. All of the commonly used parametrizations for the vapour pressure of supercooled water are extrapolations that were not originally intended for use below the freezing point. In addition, the World Meteorological Organization definition of the vapour pressure of supercooled water contains an easily overlooked typographical error. Recent data on the molar heat capacity Of Supercooled water are used to derive its vapour pressure. Nevertheless, the uncertainty is such that measurements of the deliquescence and freezing behaviour of aerosol particles are beginning to be limited by uncertainties in the thermodynamics of supercooled water. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Bielefeld, Fac Chem, D-4800 Bielefeld, Germany. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov RI Koop, Thomas/B-7861-2008; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012 OI Koop, Thomas/0000-0002-7571-3684; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235 NR 90 TC 457 Z9 462 U1 8 U2 122 PU ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI READING PA 104 OXFORD ROAD, READING RG1 7LJ, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2005 VL 131 IS 608 BP 1539 EP 1565 DI 10.1256/qj.04.94 PN B PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942DG UT WOS:000230262500012 ER PT J AU Tassey, G AF Tassey, G TI The disaggregated technology production function: A new model of university and corporate research SO RESEARCH POLICY LA English DT Article DE public good technologies; research and development (R&D); investment risk; market failure; knowledge production function ID ACADEMIC RESEARCH; ECONOMIC-GROWTH; BASIC RESEARCH; INNOVATION; INCREASE AB Technology and the process that produces it, research and development (R&D), are typically characterized as homogeneous entities. In reality, the typical industrial technology is composed of three elements: a generic technology base, supporting infratechnologies, and proprietary market applications (innovations). The first two have public good characteristics, and therefore, explicitly modeling them is essential for public policy purposes. The fundamental relationships among these elements require a technology production function that captures the supporting roles of the public good elements in creating proprietary applied technology. These critical quasi-public technology goods are supplied to a significant extent by exogenous (external) sources: central corporate research labs, government labs, and increasingly, universities. The expanding university role beyond basic research complicates the structure and functioning of the national R&D establishment and increases the need for a more accurate model of technological change to better inform R&D policy. Moreover, in assessing the resulting applied technology's impact on economic growth, both the general and partial equilibrium literatures enter the technology variable into a production function with the common "production" assets (physical capital and labor). Such models obscure an important distinction between technology and these production assets-namely, the fact that technology is primarily a "demand-shifting" asset. As such, its role is correctly specified only when combined with the other major demand-shifting asset, marketing. Allocations to these two assets vary across competing firms implying a spatial model of competition, while still providing traceability to the exogenous sources of public good technology elements, such as universities. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tassey, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 1060, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tassey@nist.gov NR 51 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-7333 J9 RES POLICY JI Res. Policy PD APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 3 BP 287 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.respol.2005.01.012 PG 17 WC Management; Planning & Development SC Business & Economics; Public Administration GA 931NM UT WOS:000229492000003 ER PT J AU Tarrio, C Grantham, S Vest, RE Liu, K AF Tarrio, C Grantham, S Vest, RE Liu, K TI A simple transfer-optics system for an extreme-ultraviolet synchrotron beamline SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTOMETRY; LITHOGRAPHY AB Radiometric experiments often require comparatively high intensities in the extreme ultraviolet, in the microwatt range. The monochromators that provide the high throughput needed for these experiments, though, do not always allow for end stations to be switched out easily. At the National Institute of Standards and Technology Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility, the only beamline with sufficient extreme-ultraviolet power has a multi-ton endstation, which cannot be moved. We will describe a set of transfer optics that allow the photon beam to be collimated and deflected through a port on the downstream end of the large chamber. This allowed an absolute cryogenic radiometer to be attached, with the entrance cavity underfilled. We will describe ray-tracing results and offer preliminary results of the radiometer-based throughput of the system. (C) American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tarrio, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ctarrio@nist.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 4 AR 046105 DI 10.1063/1.1884305 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 916CE UT WOS:000228362200053 ER PT J AU White, C Embree, N Buch, C Williams, RS AF White, C Embree, N Buch, C Williams, RS TI Design, development, and testing of a hybrid in situ testing device for building joint sealant SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-RUBBER; TEMPERATURE; CURE; POLYMERS; DENSITY AB The testing of sealant samples has been restricted to devices that either focus on fatiguing multiple samples or quantifying the mechanical properties of a single sample. This manuscript describes a device that combines these two instrumental designs: the ability to both fatigue and characterize multiple sealant samples at the same time. This device employs precise movement capability combined with a stiff loading frame and accurate force measurement for the characterization of five ASTM C719 sealant samples. The performance of this device is demonstrated by monitoring the changes in mechanical properties of silicone sealant during the first 90 h of cure. A complete description of the apparatus, results from the study of curing and analysis is included. (C) American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Forest Serv, USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Madison, WI USA. RP White, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD APR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 4 AR 045111 DI 10.1063/1.1889234 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 916CE UT WOS:000228362200047 ER PT J AU Manley, JE Weirich, JB AF Manley, JE Weirich, JB TI Deep frontiers: Technology for ocean exploration - New technologies and opportunities for science, industry and government SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 Mitretek Syst, Falls Church, VA USA. NOAA, Off Ocean Explorat, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Manley, JE (reprint author), Mitretek Syst, Falls Church, VA USA. EM justin.manley@mitretek.org RI Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 46 IS 4 BP 10 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 937BS UT WOS:000229900200002 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Fry, CD Berdichevsky, D Dryer, M Smith, Z Detman, T AF Wu, CC Fry, CD Berdichevsky, D Dryer, M Smith, Z Detman, T TI Predicting the arrival time of shock passages at Earth SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERPLANETARY MAGNETIC-FIELD; 3-DIMENSIONAL MHD SIMULATION; CORONAL MASS EJECTION; 1 AU; SOLAR-WIND; REAL-TIME; PROPAGATION; MODELS AB The purpose of this parametric study is to predict the arrival time at Earth of shocks due to disturbances observed on the Sun. A 3D magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation code is used to simulate the evolution of these disturbances as they propagate out to 1 AU. The model in Han, Wu and Dryer (1988) uses solar data for input at 0.08 AU (18 solar radii). The initial shock speed (ISS) is assumed to be constant from the corona to 0.08 AU. We investigate how variations of this ISS affect the arrival times of the shock at Earth. This basic parametric study, however, does not consider inhomogeneous background solar wind structures such as corotating interaction regions and their precursor stream-stream interactions, nor interplanetary manifestations of complex coronal mass ejecta such as magnetic clouds. In the latter case, only their associated shocks are considered. Because the ambient (pre-existing background) solar wind speed is known to affect the shock arrival time at 1 AU, we also simulated events with various background solar wind speeds (BSWS) to investigate this effect. The results show that the shock arrival time at Earth depends on the BSWS, the speed of solar disturbances, their size, and their source location at the Sun. However, it is found that for a sufficiently large momentum input, the shock arrival time at Earth is not significantly affected by the pre-existing solar wind speed. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Extraterr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. L3 Commun EER Syst Inc, Largo, MD 20774 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM wuc@cspar.uah.edu RI xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012 NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD APR PY 2005 VL 227 IS 2 BP 371 EP 386 DI 10.1007/s11207-005-1213-4 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 942YX UT WOS:000230319900013 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Suh, J Levin, I Feenstra, R AF Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP Suh, J Levin, I Feenstra, R TI Melting investigation of the system BaF2-BaO-(1)/2Y2O3-CuOx-H2O SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; BA2YCU3O7-X THIN-FILMS; PRECURSOR FILMS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; EPITAXIAL DEPOSITION; COATED CONDUCTORS; YBA2CU3O7-X FILMS; FLUORIDE SYSTEM; INCLUDING BAF2; YBCO FILMS AB In order to understand low-temperature melting during the 'BaF2 process', equilibria in the quaternary Ba, Y, Cu//O, F reciprocal system have been investigated using a compositional model which can be represented as a trigonal prism. This prism is comprised of three tetrahedra: BaF2-YF3-CuF2-CUOx, BaF2-YF3-(1)/2Y2O3-CuOx, and BaF2-BaO-(1)/2Y2O3-CuOx. Systematic differential thermal analysis (DTA) studies of Compositions spaced along compositional vectors extending from the fluoride end of the prism to the oxide end gave evidence of low-melting liquids (< 600 degrees C) near the fluorine-rich region in the BaF2-YF3-CuF2-CuOx tetrahedron. In the intermediate BaF2-YF3-(1)/2Y2O3-CuOx tetrahedron, a low-temperature DTA peak (550-570 degrees C) was also identified; this has been shown to be due to a reversible phase transformation in crystalline YOF. In the oxide-rich BaF2-BaO-(1)/2Y2O3-CuOx tetrahedron, where, in the presence of water vapour, the principal defluorination process is generally thought to occur, the lowest melting temperature observed was 815 degrees C at p(o2) = 20 Pa and p(H2)o = 2.1 kPa. However, published observations on films undergoing the BaF2 process have suggested the presence of an amorphous phase thought to be a liquid at <= 735 degrees C. Based on our results, the low-melting liquids reported in the literature do not appear to exist as a stable liquid phase in the BaF2-BaO-(1)/2Y2O3-CuOx-H2O system under the conditions of our experiments. Rather, the formation of low-melting liquid in Ba-Y-Cu-O-F films at <= 735 degrees C may require (a) relatively fluorine-rich compositions, (b) metastable melting, (c) formation of hydroxide- or hydroxyfluoride-based liquids, or (d) some combination thereof. C1 NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 60 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 18 IS 4 BP 442 EP 453 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/18/4/012 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 922GT UT WOS:000228825500014 ER PT J AU Olsen, A Wanninkhof, R Trinanes, JA Johannessen, T AF Olsen, A Wanninkhof, R Trinanes, JA Johannessen, T TI The effect of wind speed products and wind speed-gas exchange relationships on interannual variability of the air-sea CO2 gas transfer velocity SO TELLUS SERIES B-CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; NORTH-ATLANTIC; OCEAN; FLUX; SINK; CIRCULATION AB The lack of a firm relationship between wind speed (U-10) and gas transfer velocity (k) is considered to be one of the factors that hinders accurate quantification of interannual variations of ocean-atmosphere CO2 fluxes. In this paper the interannual variations of k of using four different k-U-10 parametrizations are examined using wind speed data from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis project. The extent to which interannual variations are faithfully reproduced in the NCEP/NCAR data is also investigated. This is carried out through comparison with QuikSCAT data. Compared with 4 yr of QuikSCAT data, NCEP/NCAR data reproduce interannual k variations, although the absolute magnitude of k is underestimated. Interannual k variation shows great sensitivity to selection of k-U-10 parametrization, and in the Westerlies it changes by a factor of three depending on k-U-10 parametrization. Use of monthly mean winds speeds leads to overestimation of interannual k variations compared with k variations computed using 6-hourly wind speeds and the appropriate k-U-10 parametrization. Even though the effect of changing k-U-10 parametrization is large enough to be an issue that needs to be considered when computing interannual air-sea CO2 flux variations through combining estimates of k with data for the air-sea CO2 gradient, it is not sufficient to bridge the gap between such estimates and estimates based on analyses of atmospheric oxygen, CO2 and delta(13)C data. Finally it is shown that the ambiguity in the relationship between wind speed and k introduces an uncertainty in interannual flux variations comparable to a bias of interannual Delta pCO(2) variations of at most +/- 5 mu atm. C1 Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Technol Res Inst, Santiago De Compostela 15782, Spain. RP Olsen, A (reprint author), Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, Allegaten 70, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. EM are.olsen@gfi.uib.no RI Olsen, Are/A-1511-2011 OI Olsen, Are/0000-0003-1696-9142 NR 33 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI COPENHAGEN PA 35 NORRE SOGADE, PO BOX 2148, DK-1016 COPENHAGEN, DENMARK SN 0280-6509 J9 TELLUS B JI Tellus Ser. B-Chem. Phys. Meteorol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 57 IS 2 BP 95 EP 106 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0889.2005.00134.x PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 914ZO UT WOS:000228267600002 ER PT J AU Ek, MB Holtslag, AAM AF Ek, MB Holtslag, AAM TI Evaluation of a land-surface scheme at Cabauw SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Joint Meeting of the European-Geophysical-Society/American-Geophysical-Union/European-Union-o f-Geoscience CY APR 06-11, 2003 CL Nice, FRANCE SP European Geophys Soc, Amer Geophys Union, European Union Geosci ID BOUNDARY-LAYER DEVELOPMENT; RIVER-BASIN EXPERIMENT; PARAMETERIZATION SCHEMES; TEMPORAL ANALYSIS; SOIL HYDROLOGY; ENERGY FLUXES; HAPEX-MOBILHY; PINE FOREST; MODEL; WATER AB We study the response of the land-surface to prescribed atmospheric forcing for 31 May 1978 at Cabauw, Netherlands. using the land-surface scheme from the Coupled Atmospheric boundary layer-Plant-Soil (CAPS) model. Results from model runs show realistic daytime surface fluxes are produced using a canopy conductance formulation derived from Cabauw data (for 1987, a different year), and un-tuned parameterizations of root density (near-uniform with depth) and soil heat flux (reduced thermal conductivity through vegetation). Sensitivity of model-calculated surface heat fluxes to initial values of soil moisture is also examined. Results of this Study provide the land-surface 'base state' for a coupled land-atmosphere modeling study. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. Univ Wageningen, Meteorol & Air Qual Sect, NL-6701 AP Wageningen, Netherlands. RP Ek, MB (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 207, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM Michael.Ek@noaa.gov; Bert.Holtslag@wur.nl RI Holtslag, Albert/B-7842-2010 OI Holtslag, Albert/0000-0003-0995-2481 NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD APR PY 2005 VL 80 IS 2-4 BP 213 EP 227 DI 10.1007/s00704-004-0101-4 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 931IC UT WOS:000229478000011 ER PT J AU Maucher, JA Ramsdell, JS AF Maucher, JA Ramsdell, JS TI Ultrasensitive detection of domoic acid in mouse blood by competitive ELISA using blood collection cards SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; ELISA; blood; ASP; mouse ID SEA LIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BREVETOXIN; EXPOSURE; CLEARANCE; SHELLFISH; MORTALITY; SERUM; RAT AB Domoic acid (DA), an analog of the excitatory amino acid glutamate, is produced by the diatom genus Pseudo-nitzschia and acts as a neurotoxin in humans. During diatom blooms, DA can contaminate shellfish, as well as other filter feeding organisms, and can be transferred by ingestion to higher trophic levels, including marine mammals and humans. The prevalence of this algal toxin and its effects on protected species makes measurement of domoic acid in living animals a necessary biomonitoring tool for the near future. Blood collection cards have already been used for the sampling, extraction and detection of brevetoxin in blood from exposed laboratory animals and, more recently, marine mammals. However, a difficulty unique to measuring DA in blood is the rapid rate (> 95% in 2 h) at which it is cleared from blood. To meet this challenge, a direct competitive ELISA (cELISA), a method of detection with extremely high sensitivity and specificity, was used to analyze the blood of DA-exposed mice after extraction from the blood collection cards. More than 99% of DA was cleared from blood within 4 h post dosage; however, domoic acid was still quantifiable (> 0.7 ng ml(-1)) at 4 h from blood spot extracts and still detectable at 24 h when compared to control blood spots. By using this highly sensitive assay in conjunction with the use of blood spot cards for easy blood sample extraction, this method could be a very effective means of biomonitoring domoic acid in marine mammals in the field, as well as human populations. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD APR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5 BP 607 EP 613 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.01.002 PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 916WD UT WOS:000228416400008 PM 15777957 ER PT J AU Myrick, DT Horel, JD Lazarus, SM AF Myrick, DT Horel, JD Lazarus, SM TI Local adjustment of the background error correlation for surface analyses over complex terrain SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; NONHYDROSTATIC ATMOSPHERIC SIMULATION; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; DATA ASSIMILATION; SUCCESSIVE CORRECTIONS; HOURLY ASSIMILATION; WEATHER PREDICTION; ANALYSIS SCHEME; PART I; MODEL AB The terrain between grid points is used to modify locally the background error correlation matrix in an objective analysis system. This modification helps to reduce the influence across mountain barriers of corrections to the background field that are derived from surface observations. This change to the background error correlation matrix is tested using an analytic case of surface temperature that encapsulates the significant features of nocturnal radiation inversions in mountain basins, which can be difficult to analyze because of locally sharp gradients in temperature. Bratseth successive corrections, optimal interpolation, and three-dimensional variational approaches are shown to yield exactly the same surface temperature analysis. Adding the intervening terrain term to the Bratseth approach led to solutions that match more closely the specified analytic solution. In addition, the convergence of the Bratseth solutions to the best linear unbiased estimation of the analytic solution is faster. The intervening terrain term was evaluated in objective analyses over the western United States derived from a modified version of the Advanced Regional Prediction System Data Assimilation System. Local adjustment of the background error correlation matrix led to improved surface temperature analyses by limiting the influence of observations in mountain valleys that may differ from the weather conditions present in adjacent valleys. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, NOAA, Coooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, 135 South 1460 East,Rm 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM dmyrick@met.utah.edu OI Lazarus, Steven/0000-0002-5918-1059 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 149 EP 160 DI 10.1175/WAF847.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918EK UT WOS:000228524900003 ER PT J AU Zapotocny, TH AF Zapotocny, TH TI A four-season impact study of rawinsonde, GOES, and POES data in the Eta Data Assimilation System. Part I: The total contribution SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID WINDS; WATER; NCEP AB The impact of in situ rawinsonde (raob) data, remotely sensed Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES), and Polar Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) data routinely used in NCEP's Eta Data Assimilation/Forecast System (EDAS) is studied for extended-length time periods during four seasons. The work described in this paper is relevant for users of the Eta Model trying to compare and contrast the overall forecast impact of traditional, mostly land-based rawinsonde data with remotely sensed data that are available domainwide. The case studies chosen consist of 15-day periods during fall 2001, winter 2001/02, spring 2002, and summer 2002. During these periods, a 32-km/60-layer November 2001 version of the EDAS is run four times at both 0000 and 1200 UTC. The four runs include a control run, which utilizes all data types routinely used in the EDAS, and three experimental runs in which either all rawinsonde, GOES, or POES data are denied. Differences between the experimental and control runs are then accumulated over the 15-day periods and analyzed to demonstrate the 24- and 48-h forecast impact of these data types in the EDAS. Conventional meteorological terms evaluated include mean sea level pressure as well as temperature, both components of the wind, and relative humidity. Comparisons are made on seven pressure levels extending from near the earth's surface to the lower stratosphere. The diagnostics are computed over both the entire horizontal model domain, and within a subsection covering the continental United States and adjacent coastal waters (extended CONUS). The 24-h domainwide results show that a positive forecast impact is achieved from all three data sources during all four seasons. Cumulatively, the rawinsonde data have the largest positive impact over both the entire model domain and extended CONUS. However, GOES data have the largest contribution for several fields, especially moisture during summer and fall, 2001. In general, GOES data also provide larger forecast impacts than POES data, especially for the wind components. All three data types demonstrate comparable forecast impact in terms of relative humidity. Finally, raob and POES data display a "spike" in positive forecast impact in the lower stratosphere during three of the four seasons. Two additional findings from this study are also important. The first is that the forecast impact of all data types drops by at least a factor of 2 during all seasons between 24 and 48 h. The second is that GOES data show a preference for providing nearly equal improvement to the 0000 and 1200 UTC forecast cycles, while rawinsonde and especially POES data provide consistently larger forecast impacts at 1200 than at 0000 UTC. C1 Univ Wisconsin, SSEC, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. RP Zapotocny, TH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, SSEC, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tomz@ssec.wisc.edu NR 25 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 161 EP 177 DI 10.1175/WAF837.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918EK UT WOS:000228524900004 ER PT J AU Zapotocny, TH Menzel, WP Jung, JA Nelson, JP AF Zapotocny, TH Menzel, WP Jung, JA Nelson, JP TI A four-season impact study of rawinsonde, GOES, and POES data in the Eta Data Assimilation System. Part II: Contribution of the components SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB The impact of in situ rawinsonde observations (raob), remotely sensed Geostationary Operational Environniental Satellite (GOES), and Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite (POES) observations routinely used in NCEP's Eta Data Assimilation/Forecast System (EDAS) is studied for extended-length time periods during four seasons. This work examines the contribution of nine individual components of the total observing system. The nine data types examined include rawinsonde mass and wind observations, GOES mass and wind observations. POES observations from the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU). the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU-A and AMSU-B), the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS), and column total precipitable water and low-level wind observations from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). The results are relevant for users of the Eta Model trying to compare/ contrast the overall forecast impact of traditional, largely land-based rawinsonde observations against remotely sensed satellite observations, which are available domainwide. The case studies chosen consist of 15-day periods during fall 2001, winter 2001/02, spring 2002, and summer 2002. Throughout these periods, a November 2001 32-km version of the EDAS is run 10 times at both 0000 and 1200 UTC. The 10 runs include a control run, which utilizes all data types routinely used in the EDAS. and 9 experimental runs in which one of the component data types noted above is denied. Differences between the experimental and control runs are then accumulated over the 15-day periods and analyzed to demonstrate the 00-h sensitivity and 24-h forecast impact of these individual data types in the EDAS. The diagnostics are computed over the entire horizontal model domain and a subsection covering the continental United States (CONUS) and adjacent coastal waters on isobaric surfaces extending into the lower stratosphere. The 24-h forecast impact results show that a positive forecast impact is achieved from most of the nine component data sources during all four time periods. HIRS, MSU, and SSM/I wind observations yield only a slight positive forecast impact to all fields. Rawinsonde and GOES wind observations have the largest positive forecast impact for temperature over both the entire model domain and the extended CONUS. The same data types also provide the largest forecast impact to the it component of the wind, while GOES wind observations provide the largest forecast impact to moisture. C1 Univ Wisconsin, SSEC, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. RP Zapotocny, TH (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, SSEC, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tomz@ssec.wise.edu RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 11 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 178 EP 198 DI 10.1175/WAF838.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918EK UT WOS:000228524900005 ER PT J AU Schneider, JM Garbrecht, JD Unger, DA AF Schneider, JM Garbrecht, JD Unger, DA TI A heuristic method for time disaggregation of seasonal climate forecasts SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article AB To be immediately useful in practical applications that employ daily weather generators, seasonal climate forecasts issued for overlapping 3-month periods need to be disaggregated into a sequence of 1-month forecasts. Direct linear algebraic approaches to disaggregation produce physically unrealistic sequences of monthly forecasts. As an alternative, a heuristic method has been developed to disaggregate the NOAA/ Climate Prediction Center (CPC) probability of exceedance seasonal precipitation forecasts, and tested on observed precipitation data for 1971-2000 or the 102 forecast divisions covering the contiguous United States. This simple method produces monthly values that replicate the direction and amplitude of variations on the 3-month time scale, and approach the amplitude of variations on the 1-month scale, without any unrealistic behavior. Root-mean-square errors between the disaggregated values and the actual precipitation over the 30-yr test period and all forecast divisions averaged 0.94 in., which is 39% of the mean monthly precipitation, and 58% of the monthly standard deviation. This method performs equally well across widely different precipitation regimes and does a reasonable job reproducing the sudden onset of strong seasonal variations such as the southwest U.S. monsoon. C1 USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NWS, NOAA, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Schneider, JM (reprint author), USDA ARS, Grazinglands Res Lab, 7207 W Cheyenne St, El Reno, OK 73036 USA. EM schneide@grl.ars.usda.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD APR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 212 EP 221 DI 10.1175/WAF839.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 918EK UT WOS:000228524900007 ER PT J AU Burnett, DJ Gabelnick, AM Fischer, DA Marsh, AL Gland, JL AF Burnett, DJ Gabelnick, AM Fischer, DA Marsh, AL Gland, JL TI In situ soft X-ray studies of ethylene oxidation mechanisms and intermediates on the Pt(IIII) surface SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; VISCOUS PRESSURE REGIME; PT(111) SURFACE; CATALYTIC-OXIDATION; STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; FLUORESCENCE METHODS; CRYSTAL-FACE; PLATINUM; ACETYLENE AB In situ studies of ethylene oxidation on Pt(111) have been performed using a powerful combination of fluorescence yield soft X-ray methods for temperatures up to 600 K and oxygen pressures up to 0.01 Torr. Absolute carbon coverages have been determined both in steady-state and dynamic catalytic conditions on the Pt(111) surface. Fluorescence yield near-edge spectroscopy (FYNES) and temperature-programmed fluorescence yield near-edge spectroscopy (TP-FYNES) experiments above the carbon K edge were used to identify the structure and bonding of the dominant surface species during oxidation. TP-FYNES experiments of preadsorbed ethylene coverages in oxygen pressures up to 0.01 Torr indicate a stable intermediate is formed over the 215-300 K temperature range. By comparing the intensity of the C-H sigma* resonance at the magic angle with the intensity in the carbon continuum, the stoichiometry of this intermediate has been determined explicitly. Based on calibration with known C-H stoichiometries, the intermediate has a C2H3 stoichiometry for oxygen pressures up to 0.01 Tort, indicating oxydehydrogenation occurs before skeletal oxidation. FYNES spectra at normal and glancing incidences were performed to characterize the structure and bonding of this intermediate. Using FYNES spectra of ethylene, ethylidyne, and acetylene as reference standard, this procedure indicates the oxidation intermediate is tri-sigma vinyl. Thus, oxidation of ethylene proceeds through a vinyl intermediate, with oxydehydrogenation preceding skeletal oxidation. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gland, JL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM gland@umich.edu NR 51 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 31 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 12 BP 5659 EP 5666 DI 10.1021/jp048106u PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 911HS UT WOS:000227993800046 PM 16851611 ER PT J AU Sonwane, CG Li, Q AF Sonwane, CG Li, Q TI Structure and transport properties of nanostructured materials SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; SURFACE-DIFFUSION; ELECTROSTATIC POTENTIALS; MCM-41; ADSORPTION; RANGE AB In the present manuscript, we have presented the simulation of nanoporous aluminum oxide using a molecular-dynamics approach with recently developed dynamic charge transfer potential using serial/parallel programming techniques (Streitz and Mintmire Phys. Rev. B 1994, 50, 11996). The structures resembling recently invented ordered nanoporous crystalline material, MCM-41/SBA-15 (Kresge et al. Nature 1992, 359, 710), and inverted porous solids (hollow nanospheres) with up to 10 000 atoms were fabricated and studied in the present work. These materials have been used for separation of gases and catalysis. On several occasions including the design of the reactor, the knowledge of surface diffusion is necessary. In the present work, a new method for estimating surface transport of gases based on a hybrid Monte Carlo method with unbiased random walk of tracer atom on the pore surface has been introduced. The nonoverlapping packings used in the present work were fabricated using an algorithm of very slowly settling rigid spheres from a dilute suspension into a randomly packed bed. The algorithm was modified to obtain unimodal, homogeneous Gaussian and segregated bimodal porous solids. The porosity of these solids was varied by densification using an arbitrary function or by coarsening from a highly densified pellet. The surface tortuosity for the densified solids indicated an inverted bell shape curve consistent with the fact that at very high porosities there is a reduction in the connectivity while at low porosities the pores become inaccessible or dead-end. The first passage time distribution approach was found to be more efficient in terms of computation time (fewer tracer atoms needed for the linearity of Einstein's plot). Results by hybrid discrete-continuum simulations were close to the discrete simulations for a boundary layer thickness of 5 lambda. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, UMCP, NIST, Co Lab Nanoparticle Based Mfg & Metrol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sonwane, CG (reprint author), NIST, 836-221,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shekar@nanoporous.com RI Li, Qin/J-4431-2013 OI Li, Qin/0000-0002-3934-6004 NR 28 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAR 31 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 12 BP 5691 EP 5699 DI 10.1021/jp044775w PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 911HS UT WOS:000227993800050 PM 16851615 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Lynn, JW Toby, BH Foo, ML Cava, RJ AF Huang, Q Lynn, JW Toby, BH Foo, ML Cava, RJ TI Characterization of the structural transition in Na0.75CoO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID BRONZES; SODIUM AB In the NaxCoO2 chemical system, a two-phase region is found at ambient temperature near x = 0.75. The manner in which that two-phase region is formed on cooling from a uniform single phase at temperatures above 340 K is reported here. The driving force that induces the phase separation appears to be a difference in Na composition of the two phases, which, though small, is accompanied by substantial differences in the unit cell parameters. Hysteretic behaviour in the transition is observed. One of the phases exhibits negative thermal expansion in the narrow temperature region where the phases are in the process of separating. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Huang, Q (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Foo, Maw Lin/H-9273-2012; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 EI 1361-648X J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD MAR 30 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 12 BP 1831 EP 1840 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/12/007 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 919KK UT WOS:000228616700011 ER PT J AU Lee, JJ Stanger, KJ Noll, BC Gonzalez, C Marquez, M Smith, BD AF Lee, JJ Stanger, KJ Noll, BC Gonzalez, C Marquez, M Smith, BD TI Rapid fixation of methylene chloride by a macrocyclic amine SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOLVENT PROPERTIES; REACTIVITY; DICHLOROMETHANE C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Walther Canc Res Ctr, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Smith, BD (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM smith.115@nd.edu RI Lee, Jung-Jae/B-6837-2008 NR 13 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 30 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 12 BP 4184 EP 4185 DI 10.1021/ja042208g PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 909YB UT WOS:000227895500034 PM 15783196 ER PT J AU Lovas, FJ McMahon, RJ Grabow, JU Schnell, M Mack, J Scott, LT Kuczkowski, RL AF Lovas, FJ McMahon, RJ Grabow, JU Schnell, M Mack, J Scott, LT Kuczkowski, RL TI Interstellar chemistry: A strategy for detecting polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in space SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROMETER; INTERPLANETARY DUST; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CORANNULENE; FULLERENES; BEAM; IDENTIFICATION; SPECTROSCOPY; INVERSION; PHASE AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have long been postulated as constituents of the interstellar gas and circumstellar disks. Observational infrared emission spectra have been plausibly interpreted in support of this hypothesis, but the small (or zero) dipole moments of planar, unsubstituted PAHs preclude their definitive radio astronomical identification. Polar PAHs, such as corannulene, thus represent important targets for radio astronomy because they offer the possibilities of confirming the existence of PAHs in space and revealing new insight into the chemistry of the interstellar medium. Toward this objective, the high-resolution rotational spectrum of corannulene has been obtained by Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy, and the dipole moment (2.07 D) of this exceptionally polar PAH has been measured by exploiting the Stark effect. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Phys Chem, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. Boston Coll, Merket Chem Ctr, Dept Chem, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, 1101 Univ Ave, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mcmahon@chem.wisc.edu RI Schnell, Melanie/D-5329-2014 NR 36 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 30 PY 2005 VL 127 IS 12 BP 4345 EP 4349 DI 10.1021/ja0426239 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 909YB UT WOS:000227895500054 PM 15783216 ER PT J AU Tervahattu, H Juhanoja, J Vaida, V Tuck, AF Niemi, JV Kupiainen, K Kulmala, M Vehkamaki, H AF Tervahattu, H Juhanoja, J Vaida, V Tuck, AF Niemi, JV Kupiainen, K Kulmala, M Vehkamaki, H TI Fatty acids on continental sulfate aerosol particles SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION SOURCES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; MOLECULAR TRACERS; SOURCE RECONCILIATION; PARTICULATE MATTER; EMISSION FACTORS; TOF-SIMS; IDENTIFICATION; URBAN AB [1] Surface analyses of atmospheric aerosols from different continental sources, such as forest fires and coal and straw burning, show that organic surfactants are found on such aerosols. The predominant organic species detected by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry on the sulfate aerosols are fatty acids of different carbon chain length up to the C-32 acid. These observations are consistent with literature accounts of functional group analysis of bulk samples, but this is the first direct evidence of fatty acid films on the surface of sulfate aerosols. Surface analysis leads to the conclusion that fatty acid films on continental aerosols may be more common than has been previously suggested. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Top Analyt Ltd, Turku, Finland. Univ Helsinki, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Phys Sci, Helsinki, Finland. Nordic Envicon Oy, FIN-00790 Helsinki, Finland. RP Tervahattu, H (reprint author), Nordic Envicon Oy, Koetilantie 3, FIN-00790 Helsinki, Finland. EM heikki.tervahattu@helsinki.fi RI Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011; Vaida, Veronica/N-6069-2014; Vehkamaki, Hanna/A-8262-2008; Kulmala, Markku/I-7671-2016 OI Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538; Vaida, Veronica/0000-0001-5863-8056; Vehkamaki, Hanna/0000-0002-5018-1255; Kulmala, Markku/0000-0003-3464-7825 NR 43 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 25 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D6 AR D06207 DI 10.1029/2004JD005400 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 913LS UT WOS:000228153800005 ER PT J AU Greiner, M Regal, CA Stewart, JT Jin, DS AF Greiner, M Regal, CA Stewart, JT Jin, DS TI Probing pair-correlated fermionic atoms through correlations in atom shot noise SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GAS; CONDENSATION AB Pair-correlated fermionic atoms are created through dissociation of weakly bound molecules near a magnetic-field Feshbach resonance. We show that correlations between atoms in different spin states can be detected using the atom shot noise in absorption images. Furthermore, using time-of-flight imaging we have observed atom pair correlations in momentum space. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Greiner, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM markus.greiner@colorado.edu RI Greiner, Markus/A-8502-2010 NR 23 TC 227 Z9 228 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 25 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 11 AR 110401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.110401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 910IA UT WOS:000227923200001 PM 15903831 ER PT J AU Murphy, DM AF Murphy, DM TI Something in the air SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID ORGANIC AEROSOL; UNITED-STATES; COMPONENTS; PARTICLES C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235 NR 15 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 25 PY 2005 VL 307 IS 5717 BP 1888 EP 1890 DI 10.1126/science.1108160 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 910UI UT WOS:000227957300037 PM 15790835 ER PT J AU Fahr, A Laufer, AH AF Fahr, A Laufer, AH TI UV-absorption spectra of the radical transients generated from the 193-mn photolysis of allene, propyne, and 2-butyne SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PHOTODISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; NM PHOTOLYSIS; METHYLACETYLENE AB The 193-nm photochemistry of allene (H2C=C=CH2), propyne (H3C-C&3bond; CH), and 2-butyne (H3C-C&3bond; CCH3) has been examined, and the UV spectral region between 220 and 350 nm has been surveyed for UV-absorption detection of transient species generated from the photolysis of these molecules. Time-resolved UV-absorption spectroscopy was used for detection of transient absorption. Gas chromatographic/mass spectroscopic (GC/MS) analysis of the photolyzed samples were employed for identification of the final photodissociation products. An emphasis of the study has been on the examination of possibilities of formation of different C3H3 isomeric radicals, that is, propargyl (H2CCCH) or propynyl (H3CCC), from the 193-nm photolysis of these molecules. Survey of the UV spectral region, following the 193-nm photolysis of dilute mixtures of allene/He resulted in detection of a strong absorption band around 230 nm and a weaker band in the 320-nm region with a relative intensity of about 8:1. The time-resolved absorption traces after the photolysis event show an instantaneous rise, followed by a simple decay. The spectral features, observed in this work, following 193-nm photolysis of allene are in good agreement with the previously reported spectrum of H2CCCH radical in the 240- and 320-nm regions and are believed to originate primarily from propargyl radicals. In comparison, the spectra obtained from the 193-nm photolysis of dilute mixtures of HCCCH3/He and CH3-CCCH3/He were nearly identical, consisting of two relatively broad bands centered at about 240- and 320-nm regions with a relative intensity of about 2: 1, respectively. In addition, the time-resolved absorption traces after photolysis of propyne and 2-butyne samples, both in the 240 and 320 nm regions, indicated an instant rise followed by an additional slower absorption rise. The distinct differences between the results of allene with those of propyne and 2-butyne suggest the observed absorption features following 193-nm photolysis of these molecules are likely to be composite with contributions from a number of transient species other than propargyl radicals. Propyne and 2-butyne are structurally similar. The methyl (CH3) and propynyl (CH3C&3bond; C) radicals are likely to be among the photodissociation products of 2-butyne, and similarly, propynyl is likely to be a photodissociation product of propyne. GC/MS product analysis of photolyzed 2-butyne/He mixtures indicates the formation of C2H6 (formed from the combination of CH3 radicals), and a number of C6H6 and C4H6 isomers formed from self- and cross reactions of C3H3 and CH3 radicals, including 1,5-hexadiyne and 2,4-hexadyine, that are potential products of combination reactions of propargyl as well as propynyl radicals. C1 American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fahr, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fahr@american.edu NR 19 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 24 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 11 BP 2534 EP 2539 DI 10.1021/jp0406058 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 907RA UT WOS:000227734400017 PM 16833555 ER PT J AU Vogt, BD Pai, RA Lee, HJ Hedden, RC Soles, CL Wu, WL Lin, EK Bauer, BJ Watkins, JJ AF Vogt, BD Pai, RA Lee, HJ Hedden, RC Soles, CL Wu, WL Lin, EK Bauer, BJ Watkins, JJ TI Characterization of ordered mesoporous silica films using small-angle neutron scattering and X-ray porosimetry SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID K THIN-FILMS; PORE-SIZE; ANNIHILATION LIFETIME; NITROGEN SORPTION; SBA-15 SILICAS; ADSORPTION; MCM-41; MICROPOROSITY; DISTRIBUTIONS; SPECTROSCOPY AB Ordered mesoporous silica films were synthesized using pre-organized block copolymer templates in supercritical carbon dioxide. Poly(ethylene oxide-block-propylene oxide-block-ethylene oxide), PEO-bPPO-b-PEO,films doped with p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) were infused with carbon dioxide solutions of silica precursors. Silica condensation proceeded selectively in the hydrophilic PEO domain due to selective partitioning of the acid catalyst in the template during its preparation. Removal of the organic template by calcination at 400 C yielded robust mesoporous films. The films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE), X-ray reflectivity (XR), Rutherford backscattering (RBS), forward recoil elastic spectroscopy (FRES), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). The pore structure and distribution was probed using contrast variation SANS porosimetry and X-ray porosimetry. Two distinct populations of pores are present in the films. Spherical mesopores were templated by the hydrophobic domain of the copolymer. Micropores in the pore walls are present due to removal of the hydrophilic PEO block, which forms an interpenetrating network (IPN)-like structure with the silicate network during infusion and condensation of the precursor. The wall density was determined to be (1.95 +/- 0.05) g cm(-3) and the overall porosity was found to be 39 vol %, with good agreement between the SANS and X-ray reflectivity results. A significant fraction of the total porosity, 44% to 53%, in these materials is attributed to the micropores in the wall structure. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.vogt@nist.gov; watkins@ecs.umass.edu RI Hedden, Ronald/M-3909-2014 OI Hedden, Ronald/0000-0003-3571-1403 NR 41 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 40 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAR 22 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 6 BP 1398 EP 1408 DI 10.1021/cm048654k PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 908FF UT WOS:000227772100024 ER PT J AU Ouyang, ZW Wang, FW Hang, Q Liu, WF Liu, GY Lynn, JW Liang, JK Rao, GH AF Ouyang, ZW Wang, FW Hang, Q Liu, WF Liu, GY Lynn, JW Liang, JK Rao, GH TI Temperature dependent neutron powder diffraction study of the Laves phase compound TbCo2 SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE magnetic structure; neutron powder diffraction; Laves phase; rhombohedral distortion ID ITINERANT-ELECTRON METAMAGNETISM; INTERMETALLIC COMPOUNDS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES AB The structure, magnetization and magnetostriction of Laves phase compound TbCo2 are investigated by temperature dependent high resolution neutron powder diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the cubic Laves phase C15 structure above its Curie temperature T-c and exhibits a rhombohedral distortion (space group R (3) over barm) below T-c. By an appropriate extrapolation of the temperature factor of Co atom above Tc, the Rietveld refinement of the neutron powder diffraction data of the rhombohedral structure converges satisfactorily and reveals that the moments of Co1(3b) and Co2(9e) are almost equal. Tb moment follows well the Brillouin function. The total magnetic moment of TbCo2 is about 5-8mu(B)/f.u., the anisotropic magnetostriction constant lambda(111) is about 4.6 x 10(-3) and the volume magnetostriction omega(s) is about 8.7 x 10(-3) at 14 K. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. NIST, Ctr Neuron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Acad Sinica, Int Ctr Mat Phys, Shenyang 110015, Peoples R China. RP Rao, GH (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM ghrao@aphy.iphy.ac.cn NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD MAR 22 PY 2005 VL 390 IS 1-2 BP 21 EP 25 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2004.08.028 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 903NI UT WOS:000227432300007 ER PT J AU Rathgeber, S Pakula, T Wilk, A Matyjaszewski, K Beers, KL AF Rathgeber, S Pakula, T Wilk, A Matyjaszewski, K Beers, KL TI On the shape of bottle-brush macromolecules: Systematic variation of architectural parameters SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HELICAL WORMLIKE CHAINS; SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; COPOLYMER CYLINDRICAL BRUSHES; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; INTRINSIC-VISCOSITY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; TRANSPORT-COEFFICIENTS; LYOTROPIC BEHAVIOR AB We measured the form factor of bottle-brush macromolecules under good solvent conditions with small-angle neutron scattering and static light scattering. The systems under investigation are brushes, synthesized via the grafting-from route, built from a poly(alkyl methacrylate) backbone to which poly(n-butyl acrylate) side chains are densely grafted. The aim of our work is to study how the systematic variation of structural parameters such as the side chain length and backbone length change the conformation of the polymer brushes in solution. All spectra can be consistently described by a model, considering the bottle-brush polymers as flexible rods with internal density fluctuations. Parameters discussed are (1) the contour length per main chain monomer l(b), (2) the fractal dimension of the side chains D-s, as well as (3) the fractal dimension D, and (4) the Kuhn length lambda(k) of the overall brush. l(b)=0.253 +/- 0.008 nm is found to be independent of the side chain length and equal to the value found for the bare main chain, indicating a strongly stretched conformation for the backbone due to the presence of the side chains. The fractal dimension of the side chains is determined to be D-s=1.75 +/- 0.07 which is very close to the value of 1/0.588 approximate to 1.70 expected for a three-dimensional self-avoiding random walk (3D-SAW) under good solvent conditions. On larger length scales the overall brush appears to be a 3D-SAW itself (D=1.64 +/- 0.08) with a Kuhn-step length of lambda(k)=70 +/- 4 nm. The value is independent of the side chain length and 46 times larger than the Kuhn length of the bare backbone (lambda(k)=1.8 +/- 0.2 nm). The ratio of Kuhn length to brush diameter lambda(k)/d >= 20 determines whether lyotropic behavior can be expected or not. Since longer side chains do not lead to more persistent structures, lambda(k)/d decreases from 8 to 4 with increasing side chain length and lyotropic behavior becomes unlikely. C1 Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Festkorperforschung Weiche Materie, D-52425 Julich, Germany. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rathgeber, S (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Polymer Res, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RI Wilk, Agnieszka/D-1235-2011; MPIP, AK Butt/B-8805-2009; Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof/A-2508-2008 OI Matyjaszewski, Krzysztof/0000-0003-1960-3402 NR 66 TC 83 Z9 84 U1 6 U2 60 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 22 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 12 AR 124904 DI 10.1063/1.1860531 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 915HD UT WOS:000228287900059 PM 15836421 ER PT J AU Whitney, ES Zolot, AM McCoy, AB Francisco, JS Nesbitt, DJ AF Whitney, ES Zolot, AM McCoy, AB Francisco, JS Nesbitt, DJ TI Reactive scattering dynamics in atom plus polyatomic systems: F+C2H6 -> HF(v,J)+C2H5 SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; STATE-TO-STATE; DIATOM-DIATOM REACTIONS; MOLECULAR-BEAM; REACTION PRODUCTS; SPIN-ORBIT; INFRARED CHEMILUMINESCENCE; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; VIBRATIONAL-ENERGY; SUPERSONIC JETS AB State-to-state scattering dynamics of F+C2H6-> HF(v,J)+C2H5 have been investigated at E-com=3.2(6) kcal/mol under single-collision conditions, via detection of nascent rovibrationally resolved HF(v,J) product states with high-resolution infrared laser absorption methods. State-resolved Doppler absorption profiles are recorded for multiple HF(v,J) transitions originating in the v=0,1,2,3 manifold, analyzed to yield absolute column-integrated densities via known HF transition moments, and converted into nascent probabilities via density-to-flux analysis. The spectral resolution of the probe laser also permits Doppler study of translational energy release into quantum-state-resolved HF fragments, which reveals a remarkable linear correlation between (i) HF(v,J) translational recoil and (ii) the remaining energy available, E-avail=E-tot-E-HF(v,E-J). The dynamics are interpreted in the context of a simple impulsive model based on conservation of linear/angular momentum that yields predictions in good agreement with experiment. Deviations from the model indicate only minor excitation of ethyl vibrations, in contrast with a picture of extensive intramolecular vibrational energy flow but consistent with Franck-Condon excitation of the methylene CH2 bending mode. The results suggest a relatively simple dynamical picture for exothermic atom+polyatomic scattering, i.e., that of early barrier dynamics in atom+diatom systems but modified by impulsive recoil coupling at the transition state between translational/rotational degrees of freedom. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Whitney, ES (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Zolot, Alexander/C-7450-2013 NR 65 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 22 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 12 AR 124310 DI 10.1063/1.1868553 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 915HD UT WOS:000228287900019 PM 15836381 ER PT J AU Loizou, E Butler, P Porcar, L Kesselman, E Talmon, Y Dundigalla, A Schmidt, G AF Loizou, E Butler, P Porcar, L Kesselman, E Talmon, Y Dundigalla, A Schmidt, G TI Large scale structures in nanocomposite hydrogels SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; POLYMER-CLAY SOLUTIONS; FLOW-BIREFRINGENCE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; COLLOIDAL DISKS; PEO MIXTURES; LAPONITE; GEL; RHEOLOGY; GELATION C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RP Schmidt, G (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM gudrun@lsu.edu RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 19 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 22 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 6 BP 2047 EP 2049 DI 10.1021/ma047411a PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 908AS UT WOS:000227760100008 ER PT J AU Dupree, AK Lobel, A Young, PR Ake, TB Linsky, JL Redfield, S AF Dupree, AK Lobel, A Young, PR Ake, TB Linsky, JL Redfield, S TI A far-ultraviolet spectroscopic survey of luminous cool stars SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE stars : chromospheres; stars : winds, outflows; ultraviolet : stars ID LOCAL INTERSTELLAR-MEDIUM; HYBRID-CHROMOSPHERE STARS; CORONAL FORBIDDEN LINES; LOW-GRAVITY STARS; LATE-TYPE GIANTS; TRANSITION REGION; EMISSION-LINES; X-RAY; EXPLORER-SURVEY; LYMAN-ALPHA AB The Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer ( FUSE) ultraviolet spectra of eight giant and supergiant stars reveal that high-temperature (3 x 10(5) K) atmospheres are common in luminous cool stars and extend across the color-magnitude diagram from alpha Car (F0 II) to the cool giant alpha Tau (K5 III). Emission present in these spectra includes chromospheric H Ly beta, Fe II, C I, and transition region lines of C III, O VI, Si III, and Si IV. Emission lines of Fe XVIII and Fe XIX signaling temperatures of similar to 107 K and coronal material are found in the most active stars, beta Cet and 31 Com. A short-term flux variation, perhaps a flare, was detected in beta Cet during our observation. Stellar surface fluxes of the emission of C III and O vi are correlated and decrease rapidly toward the cooler stars, reminiscent of the decay of magnetically heated atmospheres. Profiles of the C III lambda 977 lines suggest that mass outflow is underway at T similar to 80,000 K and the winds are warm. Indications of outflow at higher temperatures (3 x 10(5) K) are revealed by O VI asymmetries and the line widths themselves. High-temperature species are absent in the M supergiant alpha Ori. Narrow fluorescent lines of Fe II appear in the spectra of many giants and supergiants, apparently pumped by H Ly alpha, and formed in extended atmospheres. Instrumental characteristics that affect cool star spectra are discussed. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, CSC, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dupree, AK (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM adupree@cfa.harvard.edu; alobel@cfa.harvard.edu; p.r.young@rl.ac.uk; ake@pha.jhu.edu; jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu; sredfiel@astro.as.utexas.edu OI Redfield, Seth/0000-0003-3786-3486 NR 87 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAR 20 PY 2005 VL 622 IS 1 BP 629 EP 652 DI 10.1086/428111 PN 1 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 907TM UT WOS:000227740900054 ER PT J AU Petropavlovskikh, I Ahn, C Bhartia, PK Flynn, LE AF Petropavlovskikh, I Ahn, C Bhartia, PK Flynn, LE TI Comparison and covalidation of ozone anomalies and variability observed in SBUV(/2) and Umkehr northern midlatitude ozone profile estimates SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRENDS AB This analysis presents comparisons of upper-stratosphere ozone information observed by two independent systems: the Solar Backscatter UltraViolet (SBUV and SBUV/2) satellite instruments, and ground-based Dobson spectrophotometers. Both the new SBUV Version 8 and the new UMK04 profile retrieval algorithms are optimized for studying long-term variability and trends in ozone. Trend analyses of the ozone time series from the SBUV(/2) data set are complex because of the multiple instruments involved, changes in the instruments' geolocation, and short periods of overlaps for inter-calibrations among different instruments. Three northern middle latitudes Dobson ground stations (Arosa, Boulder, and Tateno) are used in this analysis to validate the trend quality of the combined 25-year SBUV/2 time series, 1979 to 2003. Generally, differences between the satellite and ground-based data do not suggest any significant time-dependent shifts or trends. The shared features confirm the value of these data sets for studies of ozone variability. C1 NOAA, RARL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv Head, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Petropavlovskikh, I (reprint author), NOAA, RARL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM irina.petro@noaa.gov RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 19 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 AR L06805 DI 10.1029/2004GL022002 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 909QD UT WOS:000227874500002 ER PT J AU Pipino, ACR Silin, V AF Pipino, ACR Silin, V TI Gold nanoparticle response to nitro-compounds probed by cavity ring-down spectroscopy SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SMALL METAL PARTICLES; THIN-FILMS; OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY; AU(111) SURFACES; NITROGEN-DIOXIDE; VAPOR DETECTION; ADSORPTION; NO2; SENSORS; NITROMETHANE AB The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) response of Au nanoparticles to adsorption of NO2, C6H5NO2, and 2,4-dinitrotoluene (DNT) is probed using the cavity ring-down technique. A uniquely sensitive first-layer response is observed for nanoparticles having a mean diameter of 4.5 nm, which appears characteristic of the -NO2 group. Detection limits of 1.2 nmol/L (29 ppb), 7.6 nmol/L (184 ppb). and 0.17 nmol/L (4.1 ppb), are estimated for NO2, C6H5NO2, and DNT, respectively. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pipino, ACR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.pipino@nist.gov NR 34 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 2005 VL 404 IS 4-6 BP 361 EP 364 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.01.120 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 909OD UT WOS:000227868300026 ER PT J AU Heim, RR AF Heim, RR TI Computing the monthly Palmer Drought Index on a weekly basis: A case study comparing data estimation techniques SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB [1] A methodology is presented for estimating mean monthly temperature and total monthly precipitation before the month is over. The approach involves combining observed data for the month to date with daily normals for the remainder of the month. It is demonstrated to be superior to two other techniques, a persistence method and a moving window method. This normals technique allows the computation of an operational monthly Palmer Drought Index on a weekly (or even daily) basis which is consistent with historical drought indices of the recent past. C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Heim, RR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM richard.heim@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 18 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 AR L06401 DI 10.1029/2004GL022118 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 909QC UT WOS:000227874400004 ER PT J AU Panchal, RG Halverson, KM Ribot, W Lane, D Kenny, T Abshire, TG Ezzell, JW Hoover, TA Powell, B Little, S Kasianowicz, JJ Bavari, S AF Panchal, RG Halverson, KM Ribot, W Lane, D Kenny, T Abshire, TG Ezzell, JW Hoover, TA Powell, B Little, S Kasianowicz, JJ Bavari, S TI Purified Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin complex formed in Vitro and during infection exhibits functional and biological activity SO JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN COMPONENT; PROTEIN-KINASE KINASE; PLANAR LIPID-BILAYERS; PROTEOLYTIC INACTIVATION; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; FACTOR CLEAVES; EDEMA FACTOR; N-TERMINUS; MEMBRANE; CHANNEL AB Anthrax protective antigen (PA, 83 kDa), a pore-forming protein, upon protease activation to 63 kDa (PA(63)), translocates lethal factor (LF) and edema factor (EF) from endosomes into the cytosol of the cell. The relatively small size of the heptameric PA(63) pore (similar to 12 angstrom) raises questions as to how large molecules such as LF and EF can move through the pore. In addition, the reported high binding affinity between PA and EF/LF suggests that EF/LF may not dissociate but remain complexed with activated PA(63). In this study, we found that purified (PA(63))(7)-LF complex exhibited biological and functional activities similar to the free LF. Purified LF complexed with PA(63) heptamer was able to cleave both a synthetic peptide substrate and endogenous mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase substrates and kill susceptible macrophage cells. Electrophysiological studies of the complex showed strong rectification of the ionic current at positive voltages, an effect similar to that observed if LF is added to the channels formed by heptameric PA(63) pore. Complexes of (PA(63))(7)-LF found in the plasma of infected animals showed functional activity. Identifying active complex in the blood of infected animals has important implications for therapeutic design, especially those directed against PA and LF. Our studies suggest that the individual toxin components and the complex must be considered as critical targets for anthrax therapeutics. C1 USAMRIID, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NCI SAIC Frederick, NIH, Dev Therapeut Program, Target Struct Based Drug Discovery Grp, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Panchal, RG (reprint author), USAMRIID, 1425 Porter St, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM rekha.panchal@amedd.army.mil; sina.bavari@amedd.army.mil NR 37 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 0021-9258 J9 J BIOL CHEM JI J. Biol. Chem. PD MAR 18 PY 2005 VL 280 IS 11 BP 10834 EP 10839 DI 10.1074/jbc.M412210200 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 905HQ UT WOS:000227559600131 PM 15644338 ER PT J AU Michalsky, JJ Dolce, R Dutton, EG Haeffelin, M Jeffries, W Stoffel, T Hickey, J Los, A Mathias, D McArthur, LJB Nelson, D Philipona, R Reda, I Rutledge, K Zerlaut, G Forgan, B Kiedron, P Long, C Gueymard, C AF Michalsky, JJ Dolce, R Dutton, EG Haeffelin, M Jeffries, W Stoffel, T Hickey, J Los, A Mathias, D McArthur, LJB Nelson, D Philipona, R Reda, I Rutledge, K Zerlaut, G Forgan, B Kiedron, P Long, C Gueymard, C TI Toward the development of a diffuse horizontal shortwave irradiance working standard SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-FREE SKIES; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; THERMAL OFFSET; SURFACE; PYRANOMETER AB [1] The first intensive observation period (IOP) to simultaneously measure diffuse horizontal shortwave irradiance (scattered solar radiation that falls on a horizontal surface) with a wide array of shaded pyranometers suggested that a consensus might be reached that would permit the establishment of a standard with a smaller uncertainty than previously achieved. A second IOP has been held to refine the first IOP measurements using a uniform calibration protocol, offset corrections for all instruments and validation of those corrections, improvements in some of the instruments, and better data acquisition. The venue for both IOPs was the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement central facility in northern Oklahoma. The 9 days of measurements in October 2003 included a better mixture of clear and overcast conditions than during the first IOP and revealed considerable differences among the instruments' responses for different cloud conditions. Four of the 15 instruments were eliminated as candidates to be included in the standard because of noisy signals, inadequate offset correction, or instability with respect to the majority of the measurements. Eight pyranometers agreed to within +/- 2% for clear-sky conditions. Three others have a high bias on clear days relative to these eight, but all 11 agree within +/- 2% on overcast days. The differences and causes of this behavior under clear and cloudy skies are examined. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Surface Radiat Res Branch, RARL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Kipp & Zonen Inc, Bohemia, NY 11716 USA. NOAA, RECGI, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Bur Meteorol, Australian Reg Instrument Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3000, Australia. Solar Consulting Serv, New Smyrna Beach, FL 32816 USA. Ecole Polytech, IPSL, LMD, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. Eppley Lab Inc, Newport, RI 02840 USA. Yankee Environm Syst Inc, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Carter Scott Design, Brunswick, Vic 3056, Australia. Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meterol Observ, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EKO Instruments Co Ltd, Shibuya Ku, Tokyo 1510073, Japan. RP Michalsky, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Surface Radiat Res Branch, RARL, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joseph.michalsky@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 18 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D6 AR D06107 DI 10.1029/2004JD005265 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909QI UT WOS:000227875100002 ER PT J AU Holland, ND Clague, DA Gordon, DP Gebruk, A Pawson, DL Vecchione, M AF Holland, ND Clague, DA Gordon, DP Gebruk, A Pawson, DL Vecchione, M TI Lophenteropneust' hypothesis refuted by collection and photos of new deep-sea hemichordates SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC AB The deep ocean is home to a group of broad-collared hemichordates - the so-called 'lophenteropneusts' - that have been photographed gliding on the sea floor(1-8) but have not previously been collected. It has been claimed that these worms have collar tentacles and blend morphological features of the two main hemichordate body plans, namely the tentacle-less enteropneusts and the tentacle-bearing pterobranchs. Consequently, lophenteropneusts have been invoked as missing links to suggest that the former evolved into the latter(5). The most significant aspect of the lophenteropneust hypothesis is its prediction that the fundamental body plan within a basal phylum of deuterostomes was enteropneust-like. The assumption of such an ancestral state influences ideas about the evolution of the vertebrates from the invertebrates(9-14). Here we report on the first collected specimen of a broad-collared, deep-sea enteropneust and describe it as a new family, genus and species. The collar, although disproportionately broad, lacks tentacles. In addition, we find no evidence of tentacles in the available deep-sea photographs ( published and unpublished) of broad-collared enteropneusts, including those formerly designated as lophenteropneusts. Thus, the lophenteropneust hypothesis was based on misinterpretation of deep-sea photographs of low quality and should no longer be used to support the idea that the enteropneust body plan is basal within the phylum Hemichordata. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Wellington, New Zealand. Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 117851, Russia. Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, NOAA, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Holland, ND (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM nholland@ucsd.edu NR 25 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 17 PY 2005 VL 434 IS 7031 BP 374 EP 376 DI 10.1038/nature03382 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 907KG UT WOS:000227715100049 PM 15772659 ER PT J AU Overland, JE Wang, M AF Overland, JE Wang, M TI The Arctic climate paradox: The recent decrease of the Arctic Oscillation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; EXTRATROPICAL CIRCULATION; SEA-ICE; TEMPERATURE; SATELLITE; TRENDS AB A current paradox is that many physical and biological indicators of Arctic change-summer sea-ice extent, spring surface air temperature and cloud cover, and shifts in vegetation and other ecosystems-show nearly linear trends over the previous two and a half decades, while the Arctic Oscillation, a representative atmospheric circulation index often associated with Arctic change, has had a different, more episodic behavior, with a near-neutral or negative phase for 6 of the last 9 years (1996-2004) following a positive phase (1989-1995). Stratospheric temperature anomalies over the Arctic, which serve as an index of the strength of the polar vortex, also show this episodic character. Model projections of Arctic temperature for 2010-2029 show model-to-model and region-to-region differences suggesting large variability in the future response of atmospheric circulation to external forcing. Thus internal processes in the western Arctic may have a larger role in shaping the present persistence of Arctic change than has been previously recognized. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmospher & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014 NR 21 TC 124 Z9 128 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 16 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 AR L06701 DI 10.1029/2004GL021752 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 909QA UT WOS:000227874200002 ER PT J AU Andersen, PC Bruno, TJ AF Andersen, PC Bruno, TJ TI Thermal decomposition kinetics of RP-1 rocket propellant SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID N-DODECANE; TEMPERATURES; FUELS; PVT; MECHANISMS; MIXTURES AB As part of a thermophysical and transport property measurement project, the global decomposition kinetics of the kerosene-based rocket propellant, RP-1, was investigated. We measured the decomposition of RP-1 at elevated temperatures (that is, under thermal stress) as a function of time and then derived a global pseudo-first-order rate constant that describes the overall mixture decomposition. While not as rigorous as a component-by-component kinetics analysis, this approach is, nevertheless, instructive and can be used to guide the aforementioned property measurements. Decomposition measurements were made at 375, 400, 425, and 500 degrees C for two separate samples of RP-1. One sample was a typical batch, showing the expected fractions of paraffins, cycloparaffins, olefins, and aromatics. The other was an off-specification batch that had unusually high olefin and aromatic contents. Decomposition rate constants ranged from 6.92 x 10(-5) s(-1) at 375 degrees C to 1.07 x 10(-1) s(-1) at 500 degrees C. While the primary purpose of this work was to establish operating ranges for the property measurements, the results clearly have implications in other facets of RP-1 application. These applications include establishing operating ranges for supercritical fluid heat sink regimes, setting residence times in motors, etc. In addition to the decomposition kinetics, we have also done a chemical analysis of the vapor phase that is produced upon thermal stress. The vapor phase for this analysis was extracted using a new gas-liquid separator. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 25 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR 16 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1670 EP 1676 DI 10.1021/ie04895g PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 906IR UT WOS:000227634900009 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Bazaev, AR Magee, JW Kiselev, SB Ely, JF AF Abdulagatov, IM Bazaev, AR Magee, JW Kiselev, SB Ely, JF TI PVTx measurements and crossover equation of state of pure n-hexane and dilute aqueous n-hexane solutions in the critical and supercritical regions SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES; HYDROCARBON-WATER SYSTEMS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; BINARY-MIXTURES; HIGH-PRESSURES; FLUID MIXTURES; VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; INFINITE-DILUTION; CRITICAL-POINT AB The PVTx relationship of aqueous n-hexane solutions (0.0201, 0.082, and 0.8500 mole fraction of n-hexane) has been measured in the near-critical and supercritical regions with a constant-volume piezometer. Measurements were made on the critical isotherm of pure water 647.1 K with pressures ranging from 8 to 33 MPa. The total uncertainties of density, pressure, temperature, and composition measurements are estimated to be less than 0.16%, 0.05%, 15 mK, and 0.001 mole fraction, respectively. The Krichevskii parameter was estimated (124.4 +/- 20 MPa) from direct measurements of the P-x dependence along the critical isotherm-isochore of pure water. The measured PVTx data were used to calculate partial molar volumes at infinite dilution for n-hexane (V) over bar (infinity)(2) in near-critical water. The asymptotic behavior of the partial molar volume along the solvent's (pure water) critical isotherm-isobar was studied. The molar volume values for the dilute H2O + n-C6H14 mixture along the critical isotherm-isochore of pure water were also used to estimate the critical exponent of partial molar volume (V) over bar (infinity)(2) proportional to x-(epsilon) (epsilon = 0.795 +/- 0.001). Using our new PVTx data together with data obtained in other studies, we developed a crossover Helmholtz free-energy model (CREOS) for dilute aqueous n-hexane solutions in wide temperature and pressure ranges around the vapor-liquid critical points. The CREOS model requires only the critical focus as an input and represents all available experimental PVTx data for a dilute H2O + n-C6H14 mixture with an average absolute deviation (AAD) of about 0.50-0.65% in the temperature and density ranges 0.98T(c)(x) <= T <= 1.15T(c)(x) and 0.35 rho(c)(x) <= rho <= 1.65 rho(c)(x), respectively, and concentrations up to 0.05 mole fractions of n-hexane. The accuracy and predictive capability of the crossover model was confirmed by comprehensive comparison of present crossover EOS for the pure n-hexane with the available experimental data in the critical and supercritical regions. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Inst Geothermal Problems, Makhachkala 367003, Dagestan, Russia. RP Kiselev, SB (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM skiselev@mines.edu RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 130 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD MAR 16 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1967 EP 1984 DI 10.1021/ie049339a PG 18 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 906IR UT WOS:000227634900045 ER PT J AU Fortin, TJ Howard, BJ Parrish, DD Goldan, PD Kuster, WC Atlas, EL Harley, RA AF Fortin, TJ Howard, BJ Parrish, DD Goldan, PD Kuster, WC Atlas, EL Harley, RA TI Temporal changes in US benzene emissions inferred from atmospheric measurements SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC HYDROCARBONS; TROPOSPHERE; PRECURSORS; RATIOS; AIR AB The 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments required the United States Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) to enact stricter regulations aimed at reducing benzene emissions. In an effort to determine whether these new regulations have been successful in reducing atmospheric benzene concentrations, we have evaluated benzene-to-acetylene ratios from data sets spanning nearly three decades, collected during several field studies and from the U.S. EPA's Photochemical Assessment Monitoring Station (PAMS) network. The field-study data indicate a decrease in benzene relative to acetylene of approximately 40% from 1994 to 2002. This corresponds to a decrease in benzene alone of approximately 56% over the same period. In contrast, the PAMS data exhibit high interannual variability with no discernible trend. This discrepancy is attributed to measurement problems in the PAMS data sets. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Harvey Mudd Coll, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Fortin, TJ (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, R-AL7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Tara.Fortin@noaa.gov RI Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Harley, Robert/C-9177-2016 OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Harley, Robert/0000-0002-0559-1917 NR 31 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1403 EP 1408 DI 10.1021/es049316n PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906JF UT WOS:000227636300011 PM 15819191 ER PT J AU Lin, QX Mendelssohn, IA Bryner, NP Walton, WD AF Lin, QX Mendelssohn, IA Bryner, NP Walton, WD TI In-situ burning of oil in coastal marshes. 1. Vegetation recovery and soil temperature as a function of water depth, oil type, and marsh type SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SPARTINA-ALTERNIFLORA; COMMUNITY COMPOSITION; SALT-MARSH; CRUDE-OIL; MANAGEMENT; LOUISIANA; WETLAND; BIOMASS; FIRE AB In-situ burning of oiled wetlands potentially provides a cleanup technique that is generally consistent with present wetland management procedures. The effects of water depth (+10, +2, and -2 cm), oil type (crude and diesel), and oil penetration of sediment before the burn on the relationship between vegetation recovery and soil temperature for three coastal marsh types were investigated. The water depth over the soil surface during in-situ burning was a key factor controlling marsh plant recovery. Both the 10- and 2-cm water depths were sufficient to protect marsh vegetation from burning impacts, with surface soil temperatures of < 35 and 48 degrees C, respectively. Plant survival rate and growth responses at these water depth burns were not significantly different from the unburned control. In contrast, a water table 2 cm below the soil surface during the burn resulted in high soil temperatures, with 90-200 degrees C at 0-0.5 cm soil depth and 55-75 degrees C at 1-2 cm soil depth. The 2-cm soil exposure to fire significantly impeded the post-burn recovery of Spartina alterniflora and Sagittaria lancifolia but did not detrimentally affect the recovery of Spartina patens and Distichlis spicata. Oil type (crude vs diesel) and oil applied to the marsh soil surface (0.5 L center dot m(-2)) before the burn did not significantly affect plant recovery. Thus, recovery is species-specific when no surface water exists. Even water at the soil surface will most likely protect wetland plants from burning impact. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, QX (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM comlin@lsu.edu NR 25 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1848 EP 1854 DI 10.1021/es049063y PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906JF UT WOS:000227636300066 PM 15819246 ER PT J AU Lin, QX Mendelssohn, IA Carney, K Miles, SM Bryner, NP Walton, WD AF Lin, QX Mendelssohn, IA Carney, K Miles, SM Bryner, NP Walton, WD TI In-situ burning of oil in coastal marshes. 2. Oil spill cleanup efficiency as a function of oil type, marsh type, and water depth SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SALT-MARSH; VEGETATION; LOUISIANA AB In-situ burning of spilled oil, which receives considerable attention in marine conditions, could be an effective way to cleanup wetland oil spills. An experimental in-situ burn was conducted to study the effects of oil type, marsh type, and water depth on oil chemistry and oil removal efficiency from the water surface and sediment. In-situ burning decreased the total targeted alkanes and total targeted polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the burn residues as compared to the pre-burn diesel and crude oils. Removal was even more effective for short-chain alkanes and low ring-number PAHs. Removal efficiencies for alkanes and PAHs were > 98% in terms of mass balance although concentrations of some long-chain alkanes and high ring-number PAHs increased in the burn residue as compared to the pre-burn oils. Thus, in-situ burning potentially prevents floating oil from drifting into and contaminating adjacent habitats and penetrating the sediment. In addition, in-situ burning significantly removed diesel oil that had penetrated the sediment for all water depths. Furthermore, in-situ burning at a water depth 2 cm below the soil surface significantly removed crude oil that had penetrated the sediment. As a result, in-situ burning may reduce the long-term impacts of oil on benthic organisms. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Inst Environm Studies, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. US Dept Commerce, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, QX (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Wetland Biogeochem Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM comlin@lsu.edu NR 21 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 6 BP 1855 EP 1860 DI 10.1021/es0490626 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 906JF UT WOS:000227636300067 PM 15819247 ER PT J AU Wallace, WE Arnould, MA Knochenmuss, R AF Wallace, WE Arnould, MA Knochenmuss, R TI 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid: laser desorption/ionisation as a function of elevated temperature SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE crystal growth; desorption; gentisic acid; laser desorption/ionisation (LDI); matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation (MALDI); mass spectrometry; organic acid; sublimation; thermal desorption ID COVALENT CATIONIZATION METHOD; GAS-PHASE BASICITIES; DESORPTION IONIZATION; MALDI MATRICES; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; QUANTITATIVE MODEL; BINDING-ENERGIES; SUCCINIC ACID; PART II; IONS AB The temperature dependence of laser desorption/ionization (LDI) ion yields has been measured for 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHB) single crystals from room temperature to 160 degrees C using time-of-flight (TOF) mass spectrometry. A steep rise in ion production occurs at 90 degrees C, achieving a maximum at 120 degrees C, then decreases sharply to a minimum at 140 degrees C, and returns to a second maximum at 150 degrees C. Above 160 degrees C, useful information could not be obtained because of rapid volatilization of the sample into the vacuum. The overall trend in ion production, but not some of the details, is well described by a recent two-step theory of the laser desorption/ionization process, which takes into account the temperature-dependent effects of plume expansion. Measuring the background vacuum composition with a quadrupole mass spectrometer residual gas analyzer (RGA) showed an increase in thermal desorption of 2,5-DHB starting at 90 degrees C and maximizing at 130 degrees C. The increased neutral production by thermal desorption is believed to be the cause of the decrease in LDI ion production due to reduced pooling probabilities for laser-excited 2,5-DHB molecules. Thermal dehydration, condensation, and decarboxylation increase the volume of gas released at high temperatures which also serve to decrease LDI ion production at elevated temperatures. Lastly, to confirm the mass spectrometry results, the thermal desorption of 2,5-DHB single crystals under vacuum was measured using a quartz-crystal microbalance (QCM). The onset of desorption was found to occur at 90 degrees C and the maximum desorption rate was found at 135 degrees C. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Novartis Inst Biomed Res, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. RP Wallace, WE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.wallace@nist.gov NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 242 IS 1 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.11.011 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 905XZ UT WOS:000227606100003 ER PT J AU Cormier, JG Hodges, JT Drummond, JR AF Cormier, JG Hodges, JT Drummond, JR TI Infrared water vapor continuum absorption at atmospheric temperatures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; CAVITY RINGDOWN SPECTROSCOPY; DIOXIDE LASER-RADIATION; WING LINE-SHAPE; COORDINATE REPRESENTATION; PRESSURE FORMULATION; DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; ROTATIONAL BANDS; DENSITY-MATRIX; COOLING RATES AB We have used a continuous-wave carbon dioxide laser in a single-mode realization of cavity ring-down spectroscopy to measure absorption coefficients of water vapor at 944 cm(-1) for several temperatures in the range 270-315 K. The conventional description of water vapor infrared absorption is applied, in which the absorption is modeled in two parts consisting of local line absorption and the remaining residual absorption, which has become known as the water vapor continuum. This water vapor continuum consists of distinct water-water, water-nitrogen, and water-oxygen continua. The water-water continuum absorption coefficient is found to have a magnitude of C-s(296 K)=(1.82 +/- 0.02) X 10(-22) cm(2) molecule(-1) atm(-1), and the water-nitrogen coefficient has a magnitude of C-n(296 K)=(7.3 +/- 0.4) X 10(-25) cm(2) molecule(-1) atm(-1). The temperature dependences of both the water-water and the water-nitrogen continua are shown to be well represented by a model describing the expected behavior of weakly bound binary complexes. Using this model, our data yield dissociation energies of D-e=(-15.9 +/- 0.3) kJ/mole for the water dimer and D-e=(-3.2 +/- 1.7) kJ/mole for the water-nitrogen complex. These values are in excellent agreement with recent theoretical predictions of D-e=-15.7 kJ/mole (water dimer) and D-e=-2.9 kJ/mole (water-nitrogen complex), as well as the experimentally determined value of D-e=(-15.3 +/- 2.1) kJ/mole for the water dimer obtained by investigators employing a thermal conductivity technique. Although there is reasonably good agreement with the magnitude of the continuum absorption coefficients, the agreement on temperature dependence is less satisfactory. While our results are suggestive of the role played by water dimers and water complexes in producing the infrared continuum, the uncertain spectroscopy of the water dimer in this spectral region prevents us from making a firm conclusion. In the meantime, empirical models of water vapor continuum absorption, essential for atmospheric radiative transfer calculations, should be refined to give. better agreement with our low-uncertainty continuum absorption data. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7, Canada. RP Cormier, JG (reprint author), Synodon Inc, 6916 Roper Rd, Edmonton, AB T6B 3H9, Canada. EM john.cormier@synodon.com RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009; Drummond, James/O-7467-2014 NR 59 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 11 AR 114309 DI 10.1063/1.1862623 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 916MN UT WOS:000228389900027 PM 15836217 ER PT J AU Park, Y Choi, YW Park, S Cho, CS Fasolka, MJ Sohn, D AF Park, Y Choi, YW Park, S Cho, CS Fasolka, MJ Sohn, D TI Monolayer formation of PBLG-PEO block copolymers at the air-water interface SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE PBLG-PEO; Langmuir-Blodgett; compressibility; block copolymer; surface pressure ID ROD-COIL MOLECULES; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; SELF-ORGANIZATION; SURFACE; L-GLUTAMATE); POLYPEPTIDE; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR; GELATION AB Physicochemical properties of PBLG (poly(gamma-benzyl-L-glutamate))-PEO (poly(ethylene oxide)) diblock copolymers composed of PBLG as the hydrophobic rod component and PEO as the hydrophilic component were investigated at the air-water interface. Surface pressure-area isotherms obtained by the Wilhelmy plate method provide several variables such as molecular size, compressibility of PEO, and the free energy change of the PBLG-PEO block copolymer. GE-1 (M-w of PBLG:PEO = 103,700:12,000), with a relatively longer rod, has negative temperature effects and GE-3 (M-w of PBLG:PEO = 8400:12,000), with a relatively shorter rod, shows a positive temperature effect because of the large entropy loss. These competitions were based on the block size of PBLG and PEO and were affected by various microstructures of the PBLG-PEO diblock copolymer. Monolayer aggregations transferred onto mica from the air-water interface were analyzed with AFM. AFM images of GE-1 monolayers show cylindrical micelles, but the self-assembled structure has many large domains. The monolayer of GE-2 (M-w of PBLG:PEO = 39,800:12,000), which has a medium size rod, forms a spherical structure at the air-water interface. Monolayers of GE-3, with a short rod length, form bilayer structures. These results demonstrate that the microstructures of PBLG-PEO diblock copolymers are related to free energy changes between rod and coil blocks. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Agr Biotechnol, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sohn, D (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM dsohn@hanyang.ac.kr NR 34 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 283 IS 2 BP 322 EP 328 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2004.09.023 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 902YT UT WOS:000227393300006 PM 15721901 ER PT J AU Cooper, OR Stohl, A Eckhardt, S Parrish, DD Oltmans, SJ Johnson, BJ Nedelec, P Schmidlin, FJ Newchurch, MJ Kondo, Y Kita, K AF Cooper, OR Stohl, A Eckhardt, S Parrish, DD Oltmans, SJ Johnson, BJ Nedelec, P Schmidlin, FJ Newchurch, MJ Kondo, Y Kita, K TI A springtime comparison of tropospheric ozone and transport pathways on the east and west coasts of the United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION TRANSPORT; INCREASING BACKGROUND OZONE; PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; NORTH-ATLANTIC; ASIAN EMISSIONS; PACIFIC; CLIMATOLOGY; AIRCRAFT; EPISODES; AMERICA AB We have conducted a study to determine the influence of Asian pollution plumes on free tropospheric ozone above the west coast of the United States during spring. We also explored the additional impact of North American emissions on east coast free tropospheric ozone. Long-term ozone monitoring sites in the United States are few, but we obtained ozonesonde profiles from Trinidad Head on the west coast, Huntsville, Alabama, in the southeast, and Wallops Island, Virginia, on the east coast. Additional east coast ozone profiles were measured by the MOZAIC commercial aircraft at Boston, New York City, and Philadelphia. Kilometer-averaged ozone was compared between Trinidad Head and the three east coast sites (MOZAIC, Wallops Island, and Huntsville). Only in the 0-1 km layer did the MOZAIC site have a statistically significant greater amount of ozone than Trinidad Head. Likewise only the 0-1 and 1-2 km layers had greater ozone at Wallops Island and Huntsville in comparison to Trinidad Head. While Wallops Island did show greater ozone than Trinidad Head at 6-9 km, this excess ozone was attributed to a dry air mass sampling bias. A particle dispersion model was used to determine the surface source regions for each case, and the amount of anthropogenic NOx tracer that would have been emitted into each air mass. Transport times were limited to 20 days to focus on the impact of direct transport of pollution plumes from the atmospheric boundary layer. As expected, the amount of NOx tracer emitted into the east coast profiles was much greater in the lower and mid troposphere than at the west coast. At various altitudes at both coasts there existed a significant positive correlation between ozone and the NOx tracer, but the explained variance was generally less than 30%. On the east coast, Wallops Island had the weakest relationship between ozone and the NOx tracer, while Huntsville had the strongest. During spring, differences in photochemistry and transport pathways in the lowest 2 km of the troposphere results in an extra 5-14 ppbv of ozone on the east coast in comparison to Trinidad Head. However, despite differing amounts of NOx tracer from Asia and North America in the free troposphere, we found no significant difference in free tropospheric ozone between the east and west coasts of the United States during spring. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol, D-8050 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. CNRS, OMP, Lab Aerol, Toulouse, France. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Flight Facil, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Univ Tokyo, Adv Sci & Technol Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. RP NOAA, Aeron Lab, R-AL4,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM owen.r.cooper@noaa.gov RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Kondo, Yutaka/D-1459-2012; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Eckhardt, Sabine/I-4001-2012 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Eckhardt, Sabine/0000-0001-6958-5375 NR 46 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D5 AR D05S90 DI 10.1029/2004JD005183 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909QG UT WOS:000227874800003 ER PT J AU Podobedov, VB Plusquellic, DF Fraser, GT AF Podobedov, VB Plusquellic, DF Fraser, GT TI Investigation of the water-vapor continuum in the THz region using a multipass cell SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE far-infrared; THz; water; vapor; cell; lineshape ID ABSORPTION; LINES; GHZ; TEMPERATURE; MODEL AB Laboratory absorption measurements of the water-vapor continuum in the far infrared region from 12 to 55 cm(-1) (0.4 - 1.83 THz) were obtained using a multipass absorption cell, a Fourier transform spectrometer and a liquid-He-cooled bolometer detector. Measurements were made at a temperature, T = 297 K with water vapor and nitrogen pressures up to 2.2 and 81 kPa, respectively. The effects of the choice of lineshape function and far-wing cut-off factors on the reported continuum absorption are analyzed by modeling the resonant water-vapor spectrum using van Vleck-Weisskopf and Lorentzian lineshapes. Comparisons with available microwave data and model calculations are also presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Podobedov, VB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vyacheslav.podobedov@nist.gov NR 17 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 287 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.05.061 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 870IB UT WOS:000225049700003 ER PT J AU Vogt, BD Prabhu, VM Soles, CL Satija, SK Lin, EK Wu, WL AF Vogt, BD Prabhu, VM Soles, CL Satija, SK Lin, EK Wu, WL TI Control of moisture at buried polymer/alumina interfaces through substrate surface modification SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID WATER-ADSORPTION; MONOLAYERS; SILICON; LAYERS AB Moisture absorption in poly(4-tert-butoxycarbonyloxystyrene) (PBOCSt) films supported on Al2O3 sputter coated silicon wafers is measured using neutron and X-ray reflectivity. Accumulation of water at the interface during moisture exposure results in an apparent film-thickness-dependent swelling for ultrathin PBOCSt films. The swelling of a film on Al2O3 is less than the swelling of a film of the same thickness on SiOx for films thinner than 20 nm. This is due to comparatively less moisture accumulation at the Al2O3/PBOCSt interface. A simple, zero adjustable parameter model consisting of a fixed water-rich layer at the interface and bulk swelling through the remainder of the film describes the thickness-dependent swelling quantitatively. The influence of four different Al2O3 surface treatments on the moisture distribution within PBOCSt films was examined: bare Al2O3, tert-butylphosphonic acid, phenylphosphonic acid, and n-octyltrichlorosilane. Both the phenyl and the octyl surface treatments reduce the accumulation of water at the polymer/substrate interface. The tert-butyl treatment does not reduce the interfacial water concentration, presumably due to insufficient surface coverage. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.vogt@nist.gov; wenli@nist.gov RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 NR 18 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 2460 EP 2464 DI 10.1021/la0472549 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 905OP UT WOS:000227578700050 PM 15752040 ER PT J AU Bartels, A Diddams, SA Oates, CW Wilpers, G Bergquist, JC Oskay, WH Hollberg, L AF Bartels, A Diddams, SA Oates, CW Wilpers, G Bergquist, JC Oskay, WH Hollberg, L TI Femtosecond-laser-based synthesis of ultrastable microwave signals from optical frequency references SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BROAD-BAND CONTINUUM; OSCILLATOR; LINEWIDTHS; HG-199(+); STABILITY AB We use femtosecond laser frequency combs to convert optical frequency references to the microwave domain, where we demonstrate the synthesis of 10-GHz signals having a fractional frequency instability of less than or equal to3.5 X 10(-15) at a 1-s averaging time, limited by the optical reference. The residual instability and phase noise of the femtosecond-laser-based frequency synthesizers are 6.5 X 10(-16) at 1 s and -98 dBc/Hz at a 1-Hz offset from the 10-GHz carrier, respectively. The timing jitter of the microwave signals is 3.3 fs. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bartels, A (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div, 325 Broadway,MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bartels@gigaoptics.com; sdiddams@boulder.nist.gov RI Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 11 TC 96 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 6 BP 667 EP 669 DI 10.1364/OL.30.000667 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 904RJ UT WOS:000227515100027 PM 15792011 ER PT J AU Shim, Y Levine, LE Fields, RJ AF Shim, Y Levine, LE Fields, RJ TI Optimal concentration of SiC in SiC/Al composites: experiment and percolation theory prediction of lower and upper bounds SO PHYSICA A-STATISTICAL MECHANICS AND ITS APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Al/SiC composites; green strength; percolation ID DISORDERED SPHERE PACKINGS; PARTICLE COORDINATION; MIXTURES; CONDUCTIVITY; SYSTEMS AB We have measured the mechanical strength of composites made by pressing mixed powders of deformable aluminum (Al) and non-deformable silicon carbide (SiC) as a function of the volume fraction of SiC and porosity. The experimental results show a peak in green strength at low SiC concentration. We explain these results as a competition between strengthening by clusters of interlocking Al-SiC sub-units and weakening by clusters of SiC particles. This clustering behavior of the composites is modeled by a random binary mixture model and described in terms of percolation theory. From extensive simulations of the model in three different lattice structures, we find the critical concentrations of SiC required to form two different types of percolating clusters, thus providing, lower and upper bounds for the optimal concentration. Quantitative comparison between the simulations and experimental results shows good agreement. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shim, Y (reprint author), Univ Toledo, Dept Phys & Astron, Mail Stop 111, Toledo, OH 43606 USA. EM yshim@physics.utoledo.edu NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-4371 J9 PHYSICA A JI Physica A PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 348 BP 1 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.physa.204.09.045 PG 15 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 892DJ UT WOS:000226629700001 ER PT J AU Arslan, Z AF Arslan, Z TI Analysis of fish otoliths by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry: aspects of precipitating otolith calcium with hydrofluoric acid for trace element determination SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE fish otoliths; trace elements; calcium fluoride precipitation; electrothermal vaporization; inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry ID JUVENILE BLUEFIN TUNA; ICP-MS; BIOGENIC CARBONATES; SAMPLE INTRODUCTION; ATLANTIC CROAKER; PACIFIC-OCEAN; MICROCHEMISTRY; LARVAL; INTERFERENCES; FINGERPRINTS AB A method is developed for determination of trace elements, including Ag, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Se, TI and Zn, in fish otoliths by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ETV-ICP-MS). Hydrofluoric acid was used to precipitate calcium resulting from acid dissolution of otolith calcium carbonate. Initial acidity of the sample solution influenced the precipitation efficiency of calcium fluoride. Up to 99.5% of Ca was precipitated in solutions that contained less than 2% (v/v) HNO3. Recoveries of the elements obtained from spiked artificial otolith solutions were between 90 and 103%. Stabilization of the elements within the ETV cell was achieved with 0.3 mu g Pd/0.2 mu g Rh chemical modifier that also afforded optimum sensitivity for multielement determination. The method was validated by the analysis of a fish otolith reference material (CRM) of emperor snapper. and then applied to the determination of the trace elements in otoliths of several fish species captured in Raritan Bay, New Jersey. Results indicated that fish physiology and biological processes could influence the levels of Cu, Mn, Se and Zn in the otoliths of fish inhabiting a similar aqueous environment. Otolith concentrations of Cr and Ni did not show any significant differences among different species. Concentrations for Ag, As, Cd, Co and TI were also not significantly different, but were very low indicating low affinity of otolith calcium carbonate to these elements. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Arslan, Z (reprint author), Jackson State Univ, Dept Chem, 1400 JR Lynch St,POB 17910, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. EM zikri.arslan@jsums.edu NR 24 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD MAR 15 PY 2005 VL 65 IS 5 BP 1326 EP 1334 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2004.09.009 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 911YB UT WOS:000228041700038 PM 18969949 ER PT J AU Jensen, EJ Smith, JB Pfister, L Pittman, JV Weinstock, EM Sayres, DS Herman, RL Troy, RF Rosenlof, K Thompson, TL Fridlind, AM Hudson, PK Cziczo, DJ Heymsfield, AJ Schmitt, C Wilson, JC AF Jensen, EJ Smith, JB Pfister, L Pittman, JV Weinstock, EM Sayres, DS Herman, RL Troy, RF Rosenlof, K Thompson, TL Fridlind, AM Hudson, PK Cziczo, DJ Heymsfield, AJ Schmitt, C Wilson, JC TI Ice supersaturations exceeding 100% at the cold tropical tropopause: implications for cirrus formation and dehydration SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL CHAMBER AIDA; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; SUBVISIBLE CIRRUS; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; PARTICLE-SIZE; CLOUDS; TROPOSPHERE; AIRCRAFT; NUCLEI AB Recent in situ measurements at tropical tropopause temperatures as low as 187K indicate supersaturations with respect to ice exceeding 100% with little or no ice present. In contrast, models used to simulate cloud formation near the tropopause assume a supersaturation threshold for ice nucleation of about 65% based on laboratory measurements of aqueous aerosol freezing. The high supersaturations reported here, along with cloud simulations assuming a plausible range of temperature histories in the sampled air mass, indicate that the vast majority of aerosols in the air sampled on this flight must have had supersaturation thresholds for ice nucleation exceeding 100%( i.e. near liquid water saturation at these temperatures). Possible explanations for this high threshold are that (1) the expressions used for calculating vapor pressure over supercooled water at low temperatures give values are at least 20% too low, (2) organic films on the aerosol surfaces reduce their accommodation coefficient for uptake of water, resulting in aerosols with more concentrated solutions when moderate-rapid cooling occurs and correspondingly inhibited homogeneous freezing, and (3) if surface freezing dominates, organic coatings may increase the surface energy of the ice embryo/vapor interface resulting in suppressed ice nucleation. Simulations of in situ cloud formation in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) throughout the tropics indicate that if decreased accommodation coefficients and resulting high thresholds for ice nucleation prevailed throughout the tropics, then the calculated occurrence frequency and areal coverage of TTL cirrus would be significantly suppressed. However, the simulations also show that even if in situ TTL cirrus form only over a very small fraction of the tropics in the western Pacific, enough air passes through them due to rapid horizontal transport such that they can still effectively freeze-dry air entering the stratosphere. The TTL cirrus simulations show that even if very large supersaturations are required for ice nucleation, these large supersaturations should occur very rarely. C1 NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Harvard Univ, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Denver, Denver, CO USA. RP NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. EM ejensen@cirrus.arc.nasa.gov RI Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Fridlind, Ann/E-1495-2012; Herman, Robert/H-9389-2012; Schmitt, Carl/P-5490-2015; OI Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Herman, Robert/0000-0001-7063-6424; Schmitt, Carl/0000-0003-3829-6970 NR 48 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD MAR 14 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 851 EP 862 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 906BO UT WOS:000227615700003 ER PT J AU Akpalu, YA Xao, ZC Li, Y Amis, EJ AF Akpalu, YA Xao, ZC Li, Y Amis, EJ TI Can the effect of short chain branch type on the crystallization and structure of ethylene/olefin copolymers be characterized by scattering measurements?. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, NYS Ctr Polymer Synth, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM akpaly@rpi.edu RI xiao, zhicheng/G-1704-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 321-PMSE BP U1153 EP U1153 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605321 ER PT J AU Allison, TC AF Allison, TC TI NIST chemical kinetics database as a tool for modeling SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Expt Kinet & Thermodynam Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.allison@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 043-FUEL BP U857 EP U857 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706176 ER PT J AU Anderson, NA Yang, CSC Stephenson, JC Richter, LJ Briggman, KA AF Anderson, NA Yang, CSC Stephenson, JC Richter, LJ Briggman, KA TI Optical spectroscopies for biological structure at interfaces. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Surface & Microanal Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM neil.anderson@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 240-COLL BP U669 EP U669 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177704399 ER PT J AU Artz, RS Martinez, AP Banic, C AF Artz, RS Martinez, AP Banic, C TI Present status of the CEC North American Regional Action Plan for Environmental Monitoring and Assessment SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20832 USA. EM richard.artz@noaa.gov; mabaorta@prodigy.net.mx RI Artz, Richard/P-6371-2015 OI Artz, Richard/0000-0002-1335-0697 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 008-ENVR BP U827 EP U827 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706008 ER PT J AU Batteas, JD Gonzalez, CA Simon-Manso, Y AF Batteas, JD Gonzalez, CA Simon-Manso, Y TI Combined theory and STM investigation of charge transport at metal-molecule junctions. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 494-COLL BP U725 EP U725 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705168 ER PT J AU Bauer, BJ Hobbie, EK Becker, ML AF Bauer, BJ Hobbie, EK Becker, ML TI Small angle neutron scattering from labeled single wall carbon nanotubes. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM barry.bauer@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 115-POLY BP U923 EP U923 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604115 ER PT J AU Beers, KL Xu, C Wu, T Fasolka, MJ AF Beers, KL Xu, C Wu, T Fasolka, MJ TI Intelligent design of combinatorial polymer surfaces using surface grafting and patterning. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 474-POLY BP U975 EP U976 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604471 ER PT J AU Burgess, DR Allison, TC Hudgens, JW Manion, JA Tsang, W AF Burgess, DR Allison, TC Hudgens, JW Manion, JA Tsang, W TI NIST "real fuels" detailed chemical kinetic combustion model database SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Exp Kinet & Thermodynam Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM donald.burgess@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 023-FUEL BP U854 EP U854 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706159 ER PT J AU Butler, M AF Butler, M TI Advances in the biochemistry of DNA fingerprinting analysis. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.butler@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 003 BP U1182 EP U1182 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605449 ER PT J AU Campbell, JM Stein, SE Blank, PS Epstein, J Vestal, ML Yergey, AL AF Campbell, JM Stein, SE Blank, PS Epstein, J Vestal, ML Yergey, AL TI Fundamentals of peptide fragmentation as a function of laser fluence in a MALDI TOF-TOF mass spectrometer. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Appl Biosyst Inc, R&D, Framingham, MA 02144 USA. NICHHD, NIH, Sect Metab Anal & Mass Spectrometry, LCMB, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM campbejn@appliedbiosystems.com; aly@helix.nih.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 371-ANYL BP U148 EP U148 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700702 ER PT J AU Cheng, GJ Romero, D Walker, ARH AF Cheng, GJ Romero, D Walker, ARH TI Synthesis of Co/Au and Co/Ag bimetallic nanopartricles. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Phys Sci Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM guangjun.cheng@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 517-COLL BP U729 EP U729 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705191 ER PT J AU Cheng, GJ Romero, D Walker, ARH AF Cheng, GJ Romero, D Walker, ARH TI Magnetic field-induced self-assembly of CO nanoparticles. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Phys Sci Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM guangjun.cheng@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 503-COLL BP U727 EP U727 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705177 ER PT J AU Cicerone, MT AF Cicerone, MT TI Broadband cars microscopy for functional imaging of cells. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 371-PHYS BP U759 EP U759 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603370 ER PT J AU DeLongchamp, DM Lin, EK Fischer, DA AF DeLongchamp, DM Lin, EK Fischer, DA TI Correlating structure development to performance enhancement in organic semiconductor films. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dean.delongchamp@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 335-PMSE BP U1155 EP U1155 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605335 ER PT J AU Didion, D AF Didion, D TI Is refrigerants' development in a back-to-the-future mode? SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Port Republic, MD 20676 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 008-HIST BP U905 EP U905 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706436 ER PT J AU Douglas, AN Forry, SP Locascio, LE Warner, I AF Douglas, AN Forry, SP Locascio, LE Warner, I TI Atomic force microscopy (AFM) characterization of polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMS) on polymeric substrates. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70816 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM ADOUGL3@LSU.EDU NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 271-ANYL BP U133 EP U133 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700604 ER PT J AU Douglas, JF Van Workum, K AF Douglas, JF Van Workum, K TI Symmetry, equivalence and molecular self-organization. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 488-COLL BP U724 EP U725 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705162 ER PT J AU Esker, AR Dawson, KJ Huffer, SM Deng, DJ Karabiyik, U Viers, BD Ferguson-McPherson, MK Morris, JR Mao, M Ducker, WA Satija, SK AF Esker, AR Dawson, KJ Huffer, SM Deng, DJ Karabiyik, U Viers, BD Ferguson-McPherson, MK Morris, JR Mao, M Ducker, WA Satija, SK TI POSS: Silica "nanoparticles" for functional coatings. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Chem 0212, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aesker@vt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 140-POLY BP U927 EP U927 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604140 ER PT J AU Gerber, MJ Kline, SR Walker, LM AF Gerber, MJ Kline, SR Walker, LM TI Polymerization of surfactant aggregates: Micelle template versus reaction conditions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM lwalker@andrew.cmu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 408-COLL BP U712 EP U712 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705084 ER PT J AU Gilman, JW Davis, RD Bellayer, S Maupin, PH Raghavan, D Langat, J Bourbigot, S Flambard, X Fox, D Trulove, P De Long, HC AF Gilman, JW Davis, RD Bellayer, S Maupin, PH Raghavan, D Langat, J Bourbigot, S Flambard, X Fox, D Trulove, P De Long, HC TI Use of optical probes and laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy for high throughput characterization of dispersion in polymer layered silicate nanocomposites SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Howard Univ, Polymer Sci Div, Washington, DC 20059 USA. ENSCL, PERF, Lille, France. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 100-PMSE BP U1118 EP U1118 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605100 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, CA AF Gonzalez, CA TI Toward a systematic validation of quantum chemistry in computational kinetics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlos.gonzalez@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 042-FUEL BP U857 EP U857 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706175 ER PT J AU Gurau, M DeLongchamp, DM Richter, LJ AF Gurau, M DeLongchamp, DM Richter, LJ TI Combined optical approach to structural determination of semi-conducting polymer thin films. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marc.gurau@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 338-PMSE BP U1155 EP U1156 PN 2 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605338 ER PT J AU Heller, SR AF Heller, SR TI Perfect storm - Electronic publishing and the Internet. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM srheller@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 032-CINF BP U601 EP U601 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177704032 ER PT J AU Hobbie, EK AF Hobbie, EK TI Anisotropy of sheared nanotube suspensions and gels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erik.hobbie@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 405-COLL BP U712 EP U712 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705081 ER PT J AU Hohhie, EK AF Hohhie, EK TI Processing phase diagram of carbon-nanotube polymer composites. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erik.hobbie@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 280-PMSE BP U1146 EP U1146 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605280 ER PT J AU Holbrook, RD Bridenich, J DeRose, PC AF Holbrook, RD Bridenich, J DeRose, PC TI Indirect water reuse and aquatic systems: Investigating changes in the characteristics and behavior of colloidal material. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM dave.holbrook@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 151-COLL BP U653 EP U653 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177704312 ER PT J AU Julthongpiput, D AF Julthongpiput, D TI Gradient chemical micropatterns: Reference substrates for surface nanometrology. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM duangrut.julthongpiput@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 472-POLY BP U975 EP U975 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604469 ER PT J AU Kasianowicz, JJ Stanford, V Misakian, M Henrickson, SE Panchal, RG Halverson, KM Bavari, S Nguyen, T Gussio, R MacGillivray, D Losche, M Shenoy, DK AF Kasianowicz, JJ Stanford, V Misakian, M Henrickson, SE Panchal, RG Halverson, KM Bavari, S Nguyen, T Gussio, R MacGillivray, D Losche, M Shenoy, DK TI Elucidating structure-function relationships of transmembrane nanopore toxins: Mechanisms of action and new applications. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, EEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM john.kasianowicz@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 101-COLL BP U645 EP U645 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177704262 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Quirk, RP Foster, MD Hammouda, B Majkrzak, CF AF Lee, JS Quirk, RP Foster, MD Hammouda, B Majkrzak, CF TI Surface segregation and bulk thermodynamics in blends of linear and highly branched polymers. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jl11@uakron.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 397-POLY BP U963 EP U963 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604395 ER PT J AU Lee, JW Mahoney, CM Yu, JX Gardelia, JA AF Lee, JW Mahoney, CM Yu, JX Gardelia, JA TI Polymer surface chemistry for tissue engineering: Combined wound healing and drug delivery. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Texas, Dept Biomed Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Coll Arts & Sci, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM jwoonlee@mail.cm.utexas.edu; gardella@acsu.buffalo.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 187-POLY BP U934 EP U934 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604187 ER PT J AU Lin, EK Soles, C Wu, WL AF Lin, EK Soles, C Wu, WL TI X-ray and neutron reflectivity measurements of polymer thin films and interfaces. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.lin@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 146-POLY BP U928 EP U928 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604147 ER PT J AU Magid, LJ Chen, WR Butler, PD Bossev, D AF Magid, LJ Chen, WR Butler, PD Bossev, D TI Counterion control of cationic micellar morphologies: Linear and branched worms, networks, and globules. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM lmagid@utk.edu RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 083-COLL BP U642 EP U642 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177704244 ER PT J AU Mamontov, E Neumann, DA AF Mamontov, E Neumann, DA TI Dynamics of surface water in zirconium oxide. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mamontov@nist.gov RI Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 142-PHYS BP U724 EP U724 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603142 ER PT J AU Manion, JA Burgess, DR Allison, TC Hudgens, JW Tsang, W AF Manion, JA Burgess, DR Allison, TC Hudgens, JW Tsang, W TI Barriers to developing simulation models for real transportation fuels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NIST, Expt Kinet & Thermodynam Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM jeffrey.manion@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 024-FUEL BP U854 EP U854 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706158 ER PT J AU McNamara, W Tarlov, MJ Huang, TH AF McNamara, W Tarlov, MJ Huang, TH TI Nanoscale electrochemical studies of solution- and vapor-deposited alkanethiol self-assembled monolayers on gold. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Lafayette Coll, Dept Chem, Easton, PA 18042 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM mcnamarw@lafayette.edu; huangt@lafayette.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 281-ANYL BP U134 EP U134 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700613 ER PT J AU Nesbitt, DJ AF Nesbitt, DJ TI Time dependent fluorescence and blinking dynamics in semiconductor quantum dots. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 568-PHYS BP U790 EP U790 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603566 ER PT J AU Nesbitt, DJ Baker, TA Monti, OLA AF Nesbitt, DJ Baker, TA Monti, OLA TI Confocal fluorescence/photoionization microscopy studies of nanostructures. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 JILA, Dept Chem & Biochem, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 351-ANYL BP U145 EP U146 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700683 ER PT J AU Nikoobakht, B Michaels, CA Vaudin, MD Stranick, S AF Nikoobakht, B Michaels, CA Vaudin, MD Stranick, S TI Horizontal growth and in situ assembly of oriented zinc oxide nanowires. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ceram Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM babakn@nist.gov RI Nikoobakht, Babak/D-7562-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 043-PHYS BP U709 EP U709 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603043 ER PT J AU Porcar, L Hamilton, WA Butler, PD Warr, GG AF Porcar, L Hamilton, WA Butler, PD Warr, GG TI Topological relaxation and the energetics of membrane fusion in sponge phases SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM lionel.porcar@nist.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 568-COLL BP U737 EP U737 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705241 ER PT J AU Porcar, L Warr, GG Hamilton, WA Butler, P AF Porcar, L Warr, GG Hamilton, WA Butler, P TI Shear induced collapse in an entropically-stabilised lyotropic lamellar phase. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM lionel.porcar@nist.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 447-COLL BP U718 EP U718 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705122 ER PT J AU Poskrehyshev, G Neta, P Huie, RE AF Poskrehyshev, G Neta, P Huie, RE TI Decomposition of monochloramine and formation of NH2, NHCl, NHClO2 and [CO3NHCl] - radicals under radiation. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Oak Crest Inst Sci, Pasadena, CA 91107 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Expt Kinet & Thermodynam Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM poskr@yahoo.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 373-PHYS BP U759 EP U759 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603372 ER PT J AU Ravishankara, AR AF Ravishankara, AR TI Chemistry-climate coupling: The importance of chemistry in climate issues. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NOAA, Skaggs Res Ctr, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ravi@al.noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 169-PHYS BP U728 EP U728 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603169 ER PT J AU Ravishankara, AR Baynard, T Lack, D Lovejoy, ER AF Ravishankara, AR Baynard, T Lack, D Lovejoy, ER TI Aerosols in the atmosphere: Their characterization using optical techniques. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NOAA, Skaggs Res Ctr, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ravi@al.noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 132-PHYS BP U722 EP U722 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603132 ER PT J AU Richter, LJ Richter, CA Hacker, CA AF Richter, LJ Richter, CA Hacker, CA TI Spectroscopic and electrical characterization of buried metal interfaces: Metal-molecule-silicon structures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM lee.richter@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 360-COLL BP U704 EP U705 PN 1 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705036 ER PT J AU Schmidt, G Loizou, E Butler, P Porcar, L AF Schmidt, G Loizou, E Butler, P Porcar, L TI Dynamic responses in polymer clay gels and solutions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM gudrun@lsu.edu RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 404-COLL BP U712 EP U712 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705080 ER PT J AU Schroeder, L Monbouquette, HG Gallagher, DT AF Schroeder, L Monbouquette, HG Gallagher, DT TI Novel archaeal alanine dehydrogenase family: Characterization and crystal structure of the enzyme from Archaeoglobus fulgidus. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Mol Genet, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Chem Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM imkes@microbio.ucla.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 034-BTEC BP U1177 EP U1177 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605434 ER PT J AU Smith, KM Satterfield, MB Nelson, B AF Smith, KM Satterfield, MB Nelson, B TI Determination of folate vitamers in spinach via liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet and fluorescence detection. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kms111@msstate.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 303-CHED BP U386 EP U386 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177702329 ER PT J AU Snyder, KA AF Snyder, KA TI Electrochemical methods for characterizing ionic transport in porous materials saturated with concentrated aqueous electrolyte. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.snyder@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 918-INOR BP U1106 EP U1106 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177707914 ER PT J AU Soles, CL Douglas, JF Wu, WL AF Soles, CL Douglas, JF Wu, WL TI Dynamics and diffusion in thin polymers films. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM csoles@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 294-PMSE BP U1149 EP U1149 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066605294 ER PT J AU Teague, LC AF Teague, LC TI Transport properties in oxidized carbon nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 377-COLL BP U707 EP U707 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705053 ER PT J AU Teague, LC AF Teague, LC TI Organizing porphyrinic nanostructures on surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Chem & Biochem, New York, NY 10021 USA. CUNY, Grad Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 342-COLL BP U702 EP U702 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705019 ER PT J AU Trainor, TP AF Trainor, TP TI Structure of the hydroxylated alpha-Fe2O3 (0001) surface: Surface x-ray diffraction and density functional theory results. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Comp Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 233-PHYS BP U738 EP U738 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066603232 ER PT J AU Tsai, FA Mahoney, CM Gillen, G AF Tsai, FA Mahoney, CM Gillen, G TI Analysis of a model drug delivery system using cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Troy, NY 12180 USA. NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM tsaif@rpi.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 227-ANYL BP U126 EP U126 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177700560 ER PT J AU Tsang, W AF Tsang, W TI Chemically activated decomposition of N-pentyl radicals at high temperatures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wing.tsang@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 046-FUEL BP U858 EP U858 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177706179 ER PT J AU Wagner, NJ Liberatore, M Nettesheim, F Porcar, L AF Wagner, NJ Liberatore, M Nettesheim, F Porcar, L TI Small angle neutron scattering under flow in the 1-2 plane: Rheo-sans of phase-separating self-assembled wormlike surfactants and MLV formation kinetics SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Univ Delaware, Ctr Mol & Engn Thermodynam, Colburn Lab, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Univ Delaware, Dept Chem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM wagner@che.udel.edu RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 563-COLL BP U736 EP U736 PN 1 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 913TZ UT WOS:000228177705236 ER PT J AU Wooley, KL Becker, ML Joralemon, MJ Pan, DJ Qi, K Turner, JL AF Wooley, KL Becker, ML Joralemon, MJ Pan, DJ Qi, K Turner, JL TI Biologically-active nanostructures derived from functionalized polymerization initiators. SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 229th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY MAR 13-17, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 Washington Univ, Ctr Mat Innovat, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Chem, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM klwooley@artsci.wustl.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAR 13 PY 2005 VL 229 MA 154-POLY BP U929 EP U929 PN 2 PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 008UQ UT WOS:000235066604154 ER PT J AU Nalli, NR Clemente-Colon, P Morris, V Joseph, E Szczodrak, M Minnett, PJ Shannahoff, J Goldberg, MD Barnet, C Wolf, WW Feltz, WF Knuteson, RO AF Nalli, NR Clemente-Colon, P Morris, V Joseph, E Szczodrak, M Minnett, PJ Shannahoff, J Goldberg, MD Barnet, C Wolf, WW Feltz, WF Knuteson, RO TI Profile observations of the Saharan air layer during AEROSE 2004 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; VALIDATION; OUTBREAKS AB This paper describes 3-hourly radiosonde observations of the Saharan air layer (SAL) acquired from the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown during the 2004 Aerosol and Ocean Science Expedition (AEROSE). The sampling frequency allows for unique vertical cross-sectional analyses of SAL phenomena, including dust events detected by shipboard Sun photometers, observed during March 2004. The observational analyses provide, for the first time, a coherent, 2-dimensional space-time depiction of the SAL as an expansive warm, dry, stable column located above the marine boundary layer. Midlevel easterly wind maxima are also observed to occur near the leading edge of the dry layers. The AEROSE sounding data will be useful for studies of the SAL, as well as for validation of environmental satellite sensors, especially the Aqua Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS). C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Howard Univ, NOAA, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA Ship Ronald H Brown, Marine Operat Ctr, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, E-RA2,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM nick.nalli@noaa.gov RI Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Wolf, Walter/E-7935-2011; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010 OI Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833; NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 12 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 5 AR L05815 DI 10.1029/2004GL022028 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 906LB UT WOS:000227641200008 ER PT J AU Wang, YJ Anderson, DZ Bright, VM Cornell, EA Diot, Q Kishimoto, T Prentiss, M Saravanan, RA Segal, SR Wu, SJ AF Wang, YJ Anderson, DZ Bright, VM Cornell, EA Diot, Q Kishimoto, T Prentiss, M Saravanan, RA Segal, SR Wu, SJ TI Atom Michelson interferometer on a chip using a Bose-Einstein condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE; WAVE AB An atom Michelson interferometer is implemented on an "atom chip." The chip uses lithographically patterned conductors and external magnetic fields to produce and guide a Bose-Einstein condensate. Splitting, reflecting, and recombining of condensate atoms are achieved by a standing-wave light field having a wave vector aligned along the atom waveguide. A differential phase shift between the two arms of the interferometer is introduced by either a magnetic-field gradient or with an initial condensate velocity. Interference contrast is still observable at 20% with an atom propagation time of 10 ms. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Engn Mech, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Wang, YJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 20 TC 239 Z9 245 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 11 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 9 AR 090405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.090405 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 905KC UT WOS:000227566000005 PM 15783948 ER PT J AU Garcia, HE Boyer, TP Levitus, S Locarnini, RA Antonov, JI AF Garcia, HE Boyer, TP Levitus, S Locarnini, RA Antonov, JI TI Climatological annual cycle of upper ocean oxygen content anomaly SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MEAN ANNUAL CYCLE; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; CARBON BUDGET; SEA; FLUXES AB The climatological annual cycle of oxygen content anomaly of the 0-100 m depth layer for major ocean basins is described using Fourier analysis of objectively analyzed monthly O-2 anomaly values on a 1 degrees grid (70 degrees S-70 degrees N). The largest seasonal changes in O2 content anomaly occur in the extra-tropics in the 30 degrees to 60 degrees latitude belt of each hemisphere. The magnitude of the global cycle is dominated by the Pacific Ocean. The annual and semi-annual harmonics account for most (> 90%) of the annual cycle of the monthly O-2 content anomaly. The magnitude of the annual harmonic is largest in the upper 75 m layer except in the tropics and high latitudes. The annual harmonic accounts for > 90% of the variance of the zonally integrated monthly O-2 content anomaly. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Garcia, HE (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, E-OC5,1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM hernan.garcia@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 5 AR L05611 DI 10.1029/2004GL021745 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 906KZ UT WOS:000227641000004 ER PT J AU Burnett, DJ Gabelnick, AM Fischer, DA Marsh, AL Gland, JL AF Burnett, DJ Gabelnick, AM Fischer, DA Marsh, AL Gland, JL TI Mechanism of acetylene oxidation on the Pt(111) surface using in situ fluorescence yield near-edge spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS LA English DT Article DE near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS); oxidation; surface chemical reaction; platinum; low index single crystal surfaces ID SOFT-X-RAY; ENERGY ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; H BOND ACTIVATION; CATALYTIC-OXIDATION; CO OXIDATION; CRYSTAL-FACE; PLATINUM; ETHYLENE; HYDROCARBONS; PROPYLENE AB In situ studies of acetylene oxidation on Pt(111) have been performed with both fluorescence yield near-edge spectroscopy (FYNES) and temperature-programmed FYNES (TP-FYNES) for temperatures up to 600 K and flowing oxygen pressures LIP to 0.009 Torr. Low-temperature spectroscopic (FYNES) results indicate that at 150 K acetylene adsorbs with the C-C backbone tilted slightly up from the Pt(111) Surface. consistent with the formation of an eta(2)-mu(3)-CCH2 surface intermediate. When acetylene is preadsorbed on the Pt(111) surface, forming the eta(2)-mu(3)-CCH2 intermediate, oxidation occurs in a single step over the 330-420 K temperature range. In the presence of excess oxygen, little effect on the rate of oxidation is seen when the oxygen pressure is increased. as observed previously for oxidation of adsorbed propyne on the Pt(111) surface. Comparison between the intensity of the C-H sigma* resonance and the intensity in the carbon continuum clearly shows that the adsorbed hydrocarbon intermediate maintains a 1:1 C-H stoichiometry throughout oxidation, suggesting that oxydehydrogenation and skeletal oxidation occur Simultaneously above 330 K. Identical reaction temperature profiles observed for (1) reaction of coadsorbed acetylene and atomic oxygen, and (2) reaction of acetylene and oxygen from the gas phase signify that in both cases a direct, bimolecular surface reaction mechanism occurs during oxidation. For the catalytic Studies. a large temperature hysteresis, which is associated with inhibition of oxygen adsorption by acetylene, is observed during thermal cycling. Detailed isothermal kinetic studies performed in flowing oxygen pressures indicate that the apparent activation energy for oxidation is 20.3 +/- 2.0 kcal/rnol with a pre-exponential factor of 10(10.3 +/- 1.0) s(-1). Taken together, these results clearly indicate that surface properties and reactant properties both play major roles in controlling oxidation reactions over an extended ran-e of reaction conditions. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gland, JL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, 2300 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM gland@umich.edu NR 36 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9517 J9 J CATAL JI J. Catal. PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 230 IS 2 BP 282 EP 290 DI 10.1016/j.jcat.2004.11.022 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 905KA UT WOS:000227565800003 ER PT J AU Fisher, JA Richardson, MI Newman, CE Szwast, MA Graf, C Basu, S Ewald, SP Toigo, AD Wilson, RJ AF Fisher, JA Richardson, MI Newman, CE Szwast, MA Graf, C Basu, S Ewald, SP Toigo, AD Wilson, RJ TI A survey of martian dust devil activity using mars global surveyor mars orbiter camera images SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-PLANETS LA English DT Article ID PATHFINDER; ATMOSPHERE; VORTICES AB A survey of dust devils using the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) wide- and narrow-angle (WA and NA) images has been undertaken. The survey comprises two parts: (1) sampling of nine broad regions from September 1997 to July 2001 and (2) a focused seasonal monitoring of variability in the Amazonis region, an active dust devil site, from March 2001 to April 2004. For part 1, dust devils were identified in NA and WA images, and dust devil tracks were identified in NA images. Great spatial variability in dust devil occurrence is highlighted, with Amazonis Planitia being the most active region examined. Other active regions included Cimmerium, Sinai, and Solis. Numerous dust devil tracks, but very few dust devils, were observed in Casius. This may suggest dust devils here occur at local times other than that of the MGS orbit (similar to 2 pm). Alternatively, variations in surface properties may affect the ability of dust devils to leave visible tracks. The seasonal campaign within Amazonis shows a relatively smooth variation of dust devil activity with season, peaking in mid northern summer and falling to zero in southern spring and summer. This pattern of activity correlates well with the boundary layer maximum depth and hence the vigor of convection. Global maps of boundary layer depth and surface temperature do not predict that Amazonis should be especially active, potentially suggesting a role for mesoscale circulations. Measurement of observed dust devils yields heights of up to 8 km and widths in excess of 0.5 km. C1 CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. La Canada High Sch, Fukui 91011, Japan. Kobe Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Astron, Ithaca, NY USA. RP CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, MS 150-21, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM mir@gps.caltech.edu RI Fisher, Jenny/J-3979-2012 OI Fisher, Jenny/0000-0002-2921-1691 NR 33 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9097 EI 2169-9100 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-PLANET JI J. Geophys. Res.-Planets PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 110 IS E3 AR E03004 DI 10.1029/2003JE002165 PG 18 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 906LM UT WOS:000227642600001 ER PT J AU Simon-Manso, Y AF Simon-Manso, Y TI Linear free-energy relationships and the density functional theory: An analog of the Hammett equation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID CONSTANTS AB Density functional theory has been applied to describe electronic substituent effects, especially in the pursuit of linear relationships similar to those observed from physical organic chemistry experiments. In particular, analogues for the Hammett equation parameters (sigma, rho) have been developed. Theoretical calculations were performed on several series of organic molecules in order to validate our model and for comparison with experimental results. The trends obtained by Hammett-like relations predicted by the model were found to be in qualitative agreement with the experimental data. The results obtained in this study suggest the applicability of similar correlation analysis based on theoretical methodologies that do not make use of empirical fits to experimental data can be useful in the study of substituent effects in organic chemistry. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RP Simon-Manso, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yamil.simon-manso@nist.gov NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAR 10 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 9 BP 2006 EP 2011 DI 10.1021/jp0454467 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 904EP UT WOS:000227479200034 PM 16833535 ER PT J AU Lee, C Schwab, DJ Hawley, N AF Lee, C Schwab, DJ Hawley, N TI Sensitivity analysis of sediment resuspension parameters in coastal area of southern Lake Michigan SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT; EROSION; MODEL; DYNAMICS; LAYER; BED AB Model sensitivity analysis was performed to identify and compare quantitatively the important resuspension parameters in the coastal area of southern Lake Michigan. A one- dimensional resuspension and bed model capable of dealing with the type of mixed sediments ( fine- grained+ sand) common in the coastal area was developed and utilized to compare with measured suspended sediment concentrations. The results show that the most sensitive parameters in the model are the fraction of fine- grained materials and sediment availability. Other resuspension parameters such as settling velocity, critical shear stress, and erosion rate constant are also found to be important and may cause up to a 40% difference in suspended sediment concentration. Among those, the absolute magnitude of settling velocity is most crucial in controlling the first order prediction. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Seattle Res Ctr, Battelle Mem Inst, Seattle, WA 98109 USA. RP Lee, C (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM leecheeg@battelle.org RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012 NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C3 AR C03004 DI 10.1029/2004JC002326 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 906LI UT WOS:000227642100001 ER PT J AU Byrd, HCM Bencherif, SA Bauer, BJ Beers, KL Brun, Y Lin-Gibson, S Sari, N AF Byrd, HCM Bencherif, SA Bauer, BJ Beers, KL Brun, Y Lin-Gibson, S Sari, N TI Examination of the covalent cationization method using narrow polydisperse polystyrene SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; SAMPLE PREPARATION; POLYMERS; MALDI; IONIZATION; DISCRIMINATION; ISSUES AB Four bromine- and phosphonium-terminated polystyrenes were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry (MS) using covalent cationization. Bromine-terminated polystyrenes were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) giving narrow molar mass (MM) distributions with number-average molar mass ranging from 2 to 40 ku. The resultant bromine end group was converted to a phosphonium ion. Precharging the polymer by covalent cationization is an alternative approach to traditional metal cationization for MALDI-MS polymer analysis. MALDI-MS, gel permeation chromatography, and proton nuclear magnetic resonance analyses confirmed ATRP synthesis and end group modification of the polystyrenes. High performance liquid chromatography at the critical point of adsorption was used to determine a phosphonium salt conversion between 37% and 90%. Similar MMs and MM distributions determined by MALDI-MS analysis were observed for Br-terminated polystyrene ionized using traditional metal cationization and the covalently cationized (i.e., phosphonium-terminated) polystyrene. Covalently cationized samples yielded better data quality than the Br-terminated samples. Higher signal intensity and signal reproducibility were observed for the covalently cationized samples using milder laser conditions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. DuPont Corp Ctr Analyt Serv, Wilmington, DE 19800 USA. Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Byrd, HCM (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, 505 King Ave, Columbus, OH 43201 USA. EM byrdh@battelle.org OI BENCHERIF, SIDI/0000-0002-7704-5608 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1564 EP 1572 DI 10.1021/ma0495745 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 903TJ UT WOS:000227448200010 ER PT J AU Ludwigs, S Schmidt, K Stafford, CM Amis, EJ Fasolka, MJ Karim, A Magerle, R Krausch, G AF Ludwigs, S Schmidt, K Stafford, CM Amis, EJ Fasolka, MJ Karim, A Magerle, R Krausch, G TI Combinatorial mapping of the phase behavior of ABC triblock terpolymers in thin films: Experiments SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER MICRODOMAINS; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; MORPHOLOGIES; ARRAYS; THERMODYNAMICS; ORIENTATION; TEMPLATES; POLYMERS AB We report on the thin film phase behavior of poly(styrene)-block-poly(2-vinylpyridine)-block-poly(tert-butyl methacrylate) triblock terpolymers with volume fractions phi(PS):phi(P2VP):phi(PtBMA) scaling as 1:12 x, with x ranging from 3.05 to 4. On controlled annealing in the vapor of a nearly nonselective solvent the films form terraces of well-defined thickness with a highly ordered hexagonally perforated lamella structure. Using a gradient combinatorial technique we are able to systematically map the dependence of the morphology on the film thickness. By use of substrates with different surface energy we demonstrate that the perforated lamella is a stable phase, regardless of the chemical nature of the substrate, which makes the structure and methodology robust for application in nanotechnology. C1 Univ Bayreuth, BZKG, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Univ Bayreuth, POB 101251, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. EM georg.krausch@uni-bayreuth.de RI Krausch, Georg/B-9022-2009 NR 62 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 5 U2 30 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 EI 1520-5835 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1850 EP 1858 DI 10.1021/ma049048d PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 903TJ UT WOS:000227448200046 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B Horkay, F Becker, ML AF Hammouda, B Horkay, F Becker, ML TI Clustering and solvation in poly(acrylic acid) polyelectrolyte solutions SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; MULTIMACROION DOMAINS; DEPENDENCE; STABILITY; DYNAMICS C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NICHD, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hammouda@nist.gov NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 4 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAR 8 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 5 BP 2019 EP 2021 DI 10.1021/ma047960g PG 3 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 903TJ UT WOS:000227448200065 ER PT J AU Iniguez, J Yildirim, T AF Iniguez, J Yildirim, T TI First-principles study of Ti-doped sodium alanate surfaces SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN STORAGE; NAALH4 AB We have performed first-principles calculations of thick slabs of Ti-doped sodium alanate (NaAlH4), which allows one to study the system energetics as the dopant progresses from the surface to the bulk. Our calculations predict that Ti stays on the surface, substitutes for Na, and attracts a large number of H atoms to its vicinity. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the most likely product of the Ti doping is the formation of H-rich TiAln(n > 1) compounds on the surface, and hint at the mechanism by which Ti enhances the reaction kinetics of NaAlH4. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Iniguez, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jiniguez@icmab.es RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Iniguez, Jorge/B-6856-2009 OI Iniguez, Jorge/0000-0001-6435-3604 NR 17 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 10 AR 103109 DI 10.1063/1.1881787 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 911YQ UT WOS:000228044700058 ER PT J AU Johnson, WL Kim, SA Russek, SE Kabos, P AF Johnson, WL Kim, SA Russek, SE Kabos, P TI Brillouin light scattering from pumped uniform-precession and low-k magnons in Ni81Fe19 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FILMS; PERMALLOY; DYNAMICS AB A method is presented for performing Brillouin-light-scattering measurements on uniform-precession and low-wave-number (low-k) magnons excited by a microwave magnetic field in opaque magnetic specimens. The optical configuration is similar to that employed in conventional 180 degrees backscattering measurements, except that the incident and specularly reflected beams pass through the collection lens along different parallel paths. Examples of spectra from a Ni81Fe19 film are presented that include separate detection of light scattered from low-k magnons with the same frequency as the uniform precession. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wjohnson@boulder.nist.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 10 AR 102507 DI 10.1063/1.1882754 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 911YQ UT WOS:000228044700041 ER PT J AU Moll, KD Jones, RJ Ye, J AF Moll, KD Jones, RJ Ye, J TI Nonlinear dynamics inside femtosecond enhancement cavities SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SECOND-HARMONIC GENERATION; PASSIVE OPTICAL CAVITY; PULSE AMPLIFICATION; LASER; LOCKING; PHYSICS; FABRY AB We have investigated the effect of intracavity nonlinear dynamics arising from enhanced peak powers of femtosecond pulses inside broad- bandwidth, dispersion-controlled, high-finesse optical cavities. We find that for chi((3)) nonlinearities, when a train of femtosecond pulses are maximally coupled into a cavity by active stabilization of its frequency comb to the corresponding linear resonances of a cavity, enhancement ceases when the peak nonlinear phase shift is sufficient to shift the cavity resonance frequencies by more than a cavity linewidth. In addition, we study and account for the complex spectral dynamics that result from chirping the input pulse and show excellent qualitative agreement with experimental results. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Moll, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mollk@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD MAR 7 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 5 BP 1672 EP 1678 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.001672 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 904HW UT WOS:000227487700036 PM 19495044 ER PT J AU Suits, NS Denning, AS Berry, JA Still, CJ Kaduk, J Miller, JB Baker, IT AF Suits, NS Denning, AS Berry, JA Still, CJ Kaduk, J Miller, JB Baker, IT TI Simulation of carbon isotope discrimination of the terrestrial biosphere SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; WATER-USE EFFICIENCY; LAND-COVER CLASSIFICATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2 SOURCES; VEGETATION CHARACTERISTICS; STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; CONTINUOUS FIELDS AB We introduce a multistage model of carbon isotope discrimination during C3 photosynthesis and global maps of C3/C4 plant ratios to an ecophysiological model of the terrestrial biosphere (SiB2) in order to predict the carbon isotope ratios of terrestrial plant carbon globally at a 1 degrees resolution. The model is driven by observed meteorology from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), constrained by satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and run for the years 1983 - 1993. Modeled mean annual C3 discrimination during this period is 19.2 parts per thousand; total mean annual discrimination by the terrestrial biosphere (C3 and C4 plants) is 15.9 parts per thousand. We test simulation results in three ways. First, we compare the modeled response of C3 discrimination to changes in physiological stress, including daily variations in vapor pressure deficit ( vpd) and monthly variations in precipitation, to observed changes in discrimination inferred from Keeling plot intercepts. Second, we compare mean delta(13) C ratios from selected biomes ( Broadleaf, Temperate Broadleaf, Temperate Conifer, and Boreal) to the observed values from Keeling plots at these biomes. Third, we compare simulated zonal delta(13) C ratios in the Northern Hemisphere (20 degrees N to 60 degrees N) to values predicted from high-frequency variations in measured atmospheric CO2 and delta(13)C from terrestrially dominated sites within the NOAA-Globalview flask network. The modeled response to changes in vapor pressure deficit compares favorably to observations. Simulated discrimination in tropical forests of the Amazon basin is less sensitive to changes in monthly precipitation than is suggested by some observations. Mean model delta(13)C ratios for Broadleaf, Temperate Broadleaf, Temperate Conifer, and Boreal biomes compare well with the few measurements available; however, there is more variability in observations than in the simulation, and modeled delta(13)C values for tropical forests are heavy relative to observations. Simulated zonal delta(13) C ratios in the Northern Hemisphere capture patterns of zonal delta(13)C inferred from atmospheric measurements better than previous investigations. Finally, there is still a need for additional constraints to verify that carbon isotope models behave as expected. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Stanford Univ, Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Plant Biol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Leicester, Dept Geog, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Suits, NS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM nsuits@atmos.colostate.edu RI Berry, Joseph/B-8211-2009; Denning, Scott/F-4974-2011 OI Berry, Joseph/0000-0002-5849-6438; Denning, Scott/0000-0003-3032-7875 NR 94 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAR 5 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 AR GB1017 DI 10.1029/2003GB002141 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 905ED UT WOS:000227549800001 ER PT J AU Chadwick, J Perfit, M Ridley, I Kamenov, G Chadwick, W Embley, R le Roux, P Smith, M AF Chadwick, J Perfit, M Ridley, I Kamenov, G Chadwick, W Embley, R le Roux, P Smith, M TI Magmatic effects of the Cobb hot spot on the Juan de Fuca Ridge SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GALAPAGOS SPREADING CENTER; REYKJANES-RIDGE; MIDOCEAN RIDGE; AXIAL VOLCANO; MANTLE PLUME; TEMPORAL EVOLUTION; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; ENDEAVOR SEGMENT; OCEANIC BASALTS AB The interaction of the Juan de Fuca Ridge with the Cobb hot spot has had a considerable influence on the magmatism of the Axial Segment of the ridge, the second order segment that overlies the hot spot. In addition to the construction of the large volcanic edifice of Axial Seamount, the Axial Segment has shallow bathymetry and a prevalence of constructional volcanic features along its 100- km length, suggesting that hot spot - derived magmas supplement and oversupply the ridge. Lavas are generally more primitive at Axial Seamount and more evolved in the Axial Segment rift zones, suggesting that fractional crystallization is enhanced with increasing distance from the hot spot because of a reduced magma supply and more rapid cooling. Although the Cobb hot spot is not an isotopically enriched plume, it produces lavas with some distinct geochemical characteristics relative to normal mid- ocean ridge basalt, such as enrichments in alkalis and highly incompatible trace elements, that can be used as tracers to identify the presence and prevalence of the hot spot influence along the ridge. These characteristics are most prominent at Axial Seamount and decline in gradients along the Axial Segment. The physical model that can best explain the geochemical observations is a scenario in which hot spot and mid- ocean ridge basalt ( MORB) magmas mix to varying degrees, with the proportions controlled by the depth to the MORB source. Modeling of two- component mixing suggests that MORB is the dominant component in most Axial Segment basalts. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Nat Resources Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E8, Canada. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Terr Magnetism, Washington, DC 20015 USA. US Geol Survey, Denver Fed Ctr, Lakewood, CO 80225 USA. RP Chadwick, J (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, PMEL, 2115 SE Oregan State Univ Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM chadjohn@isu.edu OI Kamenov, George/0000-0002-6041-6687 NR 59 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD MAR 5 PY 2005 VL 110 IS B3 AR B03101 DI 10.1029/2003JB002767 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 905EY UT WOS:000227552100001 ER PT J AU Holden, JM Andrews, KW Zhao, C Schweitzer, AL Perry, CR Harnly, J Wolf, W Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Betz, JM Saldanha, LG Yetley, E Fisher, K Sharpless, K Radimer, K Bindewald, B AF Holden, JM Andrews, KW Zhao, C Schweitzer, AL Perry, CR Harnly, J Wolf, W Dwyer, JT Picciano, MF Betz, JM Saldanha, LG Yetley, E Fisher, K Sharpless, K Radimer, K Bindewald, B TI Dietary supplement ingredient database project: protocol development SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 USDA, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CDC, NHANES, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A86 EP A86 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610700397 ER PT J AU McGruder, BM Jakupciak, J AF McGruder, BM Jakupciak, J TI Real-time cancer assay as alternative for lengthy telomerase repeat amplification protocol(TRAP) SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 Mississippi State Univ, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A309 EP A310 PN 1 PG 2 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610702147 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Sniegoski, LT Welch, MJ Satterfield, MB AF Nelson, BC Sniegoski, LT Welch, MJ Satterfield, MB TI Analytical quantification of total homocysteine and folate in human serum in relation to cardiovascular disease risk assessment and prevention SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 NIST, Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A264 EP A264 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610701590 ER PT J AU Noren, DP Ortiz, RM AF Noren, DP Ortiz, RM TI Plasma metabolites indicate variation in energy reserve utilization in fasting northern elephant seal pups SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT Experimental Biology 2005 Meeting/35th International Congress of Physiological Sciences CY MAR 31-APR 06, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Assoc Anatomists, Amer Assoc Immunol, Amer Phtsiol Soc & Int Union Physiol Sci, Amer Soc Biochem & Mole Biol, Amer Soc Investigat Pathol, Amer Soc Nutr Sci, Amer Soc Pharmacol & Exptl Therapeut C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Physiol, HSC, New Orleans, LA 70068 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 4 SU S BP A192 EP A192 PN 1 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA 905ZQ UT WOS:000227610701250 ER PT J AU Simula, TP Engels, P Coddington I Schweikhard V Cornell, EA Ballagh, RJ AF Simula, TP Engels, P Coddington, I Schweikhard, V Cornell, EA Ballagh, RJ TI Observations on sound propagation in rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Repulsive laser potential pulses applied to vortex lattices of rapidly rotating Bose-Einstein condensates create propagating density waves which we have observed experimentally and modeled computationally to high accuracy. We have observed a rich variety of dynamical phenomena ranging from interference effects and shock-wave formation to anisotropic sound propagation. C1 Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin, New Zealand. Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Phys Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Simula, TP (reprint author), Univ Otago, Dept Phys, Dunedin, New Zealand. RI Simula, Tapio/I-1460-2012 OI Simula, Tapio/0000-0003-0730-9126 NR 27 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 8 AR 080404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.080404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 902VY UT WOS:000227386000004 PM 15783870 ER PT J AU Vajk, OP Kenzelmann, M Lynn, JW Kim, SB Cheong, SW AF Vajk, OP Kenzelmann, M Lynn, JW Kim, SB Cheong, SW TI Magnetic order and spin dynamics in ferroelectric HoMnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; HEXAGONAL MANGANITES; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; POLARIZATION; ND2CUO4; FIELD; PR; SM AB Hexagonal HoMnO3 is a frustrated antiferromagnet (T-N=72 K) ferroelectric (T-C=875 K) in which these two order parameters are coupled. Our neutron measurements of the spin-wave dispersion for the S=2 Mn3+ on the layered triangular lattice are well described by a two-dimensional nearest-neighbor Heisenberg exchange J=2.44 meV, and an anisotropy D that is 0.28 meV above the spin-reorientation transition at 40 K and 0.38 meV below. For Hparallel toc the magnetic structures and phase diagram have been determined, and reveal additional transitions below 8 K where the ferroelectrically displaced Ho3+ ions are ordered magnetically. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Vajk, OP (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008 OI Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826 NR 21 TC 113 Z9 113 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 8 AR 087601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.087601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 902VY UT WOS:000227386000067 PM 15783933 ER PT J AU Kelley, DS Karson, JA Fruh-Green, GL Yoerger, DR Shank, TM Butterfield, DA Hayes, JM Schrenk, MO Olson, EJ Proskurowski, G Jakuba, M Bradley, A Larson, B Ludwig, K Glickson, D Buckman, K Bradley, AS Brazelton, WJ Roe, K Elend, MJ Delacour, A Bernasconi, SM Lilley, MD Baross, JA Summons, RT Sylva, SP AF Kelley, DS Karson, JA Fruh-Green, GL Yoerger, DR Shank, TM Butterfield, DA Hayes, JM Schrenk, MO Olson, EJ Proskurowski, G Jakuba, M Bradley, A Larson, B Ludwig, K Glickson, D Buckman, K Bradley, AS Brazelton, WJ Roe, K Elend, MJ Delacour, A Bernasconi, SM Lilley, MD Baross, JA Summons, RT Sylva, SP TI A serpentinite-hosted ecosystem: The lost city hydrothermal field SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MID-ATLANTIC RIDGE; MUD VOLCANISM; OCEAN-RIDGE; VENT FAUNA; PERIDOTITE; REDUCTION; CHEMISTRY; SEDIMENTS; SYSTEMS; FLUIDS AB The serpentinite-hosted Lost City hydrothermal field is a remarkable submarine ecosystem in which geological, chemical, and biological processes are intimately interlinked. Reactions between seawater and upper mantle peridotite produce methane- and hydrogen-rich fluids, with temperatures ranging from <40&DEG; to 90&DEG;C at pH 9 to 11, and carbonate chimneys 30 to 60 meters tall. A low diversity of microorganisms related to methane-cycling Archaea thrive in the warm porous interiors of the edifices. Macrofaunal communities show a degree of species diversity at least as high as that of black smoker vent sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, but they lack the high biomasses of chemosynthetic organisms that are typical of volcanically driven systems. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Duke Univ, Div Earth & Ocean Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. ETH Zentrum, Dept Earth Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, MIT WHOI Joint Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Kelley, DS (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kelley@ocean.washington.edu RI Bradley, Alexander/A-9391-2009; Delacour, Adelie/B-8639-2012; Proskurowski, Giora/B-3862-2013; Sylva, Sean/D-4400-2014; Bernasconi, Stefano/E-5394-2010; Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016; Larson, Benjamin/K-4859-2016 OI Bradley, Alexander/0000-0002-4044-2802; Sylva, Sean/0000-0002-4727-440X; Bernasconi, Stefano/0000-0001-7672-8856; Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279; Larson, Benjamin/0000-0002-1007-1684 NR 44 TC 467 Z9 491 U1 16 U2 197 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAR 4 PY 2005 VL 307 IS 5714 BP 1428 EP 1434 DI 10.1126/science.1102556 PG 7 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 904MT UT WOS:000227503100036 PM 15746419 ER PT J AU Knill, E AF Knill, E TI Quantum computing with realistically noisy devices SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION; CHANNELS; TELEPORTATION; ALGORITHMS; TIME; GATE AB In theory, quantum computers offer a means of solving problems that would be intractable on conventional computers. Assuming that a quantum computer could be constructed, it would in practice be required to function with noisy devices called 'gates'. These gates cause decoherence of the fragile quantum states that are central to the computer's operation. The goal of so-called 'fault-tolerant quantum computing' is therefore to compute accurately even when the error probability per gate (EPG) is high. Here we report a simple architecture for fault-tolerant quantum computing, providing evidence that accurate quantum computing is possible for EPGs as high as three per cent. Such EPGs have been experimentally demonstrated, but to avoid excessive resource overheads required by the necessary architecture, lower EPGs are needed. Assuming the availability of quantum resources comparable to the digital resources available in today's computers, we show that non-trivial quantum computations at EPGs of as high as one per cent could be implemented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Knill, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM knill@boulder.nist.gov NR 34 TC 398 Z9 401 U1 1 U2 25 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD MAR 3 PY 2005 VL 434 IS 7029 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1038/nature03350 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 902ED UT WOS:000227334600036 PM 15744292 ER PT J AU Randall, CE Harvey, VL Manney, GL Orsolini, Y Codrescu, M Sioris, C Brohede, S Haley, CS Gordley, LL Zawodny, JM Russell, JM AF Randall, CE Harvey, VL Manney, GL Orsolini, Y Codrescu, M Sioris, C Brohede, S Haley, CS Gordley, LL Zawodny, JM Russell, JM TI Stratospheric effects of energetic particle precipitation in 2003-2004 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERE; ENHANCEMENTS; SIMULATIONS; NITROGEN; VORTEX AB Upper stratospheric enhancements in NOx (NO and NO2) were observed at high northern latitudes from March through at least July of 2004. Multi-satellite data analysis is used to examine the temporal evolution of the enhancements, to place them in historical context, and to investigate their origin. The enhancements were a factor of 4 higher than nominal at some locations, and are unprecedented in the northern hemisphere since at least 1985. They were accompanied by reductions in O-3 of more than 60% in some cases. The analysis suggests that energetic particle precipitation led to substantial NOx production in the upper atmosphere beginning with the remarkable solar storms in late October 2003 and possibly persisting through January. Downward transport of the excess NOx, facilitated by unique meteorological conditions in 2004 that led to an unusually strong upper stratospheric vortex from late January through March, caused the enhancements. C1 Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Resources Management, Las Vegas, NM USA. Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Chalmers, Dept Radio & Space Sci, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ York, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, Toronto, ON M3J 1PE, Canada. GATS Inc, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA USA. Hampton Univ, Dept Phys, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Randall, CE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Campus Box 392, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cora.randall@lasp.colorado.edu RI Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014; OI Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397; Sioris, Christopher/0000-0003-1168-8755 NR 14 TC 148 Z9 149 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 2 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 5 AR L05802 DI 10.1029/2004GL022003 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 905DO UT WOS:000227548100004 ER PT J AU Xu, Q AF Xu, Q TI Representations of inverse covariances by differential operators SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE differential operator; inverse background covariance; data assimilation ID 3-DIMENSIONAL ERROR COVARIANCES; VARIATIONAL STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; RANGE FORECAST ERRORS; SINGLE-DOPPLER RADAR; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; RECURSIVE FILTERS; NUMERICAL ASPECTS; RADIOSONDE DATA; ADJOINT-METHOD AB In the cost function of three- or four-dimensional variational data assimilation, each term is weighted by the inverse of its associated error covariance matrix and the background. error covariance matrix is usually much larger than the other covariance matrices. Although the background error covariances are traditionally normalized and parameterized by simple smooth homogeneous correlation functions, the covariance matrices constructed from these correlation functions are often too large to be inverted or even manipulated. It is thus desirable to find direct representations of the inverses of background error correlations. This problem is studied in this paper. In particular, it is shown that the background term can be written into integral dx vertical bar Dv (x) vertical bar(2), that is, a squared L-2 norm. of a vector differential operator D, called the D-operator, applied to the field of analysis increment v(x). For autoregressive correlation functions, the D-operators are of finite orders. For Gaussian correlation functions, the D-operators are of infinite order. For practical applications, the Gaussian D-operators must be truncated to finite, orders. The truncation errors are found to be small even when the Gaussian D-operators are truncated to low orders. With a truncated D-operator, the background term can be easily constructed with neither inversion nor direct calculation of the covariance matrix. D-operators are also derived for non-Gaussian correlations and transformed into non-isotropic forms. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 49 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 181 EP 198 DI 10.1007/BF02918508 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909KE UT WOS:000227858000003 ER PT J AU Qiao, FL Zhang, SQ Yin, XQ AF Qiao, FL Zhang, SQ Yin, XQ TI Study of initial vorticity forcing for block onset by a 4-dimensional variational approach SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE 4D variation; block onset; global barotropic model ID SCALE CIRCULATION CHANGES; NON-LINEAR SYSTEMS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; EXPLOSIVE CYCLOGENESIS; PERSISTENT ANOMALIES; SENSITIVITY THEORY; EUROPEAN BLOCKING; LIFE-CYCLES; ADJOINT; ASSIMILATION AB With the aid of a global barotropic model, the role of the interaction of the synoptic-scale disturbance and the planetary flow in block onset is examined by a 4-dimensional variational approach. A cost function is defined to measure the squared errors of the forecasted stream functions during block onset period (day 4 and day 5. in this study). over a selected blocking domain. The sensitivity of block onset with respect to the initial synoptic-scale disturbance is studied by examining the gradient of the defined cost function with respect to the initial (during the first 24. hours) vorticity forcing, which is evaluated by the adjoint integration. Furthermore, the calculated cost function and gradient are connected with the limited-memory quasi-Newton optimization algorithm for solving the optimal initial vorticity forcing for block onset. For two studied cases of block onset (northern Atlantic and northern Pacific) introducing the optimal initial vorticity forcing, the nonlinear barotropic advection process mostly reconstructs these blocking onset processes. The results show that the formation of blocking can be correctly described by a barotropic nonlinear advection process, in which the wave-(synoptic-scale) flow (planetary-scale) interaction plays a very important role. On an appropriate planetary-scale flow, a certain synoptic-scale disturbance can cause the blocking onset by the interaction between the synoptic scale perturbations and the planetary scale basic flows. The extended forecasts show that the introduction of the optimal initial vorticity forcing can predict the blocking process up to the 7th or 8th day in this simple model case. The experimental results in this study show that the 4-dimensional variational approach has a good potential to be applied to study the dynamics of the medium-range weather processes. This simple model case study is only an initial trial. Applying the framework in this study to a complex model will further our understanding of the mechanism of the atmospheric/oceanic processes and improve their prediction. C1 State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. EM qiaofl@fio.org.cn RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 34 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 22 IS 2 BP 246 EP 259 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909KE UT WOS:000227858000010 ER PT J AU Gruninger, M Kopena, JB AF Gruninger, M Kopena, JB TI Semantic integration through invariants SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB A semantics-preserving exchange of information between two software applications requires mappings between logically equivalent concepts in the ontology of each application. The challenge of semantic integration is therefore equivalent to the problem of generating such mappings, determining that they are correct, and providing a vehicle for executing the mappings, thus translating terms from one ontology into another. This article presents an approach toward this goal using techniques that exploit the model-theoretic structures underlying ontologies. With these as inputs, semi-automated and automated components may be used to create mappings between ontologies and perform translations. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Drexel Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Gruninger, M (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Syst Res Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 26 IS 1 BP 11 EP 20 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 910JX UT WOS:000227928500002 ER PT J AU Richter, CA Stewart, DR Ohlberg, DAA Williams, RS AF Richter, CA Stewart, DR Ohlberg, DAA Williams, RS TI Electrical characterization of Al/AlOx/molecule/Ti/Al devices SO APPLIED PHYSICS A-MATERIALS SCIENCE & PROCESSING LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; ORGANIZED MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES; OXIDIZED ALUMINUM SURFACE; NORMAL-ALKANOIC ACIDS; VAPOR-DEPOSITED TI; POSITIVE CHARGE; ELECTRONICS; JUNCTIONS; CONDUCTANCE; CIRCUITS AB We report experimental electrical characterization of Al/AlOx/molecule/Ti/Al planar crossbar devices incorporating Langmuir-Blodgett organic monolayers of eicosanoic acid, 'fast blue', or chlorophyll-B. Current-voltage and capacitance - voltage measurements on all three molecular device structures exhibited controllable switching hysteresis. Control devices containing no molecules showed no evidence of switching. A model of interface trapped charge mediating electronic transport appears consistent with all of the data. This data illustrates the importance of considering the complete device system ( consisting of the molecules, the electrodes, and the interfaces) when analyzing its electrical behavior. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Hewlett Packard Labs, Quantum Sci Res, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM curt.richter@NIST.gov RI Williams, R. Stanley/A-8281-2009 OI Williams, R. Stanley/0000-0003-0213-4259 NR 56 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0947-8396 EI 1432-0630 J9 APPL PHYS A-MATER JI Appl. Phys. A-Mater. Sci. Process. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 80 IS 6 BP 1355 EP 1362 DI 10.1007/s00339-004-3169-x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 907DS UT WOS:000227696100028 ER PT J AU Lindberg, SE Dong, WJ Chanton, J Qualls, RG Meyers, T AF Lindberg, SE Dong, WJ Chanton, J Qualls, RG Meyers, T TI A mechanism for bimodal emission of gaseous mercury from aquatic macrophytes SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE everglades; methane; Typha domingensis; Cladium jamaicense; fluxes ID NUTRIENT REMOVAL PROJECT; NORTHERN FLORIDA EVERGLADES; GAS-TRANSPORT MECHANISMS; FRESH-WATER MACROPHYTES; PHRAGMITES-AUSTRALIS; METHANE EMISSION; AIR/WATER EXCHANGE; DRY DEPOSITION; METHYL MERCURY; ARDEA-ALBUS AB We performed intensive sampling campaigns of Hg-0 fluxes over emergent macrophytes in the Florida Everglades to find a surrogate for Hg fluxes from water and vegetation to identify the mechanisms of emission. We measured daytime lacunal and sediment gas concentrations of Hg-0, which suggested that the lacunal space acts as temporary storage for He and CH4. The absence of detectable He fluxes measured over uprooted (floating) plants and sediment incubation experiments suggest that the Hg-0 emitted from emergent macrophytes such as Typha and Cladium originates in the sediment. HgII in the rhizosphere is reduced to Hg-0 in these sediments by various processes, and is then transported by the plants to the atmosphere by two separate processes. At night, He and CH4 formed in the sediment accumulate in the lacunal space after crossing the root-sediment barrier. At sunrise, a form of pressurized through-flow purges the lacunal space of Typha into the atmosphere forming an early morning emission pulse for both gases, and coincidental peaks of CH4 and He suggest that the same lacunal gas transport mechanism is involved. Later in the day while the release of methane continues to deplete the lacunal pool, the He flux increases again to form a second peak in the afternoon when the CH4 emission has decreased. This peak parallels that of transpiration, and is presumably due to xylem transport of He from continued production of He in the rhizosphere, perhaps in response to release of root exudates. A mass balance for this similar to1500 ha wetland suggested that the total transpiration of Hg-0 is similar to1 kg yr(-1), or similar to20 times the amount evaded from the water surface. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. McNeese State Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Lake Charles, LA 70609 USA. RP Lindberg, SE (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM Lindbergse@ornl.gov RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 NR 58 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 7 BP 1289 EP 1301 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.11.006 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 901CN UT WOS:000227260700010 ER PT J AU Hicks, BB AF Hicks, BB TI A climatology of wet deposition scavenging ratios for the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE deposition; scavenging; precipitation; aerosols; rainout ID SULFATE; NITRATE; MODEL AB A decade of weekly measurements of precipitation chemistry obtained in the US National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) are combined with air concentration measurements from the Atmospheric Integrated Research Monitoring Network (AIRMoN) to estimate scavenging ratios (of concentrations in rain to like concentrations in surface air) for the ions that dominate precipitation chemistry-sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium. The intention is to provide a climatology of these ratios, for use in evaluating models that are now simulating precipitation chemistry as well as air quality. The scavenging ratios that are computed are found to be distributed approximately log-normally, with a standard deviation corresponding to about a factor of two. That is, if scavenging ratios are used to predict precipitation chemistry and wet deposition, then geometric means should be considered and the error for any given weekly prediction should be expected to be described by a standard deviation of a factor of two. (It follows that for daily predictions, the factor increases to about five.) Scavenging ratios appear to be similar for nitrate and ammonium, with those for sulfate being somewhat larger and displaying a behavior indicative of the contribution of in-cloud conversion from gaseous sulfur dioxide. Seasonal cycles are similar for most locations. The limited data available for western US stations indicate, however, that these locations yield scavenging ratios that can be significantly different from those characterizing the east. The data are in accord with the conventional understanding regarding the cloud scavenging of sulfur dioxide. For summer, each sulfur dioxide molecule appears to pass through an average of 1.3 clouds before being scavenged as sulfate. For winter, the average is 4.8 clouds. (c) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hicks, BB (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM bruce.hicks@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 9 BP 1585 EP 1596 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.10.039 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909KA UT WOS:000227857600003 ER PT J AU Han, J Byun, DW AF Han, J Byun, DW TI An improvement of the two-stream model for vertical mixing of passive tracer in the convective boundary layer SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE closure model; air quality; vertical transport; large-eddy simulation ID LARGE-EDDY-SIMULATION; CLOSURE-MODEL; DISPERSION; TURBULENCE; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; PLUME AB The two-stream model (TSM; Chatfield and Brost, J. Geophys. Res. 92 (1987) 13263-13276) was developed to account for advection-like vertical mixing features of a passive tracer in the convective boundary layer (CBL). In the TSM, the tracer is advected by two-streams (that is, mean updraft and downdraft), of which the vertical profiles are prescribed as functions of the CBL similarity scales, that is, the CBL height and velocity scales. Compared to the results from large-eddy simulation (LES) and laboratory model, the TSM shows similar plume propagation behavior, but the plume propagation speed appears to be too slow. This drawback of the TSM is found to be mainly due to too weak updraft and downdraft. To improve the TSM, therefore, we modify the prescribed vertical profiles of the mean updraft and downdraft using the LES data. Compared to the original up and down draft velocity profiles, the modified profiles have significantly larger magnitudes in the lower CBL while having similar magnitudes in the upper CBL. The realism of the modified TSM simulation of vertical mixing in the CBL is tested for near surface and elevated tracer sources against the LES results of which validity has been well verified with laboratory experiments and observation. For comparison purpose, we introduce other non-local closure models such as the Blackadar model, the asymmetric convective model, and the transilient turbulence parameterization as well as a local K-theory-based scheme. The modified TSM not only predicts much more improved tracer propagation than the original TSM but also yields the most superior results among the models introduced in this study, showing a remarkably realistic description of the temporal behavior for the concentration distributions and the ground and source level concentrations. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RS Informat Syst Inc, Environm Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Byun, DW (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, 312 Sci & Res Bldg, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM dwbyun@math.uh.edu NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 10 BP 1775 EP 1788 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2004.10.007 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 912WD UT WOS:000228109700002 ER PT J AU Le Marshall, J Jung, J Derber, J Treadon, R Lord, S Goldberg, M Wolf, W Liu, HC Joiner, J Woollen, J Todling, R van Delst, P Tahara, Y AF Le Marshall, J Jung, J Derber, J Treadon, R Lord, S Goldberg, M Wolf, W Liu, HC Joiner, J Woollen, J Todling, R van Delst, P Tahara, Y TI AIRS hyperspectral data improves southern hemisphere forecasts SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Le Marshall, J (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, World Weather Bldg Room 808,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM John.LeMarshall@noaa.gov RI Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Wolf, Walter/E-7935-2011; Joiner, Joanna/D-6264-2012 OI Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833; NR 7 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN GOVT PUBL SERV PI CANBERRA PA PO BOX 84, CANBERRA, 2601, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9743 J9 AUST METEOROL MAG JI Aust. Meteorol. Mag. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 54 IS 1 BP 57 EP 60 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 929KC UT WOS:000229344000005 ER PT J AU Green, BS McCormick, MI AF Green, BS McCormick, MI TI O-2 replenishment to fish nests: males adjust brood care to ambient conditions and brood development SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dissolved oxygen; metabolism; parental care; temperature ID FEMALE PARENTAL CARE; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; GASTEROSTEUS-ACULEATUS; VALENCIENNEA-LONGIPINNIS; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; FANNING ACTIVITY; SMALLMOUTH BASS; PATERNAL CARE; BEHAVIOR; COSTS AB Parental care through nest defense and maintenance enhances offspring success. In nature, obligate anemone-dwelling fishes and their nests of benthic eggs are protected against most predators by their host anemone; thus, parental care generally consists of nest tending through fanning and mouthing. Tending in fishes is believed to oxygenate the eggs; however, a real-time link between fanning and oxygenation is tenuous. This study investigated whether tending modified the oxygen microenvironment of the embryos and, subsequently, whether tending was modified according to ambient dissolved oxygen (DO), increasing metabolic demands of developing embryos, and water temperature. There was a time lag of approximately 1 s between tending and increases in the amount of oxygen within the nest, demonstrating that DO is directly affected by parental tending. While there was evidence of biparental care, males invested more time tending embryos (40% initially) than did females (20-30%), and male investment increased to 70% as embryo development progressed and embryonic metabolic demands increased. Additionally, male fish adjusted tending effort on a diel cycle as ambient DO fluctuated: time spent tending was lowest between 1000 and 1400 h (35%), when ambient DO was highest, and increased throughout the day, reaching a peak of 70% between 2200 and 0200 h, when ambient DO was lowest. Increased water temperature reduced the number of tending bouts per minute throughout the day but did not influence any other aspect of tending behavior. These results suggest that fish adjust tending behavior coincident to changing conditions in the nest, both on a daily basis and throughout development of the embryos. C1 James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine Biol & Aquaculture, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Green, BS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Howard Marine Sci Lab, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM bridget.green@noaa.gov RI Green, Bridget/G-3368-2014; McCormick, Mark/J-8301-2014 OI Green, Bridget/0000-0001-8214-6430; McCormick, Mark/0000-0001-9289-1645 NR 48 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 389 EP 397 DI 10.1093/beheco/ari007 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 899EC UT WOS:000227126700010 ER PT J AU Noble, JE Wang, L Cole, KD Gaigalas, AK AF Noble, JE Wang, L Cole, KD Gaigalas, AK TI The effect of overhanging nucleotides on fluorescence properties of hybridising oligonucleotides labelled with Alexa-488 and FAM fluorophores SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE nucleotides; Alexa-488; FAM ID REAL-TIME PCR; DNA; MOLECULES; PROBES; DYES AB In order to rationally select and design probes for real-time PCR, we have determined the influence of the overhang region of the complementary strand on the resulting fluorescence from a hybridising probe. A series of target oligonucleotides, each with a unique 3' overhang (4 bases), was hybridised to either 5' fluorescein (FAM)- or Alexa-488-labelled probes, and the changes in fluorescence properties were monitored. We found that the number of guanine bases in the overhang region of the target oligonucleotides was proportional to the amount of fluorescence quenching observed for both the FAM and Alexa-488 dyes. FAM appeared to be more sensitive to guanine-induced quenching with three and four guanine bases resulting in greater than a twofold decrease in the quantum yield of the fluorophore compared to the no-overhang target. In addition, we found that adenine bases caused fluorescence quenching of the Alexa-488-labelled probe, whereas the FAM-labelled probe appeared insensitive. The quenching data, generated with the steady-state fluorescence measurements, displayed a linear correlation with that obtained using a fluorescent thermal cycler, suggesting the applicability to real-time PCR measurements. Anisotropy data from the series of duplexes correlated with the fluorescence quantum yield, suggesting that quenching was accompanied by increased dye mobility. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Phys Lab, Qual Life Div, Biotechnol Grp, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP Wang, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lili.wang@nist.gov NR 22 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 113 IS 3 BP 255 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.bpc.2004.09.012 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 900YV UT WOS:000227251100006 PM 15620510 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, ES Likens, GE Hall, RO Buso, DC Fisher, SG Burton, TM Meyer, JL McDowell, WH Mayer, MS Bowden, WB Findlay, SEG Macneale, KH Stelzer,RS Lowe, WH AF Bernhardt, ES Likens, GE Hall, RO Buso, DC Fisher, SG Burton, TM Meyer, JL McDowell, WH Mayer, MS Bowden, WB Findlay, SEG Macneale, KH Stelzer,RS Lowe, WH TI Can't see the forest for the stream? - In-stream processing and terrestrial nitrogen exports SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecosystem change; HBEF; nitrate; nutrient retention; stream ecosystems ID NORTHERN HARDWOOD FORESTS; BROOK EXPERIMENTAL FOREST; HUBBARD BROOK; NUTRIENT RETENTION; NEW-HAMPSHIRE; ENERGY FLOW; ECOSYSTEM; DYNAMICS; PARTICULATE; WATERSHEDS AB There has been a long-term decline in nitrate (NO3-) concentration and export from several long-term monitoring watersheds in New England that cannot be explained by current terrestrial ecosystem models. A number of potential causes for this nitrogen (N) decline have been suggested, including changes in atmospheric chemistry, insect outbreaks, soil frost, and interannual climate fluctuations. In-stream removal of NO3- has not been included in current attempts to explain this regional decline in watershed NO3- export, yet streams may have high removal rates of NO3-. We make use of 40 years of data on watershed N export and stream N biogeochemistry from the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest (HBEF) to determine (a) whether there have been changes in HBEF stream N cycling over the last four decades and (b) whether these changes are of sufficient magnitude to help explain a substantial proportion of the unexplained regional decline in NO3- export. Examining how the tempos and modes of change are distinct for upland forest and stream ecosystems is a necessary step for improving predictions of watershed exports. C1 Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Inst Ecosyst Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Zool, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Clarkson Univ, Potsdam, NY 13699 USA. Univ Vermont, Sch Nat Resources, Burlington, VT 05405 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Oshkosh, WI 54901 USA. RP Bernhardt, ES (reprint author), Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC 27708 USA. EM emily.bernhardt@duke.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/B-4541-2010; Bowden, William/J-9219-2014; McDowell, William/E-9767-2010; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011 OI McDowell, William/0000-0002-8739-9047; Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X NR 55 TC 107 Z9 107 U1 3 U2 48 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAR PY 2005 VL 55 IS 3 BP 219 EP 230 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0219:ACSTFF]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 905NC UT WOS:000227574400007 ER PT J AU Polovina, JJ AF Polovina, JJ TI Climate variation, regime shifts, and implications for sustainable fisheries SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on the Scientific and Technical Bases for the Sustainability of Fisheries CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL Univ Miami, Miami, FL HO Univ Miami ID FISH POPULATIONS; PACIFIC SARDINE; VARIABILITY; STRATEGIES AB The term ecosystem regime shift refers to low frequency, high amplitude variation in marine ecosystems involving changes in community composition, species abundances, and trophic structure. Changes occur in the abundance of both exploited and unexploited populations. Temporally coherent changes often occur in other spatially separated ecosystems. Ecosystem regime shifts are thought to be a response to shifts in the ocean and atmosphere climate and hence are relatively coherent with climate changes. However, the mechanisms responsible for ecosystem regime shifts are not well established. Changes in energy flow from the base of the ecosystem is frequently thought to be responsible, but in some cases climate-induced changes in apex predators also result in top-down responses. For example, regime shifts appeared to have occurred in the North Pacific in 1977 and 1989. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Polovina, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Jeffrey.Polovina@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 53 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 24 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 EI 1553-6955 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 2 BP 233 EP 244 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 915XY UT WOS:000228346100005 ER PT J AU Ianelli, J AF Ianelli, J TI Assessment and fisheries management of eastern Bering Sea walleye pollock: Is sustainability luck? SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on the Scientific and Technical Bases for the Sustainability of Fisheries CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL Univ Miami, Miami, FL HO Univ Miami AB Alaska Pollock is the largest component of white-fish production worldwide representing about 45% of all white fish. The portion of Pollock caught within U.S. waters has been stable, averaging around 1.2 million t over the last two decades. The condition of the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) pollock stock in 2001 appears to be quite healthy with biomass levels estimated to be around 10 million It. These estimates have a relatively large degree of uncertainty, even though fishery monitoring and survey efforts for this stock are extensive. Part of this uncertainty can be attributed to variable stock dynamics, including spatial variability due to environmental conditions and demographic variability such as pre-recruit survival, natural mortality, and growth. At some point, improving observations on current stock conditions give diminishing returns on improving forecast abundance. Long-term projections illustrate that, given the level of observed recruitment variability, stock biomass levels can vary quite widely, even under little or no fishing. So, how has the pollock fishery become sustainable? In part, early decisions to closely regulate fishing (using truly effective quotas and hence effort rationalization) have led to a successful and so far, sustainable fishery. In addition, an overall cap on total groundfish removals (2 million mt) from the EBS ecosystem has limited individual stock quotas and hence led to a stabilized fishery well within the bounds of sound conservation principals. The combination of effective management regimes together with a rationally developed fishery appear to be ideal for sustaining the Alaskan Pollock resource and fisheries. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ianelli, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jim.Ianelli@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 2 BP 321 EP 335 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 915XY UT WOS:000228346100009 ER PT J AU Porch, CE AF Porch, CE TI The sustainability of western Atlantic bluefin tuna: A warm-blooded fish in a hot-blooded fishery SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on the Scientific and Technical Bases for the Sustainability of Fisheries CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL Univ Miami, Miami, FL HO Univ Miami ID THUNNUS-THYNNUS; GULF AB The Atlantic bluefin tuna, Thunnus thynnus (Linnaeus, 1758), is one of the most valuable animals in the world. Weighing as much as 700 kg and able to swim at over 90 km h(-1), it is regarded by many as the consummate game fish. It is also highly esteemed among connoisseurs of sashimi, particularly in Japan where one 200 kg specimen recently commanded almost US$174,000. Not surprisingly, the bluefin tuna population in the western Atlantic has declined to a fifth of its former biomass, yet the fisheries for it remain lucrative. Some see this as a recipe for disaster reminiscent of elephant ivory and rhinoceros horns -but others see only a resilient species temporarily stymied by poor environmental conditions. Still others say the bluefin caught in the western Atlantic are part of a much larger pan-Atlantic stock and that the real problem is unregulated fishing in the eastern Atlantic. This paper discusses these and other contentious issues that govern the "sustainability" of western Atlantic bluefin tuna in today's unquenchable markets. It also examines how new technologies are being used to unveil the mysteries that for decades have enshrouded bluefin management policies in controversy. C1 NOAA, Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Porch, CE (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM clay.porch@noaa.gov NR 63 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 13 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 2 BP 363 EP 384 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 915XY UT WOS:000228346100012 ER PT J AU Ault, JS Bohnsack, JA Smith, SG Luo, JG AF Ault, JS Bohnsack, JA Smith, SG Luo, JG TI Towards sustainable multispecies fisheries in the Florida, USA, coral reef ecosystem SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT World Conference on the Scientific and Technical Bases for the Sustainability of Fisheries CY NOV 26-30, 2001 CL Univ Miami, Miami, FL HO Univ Miami ID MARINE RESERVES; PRODUCTION-MODEL; PROTECTED AREAS; FISH STOCKS; MANAGEMENT; KEYS AB Southern Florida coral reefs generated an estimated 71,000 jobs and US$6 billion in economic activity in 2001. These ecosystem goods and services, however, are threatened by increased exploitation and environmental changes from a rapidly growing regional human population. To address these threats, we adopted an ecosystem-based perspective and developed a systems science analysis framework over the last decade to better assess and improve sustainable multispecies reef fisheries in the Florida Keys. Here we describe our progress and provide three example applications. We first built upon traditional catch and effort stock assessment methodologies by collecting spatially-explicit, fishery-independent data covering all reef fishes and reef habitats in the Keys. An optimized sampling strategy and a new length-based assessment framework provided synoptic spatial estimates of species abundance and size structures. Models were developed that encompassed the complex biological dynamics of fish stocks and a broad range of environmental and human impacts, including fisheries, non-target species, predator-prey interactions, species movements, ontogenetic changes in habitat associations, and physical processes. We show that the snapper-grouper fishery in the Florida Keys is experiencing overfishing and that stocks are overfished relative to established benchmarks for resource sustainability. Spatially explicit models demonstrated the potential effectiveness of no-take marine reserves to support sustainable fisheries, and were employed to objectively evaluate marine reserve boundary options in the Dry Tortugas. We show the importance of considering physical coupling and regional water quality changes resulting from Everglades restoration. A fishery systems science framework improves understanding of impacts from fishery extraction, ecosystem alterations, and natural oceanographic variability on the dynamics of exploited fish stocks. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Ault, JS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jault@rsmas.miami.edu RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008 OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007 NR 86 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 24 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 2 BP 595 EP 622 PG 28 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 915XY UT WOS:000228346100020 ER PT J AU McEnery, J Ingram, J Duan, QY Adams, T Anderson, L AF McEnery, J Ingram, J Duan, QY Adams, T Anderson, L TI NOAA's advanced hydrologic prediction service - Building pathways for better science in water forecasting SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID WEATHER AB State-of-the-art science is helping to improve operational forecasting of floods, drought conditions, and water resources, delivering more precise and accessible information to customers. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Water Resources Ctr, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Ohio River Forecast Ctr, Wilmington, OH USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP McEnery, J (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Water Resources Ctr, Box 41022, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM john.mcenery@coe.ttu.edu RI McEnery, Julie/D-6612-2012; Duan, Qingyun/C-7652-2011 OI Duan, Qingyun/0000-0001-9955-1512 NR 35 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 375 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-3-375 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 913CQ UT WOS:000228128600022 ER PT J AU Seidel, D Angell, J Robock, A Hicks, B Labitzke, K Lanzante, J Logan, J Mahlman, J Ramaswamy, V Randel, W Rasmusson, E Ross, R Singer, SF AF Seidel, D Angell, J Robock, A Hicks, B Labitzke, K Lanzante, J Logan, J Mahlman, J Ramaswamy, V Randel, W Rasmusson, E Ross, R Singer, SF TI Jim Angell's contributions to meteorology SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; LONG-TERM FLUCTUATIONS; TOTAL OZONE; SUNSPOT NUMBER; EL-NINO; STRATOSPHERE; OSCILLATION; CENTERS; CHICHON; VORTEX C1 Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NOAA, ARL, Silver Spring, MD USA. Free Univ Berlin, Berlin, Germany. NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. Harvard Univ, Sch Med, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Sci & Environm Policy Project, Arlington, VA USA. RP Robock, A (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM robock@envsci.rutgers.edu RI Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016; Randel, William/K-3267-2016; OI Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162; Robock, Alan/0000-0002-6319-5656 NR 25 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 403 EP 410 DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-3-403 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 913CQ UT WOS:000228128600024 ER PT J AU Durre, M Reale, T Carlson, D Christy, J Uddstrom, M Gelman, M Thorne, P AF Durre, M Reale, T Carlson, D Christy, J Uddstrom, M Gelman, M Thorne, P TI Improving the usefulness of operational radiosonde data SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Alabama, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. New Zealand Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Newmarket, Suffolk, England. NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Durre, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM imke.durre@noaa.gov RI Reale, Tony/F-5621-2010; Thorne, Peter/F-2225-2014 OI Reale, Tony/0000-0003-2150-5246; Thorne, Peter/0000-0003-0485-9798 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 411 EP 416 DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-3-41 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 913CQ UT WOS:000228128600025 ER PT J AU Smith, SE AF Smith, SE TI Leopard shark mating observed off La Jolla, California SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID TRIAKIS-SEMIFASCIATA; BAY C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Smith, SE (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM susan.smith@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD SPR PY 2005 VL 91 IS 2 BP 128 EP 135 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 925XE UT WOS:000229086000005 ER PT J AU Brodziak, J Legault, CM AF Brodziak, J Legault, CM TI Model averaging to estimate rebuilding targets for overfished stocks SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; LIFE-HISTORY; RECRUITMENT; ECOLOGY; POPULATIONS; PERSPECTIVE; INFORMATION; GROUNDFISH; CURVES AB Reducing overfishing and recovering overfished fish stocks is a challenging and important global problem. Rebuilding targets are essential ingredients for guiding overfished stocks to recovery. Having robust estimates of rebuilding targets is likely a necessary condition for effective long-term management of fishery resources. In this paper, we show how Bayesian model averaging can be applied to estimate rebuilding targets under alternative hypotheses about stock-recruitment dynamics. Using alternative hypotheses about stock-recruitment dynamics and environmental variation is important because using only a single hypothesis can lead to substantially different reference points and policy implications. The alternative hypotheses are augmented with prior information collected from meta-analyses of stock-recruitment data to construct a set of age-structured production models. We illustrate our approach using three overfished New England groundfish stocks. We fit alternative model likelihoods to observed data using Bayesian inference techniques. The Schwarz goodness-of-fit criterion was used to calculate model probabilities. Bayesian model averaging was used to estimate rebuilding targets that were robust to model selection uncertainty. Model-averaged estimates suggested that rebuilding targets for overfished stocks can be reasonably well determined if adequate prior information on stock productivity is available. Nonetheless, results had wide confidence intervals that reflected the underlying uncertainty in rebuilding targets. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Brodziak, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jon.brodziak@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 544 EP 562 DI 10.1139/F04-199 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 920CB UT WOS:000228664500006 ER PT J AU Dahl, K Broccoli, A Stouffer, R AF Dahl, K Broccoli, A Stouffer, R TI Assessing the role of North Atlantic freshwater forcing in millennial scale climate variability: a tropical Atlantic perspective SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Review ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; SURFACE TEMPERATURE-VARIATIONS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; YOUNGER DRYAS EVENT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; DEEP-WATER; NORTHEASTERN BRAZIL; HEINRICH EVENTS; LAST DEGLACIATION; AGCM SIMULATION AB This study analyzes a three-member ensemble of experiments, in which 0.1 Sv of freshwater was applied to the North Atlantic for 100 years in order to address the potential for large freshwater inputs in the North Atlantic to drive abrupt climate change. The model used is the GFDL R30 coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation model. We focus in particular on the effects of this forcing on the tropical Atlantic region, which has been studied extensively by paleoclimatologists. In response to the freshwater forcing, North Atlantic meridional overturning circulation is reduced to roughly 40% by the end of the 100 year freshwater pulse. Consequently, the North Atlantic region cools by up to 8 degrees C. The extreme cooling of the North Atlantic increases the pole-to-equator temperature gradient and requires more heat be provided to the high latitude Atlantic from the tropical Atlantic. To accommodate the increased heat requirement, the ITCZ shifts southward to allow for greater heat transport across the equator. Accompanying this southward ITCZ shift, the Northeast trade winds strengthen and precipitation patterns throughout the tropical Atlantic are altered. Specifically, precipitation in Northeast Brazil increases, and precipitation in Africa decreases slightly. In addition, we find that surface air temperatures warm over the tropical Atlantic and over Africa, but cool over northern South America. Sea-surface temperatures in the tropical Atlantic warm slightly with larger warm anomalies developing in the thermocline. These responses are robust for each member of the ensemble, and have now been identified by a number of freshwater forcing studies using coupled OAGCMs. The model responses to freshwater forcing are generally smaller in magnitude, but have the same direction, as paleoclimate data from the Younger Dryas suggest. In certain cases, however, the model responses and the paleoclimate data directly contradict one another. Discrepancies between the model simulations and the paleoclimate data could be due to a number of factors, including inaccuracies in the freshwater forcing, inappropriate boundary conditions, and uncertainties in the interpretation of the paleoclimate data. Despite these discrepancies, it is clear from our results that abrupt climate changes in the high latitude North Atlantic have the potential to significantly impact tropical climate. This warrants further model experimentation into the role of freshwater forcing in driving climate change. C1 MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst Joint Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Dahl, K (reprint author), MIT, Woods Hole Oceanog Inst Joint Program, WHOI MS 22, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM kdahl@whoi.edu RI Broccoli, Anthony/D-9186-2014 OI Broccoli, Anthony/0000-0003-2619-1434 NR 110 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 4 BP 325 EP 346 DI 10.1007/s00382-004-0499-5 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910QC UT WOS:000227945800001 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, R Garzoli, SL AF Lumpkin, R Garzoli, SL TI Near-surface circulation in the tropical Atlantic Ocean SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH EQUATORIAL COUNTERCURRENT; BRAZIL CURRENT RETROFLECTION; SHIP DRIFTS; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; ANNUAL CYCLE; UPPER LAYER; CURRENTS; PACIFIC; WIND; TEMPERATURE AB A recent data set of surface drifter observations in the tropical Atlantic Ocean is analyzed with a methodology that groups the observations into bins and, within each bin, simultaneously decomposed them into a time-mean, annual and semiannual harmonics, and an eddy residual with non-zero integral time scale. Features of the time-mean circulation and its seasonal variations are resolved at unprecedented scales, for both total and Ekman-removed velocities. The drifter observations reveal the branches of the South Equatorial Current (SEC) which merge with the North Brazil Current (NBC), correlated annual fluctuations in the strengths of the NBC retroflection, western North Equatorial Countercurrent (NECC) and SEC, and flow along the Guyana Coast, and strong semiannual variations in the equatorial band of the central basin. Conduits are traced which link seasonal variations of the equatorial current system's strength with the northern and southern hemisphere subtropical gyres. These findings update key results of the two decade old SEQUAL/FOCAL programs, and allow generation of a new monthly climatology of near-surface currents in the tropical Atlantic Ocean. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lumpkin, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009 OI Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704 NR 52 TC 98 Z9 100 U1 1 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 52 IS 3 BP 495 EP 518 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.09.001 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 911LK UT WOS:000228003800006 ER PT J AU Hussain, LA Dickens, SH Bowen, RL AF Hussain, LA Dickens, SH Bowen, RL TI Properties of eight methacrylated beta-cyclodextrin composite formulations SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE cyclodextrin methacrylates; dental composites; flexural strength; polymerization shrinkage; near-infrared; degree of conversion ID DENTAL RESINS; POLYMERIZATION AB Objectives: Methacrylated beta-cyclodextrins (MCDs) are novel candidate dental monomers if all or some of the hydroxyl groups of beta-cyclodextrin are substituted with methacrylate groups. The main objective of this study was to evaluate mechanical properties of a number of composite formulations having MCDs as novel dental comonomers. The properties determined were flexural strength (FS), volumetric shrinkage (VS), and degree of conversion (DC). Methods: A mass fraction of 50% of MCD monomers was mixed with a mass fraction of 50% each of a series of dimethacrylate or monomethacrylate diluent comonomers to produce consistent formulations of a workable viscosity. For comparison a resin mixture of a mass fraction of 50% Bis-GMA and a mass fraction of 50% triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate (a typical dental resin mixture) was also studied. The mixtures were activated with camphorquinone and ethyl. 4-dimethylamino benzoate. One part by mass of each activated resin formulation was mixed with three parts by mass of glass fitter. Samples for the FS tests were prepared in (2 x 2 x 25) mm(3) molds by light-curing the composites for 2 min on each side. The cured samples were immersed in 37 degreesC water for 24 h, and FS was measured with an Instron machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. VS was measured by a computer-controlled mercury dilatometer. DC was measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Results: The properties of the MCD-based composites depended on the kind of diluent used. With these MCD monomers, diluents of triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decamethylenediol dimethacrylate, or benzyl methacrylate yielded the best composite properties. Significance: Although not yet fully optimized, MCD-based composite formulations containing triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate, 1,10-decamethylenediol dimethacrylate, or benzyl methacrylate yielded flexural strength and volumetric shrinkage values were comparable to those of the Bis-GMA/triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate controls. These findings tend support for further development and evaluations of polymerizable cyclodextrin derivatives for use in dental materials. (C) 2004 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hussain, LA (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM latiff.hussain@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01-DE05129] NR 19 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 21 IS 3 BP 210 EP 216 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2004.03.007 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 902AZ UT WOS:000227324900004 PM 15705427 ER PT J AU Berejikian, B Tezak, EP AF Berejikian, B Tezak, EP TI Male size effects on fertilization success: lack of evidence in chinook salmon spawning under experimental conditions SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Salmonidae; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; reproduction; mate selection ID ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; REPRODUCTIVE-BEHAVIOR; PACIFIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; PINK SALMON; BODY-SIZE; MATE; COMPETITION AB Anadromous salmonid females exhibit indicators of mate choice based on male size. Direct benefits to females of mating with larger males have not been identified for semelparous Pacific salmon, Oncorhynchus spp. We tested the null hypothesis that females forced to spawn naturally in a stream channel and artificially (gametes removed manually) with males about half their body mass would experience egg fertilization rates similar to that of females forced to spawn with males of about equal mass. Fertilization rates did not differ significantly between large- and small-male pairs. The fertilization rates were also very similar for eggs deposited naturally and those that we fertilized artificially. Therefore, fertilization success does not appear to be the mechanism responsible for female mate choice based on male size. Benefits of females mating with larger males probably have only indirect (i.e., genetic) benefits to a female's offspring, as suggested by previous authors. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 9835 USA. RP Berejikian, B (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 9835 USA. EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 72 IS 3 BP 235 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s10641-004-1481-0 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 914DE UT WOS:000228204400002 ER PT J AU Cacela, D Lipton, J Beltman, D Hansen, J Wolotira, R AF Cacela, D Lipton, J Beltman, D Hansen, J Wolotira, R TI Associating ecosystem service losses with indicators of toxicity in habitat equivalency analysis SO ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE habitat equivalency analysis; ecological services; toxicity; restoration ID BIOLOGICAL ORGANIZATION; PUGET-SOUND; FISH; WASHINGTON; DISEASES AB Habitat equivalency analysis (HEA) was developed as a tool to scale mitigation or restoration when habitat is contaminated by hazardous substances or has been otherwise harmed by anthropogenic activities. Applying HEA involves balancing reductions in habitat quality against gains from restoration actions, and quantifying changes in habitat quality in terms of ecological services. We propose a framework for developing ecological service definitions and measures that incorporate knowledge about the impacts of chemical contaminants on biota. We describe a general model for integrating multiple lines of evidence about the toxicity of hazardous substances to allow mapping of toxicological inputs to ecological service losses. We provide an example of how this framework might be used in a HEA that quantifies ecological services provided by estuarine sediments contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. C1 Stratus Consulting Inc, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Upper Columbian Off, Spokane, WA 99206 USA. NOAA, NOS Off Response & Restorat, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Cacela, D (reprint author), Stratus Consulting Inc, 1881 9th St,Suite 201, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM dcacela@stratusconsulting.com NR 26 TC 8 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0364-152X J9 ENVIRON MANAGE JI Environ. Manage. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 BP 343 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s00267-004-4117-4 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 928RG UT WOS:000229288800010 PM 15925976 ER PT J AU Debier, C Ylitalo, GM Weise, M Gulland, F Costa, DP Le Boeuf, BJ de Tillesse, T Larondelle, Y AF Debier, C Ylitalo, GM Weise, M Gulland, F Costa, DP Le Boeuf, BJ de Tillesse, T Larondelle, Y TI PCBs and DDT in the serum of juvenile California sea lions: associations with vitamins A and E and thyroid hormones SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE California sea lion; PCBs; DDT; vitamin; thyroid hormone ID CHLORINATED-HYDROCARBON LEVELS; PHOCA-VITULINA PUPS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HALICHOERUS-GRYPUS; GREY SEALS; HARBOR SEALS; GRAY SEAL; ORGANOCHLORINE RESIDUES; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; ALPHA-TOCOPHEROL AB Top-trophic predators like California sea lions bioaccumulate high levels of persistent fat-soluble pollutants that may provoke physioiogical impairments such as endocrine or vitamins A and E disruption. We measured circulating levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) in 12 healthy juvenile California sea lions captured on Ano Nuevo Island, California, in 2002. We investigated the relationship between the contamination by PCBs and DDT and the circulating levels of vitamins A and E and thyroid hormones (thyroxine, T4 and triiodothyronine, T3). Serum concentrations of total PCBs (SigmaPCBS) and total DDT were 14 +/- 9 mg/kg and 28 +/- 19 mg/kg lipid weight, respectively. PCB toxic equivalents (SigmaPCB TEQs) were 320 +/- 170 ng/kg lipid weight. Concentrations of SigmaPCBs and SigmaPCB TEQs in serum lipids were negatively correlated (p < 0.05) with serum vitamin A and T3, potentially reflecting PCB-related toxicity. A slight but not significant negative correlation (p < 0.1) was observed between serum T4 and the levels of SigmaPCBs and SigmaPCB TEQs. Conversely, no relationship was evident between the contaminant concentrations and vitamin E (p > 0.1). As juvenile California sea lions are useful sentinels of coastal contamination, the high levels encountered in their serum is cause for concern about the ecosystem health of the area. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Catholique Louvain, Unite Biochim Nutr, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. NOAA, Fisheries Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Res Off, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Faune & Biotopes, B-1300 Wavre, Belgium. RP Debier, C (reprint author), Univ Catholique Louvain, Unite Biochim Nutr, Croix Sud 2-8, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. EM debier@bnut.ucl.ac.be RI Debier, Cathy/D-5081-2011 NR 81 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 134 IS 2 BP 323 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.07.012 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 889MU UT WOS:000226447900016 PM 15589659 ER PT J AU Roark, SA Nacci, D Coiro, L Champlin, D Guttman, SI AF Roark, SA Nacci, D Coiro, L Champlin, D Guttman, SI TI Population genetic structure of a nonmigratory estuarine fish (Fundulus heteroclitus) across a strong gradient of polychlorinated biphenyl contamination SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fundulus sp.; allozymes; genetic diversity; adaptation; polychlorinated biphenyls ID ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; NONIMPACTED SUBPOPULATIONS; BIOCHEMICAL GENETICS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; EXPOSURE HISTORIES; SPATIAL VARIATION; BEDFORD HARBOR; EXPRESSION; SEDIMENTS; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN AB Populations of the estuarine fish Fundulus heteroclitus indigenous to contaminated sites exhibit heritable resistance to some of the toxic effects of early life-stage exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). This evolved tolerance provides evidence of strong selection by PCBs, and it suggests other potential genetic effects of these stressors on resident populations. Environmental contaminants have the potential to affect the genetic structure of populations and to reduce genetic diversity, but species life-history traits, particularly patterns of migration and dispersal, also influence the distribution of genetic variation among populations. Therefore, the present was conducted to determine whether genetic diversity or genetic structure is altered in populations of F. heteroclitus indigenous to 18 sites in Massachusetts (USA) and Rhode Island (USA), representing a steep gradient of sediment PCB contamination and culminating in a Superfund site at New Bedford Harbor (NBH; MA, USA). Allele frequencies at enzymatic loci were used to assess genetic structure and diversity. Selection experiments using a highly toxic PCB congener (3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl) were conducted to determine if genetic patterns at field sites could be associated with contaminant exposures. Although allele frequencies clearly reflected a pattern of isolation by distance, the results indicated neither significant loss of genetic diversity nor alteration of allele frequencies for populations of F. heteroclitus in NBH. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Roark, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Conservat Biol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM shaun.roark@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 13 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 717 EP 725 DI 10.1897/03-687.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 899BW UT WOS:000227120900029 PM 15779774 ER PT J AU Roark, SA Kelble, MA Nacci, D Champlin, D Coiro, L Guttman, SI AF Roark, SA Kelble, MA Nacci, D Champlin, D Coiro, L Guttman, SI TI Population genetic structure and tolerance to dioxin-like compounds of a migratory marine fish (Menidia menidia) at polychlorinated biphenyl-contaminated and reference sites SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Fundulus sp.; Menidia sp.; genetic diversity; adaptation; polychlorinated biphenyls ID FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; MERCURY POLLUTION; B GENOTYPES; TOXICITY; ADAPTATION; 2,3,7,8-TETRACHLORODIBENZO-P-DIOXIN; RESISTANCE; ALLOZYMES; EXPOSURE; SURVIVAL AB The present study was conducted to evaluate evidence of genetic adaptation to local contaminants in populations of the migratory marine fish Menidia menidia residing seasonally in reference sites or an industrial harbor contaminated with dioxin-like compounds (DLCs). For this purpose, we compared DLC sensitivity and genetic patterns of populations sampled from sites both inside and outside New Bedford Harbor (NBH; MA, USA), a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site with extreme polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) contamination. Offspring of M. menidia collected from NBH were significantly less sensitive regarding embryonic exposure to the dioxin-like PCB congener 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (PCB 126) than offspring of M. menidia from a reference site. Analysis of 10 polymorphic enzymatic loci indicated little genetic differentiation among populations in the study area. However, genotype frequencies of juveniles from both NBH and an adjacent site in Massachusetts exhibited significant deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium expectations at one locus, phosphoglucomutase (PGM*). Genetic analysis of survivors of embryonic laboratory exposure to PCB 126 indicated that genotypes at PGM* were related to survivorship. Although a relationship was identified between DLC tolerance and PGM* genotype, regional mixing of M. menidia populations during migration and absence of multigeneration exposure at contaminated sites may limit localized adaptation. C1 Miami Univ, Dept Zool, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Res Lab, Atlantic Ecol Div, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Roark, SA (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Athmospher Adm Fisheries, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM shaun.roark@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 3 BP 726 EP 732 DI 10.1897/03-688.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 899BW UT WOS:000227120900030 PM 15779775 ER PT J AU Lautenberger, CW de Ris, JL Dembsey, NA Barnett, JR Baum, HR AF Lautenberger, CW de Ris, JL Dembsey, NA Barnett, JR Baum, HR TI A simplified model for soot formation and oxidation in CFD simulation of non-premixed hydrocarbon flames SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE soot; soot formation; soot oxidation; smoke point; non-premixed combustion; diffusion flames; computational fluid dynamics; fire dynamics simulator; flame radiation ID COUNTERFLOW DIFFUSION FLAMES; SMOKE-POINT; TEMPERATURE; ETHYLENE; ACETYLENE; RADIATION; PARTICLES; EVOLUTION AB A new approach to modeling soot formation and oxidation in non-premixed hydrocarbon flames has been developed and subjected to an initial calibration. The model considers only the phenomena essential for obtaining sufficiently accurate predictions of soot concentrations to make CFD calculations of fire radiation feasible in an engineering context. It is generalized to multiple fuels by relating the peak soot formation rate to a fuel's laminar smoke point height, an empirical measure of relative sooting propensity, and applying simple scaling relationships to account for differences in fuel stoichiometry. Soot oxidation is modeled as a surface area independent process because it is controlled by the diffusion of molecular oxygen into the zone of active soot oxidation rather than being limited by reaction of OH - radicals with the available soot surface area. The soot model is embedded within a modified version of NIST's Fire Dynamics Simulator and used for a comparison of predicted and measured temperatures, soot volume fractions, and velocities in laminar ethylene, propylene, and propane flames. The basic approach, though promising, is not yet mature and several suggestions for future work are presented. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Worcester Polytech Inst, Ctr Firesafety Studies, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. FM Global Res, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lautenberger, CW (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mech Engn, 60A Hesse Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM clauten@me.berkeley.edu NR 52 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 6 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 40 IS 2 BP 141 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2004.10.002 PG 36 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 900GB UT WOS:000227202300004 ER PT J AU Gilman, E Brothers, N Kobayashi, DR AF Gilman, E Brothers, N Kobayashi, DR TI Principles and approaches to abate seabird by-catch in longline fisheries SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE albatross; by-catch; longline fisheries; seabird ID POPULATION-DYNAMICS; WANDERING ALBATROSS; DIOMEDEA-EXULANS; MORTALITY; TUNA; BYCATCH; OCEAN; MANAGEMENT AB Mortality in longline fisheries is a critical global threat to most albatross and large petrel species. Here we identify key principles and approaches to identify and achieve broad use of effective seabird by-catch avoidance methods. Despite the availability of highly effective and cost-saving seabird avoidance methods, few longline fleets employ them. Given the political context and capacity of management authorities of the majority of longline fisheries, it is critical to identify seabird avoidance strategies that are not only highly effective, but are also economically viable and commercially practical. Adoption of an international performance standard for longline baited hook-sink rate, and prescribing minimum gear weighting designs that meet this standard that are achievable by all longline fisheries, would be an important step forward towards resolving low use of seabird avoidance methods by vessels, including those in illegal, unregulated and unreported fisheries. Due to differences between fleets, no single seabird avoidance measure is likely to be effective and practical in all longline fisheries. Therefore, testing of seabird avoidance methods in individual fleets is needed to determine efficacy and economic viability. Longline fishers should directly participate in these trials as they have a large repository of knowledge and skills to effectively develop and improve seabird by-catch avoidance techniques, and this provides industry with a sense of ownership for uptake of effective by-catch reduction methods. Establishing protected areas containing seabird colonies and adjacent waters within a nation's EEZ can be an expedient method to address seabird by-catch. However, establishing high seas marine protected areas to restrict longline fishing in seabird foraging areas, which would require extensive and dynamic boundaries and large buffer zones, may not be a viable short-term solution because of the extensive time anticipated to resolve legal complications with international treaties, to achieve international consensus and political will, and to acquire requisite extensive resources for surveillance and enforcement. Analysis of results of research on seabird avoidance methods reveals that the most reliable comparisons of the efficacy of alternative strategies are from comparing the effectiveness of methods tested in a single experiment. Benefits from standardizing the reporting of seabird by-catch rates to account for seabird abundance arc described. To provide the most precise inputs for seabird population models, estimates of seabird mortality in longline fisheries should account for seabird falloff from hooks before hauling, delayed mortality of seabirds caught but freed from gear, and mortality caused by hooks discarded in offal. C1 Blue Ocean Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Gilman, E (reprint author), 2718 Napuaa Pl, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM egilman@blueocean.org NR 63 TC 65 Z9 72 U1 3 U2 15 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-2960 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 35 EP 49 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2679.2005.00175.x PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 927LI UT WOS:000229195000002 ER PT J AU Smith, TD Link, JS AF Smith, TD Link, JS TI Autopsy your dead ... and living: a proposal for fisheries science, fisheries management and fisheries SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE autopsy; fish; fisheries management; fisheries science; whales ID FISH; COLLAPSE; ECOSYSTEMS; RECOVERY; EXPERIENCE; PACIFIC; STOCKS; OCEAN; COD AB Concerns abound about the state of the world's fisheries, and by association fisheries science and fisheries management. An important question is the cause of the problems with fisheries, which are managed based on advice given by practioners of the discipline of fisheries science. These scientists provide advice in two distinct forms, one 'policy supporting' and the other 'policy forming'. Policy supporting advice is given within an existing management setting and is typically provided only after rigorous and standardized evaluation. In contrast, there is no formal basis for evaluating policy-forming advice. Criteria for evaluating the adequacy of policy forming advice are difficult to define, and the absence of such criteria poses difficulties for both fisheries scientists and managers. Following a medical practice analogy, we propose rigorously conducting 'autopsies' of fisheries as an approach for evaluating policy-forming advice. A systematic approach to conducting such autopsies is suggested, with the recognition that this may be crucial for the further development of fisheries science as a scientific discipline rather than as an art form. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Smith, TD (reprint author), 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM tim.smith@noaa.gov NR 81 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-2960 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 6 IS 1 BP 73 EP 87 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2679.2005.00176.x PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 927LI UT WOS:000229195000004 ER PT J AU Bond, NA Overland, JE AF Bond, NA Overland, JE TI The importance of episodic weather events to the ecosystem of the Bering Sea shelf SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE air-sea interactions; Bering Sea; ecosystem; weather events ID PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; ANOMALOUS CONDITIONS; GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; DECADAL VARIABILITY; UNIMAK PASS; CLIMATE; ALASKA; REANALYSIS; PACIFIC; DISTRIBUTIONS AB Climate variability on decadal time scales is generally recognized to influence high-latitude marine populations. Our recent work in studying air-sea interactions in the Bering Sea suggests that interannual to decadal climate variability is important through its modulation of the frequencies and magnitudes of weather events on intraseasonal time scales. We hypothesize that it is these weather events that directly impact the marine ecosystem of the Bering Sea shelf. The linkages between the event-scale weather and the ecosystem are illustrated with three examples: walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), Tanner crabs (Chionoecetes bairdi), and coccolithophorid phytoplankton (Emiliania huxleyi). We hypothesize that the strong recruitment of walleye pollock that occurred in 1978, 1982, and 1996 can be attributed in part due to the seasonably strong storms that occurred in the early summer of those years. These storms caused greater than normal mixing of nutrients into the euphotic zone which presumably led to sustained primary productivity after the spring bloom and, possibly, enhanced prey concentrations for pollock larvae and their competitors. Recruitment of Tanner crab was particularly strong for the 1981 and 1984 year-classes. These years had periods of prominent east wind anomalies along the Alaska Peninsula during the previous winter. Such winds promote flow through Unimak Pass, and hence an enhanced flux of nutrient-rich water onto the shelf. This mechanism may have ultimately resulted in favorable feeding conditions for Tanner crab larvae. Finally, an unprecedented coccolithophorid bloom occurred over the Bering Sea shelf in the summer of 1997. This summer featured lighter winds and greater insolation than usual after a spring that included a very strong May storm. This combination brought about a warm, nutrient-poor upper mixed layer by mid-summer. This provided a competitive advantage for coccolithophorid phytoplankton in 1997 and to a lesser extent in 1998. Unusually high concentrations of coccolithophores persisted for the following two years although physical environmental conditions did not remain favorable. While slow variations in the overall aspects of the physical environment may be important for setting the stage, we propose that the significant multi-year adjustments in the marine ecosystem of the Bering Sea shelf are more directly caused by major air-sea interaction events on intraseasonal time scales. C1 Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bond, NA (reprint author), Univ Washington, JISAO, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM nicholas.bond@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 97 EP 111 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2004.00321.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 904EW UT WOS:000227479900002 ER PT J AU Krutzikowsky, GK Emmett, RL AF Krutzikowsky, GK Emmett, RL TI Diel differences in surface trawl fish catches off Oregon and Washington SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE juvenile salmon; pelagic fishes; surface trawl; diel catches ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; RAINBOW SMELT; JUVENILE CHINOOK; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS; MIGRATION; CATCHABILITY; ABUNDANCE; MIDWATER AB Surface rope trawls have recently been used to investigate pelagic fish communities off the west coast of North America. We examined surface rope trawl catches from locations off the Washington and Oregon coast to determine whether they differed day and night. We paired day and night samples from the same location taken within 7 days of each other. Fifty-one sample pairs fit our criteria with 33 of these controlled for tidal state. Samples were taken at 11 different stations during the months of May, June, and September from 1998 to 2002. We used the sign test to compare median densities for nine of the most abundant and commonly occurring fish species: two juvenile salmonids - coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and yearling Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha); four small pelagics - northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax), Pacific herring (Clupea pallasi), Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax), and whitebait smelt (Allosmerus elongatus); and three larger predatory fishes - Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus), and jack mackerel (Trachurus symmetricus). Both species of salmon were caught at higher densities during the day. The small pelagic and predatory species were caught in higher densities at night. The differences were significant for both salmonids, Pacific hake, chub mackerel, and all small pelagic species. No consistent pattern of correlation existed between the catch differences and differences in temperature or salinity between day and night samples. We believe diel patterns of fish vertical distribution and behavior coupled with the actual depths the net samples are primarily responsible for catch differences. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97375 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Krutzikowsky, GK (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97375 USA. EM greg.krutz@hmsc.orst.edu NR 38 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 5 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 365 EP 371 DI 10.1016/j.fisheries.2004.08.037 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 896GY UT WOS:000226923800009 ER PT J AU Sandifer, PA AF Sandifer, PA TI A better future for fisheries SO FRONTIERS IN ECOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Coastal Ocean Sci, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1540-9295 J9 FRONT ECOL ENVIRON JI Front. Ecol. Environ. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 3 IS 2 BP 67 EP 67 DI 10.2307/3868497 PG 1 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 905XQ UT WOS:000227605100001 ER PT J AU Vintzileos, A Rienecker, MM Suarez, MJ Schubert, SD Miller, SK AF Vintzileos, A Rienecker, MM Suarez, MJ Schubert, SD Miller, SK TI Local versus remote wind forcing of the equatorial Pacific surface temperature in July 2003 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1997-98 EL-NINO; JULIAN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; MODEL; OCEAN; TERMINATION; EVOLUTION; MADDEN; ENSO AB [1] After the moderate El Nino of 2002 the tropical Pacific seemed poised to enter a La Nino phase. Wind anomalies during May and June 2003, however, led to a sudden termination of this event. Counter to earlier predictions, forecasts from July 2003 correctly predicted normal conditions for the remainder of the year. In this paper the causes of this abrupt turn of events are analyzed. It is shown that wind anomalies in the eastern tropical Pacific played a major role in terminating the incipient cold ENSO phase. Although westerly wind bursts in the western Pacific explained most of the ocean subsurface behavior to the west of 110 degrees W, their impact on SST was confined to the central equatorial Pacific. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, NCEP, EMC, UCAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Vintzileos, A (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM augustin.vintzileos@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 5 AR L05702 DI 10.1029/2004GL02197 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 905DL UT WOS:000227547800005 ER PT J AU Tango, PJ Magnien, R Butler, W Luckett, C Luckenbach, M Lacouture, R Poukish, C AF Tango, PJ Magnien, R Butler, W Luckett, C Luckenbach, M Lacouture, R Poukish, C TI Impacts and potential effects due to Prorocentrum minimum blooms in Chesapeake Bay SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ecology and Physiology of Prorocentrum Minimum CY 2003 CL MD SP Maryland Dept Nat Resouce DE Chesapeake bay; dinoflagellate; fish kills; harmful algae; mahogany tide; Prorocentrum minimum ID RED-TIDE-DINOFLAGELLATE; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; EASTERN OYSTERS; CULTURED STRAIN; HEMOCYTES; ORGANISM AB The dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum (P minimum) can be found in all seasons and over a broad range of habitat conditions in the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. Blooms (>3000 cells ml(-1)), locally referred to as 'mahagony tides', were restricted to salinities of 4.5-12.8 psu, water temperatures of 12-28 degreesC, and occurred most frequently in April and May. P. minimum blooms have been detected at routine water quality monitoring stations located in the main channel of the Bay and tidal tributaries. Nearshore investigations of bloom events, however, have accounted for the majority of events recorded in excess of 105 cells ml(-1). Mahogany tides were associated with widespread harmful impacts including anoxic/hypoxic events, finfish kills, aquaculture shellfish kills and submerged aquatic vegetation losses. We summarize the state of knowledge regarding physical and chemical factors related to P. minimum blooms, their abundance, distribution and frequency, and ecological effects in Chesapeake Bay. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21091 USA. Maryland Dept Environm, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Eastern Shore Lab, Wachapreague, VA 23480 USA. Morgan State Univ, Estuarine Res Ctr, St Leonard, MD 20685 USA. Maryland Dept Environm, Baltimore, MD 21230 USA. RP Tango, PJ (reprint author), Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Tawes State Off Bldg,580 Taylor Ave D-2, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. EM ptango@dnr.state.md.us NR 25 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD MAR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 525 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2004.08.014 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 902WQ UT WOS:000227387800008 ER PT J AU Gallegos, CL Bergstrom, PW AF Gallegos, CL Bergstrom, PW TI Effects of a Prorocentrum minimum bloom on light availability for and potential impacts on submersed aquatic vegetation in upper Chesapeake Bay SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ecology and Physiology of Prorocentrum Minimum CY 2003 CL MD SP Maryland Dept Nat Resouce DE Chesapeake Bay; dinollagellate bloom; light attenuation; Prorocentrum minimum; submersed aquatic vegetation ID EELGRASS ZOSTERA-MARINA; ABSORPTION-COEFFICIENTS; NATURAL PHYTOPLANKTON; SPECTRAL ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; WATERS; DINOFLAGELLATE; VARIABILITY; SCATTERING; PARTICLES AB Extraordinary spring blooms of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum have been a recurring feature of upper Chesapeake Bay for many years. Though not thought to be toxic in Chesapeake Bay, these blooms produce extraordinarily high concentrations of chlorophyll, thereby increasing light attenuation. A particularly large event occurred in the spring of 2000. Here, we assess the impact of the spring 2000 P. minimum bloom on habitat quality for submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) in the mesohaline region of Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries. We determined the light absorption and scattering spectrum of P minimum on a per cell basis by analyzing inherent optical properties of natural samples from the Rhode River, Maryland, which were overwhelmingly dominated by P. minimum. Using these per cell properties, we constructed a model of light penetration incorporating observed cell counts of P. minimum to predict the impact of the bloom on other tributaries and main stem locations that experienced the bloom. Model estimates of diffuse attenuation coefficients agreed well with the limited measurements that were available. Impacts of the mahogany tide on diffuse attenuation coefficient ranged from negligible (10-30% increase above the seasonal median in the Patapsco and Magothy rivers), to a greater than six-fold increase (Potomac River). Attenuation coefficients in tributaries to the north and south of the bloom region either decreased or were unchanged relative to seasonal medians. Segments with SAV losses in 2000 were mostly the same as those that experienced the P minimum bloom. Segments north and south of the bloom area mostly had SAV increases in 2000. Though all of the segments that experienced a decline in SAV area after the spring 2000 bloom showed an increase in 2002, the 2000 setback interrupted what otherwise has been a slow recovery in mid-Bay SAV, demonstrating the adverse impact of P. minimum blooms on SAV populations in Chesapeake Bay. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Gallegos, CL (reprint author), Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, POB 28, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. EM gallegosc@si.edu OI Gallegos, Charles/0000-0001-5112-0166 NR 43 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD MAR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 553 EP 574 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2004.08.016 PG 22 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 902WQ UT WOS:000227387800010 ER PT J AU Wikfors, GH AF Wikfors, GH TI A review and new analysis of trophic interactions between Prorocentrum minimum and clams, scallops, and oysters SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ecology and Physiology of Prorocentrum Minimum CY 2003 CL MD SP Maryland Dept Nat Resouce DE bivalve mollusk; dinoflagellate; HAB; harmful algae ID CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; CULTURED STRAIN; EASTERN OYSTER; DINOPHYCEAE; SEA; BAY AB There has been no consensus on A whether Prorocentrum minimum is "toxic," despite sporadic reports suggesting possible shellfish toxicity and laboratory studies showing harmful effects of this dinoflagellate on molluscan shellfish. Shellfish toxicity outbreaks associated with natural blooms of P. minimum have been confounded by co-occurrence of other toxic phytoplankton. Laboratory studies have demonstrated unequivocally that some P minimum isolates can produce toxins that kill mice on injection, but the bioactive compound or compounds remain unidentified, and accumulation of toxin in grazing mollusks has not been demonstrated. Laboratory experiments testing the responses of grazing mollusks to P minimum cultures have yielded variable results, ranging from mortality in scallops and oysters to normal growth of oysters. Effects observed in the laboratory include rejection as pseudofeces by clams, poor larval development in oysters, tissue pathologies (sometimes transient) in oysters and scallops, and systemic immune responses in oysters and scallops. Several recent studies have provided evidence that variation in toxicity of P. minimum is dependent on environmental conditions and their effects on the physiology of this dinoflagellate. Accordingly, seemingly conflicting observations from field and laboratory studies may be explained by transient toxin expression in P. minimum. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Wikfors, GH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM Gary.Wikfors@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD MAR PY 2005 VL 4 IS 3 BP 585 EP 592 DI 10.1016/jhal.2004.08.008 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 902WQ UT WOS:000227387800012 ER PT J AU Snelick, R Uludag, U Mink, A Indovina, M Jain, A AF Snelick, R Uludag, U Mink, A Indovina, M Jain, A TI Large-scale evaluation of multimodal biometric authentication using state-of-the-art systems SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE multimodal biometrics; authentication; matching score; normalization; fusion; fingerprint; face ID IDENTIFICATION; VERIFICATION; FUSION AB We examine the performance of multimodal biometric authentication systems using state-of-the-art Commercial Off-the-Shelf (COTS) fingerprint and face biometric systems on a population approaching 1,000 individuals. The majority of prior studies of multimodal biometrics have been limited to relatively low accuracy non-COTS systems and populations of a few hundred users. Our work is the first to demonstrate that multimodal fingerprint and face biometric systems can achieve significant accuracy gains over either biometric alone, even when using highly accurate COTS systems on a relatively large-scale population. In addition to examining well-known multimodal methods, we introduce new methods of normalization and fusion that further improve the accuracy. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Michigan State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Snelick, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rsnelick@nist.gov; uludagum@cse.msu.edu; amink@nist.gov; mindovina@nist.gov; jain@cse.msu.edu NR 14 TC 222 Z9 237 U1 0 U2 14 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 27 IS 3 BP 450 EP 455 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2005.57 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 887IW UT WOS:000226300200012 PM 15747798 ER PT J AU Sen Gupta, A Howe, DA AF Sen Gupta, A Howe, DA TI Low-noise, high resolution microwave synthesis for atomic frequency standards SO INDIAN JOURNAL OF PURE & APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE atomic frequency standards; microwave synthesis; synthesizer; cavity stabilized oscillator ID FOUNTAIN; CAVITY; OSCILLATOR; MODULATION AB The performance of newer generations of ultra high stability atomic frequency standards based on laser cooled atoms and ions appears to be limited by the local oscillator and the microwave synthesis chain. To improve this performance, the design considerations of microwave synthesizers for Cs hyperfine clock transition at 9.192 GHz that emphasize high resolution, low phase modulation (PM) and amplitude modulation (AM) noise, low spurs near the carrier, and very high phase stability with respect to environmental effects have been studied. Typical performance achieved are: internal fractional frequency stability of 1.5 x 10(-15) at 10 s and 1 x 10(-18) at 1 day; fractional frequency step of 2 x 10(-17) and temperature coefficient less than 0.1-0.5 ps/K. Our design is quite general and enables generation of microwave outputs corresponding to several different atomic transitions. The phase locking of the synthesizer to a high stability external frequency reference based on a cavity stabilized oscillator has been studied. C1 Natl Phys Lab, New Delhi 110012, India. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sen Gupta, A (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Dr Krishnan Rd, New Delhi 110012, India. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL INST SCIENCE COMMUNICATION-NISCAIR PI NEW DELHI PA DR K S KRISHNAN MARG, PUSA CAMPUS, NEW DELHI 110 012, INDIA SN 0019-5596 J9 INDIAN J PURE AP PHY JI Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 221 EP 227 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 910PY UT WOS:000227945300012 ER PT J AU Paranjpye, RN Strom, MS AF Paranjpye, RN Strom, MS TI A Vibrio vulnificus type IV pilin contributes to biofilm formation, adherence to epithelial cells, and virulence SO INFECTION AND IMMUNITY LA English DT Article ID CHOLERAE EL-TOR; PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA PILI; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN SECRETION; HEMOLYSIN GENE; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE; PHENOTYPIC EVALUATION; LEADER PEPTIDASE; EXPRESSION AB Vibrio vulnificus expresses a multitude of cell-associated and secreted factors that potentially contribute to pathogenicity, although the specific roles of most of these factors have been difficult to define. Previously we have shown that a mutation in pilD (originally designated vvpD), which encodes a type IV prepilin peptidase/N-methyltransferase, abolishes expression of surface pili, suggesting that they belong to the type IV class. In addition, a pilD mutant exhibits reduced adherence to HEp-2 cells, a block in secretion of several exoenzymes that follow the type II secretion pathway, and decreased virulence. In this study, we have cloned and characterized a V. vulnificus type IV pilin (PilA) that shares extensive homology to group A type W pilins expressed by many pathogens, including Vibrio cholerae (PilA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PiIA), and Aeromonas hydrophila (TapA). The V. vulnificus pil4 gene is part of an operon and is clustered with three other pilus biogenesis genes, pilBCD. Inactivation of pil4 reduces the ability of V. vulnificus to form biofilms and significantly decreases adherence to HEp-2 cells and virulence in iron dextran-treated mice. Southern blot analysis demonstrates the widespread presence of both pil4 and pilD in clinical as well as environmental strains of V. vulnificus. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mark.strom@noaa.gov NR 79 TC 87 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0019-9567 EI 1098-5522 J9 INFECT IMMUN JI Infect. Immun. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 73 IS 3 BP 1411 EP 1422 DI 10.1128/IAI.73.3.1411-1422.2005 PG 12 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases GA 902RD UT WOS:000227373300017 PM 15731039 ER PT J AU Madan, M Son, YJ Cho, H Kulvatunyou, B AF Madan, M Son, YJ Cho, H Kulvatunyou, B TI Determination of efficient simulation model fidelity for flexible manufacturing systems SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE model abstraction; multi-resolution; hierarchical model; simulation; UML; FMS ID JOB-SHOP; DESIGN; DETAIL; UML AB This paper presents a framework for the determination of an efficient level of simulation model fidelity for flexible manufacturing systems, which will achieve acceptable output accuracy with minimum resources and thereby reduce model building effort and computation time. To this end, we first formally define different levels of model fidelity using building blocks available in object-oriented (O-O) modelling, where an operation at a higher level is either decomposed into more detailed operations or subjected to more constraints at a lower level. In this paper, five models with different fidelities are defined. Then, simulation models that conform to these O-O models are constructed. Using these simulation models, intensive experiments are conducted to examine how the factors that characterize an FMS contribute to the relative errors of outputs from different models. Since no actual systems are considered, the results generated from the most detailed simulation model are used as references. The experimental results are then summarized by regression-based meta-models. In the proposed framework, the most efficient model for a new FMS is identified so that the relative error of a model estimated from the meta-model is closest to the threshold value provided by users. This framework is tested by two sample FMSs, and the initial results look quite promising. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Syst & Ind Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ind Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MSI Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Son, YJ (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Syst & Ind Engn, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM son@sie.Arizona.edu RI Cho, Hyunbo/F-6973-2013 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-192X J9 INT J COMP INTEG M JI Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. PD MAR-MAY PY 2005 VL 18 IS 2-3 BP 236 EP 250 DI 10.1080/0951192052000288143 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 882VL UT WOS:000225967200013 ER PT J AU Sassen, K Campbell Jr Zhu, J Kollias, P Shupe, M Williams, C AF Sassen, K Campbell, JR Zhu, J Kollias, P Shupe, M Williams, C TI Lidar and triple-wavelength Doppler radar measurements of the melting layer: A revised model for dark- and brightband phenomena SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WIND-TUNNEL; CLOUD; PRECIPITATION; DROPS; WATER; BAND; ICE; HYDROMETEORS; EVAPORATION; MISSION AB During the recent Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers (CRYSTAL) Florida Area Citrus Experiment (FACE) field campaign in southern Florida, rain showers were probed by a 0.523-mu m lidar and three (0.32-, 0.86-, and 10.6-cm wavelength) Doppler radars. The full repertoire of backscattering phenomena was observed in the melting region, that is, the various lidar and radar dark and bright bands. In contrast to the ubiquitous 10.6-cm (S band) radar bright band, only intermittent evidence is found at 0.86 cm (K band), and no clear examples of the radar bright band are seen at 0.32 cm (W band), because of the dominance of non-Rayleigh scattering effects. Analysis also reveals that the relatively inconspicuous W-band radar dark band is due to non-Rayleigh effects in large water-coated snowflakes that are high in the melting layer. The lidar dark band exclusively involves mixed-phase particles and is centered where the shrinking snowflakes collapse into raindrops-the point at which spherical particle backscattering mechanisms first come into prominence during snowflake melting. The traditional (S band) radar brightband peak occurs low in the melting region, just above the lidar dark-band minimum. This position is close to where the W-band reflectivities and Doppler velocities reach their plateaus but is well above the height at which the S-band Doppler velocities stop increasing. Thus, the classic radar bright band is dominated by Rayleigh dielectric scattering effects in the few largest melting snowflakes. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sassen, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ksissen@gi.alaska.edu RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; Williams, Christopher/A-2723-2015 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Williams, Christopher/0000-0001-9394-8850 NR 31 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 44 IS 3 BP 301 EP 312 DI 10.1175/JAM-2197.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 915SZ UT WOS:000228332800002 ER PT J AU Sanford, NA Davydov, AV Tsvetkov, DV Dmitriev, AV Keller, S Mishra, UK DenBaars, SP Park, SS Han, JY Molnar, RJ AF Sanford, NA Davydov, AV Tsvetkov, DV Dmitriev, AV Keller, S Mishra, UK DenBaars, SP Park, SS Han, JY Molnar, RJ TI Measurement of second order susceptibilities of GaN and AlGaN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-OPTICAL SUSCEPTIBILITIES; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; 2ND-HARMONIC GENERATION; THIN-FILMS; ALN; SAPPHIRE; NITRIDE AB Rotational Maker fringes, scaled with respect to chi(11)((2)) of crystalline quartz, were used to determine the second order susceptibilities chi(31)((2)) and chi(33)((2)) for samples of thin AlxGa1-xN films, a thicker GaN film, and a free-standing GaN platelets. The pump wavelength was 1064 nm. The AlxGa1-xN samples, ranging in thickness from roughly 0.5 to 4.4 mu m, were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) and hydride vapor-phase epitaxy (HVPE) on (0001) sapphire substrates. The Al mole fractions x were 0, 0.419, 0.507, 0.618, 0.660, and 0.666, for the MOCVD-grown samples, and x=0, 0.279, 0.363, and 0.593 for the HVPE-grown samples. An additional HVPE-grown GaN sample similar to 70 mu m thick was also examined. The free-standing bulk GaN platelets consisted of an HVPE grown film similar to 226 mu m thick removed from its growth substrate, and a crystal similar to 160 mu m thick grown by high-pressure techniques. For the AlxGa1-xN samples, the magnitudes of chi(31)((2)) and chi(33)((2)) decrease roughly linearly with increasing x and extrapolate to similar to 0 for x=1. Furthermore, the constraint expected for a perfect wurtzite structure, namely chi(33)((2))=-2 chi(31)((2)), was seldom observed, and the samples with x=0.660 and x=0.666 showed chi(31)((2)) and chi(33)((2)) having the same sign. These results are consistent with the theoretical studies of nonlinear susceptibilities for AlN and GaN performed by Chen [Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 1129 (1995)]. The thicker bulk GaN samples displayed a complex superposition of high- and low-frequency Maker fringes due to the multiple-pass interference of the pump and second-harmonic generation beams, and the nonlinear coefficients were approximately consistent with those measured for the thin-film GaN sample. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. TDI Inc, Gaithersburg, MD 20904 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Samsung Adv Inst Technol, Suwon 440600, South Korea. Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Sanford, NA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway,MS 815, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sanford@boulder.nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 32 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 5 AR 053512 DI 10.1063/1.1852695 PG 13 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 908DG UT WOS:000227766900025 ER PT J AU Tokumasu, F Fairhurst, RM Ostera, GR Brittain, NJ Hwang, J Wellems, TE Dvorak, JA AF Tokumasu, F Fairhurst, RM Ostera, GR Brittain, NJ Hwang, J Wellems, TE Dvorak, JA TI Band 3 modifications in Plasmodium falciparum-infected AA and CC erythrocytes assayed by autocorrelation analysis using quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF CELL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE hemoglobin C; malaria; band 3 clustering; quantum dots; power spectrum; autocorrelation; membrane modification ID HEINZ BODY FORMATION; RED-BLOOD-CELL; HEMOGLOBIN DENATURATION; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; UNSTABLE HEMOGLOBINS; IGG-BINDING; MALARIA; PHAGOCYTOSIS; MEMBRANE; AUTOANTIBODIES AB The molecular stability of hemoglobin is critical for normal erythrocyte functions, including oxygen transport. Hemoglobin C (HbC) is a mutant hemoglobin that has increased oxidative susceptibility due to an amino acid substitution (beta 6: Glu to Lys). The growth of Plasmodium falciparuin is abnormal in homozygous CC erythrocytes in vitro, and CC individuals show innate protection against severe P falciparuin malaria. We investigated one possible mechanism of innate protection using a quantum dot technique to compare the distribution of host membrane band 3 molecules in genotypically normal (AA) to CC erythrocytes. The high photostability of quantum dots facilitated the construction of 3D cell images and the quantification of fluorescent signal intensity. Power spectra and 1D autocorrelation analyses showed band 3 clusters on the surface of infected AA and CC erythrocytes. These clusters became larger as the parasites matured and were more abundant in CC erythrocytes. Further, average cluster size (500 nm) in uninfected (native) CC erythrocytes was comparable with that of parasitized AA erythrocytes but was significantly larger (1 mu m) in parasitized CC erythrocytes. Increased band 3 clustering may enhance recognition sites for autoantibodies, which could contribute to the protective effect of hemoglobin C against malaria. C1 NIAID, Viochem & Biophys Parasitol Sect, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIAID, Malaria Genet Sect, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dvorak, JA (reprint author), NIAID, Viochem & Biophys Parasitol Sect, Lab Malaria & Vector Res, NIH, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM jdvorak@niaid.nih.gov OI Tokumasu, Fuyuki/0000-0003-2790-1071 NR 42 TC 53 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 5 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0021-9533 J9 J CELL SCI JI J. Cell Sci. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 118 IS 5 BP 1091 EP 1098 DI 10.1242/jcs.01662 PG 8 WC Cell Biology SC Cell Biology GA 916IK UT WOS:000228378400023 PM 15731014 ER PT J AU Dong, Q Chirico, RD Yan, XJ Hong, XR Frenkel, M AF Dong, Q Chirico, RD Yan, XJ Hong, XR Frenkel, M TI Uncertainty reporting for experimental thermodynamic properties SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID LIQUID CRITICAL PROPERTIES; XML-BASED APPROACH; CRITICAL CONSTANTS; ELEMENTS; EXCHANGE; STORAGE; HYDROCARBONS; ALKANOLS; THERMOML AB This paper reviews practices in the expression of uncertainty in the experimental literature for thermodynamic property measurements with determinations of critical temperature for pure compounds used as a case study. The time period considered is from 1940 to the present, with an emphasis on results published since 1990. One hundred ninety-four articles were considered involving hundreds of compounds. The goals of this paper are to show how the nature and extent of estimations of uncertainty have changed in this time period and to document the extent to which the information provided in the articles corresponds to the recommendations of the GUM. (The GUM is the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement published in 1993 by the International Organization for Standardization, ISO. This document describes current recommended practices in this area.) It is shown that although gradual and continuous progress has been made in the reporting of uncertainty information, comprehensive uncertainty analyses remain rare, particularly with regard to the consideration of contributions arising from sample impurities. Problems in the application of experimental property results to technological challenges are discussed within the broad context of inconsistencies in the expression of uncertainty. Widespread acceptance and application of the standard methods and terminologies established within the GUM are encouraged for the benefit of experimentalists, data evaluators, and data users alike. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, TRC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dong, Q (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, TRC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM qdong@boulder.nist.gov; yunyan3l6@yahoo.com NR 31 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 546 EP 550 DI 10.1021/je049673d PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 905KI UT WOS:000227566600043 ER PT J AU Archer, DG AF Archer, DG TI Enthalpy of solution of potassium tetrafluoroborate in water and in aqueous sodium fluoride. Thermodynamic properties of the aqueous tetrafluoroborate anion and potassium tetrafluoroborate SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; FLUOBORATE; EQUATION AB An adiabatic calorimeter was used to measure the enthalpy of solution of potassium tetrafluoroborate (0.01 mol center dot kg(-1) to 0.02 mol center dot kg(-1)) in water and in aqueous sodium fluoride of different ionic strengths (0.2 mol center dot kg(-1) and 0.5 mol center dot kg(-1)) at 298 K and 313 K. The present results yield the standard-state enthalpy and heat capacity for the solution process and, when combined with literature values for solubilities, yield the standard-state entropy of the solution process. From these properties, and previous measurements involving potassium tetrafluoroborate, we provide a new analysis of thermodynamic properties of the aqueous tetrafluoroborate ion and compare these new properties to previous tabulations and explain the sources of discrepancies in the literature. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Archer, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donald.archer@nist.gov NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 692 EP 696 DI 10.1021/je049599z PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 905KI UT WOS:000227566600068 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Steele, WV AF Chirico, RD Steele, WV TI Thermodynamic properties of 2-methylquinoline and 8-methylquinoline SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID THERMOCHEMICAL BOND ENERGIES; 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; VAPOR-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURES; COMBUSTION; NITROGEN; ENTHALPIES; PETROLEUM; QUINOLINE AB Measurements leading to the calculation of the standard thermodynamic properties for gaseous 2-methylquinoline (Chemical Abstracts registry number [91-63-41) and 8-methylquinoline (Chemical Abstracts registry number [611-32-5]) are reported. Experimental methods include oxygen bomb calorimetry, adiabatic heat capacity calorimetry, vibrating-tube densitometry, comparative ebulliometry, inclined-piston gauge manometry, and differential scanning calorimetry (dsc). The critical temperature was measured with a differential scanning calorimeter. The critical pressure and critical density were estimated. Standard molar entropies, standard molar enthalpies, and standard molar Gibbs free energies of formation were derived at selected temperatures between 298.15 K and 700 K. All results are compared with experimental values reported in the literature. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, TRC, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Tennessee, Phys Properties Res Facil, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, TRC, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chirico@boulder.nist.gov NR 51 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 697 EP 708 DI 10.1021/je049595u PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 905KI UT WOS:000227566600069 ER PT J AU Tewari, YB Gery, PD Vaudin, MD Mighell, AD Klein, R Goldberg, RN AF Tewari, YB Gery, PD Vaudin, MD Mighell, AD Klein, R Goldberg, RN TI Saturation molalities and standard molar enthalpies of solution of 2 '-deoxyadenosine center dot H2O(cr), 2 '-deoxycytidine center dot H2O(cr), 2 '-deoxyguanosine center dot H2O(cr), 2 '-deoxyinosine(cr), and 2 '-deoxyuridine(cr) in H2O(1) SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE enthalpy of solution; Gibbs free energy; saturation molality; solubility; 2 '-deoxyadenosine; 2 '-deoxycytidine; 2 '-deoxyguanosine; 2 '-deoxymosine; 2 '-deoxyuridine ID NUCLEIC-ACID BASES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; MODEL COMPOUNDS; CRYSTAL; NUCLEOSIDES; SOLUBILITY; PURINE; WATER AB Saturation molalities m(sat) in H2O(l) have been measured for the substances 2'-deoxyadenosine . H2O(cr), 2'-deoxycytidine . H2O(cr), 2'-deoxyguanosine . H2O(cr), 2'-deoxyinosine(cr), and 2'-deoxyuridine(cr) by using h.p.l.c. The states of hydration were established by performing Karl Fischer analyses on samples of these substances, which had been allowed to equilibrate with their respective aqueous saturated solutions for several days at T approximate to 298 K and then dried with air at T approximate to 296 K for approximate to 24 h. The crystalline forms of the substances were identified by comparison of the results of X-ray diffraction measurements with results from the literature. Also, calorimetric molar enthalpies of solution Delta(sol)H(m)(cal) for these substances were measured by using an isoperibol solution calorimeter. A self-association (stacking) model was used to estimate values of the activity coefficients gamma and relative apparent molar enthalpies L-phi for these substances. These gamma and L-phi values were used to adjust the measured values of m(sat) and Delta(sol)H(m) to the standard state and thus obtain values of the standard molar Gibbs free energy Delta(sol)Gdegrees(m) and enthalpy changes Delta(sol)Hdegrees(m) for the dissolution reactions of these substances. The values of the pKs and of the standard molar enthalpies of the ionization reactions were also used to account for speciation of the substances in the calculations of Delta(sol)Gdegrees(m) and Delta(sol)Hdegrees(m). Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tewari, YB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yadu.tewari@nist.gov; mark.vaudin@nist.gov; alan.mighell@nist.gov; rklein3612@aol.com; robert.goldberg@nist.gov NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 37 IS 3 BP 233 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2004.09.008 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 903ZV UT WOS:000227465400004 ER PT J AU Jain, S Hoerling, M Eischeid, J AF Jain, S Hoerling, M Eischeid, J TI Decreasing reliability and increasing synchroneity of western North American streamflow SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TRENDS; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATE AB Assessing climate-related societal vulnerability and mitigating impacts requires timely diagnosis of the nature of regional hydrologic change. A late-twentieth-century emergent trend is discovered toward increasing year-to-year variance (decreasing reliability) of streamflow across the major river basins in western North America-Fraser, Columbia, Sacramento-San Joaquin, and Upper Colorado. Simultaneously, a disproportionate increase in the incidence of synchronous flows (simultaneous high or low flows across all four river basins) has resulted in expansive water resources stress. The observed trends have analogs in wintertime atmospheric circulation regimes and ocean temperatures, raising new questions on the detection, attribution, and projection of regional hydrologic change induced by climate. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Climate Diagnost Ctr, CIRES, NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Jain, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Shaleen.Jain@noaa.gov RI Jain, Shaleen/B-2923-2011 OI Jain, Shaleen/0000-0003-1792-4421 NR 20 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 5 BP 613 EP 618 DI 10.1175/JCLI-3311.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909RQ UT WOS:000227878800001 ER PT J AU Pyatt, HE Albrecht, BA Fairall, C Hare, JE Bond, N Minnis, P Ayers, JK AF Pyatt, HE Albrecht, BA Fairall, C Hare, JE Bond, N Minnis, P Ayers, JK TI Evolution of marine atmospheric boundary layer structure across the cold tongue-ITCZ complex SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; THERMODYNAMIC STRUCTURE; VARIABILITY; WIND; CLOUDINESS; INVERSION AB The structure of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) over the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean is influenced by spatial variations of sea surface temperature (SST) in the region. As the MABL air is advected across a strong SST gradient associated with the cold tongue-ITCZ complex (CTIC), substantial changes occur in the thermodynamic structure, surface fluxes, and cloud properties. This study attempts to define and explain the variability in the MABL structure and clouds over the CTIC. Using data collected on research cruises from the fall seasons of 1999-2001, composite soundings were created for both the cold and warm sides of the SST front to describe the mean atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) structure and its evolution across this front. The average difference in SST across this front was similar to 6 degrees C; much of this difference was concentrated in a band only similar to 50 km wide. During the fall seasons, on the cold side of the gradient, a well-defined inversion exists in all years. Below this inversion, both fair-weather cumulus and stratiform clouds are observed. As the MABL air moves over the SST front to warmer waters, the inversion weakens and increases in height. The MABL also moistens and eventually supports deeper convection over the ITCZ. Both the latent and sensible heat fluxes increase dramatically across the SST front because of both an increase in SST and surface wind speed. Cloudiness is variable on the cold side of the SST front ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 coverage. On the warm side, cloud fraction was quite constant in time, with values generally greater than 0.8. The highest cloud-top heights (> 3 km) are found well north of the SST front, indicating areas of deeper convection. An analysis using energy and moisture budgets identifies the roles of various physical processes in the MABL evolution. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. Analyt Sci & Mat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. RP Albrecht, BA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM balbrecht@rsmas.miami.edu RI Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010 OI Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 5 BP 737 EP 753 DI 10.1175/JCLI-3287.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 909RQ UT WOS:000227878800009 ER PT J AU Berman, GA Naar, DE Hine, AC Brooks, GR Tebbens, SF Donahue, BT Wilson, R AF Berman, GA Naar, DE Hine, AC Brooks, GR Tebbens, SF Donahue, BT Wilson, R TI Geologic structure and hydrodynamics of Egmont Channel: An anomalous inlet at the mouth of Tampa Bay, Florida SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE multibeam bathymetry; beelform morphology; sediment transport; Tampa Bay ID MORPHOLOGY; BEDFORMS; PATTERNS; COAST AB High-resolution bathymetry surveys of Egmont Channel were conducted in 1999 and 2001 using a Kongsberg Simrad EM 3000 multibeam bathymetric system. These data were supplemented with other bathymetry data, seismic profiles, underwater scuba observations, and current velocity data, in order to investigate the geologic and hydrodynamic characteristics of Egmont Channel. Bounded to the north by a linear steep scarp (&SIM; 38&DEG;) and by a more gradual slope (> 10&DEG;) to the south Egmont Channel is an asymmetric tidal inlet and the main shipping channel for Tampa Bay, Florida. The cross sectional area (17,964 m(2)) and the tidal prism (6 X 10(8) m(3)) for Egmont Channel were derived in this study. Currents measured at Egmont Deep and the Sunshine Skyway Bridge (&SIM; 11 km away) with Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers, have a high correlation (97%) indicating the current velocities at Sunshine Skyway Bridge can be used as a proxy for current velocities at Egmont Deep. Seismic profile data indicate that both the mouth of Tampa Bay and the bay proper contain many stratigraphically controlled depressions. Egmont Deep is located at one of these depressions. Bathymetry and seismic data indicate that the main ebb jet for Egmont Channel is deflected northward by a local stratigraphic high located at the north end of Egmont Key. The repeated high-resolution multibeam bathymetric surveys document sediment bedform migration. The bottom characteristics of the deep fluctuate due to the erosion and deposition of gravelwaves. Analysis of seismic data and SCUBA observations suggest that the most likely origin for Egmont Deep is a combination of erosion-resistant limestone strata interspersed with pockets of dissolution which is overlain by an irregular bed of mobile sediments. The strong tidal current scour maintains the depth of the feature and assures that any sediment that becomes incorporated in the deep is short-lived. C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Ctr Coastal Ocean Mapping, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Eckerd Coll, Dept Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33711 USA. NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Berman, GA (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, Ctr Coastal Ocean Mapping, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 21 IS 2 BP 331 EP 357 DI 10.2112/03-0015.1 PG 27 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 922MU UT WOS:000228842800011 ER PT J AU Reiss, C McLaren, I Avendano, P Taggart, C AF Reiss, C McLaren, I Avendano, P Taggart, C TI Feeding ecology of silver hake larvae on the Western Bank, Scotian shelf, and comparison with Atlantic cod SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic cod; feeding ecology; Scotian shelf; selectivity; silver hake ID PREY SIZE; GADUS-MORHUA; FISH; ZOOPLANKTON; HYPOTHESIS; TURBULENCE; RETENTION; SELECTION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB The feeding ecology of the larvae of silver hake Merluccius bilinearis was examined during two time periods (October 1998 and December 1992) on the Western Bank, Scotian Shelf, northwest Atlantic, and compared with the feeding ecology of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua larvae collected in the same samples in December 1992. During both time periods silver hake exhibited strong selection for late stage copepodids and adult copepods at a small size (> 3.5mm total length, L-T). The niche width measured as the diet breadth index (l(DB)) of silver hake declined rapidly as they increased in size and remained relatively constant from 3 to 11 mm L-T, during each time period. Atlantic cod larvae exhibited a broader niche width that was curvilinear over the same L-T. Atlantic cod were also less selective than silver hake, incorporating both naupliar and early stage copepodids in their diets throughout the length classes examined. Simple isometric relationships did not explain the differences in diet, as Atlantic cod larvae continued to feed on early stages of copepods at large size, while silver hake larvae quickly switched to large prey items. The strong selection and narrow l(DB) observed for silver hake probably reflects adaptation to spawning during the periods between major secondary production peaks in temperate waters. (c) 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles (No claim to original US government works). C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. RP Reiss, C (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 66 IS 3 BP 703 EP 720 DI 10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00631.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 912WT UT WOS:000228111300007 ER PT J AU Sathivel, S Bechtel, PJ Babbitt, JK Prinyawiwatkul, W Patterson, M AF Sathivel, S Bechtel, PJ Babbitt, JK Prinyawiwatkul, W Patterson, M TI Functional, nutritional, and rheological properties of protein powders from arrowtooth flounder and their application in mayonnaise SO JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE arrowtooth flounder; fish protein power; functional properties; mayonnaise; rheological properties ID HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; EMULSIFYING PROPERTIES; ENZYMATIC-HYDROLYSIS; WHEY-PROTEIN; MODEL; BEHAVIOR; CASEIN AB Arrowtooth flounder soluble protein powder (AFSP) and arrowtooth flounder insoluble protein powder (AFISP) were evaluated for their functional, nutritional, and rheological properties. AFSP and AFISP contained 80% and 79% protein and 5.9% and 14.9% fat, respectively. Yield of AFSP (8.6%) was less than AFISP (13.1%).AFSP and AFISP had desirable essential amino acid and mineral contents. Emulsion stability of AFSP was greater than AFISP Fat and water absorptions (mL/g protein) were 5.2 and 1.8 for AFSP, respectively, and 3.3 and 4.2 for AFISP Mayonnaises made from AFSP had greater emulsion stability than mayonnaise made from AFISP Mayonnaises from both AFSP and AFISP possessed pseudoplastic and viscoelastic characteristics. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, USDA ARS, Seafood Lab, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, NMFS Utilizat Res Lab, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Sathivel, S (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, 118 Trident Way, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM sathivel@sfof.uaf.edu NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 9 PU INST FOOD TECHNOLOGISTS PI CHICAGO PA 525 WEST VAN BUREN, STE 1000, CHICAGO, IL 60607-3814 USA SN 0022-1147 J9 J FOOD SCI JI J. Food Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 70 IS 2 BP E57 EP E63 PG 7 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 905AO UT WOS:000227540000013 ER PT J AU Kline, MC Vallone, PM Redman, JW Duewer, DL Calloway, CD Butler, JM AF Kline, MC Vallone, PM Redman, JW Duewer, DL Calloway, CD Butler, JM TI Mitochondrial DNA typing screens with control region and coding region SNPs SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 56th Annual Meeting of the American-Academy-of-Forensic-Sciences CY FEB 16-21, 2004 CL Dallas, TX SP Amer Acad Forens Sci DE forensic science; DNA typing; mtDNA; SSO probes; mitochondrial DNA coding region; printer extension ID OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBE ANALYSIS; MTDNA CONTROL REGION; POPULATION VARIATION; HVII REGION; SEQUENCE; GENOME; ASSAY; POLYMORPHISMS; AMPLIFICATION; HETEROPLASMY AB Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis has found an important niche in forensic DNA typing. It is used with highly degraded samples or low-copy number materials such as might be found from shed hair or bones exposed to severe environmental conditions. The primary advantage of mtDNA is that it is present in high copy number within cells and therefore more likely to be recovered from highly degraded specimens. A major disadvantage to traditional forensic mtDNA analysis is that it is time-consuming and labor-intensive to generate and review the 6 10 nucleotides of sequence information commonly targeted in hypervariable regions I and 11 (HVI and HVII) of the control region. In addition, common haplotypes exist in HVI/HVII nuDNA sequences that can reduce the ability to differentiate two unrelated samples. In this report we describe the utility of two newly available screening assays for rapid exclusion of non-matching samples. The LINEAR ARRAY mtDNA HVI/HVII Region-Sequencing Typing Kit (Roche Applied Science, Indianapolis, IN) was used to type 666 individuals from U.S. Caucasian, African American, and Hispanic groups. Processing of the LINEAR ARRAY probe panels "mito strips" was automated on a ProfiBlot workstation. Observable variation in 666 individuals is reported and frequencies of the mitotypes within and between populations are presented. Samples exhibiting the most common Caucasian mitotype were subdivided with a multiplexed amplification and detection assay using eleven single nucleotide polymorphisms in the mitochondrial genome. These types of screening assays should enable more rapid evaluation of forensic casework samples such that only samples not excluded would be subjected to further characterization through full HVI/HVII mtDNA sequence analysis. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Roche Mol Syst, Dept Human Genet, Alameda, CA 94501 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Comprehens Biochem Grp, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Kline, MC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM margaret.kline@nist.gov RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008; Butler, John/C-7812-2011 NR 32 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 377 EP 385 PG 9 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 904II UT WOS:000227488900015 PM 15813549 ER PT J AU Ladd, C Kachel, NB Mordy, CW Stabeno, PJ AF Ladd, C Kachel, NB Mordy, CW Stabeno, PJ TI Observations from a Yakutat eddy in the northern Gulf of Alaska SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE VARIABILITY; SHELFBREAK FRONT; PACIFIC-OCEAN; HAIDA EDDIES; PHYTOPLANKTON; CIRCULATION; ALTIMETER; TRANSPORT; NUTRIENT; IRON AB [1] The impingement of deep basin eddies on the shelf in the Gulf of Alaska has been implicated as an important mechanism for cross-shelf exchange. The influence of eddies on biological processes has been confirmed with data from the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor showing elevated chlorophyll associated with eddies. Altimetry data suggest that an eddy formed in the winter of 2003 near Yakutat, Alaska, and propagated along the shelf break, reaching the head of the gulf by spring. This eddy was sampled during May and September of 2003. The eddy core water was warm, salty, and high in nitrate relative to basin water of the same density but was similar to historical water properties from the shelf near Yakutat. This suggests a shelf origin for the eddy core water. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Ladd, C (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM carol.ladd@noaa.gov; nkachel@ocean.washington.edu; mordy@pmel.noaa.gov; stabeno@pmel.noaa.gov RI Ladd, Carol/M-6159-2014 OI Ladd, Carol/0000-0003-1065-430X NR 40 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C3 AR C03003 DI 10.1029/2004JC002710 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 905ES UT WOS:000227551400003 ER PT J AU Wirts, AE Johnson, GC AF Wirts, AE Johnson, GC TI Recent interannual upper ocean variability in the deep southeastern Bering Sea SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SLOPE CURRENT SYSTEM; WINTER MIXED-LAYER; NORTH PACIFIC; DICHOTHERMAL WATER; CIRCULATION; REANALYSIS; BASIN; THERMOHALINE; OSCILLATION; TEMPERATURE AB Recent seasonal and interannual variability of the upper ocean in the southeast Aleutian Basin of the Bering Sea is related to air sea fluxes, ocean advection, and mixing. Between the winter of 2001/2002 and that of 2002/2003 a warming and freshening of the upper ocean was observed in data from a regional array of profiling Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) floats. The mild winter of 2002/2003 resulted in an unusually warm, fresh, light, and shallow winter mixed layer and a weakly ventilated temperature minimum layer. These unusual winter conditions contributed to a substantial reduction in the subsurface temperature inversion characteristic of the southeast Aleutian Basin. Heat budget analysis, one-dimensional upper ocean model runs, and altimeter sea-surface height anomalies suggest that a combination of atypical ocean advection and anomalous atmospheric forcing contributed to the unusual upper ocean conditions in 2002/2003. The observed warming and disappearance of the temperature minimum in 2002/2003 appears to have preconditioned the water column toward a similar structure in 2003/2004, despite a return to more normal atmospheric forcing. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 63 IS 2 BP 381 EP 405 DI 10.1357/0022240053693725 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 924DN UT WOS:000228959100003 ER PT J AU Meinen, CS AF Meinen, CS TI Meridional extent and interannual variability of the Pacific Ocean tropical-subtropical warm water exchange SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; EL-NINO; EXPENDABLE BATHYTHERMOGRAPH; DECADAL VARIATIONS; RECHARGE PARADIGM; MODEL; TRANSPORTS; ENSO; THERMOCLINE; ATMOSPHERE AB Altimetric observations of sea surface height anomaly (SSHA) from the TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS satellites, hydrography, and the ECMWF and Florida State University wind products are used to track warm water( >= 20 degrees C) as it is exchanged between the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the higher latitudes during 1993-2003. The large El Nino event of 1997-98 resulted in a significant discharge of warm water toward the higher latitudes within the interior of the Pacific Ocean. The exchange of anomalous warm water volume with the Northern Hemisphere appears to be blocked under the intertropical convergence zone, consistent with most current ideas on the time-mean tropical-subtropical exchange. Little of the warm water discharged northward across 5 degrees and 8 degrees N during the 1997-98 El Nino event could be traced as far as 10 degrees N. To the south, however, these anomalous volumes of warm water were visible at least as far as 20 degrees S, primarily in the longitudes around 130 degrees-160 degrees W. In both hemispheres most of the warm water appeared to flow westward before returning to the Tropics during the recharge phase of the El Nino-La Nina cycle. The buildup of warm water in the Tropics before the 1997-98 El Nino is shown to be fed primarily by warm water drawn from the region in the western Pacific within 5 degrees S-15 degrees N. The exchange cycle between the equatorial band and the higher latitudes north of the equator leads the cycle in the south by 6-8 months. These results are found in all three datasets used herein, hydrography, altimetric observations of SSHA, and Sverdrup transports calculated from multiple wind products, which demonstrates the robustness of the results. C1 Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Meinen, CS (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM christopher.meinen@noaa.gov RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 35 IS 3 BP 323 EP 335 DI 10.1175/JPO-2694.1 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 915AC UT WOS:000228269000004 ER PT J AU Lombardi, MA Hanson, DW AF Lombardi, MA Hanson, DW TI The GOES time code service, 1974-2004: A retrospective SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review DE broadcasting; Coordinated Universal Time (UTC); orbit prediction; satellites; timekeeping ID CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION; SATELLITE; FREQUENCY AB NIST ended its Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites ( GOES) time code service at 0 hours, 0 minutes Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) on January 1, 2005. To commemorate the end of this historically significant service, this article provides a retrospective look at the GOES service and the important role it played in the history of satellite timekeeping. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lombardi, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lombardi@boulder.nist.gov NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 79 EP 96 DI 10.6028/jres.110.008 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 918CY UT WOS:000228518100001 PM 27308105 ER PT J AU Murthy, AV Fraser, GT DeWitt, DP AF Murthy, AV Fraser, GT DeWitt, DP TI A summary of heat-flux sensor calibration data SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE calibration; heat flux; sensors; transfer technique AB This paper presents a statistical evaluation of the responsivity data on a number of heat-flux sensors, calibrated using an electrical substitution radiometer as a transfer standard up to 5 W.cm(-2). The sensors, furnished by the customers, were of circular-foil or thermopile type. Comparison of the NIST and the customer measured responsivity values showed that the measurements agree within 3 % for more than half the number of sensors tested, so far. Considering the variation in the customer calibration techniques and the wide measuring range of the sensors used in the calibration, the agreement is encouraging. C1 Aerotech Inc, Hampton, VA USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Murthy, AV (reprint author), Aerotech Inc, Hampton, VA USA. EM murthy@nist.gov NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.6028/jres.110.009 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 918CY UT WOS:000228518100002 PM 27308106 ER PT J AU Gaigalas, AK Wang, LL Schwartz, A Marti, GE Vogt, RF AF Gaigalas, AK Wang, LL Schwartz, A Marti, GE Vogt, RF TI Quantitating fluorescence intensity from fluorophore: Assignment of MESF values SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cytometry; FITC; fluorescein; fluorescence yield; MESF; microspheres AB A procedure is presented to convert the comparison of measured fluorescence signals into a comparison of fluorescence yields (FY). The fluorescence yield, which is a property of a solution or a suspension, is defined as the product of the fluorophore concentration and the molecular quantum yield. The paper revises the measurement model which relates the measured fluorescence signal to the FY. The equality of FY of two solutions provides an equivalence between the concentrations of fluorophore in the two solutions. The equivalence is the basis for quantitation in terms of molecules of equivalent soluble fluorophore (MESF). The quantitation procedure starts with the measurement of fluorescence signals from a serial dilution of fluorescein solutions to obtain a calibration of a fluorometer. The fluorometer is used to measure the fluorescence signal of a suspension of microspheres with immobilized fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC). The calibration is used to obtain the concentration of soluble fluorophores which gives the same fluorescence signal as the microsphere suspension. The number concentration of microspheres is measured and the equality of fluorescence yields is used to obtain the number of soluble fluorescein molecules equivalent to a single microsphere. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ctr Quantitat Cytometry, San Juan, PR 00919 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. CDC, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Gaigalas, AK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov NR 8 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 101 EP 114 DI 10.6028/jres.110.010 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 918CY UT WOS:000228518100003 PM 27308107 ER PT J AU Cook, LP Wong-Ng, W Feenstra, R AF Cook, LP Wong-Ng, W Feenstra, R TI Ba(OH)(2) equilibria in the system Ba-O-H-F, with application to the formation of Ba2YCu3O6.5+x from BaF2-precursors SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Ba2YCu3O6.5+x; BaF2; Ba(OH)(2); ex situ process; liquid; phase equilibria; pH(2)O; pHF; processing; superconductor; thermodynamic calculations ID THIN-FILMS; PHASE-RELATIONSHIPS; CURRENT-DENSITY; DEPOSITION; GROWTH; NUCLEATION; YBA2CU3OX; SRTIO3 AB The ex situ process for fabricating Ba2YCu3O6.5 (+) (x) superconducting tapes from BaF2-based precursors involves a hydration/oxidation reaction at approximate to 730 degrees C to 750 degrees C generally written as: (2 BaF2 + Y + 3 Cu)(amorphous) + (2 H2O + 2.25 O-2)(g) -> Ba2YCu3O6.5 (+) (x)(s) + 4 HF(g). However, microscopic observations of partially processed films suggest the presence of a transient liquid phase during conversion. Alternatively, the conversion reaction can be rewritten as the sum of several intermediate steps, including the formation of a barium hydroxide liquid: (BaF2)(amorphous) + 2 H2O(g) -> Ba(OH)(2)(liq) + 2 HF(g). To evaluate the possibility of a hydroxide liquid conversion step, thermodynamic calculations on the stability of Ba(OH)(2)(liq) have been completed from 500 degrees C to 900 degrees C at 0.1 MPa p(total). Based on currently available data, the calculated phase diagrams suggest that a viable hydroxide reaction path exists in the higher part of this temperature range. The calculations indicate that Ba(OH)(2)(liq) may be stable at log p(H2O) (Pa) values from approximate to 4 to 5, provided log p(HF) (Pa) values can be maintained below 0 to -1. Limited experimental confirmation is provided by results of an experiment on BaF2(s) at 815 degrees C, 0.1 MPa p(H2O), in which essentially all F at the surface was replaced by O. It is therefore possible that processing routes exist for producing Ba2YCu3O6.5 + x based on the presence of a Ba(OH)(2) liquid, which might have an effect on conversion rates and texturing in the superconducting film. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Cook, LP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lawrence.cook@nist.gov; winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov; f59@ornl.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 115 EP 126 DI 10.6028/jres.110.011 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 918CY UT WOS:000228518100004 PM 27308108 ER PT J AU Mitchell, WF AF Mitchell, WF TI Hamiltonian paths through two- and three-dimensional grids SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE adaptive grid refinement; Hamiltonian path; load balancing; refinement-tree partition AB This paper addresses the existence of Hamiltonian paths and cycles in two-dimensional grids consisting of triangles or quadrilaterals, and three-dimensional grids consisting of tetrahedra or hexahedra. The paths and cycles may be constrained to pass from one element to the next through an edge, through a vertex, or be unconstrained and pass through either. It was previously known that an unconstrained Hamiltonian path exists in a triangular grid under very mild conditions, and that there are triangular grids for which there is no through-edge Hamiltonian path. In this paper we prove that a through-vertex Hamiltonian cycle exists in any triangular or tetrahedral grid under very mild conditions, and that there exist quadrilateral and hexahedral grids for which no unconstrained Hamiltonian path exists. The existence proofs are constructive, and lead to an efficient algorithm for finding a through-vertex Hamiltonian cycle. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mitchell, WF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.mitchell@nist.gov NR 6 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 110 IS 2 BP 127 EP 136 DI 10.6028/jres.110.012 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 918CY UT WOS:000228518100005 PM 27308109 ER PT J AU Martys, NS AF Martys, NS TI Study of a dissipative particle dynamics based approach for modeling suspensions SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STOKESIAN DYNAMICS; COLLOIDAL DISPERSIONS; BROWNIAN SUSPENSIONS; HARD-SPHERES; SHEAR; SIMULATIONS; VISCOSITY; FLOW; FLUID; HYDRODYNAMICS AB In this paper, a dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) based approach for modeling suspensions is examined. A series of tests is applied comparing simulation results to well established theoretical predictions. The model recovers the dilute limit intrinsic viscosity prediction of Einstein and provides reasonable estimates of the Huggins coefficient for semidilute suspensions. At higher volume fractions, it was necessary to explicitly include lubrication forces into the algorithm as the usual DPD interactions are too weak to prevent overlaps of the rigid bodies and account for other related effects due to lubrication forces. Results were then compared with previous studies of dense hard sphere suspensions using the Stokesian dynamics method and experimental data. Comparison of relative viscosity values determined from strain controlled shearing versus stress controlled shearing simulations are also given. The flow of spheroidal objects is studied. The rotation of a single spheroid under shear is consistent with the predictions of Jeffery. Simulations of sheared spheroids at higher volume fractions produce an apparent nematic phase. An example is given of the application of DPD to model flow in another geometry, gravitational driven flow between parallel cylinders, which is of practical interest. (c) 2005 The Society of Rheology, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Struct Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Martys, NS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Struct Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nicos.martys@nist.gov NR 46 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 4 U2 31 PU JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 49 IS 2 BP 401 EP 424 DI 10.1122/1.1849187 PG 24 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 909GP UT WOS:000227848700004 ER PT J AU Polikhronidi, NG Batyrova, RG Abdulagatov, IM Magee, JW Stepanov, GV AF Polikhronidi, NG Batyrova, RG Abdulagatov, IM Magee, JW Stepanov, GV TI Isochoric heat capacity measurements for a CO2+n-decane mixture in the near-critical and supercritical regions SO JOURNAL OF SUPERCRITICAL FLUIDS LA English DT Article DE adiabatic calorimeter; carbon dioxide; coexistence curve; critical point; equation of state; Krichevskii parameter; isochoric heat capacity; n-decane; supercritical fluid mixture ID EQUILIBRIUM PHASE COMPOSITIONS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CRITICAL-POINT; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; VAPOR-LIQUID; KRICHEVSKII PARAMETERS; INTERFACIAL-TENSIONS; NITROGEN TETROXIDE; FLUID MIXTURES; N-ALKANES AB The isochoric heat capacity of a (0.7367 mole fraction) CO2 + (0.2633 mole fraction) n-decane mixture was measured in a range of temperatures from 362 to 577 K, at nine near-critical liquid and vapor densities between 298 and 521 kg m(-3) by using a high-temperature, high-pressure, nearly constant volume adiabatic calorimeter. The measurements were performed in both one- and two-phase regions including the vapor + liquid coexistence curve. Uncertainties of the heat capacity measurements are estimated to be 2% (in this work we use a coverage factor k = 2). The uncertainty in temperature is 10 mK and that for density measurements is 0.15%. The liquid and vapor one- (C'(V1), C"(V1)) and two-phase (C'(V2), C"(V2)) isochoric heat capacities, temperatures (T-S) and densities (rho(S)) at saturation were extracted from the experimental data for each filling density. The critical temperature (Tc = 509.71 0.2 K), the critical density (pc = 344.7 5 kg m(-3)), and the critical pressure (P-C = 15.37 +/- 0.5 MPa) for the (0.7367 mole fraction) CO2 + (0.2633 mole fraction) n-decane mixture were extracted from isochoric heat capacity measurements using the well-established method of quasi-static thermograms. The observed isochoric heat capacity along the critical isochore of the CO2 + n-decane mixture exhibits a renormalization of the critical behavior of C-V unlike that of the pure components. The ranges of conditions were defined, on the T-x plane for the critical isochore and the p-x plane for the critical isotherm, for which we observed renormalization of the critical behavior for isochoric heat capacity. The Krichevskii parameter for this mixture was calculated by using the critical loci for the mixture and vapor pressure data for the pure solvent (CO2), and the results are compared with published values. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Daegstan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Russia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Daegstan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Russia. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0896-8446 J9 J SUPERCRIT FLUID JI J. Supercrit. Fluids PD MAR PY 2005 VL 33 IS 3 BP 209 EP 222 DI 10.1016/j.supflu.2004.08.009 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Chemistry; Engineering GA 903FY UT WOS:000227412400002 ER PT J AU Voronovich, AG Ostashev, VE AF Voronovich, AG Ostashev, VE CA NPAL Grp TI Horizontal refraction of acoustic signals retrieved from the North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory billboard array data SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID MODAL TOMOGRAPHY; SOUND-PROPAGATION; RANGE; EDDIES; OCEAN AB In 1998-1999, a comprehensive low-frequency long-range sound propagation experiment was carried out by the North Pacific, Acoustic Laboratory (NPAL). In this paper, the data recorded during the experiment by a, billboard acoustic array were used to compute the horizontal refraction of the arriving acoustic signals using both ray- and mode-based approaches. The results obtained by these two approaches are consistent. The acoustic signals exhibited weak (if any) regular horizontal refraction throughut most of the experiment. However, it increased up to 0.4 deg (the sound rays were bent towards the south) at the beginning and the end of the experiment. These increases occurred during midspring to midsummer time and seemed to reflect seasonal trends in the horizontal gradients of the sound speed. The measured standard deviation of the horizontal refraction angles was about 0.37 deg, which is close to an estimate of this standard deviation calculated using 3D modal theory of low-frequency sound propagation through internal gravity waves. (c) 2005 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Voronovich, AG (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM alexander.voronovich@noaa.gov RI Howe, Bruce/J-2807-2012; OI Howe, Bruce/0000-0001-5711-5253; Cornuelle, Bruce/0000-0003-2110-3319 NR 24 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 117 IS 3 BP 1527 EP 1537 DI 10.1121/1.1854435 PN 2 PG 11 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 905NG UT WOS:000227574800004 ER PT J AU Guin, JP Wiederhorn, SM Fett, T AF Guin, JP Wiederhorn, SM Fett, T TI Crack-tip structure in soda-lime-silicate glass SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; DRILLED COMPRESSION SPECIMEN; STATIC FATIGUE LIMIT; FRACTURE SURFACE; SIO2 GLASS; ROUGHNESS; GEOMETRY; GROWTH; ENERGY AB The topology of crack tips in soda-lime-silicate glass was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Studies were conducted on cracks that were first propagated in water and then subjected to stress intensity factors either at or below the crack growth threshold. Exposure to loads at the crack growth threshold resulted in long delays to restart crack growth after increasing the stress intensity factor to higher values. After breaking the fracture specimen in two, the "upper" and "lower" fracture surfaces were mapped and compared using AFM. Fracture surfaces matched to an accuracy of better than 0.5 nm normal to the fracture plane and 5 nm within the fracture plane. Displacements between the upper and lower fracture surfaces that developed after a critical holding time were independent of distance from the crack tip, and increased with holding time. Despite the surface displacement, crack tips appeared to be sharp. Results are discussed in terms of a hydronium ion-alkali ion exchange along the crack surfaces and corrosion of the glass surface near the crack tip by hydroxyl ions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mat Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Wiederhorn, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sheldon.wieder-horn@nist.gov RI guin, jean-pierre/A-5969-2009 OI guin, jean-pierre/0000-0003-2480-5893 NR 39 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3 BP 652 EP 659 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00108.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 909JV UT WOS:000227857100025 ER PT J AU Garcia, RE Langer, SA Carter, WC AF Garcia, RE Langer, SA Carter, WC TI Finite element implementation of a thermodynamic description of piezoelectric microstructures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FERROELECTRIC CERAMICS; COMPOSITE-MATERIALS; BARIUM TITANATE; CONSTANTS; POLYCRYSTALS; MODULI; FILMS AB A model and numerical framework is developed for piezoelectric materials. The model treats the piezoelectric and electrostrictive effects by incorporating orientation-dependent, single-crystal properties. The method is implemented in Object Oriented Finite Element program, a public domain finite element code, so it can be applied to arbitrary two-dimensional microstructures with crystallographic anisotropy. The model is validated against analytic solutions. Consistency of the method for known cases permits application of the technique to more complicated two-dimensional systems. The piezoelectric and electrostrictive response is determined for a few simple device geometries and provides insight for design and convergence criteria. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 01239 USA. RP Garcia, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM redwing@alum.mit.edu RI Carter, W/K-2406-2012 NR 38 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3 BP 742 EP 749 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00140.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 909JV UT WOS:000227857100038 ER PT J AU Garcia, RE Carter, WC Langer, SA AF Garcia, RE Carter, WC Langer, SA TI The effect of texture and microstructure on the macroscopic properties of polycrystalline piezoelectrics: Application to barium titanate and PZN-PT SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; ORIENTATION; CERAMICS; CRYSTAL AB The effects of crystallographic texture and microstructure are analyzed for polycrystalline tetragonal BaTiO3, pseudotetragonal PZN-PT, and cubic BaTiO3. For tetragonal BaTiO3 and pseudotetragonal PZN-PT, we demonstrate that a high anisotropy of the single-crystal properties induces an apparent enhancement in the macroscopic piezoelectric response. For tetragonal BaTiO3, the predicted macroscopic piezoelectric constants d(31) and d(33) are enhanced with respect to its single-crystal value at the expense of the spatial contributions from d(15). For samples possessing fiber texture, an optimal response is predicted for samples that are not perfectly textured. Similarly, an apparent enhancement of the macroscopic value of d15 is predicted for PZN-PT. For cubic BaTiO3, the low anisotropy of the underlying crystal properties induces a uniform decrease of the macroscopic electrostrictive constant, Q(11), with decreasing texture. A completely random polycrystal provides 0.85 +/- 0.05 times its single-crystal response. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 01239 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Garcia, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM redwing@alum.mit.edu RI Carter, W/K-2406-2012 NR 33 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 88 IS 3 BP 750 EP 757 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00109.x PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 909JV UT WOS:000227857100039 ER PT J AU Thompson, DWJ Baldwin, MP Solomon, S AF Thompson, DWJ Baldwin, MP Solomon, S TI Stratosphere-troposphere coupling in the Southern Hemisphere SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; ANNULAR MODES; PROPAGATION; VARIABILITY; OSCILLATION; REANALYSIS; ATMOSPHERE; WARMINGS; WINTER AB This study examines the temporal evolution of the tropospheric circulation following large-amplitude variations in the strength of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric polar vortex in data from 1979 to 2001 and following the SH sudden stratospheric warming of 2002. In both cases, anomalies in the strength of the SH stratospheric polar vortex precede similarly signed anomalies in the tropospheric circulation that persist for more than 2 months. The SH tropospheric circulation anomalies reflect a bias in the polarity of the SH annular mode (SAM), a large-scale pattern of climate variability characterized by fluctuations in the strength of the SH circumpolar flow. Consistent with the climate impacts of the SAM, variations in the stratospheric polar vortex are also followed by coherent changes in surface temperatures throughout much of Antarctica. The results add to a growing body of evidence that suggests that stratospheric variability plays an important role in driving climate variability at Earth's surface on a range of time scales. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NW Res Associates Inc, Bellevue, WA 98009 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeronomy Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM davet@atmos.colostate.edu RI Thompson, David/F-9627-2012; Baldwin, Mark/J-6720-2012 NR 28 TC 99 Z9 103 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 708 EP 715 DI 10.1175/JAS-3321.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 911NU UT WOS:000228012100012 ER PT J AU Kondragunta, S Flynn, LE Neuendorffer, A Miller, AJ Long, C Nagatani, R Zhou, S Beck, T Beach, E McPeters, R Stolarski, R Bhartia, PK DeLand, MT Huang, LK AF Kondragunta, S Flynn, LE Neuendorffer, A Miller, AJ Long, C Nagatani, R Zhou, S Beck, T Beach, E McPeters, R Stolarski, R Bhartia, PK DeLand, MT Huang, LK TI Vertical structure of the anomalous 2002 Antarctic ozone hole SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DATA SET; WINTER; TOMS; METEOROLOGY; MORPHOLOGY AB Ozone estimates from observations by the NOAA-16 Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet (SBUV/2) instrument and Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS-N) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) are used to describe the vertical structure of ozone in the anomalous 2002 polar vortex. The SBUV/2 total ozone maps show that the ozone hole was pushed off the Pole and split into two halves due to a split in the midstratospheric polar vortex in late September. The vortex split and the associated transport of high ozone from midlatitudes to the polar region reduced the ozone hole area from IS X 106 km(2) on 20 September to 3 x 10(6) km(2) on 27 September 2002. A 23-yr time series of SBUV/2 daily zonal mean total ozone amounts between 70 degrees and 80 degrees S shows record high values [385 Dobson units (DU)] during the late-September 2002 warming event. The transport and descent of high ozone from low latitudes to high latitudes between 60 and 15 mb contributed to the unusual increase in total column ozone and a small ozone hole estimated using the standard criterion (area with total ozone < 220 DU). In contrast, TOVS observations show an ozone-depleted region between 0 and 24 km, indicating that ozone destruction was present in the elongated but unsplit vortex in the lower stratosphere. During the warming event, the low-ozone regions in the middle and upper stratosphere were not vertically aligned with the low-ozone regions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. This offset in the vertical distribution of ozone resulted in higher total column ozone masking the ozone depletion in the lower stratosphere and resulting in a smaller ozone hole size estimate from satellite total ozone data. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NOAA, NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RS Informat Syst Inc, Mclean, VA USA. DSTI, Rockville, MD USA. SSAI, Greenbelt, MD USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Shoblia.Kondragunta@noaa.gov RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Beach, Eric/F-5576-2010; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013; Bhartia, Pawan/A-4209-2016 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462; Bhartia, Pawan/0000-0001-8307-9137 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 EI 1520-0469 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 801 EP 811 DI 10.1175/JAS-3324.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 911NU UT WOS:000228012100020 ER PT J AU Aoki, T Tanaka, TY Uchiyama, A Chiba, M Mikami, M Yabuki, S Key, JRR AF Aoki, T Tanaka, TY Uchiyama, A Chiba, M Mikami, M Yabuki, S Key, JRR TI Sensitivity experiments of direct radiative forcing caused by mineral dust simulated with a chemical transport model SO JOURNAL OF THE METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SAHARAN DUST; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; SIZE DISTRIBUTION; CLIMATE RESPONSE; SOLAR SPECTRUM; PACIFIC REGION; HEATING RATES; AEROSOL; ABSORPTION AB Sensitivity experiments of direct radiative forcing (RF) caused by mineral dust (MD) for the optical and physical properties of MD, surface albedo, solar zenith angle, and cloud cover were conducted using the Streamer-based Radiative Transfer Model for ADEC Sciences (SRTMAS). The atmospheric and dust profiles were simulated with a chemical transport model at four locations: the sea off Japan, the desert in Tarim Basin, the Sahara Desert, and snow in Siberia. The optimum calculation condition to estimate RIP was also tested for the effect of the number of streams used in SRTMAS on the accuracy of RIP by MD and the influence of all aerosols other than MD on RF by MD or all aerosols. When several types of aerosols are contained in the atmosphere, the test results showed that the RF by MD should not be calculated from the difference in net radiation between MD-only case and an aerosol-free case, but the difference in net radiation between a case containing all aerosols and a case containing all aerosols except MD. The experiment results by this method confirmed that the sensitivity of instantaneous RF in the shortwave (SW) region at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) to the refractive index strongly depends on surface albedo. Namely, the effect of the difference in the MD model on instantaneous RIP is significant over high albedo surfaces and is relatively small over the sea. This is because the multiple reflection between the atmosphere (dust) and surface enhances light absorption by dust particles over high albedo surfaces. Over desert surfaces, the instantaneous RF in SW at TOA produced both positive and negative values within the possible refractive index range of MD. The diurnally averaged RF in SW at TOA also produced both positive and negative values in the possible range of desert albedo. The effect of the spectral distribution of surface albedo on RFs in SW for the TOA, surface, and atmosphere was examined for various surfaces. It was found that for small dust particles with an effective radius of less than 0.6 mu m, RFs by MD changed depending on the difference in surface type even if the broadband albedo was the same. This is due to the contrast of spectral distribution between albedo and the extinction coefficient of MD. The vertical positional relationship of cloud cover to dust layer was also very important for RF at TOA in all spectral regions over desert and sea surfaces. However, the effect of cloud cover was generally small over snow surface because cloud albedo was close to the underlying snow albedo. C1 Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 35101, Japan. NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. RP Meteorol Res Inst, 1-1 Nagamine, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. EM teaoki@mri-jma.go.jp RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; mikami, masao/P-9062-2014; OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; Tanaka, Taichu Yasumichi/0000-0003-0600-2122 NR 50 TC 26 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 5 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JAPAN PI TOKYO PA C/O JAPAN METEOROLOGICAL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 0026-1165 EI 2186-9057 J9 J METEOROL SOC JPN JI J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 83A BP 315 EP 331 DI 10.2151/jmsj.83A.315 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 945GD UT WOS:000230490100020 ER PT J AU Ajdelsztajn, L Tang, F Kim, GE Provenzano, V Schoenung, JM AF Ajdelsztajn, L Tang, F Kim, GE Provenzano, V Schoenung, JM TI Synthesis and oxidation behavior of nanocrystalline MCrAlY bond coatings SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Thermal Spray Conference (ITSC 2003) CY MAY 05-08, 2003 CL Orlando, FL DE high-velocity oxyfuel; MCrAlY; nanocrystalline coatings; oxidation behavior ID THERMAL BARRIER COATINGS; ELECTRON-BEAM TREATMENT; OXIDE SCALE GROWTH; FAILURE; COATS AB Thermal barrier coating systems protect turbine blades against high-temperature corrosion and oxidation. They consist of a metal bond coat (MCrAlY, M = Ni, Co) and a ceramic top layer (ZrO2/Y2O3). In this work, the oxidation behavior of conventional and nanostructured high-velocity oxyfuel (HVOF) NiCrAlY coatings has been compared. Commercially available NiCrAlY powder was mechanically cryomilled and HVOF sprayed on a nickel alloy foil to form a nanocrystalline coating. Freestanding bodies of conventional and nanostructured HVOF NiCrAlY coatings were oxidized at 1000 degrees C for different time periods to form the thermally grown oxide layer. The experiments show an improvement in oxidation resistance in the nanostructured coating when compared with that of the conventional one. The observed behavior is a result of the formation of a continuous Al2O3 layer on the surface of the nanostructured HVOF NiCrAlY coating. This layer protects the coating from further oxidation and avoids the formation of mixed oxide protrusions present in the conventional coating. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ajdelsztajn, L (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM lajd@ucdavis.edu NR 24 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 15 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 14 IS 1 BP 23 EP 30 DI 10.1361/10599630522693 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 905OC UT WOS:000227577200004 ER PT J AU Arnold, WS Hitchcock, GL Frischer, ME Wanninkhof, R Sheng, YP AF Arnold, WS Hitchcock, GL Frischer, ME Wanninkhof, R Sheng, YP TI Dispersal of an introduced larval cohort in a coastal lagoon SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MARINE INVERTEBRATE; BIVALVE LARVAE; CONSEQUENCES; POPULATIONS; EXCHANGE; BEHAVIOR; STRATIFICATION; ADVECTION; TRANSPORT; TRACKING AB Patterns of larval dispersal influence the structure of marine biological communities, but many aspects of larval dispersal remain poorly understood. For example, much of our present understanding of larval dispersal is based on models that integrate aspects of physical oceanography and larval biology, but the predictions of those models are generally not tested because we lack the methodology for real-time larval tracking. In the present study, we used both modeled and measured data to track an introduced larval cohort essentially from fertilization to presumed settlement. Larvae of the hard clam Mercenaria were released into a labeled water parcel in the Banana River Lagoon, Florida, within 8.5 h of nursery production and then were tracked for the duration of their estimated 8-d pelagic life span. Comparisons of modeled versus measured larval distribution indicate that the fate of the larvae as predicted by a tracer model and by the concentration of coincidentally released sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) did not agree with the fate of the larvae as predicted by the path of subsurface drifters and by a particle trajectory model. Thus, modeled predictions of larval dispersal must be interpreted with care. Additionally, one component of larval dispersal that was observed in the study but that was not accounted for in the model was the spread of larvae along the path of advection. That trail of larvae may have important consequences for patterns of recruitment and resultant community structure, but it is not considered in most treatments of larval dispersal. C1 Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Civil & Coastal Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Arnold, WS (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, 100 8th Ave SE, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 49 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 50 IS 2 BP 587 EP 597 PG 11 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 909BZ UT WOS:000227835200019 ER PT J AU Hare, MP Weinberg, JR AF Hare, MP Weinberg, JR TI Phylogeography of surfclams, Spisula solidissima, in the western North Atlantic based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-STRUCTURE; AMERICAN OYSTER; GENE FLOW; DISTINGUISHING MIGRATION; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; MARINE-INVERTEBRATES; PAIRWISE DIFFERENCES; DELMARVA PENINSULA AB The Atlantic surfclam, Spisula solidissima (Dillwyn), is broadly distributed in sandy sediments of the western North Atlantic between the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Gulf of Mexico. In the United States, a substantial commercial fishery between Long Island and Cape Hatteras harvests offshore populations of one subspecies, S. s. solidissima. A smaller coastal form, S. s. similis Say (also known as S. s. raveneli Conrad), has a partially sympatric geographic distribution, but differs in several life-history characteristics. DNA sequence variation in mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and in introns at two nuclear calmodulin loci was examined to measure genetic divergence between the two subspecies and to test for population structure among populations of S. s. solidissima. Surfclams were collected from seven localities between 1994 and 2001. Based on both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA variation, the two subspecies of S. solidissima are reciprocally monophyletic, with a net COI divergence of 13.9%, indicating long-term reproductive isolation. The only significant differentiation among populations of S. s. solidissima (based on an AMOVA analysis of COI sequences) was between the Gulf of St. Lawrence and more southerly populations. A long internal branch in the S. s. solidissima genealogy coupled with low haplotype diversity in the northern-most population suggests that populations north and south of Nova Scotia have been isolated from each other in the past, with gene exchange more recently. Populations of S. s. similis from Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts had a net COI divergence of 9.2%. Thus, diversification of Spisula spp. clams in the western North Atlantic involved an early adaptive divergence between coastal and offshore forms, with later barriers to dispersal emerging in the offshore form from north to south and in the coastal form between Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico populations. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Hare, MP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Biol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM matthare@umd.edu NR 83 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 146 IS 4 BP 707 EP 716 DI 10.1007/s00227-004-1471-y PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 903RC UT WOS:000227442300008 ER PT J AU Barr, BW AF Barr, BW TI Management applications of telemetry in US National Marine sanctuaries and other marine protected areas SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Off Director, Washington, DC USA. RP Barr, BW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Off Director, Washington, DC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 81 EP 82 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 926NF UT WOS:000229129200012 ER PT J AU Liu, JT Banovic, SW Biancaniello, FS Jiggetts, RD AF Liu, JT Banovic, SW Biancaniello, FS Jiggetts, RD TI Through-thickness texture gradient in an annealed Al-Mg alloy sheet SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ORIENTATION DISTRIBUTION FUNCTION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; RECRYSTALLIZATION TEXTURES; ROLLING TEXTURES; ROLLED ALUMINUM; CONTINUOUS CAST; FCC METALS; COPPER; INHOMOGENEITY; DEFORMATION AB Through-thickness crystallographic texture of a rolled and subsequently annealed Al-Mg continuous cast (CC) alloy was examined. Results showed that the annealed sheet developed a through-thickness texture gradient with the form of a stronger cube texture at the surface when compared to the center layers and varied R orientations through the thickness. While the through-thickness texture gradient was not attributed to the shear related texture, it was still related to the extent of deformation within the sheet. C1 ALCOA, Ctr Tech, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, JT (reprint author), ALCOA, Ctr Tech, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. EM jiantao.liu@alcoa.com NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 36A IS 3A BP 869 EP 874 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 904XG UT WOS:000227531300017 ER PT J AU Sahiner, MA Downey, DF Novak, SW Woicik, JC Arena, DA AF Sahiner, MA Downey, DF Novak, SW Woicik, JC Arena, DA TI The local structural characterization of the inactive clusters in B, BF2 and BF3 implanted Si wafers using X-ray techniques SO MICROELECTRONICS JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Low Dimensional Structures and Devices (LDSD 2004) CY DEC 12-17, 2004 CL Cancun, MEXICO SP CINVESTAV, CLAF, USAF Off Sci Res, USAF Res Lab, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev DE dopant deactivation; XAFS; dopant clustering in silicon ID ABSORPTION; SILICON; SB AB Characterization of the inactive clusters formed by high dose implantation silicon are one of the crucial topics in the semiconductor industry. Analytical techniques, which could provide quantitative information on the detailed description of the complexes that are formed at dopant concentrations above solid solubility levels, are valuable to post-implantation researchers. Previously, X-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy (XAFS) studies of the As and Sb implanted Si wafers revealed not only that of the chemical nature of clusters, but also the arsenic case, the ratio of the precipitated versus the substitutional form of the As in the system [ 1,2]. In this study, we have used F K-edge and Ge K-edge (for the Ge pre-amorphized wafers) XAFS in order to probe the nature and of the clusters in B, BF2 and BF3 implanted Si wafers. Implants with various doses and implant energies were subjected to various annealing techniques such as laser annealing, spike annealing, solid state phase epitaxy, and flash annealing and the evolution of the spectral features of the clusters were followed upon annealing. The theoretical multiple scattering XAFS calculations were performed in order to correlate the spectral features in the XAFS data with the near-neighbor configuration around the main absorbing atom. The identification and the relative weight of the clusters after different annealing conditions will be presented in order to provide insight to the optimum annealing conditions in these systems. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07746 USA. Varian Semicond Equipment Associates, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. Evans E, E Windsor, NJ 08520 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Sahiner, MA (reprint author), Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07746 USA. EM sahineme@shu.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-2692 J9 MICROELECTRON J JI Microelectron. J. PD MAR-JUN PY 2005 VL 36 IS 3-6 BP 522 EP 526 DI 10.1016/j.mejo.2005.02.095 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933XK UT WOS:000229666000096 ER PT J AU Suehle, JS Zhu, B Chen, Y Bernstein, JB AF Suehle, JS Zhu, B Chen, Y Bernstein, JB TI Detailed study and projection of hard breakdown evolution in ultra-thin gate oxides SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article AB The mechanism responsible for post-soft breakdown leakage current increase in ultra-thin oxides depends on the nature of the conducting filament formed at the instant of dielectric breakdown. The conductance of the filament formed during soft breakdown has been observed to be either stable until hard breakdown occurs or to increase continually with time. The acceleration factors for predicting hard breakdown are different in each case. Recent experimental results suggest that the "hardness" of the first breakdown influences the type of conducting filament formed during the soft breakdown event the time in which hard breakdown subsequently occurs. Electron current-induced defect formation appears to be the driving force for the eventual hard breakdown event. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Jet Prop Lab, Elect Parts Engn Off, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Suehle, JS (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.suehle@nist.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 3-4 BP 419 EP 426 DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2004.10.018 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 898DJ UT WOS:000227056000002 ER PT J AU Westerman, ME Buonaccorsi, VP Stannard, JA Galver, L Taylor, C Lynn, EA Kimbrell, CA Vetter, RD AF Westerman, ME Buonaccorsi, VP Stannard, JA Galver, L Taylor, C Lynn, EA Kimbrell, CA Vetter, RD TI Cloning and characterization of novel microsatellite DNA markers for the grass rockfish, Sebastes rastrelliger, and cross-species amplification in 10 related Sebastes spp SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE microsatellite DNA; rockfish; Sebastes AB Here we report development and characterization of seven. polymorphic loci derived from grass rockfish (Sebastes rastrelliger) genomic DNA phagemid libraries enriched for microsatellite motifs. Within grass rockfish, average allelic diversity was 11.3 alleles per locus and average heterozygosity was 0.73. The seven loci also were surveyed in 10 related species of Sebastes where allelic diversity ranged from highly polymorphic to monomorphic. Deviations from Hardy-Weinberg were nonsignificant in all but one species/locus combination suggesting low occurrence of null alleles. Significant linkage disequilibrium was detected among three loci, but these events were limited to a single species in each case. C1 NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Westerman, ME (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM mwesterman@kentseatech.com NR 5 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD MAR PY 2005 VL 5 IS 1 BP 74 EP 76 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2004.00837.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 905VJ UT WOS:000227598500025 ER PT J AU Cox, JAW Steenburgh, WJ Kingsmill, DE Shafer, JC Colle, BA Bousquet, O Smull, BF Cai, HQ AF Cox, JAW Steenburgh, WJ Kingsmill, DE Shafer, JC Colle, BA Bousquet, O Smull, BF Cai, HQ TI The kinematic structure of a Wasatch Mountain winter storm during IPEX IOP3 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER; DEEP OROGRAPHIC STORMS; SAN-JUAN MOUNTAINS; SIERRA-NEVADA; DOPPLER RADAR; CLOUD-WATER; AIR-FLOW; PRECIPITATION DEVELOPMENT; MESOSCALE STRUCTURE; NORTHERN COLORADO AB The influence of orographic circulations on the precipitation structure of a Wasatch Mountain winter storm is examined using observations collected during the third intensive observing period (IOP3) of the Intermountain Precipitation Experiment (IPEX). The event featured the passage of a midlevel (700-550 hPa) trough followed 3 h later by a surface trough. Prior to and during the midlevel trough passage, large-scale southwesterly flow impinged on the Wasatch Mountains. Low-level confluence was observed between this southwesterly flow and along-barrier southerly flow within 20-40 km of the Wasatch Mountains. This confluence zone, which moved toward the Wasatch Mountains during and following the passage of the midlevel trough, was accompanied by low-level convergence and precipitation enhancement over the upstream lowlands. Dual-Doppler analysis revealed the presence of a shallow along-barrier jet near the base of the Wasatch Mountains that was surmounted by southwesterly cross-barrier flow at mid- and upper-mountain levels. This cross-barrier flow produced strong (1-2 m s(-1)) ascent as it interacted with the steep windward slopes of the Wasatch Mountains, where precipitation was roughly double that observed in the lowlands upstream. Flow deflection and splitting were also observed near the highest terrain features. A narrow region of strong subsidence, which at times exceeded 2 m s(-1), was found to the lee of the Wasatch and, based on radar imagery, appeared to modulate hydrometeor spillover aloft. Processes contributing to the evolution of the near-barrier flow field, including topographic blocking, diabatic effects, and surface friction contrasts, are discussed. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Utah, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Reg Predict, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terrestrial & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Cox, JAW (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, 135 South,1460 East,Room 819, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM jacox@met.utah.edu NR 63 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 133 IS 3 BP 521 EP 542 DI 10.1175/MWR-2875.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 910SW UT WOS:000227953500003 ER PT J AU Ravichandran, V Sriram, RD AF Ravichandran, V Sriram, RD TI Toward data standards for proteomics SO NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Mfg Metrol & Stand Hlth Care Enterprise Program, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ravichandran, V (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Metrol & Stand Hlth Care Enterprise Program, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vravi@cme.nist.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1707 USA SN 1087-0156 J9 NAT BIOTECHNOL JI Nat. Biotechnol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 373 EP 376 DI 10.1038/nbt0305-373 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 906IW UT WOS:000227635400029 PM 15765093 ER PT J AU Johnson, SW Thedinga, JF AF Johnson, SW Thedinga, JF TI Fish use and size of eelgrass meadows in southeastern Alaska: A baseline for long-term assessment of biotic change SO NORTHWEST SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID PUGET SOUND; BAY; ABUNDANCE; CALIFORNIA; COMMUNITIES; SEAGRASSES; DIVERSITY; SUBSTRATE; DIEL AB Eelgrass meadows at six sites in southeastern Alaska were sampled for fish assemblages and mapped to establish a baseline of information for long-term assessment of biotic change. All sites were sampled in spring 2001, 2002, and 2003: four of the sites were also sampled in winter 2003. A total of 44 seine hauls from all sampling periods yielded 58,902 fish comprising 45 species. Fish abundance in spring differed significantly among sites but not among years. The most abundant commercially important or forage fish species captured were chum salmon, Pacific herring. pink salmon, coho salmon, and Pacific sand lance: mean size of each of these species was <= 100 mm FL. For those sites sampled seasonally in 2003, fish were significantly more abundant in spring than in winter. At each site, three different species accounted for most (>= 69%) of the total catch. Size of eelgrass meadows varied annually; maximum percent change in area ranged from -13% to +27%. Eelgrass density ranged from 336 shoots/m(2) to 1,544 shoots/m(2), and dry biomass ranged from 36 g/m(2) to 71 g/m(2). Periodic re-sampling of the eelgrass sites established in this study will allow resource managers to track long-term and large-scale changes in fish communities and habitat that may result from shoreline development or global climate change. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Johnson, SW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM scott.johnson@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 16 PU WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PI PULLMAN PA PO BOX 645020, PULLMAN, WA 99164-5910 USA SN 0029-344X J9 NORTHWEST SCI JI Northwest Sci. PD SPR PY 2005 VL 79 IS 2-3 BP 141 EP 155 PG 15 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 995PE UT WOS:000234115500006 ER PT J AU Vershinin, AO Moruchkov, AA Leighfield, T Sukhanova, IN Pan'kov, SL Morton, SL Ramsdell, JS AF Vershinin, AO Moruchkov, AA Leighfield, T Sukhanova, IN Pan'kov, SL Morton, SL Ramsdell, JS TI Potentially toxic algae in the coastal phytoplankton of the northeast Black Sea in 2001-2002 SO OCEANOLOGY LA English DT Article AB During the period from June 2000 to April 2002, phytoplankton monitoring was carried out at three stations located on the Black Sea shore of the Caucasus. In the coastal phytoplankton of the Northeast Black Sea, 93 species belonging to 7 classes were found. Thirteen species from this list are known as toxic according to data obtained in other seas. Two species of diatoms, namely, Pseudo-nitzschia pseudodelicatissima and R pungens (their abundance in June 2001 was 693 x 10(3) cells/l) were identified. They are capable of causing amnesic shellfish poisoning; the manifestation of their toxic properties depends on the environmental conditions. A check of the corresponding mussel samples for the content of amnesic toxin such as domoic acid gave a negative result. In the summer of 2001, in the Black Sea, a dinoflagellate belonging to the Alexandrium genus was encountered for the first time. Many species of this genus can be a reason for the lethally dangerous paralytic shellfish poisoning. In February of 2002, hatching of cysts and a population outburst of Alexandrium spp. (4.5 x 10(3) cells/l) were observed. During the period from April to November, in the phytoplankton, species belonging to the Dinophysis genus, namely, D. rotundata, D. caudata, D. acuminata, D. hastata, D. fortii, D. norvegica, D. tripos, and D. sacculus (up to 3 x 10(3) cells/l), occurred during the period of the spring phytoplankton bloom. They are all known to be producers of toxins causing diarrhetic shellfish poisoning. The epiphytic dinophlagellate Prorocentrum lima was intermittently present in the samples collected during the period from May to November (the maximum abundance in September of 2001 was 400 cells/l). It was introduced into a laboratory culture and produced diarrhetic toxins, namely, okadaic acid and Dinophysis-toxin 1. P. lima is dangerous because it grows on macroalgae fouling mussels and oysters, including those in commercial mariculture. All the samples of mussel tissues taken in the summer of 2001 contained diarrhetic toxins that most likely originated from P lima. The toxin concentrations in the mussels did not exceed 0.2 μ g/g, of tissue and were lower than the maximum permissible concentration accepted in the European Community and Canada. The mixotrophic ichthyotoxic dinophlagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides, which was first encountered off the Russian coast, featured a bloom in the area off Utrish in August of 2001 (the maximum abundance was up to 70 x 10(3) cells/l; the biomass was up to 620 μ g/l) and should be considered as a risk-factor for the caged fish aquaculture in the Black Sea. C1 Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. Bolshoi Utrish Expt Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Anapa, Russia. RP Vershinin, AO (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 0001-4370 J9 OCEANOLOGY+ JI Oceanology PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 45 IS 2 BP 224 EP 232 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 925YZ UT WOS:000229091000009 ER PT J AU Foreman, SM Marian, A Ye, J Petrukhin, EA Gubin, MA Mucke, OD Wong, FNC Ippen, EP Kartner, FX AF Foreman, SM Marian, A Ye, J Petrukhin, EA Gubin, MA Mucke, OD Wong, FNC Ippen, EP Kartner, FX TI Demonstration of a HeNe/CH4-based optical molecular clock SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENVELOPE PHASE-CONTROL; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; FREQUENCY STANDARDS; FEMTOSECOND LASER; GENERATION; STABILITY; COMB; ACCURACY AB We implement a simple optical clock based on the F-2((2)) [P(7), v(3)] optical transition in methane. A single femtosecond laser's frequency comb undergoes difference frequency generation to provide an IR comb at 3.39 mum with a null carrier-envelope offset. This IR comb provides a phase-coherent link between the 88-THz optical reference and the rf repetition rate. Comparison of the repetition rate signal with a second femtosecond comb stabilized to molecular iodine shows an instability of 1.2 x 10(-13) at 1 s, limited by microwave detection of the repetition rates. The single-sideband phase noise of the microwave signal, normalized to a carrier frequency of 1 GHz, is below -93 dBc/Hz at 1-Hz offset. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. PN Lebedev Phys Inst, Moscow 119991, Russia. MIT, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Elect Res Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Foreman, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM foreman@colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 14 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 5 BP 570 EP 572 DI 10.1364/OL.30.000570 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 902QO UT WOS:000227371800040 PM 15789739 ER PT J AU Lyons, ET DeLong, RL AF Lyons, ET DeLong, RL TI Photomicrographic images of some features of Uncinaria spp (Nematoda : Ancylostomatidae) from otariid pinnipeds SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SEA LIONS; FUR SEALS; HOOKWORMS AB Photomicrographs of several morphologic features of hookworms (Uncinaria spp) from northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups are presented. The main purpose is to show and describe some physical characteristics of hookworms from the two hosts; it is not to decide from these attributes whether the Uncinaria spp are the same species. The number of species of Uncinaria in pinnipeds is uncertain and specimens need to be examined from the various infected seals and sea lions before the taxonomy of these parasites can be clarified. Information in the present paper should aid in this determination. C1 Univ Kentucky, Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lyons, ET (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM elyons1@uky.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 95 IS 5 BP 346 EP 352 DI 10.1007/s00436-005-1308-8 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 907SF UT WOS:000227737500009 PM 15719261 ER PT J AU Bach, R Burnett, K d'Arcy, MB Gardiner, SA AF Bach, R Burnett, K d'Arcy, MB Gardiner, SA TI Quantum-mechanical cumulant dynamics near stable periodic orbits in phase space: Application to the classical-like dynamics of quantum accelerator modes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DELTA-KICKED ROTOR; ATOM-OPTICS BILLIARDS; WAVE-PACKET DYNAMICS; MOMENTUM DISTRIBUTIONS; SEMICLASSICAL DYNAMICS; STANDING-WAVE; CHAOS; LOCALIZATION; SYSTEM; DECOHERENCE AB We formulate a general method for the study of semiclassical-like dynamics in stable regions of a mixed phase space, in order to theoretically study the dynamics of quantum accelerator modes. In the simplest case, this involves determining solutions, which are stable when constrained to remain pure-state Gaussian wave packets, and then propagating them using a cumulant-based formalism. Using this methodology, we study the relative longevity, under different parameter regimes, of quantum accelerator modes. Within this attractively simple formalism, we are able to obtain good qualitative agreement with exact wave-function dynamics. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Ctr Theoret Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Oxford, Dept Phys, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bach, R (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Ctr Theoret Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RI Gardiner, Simon/B-2060-2013 OI Gardiner, Simon/0000-0001-5939-4612 NR 76 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 033417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.033417 PN B PG 20 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QK UT WOS:000228632400023 ER PT J AU Bolda, EL Tiesinga, E Julienne, PS AF Bolda, EL Tiesinga, E Julienne, PS TI Ultracold dimer association induced by a far-off-resonance optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ATOMS; COLLISIONS AB We investigate a process by which an optical lattice potential can transfer two unbound ultracold atoms in a lattice site to an untrapped dimer. The transition is mediated by the anharmonic terms in the lattice potential, which couple the relative and center-of-mass coordinates of the two atoms. We calculate the rate of decay from the ground state in a lattice cell to the last bound dimer state as a function of the s-wave scattering length and optical lattice depth. The decay rate has a maximum value of 9x10(-6)E(R)/h, where E-R is the atomic recoil energy. Consequently typical molecular production rates are much smaller than 1 s(-1). Explicit results are given for Cs-133 atoms tuned near a Feshbach resonance. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bolda, EL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 033404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.033404 PN B PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QK UT WOS:000228632400010 ER PT J AU Ciurylo, R Tiesinga, E Julienne, PS AF Ciurylo, R Tiesinga, E Julienne, PS TI Optical tuning of the scattering length of cold alkaline-earth-metal atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; RESONANT LIGHT; COLLISIONS; MOLECULES AB It is possible to tune the scattering length for the collision of ultracold S-1(0) ground-state alkaline-earth-metal atoms using an optical Feshbach resonance. This is achieved with a laser far detuned from an excited molecular level near the frequency of the atomic intercombination S-1(0)-P-3(1) transition. Simple resonant-scattering theory, illustrated by the example of Ca-40, allows an estimate of the magnitude of the effect. Unlike alkali metal species, large changes of the scattering length are possible while atom loss remains small, because of the very narrow linewidth of the molecular photoassociation transition. This raises prospects for control of atomic interactions for a system without magnetically tunable Feshbach resonance levels. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Inst Phys, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RP Ciurylo, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ciurylo, Roman/G-8680-2014; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 25 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 030701 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.030701 PN A PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QH UT WOS:000228632100003 ER PT J AU Negrevergne, C Somma, R Ortiz, G Knill, E Laflamme, R AF Negrevergne, C Somma, R Ortiz, G Knill, E Laflamme, R TI Liquid-state NMR simulations of quantum many-body problems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION; UNIVERSAL; COMPUTERS; SYSTEMS; GATES AB Recently developed quantum algorithms suggest that in principle, quantum computers can solve problems such as simulation of physical systems more efficiently than classical computers. Much remains to be done to implement these conceptual ideas into actual quantum computers. As a small-scale demonstration of their capability, we simulate a simple many-fermion problem, the Fano-Anderson model, using liquid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). We carefully designed our experiment so that the resource requirement would scale up polynomially with the size of the quantum system to be simulated. The experimental results obtained give us an insight to the quantum control required when simulating quantum systems with NMR techniques. The simulation of other physical systems, with different particle statistics, is also discussed. C1 Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Ctr Atom Bariloche, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Inst Balseiro, RA-8400 San Carlos De Bariloche, Rio Negro, Argentina. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Math & Comp Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Univ Waterloo, Inst Quantum Comp, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. EM camille@iqc.ca NR 31 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 032344 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.032344 PN A PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QH UT WOS:000228632100059 ER PT J AU Seaman, BT Carr, LD Holland, MJ AF Seaman, BT Carr, LD Holland, MJ TI Nonlinear band structure in Bose-Einstein condensates: Nonlinear Schrodinger equation with a Kronig-Penney potential SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICES; GAS; DYNAMICS; ATOMS; SCATTERING; SUPERFLUID; STABILITY; SOLITONS; VORTEX; WAVES AB All Bloch states of the mean field of a Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of a one-dimensional lattice are presented in closed analytic form. The band structure is investigated by analyzing the stationary states of the nonlinear Schrodinger, or Gross-Pitaevskii, equation for both repulsive and attractive condensates. The appearance of swallowtails in the bands is examined and interpreted in terms of the condensates superfluid properties. The nonlinear stability properties of the Bloch states are described and the stable regions of the bands and swallowtails are mapped out. We find that the Kronig-Penney potential has the same properties as a sinusoidal potential. Bose-Einstein condensates are trapped in sinusoidal optical lattices. The Kronig-Penney potential has the advantage of being analytically tractable, unlike the sinusoidal potential, and, therefore, serves as a good model for understanding experimental phenomena. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Seaman, BT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Carr, Lincoln/E-3819-2016 OI Carr, Lincoln/0000-0002-4848-7941 NR 59 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 033622 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.033622 PN B PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QK UT WOS:000228632400046 ER PT J AU Seaman, BT Carr, LD Holland, MJ AF Seaman, BT Carr, LD Holland, MJ TI Effect of a potential step or impurity on the Bose-Einstein condensate mean field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR MEDIA; ONE-DIMENSION; IMPENETRABLE BOSONS; SELF-GENERATION; SOLITONS; WAVES; SCATTERING; GAS; TRANSMISSION; MODULATION AB The full set of stationary states of the mean field of a Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of a potential step or pointlike impurity are presented in closed analytic form. The nonlinear Schrodinger equation in one dimension is taken as a model. The nonlinear analogs of the continuum of stationary scattering states, as well as evanescent waves, are discussed. The solutions include asymmetric soliton trains and other wave functions of intriguing form, such as a pair of dark solitons bound by an impurity. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Seaman, BT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Carr, Lincoln/E-3819-2016 OI Carr, Lincoln/0000-0002-4848-7941 NR 52 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 033609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.033609 PN B PG 10 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 919QK UT WOS:000228632400033 ER PT J AU Cockayne, E AF Cockayne, E TI Generation of lattice Wannier functions via maximum localization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PRINCIPLES; BATIO3 AB A method is presented for generating approximate lattice Wannier functions (LWF9) for lattice dynamics problems, using the dynamical matrix for a supercell as input. The lattice Wannier functions fit selected phonon frequencies and eigenvectors exactly, are orthonormal, and are optimized to be maximally localized. The method easily generalizes to the case where LWF centered on more than one distinct chemical species are desired, as well as to the case of solid solutions. The method is successfully applied to a one-dimensional toy model. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cockayne, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 9 AR 094302 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.094302 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 920WV UT WOS:000228727100054 ER PT J AU Crawford, MK Harlow, RL Deemyad, S Tissen, V Schilling, JS McCarron, EM Tozer, SW Cox, DE Ichikawa, N Uchida, S Huang, Q AF Crawford, MK Harlow, RL Deemyad, S Tissen, V Schilling, JS McCarron, EM Tozer, SW Cox, DE Ichikawa, N Uchida, S Huang, Q TI High-pressure study of structural phase transitions and superconductivity in La(1.48)Nd(0.4)Sr(0.12)CuO(4) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; HYDROSTATIC-PRESSURE; LOW-TEMPERATURE; LA2-XBAXCUO4; DEPENDENCE; MODULATION; CUPRATE; STRIPES AB We have determined the crystal structures and superconducting transition temperatures of La(1.48)Nd(0.4)Sr(0.12)CuO(4) under nearly hydrostatic pressures in diamond anvil cells to 5.0 GPa and 19.0 GPa, respectively. Synchrotron x-ray powder diffraction measurements were used to establish the pressure-temperature structural phase diagram. Under pressure the superconducting transition temperature increases rapidly from T(c)approximate to 3 K to a maximum value of 22 K at 5 GPa, a pressure slightly greater than that required to stabilize the undistorted I4/mmm structure in the superconducting state. Increasing the pressure further to 19 GPa leads to a decrease in T(c) to similar to 12 K. These results are discussed in relation to earlier high pressure measurements for similar materials. C1 DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Russia. RP Crawford, MK (reprint author), DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 AR 104513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.104513 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 912GK UT WOS:000228065400081 ER PT J AU Dai, PC Kang, HJ Mook, HA Matsuura, M Lynn, JW Kurita, Y Komiya, S Ando, Y AF Dai, PC Kang, HJ Mook, HA Matsuura, M Lynn, JW Kurita, Y Komiya, S Ando, Y TI Electronic inhomogeneity and competing phases in electron-doped superconducting Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID STATIC ANTIFERROMAGNETIC CORRELATIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTOR; CUPRATE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SPURIOUS MAGNETISM; SPIN DYNAMICS; ORDER; FIELD AB We use neutron scattering to demonstrate that electron-doped superconducting Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-delta in the underdoped regime is electronically phase separated in the ground state, showing the coexistence of a superconducting phase with a three-dimensional antiferromagnetically ordered phase and a quasi-two-dimensional spin-density wave modulation. The Neel temperature of both antiferromagnetic phases decreases linearly with increasing superconducting transition temperature (T-c) and vanishes when optimal superconductivity is achieved. These results indicate that the electron-doped copper oxides are close to a quantum critical point, where the delicate energetic balance between different competing states leads to microscopic heterogeneity. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013; Matsuura, Masato/C-2827-2013 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355; Matsuura, Masato/0000-0003-4470-0271 NR 32 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 AR 100502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.100502 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 912GK UT WOS:000228065400013 ER PT J AU Hucker, M Kim, YJ Gu, GD Tranquada, JM Gaulin, BD Lynn, JW AF Hucker, M Kim, YJ Gu, GD Tranquada, JM Gaulin, BD Lynn, JW TI Neutron scattering study on La1.9Ca1.1Cu2O6+delta and La1.85Sr0.15CaCu2O6+delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; INCOMMENSURATE MAGNETIC CORRELATIONS; HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SINGLE-CRYSTAL LA2-XSRXCUO4; MUON-SPIN ROTATION; DIFFRACTION DATA; SQUARE-LATTICE; ANTIFERROMAGNET SR2CUO2CL2; TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; DEFECT STRUCTURE AB We present neutron scattering data on two single crystals of the high temperature superconductor La2-x(Ca,Sr)(x)CaCu2O6+delta. The Ca-0.1-doped crystal exhibits a long-range antiferromagnetically ordered ground state. In contrast, the Sr-0.15-doped crystal exhibits short-range antiferromagnetic order as well as weak superconductivity. In both crystals antiferromagnetic correlations are commensurate; however, some results on the Ca-0.1-doped crystal-resemble those on the spin-glass phase of La2-xSrxCuO4, where magnetic correlations became incommensurate. In addition, both crystals show a structural transition from tetragonal to orthorhombic symmetry. Quite remarkably, the temperature dependence and correlation length of the magnetic order is very similar to that of the orthorhombic distortion. We attribute this behavior to an orthorhombic strain-induced interbilayer magnetic coupling, which triggers the antiferromagnetic order. The large size of the crystals made it also possible to study the magnetic diffuse scattering along rods perpendicular to the CuO2 planes in more detail. For comparison we show x-ray diffraction and magnetization data. In particular, for the Ca-0.1-doped crystal these measurements reveal valuable information on the spin-glass transition as well as. a second anomaly associated with the Neel transition. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20742 USA. RP Hucker, M (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Kim, Young-June /G-7196-2011 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Kim, Young-June /0000-0002-1172-8895 NR 63 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 9 AR 094510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.094510 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 920WV UT WOS:000228727100101 ER PT J AU Kenzelmann, M Batista, CD Chen, Y Broholm, C Reich, DH Park, S Qiu, Y AF Kenzelmann, M Batista, CD Chen, Y Broholm, C Reich, DH Park, S Qiu, Y TI S=1/2 chain in a staggered field: High-energy hound-spinon state and the effects of a discrete lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DYNAMIC STRUCTURE FACTOR; ANTIFERROMAGNET; CONTINUUM; KCUF3; ZERO AB We report an experimental and theoretical study of the antiferromagnetic S=1/2 chain subject to uniform and staggered fields. Using inelastic neutron scattering, we observe a bound-spinon state at high energies in the linear chain compound CUCl(2)center dot 2((CD3)(2)SO). The excitation is explained with a mean-field theory of interacting S=1/2 fermions and arises from the opening of a gap at the Fermi surface due to confining spinon interactions. The mean-field model also describes the wave-vector dependence of the bound-spinon states, particularly in regions where effects of the discrete lattice are important. We calculate the dynamic structure factor using exact diagonalization of finite length chains, obtaining excellent agreement with the experiments. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Nonlinear Studies, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, HANARO Ctr, Taejon, South Korea. RP Kenzelmann, M (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008; Batista, Cristian/J-8008-2016 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826; NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 9 AR 094411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.094411 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 920WV UT WOS:000228727100065 ER PT J AU Lee, SY Lee, JH Han, JH Moon, SH Lee, HN Booth, JC Claassen, JH AF Lee, SY Lee, JH Han, JH Moon, SH Lee, HN Booth, JC Claassen, JH TI Effects of the two-gap nature on the microwave conductivity of polycrystalline MgB2 films with a critical temperature of 39 K SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; SURFACE IMPEDANCE; SUPERCONDUCTING PROPERTIES; 2-BAND MODEL; DENSITY AB The surface resistance (R-S) and the real part (sigma(1)) of the microwave complex conductivity of a similar to 380-nm-thick polycrystalline MgB2 film with the critical temperature (T-C) of 39.3 K were investigated at frequency similar to 8.5 GHz as a function of temperature. Two distinct coherence peaks were observed in the sigma(1) vs temperature curve at T similar to 0.5T(C) and similar to 0.9T(C), respectively, providing a direct evidence for the two-gap nature of MgB2. The film is shown to have a pi-band gap energy of similar to 1.7 meV. For the MgB2 film ion milled down to the thickness of similar to 320 nm, two coherence peaks were still observable with the first conductivity peak at similar to 0.6 T-C. The inferred pi-band gap energy of similar to 2.0 meV is higher than before ion milling. Reduced normal-state conductivity at T-C and R-S at temperatures below 15 K were found for the ion-milled film. Calculations based on the weak-coupling BCS theory and the strong coupling theory suggest that both sigma and pi bands contribute to sigma(1) of the polycrystalline MgB2 films significantly. Our results are in contrast with the observation of single coherence peak, ascribed to the dominant role of the pi band, in the microwave conductivity of c-axis-oriented MgB2 films reported by Jin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 127006 (2003)]. Variations in the interband coupling constants with the level of disorder can account for the different T-C and sigma(1) behavior of the as-grown and ion-milled films. C1 Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Konkuk Univ, Ctr Emerging Wireless Transmiss Technol, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Phys, Phys Res Div BK21, Suwon 440746, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, CSCMR, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci, Seoul 151742, South Korea. LG Elect Inst Technol, Seoul 137140, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Lee, SY (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 AR 104514 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.104514 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 912GK UT WOS:000228065400082 ER PT J AU Nair, S Chowdhuri, Z Peral, I Neumann, DA Dickinson, LC Tompsett, G Jeong, HK Tsapatsis, M AF Nair, S Chowdhuri, Z Peral, I Neumann, DA Dickinson, LC Tompsett, G Jeong, HK Tsapatsis, M TI Translational dynamics of water in a nanoporous layered silicate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; VERMICULITE CLAY; FORCE-FIELD; DIFFUSION; MONTMORILLONITE; SIMULATIONS; ZEOLITES AB Neutron time-of-flight and backscattering spectroscopy have been used to study the translational diffusion of water molecules in the unusual layered material AMH-3, which consists of (zeolitelike) three-dimensionally nanoporous silicate layers spaced by (claylike) interlayer regions. The synthesis of AMH-3 and its characterization by Si-29 NMR, Raman, and infrared spectroscopy, are described. An analysis of quasielastic neutron scattering (QENS) spectra using the random jump diffusion model reveals two translational diffusive motions clearly separated in time scales: a fast process (D similar to 10(-9) m(2)/s at 300 K), and a much slower process (D similar to 10(-11) m(2)/s at 300 K). Considering the structural model of AMH-3 and the transport properties extracted from the QENS data, it is suggested that the slower motion corresponds to diffusion by water molecules in the interlayer spaces whereas the fast process involves diffusion in the silicate layer. This first investigation of transport phenomena in nanoporous layered silicates like AMH-3 indicates that they have the potential to offer mass transport properties different from zeolite materials and layered clays. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Nair, S (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM sankar.nair@chbe.gatech.edu RI Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/P-5298-2016 OI Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/0000-0002-6994-1277 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 AR 104301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.104301 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 912GK UT WOS:000228065400031 ER PT J AU Russek, SE Kaka, S Rippard, WH Pufall, MR Silva, TJ AF Russek, SE Kaka, S Rippard, WH Pufall, MR Silva, TJ TI Finite-temperature modeling of nanoscale spin-transfer oscillators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC NOISE; DEPENDENCE; EXCITATION; DRIVEN AB Magnetization dynamics induced by spin-polarized currents in magnetic nanodevices have been numerically simulated using a single-domain model proposed by Slonczewski extended to include temperature effects. For currents with a spin polarization antiparallel to the device easy axis and for fields above the magnetostatic anisotropy field, transfer of spin momentum from one layer to an adjacent layer can cause the layers to undergo sustained oscillations. Here we numerically calculate the expected excitation spectra and linewidths of spin-transfer oscillators and explain observed variations in excitation linewidths. The linewidth arises from thermal excitations that give rise to disorder in the orbits and, in certain regimes, hopping between nearly degenerate orbits. The excitation spectra for a 2.5 nmx50 nmx100 nm device show transitions from thermally activated elliptical motion, at zero and low currents, to a bent elliptical motion at intermediate currents, and finally to tilted out-of-plane orbits. At the transition between in-plane and out-of-plane orbits, there is a region of low-frequency noise due to thermal hopping between degenerate orbits and a shift in the spectral behavior. The linewidth arising from thermal interactions is a sensitive function of the device volume and varies from 1 to 2 GHz for 2.5 nmx50 nmx100 nm devices to 20 to 40 MHz for 10 nmx200 nmx400 nm devices. The modeling explains the difference in linewidths observed for nanopillar and point-contact geometries as a natural consequence of inherent thermal fluctuations and the difference in excitation volumes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Russek, SE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM russek@boulder.nist.gov RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 15 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 10 AR 104425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.104425 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 912GK UT WOS:000228065400061 ER PT J AU Schuler, TM Ederer, DL Itza-Ortiz, S Woods, GT Callcott, TA Woicik, JC AF Schuler, TM Ederer, DL Itza-Ortiz, S Woods, GT Callcott, TA Woicik, JC TI Character of the insulating state in NiO: A mixture of charge-transfer and Mott-Hubbard character SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; GENERALIZED GRADIENT APPROXIMATION; D-D EXCITATIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; TRANSITION-METALS; OPTICAL PROPERTIES; NICKEL OXIDE; BAND-GAPS; SPECTROSCOPY; PHOTOEMISSION AB Using site-specific soft x-ray emission and absorption spectroscopy in conjunction with site-specific x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, we present measurements of the valence and conduction band states of NiO. Significant hybridization between the Ni and the O electronic states near the Fermi energy is observed throughout both the valence and conduction bands, in accordance with density-functional theory calculations also presented. The relationship between our emission and absorption measurements also shows direct similarities to other techniques used to measure the non-dipole-allowed d-d transitions within NiO, addressing questions concerning the character of the insulating band gap of this system. NiO has previously been described as a large-gap, charge-transfer insulator, while our data show the valence and conduction states at the Fermi energy to be primarily of Ni d-character hybridized with a small amount of O p-character states, suggesting a mixture of charge-transfer and Mott-Hubbard character as described by the Zaanen-Sawatzky-Allen model. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schuler, TM (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM tschule@tulane.edu NR 50 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 11 AR 115113 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.115113 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 912GL UT WOS:000228065500055 ER PT J AU Soriano, S Dumesnil, K Dufour, C Gourieux, T Mangin, P Borchers, JA Stunault, A AF Soriano, S Dumesnil, K Dufour, C Gourieux, T Mangin, P Borchers, JA Stunault, A TI Rotation of magnetic propagation vectors induced by lattice clamping in (110)Eu films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; X-RAY; EUROPIUM; DYSPROSIUM; PHASE; TRANSITION; SUPERLATTICES; SCATTERING AB Unique magnetic ordering has been observed in (110)Eu epitaxial films at low temperature: In contrast to bulk Eu, the magnetic helix propagating along the in-plane [001] direction vanishes on cooling below a temperature T-d, at the benefit of the other two. In addition, the two remaining propagation vectors continuously rotate towards the [110] growth direction. Both the temperature T-d and the rotation of wave vectors exhibit a pronounced dependence on film thickness, as a consequence of a thickness- and temperature-dependent lattice clamping effect that distorts the Eu lattice at low temperature. C1 Univ Nancy 1, Phys Mat Lab, UMR 7556, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. ILL, F-38042 Grenoble, France. RP Dumesnil, K (reprint author), Univ Nancy 1, Phys Mat Lab, UMR 7556, BP 239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. EM dumesnil@lpm.u-nancy.fr OI DUMESNIL, Karine/0000-0002-2304-4490 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 9 AR 092409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.092409 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 920WV UT WOS:000228727100021 ER PT J AU Xie, RH Bryant, GW Zhao, JJ Kar, T Smith, VH AF Xie, RH Bryant, GW Zhao, JJ Kar, T Smith, VH TI Tunable optical properties of icosahedral, dodecahedral, and tetrahedral clusters SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; ALUMINUM CLUSTERS; MAGIC CLUSTERS; METAL-CLUSTERS; QUANTUM DOTS; ONION-SKIN; NANOCRYSTALS; STABILITY; FULLERENE; AL-13 AB Using time-dependent density-functional theory, we show that the first singlet excitations of a series of icosahedral, dodecahedral, and tetrahedral clusters are optically forbidden and that their optical absorption gaps and spectral properties are size, shape, and composition dependent and can be tuned broadly in the ultraviolet-visible region. Taking icosahedral clusters Al@Al-12 and Al@Pb-12 as examples, we demonstrate that the optical gaps of icosahedral clusters can be tailored from the ultraviolet to near infrared by properly doping them with (transition) metals, hydrogen, group VIIB atoms, and organic functional groups. Our study suggests icosahedral, dodecahedral, and tetrahedral clusters are suitable for tunable optical applications. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Phys & Astron, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Logan, UT 84322 USA. Queens Univ, Dept Chem, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Zhao, Jijun/I-6030-2015 NR 67 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 AR 125422 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.125422 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 923QB UT WOS:000228923300137 ER PT J AU Van Workum, K Douglas, JF AF Van Workum, K Douglas, JF TI Equilibrium polymerization in the Stockmayer fluid as a model of supermolecular self-organization SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Review ID DIRECTIONAL ATTRACTIVE FORCES; 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; THERMODYNAMIC PERTURBATION-THEORY; LIQUID-VAPOR COEXISTENCE; DIPOLAR HARD-SPHERES; DENSITY-OF-STATES; LATTICE MODEL; MONTE-CARLO; PHASE-SEPARATION; LIVING POLYMERIZATION AB A diverse range of molecular self-organization processes arises from a competition between directional and isotropic van der Waals intermolecular interactions. We conduct Monte Carlo simulations of the Stockmayer fluid (SF) with a large dipolar interaction as a minimal self-organization model and focus on basic thermodynamic properties that are needed to characterize the polymerization transition that occurs in this fluid. In particular, we determine the polymerization transition lines from the maximum in the specific heat, C-v, and the inflection point in the extent of polymerization, Phi. We also characterize the geometry (radius of gyration R-g, chain length L, chain topology) of the clusters that form in this associating fluid as a function of temperature, T, and concentration, rho. The pressure, P, and the second virial coefficient, B-2, were determined, since these properties contain essential information about the strength of the isotropic (van der Waals) interactions. Our simulations indicate that the locations of the polymerization lines are quantitatively consistent with a model of equilibrium polymerization with the enthalpy of polymerization ("sticking energy") fixed by the minimum in the intermolecular potential. The polymerization transition in the SF is accompanied by a topological transition from predominantly linear to ring polymers upon cooling that is driven by the minimization of the dipolar energy of the clusters. We also find that the basic interaction parameters describing polymerization and phase separation in the SF can be estimated based on the existing theory of equilibrium polymerization, but the theory must be refined to account for ring formation in order to accurately describe the configurational properties of this model self-organizing fluid. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kevin.vanworkum@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 118 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2470-0045 EI 2470-0053 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD MAR PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 AR 031502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.031502 PN 1 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 919PM UT WOS:000228630000036 PM 15903430 ER PT J AU Blawzdziewicz, J Wajnryb, E Given, JA Hubbard, JB AF Blawzdziewicz, J Wajnryb, E Given, JA Hubbard, JB TI Sharp scalar and tensor bounds on the hydrodynamic friction and mobility of arbitrarily shaped bodies in Stokes flow SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID RIGID MACROMOLECULES; PROTEIN HYDRATION; DIFFUSION; PARTICLES; DEPOLARIZATION; CONFORMATION; CAPACITANCE; ALGORITHM; MOTION; CHAINS AB We prove rigorous inequalities for the hydrodynamic translational friction and mobility matrices zeta and mu(O) of an arbitrarily shaped rigid particle in terms of the electrostatic capacitance C of a conducting particle of identical shape. Specifically, we derive the scalar and matrix inequalities 1/3tr zeta(-1)less than or equal to1/3tr mu(O)less than or equal toC(-1) and 2/3zeta (-1)less than or equal toC (-1) I, where all quantities are normalized by the corresponding values for a sphere, and the mobility matrix is evaluated in the center-of-mobility reference frame. These bounds are obtained using a variational approach with the energy dissipation functional expressed in terms of the induced force distribution on the surface of the particle. To relate the hydrodynamic problem to the solution of the corresponding electrostatic problem, the trial force field is expressed in terms of the charge distribution on the equipotential particle surface. This procedure yields the first rigorous bounds on hydrodynamic friction that apply to bodies with translation-rotation coupling. We demonstrate that the error of the Hubbard-Douglas approximation 1/3tr zeta (-1)approximate toC (-1), corresponding to our scalar bound, is quadratic in the deviation of the trial induced-force field from the exact form-which explains why this relation is highly accurate for many particle shapes. Our numerical results confirm that the Hubbard-Douglas approximation is accurate for a variety of objects, including helices with translational-rotational coupling. In addition, we establish a rigorous, sharp bound on the effective (scalar) Brownian diffusion coefficient of an arbitrarily shaped particle. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IPPT, Warsaw, Poland. RP Blawzdziewicz, J (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Mech Engn, POB 20826, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Wajnryb, Eligiusz/E-5057-2015 NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 AR 033602 DI 10.1063/1.1852315 PG 9 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 902QW UT WOS:000227372600033 ER PT J AU Hill, RJ AF Hill, RJ TI Geometric collision rates and trajectories of cloud droplets falling into a Burgers vortex SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID FINITE REYNOLDS-NUMBER; LOCALLY ISOTROPIC TURBULENCE; FULLY-DEVELOPED TURBULENCE; FREE-STREAM VELOCITY; SLOW SHEAR-FLOW; UNSTEADY DRAG; PARTICLE ACCELERATIONS; INERTIAL PARTICLES; IMPULSIVE MOTION; SPHERICAL BUBBLE AB Droplet velocities, concentrations, and geometric collision rates are calculated for droplets falling into Burgers vortices as a step toward understanding the role of turbulence-induced collisions of cloud water droplets. The Burgers vortex is an often used model of vortices in high Reynolds number turbulence. Droplet radii considered are 10, 20, and 40 mum; those radii are relevant to warm rain initiation. A method of calculating the concentrations of droplets along their trajectories by means of differential geometry is derived and implemented. A generalization of the rate of geometrical collisions of inertial particles is derived; the formulation applies for any local vorticity and rate of strain, and the classic collision-rate formula is obtained in the process. The relative velocities of droplets of different radii and their spatial variation of concentration affects spatial variation of collision rate; greater variation exists for a stronger vortex. The physical effects included in the droplet equation of motion are inertia, gravity, viscous drag, pressure and shear stress, added mass, the history integral, and the lift force. The lift force requires calculation of droplet angular velocity, the equation for which contains rotational inertial and viscous drag. An initial condition is found that does not cause an impulse in the history integral. The important terms in the droplets' equations of motion are found such that simpler approximate equations can be used. It is found that the lift force is negligible, the history integral is not. For smaller droplets in regions of lower vorticity, the time derivative of the difference of slip velocity and gravitationally induced drift velocity may be neglected. The present study suggests that acceleration-induced coalescence is most significant for droplets that are entrained into or formed within an intensifying vortex as distinct from falling toward the vortex. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 58 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 AR 037103 DI 10.1063/1.1858191 PG 23 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 902QW UT WOS:000227372600061 ER PT J AU Tatarskii, VI AF Tatarskii, VI TI Use of the 4/5 Kolmogorov equation for describing some characteristics of fully developed turbulence SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID HIGH REYNOLDS-NUMBER; PROBABILITY DENSITY; LOCAL ISOTROPY; FLOWS; DISSIPATION; ENERGY AB The Kolmogorov equation, which relates the second-order structure function D-ll(r) and the third-ordrer structure function D-lll(r), may be presented as a closed linear integrodifferential equation for the probability distribution function W(U,r) of longitudinal velocity difference U. In general, without any restrictions, the function of two variables W(U,r) may be presented as [D-ll(r)]F-1/2(U/rootD(ll)(r),r). As a first approximation, we neglect dependence of F on the second argument r. In this approximation (self-similarity of the probability density function), the integrodifferential equation for W reduces to the ordinary nonlinear differential equation for D-ll(r). It follows from this equation that for r-->infinity the function D-ll(r)similar tor(2/3). This consideration does not use the 1941 Kolmogorov hypothesis that is based on dimension analysis. Any deviations from the 2/3 law, including intermittency effects, must be related to the violation of the above-mentioned self-similarity of W, i.e., with the additional dependence of F on the second argument r. On the basis of experimental data, we suggest a simple model of W, which allows us to describe deviations from the 2/3 law, caused by intermittency, and describe the local exponents kappa in the structure functions similar tor(kappa(rho)) for moderate rho. The so called "bottleneck effect" also can be described by 4/5 Kolmogorov equation. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Zel Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tatarskii, VI (reprint author), Zel Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAR PY 2005 VL 17 IS 3 AR 035110 DI 10.1063/1.1858531 PG 12 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 902QW UT WOS:000227372600050 ER PT J AU Burkholder, JM Gordon, AS Moeller, PD Mac Law, J Coyne, KJ Lewitus, AJ Ramsdell, JS Marshall, HG Deamer, NJ Cary, SC Kempton, JW Morton, SL Rublee, PA AF Burkholder, JM Gordon, AS Moeller, PD Mac Law, J Coyne, KJ Lewitus, AJ Ramsdell, JS Marshall, HG Deamer, NJ Cary, SC Kempton, JW Morton, SL Rublee, PA TI Demonstration of toxicity to fish and to mammalian cells by Pfiesteria species: Comparison of assay methods and strains SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE toxigenic dinoflagellates; Pfiesteria piscicida; Pfiesteria shumwayae ID LIFE-CYCLE; PISCICIDA; COMPLEX; DINOPHYCEAE; SHUMWAYAE; TOXIN; MICROPREDATION; EXOTOXIN; BIOASSAY; SCIENCE AB Toxicity and its detection in the dinoflagellate fish predators Pfiesteria piscicida and Pfiesteria shumwayae depend on the strain and the use of reliable assays. Two assays, standardized fish bioassays (SFBs) with juvenile fish and fish microassays (FMAs) with larval fish, were compared for their utility to detect toxic Pfiesteria. The comparison included strains with confirmed toxicity, negative controls (noninducible Pfiesteria strains and a related nontoxic cryptoperidiniopsoid dinoflagellate), and P. shumwayae strain CCMP2089, which previously had been reported as nontoxic. SFBs, standardized by using toxic Pfiesteria (coupled with tests confirming Pfiesteria toxin) and conditions conducive to toxicity expression, reliably detected actively toxic Pfiesteria, but FMAs did not. Pfiesteria toxin was found in fish- and algae-fed clonal Pfiesteria cultures, including CCMP2089, but not in controls. In contrast, noninducible Pfiesteria and cryptoperidiniopsoids caused no juvenile fish mortality in SFBs even at high densities, and low larval fish mortality by physical attack in FMAs. Filtrate from toxic strains of Pfiesteria spp. in bacteria-free media was cytotoxic. Toxicity was enhanced by bacteria and other prey, especially live fish. Purified Pfiesteria toxin extract adversely affected mammalian cells as well as fish, and it caused fish death at environmentally relevant cell densities. These data show the importance of testing multiple strains when assessing the potential for toxicity at the genus or species level, using appropriate culturing techniques and assays. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Appl Aquat Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ Delaware, Coll Marine Studies, Lewes, DE 19958 USA. Univ S Carolina, Baruch Inst, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Greensboro, NC 27402 USA. RP Burkholder, JM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Appl Aquat Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM joann_burkholder@ncsu.edu OI Coyne, Kathryn/0000-0001-8846-531X; Cary, Stephen/0000-0002-2876-2387 NR 38 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 1 U2 43 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 102 IS 9 BP 3471 EP 3476 DI 10.1073/pnas.0500168102 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 903KC UT WOS:000227423700055 PM 15728353 ER PT J AU Toggweiler, JR AF Toggweiler, JR TI Climate change from below SO QUATERNARY SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Editorial Material ID GLACIAL CLIMATE; OCEAN C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Toggweiler, JR (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Robbie.Toggweiler@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0277-3791 J9 QUATERNARY SCI REV JI Quat. Sci. Rev. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5-6 BP 511 EP 512 DI 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.01.002 PG 2 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 908HJ UT WOS:000227777800001 ER PT J AU Baird, RC AF Baird, RC TI On sustainability, estuaries, and ecosystem restoration: The art of the practical SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Sustainability Science and Estuarine Habitat Restoration held at the Biennial Estuarine Research Federation Conference CY SEP 14-18, 2003 CL Washington, DC SP Soc Ecol Restorat, Int Estuarine Res Federat DE ecosystems; estuaries; resource management; restoration ID MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES AB Ecosystem restoration in highly complex, human-dominated estuaries rests on a strong conceptual foundation of sustainability, ecosystems, and adaptive management of human-induced environmental impacts. Successful application involves evaluating uncertainty, incorporating place-based information, and engaging diverse constituencies in the planning process. That means integration of technical knowledge with an understanding of the "cultural milieu" inherent in all estuaries, that is, the intensity of human activity and impacts plus socioeconomic factors relevant to restoration goals. Operational definitions of what constitutes acceptable ecosystem conditions and current baselines are critical yet rest in large measure on cultural values and socioeconomic considerations. Resources for long-term monitoring and research to assess performance and ecosystem condition are paramount. Unprecedented population growth promises additional stressors on estuarine environments worldwide, making maintenance of present conditions difficult. The art of good, practical ecosystem restoration as a management tool at multiple geographic scales promises to play a crucial role in sustainability goals. C1 NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Baird, RC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, 1315 EW Highway,SSMC3,Room 11716, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ronald.baird@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 13 IS 1 BP 154 EP 158 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2005.00019.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902YL UT WOS:000227392500019 ER PT J AU Stump, KE DeWerd, LA Rudman, DA Schima, SA AF Stump, KE DeWerd, LA Rudman, DA Schima, SA TI Active radiometric calorimeter for absolute calibration of radioactive sources SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID STANDARDS; VARIANCE AB This report describes the design and initial noise floor measurements of a radiometric calorimeter designed to measure therapeutic medical radioactive sources. The instrument demonstrates a noise floor of approximately 2 nW. This low noise floor is achieved by using high temperature superconducting (HTS) transition edge sensor (TES) thermometers in a temperature-control feedback loop. This feedback loop will be used to provide absolute source calibrations based upon the electrical substitution method. Other unique features of the calorimeter are (a) its ability to change sources for calibration without disrupting the vacuum of the instrument, and (b) the ability to measure the emitted power of a source in addition to the total contained source power. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Stump, KE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Med Phys, 1530 Med Sci Ctr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM kstump@wisc.edu NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 76 IS 3 AR 033504 DI 10.1063/1.1867032 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 904WV UT WOS:000227530200018 ER PT J AU May-Collado, L Gerrodette, T Calambokidis, J Rasmussen, K Sereg, I AF May-Collado, L Gerrodette, T Calambokidis, J Rasmussen, K Sereg, I TI Patterns of cetacean sighting distribution in the Pacific Exclusive Economic Zone of Costa Rica based on data collected from 1979-2001 SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article DE conservation; Central America; dolphins; marine mammals; whales ID EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; HUMPBACK-WHALES; DOLPHIN HABITATS; GOLFO-DULCE; DELPHINIDAE; CALIFORNIA AB Nineteen species of cetaceans (families Balaenopteridae, Kogiidae, Physeteridae, Ziphiidae and Delphinidae) occur in the Costa Rican Pacific Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Based on data recorded from the EEZ by the Southwest Fisheries Service Center, Cascadia Research Collective, and CIMAR between 1979200 1, we mapped the distribution of 18 cetacean species. Our results suggest that the majority of the cetacean species use primarily oceanic waters, particularly those species within the families Balacnopteridae, Kogiidae, Physeteridae and Ziphiidae. Members of the family Delphinidae showed a wide variety of distribution patterns: seven species are widespread throughout the EEZ, four appear to be exclusively pelagic, and two are primarily coastal. Overall, three cetacean species appear to have populations concentrated in coastal waters: Slenella attenuala graffmani, Tursiops truncatus, and Megaptera novaeanglitie. These three may be more susceptible to human activities due to the overlap of their ranges with fishery areas (tuna and artisanal Fisheries), and an uncontrolled increase of touristic whale watching activities in several parts of their range. The distribution maps represent the first comprehensive representation of cetacean species that inhabit Costa Rican Pacific waters. They provide essential base-line information that may be used to initiate conservation and management efforts of the habitats where these animals reproduce and forage. C1 Univ Costa Rica, CIMAR, Ciudad Invest, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica. Florida Int Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. American Univ, Dept Environm Sci, Washington, DC 20016 USA. RP May-Collado, L (reprint author), Univ Costa Rica, CIMAR, Ciudad Invest, San Jose 2060, Costa Rica. EM lmayc002@fiu.edu NR 50 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 9 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD MAR-JUN PY 2005 VL 53 IS 1-2 BP 249 EP 263 PG 15 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 974LO UT WOS:000232593200027 PM 17354438 ER PT J AU Newbury, D Myklebust, R AF Newbury, D Myklebust, R TI Simulation of electron-excited x-ray spectra with NIST Desktop Spectrum Analyzer for the development of analytical strategy for SEM/EDS/WDS SO SCANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Scanning Conference CY APR 05-07, 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP Fdn Advances Med & Sci C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newbury, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 27 IS 2 BP 83 EP 84 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 909GQ UT WOS:000227848800038 ER PT J AU Iwanczyk, JS Barkan, S Saveliev, VD Tull, CR Feng, L Patt, BE Newbury, DE Small, JA Zaluzec, NJ AF Iwanczyk, JS Barkan, S Saveliev, VD Tull, CR Feng, L Patt, BE Newbury, DE Small, JA Zaluzec, NJ TI Silicon multi-cathode detector (SMCD) developments for microanalysis and high-speed elemental mapping SO SCANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Scanning Conference CY APR 05-07, 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP Fdn Advances Med & Sci C1 Radiant Detector Technol, Northridge, CA USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Electron Microscopy Ctr, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Iwanczyk, JS (reprint author), Radiant Detector Technol, Northridge, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 27 IS 2 BP 94 EP 94 PG 1 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 909GQ UT WOS:000227848800054 ER PT J AU Newbury, DE AF Newbury, DE TI The new x-ray mapping: SEM/x-ray spectrum imaging above 100 kHz output count rate with the silicon drift detector (SDD), and how to mine all of this data with "derived spectra" SO SCANNING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Annual Scanning Conference CY APR 05-07, 2005 CL Monterey, CA SP Fdn Advances Med & Sci C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU FAMS INC PI MAHWAH PA BOX 832, MAHWAH, NJ 07430-0832 USA SN 0161-0457 J9 SCANNING JI Scanning PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 27 IS 2 BP 96 EP 97 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Microscopy GA 909GQ UT WOS:000227848800057 ER PT J AU Meador, JP Ernest, DW Kagley, AN AF Meador, JP Ernest, DW Kagley, AN TI A comparison of the non-essential elements cadmium, mercury, and lead found in fish and sediment from Alaska and California SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE bioaccumulation; fish; mercury; cadmium; lead; AVS; metal depletion ID BIOACCUMULATION; METALS; ACCUMULATION AB Concentrations of three non-essential elements (cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb)) were determined in sediment and fish from several locations in Alaska (AK) and California (CA) and used to examine differences in bioaccumulation within and between geographic locations. We analyzed tissue (liver, muscle, gill, and stomach contents) from white croaker (Genyonemus lineatus) and English sole (Pleuronectes vetulus) in California and flathead sole (Hippoglossoides elassodon) in Alaska, in addition to several species of invertebrates (mercury only). As found in previous work on arsenic (As) [Meador et al., 2004], Cd in fish liver exhibited a negative correlation with sediment concentrations. No such correlations were found for Hg and Pb when fish liver and sediment were compared; however, these metals did exhibit a positive relationship between liver and organic carbon normalized sediment concentrations, but only for the CA sites. Sediment concentrations of Hg at the AK sites were lower than those for the CA sites; however, AK invertebrates generally bioaecumulated more Hg than CA invertebrates. Conversely, Hg bioaccumulation was higher in CA fish. Even though ratios of total metal/acid volatile sulfides (AVS) in sediment were one to two orders of magnitude higher for the AK sites, bioaccumulation of these elements was much higher in fish from the CA sites. Bioaccumulation factors ([liver]/[sediment]) (BAFs) were highest at relatively clean sites (Bodega Bay and Monterey), indicating that elements were more bioavailable at these sites than from more contaminated locations. The observation of high BAFs for As in fish from Alaska and low BAFs for the California fish, but reversed for Cd, Hg, and Pb in this study, implies that differences in fish species are less important than the unique geochemical features at each site that control bioavailability and bioaccumulation and the potential sources for each element. Additionally, these data were also used to examine the metal depletion hypothesis, which describes the inverse relationship between elements and organic contaminants documented in some monitoring studies. Our results suggest that the enhanced bioavailability of the metals at some uncontaminated sites is the main determinant for the inverse correlation between metal and organic contaminants in tissue. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Meador, JP (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.meador@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 31 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD MAR 1 PY 2005 VL 339 IS 1-3 BP 189 EP 205 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.07.028 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910FK UT WOS:000227915700016 PM 15740769 ER PT J AU Kim, JY Lee, BW Read, DT Kwon, D AF Kim, JY Lee, BW Read, DT Kwon, D TI Influence of tip bluntness on the size-dependent nanoindentation hardness SO SCRIPTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE dislocation theory; hardness; nanoindentation; tip bluntness ID STRAIN GRADIENT PLASTICITY; SENSING INDENTATION EXPERIMENTS; ELASTIC-MODULUS; DEFORMATION; LOAD AB Nanoindenter tip bluntness modifies the size-dependent hardness relationship given by the Nix-Gao model. At shallow depths, fewer geometrically necessary dislocations are needed to accommodate the blunted tip. The experimentally measured ratio of plastic to total contact depth decreases and the hardness decreases relative to the idealized Nix-Gao model. (C) 2004 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul 151744, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kim, JY (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, San 56-1, Seoul 151744, South Korea. EM juyoungl@plaza.snu.ac.kr NR 17 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6462 J9 SCRIPTA MATER JI Scr. Mater. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 353 EP 358 DI 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2004.10.036 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 887XM UT WOS:000226338800003 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, AA Sampath, S Goland, A Herman, H Allen, AJ Ilavsky, J Gong, WQ Gopalan, S AF Kulkarni, AA Sampath, S Goland, A Herman, H Allen, AJ Ilavsky, J Gong, WQ Gopalan, S TI Plasma spray coatings for producing next-generation supported membranes SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Syntheric Clean Fuels from Natural Gas and Coal-Bed Methane CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY DE plasma spray; yttria stabilized zirconia; ionic conductivity; SANS; USAXS; elastic modulus; impedance spectroscopy ID YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION; THERMAL-DIFFUSIVITY; ANGLE; SCATTERING; CRYSTALS; DEPOSITS AB Ceramic systems as membranes play a critical role in synthesis gas production as well as gas separation technologies. This paper presents, the potential for thermal spray technology in natural gas-related programs, with a special emphasis on the production Of ceramic membranes for oxygen gas separation processes. Yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) coatings were deposited Under different environments (air and vacuum) resulting in altered pore and crack distributions introduced during the spray process. We report on the characterization of these coatings using small-angle neutron Scattering (SANS) and ultrasmall-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) to explain the different pore structures observed for the two coating conditions. A quantitative representation of the microstructural features in these coatings is presented in terms of porosity, anisotropic void surface area and pore size distribution. Also. thermal and mechanical properties, complemented with impedance spectroscopy measurements, help Understand coating behavior. Such comprehensive characterization, coupled with property measurements of the coatings, successfully demonstrates the potential of thermal spray technology in membrane production. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Mfg Engn, Boston, MA 02446 USA. RP Kulkarni, AA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA. EM hherman@ms.cc.sunysb.edu RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; NR 20 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 241 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s11244-005-2905-6 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 933FH UT WOS:000229613800018 ER PT J AU Koga, T Li, C Sun, Y Brazin, A Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, JC Douglas, JF Mahajan, D AF Koga, T Li, C Sun, Y Brazin, A Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, JC Douglas, JF Mahajan, D TI Surface modification of polymeric nanocomposite thin films using supercritical carbon dioxide SO TOPICS IN CATALYSIS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Syntheric Clean Fuels from Natural Gas and Coal-Bed Methane CY SEP 07-11, 2003 CL New York, NY DE supercritical carbon dioxide; inorganic nanoparticles; low-density polymer thin films; glass transition; X-ray reflectivity ID FLUIDS; REFLECTIVITY; CATALYSIS; SOLVENT; GOLD AB We report on an efficient and environmentally friendly means to modify surface properties of polymer films supported for nanoparticles. Ultrathin polystyrene (PS) films (< 300 angstrom) in which inorganic nanoparticles were embedded, were exposed to supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)). The swollen structure was then preserved by quickly evaporating CO2. X-ray reflectivity (XR) results showed that this procedure produced polymeric nanocomposite films with a low-density region of about 150 A at the polymer/air interface. The formation of the low-density layer was independent of the nature of the particles, indicating that the Surface modification through exposure to scCO(2) may be a universal phenomenon regardless of a choice of nanoparticles. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. HAFTR High Sch, Cedarhurst, NY 11516 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Energy Sci & Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM tkoga@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010; Sun, Yuan/B-2250-2010 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1022-5528 J9 TOP CATAL JI Top. Catal. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 257 EP 262 DI 10.1007/s11244-005-2907-4 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 933FH UT WOS:000229613800020 ER PT J AU Kemp, PS Gessel, MH Williams, JG AF Kemp, PS Gessel, MH Williams, JG TI Fine-scale behavioral responses of Pacific salmonid smolts as they encounter divergence and acceleration of flow SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; SALAR L. SMOLTS; ATLANTIC SALMON; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; MIGRATORY BEHAVIOR; SNAKE RIVER; DOWNSTREAM MIGRATION; FISH BEHAVIOR; WATER-INTAKE; BYPASS AB We assessed fine-scale behavioral responses of the smolts of four Pacific salmonid species to open and constricted channels in a flume. Natural migrants encountered two geometrically similar parallel channels with different hydraulic conditions representing constricted and open treatments. Observation of route selection under alternate discharge scenarios provided evidence of behavioral choice by smolts. As expected, the majority of smolts passed through the open channel in a ratio consistent with flow. After controlling for the influence of flow, both initial channel selection and subsequent channel rejection was higher for the constricted channel; rejection was probably due to fish detecting an area of rapidly accelerating flow. The majority of smolts traveled downstream headfirst and faster than the mean midcolumn water velocity. Those that faced the flow passed at a slower rate and tended to select the open treatment. The few yearling Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and coho salmon O. kisutch smolts that did not pass through the treatment channels, but held position within the flume, were larger than their conspecifics that passed downstream. Large steelhead (anadromous rainbow trout O. mykiss) smolts and subyearling Chinook salmon were more likely to pass the constricted channel than smaller fish. These results suggest that efforts to effectively guide fish with diversion structures will require understanding how the structures alter the local hydraulic environment and, thus, influence fish behavior. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Kemp, PS (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM p.kemp@soton.ac.uk NR 42 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 134 IS 2 BP 390 EP 398 DI 10.1577/T04-039.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 923KN UT WOS:000228908900011 ER PT J AU Antolos, M Roby, DD Lyons, DE Collis, K Evans, AE Hawbecker, M Ryan, BA AF Antolos, M Roby, DD Lyons, DE Collis, K Evans, AE Hawbecker, M Ryan, BA TI Caspian tern predation on juvenile salmonids in the mid-Columbia River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; BIOENERGETICS MODEL; WATERBIRD PREDATION; NORTHERN SQUAWFISH; AVIAN PREDATION; ENERGY; ESTUARY; VULNERABILITY; POPULATIONS; CORMORANTS AB We used a bioenergetics approach to determine the magnitude of predation by Caspian terns Sterna caspia on juvenile salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. in the mid-Columbia River during 2000 and 2001. Caspian terns nesting on Crescent Island, Washington, located below the confluence of the Snake and Columbia rivers, consumed several hundred thousand juvenile salmonids each year of the study. Tern consumption of smolts was higher in 2001 (679,000 smolts; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 533,000-825,000 smolts) than in 2000 (465,000 smolts; 95% CI: 382,000-547,000 smolts) as a result of an increase in tern breeding pairs, fledging success, and percentage of salmonids in the diet. On-colony detection rates of passive integrated transponder tags from in-river migrating smolts were also higher in 2001 (0.90-12.40%) than in 2000 (0.03-1.60%); the higher predation rates in 2001 were probably caused by extreme drought conditions that resulted in reduced spill from hydroelectric dams, lower river flows, and increased travel times for in-river migrating smolts. Tern predation rates on juvenile steelhead O. mykiss were higher than those on yearling Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha in both years. The impacts of tern predation on steelhead smolts and yearling Chinook salmon from the Snake River were slight after accounting for the high proportion of smolts collected for transportation above Crescent Island. Survival of steelhead smolts from the upper Columbia River that are not transported above Crescent Island may be significantly affected by tern predation, particularly in low-flow years. Appreciably higher predation rates on salmonids by Crescent Island terns than those observed in 2001 are unlikely considering the constraints on tern colony expansion, limited capacity for increased per capita smolt consumption by terns, and current high transportation rates for Snake River smolts. C1 Real Time Res Inc, Bend, OR 97702 USA. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Collis, K (reprint author), Real Time Res Inc, 61434 Linton Loop, Bend, OR 97702 USA. EM kcollis@realtimeresearch.org RI Kappes, Michelle/B-7139-2008 NR 50 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 134 IS 2 BP 466 EP 480 DI 10.1577/T04-043.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 923KN UT WOS:000228908900016 ER PT J AU Manel, S Gaggiotti, OE Waples, RS AF Manel, S Gaggiotti, OE Waples, RS TI Assignment methods: matching biological questions techniques with appropriate SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID MULTILOCUS GENOTYPE DATA; SEX-BIASED DISPERSAL; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; GENETIC DATA; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT; ADMIXTURE PROPORTIONS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; SALMON AB Assignment methods, which use genetic information to ascertain population membership of individuals or groups of individuals, have been used in recent years to study a wide range of evolutionary and ecological processes. In applied studies, the first step of articulating the biological question(s) to be addressed should be followed by selection of the method(s) best suited for the analysis. However, this first step often receives less attention than it should, and the recent proliferation of assignment methods has made the selection step challenging. Here, we review assignment methods and discuss how to match the appropriate methods with the underlying biological questions for several common problems in ecology and conservation (assessing population structure; measuring dispersal and hybridization; and forensics and mixture analysis). We also identify several topics for future research that should ensure that this field remains dynamic and productive. C1 Univ Grenoble 1, LECA, Grenoble, France. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), Univ Grenoble 1, LECA, Grenoble, France. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Gaggiotti, Oscar/G-2459-2010; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Gaggiotti, Oscar/0000-0003-1827-1493; NR 67 TC 444 Z9 456 U1 4 U2 143 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 136 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2004.12.004 PG 7 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 906RW UT WOS:000227661200008 PM 16701357 ER PT J AU Hsu, SM Gates, RS AF Hsu, SM Gates, RS TI Boundary lubricating films: formation and lubrication mechanism SO TRIBOLOGY INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Boundary Lubrication CY AUG 03-07, 2003 CL Copper Mt, CO SP Engn Conf Int Inc DE boundary lubricating films; film formation; organometallic; surface reaction; lubrication; ZDDP ID WEAR; OXIDATION; FRICTION; CONTACT; ORIGINS; MODEL; IRON AB Boundary lubricating films are critical in effective lubrication of engine components. Their formation mechanism is not fully understood due to the lack of understanding of how molecular structures of the base oils and the antiwear additives work together. This paper examines, the base oil molecular structures and their influence on the reaction rates leading to the formation of high molecular weight organometallic compounds. Three base oils have been separated into saturates, aromatics, and polar molecules by liquid column chromatography and these fractions are studied in a micro-oxidation test. Organometallic compounds were detected by a coupled gel permeation chromatograph-atomic absorption spectroscopy. Polar molecules show the highest organometallic compound formation rate while saturates the lowest. Analysis on films from worn samples and engine components confirmed the presence of similar organometallic compounds. When combined with reaction films from antiwear additive such as zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate (ZDDP), the soft organometallic compounds provide an easily shearable sacrificial layer and the inorganic phosphate glassy structure provides the load carrying capacity. The resultant boundary film is stronger and durable. This understanding provides a design guideline for future boundary films. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hsu, SM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 73 Z9 80 U1 7 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0301-679X J9 TRIBOL INT JI Tribol. Int. PD MAR PY 2005 VL 38 IS 3 BP 305 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.triboint.2004.08.021 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 900DP UT WOS:000227195900014 ER PT J AU Sieber, JR Yu, LL Marlow, AF Butler, TA AF Sieber, JR Yu, LL Marlow, AF Butler, TA TI Uncertainty and traceability in alloy analysis by borate fusion and XRF SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INORGANIC BULK ANALYSIS; ANALYTICAL-CHEMISTRY; CALIBRATION AB Owing to the increasing demand for compliance with quality system standards, analytical laboratories may need to demonstrate the traceability of their results to the International System of Units (SI) or to the values of a certified reference material. To do that, they need to demonstrate the components of uncertainty in their analytical work. At NIST, the goal is to demonstrate traceability to SI units to ensure that results are accepted on a worldwide basis. For XRF spectrometry with borate fusion, traceability to SI is achieved through calibration with spectrometric solution standards or high-purity compounds. The method is capable of achieving relative expanded uncertainty estimates (95% confidence level) of 1% or lower. In this paper, the capability is demonstrated for low alloy-steel and an Al-Ti-Nb-W aerospace alloy. XRF results are compared with certified values and with results from atomic emission methods through a simple bias test. NIST uses the borate fusion/XRF method as part of the value assignment process for Standard Reference Materials(R). Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sieber, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.sieber@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD MAR-APR PY 2005 VL 34 IS 2 BP 153 EP 159 DI 10.1002/xrs.789 PG 7 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 902IZ UT WOS:000227349700013 ER PT J AU Aguilar, A Emmons, ED Gharaibeh, MF Covington, AM Bozek, JD Ackerman, G Canton, S Rude, B Schlachter, AS Hinojosa, G Alvarez, I Cisneros, C McLaughlin, BM Phaneuf, RA AF Aguilar, A Emmons, ED Gharaibeh, MF Covington, AM Bozek, JD Ackerman, G Canton, S Rude, B Schlachter, AS Hinojosa, G Alvarez, I Cisneros, C McLaughlin, BM Phaneuf, RA TI Photoionization of ions of the nitrogen isoelectronic sequence: experiment and theory for F2+ and Ne3+ SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID X-RAY SPECTROSCOPY; CROSS-SECTIONS; RADIATIVE RECOMBINATION; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; HIGH-RESOLUTION; TRANSITIONS; HELIUM; OXYGEN; STATES AB Absolute photoionization measurements are reported for admixtures of the ground and metastable states of F2+ from 56.3 eV to 75.6 eV, and of Ne3+ from 89.3 eV to 113.8 eV. The S-4 degrees ground-state and the D-2 degrees and P-2 degrees metastable-state fractions present in the primary ion beams were estimated from photoion yield measurements near their respective threshold energies. Most of the observed resonance structure has been spectroscopically assigned. The measurements are compared with new R-matrix theoretical calculations and with those in the TOPbase astrophysical database. The systematic behaviour of the quantum-defect parameter is analysed as a function of the nuclear charge for four Rydberg series observed in both species, and compared to published data for O+ and N. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Ctr Ciencias Fis, Cuernavaca 62131, Morelos, Mexico. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Inst Theoret Atom & Mol Phys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Queens Univ Belfast, Sch Math & Phys, Belfast BT7 1NN, Antrim, North Ireland. RP Aguilar, A (reprint author), NIST, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8421, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM phaneuf@physics.unr.edu RI Bozek, John/E-4689-2010; Bozek, John/E-9260-2010; Canton, Sophie/A-8432-2016 OI Bozek, John/0000-0001-7486-7238; NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 4 BP 343 EP 361 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/4/003 PG 19 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 914TD UT WOS:000228249700004 ER PT J AU Edwards, M DeBeer, LM Demenikov, M Galbreath, J Mahaney, TJ Nelsen, B Clark, CW AF Edwards, M DeBeer, LM Demenikov, M Galbreath, J Mahaney, TJ Nelsen, B Clark, CW TI A hybrid Lagrangian variational method for Bose-Einstein condensates in optical lattices SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATOMS AB Solving the Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation describing a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) immersed in an optical lattice potential can be a numerically demanding task. We present a variational technique for providing fast, accurate solutions of the GP equation for systems where the external potential exhibits rapid variation along one spatial direction. Examples of such systems include a BEC subjected to a one-dimensional optical lattice or a Bragg pulse. This variational method is a hybrid form of the Lagrangian variational method for the GP equation in which a hybrid trial wavefunction assumes a Gaussian form in two coordinates while being totally unspecified in the third coordinate. The resulting equations of motion consist of a quasi-one-dimensional GP equation coupled to ordinary differential equations for the widths of the transverse Gaussians. We use this method to investigate how an optical lattice can be used to move a condensate non-adiabatically. C1 Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Edwards, M (reprint author), Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. EM edwards@georgiasouthern.edu RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; DeBeer-Schmitt, Lisa/I-3313-2015 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; DeBeer-Schmitt, Lisa/0000-0001-9679-3444 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 4 BP 363 EP 376 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/4/004 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 914TD UT WOS:000228249700005 ER PT J AU DeGraffenreid, W Sansonetti, CJ AF DeGraffenreid, W Sansonetti, CJ TI Coincidence in the two-photon spectra of Li and Li-2 at 735 nm SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; LITHIUM; LI-7(2); SHIFTS; STATE AB A coincidence between the 2 S-2(1/2)-3(2)S(1/2) two-photon transition in the atomic spectrum of Li-6 and the X (1)Sigma(+)(g) -> Sigma(1)Sigma(+)(g) two-photon ro-vibrational series of Li-7(2) was observed near 735 nm in a heat pipe oven using a tunable laser and thermionic diode detection scheme. The molecular transition obscures one component of the Li-6 atomic transition. Selective detection of the atomic transition was obtained by adding an intensity-modulated laser that drives atoms from the 3S to 16P state. The coincident molecular transition and four nearby molecular lines were identified using previously determined Dunham coefficients. C1 Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DeGraffenreid, W (reprint author), Calif State Univ Sacramento, Dept Phys & Astrophys, Sacramento, CA 95819 USA. EM degraff@csus.edu; craig.sansonetti@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 EI 1361-6455 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 4 BP 457 EP 463 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/4/012 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 914TD UT WOS:000228249700013 ER PT J AU Koga, T Akashige, E Reinstein, A Bronner, A Seo, YS Shin, K Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, JC Chu, B Satija, SK AF Koga, T Akashige, E Reinstein, A Bronner, A Seo, YS Shin, K Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, JC Chu, B Satija, SK TI The effect of density fluctuations in supercritical fluids: new science and technology for polymer thin films SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Surface X-Ray and Neutron Scattering (SXNS-8) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Bad Honnef, GERMANY DE supereritical fluids; density fluctuations; polymer thin films; swelling; gas membrane; low-density polymer films ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; ELEVATED PRESSURES; SORPTION; INHOMOGENEITY; POLYCARBONATE; SURFACTANTS; SCATTERING; DILATION AB Supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) is being used increasingly as a green solvent in polymer processing. However, the major disadvantage thus far is that only a limited class of polymers, such as fluorinated or silicone-based polymers, can be dissolved in scCO(2). Here we show that large density fluctuations in scCO(2) can significantly enhance the solubility of scCO(2) with polymer thin films even when the bulk polymers have very poor miscibility with scCO(2). In addition, by utilizing quick solvent evaporation of CO2, we could preserve the swollen structures, resulting in low-density polymer thin films where nanometer-scale porosity was significantly introduced. The use of the low-density polymer thin films could allow us to develop a new gas membrane that could selectively permit a large flow of small molecule gases, such as O-2 and CO2, while completely blocking out larger gases or particulates. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Rambam Mesivta High Sch, Lawrence, NY 11559 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. K JIST, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM tkoga@notes.ce.sunysb.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010; Shin, Kwanwoo /C-4979-2012; OI Shin, Kwanwoo/0000-0002-7563-8581 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 357 IS 1-2 BP 73 EP 79 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.11.025 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 901VB UT WOS:000227309100015 ER PT J AU Hamilton, WA Porcar, L Magid, LJ AF Hamilton, WA Porcar, L Magid, LJ TI Using neutron reflectometry and reflection geometry 'near-surface" SANS to investigate surfactant micelle organization at a solid-solution interface SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Conference on Surface X-Ray and Neutron Scattering (SXNS-8) CY JUN 28-JUL 02, 2004 CL Bad Honnef, GERMANY DE neutron reflectometry; SANS; CTAB; micelles; Poiseuille shear ID SCATTERING; SHEAR; CELL AB We have used simultaneous neutron reflectometry (NR) and reflection geometry "near-surface" small angle neutron scattering (NS-SANS) to investigate the ordering of cetyltrimethylammoniurn bromide (CTAB) micelles in aqueous (D2O) solution in the proximity of a quartz surface as a function of concentration and temperature. The NR measurements allow us to determine coherent micellar organization within a few thousand angstroms of the interface while NS-SANS allows simultaneous monitoring of "bulk" states to the greater depth of grazing incidence penetration into the solution, typically 10-100 mum. We illustrate the utility of this monitoring using the example of an apparent Poiseuille surface shear-induced change in micellar organization which is more probably the result of slight temperature increase. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Hamilton, WA (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM HamiltonWA@ornl.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB 28 PY 2005 VL 357 IS 1-2 BP 88 EP 93 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.11.028 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 901VB UT WOS:000227309100018 ER PT J AU Odstrcil, D Pizzo, VJ Arge, CN AF Odstrcil, D Pizzo, VJ Arge, CN TI Propagation of the 12 May 1997 interplanetary coronal mass ejection in evolving solar wind structures SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC CLOUD; 3-DIMENSIONAL PROPAGATION; INNER HELIOSPHERE; HOLES; FIELD; CME; MINIMUM; SHOCKS; STORMS; EVENT AB Recently, we simulated the 12 May 1997 coronal mass ejection ( CME) event with a numerical three- dimensional magnetohydrodynamic model ( Odstrcil et al., 2004), in which the background solar wind was determined from the Science Applications International Corporation ( SAIC) coronal model ( Riley et al., 2001) and the transient disturbance was determined from the cone model ( Zhao et al., 2002). Although we reproduced with some fidelity the arrival of the shock and interplanetary CME at Earth, detailed analysis of the simulations showed a poorly defined shock and discrepancies in the standoff distance between the shock and the driving ejecta and in the inclination of the shock with respect to the Sun- Earth line. In this paper, we investigate these problems in more detail. First, we use an alternative coronal outflow model, the so- called Wang- Sheeley- Arge- Mount Wilson Observatory ( WSA- MWO) model ( Arge and Pizzo, 2000; Arge et al., 2002; Arge et al., 2004), to assess the effect of using synoptic, full rotation coronal maps that differ in method of preparation. Second, we investigate how differences in the presumed evolution of the coronal stream structure affect the propagation of the disturbance. We incorporate two time- dependent boundary conditions for the ambient solar wind as determined by the WSA model, one derived from pseudo daily updated maps and one derived from artificially modified full rotation maps. Numerical results from these different scenarios are compared with solar wind observations at Earth. We find that heliospheric simulations with the SAIC and WSA full rotation models provide qualitatively similar parameters of the background solar wind and transient disturbances at Earth. Improved agreement with the observations is achieved by artificially modified maps that simulate the rapid displacement of the coronal hole boundary after the CME eruption. We also consider how multipoint temporal profiles of solar wind parameters and multiperspective synthetic white light images emulating upcoming STEREO spacecraft observations might be used to differentiate between different event scenarios. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. USAF, Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. RP Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM dusan.odstrcil@noaa.gov; pizzo@noaa.gov; nick.arge@hanscom.af.mil NR 31 TC 166 Z9 169 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD FEB 26 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A2 AR A02106 DI 10.1029/2004JA010745 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 904WD UT WOS:000227527900001 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK AF Irikura, KK TI Mass scaling for vibrational frequencies from ab initio calculations SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; HARTREE-FOCK; FORCE-FIELDS; ENERGIES; SPECTRA AB Ab initio calculations of harmonic vibrational frequencies deviate from observed vibrational spectra because of errors in the ab initio potential and anharmonicity. Based upon the Morse model potential, an effective mass can be used to mimic anharmonic effects. Exploratory calculations show that this strategy is effective for diatomic molecules. Parametric expressions are provided for predicting fundamental frequencies and zero-point energies from calculated harmonic frequencies. (C) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp 100, Phys & Chem Properties Div, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp 100, Phys & Chem Properties Div, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karl.irikura@nist.gov RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 20 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2005 VL 403 IS 4-6 BP 275 EP 279 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2005.01.022 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 901PM UT WOS:000227294400009 ER PT J AU Ciezak, JA Trevino, SF AF Ciezak, JA Trevino, SF TI The inelastic neutron scattering spectra of alpha-3-amino-5-nitro-1,2,4-2H-triazole: Experiment and DFT calculations SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HOT-SPOT FORMATION; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; AB-INITIO; SOLIDS AB The inelastic neutron scattering (INS) spectrum of alpha-3-amino-5-nitro-1,2,4-triazole is presented through 1200 cm(-1). A comparison of the INS spectrum with an isolated molecule B3LYP/6-311G** calculation reveals generally good frequency and intensity agreement with two notable differences in intensity. Periodic density functional theory (DFT) calculations are employed to determine whether the intermolecular hydrogen bonding is the origin of these differences between the B3LYP/6-311G** and INS spectrum. (C) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ciezak, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jciezak@arl.army.mil NR 21 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2005 VL 403 IS 4-6 BP 329 EP 333 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2006.01.033 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 901PM UT WOS:000227294400019 ER PT J AU Burgess, I Li, M Horswell, SL Szymanski, G Lipkowski, J Satija, S Majewski, J AF Burgess, I Li, M Horswell, SL Szymanski, G Lipkowski, J Satija, S Majewski, J TI Influence of the electric field on a bio-mimetic film supported on a gold electrode SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Organized Molecular Films CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Peking Univ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Minist Sci & Technol, P&G, BASF DE biological membrane; phospholipid vesicles; quartz ID NEUTRON REFLECTIVITY; PHOSPHOLIPID-VESICLES; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE; BILAYERS; CHANNELS; SURFACE; LAYERS AB A model biological membrane was formed by fusion of mixed cholesterol and DMPC (dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine) phospholipid vesicles onto a gold-coated quartz support. The gold surface was charged and the influence of the charge at the solid support on the structure and integrity of the phospholipid bilayer was investigated using the specular reflection of neutrons and electrochemical measurements. When the surface charge density is close to zero, the lipid vesicles fuse directly on the surface to form a bilayer with a small number of defects and hence low water content. When the support's surface is negatively charged the film swells and incorporates water due to the field driven poration of the membrane. When the charge density is more negative then -8 mu C cm(-1) the bilayer is detached from the metal surface. However, it remains in close proximity to the metal electrode, suspended on a thin cushion of water. The film thicknesses, calculated from neutron reflectivity, have allowed us to determine the tilt angle of the lipid molecules as a function of the support's charge density. The lipid molecules are tilted 55 degrees from the surface normal at zero charge density but become significantly more perpendicular (30 degrees tilt angle) at charge densities more negative than -8 mu C cm(-1). The tilt angle measurements are in very good agreement with previous IR studies. This paper describes the highlights of a more in-depth study which is fully described in [1]. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Guelph, Dept Chem & Biochem, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Majewski, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE12, MLNSCE, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jarek@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 27 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7765 J9 COLLOID SURFACE B JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces PD FEB 25 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 117 EP 122 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.10.029 PG 6 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA 905DJ UT WOS:000227547600002 PM 15708498 ER PT J AU Miller, CE Majewski, J Kjaer, K Weygand, M Faller, R Satija, S Kuhl, TL AF Miller, CE Majewski, J Kjaer, K Weygand, M Faller, R Satija, S Kuhl, TL TI Neutron and X-ray scattering studies of cholera toxin interactions with lipid monolayers at the air-liquid interface SO COLLOIDS AND SURFACES B-BIOINTERFACES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Organized Molecular Films CY OCT 05-10, 2003 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Peking Univ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Minist Sci & Technol, P&G, BASF DE neutron reflectivity; X-ray reflectivity; X-ray grazing incidence diffraction; protein binding; model biomembranes; X-ray beam damage ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE AB Using neutron/X-ray reflectivity and X-ray grazing incidence diffraction (GID), we have characterized the structure of mixed DPPE:GM, lipid monolayers before and during the binding of cholera toxin (CTAB(5)) or its B subunit (CTB5). Structural parameters such as the density and thickness of the lipid layer, extension of the GM(1) oligosaccharide headgroup, and orientation and position of the protein upon binding are reported. Both CTAB5 and CTB5 were measured to have similar to 50% coverage when bound to the lipid monolayer. X-ray GID experiments show that both the lipid monolayer and the cholera toxin layer are crystalline. The effects of X-ray beam damage have been assessed and the monolayer/toxin structure does not change with time after protein binding has saturated. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Biophys Grad Grp, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Riso Natl Lab, Dept Phys, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Majewski, J (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jarek@lanl.gov RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012 NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-7765 J9 COLLOID SURFACE B JI Colloid Surf. B-Biointerfaces PD FEB 25 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 159 EP 163 DI 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2004.10.009 PG 5 WC Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Biophysics; Chemistry; Materials Science GA 905DJ UT WOS:000227547600010 PM 15708506 ER PT J AU Douglas, TA Sturm, M Simpson, WR Brooks, S Lindberg, SE Perovich, DK AF Douglas, TA Sturm, M Simpson, WR Brooks, S Lindberg, SE Perovich, DK TI Elevated mercury measured in snow and frost flowers near Arctic sea ice leads SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR SUNRISE; TROPOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERIC MERCURY; GASEOUS MERCURY; SURFACE; OZONE; DEPLETION; SPRINGTIME; GROWTH; AREA AB Elevated mercury concentrations have been reported in arctic coastal snow far from emission sources. The mercury is deposited during mercury depletion events (MDEs), a set of photochemical atmospheric reactions involving reactive halogens. The highest mercury concentrations are clustered near the coast, leading to speculation that sea ice or sea ice leads play a role in MDEs. The nature of this connection is not fully understood. We report mercury concentrations up to 820 ng/L in snow and frost flowers along sea ice leads near Barrow, Alaska. These concentrations are nine times higher than values from nearby coastal snow and are almost half of the mercury maximum contaminant level in United States drinking water. The high values were found only near leads that had convective plumes above open water suggesting that the same processes that produce a supersaturated environment for water vapor near sea ice leads may be instrumental in mercury deposition. C1 USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Chem, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Environm Sci, Oak Ridge, TN USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Douglas, TA (reprint author), USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AK USA. EM thomas.a.douglas@erdc.usace.army.mil RI Simpson, William/I-2859-2014 OI Simpson, William/0000-0002-8596-7290 NR 22 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 25 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 4 AR L04502 DI 10.1029/2004GL022132 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 904VE UT WOS:000227525400008 ER PT J AU McDermott, R Simmonds, RW Steffen, M Cooper, KB Cicak, K Osborn, KD Oh, S Pappas, DP Martinis, JM AF McDermott, R Simmonds, RW Steffen, M Cooper, KB Cicak, K Osborn, KD Oh, S Pappas, DP Martinis, JM TI Simultaneous state measurement of coupled Josephson phase qubits SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CHARGE QUBITS AB One of the many challenges of building a scalable quantum computer is single-shot measurement of all the quantum bits (qubits). We have used simultaneous single-shot measurement of coupled Josephson phase qubits to directly probe interaction of the qubits in the time domain. The concept of measurement crosstalk is introduced, and we show that its effects are minimized by careful adjustment of the timing of the measurements. We observe the antiphase oscillation of the two-qubit 101) and 110) states, consistent with quantum mechanical entanglement of these states, thereby opening the possibility for full characterization of multiqubit gates and elementary quantum algorithms. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Martinis, JM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM martinis@physics.ucsb.edu NR 13 TC 242 Z9 248 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 25 PY 2005 VL 307 IS 5713 BP 1299 EP 1302 DI 10.1126/science.1107572 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 901WP UT WOS:000227313200055 PM 15731451 ER PT J AU Wang, MH Knobelspiesse, KD McClain, CR AF Wang, MH Knobelspiesse, KD McClain, CR TI Study of the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) aerosol optical property data over ocean in combination with the ocean color products SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SUN PHOTOMETER; SAHARAN DUST; AVHRR DATA AB The primary goals of the Sea- Viewing Wide Field- of- View Sensor ( SeaWiFS) are to routinely provide the global ocean color and ocean bio- optical property data. In retrieving the ocean near- surface signals from SeaWiFS- measured radiances, however, the aerosol effects must be accurately estimated and removed. Therefore SeaWiFS also produces the aerosol optical property data ( in particular, the aerosol optical thickness and Angstromngstrom exponent) over global ocean. Since September of 1997, SeaWiFS has generated both global aerosol ( over ocean) and ocean color data for more than 6.5 years and is still in producing these products with very good sensor performance. This makes SeaWiFS the longest in history for providing simultaneously the global aerosol and ocean color products. In this paper we describe the SeaWiFS aerosol products over ocean in combination with the ocean color data. We assert through various examples that, because SeaWiFS simultaneously retrieves both atmospheric and ocean color data, the SeaWiFS products are useful to study aerosol and ocean variations in climatic forcing, biogeochemical cycling, and radiative effects in the global and regional scales. C1 Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, E RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM menghua.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010; Knobelspiesse, Kirk/S-5902-2016 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125; Knobelspiesse, Kirk/0000-0001-5986-1751 NR 70 TC 67 Z9 68 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 24 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D10 AR D10S06 DI 10.1029/2004JD004950 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 904VR UT WOS:000227526700002 ER PT J AU Wood, AW Kumar, A Lettenmaier, DP AF Wood, AW Kumar, A Lettenmaier, DP TI A retrospective assessment of National Centers for Environmental Prediction climate model-based ensemble hydrologic forecasting in the western United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-RESOURCES; RIVER-BASIN; EL-NINO; OUTPUT; STREAMFLOW; ENSO AB We assess the potential forecast skill of a climate model-based approach for seasonal ensemble hydrologic and streamflow forecasting for the western United States. By using climate model ensemble forecasts and ensembles formed via the resampling of observations, we distinguish hydrologic forecast skill resulting from the predictable evolution of initial hydrologic conditions from that derived from the climate model forecasts. Monthly climate model ensembles of precipitation and temperature produced by the National Centers for Environmental prediction global spectral model (GSM) are downscaled for use as forcings of the variable infiltration capacity (VIC) hydrologic model. VIC then simulates ensembles of streamflow and spatially distributed hydrologic variables such as snowpack, soil moisture, and runoff. The regional averages of the ensemble forcings and derived hydrologic variables were evaluated over five regions: the Pacific Northwest, California, the Great Basin, the Colorado River basin, and the upper Rio Grande River basin. The skill assessment focuses on a retrospective 21-year period (1979-1999) during which GSM retrospective forecast ensembles (termed hindcasts), created using similar procedures to GSM real-time forecasts, are available. The observational verification data set for the hindcasts was a retrospective hydroclimatology at 1/8degrees similar to - 1/degrees4 consisting of gridded observations of temperature and precipitation and gridded hydrologic simulation results (for hydrologic variables and streamflow) based on the observed meteorological inputs. The GSM hindcast skill was assessed relative to that of a naive ensemble climatology forecast and to that of ensemble streamflow prediction (ESP) hindcasts, a forecast baseline sharing the same initial condition information as the GSM-based hindcasts. We found that the unconditional (all years) GSM hindcasts for regionally averaged variables provided practically no skill improvement over the ESP hindcasts and did not lead to improved regional hydrologic variable or streamflow forecasts. GSM-based conditional (strong El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) years only) hindcasts, however, had higher skill in a number of hindcast months for surface air temperature, with mixed results (better and worse) for precipitation, depending on location and season. Consequently, for California and to a lesser extent the Pacific Northwest and Great Basin, hydrologic hindcast skill in winter and fall increased enough under the strong ENSO composite that streamflow hindcasts were measurably better than with ESP. The opposite was found, however, for the Colorado and upper Rio Grande River basins, where the ENSO teleconnection is somewhat weaker. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Natl Weather Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Wood, AW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Box 352700, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aww@hydro.washington.edu RI Wood, Andrew/L-5133-2013; lettenmaier, dennis/F-8780-2011 OI Wood, Andrew/0000-0002-6231-0085; lettenmaier, dennis/0000-0003-3317-1327 NR 42 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 24 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D4 AR D04105 DI 10.1029/2004JD004508 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 904VK UT WOS:000227526000001 ER PT J AU Yu, SC Dennis, R Roselle, S Nenes, A Walker, J Eder, B Schere, K Swall, J Robarge, W AF Yu, SC Dennis, R Roselle, S Nenes, A Walker, J Eder, B Schere, K Swall, J Robarge, W TI An assessment of the ability of three-dimensional air quality models with current thermodynamic equilibrium models to predict aerosol NO3- SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN UNITED-STATES; CONTINUED DEVELOPMENT; AMMONIUM-NITRATE; SULFATE; GAS; DISSOCIATION; VALIDATION; PROJECT; PHASES; SITE AB The partitioning of total nitrate (TNO3)and total ammonium (TNH4) between gas and aerosol phases is studied with two thermodynamic equilibrium models, ISORROPIA and the aerosol inorganics model ( AIM), and three data sets: high time resolution measurement data from the 1999 Atlanta Supersite Experiment ( summer case) and the 2002 Pittsburgh Air Quality Study (PAQS) Supersite Experiment ( winter case), and 12-hour measurement data from the Clinton site, North Carolina, in 1999. At the Atlanta site, both models reproduced a large percentage of the observed aerosol NH4+ and HNO3 (NH4+: > 94 % and HNO3: > 86 %) within a factor of 1.5, whereas neither model reproduced a majority of observed aerosol NO3- and NH3 ( NO3-: < 48 % and NH3: < 51 %) within a factor of 2. At the Pittsburgh site, both models reproduced more than 76 % of observed NO3- within a factor of 2. At the Clinton site, both models performed a little better on aerosol NO3- (47-58 % within a factor of 1.5) than at the Atlanta site but worse than at the Pittsburgh site. Sensitivity test of thermodynamic models with Gaussian random errors indicates that in many cases, measurement errors in SO42- and TNH4 can explain a major fraction of the discrepancies between the equilibrium model predictions and observations in partitioning of TNO3. Comparison of predictions of the three-dimensional (3-D) Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model with the observations over the continental United States indicates that the performance of the 3-D model for NO3-, HNO3, NH4+, and NH3 strongly depends on its performance for TNO3, TNH4, and SO42-. Tests show that errors associated with SO42- and TNH4 predictions of the 3-D model can result in the thermodynamic model calculation replicating only 47 % and 60 % of base case NO3- within a factor of 2 for summer and winter cases, respectively. It was found that errors in TNH4 are more critical than errors in SO42- to prediction of NO3-. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Soil Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM yu.shaocai@epa.gov RI yu, shaocai/G-7806-2011; yu, shaocai/F-1394-2014 NR 40 TC 71 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 24 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D7 AR D07S13 DI 10.1029/2004JD004718 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 904VO UT WOS:000227526400001 ER PT J AU O'Loughlin, AJ O'Sullivan, CJ Ravikumar, N Friel, AM Elliott, JT Morrison, JJ AF O'Loughlin, AJ O'Sullivan, CJ Ravikumar, N Friel, AM Elliott, JT Morrison, JJ TI Effects of thrombin, PAR-1 activating peptide and a PAR-1 antagonist on umbilical artery resistance in vitro SO REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY AND ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENDOTHELIUM-DEPENDENT RELAXATION; RECEPTORS; INFLAMMATION; CELLS AB Background: The non-thrombotic effects of thrombin in cardiovascular tissues, as mediated via the protease activated receptors (PARs), and particularly PAR-1, have been the focus of much recent research. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of thrombin, a specific PAR-1 activating peptide (PAR1-AP), and a PAR-1 antagonist on human umbilical artery tone in vitro. Methods: Human umbilical artery samples were obtained from 17 women at term. Arterial rings were suspended under physiologic conditions for isometric recording. The in vitro effects of thrombin (0.5 units/mL to 3 units/mL), PAR1-AP TFLLR-NH2 [10(-9) to 10(-6) M], and PAR-1 antagonist (N-trans cinnamoyl-p-fluoroPhe- p-guanidinoPhe-Leu-Arg-Orn-NH2) [10(-9) M to 10(5) M] on umbilical artery tone were measured. Results: Both thrombin and TFLLR-NH2 exerted a potent cumulative vasodilatory effect on human umbilical artery resistance (P < 0.001). The mean net maximal inhibition (MMI) for thrombin was 53.05% (n = 6; SEM = 1.43) at tissue bath concentration of 3 units/mL. The MMI with TFLLR-NH2 was 61.50% (n = 6; SEM = 1.43) at bath concentration of 10(-6) M. In comparison to vehicle control, the PAR-1 antagonist did not show a significant relaxant or contractile effect (P > 0.05). Conclusion: These findings highlight a potential role for thrombin and PAR-1 receptors in vascular regulation of feto-placental blood flow in normal pregnancy, and in association with the vascular lesions associated with IUGR and pre-eclampsia. C1 Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Univ Coll Hosp Galway, Inst Clin Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Galway, Ireland. NIST, Div Biotechnol, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Morrison, JJ (reprint author), Natl Univ Ireland Univ Coll Galway, Univ Coll Hosp Galway, Inst Clin Sci, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Newcastle Rd, Galway, Ireland. EM aonghus_o_loughlin@hotmail.com; crosullivan@hotmail.com; nandini@iolfree.ie; anne.friel@nuigalway.ie; jelliott@nist.gov; john.morrison@nuigalway.ie NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1477-7827 J9 REPROD BIOL ENDOCRIN JI Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol. PD FEB 24 PY 2005 VL 3 BP 1 EP 7 AR 8 DI 10.1186/1477-7827-3-8 PG 7 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Reproductive Biology SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Reproductive Biology GA 956FZ UT WOS:000231286300001 PM 15730558 ER PT J AU Doherty, SJ Quinn, PK Jefferson, A Carrico, CM Anderson, TL Hegg, D AF Doherty, SJ Quinn, PK Jefferson, A Carrico, CM Anderson, TL Hegg, D TI A comparison and summary of aerosol optical properties as observed in situ from aircraft, ship, and land during ACE-Asia SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; COLUMN CLOSURE; WATER-VAPOR; DUST; SIZE; NEPHELOMETER; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY AB [1] During the ACE-Asia campaign in March-May 2001, in situ measurements of aerosol optical properties were made from multiple airborne and land- or ship-based platforms. Using a suite of direct interplatform comparisons and a campaign-wide statistical comparison, we test the precision of these measurements, and we determine whether the platforms sampled similar aerosol. Data included in the study are from the National Center for Atmospheric Research C-130 aircraft; the CIRPAS Twin Otter aircraft; the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) ship R. V. Ronald H. Brown; and the Gosan surface station on Jeju Island, located off the southern tip of South Korea. Comparisons were made of total and submicron light scattering at 450, 550, and 700 nm; total and submicron absorption at 550 nm; the <(A)over circle>ngstrom exponent; single scatter albedo of the total aerosol, submicron and supermicron aerosol at 550 nm; hemispheric backscatter fraction at 550 nm; and light scattering hygroscopic growth at 550 nm. For the campaign-wide comparison, the data are broken down by light scattering fine mode fraction since the aerosol in the ACE-Asia study region were a variable mix of pollution, dust, and sea salt. Finally, we calculate how the observed uncertainties in the aerosol optical properties propagate to uncertainties in top-of-atmosphere radiative forcing. Single scatter albedo showed excellent agreement among all platforms other than the Twin Otter, with discrepancies generally < 0.02. These data sets combine to give campaign-wide values of single scatter albedo of 0.885 +/- 0.023 for the submicron aerosol (i.e. pollution) and 0.957 +/- 0.031 for the supermicron aerosol (which, for these data, was predominantly dust). The data also indicated that, as expected, the Low Turbulent Inlet on the C-130 produced enhanced concentrations of coarse mode aerosol. There also may have been significant coarse mode particle losses on the other platforms. These effects combined to produce generally lower fine mode fractions and <(A)over circle>ngstrom exponents on the C-130 than on the other platforms. Large discrepancies in hemispheric backscatter fraction and light scattering hygroscopic growth were observed in both the side-by-side and statistical comparisons. We are not able to explain these differences, though possible causes are discussed. Studies of the TSI, Inc. nephelometer backscatter measurement and of the two methods used here to measure hygroscopic growth are needed to clarify the source of these observed discrepancies. A better understanding of the effects of nonsphericity on hemispheric backscatter fraction is also needed. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Urbana, IL USA. RP Doherty, SJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sarahd@atmos.washington.edu RI Jefferson, Anne/K-4793-2012; Doherty, Sarah/D-5592-2015; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Doherty, Sarah/0000-0002-7796-6968; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 37 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 23 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D4 AR D04201 DI 10.1029/2004JD004964 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 904VJ UT WOS:000227525900001 ER PT J AU Kaufman, YJ Koren, I Remer, LA Tanre, D Ginoux, P Fan, S AF Kaufman, YJ Koren, I Remer, LA Tanre, D Ginoux, P Fan, S TI Dust transport and deposition observed from the Terra-Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) spacecraft over the Atlantic ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-SIZE DISTRIBUTION; SUN PHOTOMETER MEASUREMENTS; EQUATORIAL NORTH-ATLANTIC; SAHARAN DUST; MINERAL DUST; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SOIL DUST; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; SPECTRAL RADIANCES AB [1] Meteorological observations, in situ data, and satellite images of dust episodes were used already in the 1970s to estimate that 100 Tg of dust are transported from Africa over the Atlantic Ocean every year between June and August and are deposited in the Atlantic Ocean and the Americas. Desert dust is a main source of nutrients to oceanic biota and the Amazon forest, but it deteriorates air quality, as shown for Florida. Dust affects the Earth radiation budget, thus participating in climate change and feedback mechanisms. There is an urgent need for new tools for quantitative evaluation of the dust distribution, transport, and deposition. The Terra spacecraft, launched at the dawn of the last millennium, provides the first systematic well-calibrated multispectral measurements from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS) instrument for daily global analysis of aerosol. MODIS data are used here to distinguish dust from smoke and maritime aerosols and to evaluate the African dust column concentration, transport, and deposition. We found that 240 +/- 80 Tg of dust are transported annually from Africa to the Atlantic Ocean, 140 +/- 40 Tg are deposited in the Atlantic Ocean, 50 Tg fertilize the Amazon Basin ( four times as previous estimates, thus explaining a paradox regarding the source of nutrition to the Amazon forest), 50 Tg reach the Caribbean, and 20 Tg return to Africa and Europe. The results are compared favorably with dust transport models for maximum particle diameter between 6 and 12 mm. This study is a first example of quantitative use of MODIS aerosol for a geophysical research. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CNR, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Sci & Tech Lille Flandres Artois, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Kaufman, YJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,Route 1,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM kaufman@climate.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265 NR 66 TC 136 Z9 136 U1 2 U2 25 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 23 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D10 AR D10S12 DI 10.1029/2003JD004436 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 904VQ UT WOS:000227526600001 ER PT J AU Liu, JP Curry, JA Rossow, WB Key, JR Wang, XJ AF Liu, JP Curry, JA Rossow, WB Key, JR Wang, XJ TI Comparison of surface radiative flux data sets over the Arctic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SEA-ICE; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; REANALYSIS; BUDGET AB Recent satellite data analysis and reanalysis projects have provided an unprecedented wealth of data sets relevant to surface energy budget in the Arctic Ocean. To assess how well we can reconstruct the variations of surface radiative fluxes used as boundary conditions to force sea ice models, the surface temperature, surface downwelling shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes of the (1) Cloud and Surface Parameter Retrieval (CASPR), (2) International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP-FD), (3) National Centers for Environmental Prediction Reanalysis II (NCEP- R2), and (4) European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast 40-Year Reanalysis (ERA- 40) were evaluated over the period November 1997 to September 1998. At the local scale the accuracy of these surface parameters was compared to the high-quality in situ measurements from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) over the seasonal cycle and during particular storm events. The CASPR and NCEP- R2 are closer to the SHEBA for the surface temperature. The CASPR and ISCCP-FD are more accurate for the surface downward shortwave radiative fluxes. The ERA- 40 agrees well with the SHEBA for the surface downward longwave radiative fluxes. At the basin scale the consistency of dominant spatial/temporal variability of these surface parameters across different data sets was examined. All data sets reproduce the patterns associated with the seasonal cycle, but they vary in their ability to capture patterns linked to synoptic variability. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Polar Res Inst China, Key Lab Polar Sci, Shanghai, Peoples R China. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. RP Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM jliu@eas.gatech.edu; curryja@eas.gatech.edu; wrossow@giss.nasa.gov; jkey@ssec.wisc.edu; xuanjiw@ssec.wisc.edu RI Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015; LIU, JIPING/N-6696-2016 OI Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050; NR 21 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD FEB 22 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C2 AR C02015 DI 10.1029/2004JC002381 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 904VU UT WOS:000227527000004 ER PT J AU Li, JZ Dasgupta, PK Luke, W AF Li, JZ Dasgupta, PK Luke, W TI Measurement of gaseous and aqueous trace formaldehyde - Revisiting the pentanedione reaction and field applications SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE formaldehyde; light emitting diodes; fluorescence; diffusion scrubber ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR-DIOXIDE; GUIDE-BASED FLUOROMETRY; FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION; SENSITIVE DETECTION; DIFFUSION SCRUBBER; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; MASS-SPECTROMETRY AB The measurement of atmospheric formaldehyde has been of interest to the corresponding author for the last two decades. The initial approach based on the Hantzsch reaction with 2,4-pentanedione (PD) and ammonium acetate was later abandoned in favor of 1,3-cyclohexanedione (CHD) as the beta-diketone because of an order of magnitude better limits of detection (LOD). Subsequently, it was discovered that at very high H2O2 to HCAO ratios, the CHD chemistry has a perceptible positive interference from H2O2. In this paper, we review techniques for the measurement of HCHO that have appeared since an account of a CHD-based instrument to measure HCHO was last published, outline our rationale to return to PD-based chemistry, and show that nearly equivalent LODs (16 nM aqueous, 3 pmol, 70 pptv gaseous) can be obtained with reagent components that are separated rather than a single mixed reagent in combination with a fluorescence detector that utilizes multiple high intensity light emitting diodes (LEDs) for excitation without the benefit of a Teflon AF based waveguide, the use of which has become more difficult due to legal restrictions. We present design and construction details of both a ground-based instrument and an instrument intended for aircraft use and provide illustrative field data for both. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, R E AR, SSMC 3, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Dasgupta, PK (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM sandyd@ttu.edu RI Luke, Winston/D-1594-2016 OI Luke, Winston/0000-0002-1993-2241 NR 99 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD FEB 21 PY 2005 VL 531 IS 1 BP 51 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2004.09.087 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 904XP UT WOS:000227532200007 ER PT J AU Pufall, MR Rippard, WH Kaka, S Silva, TJ Russek, SE AF Pufall, MR Rippard, WH Kaka, S Silva, TJ Russek, SE TI Frequency modulation of spin-transfer oscillators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Spin-polarized de electric current flowing into a magnetic layer can induce precession of the magnetization at a frequency that depends on current. We show that addition of an ac current to this dc bias current results in a frequency modulated (FM) spectral output, generating sidebands spaced at the modulation frequency. The sideband amplitudes and shift of the center frequency with drive amplitude are in good agreement with a nonlinear FM model that takes into account the nonlinear frequency-current relation generally induced by spin transfer. Single-domain simulations show that ac current modulates the cone angle of the magnetization precession, in turn modulating the frequency via the demagnetizing field. These results are promising for communications and signal processing applications of spin-transfer oscillators. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 11 TC 104 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 21 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 8 AR 082506 DI 10.1063/1.1875762 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 905YZ UT WOS:000227609000047 ER PT J AU Yurganov, LN Duchatelet, P Dzhola, AV Edwards, DP Hase, F Kramer, I Mahieu, E Mellqvist, J Notholt, J Novelli, PC Rockmann, A Scheel, HE Schneider, M Schulz, A Strandberg, A Sussmann, R Tanimoto, H Velazco, V Drummond, JR Gille, JC AF Yurganov, LN Duchatelet, P Dzhola, AV Edwards, DP Hase, F Kramer, I Mahieu, E Mellqvist, J Notholt, J Novelli, PC Rockmann, A Scheel, HE Schneider, M Schulz, A Strandberg, A Sussmann, R Tanimoto, H Velazco, V Drummond, JR Gille, JC TI Increased Northern Hemispheric carbon monoxide burden in the troposphere in 2002 and 2003 detected from the ground and from space SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOREAL FOREST-FIRES; SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CO; JAPAN AB Carbon monoxide total column amounts in the atmosphere have been measured in the High Northern Hemisphere (30degrees - 90degrees N, HNH) between January 2002 and December 2003 using infrared spectrometers of high and moderate resolution and the Sun as a light source. They were compared to ground-level CO mixing ratios and to total column amounts measured from space by the Terra/MOPITT instrument. All these data reveal increased CO abundances in 2002 - 2003 in comparison to the unperturbed 2000 - 2001 period. Maximum anomalies were observed in September 2002 and August 2003. Using a simple two-box model, the corresponding annual CO emission anomalies (referenced to 2000 - 2001 period) have been found equal to 95 Tg in 2002 and 130 Tg in 2003, thus close to those for 1996 and 1998. A good correlation with hot spots detected by a satellite radiometer allows one to assume strong boreal forest fires, occurred mainly in Russia, as a source of the increased CO burdens. C1 JAMSTEC, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium. Obukhov Inst Atmospher Phys, Moscow, Russia. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, ASF, IMK, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. Univ Bremen, D-2800 Bremen 33, Germany. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IFU, IMK, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Univ Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Yurganov, LN (reprint author), JAMSTEC, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. EM leonid@jamstec.go.jp RI Tanimoto, Hiroshi/E-6779-2010; Velazco, Voltaire/H-2280-2011; Sussmann, Ralf/K-3999-2012; Hase, Frank/A-7497-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Drummond, James/O-7467-2014; Schneider, Matthias/B-1441-2013; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016; OI Tanimoto, Hiroshi/0000-0002-5424-9923; Mellqvist, Johan/0000-0002-6578-9220; Velazco, Voltaire/0000-0002-1376-438X; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286 NR 31 TC 72 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 21 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 563 EP 573 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900EU UT WOS:000227199000003 ER PT J AU Aslam, S Vest, RE Franz, D Yan, F Zhao, YG Mott, B AF Aslam, S Vest, RE Franz, D Yan, F Zhao, YG Mott, B TI External quantum efficiency of Pt/n-GaN Schottky diodes in the spectral range 5-500nm SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE Schottky photodiode; GaN; leakage current; quantum efficiency; spatial uniformity; radiation hardness ID FAR-ULTRAVIOLET; UV DETECTORS; PHOTODIODES; PHOTODETECTORS; REGION AB The external quantum efficiency in the spectral wavelength range 5-500 nm of a large active area Pt/n-type GaN Schottky photodiode that exhibits low reverse bias leakage current, is reported. The Schottky photodiodes were fabricated from n(-)/n(+) epitaxial layers grown by low pressure metalorganic vapour phase epitaxy on single crystal c-plane sapphire. The current voltage (I- V) characteristics of several 0.25 cm 2 devices are presented together with the capacitance-voltage (C- V) characteristics of one of these devices. A leakage current as low as 14 pA at 0. 5 V reverse bias is reported, for a 0.25 cm 2 diode. The ultraviolet quantum efficiency measurements show that the diodes can be used as radiation hard detectors for the 5-365 tun spectral range without the use of visible blocking filters. A peak responsivity of 77.5 mA/W at 320 nm is reported for one of the fabricated devices, corresponding to a spectral detectivity, D* = 1.5 x 10(14) cm Hz(1/2) W-1. The average detectivity between 250 and 350 run, for the same device, is reported to be D* = 1.3 x 10(14) cm, Hz(1/2) W-1. The spatial responsivity uniformity variation was established, using H-2 Lyman-alpha radiation, to be +/-3% across the surface of a typical 0.25cm(2) diode. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Raytheon ITSS, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Keithley Instruments Inc, Cleveland, OH 44139 USA. RP Aslam, S (reprint author), Raytheon ITSS, 4400 Forbes Blvd, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. EM saslam@pop200.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Aslam, Shahid/D-1099-2012 NR 25 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 21 PY 2005 VL 539 IS 1-2 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.09.042 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 904DG UT WOS:000227475700009 ER PT J AU Knappe, S Schwindt, PDD Shah, V Hollberg, L Kitching, J Liew, L Moreland, J AF Knappe, S Schwindt, PDD Shah, V Hollberg, L Kitching, J Liew, L Moreland, J TI A chip-scale atomic clock based on (87)Rb with improved frequency stability SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID VAPOR AB We demonstrate a microfabricated atomic clock physics package based on coherent population trapping (CPT) on the D(1) line of (87)Rb atoms. The package occupies a volume of 12 mm(3) and requires 195 mW of power to operate at an ambient temperature of 200 degreesC. Compared to a previous microfabricated clock exciting the D(2) transition in Cs [1], this (87)Rb clock shows significantly improved short- and long-term stability. The instability at short times is 4 x 10(-11) / tau(1/2) and the improvement over the Cs device is due mainly to an increase in resonance amplitude. At longer times ( tau > 50 s), the improvement results from the reduction of a slow drift to - 5 x 10(-9) / day. The drift is most likely caused by a chemical reaction of nitrogen and barium inside the cell. When probing the atoms on the D(1) line, spin-exchange collisions between Rb atoms and optical pumping appear to have increased importance compared to the D(2) line. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Knappe, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM knappe@boulder.nist.gov NR 12 TC 109 Z9 117 U1 3 U2 23 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 21 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 1249 EP 1253 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.001249 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 900ZL UT WOS:000227252700027 PM 19494996 ER PT J AU Laabs, H Keenan, DA Yang, S Dowell, ML AF Laabs, H Keenan, DA Yang, S Dowell, ML TI Measurements of detector nonlinearity at 193 nm SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID NIST; LENS AB We have developed a measurement system based on a correlation method to characterize the nonlinearity of a detector's response over a large range of laser pulse energy. The system consists of an excimer-laser source, beam-shaping optics, a beam splitter, a monitor detector, a set of optical filters, and the detector under test. Detector nonlinearities as large as 10% or greater over an entire measurement range at an excimer-laser wavelength of 193 nm are observed. The measurement range of the current system is approximately 300 nJ to 50 mJ of laser pulse energy at the detector under test. The typical expanded measurement uncertainty of nonlinearity is 0.6% (k = 2). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Laabs, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM syang@boulder.nist.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 6 BP 841 EP 848 DI 10.1364/AO.44.000841 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 900GN UT WOS:000227203500001 PM 15751672 ER PT J AU Carter, AC Lorentz, SR Jung, TM Datla, RU AF Carter, AC Lorentz, SR Jung, TM Datla, RU TI ACR II: Improved absolute cryogenic radiometer for low background infrared calibrations SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID BLACKBODY CALIBRATIONS; NATIONAL-INSTITUTE; NIST; STANDARDS; FACILITY; DETECTOR AB A second-generation absolute cryogenic radiometer (ACR II) was developed for use at the Low Background Infrared calibration facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The need for spectral calibrations of very sensitive [D* = 10(14) cm (Hz)W-1/2(-1)] infrared detectors necessitated the use of a cryogenic infrared monochromator and a more sensitive radiometer. The improved low-power performance of the ACR II compared with the older absolute cryogenic radiometer (ACR) has also made it useful as the primary standard for the calibration of cryogenic blackbody sources that are used as low-power infrared sources. The responsivity of the new radiometer's receiver is 2 10 K/mW with a type A (random component) standard uncertainty of at most 7 pW when making power measurements of less than 10 nW. The original ACR has a responsivity of 29 K/mW and has a type A standard uncertainty of approximately 100 pW when making a similar low-noise-power measurement. Other properties of the radiometers are also described and compared. (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Tech Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. L1 Stand & Technol Inc, Ijamsville, MD 21754 USA. Jung Res & Dev Corp, Washington, DC 20009 USA. RP Carter, AC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Tech Div, 100 Bureau Dr,Mail Stop 8441,Bldg 221 Room B208, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adriaan.carter@nist.gov; lorentz@L-1.biz; timothy.jung@nist.gov NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 6 BP 871 EP 875 DI 10.1364/AO.44.000871 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 900GN UT WOS:000227203500005 PM 15751676 ER PT J AU Liu, JF Mauzerall, DL Horowitz, LW AF Liu, JF Mauzerall, DL Horowitz, LW TI Analysis of seasonal and interannual variability in transpacific transport SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; HYDROCARBON RATIOS; MODEL PERSPECTIVE; PACIFIC TRANSPORT; BACKGROUND OZONE; CARBON-MONOXIDE AB The purpose of our analysis is both to evaluate the meteorological component of the seasonal and interannual variability of transpacific transport and to identify meteorological features that can be used to estimate transpacific transport. To accomplish this goal, we simulate the transport of nine continental tracers with uniform emissions and two-week lifetimes using the global Model of Ozone and Related Tracers Version 2 (MOZART-2) driven with NCEP reanalysis meteorology from 1991-2001. In addition, we define a transpacific "transport potential,'' a measure of the quantity of a tracer transported from a particular region normalized by its total emissions from that region, across a meridional plane in the eastern Pacific at 130degreesW. We find that at midlatitudes, the east Asian and Indian tracers have the largest transport potentials, particularly in spring. The interannual variability of the transpacific transport potentials of most tracers is relatively high in winter and fall ( particularly in February and September) but is low from April to August. At high latitudes the former Soviet Union, east Asian, and European tracers have the largest transpacific transport potentials, especially in late summer and fall, when the lowest interannual variability is observed. We find that El Nino winters are associated with stronger eastward transport of east Asian emissions in the subtropical eastern Pacific. Transport of the east Asian tracer in the central North Pacific is well correlated with the North Pacific Index. However, we find that the interannual variability of transport across the west coast of North America is mostly driven by local meteorology. We therefore created a new index based on meteorology over the eastern Pacific, which we call the Eastern Pacific Index (EPI). The EPI captures most of the interannual variability of transpacific transport at both middle- and high-latitude regions across the west coast of North America. C1 Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Liu, JF (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mauzeral@princeton.edu RI Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 18 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D4 AR D04302 DI 10.1029/2004JD005207 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900KO UT WOS:000227214000003 ER PT J AU Sengers, JV Moldover, MR AF Sengers, JV Moldover, MR TI Comment on "molecular dynamics simulations of a fluid near its critical point" SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID CONSOLUTE POINT; VISCOSITY; FLUCTUATIONS; EXPONENT; XENON C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sengers, JV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 6 AR 069601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.069601 PG 1 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 899JJ UT WOS:000227140400079 PM 15783786 ER PT J AU Viola, L Knill, E AF Viola, L Knill, E TI Random decoupling schemes for quantum dynamical control and error suppression SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEMS AB We present a general control-theoretic framework for constructing and analyzing random decoupling schemes, applicable to quantum dynamical control of arbitrary finite-dimensional composite systems. The basic idea is to design the control propagator according to a random rather than deterministic path on a group. We characterize the performance of random decoupling protocols, and identify control scenarios where they can significantly weaken time scale requirements as compared to cyclic counterparts. Implications for reliable quantum computation are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Viola, L (reprint author), Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Wilder Lab 6127, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. NR 23 TC 94 Z9 94 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 18 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 6 AR 060502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.060502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 899JJ UT WOS:000227140400006 PM 15783713 ER PT J AU Kasischke, ES Hyer, EJ Novelli, PC Bruhwiler, LP French, NHF Sukhinin, AI Hewson, JH Stocks, BJ AF Kasischke, ES Hyer, EJ Novelli, PC Bruhwiler, LP French, NHF Sukhinin, AI Hewson, JH Stocks, BJ TI Influences of boreal fire emissions on Northern Hemisphere atmospheric carbon and carbon monoxide SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID ORGANIC-MATTER LOST; FOREST-FIRES; JACK PINE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TRACE GASES; BIOMASS; CO; WILDFIRES; COMBUSTION; CHEMISTRY AB 1] There were large interannual variations in burned area in the boreal region ( ranging between 3.0 and 23.6 x 10 6 ha yr(-1)) for the period of 1992 and 1995-2003 which resulted in corresponding variations in total carbon and carbon monoxide emissions. We estimated a range of carbon emissions based on different assumptions on the depth of burning because of uncertainties associated with the burning of surface-layer organic matter commonly found in boreal forest and peatlands, and average total carbon emissions were 106-209 Tg yr(-1) and CO emissions were 330-77 Tg CO yr(-1). Burning of ground-layer organic matter contributed between 46 and 72% of all emissions in a given year. CO residuals calculated from surface mixing ratios in the high Northern Hemisphere ( HNH) region were correlated to seasonal boreal fire emissions in 8 out of 10 years. On an interannual basis, variations in area burned explained 49% of the variations in HNH CO, while variations in boreal fire emissions explained 85%, supporting the hypotheses that variations in fuels and fire severity are important in estimating emissions. Average annual HNH CO increased by an average of 7.1 ppb yr(-1) between 2000 and 2003 during a period when boreal fire emissions were 26 to 68 Tg CO-1 higher than during the early to mid-1990s, indicating that recent increases in boreal fires are influencing atmospheric CO in the Northern Hemisphere. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Altarum, Ann Arbor, MI 48113 USA. NOAA, Climate Modeling & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Canadian Forest Serv, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. Russian Acad Sci, Sukachev Forest Inst, Krasnoyarsk, Russia. RP Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, 2181 LeFrak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM ekasisch@geog.umd.edu; ehyer@glue.umd.edu; paul.c.novelli@noaa.gov; lori.p.bruhwiler@noaa.gov; nancy.french@altarum.org; boss@ksc.krasn.rfus; j.hewson@conservation.org; bstocks@nrcan.gc.can RI Hyer, Edward/E-7734-2011 OI Hyer, Edward/0000-0001-8636-2026 NR 80 TC 141 Z9 142 U1 4 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD FEB 16 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 1 AR GB1012 DI 10.1029/2004GB002300 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 900KI UT WOS:000227213400001 ER PT J AU Stapleton, HM Dodder, NG Offenberg, JH Schantz, MM Wise, SA AF Stapleton, HM Dodder, NG Offenberg, JH Schantz, MM Wise, SA TI Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in house dust and clothes dryer lint SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; DECABROMODIPHENYL ETHER; DIETARY EXPOSURE; GREAT-LAKES; BREAST-MILK; INDOOR AIR; POLLUTANTS; PBDES; LEAD; BLOOD C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US EPA, Human Exposure & Atmospher Sci Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stapleton, HM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM heather.stapleton@nist.gov RI Offenberg, John/C-3787-2009; Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015 OI Offenberg, John/0000-0002-0213-4024; Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767 NR 50 TC 304 Z9 328 U1 12 U2 92 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 4 BP 925 EP 931 DI 10.1021/es0486824 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 897KB UT WOS:000227001700005 PM 15773463 ER PT J AU Chang, MT Harrison, L AF Chang, MT Harrison, L TI Field assessments on the accuracy of spherical gauges in rainfall measurements SO HYDROLOGICAL PROCESSES LA English DT Article DE rainfall measurements; wind effects; spherical gauges; pit gauge; standard gauge AB In an effort to reduce wind effect on rainfall catch to a minimum level, Chang and Flannery (2001. Hydrological Processes 15: 643-654) designed two spherical orifices to modify the standard gauge and other gauges in use today. Because of the spherical shape, the two orifices will catch rain with an effective diameter always equal to the actual diameter. regardless of wind speed and direction. This report covers the testing of spherical gauges at two different locations, one at the City Landfill, Nacogdoches, TX, and the other at the NWS Forecast Office, Shreveport, LA. Based on 131 storms at Nacogdoches and 94 storms at Shreveport, observed between May 1998 and February 2001, the results showed: (1) spherical gauges recorded an average 6-9% greater than standard gauge and 3-4% less than pit gauge, only 1-2% less than reported in the original study; (2) the catch of spherical gauges was not significantly affected by three gauge heights at 0(.)91, 1(.)83, and 2(.)74 m above the ground, but catch by the standard gauge decreased with increasing gauge height; (3) improvements of the spherical gauges were most significant for larger storms and for winds at higher speeds; (4) the spherical gauge with cylinders recorded 1-2% more rainfall than the spherical gauge with vanes; and (5) correlation coefficients between catch deficiencies and wind speed were low and weak because of the distance and height of the existing wind sensor. Owing to greater surface wetting and evaporation loss, the spherical gauges may underestimate rainfall catch by standard gauge for small storms (generally less than 5.0 mm), especially on hot summer afternoons and for smaller storms. However, the underestimates do not overshadow the merits of spherical gauges, because the differences are too small to be of hydrologic significance. Using polyethylene or other synthesized materials to construct spherical orifices may improve the catch for small storms. The results of the study agreed with the previous claims that spherical,gauges are effective in reducing wind effects on rainfall measurements. The spherical gauges could greatly improve the accuracy of hydrologic simulations and the efficiency on the designs and management of water resources. They are suitable for large-scale applications. Copyright (C) 2004 John Wiley Sons, Ltd. C1 Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. US Natl Weather Serv, Shreveport, LA 71109 USA. RP Chang, MT (reprint author), Stephen F Austin State Univ, Arthur Temple Coll Forestry, POB 6109 SFA, Nacogdoches, TX 75962 USA. EM F_changmi@sfasu.edu NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0885-6087 J9 HYDROL PROCESS JI Hydrol. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 BP 403 EP 412 DI 10.1002/hyp.5539 PG 10 WC Water Resources SC Water Resources GA 893QW UT WOS:000226735300004 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Lawn, BR AF Zhang, Y Lawn, BR TI Fatigue sensitivity of Y-TZP to microscale sharp-contact flaws SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE biornechanical ceramics; cyclic fatigue; microcracks; sharp contacts ID CYCLIC FATIGUE; HERTZIAN CONTACTS; DENTAL CERAMICS; STRENGTH DEGRADATION; INDENTATION FATIGUE; DAMAGE ACCUMULATION; CRACK-PROPAGATION; LAYER STRUCTURES; ZIRCONIA; RELIABILITY AB The strength degrading effects of sharp-contact damage are examined for Y-TZP ceramic plates bonded to a plastic substrate. Contacts are made with Vickers and Berkovich diamond indenters at low loads (0.1 N to 100 N) in the ceramic lower surfaces prior to bonding to the substrates. The indentations remain in the subthreshold region, that is, without visible corner radial cracks, over the lower region (< 10 N) of the load range. A concentrated load is then applied sinusoidally to the ceramic upper surface, with the loading axis centered on the subsurface indentation flaw, thereby subjecting the flaw to cyclic tension. Relative to polished surfaces, the indentations diminish the single-cycle strength by an amount that increases with increasing indentation load. The critical number of cycles required to cause failure from the indentation flaws is then measured at specified maximum lower surface tensile stresses. At each indentation load, the strength of the ceramic plates diminishes with increased cycling. The scale of degradation is compared with that from previous studies on Y-TZP surfaces containing larger-scale surface damage: sandblast damage, as used in dental crown preparation; and blunt-contact trauma from a spherical indenter at 3000 N. These other damage modes are shown to be equivalent in their strength-degrading capacity to diamond pyramid indentations in the microscale load range 0.1 N to 1 N, attesting to the highly deleterious nature of sharp particulate contacts. The mechanism of fatigue is considered in terms of microcrack evolution within the indentation damage zone. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NYU, Coll Dent, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Bldg 223,Room B309,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.lawn@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE10976] NR 40 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4973 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 72B IS 2 BP 388 EP 392 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.30174 PG 5 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 892GS UT WOS:000226638700025 PM 15551260 ER PT J AU Liu, JT Morris, JG AF Liu, JT Morris, JG TI Recrystallization microstructures and textures in AA 5052 continuous cast and direct chill cast aluminum alloy (vol 385, pg 342, 2004) SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Correction C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Catholic Univ Amer, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20064 USA. RP Liu, JT (reprint author), ALCOA, Ctr Tech, 100 Tech Dr, Alcoa Ctr, PA 15069 USA. EM jiantao.liu@alcoa.com NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 392 IS 1-2 BP 453 EP 454 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2004.10.022 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 899IZ UT WOS:000227139400058 ER PT J AU Jones, GL Baker, J Chen, WC Collett, B Cowan, JA Dias, MF Gentile, TR Hoffmann, C Koetzle, T Lee, WT Littrell, K Miller, M Schultz, A Snow, WM Tong, X Yan, H Yue, A AF Jones, GL Baker, J Chen, WC Collett, B Cowan, JA Dias, MF Gentile, TR Hoffmann, C Koetzle, T Lee, WT Littrell, K Miller, M Schultz, A Snow, WM Tong, X Yan, H Yue, A TI Continuously operating compact He-3-based neutron spin filter SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Polarized Neutrons for Condensed Matter Investigation CY JUN 01-04, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Natl Sci Fdn Div Mat Res, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, US DOE Off Basic Energy Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab Spallat Neutron Source DE helium; neutron; optical pumping; polarization diffraction; spin filter ID POLARIZATION; EXCHANGE AB Polarized 3 He can be used as a spin filter to polarize a broad energy spectrum of neutrons. As a prototype for use on the single-crystal diffractometer (SCD) at the spallation neutron source (SNS), we have built a compact system to continuously polarize a He-3 spin filter by spin-exchange optical pumping. Polarizing in the neutron beam provides a constant neutron polarization and reduces the sensitivity to relaxation mechanisms. The capability to operate in the presence of non-optimal magnetic field homogeneity allowed us to employ a highly compact solenoid only 9.5 cm in diameter and 20cm long. Using only 7W of laser light we maintained 44% (3)Hc polarization in an 11cm(3) cell, despite an overall cell relaxation time of approximate to 10h. Results from a test on the SCD at IPNS are discussed. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Hamilton Coll, Dept Phys, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Jones, GL (reprint author), Hamilton Coll, Dept Phys, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. EM gjones@hamilton.gov RI tong, Xin/C-4853-2012; hoffmann, christina/D-2292-2016; Littrell, Kenneth/D-2106-2013; OI tong, Xin/0000-0001-6105-5345; hoffmann, christina/0000-0002-7222-5845; Littrell, Kenneth/0000-0003-2308-8618; Yue, Andrew/0000-0001-5340-8470 NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 356 IS 1-4 BP 86 EP 90 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.10.054 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 900RB UT WOS:000227230900017 ER PT J AU Gentile, TR Babcock, E Borchers, JA Chen, WC Hussey, D Jones, GL Lee, WT Majkzrak, CF O'Donovan, KV Snow, WM Tong, X Velthuis, SGET Walker, TG Yan, H AF Gentile, TR Babcock, E Borchers, JA Chen, WC Hussey, D Jones, GL Lee, WT Majkzrak, CF O'Donovan, KV Snow, WM Tong, X Velthuis, SGET Walker, TG Yan, H TI Polarized He-3 spin filters in neutron scattering SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Polarized Neutrons for Condensed Matter Investigation CY JUN 01-04, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP Natl Sci Fdn Div Mat Res, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, US DOE Off Basic Energy Sci, Oak Ridge Natl Lab Spallat Neutron Source DE helium; neutron; optical pumping; polarization; spin filter ID NUCLEAR-POLARIZATION; GAS; REFLECTOMETRY; EXCHANGE AB We report progress in the development and application of neutron spin filters based on transmission through polarized He-3 gas. Tests and application of these devices are underway at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research (NCNR) and the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS). The results of application to polarization analysis for diffuse reflectometry is discussed, along with an example of the issues in choosing the flipping ratio for such applications. The status of our development of polarized gas production using both spin-exchange (SEOP) and metastability-exchange (MEOP) optical pumping will be presented. For SEOP, we currently obtain 70-75% He-3 polarization in cells up to 500cm(3) in volume. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thomas.gentile@nist.gov RI Babcock, Earl/E-6700-2011; tong, Xin/C-4853-2012; te Velthuis, Suzanne/I-6735-2013 OI Babcock, Earl/0000-0002-4215-2075; tong, Xin/0000-0001-6105-5345; te Velthuis, Suzanne/0000-0002-1023-8384 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 EI 1873-2135 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 356 IS 1-4 BP 96 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2004.10.056 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 900RB UT WOS:000227230900019 ER PT J AU Lee, JS Lee, JH AF Lee, JS Lee, JH TI Influence of acid volatile sulfides and simultaneously extracted metals on the bioavailability and toxicity of a mixture of sediment-associated Cd, Ni, and Zn to polychaetes Neanthes arenaceodentata SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE AVS; bioaccumulation; Neanthes arenaceodentata; sediment; trace metals ID CLARK-FORK RIVER; FRESH-WATER SEDIMENTS; CONTAMINATED SEDIMENTS; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; BIOLOGICAL AVAILABILITY; HYALELLA-AZTECA; IN-SITU; ZINC; CADMIUM; BIOACCUMULATION AB Laboratory microcosm experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of acid volatile sulfides (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEM) in sediments on the bioavailability and toxicity of Cd, Ni, and Zn in sediments to polychaete worms Neanthes arenaceodentata. Cohorts of juvenile N. arenaceodentata were exposed to sediments spiked with metal mixtures containing Cd, Ni, and Zn (0.5-15 mumol . g(-1) of total SEM) with Low-(similar to1 mumol . g(-1)), Medium-(similar to5 mumol . g(-1)), and High-AVS concentrations (similar to10 mumol . g(-1)) for 20 days to determine mortality, growth rate, and metal bioaccumulation. Tissue Cd and Zn concentrations at the end of the exposure were significantly higher in sediments with the low-AVS concentration at a given SEM concentration due to the increased dissolved metal concentrations in overlying water (OW). However, tissue Ni concentrations were not related to dissolved Ni in the OW. AVS concentrations also influenced the toxicity of metals to the worms. Significant mortality was observed only at the highest SEM treatments at Low-AVS series. Most individuals survived at the highest SEM treatments at Medium- and High-AVS series. Similarly, the growth rates of worms were reduced in treatments having higher molar differences between SEM and AVS ([SEM-AVS]). Overall, the bioavailability and toxicity of metals in sediments was not well predicted by sediment metal concentrations only, but considering the influence of geochemical factors (AVS) on the metal bioavailability improved the prediction of toxicity. Also, the relationship between tissue metal concentration and toxicity was used to determine which contaminant was most responsible for the observed toxicity of the metal mixture. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NeoEnBiz Co, Seoul 137807, South Korea. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Lee, JS (reprint author), NeoEnBiz Co, 549-11 201 Banpo4-Dong, Seoul 137807, South Korea. EM jsleemetal@korea.com NR 42 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 EI 1879-1026 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD FEB 15 PY 2005 VL 338 IS 3 BP 229 EP 241 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.06.023 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 902HZ UT WOS:000227346900006 PM 15713331 ER PT J AU Kirby, BJ Borchers, JA Rhyne, JJ O'Donovan, KV Wojtowicz, T Liu, X Ge, Z Shen, S Furdyna, JK AF Kirby, BJ Borchers, JA Rhyne, JJ O'Donovan, KV Wojtowicz, T Liu, X Ge, Z Shen, S Furdyna, JK TI Effects of capping on the Ga1-xMnxAs magnetic depth profile SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; FERROMAGNETISM; EPILAYERS AB Annealing can increase the Curie temperature and net magnetization in uncapped Ga1-xMnxAs films, effects that are suppressed when the films are capped with GaA.s. Previous polarized neutron reflectometry (PNR) studies of uncapped Ga1-xMnxAs revealed a pronounced magnetization gradient that was reduced after annealing. We have extended this study to Ga1-xMnxAs capped with GaAs. We observe no increase in Curie temperature or net magnetization upon annealing. Furthermore, PNR measurements indicate that annealing produces minimal differences in the depth-dependent magnetization, as both as-grown and annealed films feature a significant magnetization gradient. These results suggest that the GaAs cap inhibits redistribution of interstitial Mn impurities during annealing. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. RP Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Astron, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. EM bkirby@lanl.gov RI Wojtowicz, Tomasz/A-2887-2017 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD FEB 14 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 7 AR 072506 DI 10.1063/1.1867292 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 903PZ UT WOS:000227439400061 ER PT J AU Vogt, BD Soles, CL Lee, HJ Lin, EK Wu, W AF Vogt, BD Soles, CL Lee, HJ Lin, EK Wu, W TI Moisture absorption into ultrathin hydrophilic polymer films on different substrate surfaces SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE thin films; swelling; interfaces ID GLASS-TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; INCOHERENT NEUTRON-SCATTERING; WATER-ADSORPTION; THIN-FILMS; POLYELECTROLYTE FILMS; SWELLING DYNAMICS; INTERFACE; REFLECTIVITY; DIFFUSION; THICKNESS AB Moisture absorption into ultrathin poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) films with varying thickness was examined using X-ray reflectivity (XR) and quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) measurements. Two different surfaces were used for the substrate: a hydrophilic silicon oxide (SiOx) and a hydrophobic hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) treated silicon oxide surface. The total equilibrium moisture absorption (solubility) was insensitive to the surface treatment in the thickest films (approximate to 150 nm). However, strong reductions in the equilibrium uptake with decreasing PVP film thickness were observed on the HMDS surfaces, while the SiOx surface exhibited thickness independent equilibrium absorption. The decreased absorption with decreasing film thickness is attributed a depletion layer of water near the polymer/HMDS interface, arising from hydrophobic interactions between the surface and water. The diffusivity of water decreased when the film thickness was less than 60 nm, independent of the surface treatment. Changes in the properties of ultrathin polymer films occur even in plasticized films containing nearly 50% water. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr MS 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.vogt@nist.gov RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 NR 42 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB 14 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1635 EP 1642 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.11.114 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 897HV UT WOS:000226995500024 ER PT J AU Song, R Chiang, MYM Crosby, AJ Karim, A Amis, EJ Eidelman, N AF Song, R Chiang, MYM Crosby, AJ Karim, A Amis, EJ Eidelman, N TI Combinatorial peel tests for the characterization of adhesion behavior of polymeric films SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE combinatorial method; adhesion; PMMA ID NANOPARTICLES; INTERFACES; DISCOVERY; LIBRARIES; PARALLEL; PHOSPHOR AB The adhesion behavior of an optically smooth poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) thin film (100 nm in thickness) on different evaporated metal substrates has been investigated using a combinatorial method approach. In this investigation through high-throughput peel tests, the relationship between annealing time, annealing temperature, surface energy, and ultraviolet degradation to the film adhesion has been examined. In addition, atomic force microscopy, optical microscopy and Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy techniques have been adopted to elucidate the observations on the adhesion behavior from the peel tests. The results of this study demonstrate that the proposed combinatorial approach to characterize the dependence of adhesion on adhesion-controlling parameters has the potential to assess various factors affecting the adhesion. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD FEB 14 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 5 BP 1643 EP 1652 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2004.10.086 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 897HV UT WOS:000226995500025 ER PT J AU Wietfeldt, FE Trull, C Anderman, R Bateman, FB Dewey, MS Komives, A Thompson, AK Balashov, S Mostovoy, Y AF Wietfeldt, FE Trull, C Anderman, R Bateman, FB Dewey, MS Komives, A Thompson, AK Balashov, S Mostovoy, Y TI A backscatter-suppressed beta spectrometer for neutron decay studies SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE electron spectroscopy; scintillation detectors; beta decay; neutron decay ID SPECTRUM; ENERGY AB We describe a beta electron spectrometer for use in an upcoming experiment that will measure the beta-antineutrino correlation coefficient (a coefficient) in neutron beta decay. Electron energy is measured by a thick plastic scintillator detector. A conical array of plastic scintillator veto detectors is used to suppress events where the electron is backscattered. A Monte Carlo simulation of this device in the configuration of the a coefficient experiment is presented. The design, construction, and testing of a full-scale prototype device is described. We discuss the performance of this spectrometer with respect to its suitability for the experiment. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Hamilton Coll, Dept Phys, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. RP Wietfeldt, FE (reprint author), Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM few@tulane.edu NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD FEB 11 PY 2005 VL 538 IS 1-3 BP 574 EP 591 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2004.08.123 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 898MJ UT WOS:000227080600043 ER PT J AU Wilson, SD Dai, PC Adroja, DT Lee, SH Chung, JH Lynn, JW Butch, NP Maple, MB AF Wilson, SD Dai, PC Adroja, DT Lee, SH Chung, JH Lynn, JW Butch, NP Maple, MB TI Quantum critical scaling and the origin of non-fermi-liquid behavior in Sc1-xUxPd3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; Y1-XUXPD3; ELECTRON; ALLOYS; METALS; TRANSITION; DISORDER; FIELD AB We used inelastic neutron scattering to study magnetic excitations of Sc1-xUxPd3 for U concentrations (x=0.25, 0.35) near the spin glass quantum critical point (QCP). The excitations are spatially incoherent, broad in energy (E=homega), and follow omega/T scaling at all wave vectors investigated. Since similar omega/T scaling has been observed for UCu5-xPdx and CeCu6-xAux near the antiferromagnetic QCP, we argue that the observed non-Fermi-liquid behavior in these f-electron materials arises from the critical phenomena near a T=0 K phase transition, irrespective of the nature of the transition. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170 NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD FEB 11 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 5 AR 056402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.056402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 896NT UT WOS:000226941500054 PM 15783667 ER PT J AU Sano, LL Krueger, AM Landrum, PF AF Sano, LL Krueger, AM Landrum, PF TI Chronic toxicity of glutaraldehyde: differential sensitivity of three freshwater organisms SO AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE glutaraldehyde; chronic toxicity; Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata; Ceriodaphnia dubia; Oncorhynchus mykiss ID DISINFECTION; CARBAMATE; MECHANISM; EXPOSURE; RECOVERY; EFFICACY; ATRAZINE; VESSELS; HALIBUT; TESTS AB The biocide, glutaraldehyde, is a potential environmental contaminant due to its widespread use in medical applications, off-shore oil extraction, and pulp mill processing. It has also been proposed as a candidate for treating the ballast water of vessels. which could result in a substantial increase in environmental release. To assess the potential for environmental impacts associated with glutaraldehyde, three standard chronic toxicity bioassays were performed: 96-h phytoplankton growth bioassays using Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata (formerly, Selenastrum capricornutum), three-brood reproduction bioassays using Ceriodaphnia dubia, and an embryo-larval bioassay using steelhead trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. For the green alga, P. subcapitata, significant decreases in growth were observed at glutaraldehyde concentrations greater than or equal to 1.0 mg L-1. Embryos of O. mykiss demonstrated a similar sensitivity with exposures of 2.5 mg L-1 resulting in a 97% reduction in hatch rate. In most cases. this failure to hatch was due to the inability of the embryo to leave the chorion and not to early embryo mortality. In contrast, reproduction and mortality rates in C. dubia were not as sensitive to glutaraldehyde: decreased reproduction was detected at 4.9 mg L-1 (the lowest observed effect concentration), and is similar to concentrations causing acute mortality in adults (4.7 mg L-1 for the estimated LC50, or 50% lethal concentration). These data indicate that both algae and fish embryos may be particularly sensitive to long-term glutaraldehyde exposure; however, this is predicated on whether glutaraldehyde concentrations will achieve high enough environmental concentrations and for a sufficient period of time to elicit such effects. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. RP Landrum, PF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Peter.Landrum@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-445X J9 AQUAT TOXICOL JI Aquat. Toxicol. PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 71 IS 3 BP 283 EP 296 DI 10.1016/j.aquatox.2004.12.001 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 897EQ UT WOS:000226987200008 PM 15670634 ER PT J AU Tumlinson, J Shull, JM Giroux, ML Stocke, JT AF Tumlinson, J Shull, JM Giroux, ML Stocke, JT TI The hot intergalactic medium-galaxy connection: Two strong O VI absorbers in the sight line toward PG 1211+143 SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE intergalactic medium; quasars : absorption lines; quasars : individual (PG 1211+143) ID LY-ALPHA ABSORPTION; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; WEAK MGII ABSORBERS; LOW-REDSHIFT; LYMAN-ALPHA; INTERSTELLAR ABSORPTION; LUMINOSITY DENSITY; GASEOUS EXTENT; BARYON CONTENT AB We present Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) and Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer (FUSE) spectra of the QSO PG 1211+143 (z(em) = 0.081) and a galaxy survey of the surrounding field. This sight line shows two strong intergalactic absorption systems at cz similar or equal to 15,300 and 19,300 km s(-1). This sight line addresses the nature and origin of the O VI absorbers and their connection to galaxies. We explore the relationship of these absorbers to the nearby galaxies and compare them to other O VI-bearing absorbers in diverse environments. At 15,300 km s(-1), we find four distinct H I components and associated C II, C III, C IV, Si II, Si III, Si IV, N V, and O VI, lying near a spiral-dominated galaxy group with a bright member galaxy 137 h-(1)(70) kpc from the sight line. The observed ions of C, Si, and N are likely to be photoionized, but the O vi is more consistent with collisional ionization. The ion ratios in this absorber resemble the highly ionized Galactic high-velocity clouds (HVCs); it may also trace the hot intragroup medium gas or the unbound wind of an undiscovered dwarf galaxy. At 19,300 km s(-1), we find five H I components and associated C III, Si III, and collisionally ionized O VI lying 146 h(70)(-1) kpc from an isolated galaxy. The properties of the O VI-bearing gas are consistent with an origin in strong shocks between low-metallicity gas (greater than or equal to2%-6% solar) and one or more of the warm photoionized components. It is likely that these absorbers are related to the nearby galaxies, perhaps by outflows or gas stripped from unseen satellite galaxies by interactions. However, we cannot reject completely the hypothesis that they reside in the same large-scale structure in which the galaxies are embedded but are otherwise not directly related. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, CASA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. E Tennessee State Univ, Dept Phys Astron & Geol, Johnson City, TN 37614 USA. RP Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 61 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 620 IS 1 BP 95 EP 112 DI 10.1086/426961 PN 1 PG 18 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 895HI UT WOS:000226851300011 ER PT J AU Bemporad, A Poletto, G Raymond, JC Biesecker, DA Marsden, B Lamy, P Ko, YK Uzzo, M AF Bemporad, A Poletto, G Raymond, JC Biesecker, DA Marsden, B Lamy, P Ko, YK Uzzo, M TI UVCS observation of sungrazer C/2001 C2: Possible comet fragmentation and plasma-dust interactions SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE comets : general; comets : individual (C/2001 C2); ultraviolet : general ID ULTRAVIOLET CORONAGRAPH SPECTROMETER; SOLAR MINIMUM; INNER COMA; STREAMER; MODEL; IONS; TEMPERATURES; COLLISIONS; DENSITIES; P/HALLEY AB In this paper we analyze SOHO Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) observations of the sungrazing comet C/2001 C2, a member of the Kreutz family, observed on 2001 February 7 at heliocentric distances of 4.98 and 3.60 R-.. This comet apparently went through sequential fragmentation events along its path: further indication of fragmentation processes is provided by UVCS observations, which show the presence of two separate tails in the 4.98 R-. data set, which we interpret as two fragments unresolved by LASCO images, one of which sublimates before reaching 3.60 R-.. The cometary hydrogen Lyalpha signal, decaying exponentially with time, has been interpreted in terms of the H2O outgassing rate and the interactions of coronal protons with atoms created by the photodissociation of water. However, one of the fragments shows an additional Lyalpha contribution, constant with time, which adds to the temporally decaying signal. This contribution has been ascribed to the sublimation of pyroxene dust grains, whose end products neutralize coronal protons via charge exchange processes. Hence, the two fragments have different composition; differences throughout the comet body may have been the primary cause for the comet fragmentation. C1 Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Osserv Astrofis Arcetri, INAF, I-50125 Florence, Italy. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Space Environm Ctr R SE, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. CNRS, Astron Spatiale Lab, F-13376 Marseille 12, France. RP Bemporad, A (reprint author), Univ Florence, Dipartimento Astron & Sci Spazio, Largo Enrico Fermi 5, I-50125 Florence, Italy. EM bemporad@arcetri.astro.it; poletto@arcetri.astro.it; jraymond@cfa.harvard.edu OI Bemporad, Alessandro/0000-0001-5796-5653 NR 40 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 620 IS 1 BP 523 EP 536 DI 10.1086/427063 PN 1 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 895HI UT WOS:000226851300051 ER PT J AU Krol, M Houweling, S Bregman, B van den Broek, M Segers, A van Velthoven, P Peters, W Dentener, F Bergamaschi, P AF Krol, M Houweling, S Bregman, B van den Broek, M Segers, A van Velthoven, P Peters, W Dentener, F Bergamaschi, P TI The two-way nested global chemistry-transport zoom model TM5: algorithm and applications SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TRACER TRANSPORT; SUMMER SMOG; POLLUTION; SIMULATION; INVERSION; EUROPE; REGION AB This paper describes the global chemistry Transport Model, version 5 (TM5) which allows two-way nested zooming. The model is used for global studies which require high resolution regionally but can work on a coarser resolution globally. The zoom algorithm introduces refinement in both space and time in some predefined regions. Boundary conditions of the zoom region are provided by a coarser parent grid and the results of the zoom area are communicated back to the parent. A case study using Rn-222 measurements that were taken during the MINOS campaign reveals the advantages of local zooming. As a next step, it is investigated to what extent simulated concentrations over Europe are influenced by using an additional zoom domain over North America. An artificial ozone-like tracer is introduced with a lifetime of twenty days and simplified non-linear chemistry. The concentration differences at Mace Head (Ireland) are generally smaller than 10%, much smaller than the effects of the resolution enhancement over Europe. Thus, coarsening of resolution at some distance of a sampling station seems allowed. However, it is also noted that the budgets of the tracers change considerably due to resolution dependencies of, for instance, vertical transport. Due to the two-way nested algorithm, TM5 offers a consistent tool to study the effects of grid refinement on global atmospheric chemistry issues like intercontinental transport of air pollution. C1 Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. Space Res Org Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. RP Krol, M (reprint author), Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands. EM krol@phys.uu.nl RI Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013 OI Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; NR 57 TC 202 Z9 205 U1 1 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 417 EP 432 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 896AZ UT WOS:000226908300004 ER PT J AU Tie, XX Madronich, S Walters, S Edwards, DP Ginoux, P Mahowald, N Zhang, RY Lou, C Brasseur, G AF Tie, XX Madronich, S Walters, S Edwards, DP Ginoux, P Mahowald, N Zhang, RY Lou, C Brasseur, G TI Assessment of the global impact of aerosols on tropospheric oxidants SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODELS; HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; BLACK CARBON; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; MINERAL AEROSOL; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; PINATUBO AEROSOL AB We present here a fully coupled global aerosol and chemistry model for the troposphere. The model is used to assess the interactions between aerosols and chemical oxidants in the troposphere, including (1) the conversion from gas-phase oxidants into the condensed phase during the formation of aerosols, ( 2) the heterogeneous reactions occurring on the surface of aerosols, and ( 3) the effect of aerosols on ultraviolet radiation and photolysis rates. The present study uses the global three-dimensional chemical/transport model, Model for Ozone and Related Chemical Tracers, version 2 (MOZART-2), in which aerosols are coupled with the model. The model accounts for the presence of sulfate, soot, primary organic carbon, ammonium nitrate, secondary organic carbon, sea salt, and mineral dust particles. The simulated global distributions of the aerosols are analyzed and evaluated using satellite measurements (Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)) and surface measurements. The results suggest that in northern continental regions the tropospheric aerosol loading is highest in Europe, North America, and east Asia. Sulfate, organic carbon, black carbon, and ammonium nitrate are major contributions for the high aerosol loading in these regions. Aerosol loading is also high in the Amazon and in Africa. In these areas the aerosols consist primarily of organic carbon and black carbon. Over the southern high-latitude ocean (around 60degreesS), high concentrations of sea-salt aerosol are predicted. The concentration of mineral dust is highest over the Sahara and, as a result of transport, spread out into adjacent regions. The model and MODIS show similar geographical distributions of aerosol particles. However, the model overestimates the sulfate and carbonaceous aerosol in the eastern United States, Europe, and east Asia. In the region where aerosol loading is high, aerosols have important impacts on tropospheric ozone and other oxidants. The model suggests that heterogeneous reactions of HO2 and CH2O on sulfate have an important impact on HOx (OH + HO2) concentrations, while the heterogeneous reaction of O-3 on soot has a minor effect on O-3 concentrations in the lower troposphere. The heterogeneous reactions on dust have very important impacts on HOx and O-3 in the region of dust mobilization, where the reduction of HOx and O-3 concentrations can reach a maximum of 30% and 20%, respectively, over the Sahara desert. Dust, organic carbon, black carbon, and sulfate aerosols have important impacts on photolysis rates. For example, the photodissociation frequencies of ozone and nitrogen dioxide are reduced by 20% at the surface in the Sahara, in the Amazon, and in eastern Asia, leading to 5-20% reduction in the concentration of HOx and to a few percent change in the O-3 abundance in these regions. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Tie, XX (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM xxtie@ucar.edu RI Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Madronich, Sasha/D-3284-2015; Zhang, Renyi/A-2942-2011 OI Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Madronich, Sasha/0000-0003-0983-1313; NR 90 TC 158 Z9 159 U1 2 U2 50 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D3 AR D03204 DI 10.1029/2004JD005359 PG 46 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 898GW UT WOS:000227065800004 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Woodhouse, CA AF Anderson, DM Woodhouse, CA TI Climate change - Let all the voices be heard SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Climat Ctr, Paleoclimatol Branch, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), Natl Climat Ctr, Paleoclimatol Branch, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.m.anderson@noaa.gov RI anderson, david/E-6416-2011 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 433 IS 7026 BP 587 EP 588 DI 10.1038/433587a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 895KX UT WOS:000226862000026 PM 15703731 ER PT J AU Aharony, A Entin-Wohlman, O Korenblit, IY Harris, AB Yildirim, T AF Aharony, A Entin-Wohlman, O Korenblit, IY Harris, AB Yildirim, T TI The cubic Kugel-Khomskii model for triply degenerate t(2g) electrons SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SPIN-ORBIT; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; LATIO3 AB The cubic Kugel-Khomskii Hamiltonian for titanates describes spin and orbital superexchange interactions between d(1) ions in an ideal cubic perovskite structure in which the three t(2g) orbitals are degenerate in energy, and electron hopping in the presence of large Coulomb interactions is constrained by cubic site symmetry. We review results for the unusual symmetry of this model and give a simple physical argument that explains why this symmetry prevents long-range spin order at non-zero temperatures. We also review the Landau theory of the disordered phase of this model, which gives rise to susceptibilities that are dispersionless along one wavevector axis. We present new results for the mean-field equations, which describe possible long-range order (in the presence of suitable stabilizing perturbations). We also analyse the role of thermal and quantum fluctuations and for the first time give a renormalization group analysis of this model in d spatial dimensions. Finally, we briefly review extensions of this model which are needed to describe real systems, such as LaTiO3. C1 Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. Ben Gurion Univ Negev, Dept Phys, IL-84105 Beer Sheva, Israel. Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Aharony, A (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Raymond & Beverly Sackler Fac Exact Sci, Sch Phys & Astron, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM aharony@post.tau.ac.il RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; ENTIN, ORA/F-1114-2012; harris, A Brooks/C-8640-2013 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 7 AR 49 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/7/1/049 PG 41 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 915QB UT WOS:000228317800001 ER PT J AU Keller, JM McClellan-Green, PD Lee, AM Arendt, MD Maier, PP Segars, AL Whitaker, JD Keil, DE Peden-Adams, MM AF Keller, JM McClellan-Green, PD Lee, AM Arendt, MD Maier, PP Segars, AL Whitaker, JD Keil, DE Peden-Adams, MM TI Mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in loggerhead sea turtles: comparison of methods and effects of gender, plasma testosterone concentration, and body condition on immunity SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE turtle; mitogen; lymphocyte proliferation; nutrition; sex differences; steroids ID MTT COLORIMETRIC ASSAY; MONONUCLEAR-CELLS; CHELONIA-MYDAS; GREEN TURTLES; BLOOD; RESPONSES; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; VERTEBRATES; SYSTEM; GROWTH AB A fully functioning immune system is vital to the survival of threatened and endangered sea turtles. Immunological protection against diseases in any organism can be reduced by a number of natural and anthropogenic factors. such as seasonal changes, malnutrition, disease states, and contaminant exposure. These factors are even more critical when they occur in endangered species or populations. To identify alterations in the immunological health of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta), the mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation (LP) assay was developed using peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs). Collection and culture conditions were optimized for this assay using non-lethal blood samples collected from free-ranging turtles along the southeastern US coast. During the collection, two anticoagulants (sodium heparin and lithium heparin) were compared to determine effects of different ions on assay results. Optimal culture conditions were established for loggerhead PBLs while two different methods of measuring LP were compared: (1) the traditional radioactive H-3-thymidine assay and (2) a non-radioactive, colorimetric method utilizing 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT). The results indicate that the H-3-thymidine and the non-radioactive MTT methods did not correlate with each other and that the use of heparin type did not influence the results of the LP assay. Lastly, using these optimized methods, we investigated the effect of gender, plasma testosterone concentration, and body condition on LP in loggerhead turtles and found that none of the parameters largely influenced LP. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Coastal Syst Sci & Policy, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Duke Univ, Integrated Toxicol Program, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Pediat, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Keller, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM jennifer.keller@noaa.gov RI Keller, Jennifer/C-5006-2008 NR 30 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD FEB 10 PY 2005 VL 103 IS 3-4 BP 269 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2004.09.029 PG 13 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 888YC UT WOS:000226409100012 PM 15621312 ER PT J AU Shen, VK Errington, JR AF Shen, VK Errington, JR TI Determination of fluid-phase behavior using transition-matrix Monte Carlo: Binary Lennard-Jones mixtures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-OF-STATES; MOLECULAR SIMULATION; GIBBS-ENSEMBLE; VAPOR-LIQUID; STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL-POINT; MODEL SYSTEMS; COEXISTENCE; EQUILIBRIA; EFFICIENT AB We present a novel computational methodology for determining fluid-phase equilibria in binary mixtures. The method is based on a combination of highly efficient transition-matrix Monte Carlo and histogram reweighting. In particular, a directed grand-canonical transition-matrix Monte Carlo scheme is used to calculate the particle-number probability distribution, after which histogram reweighting is used as a postprocessing procedure to determine the conditions of phase equilibria. To validate the methodology, we have applied it to a number of model binary Lennard-Jones systems known to exhibit nontrivial fluid-phase behavior. Although we have focused on monatomic fluids in this work, the method presented here is general and can be easily extended to more complex molecular fluids. Finally, an important feature of this method is the capability to predict the entire fluid-phase diagram of a binary mixture at fixed temperature in a single simulation. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Shen, VK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vincent.shen@nist.gov; jerring@buffalo.edu RI Errington, Jeffrey/E-8644-2011 OI Errington, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0365-0271 NR 56 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD FEB 8 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 6 AR 064508 DI 10.1063/1.1844372 PG 17 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 896ET UT WOS:000226918100032 PM 15740389 ER PT J AU Thorpe, MJ Jones, RJ Moll, KD Ye, J Lalezari, R AF Thorpe, MJ Jones, RJ Moll, KD Ye, J Lalezari, R TI Precise measurements of optical cavity dispersion and mirror coating properties via femtosecond combs SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID PULSE AMPLIFICATION; FREQUENCY; LASERS AB We precisely determine the dispersion of an optical cavity over a large spectral bandwidth using a broadband optical comb generated by a femtosecond laser. This approach permits the effective characterization of the next generation of mirrors that will offer high reflectivity, minimal absorption/scattering loss, and well-defined dispersion characteristics. Such mirrors are essential for constructing passive, high-finesse cavities capable of storing and enhancing ultrashort pulses and for exploring novel intracavity-based experiments in atomic and molecular spectroscopy and extreme nonlinear optics. We characterize both zero and negative group-delay-dispersion mirrors and compare their performance against the targeted coating design. The high sensitivity of this approach is demonstrated with a precise determination of the group-delay dispersion of air inside a 40-cm long optical cavity, demonstrating an accuracy better than 1 fs(2). (C) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Thorpe, MJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Thorpe@colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 12 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD FEB 7 PY 2005 VL 13 IS 3 BP 882 EP 888 DI 10.1364/OPEX.13.000882 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 897WK UT WOS:000227036400024 PM 19494950 ER PT J AU Atlas, R Reale, O Shen, BW Lin, SJ Chern, JD Putman, W Lee, T Yeh, KS Bosilovich, M Radakovich, J AF Atlas, R Reale, O Shen, BW Lin, SJ Chern, JD Putman, W Lee, T Yeh, KS Bosilovich, M Radakovich, J TI Hurricane forecasting with the high-resolution NASA finite volume general circulation model SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TRANSPORT SCHEMES AB A high-resolution finite volume general circulation model (fvGCM), resulting from a development effort of more than ten years, is now being run operationally at the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Ames Research Center. The model is based on a finite volume dynamical core with terrain-following Lagrangian control volume discretization and performs efficiently on massive parallel architectures. The computational efficiency allows simulations at a resolution of a quarter of a degree, which is double the resolution currently adopted by most global models in operational weather centers. Such fine global resolution brings us closer to overcoming a fundamental barrier in global atmospheric modeling for both weather and climate, because tropical cyclones can be more realistically represented. In this work, preliminary results are shown. Fifteen simulations of four Atlantic tropical cyclones in 2002 and 2004, chosen because of varied difficulties presented to numerical weather forecasting, are performed. The fvGCM produces very good forecasts of these tropical systems, adequately resolving problems like erratic track, abrupt recurvature, intense extratropical transition, multiple landfall and reintensification, and interaction among vortices. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth & Space Data Comp Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Washington, DC 20546 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Reale, O (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 910, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM oreste.reale.l@gsfc.nasa.gov RI Atlas, Robert/A-5963-2011; Bosilovich, Michael/F-8175-2012 OI Atlas, Robert/0000-0002-0706-3560; NR 8 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD FEB 5 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 3 AR L03807 DI 10.1029/2004GL021513 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 895YO UT WOS:000226901200003 ER PT J AU Crain, JN Pierce, DT AF Crain, JN Pierce, DT TI End states in one-dimensional atom chains SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE; CONFINEMENT; ELECTRONS; SPIN; WAVE AB End states-the zero-dimensional analogs of the two-dimensional states that occur at a crystal surface-were observed at the ends of one-dimensional atom chains that were self-assembled by depositing gold on the vicinal Si(553) surface. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements of the differential conductance along the chains revealed quantized states in isolated segments with differentiated states forming over end atoms. A comparison to a tight-binding model demonstrated how the formation of electronic end states transforms the density of states and the energy levels within the chains. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Crain, JN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.crain@nist.gov NR 21 TC 125 Z9 126 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD FEB 4 PY 2005 VL 307 IS 5710 BP 703 EP 706 DI 10.1126/science.1106911 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 894TQ UT WOS:000226814900037 PM 15692047 ER PT J AU Gierczak, T Jimenez, E Riffault, V Burkholder, JB Ravishankara, AR AF Gierczak, T Jimenez, E Riffault, V Burkholder, JB Ravishankara, AR TI Thermal decomposition of HO2NO2 (peroxynitric acid, PNA): Rate coefficient and determination of the enthalpy of formation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; PERNITRIC ACID; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; RATE CONSTANTS; 248 NM; KINETICS; PHOTODISSOCIATION; NO2; UV AB Rate coefficients for the gas-phase thermal decomposition of HO2NO2 (peroxynitric acid, PNA) are reported at temperatures between 331 and 350 K at total pressures of 25 and 50 Torr of N-2. Rate coefficients were determined by measuring the steady-state OH concentration in a mixture of known concentrations of HO2NO2 and NO. The measured thermal decomposition rate coefficients k(-1)(T,P) are used in combination with previously published rate coefficient data for the HO2NO2 formation reaction to yield a standard enthalpy for reaction 1 of DeltarHdegrees(298) K = -24.0 +/- 0.5 kcal mol(-1) (uncertainties are 2sigma values and include estimated systematic errors). A HO2NO2 standard heat of formation, Delta(f)Hdegrees(298) K(HO2NO2), of -12.6 +/- 1.0 kcal mol(-1) was calculated from this value. Some of the previously reported data on the thermal decomposition of HO2NO2, have been reanalyzed and shown to be in good agreement with our reported value. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Warsaw, Dept Chem, PL-02089 Warsaw, Poland. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ravishankara, AR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM A.R.Ravishankara@noaa.gov RI RIFFAULT, Veronique/A-2921-2012; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 OI RIFFAULT, Veronique/0000-0001-5572-0871; NR 33 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD FEB 3 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 4 BP 586 EP 596 DI 10.1021/jp046632f PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 892CC UT WOS:000226626300007 PM 16833383 ER PT J AU Dundigalla, A Lin-Gibson, S Ferreiro, V Malwitz, MM Schmidt, G AF Dundigalla, A Lin-Gibson, S Ferreiro, V Malwitz, MM Schmidt, G TI Unusual multilayered structures in poly(ethylene oxide)/laponite nanocomposite films SO MACROMOLECULAR RAPID COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE laponite; microscopy; nanocomposites; poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO); X-ray ID POLYMER-CLAY SOLUTIONS; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; FLOW-BIREFRINGENCE; ORIENTATION; OXIDE); INTERCALATION; COMPOSITES; RHEOLOGY AB The usual structure of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and Laponite clay in transparent nanocomposite films was investigated using scanning electron, atomic force, and optical microscopy, and X-ray scattering. Each method is sensitive to different aspects of structural features and together they measure the resulting morphology and shear-induced orientation. On nanometer length scales, clay platelets were found to orient in bundles while polymer crystallinity was suppressed. Microscopy led to the observation of unexpected and highly oriented multilayers on the micron length scale. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Sci & Technol, CNRS, UMR 8008, Lab Struct & Proprietes Etat Solide, Villleneuve Dasq, France. RP Schmidt, G (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM gudrun@lsu.edu NR 26 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1336 J9 MACROMOL RAPID COMM JI Macromol. Rapid Commun. PD FEB 3 PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 143 EP 149 DI 10.1002/marc.200400489 PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 897MD UT WOS:000227007400003 ER PT J AU Klouda, GA Filliben, JJ Parish, HJ Chow, JC Watson, JG Cary, RA AF Klouda, GA Filliben, JJ Parish, HJ Chow, JC Watson, JG Cary, RA TI Reference material 8785: Air particulate matter on filter media SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; URBAN DUST; CARBON AB Reference Material (RM) 8785 Air Particulate Matter on Filter Media is intended primarily for use in the evaluation of analytical methods used to characterize the carbon composition of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM) for national air quality monitoring programs. This RM consists of a fine fraction (nominally < 2.5 mu m aerodynamic diameter) of standard reference material (SRM) 1649a Urban Dust resuspended in air and filtered onto quartz-fiber filters. RM 8785 will also provide the atmospheric-chemistry and ocean-sciences communities with a means to intercompare methods and laboratories for the measurement of elemental (black) carbon. RM 8785 has values assigned for total carbon, elemental carbon, and organic carbon mass fractions measured according to two thermal-optical methods: the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) and Speciation Trends Network-National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (STN-NIOSH) protocols. Each filter is uniquely identified by its air particulate matter (APM) number and its gravimetrically determined mass of fine SRM 1649a. We will discuss the method used to produce RM 8785 and the results of an intermethod and interlaboratory comparison that provided assigned values for the above analytes. C1 NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. Sunset Lab Inc, Tigard, OR USA. RP Klouda, GA (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Bldg 217,Rm A203,100 Bur Dr,Stop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.klouda@nist.gov RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010 OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1080/027868290916453 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 984EZ UT WOS:000233286600006 ER PT J AU Klouda, GA Filliben, JJ Parish, HJ Chow, JJ Watson, JG Cary, RA AF Klouda, GA Filliben, JJ Parish, HJ Chow, JJ Watson, JG Cary, RA TI Reference material 8785: Air particulate matter on filter media SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; URBAN DUST; CARBON AB Reference Material (RM) 8785 Air Particulate Matter on Filter Media is intended primarily for use in the evaluation of analytical methods used to characterize the carbon composition of atmospheric fine particulate matter (PM) for national air quality monitoring programs. This RM consists of a fine fraction (nominally <2.5mum aerodynamic diameter) of standard reference material (SRM) 1649a Urban Dust resuspended in air and filtered onto quartz-fiber filters. RM 8785 will also provide the atmospheric-chemistry and ocean-sciences communities with a means to intercompare methods and laboratories for the measurement of elemental (black) carbon. RM 8785 has values assigned for total carbon, elemental carbon, and organic carbon mass fractions measured according to two thermal-optical methods: the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) and Speciation Trends Network-National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (STN-NIOSH) protocols. Each filter is uniquely identified by its air particulate matter (APM) number and its gravimetrically determined mass of fine SRM 1649a. We will discuss the method used to produce RM 8785 and the results of an intermethod and interlaboratory comparison that provided assigned values for the above analytes. C1 NIST, Div Surface & Microanal Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SRI Int, Menlo Pk, CA USA. Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV USA. Sunset Lab Inc, Tigard, OR USA. RP Klouda, GA (reprint author), NIST, Div Surface & Microanal Sci, Bldg 217,Rm A203,100 Bur Dr,Stop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.klouda@nist.gov RI Watson, John/E-6869-2010 OI Watson, John/0000-0002-1752-6899 NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 173 EP 183 DI 10.1080/07868290916453 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 881OT UT WOS:000225877500009 ER PT J AU Wagner, MS AF Wagner, MS TI Molecular depth profiling of multilayer polymer films using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); TOF-SIMS; SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION; CHEMICAL DERIVATIZATION; POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE); POLYSTYRENE FILMS; BOMBARDED POLYMER; SAMPLE ROTATION; STATIC SIMS AB The low penetration depth and high sputter rates obtained using polyatomic primary ions have facilitated their use for the molecular depth profiling of some spin-cast polymer films by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In this study, dual-beam time-of-flight (TOF) SIMS (sputter ion, 5 keV SF5+; analysis ion, 10 keV Ar+) was used to depth profile spin-cast multilayers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA), and trifluoroacetic anhydride-derivatized poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (TFAA-PHEMA) on silicon substrates. Characteristic positive and negative secondary ions were monitored as a function of depth using SF5+ primary ion doses necessary to sputter through the polymer layer and uncover the silicon substrate (>5 x 10(14) ions/cm(2)). The sputter rates of the polymers in the multilayers were typically less than for corresponding single-layer films, and the order of the polymers in the multilayer affected the sputter rates of the polymers. Multilayer samples with PHEMA as the outermost layer resulted in lowered sputter rates for the underlying polymer layer due to increased ion-induced damage accumulation rates in PHEMA. Additionally, the presence of a PMMA or PHEMA overlayer significantly decreased the sputter rate of TFAA-PHEMA underlayers due to ion-induced damage accumulation in the overlayer. Typical interface widths between adjacent polymer layers were 10-15 nm for bilayer films and increased with depth to similar to35 nm for the trilayer films. The increase in interface width and observations using optical microscopy showed the formation of sputter-induced surface roughness during the depth profiles of the trilayer polymer films. This study shows that polyatomic primary ions can be used for the molecular depth profiling of some multilayer polymer films and presents new opportunities for the analysis of thin organic films using TOF-SIMS. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Wagner, MS (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Co, 11810 E Miami River Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. EM wagner.ms@pg.com NR 59 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 3 BP 911 EP 922 DI 10.1021/ac048945c PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 893ZG UT WOS:000226759000033 PM 15679361 ER PT J AU Quinn, JB Schultheis, LW Schumacher, GE AF Quinn, JB Schultheis, LW Schumacher, GE TI A tooth broken after laryngoscopy: Unlikely to be caused by the force applied by the anesthesiologist SO ANESTHESIA AND ANALGESIA LA English DT Article ID DENTAL INJURIES; RISK-FACTORS; BRUXISM; FRACTURE C1 NIST, ADAF Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Washington Hosp Ctr, Washington, DC 20010 USA. RP Quinn, JB (reprint author), NIST, ADAF Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Mailstop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM janet.quinn@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 14534] NR 26 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0003-2999 J9 ANESTH ANALG JI Anesth. Analg. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 100 IS 2 BP 594 EP 596 DI 10.1213/01.ANE.0000151390.71913.9B PG 3 WC Anesthesiology SC Anesthesiology GA 891FP UT WOS:000226567000053 PM 15673900 ER PT J AU Mitchell, WF Tiesinga, E AF Mitchell, WF Tiesinga, E TI Adaptive grid refinement for a model of two confined and interacting atoms SO APPLIED NUMERICAL MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Adaptive Methods for Partial Differential Equations and Large-Scale Computation (ADAPT 03) CY 2003 CL Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Troy, NY HO Rensselaer Polytech Inst DE adaptive grid refinement; elliptic eigenvalue problem; quantum computing; Schrodinger's equation ID ALGORITHM AB We have applied adaptive grid refinement to solve a two-dimensional Schrodinger equation in order to study the feasibility of a quantum computer based on extremely-cold neutral alkali-metal atoms. Qubits are implemented as motional states of an atom trapped in a single well of an optical lattice of counter-propagating laser beams. Quantum gates are constructed by bringing two atoms together in a single well leaving the interaction between the atoms to cause entanglement. For special geometries of the optical lattices and thus shape of the wells, quantifying the entanglement reduces to solving for selected eigenfunctions of a Schrodinger equation that contains a two-dimensional Laplacian, a trapping potential that describes the optical well, and a short-ranged interaction potential. The desired eigenfunctions correspond to eigenvalues that are deep in the interior of the spectrum where the trapping potential becomes significant. The spatial range of the interaction potential is three orders of magnitude smaller than the spatial range of the trapping potential, necessitating the use of adaptive grid refinement. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of IMACS. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mitchell, WF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.mitchell@nist.gov NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9274 J9 APPL NUMER MATH JI Appl. Numer. Math. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 52 IS 2-3 BP 235 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.apnum.2004.08.034 PG 16 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 886IK UT WOS:000226220200007 ER PT J AU Lehman, JH Engtrakul, C Gennett, T Dillon, AC AF Lehman, JH Engtrakul, C Gennett, T Dillon, AC TI Single-wall carbon nanotube coating on a pyroelectric detector SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BLACK COATINGS; SEPARATION; RADIATION AB Carbon single-wall nanotubes (SWNTs) are studied as the thermal-absorption coating on a large area pyroelectric detector. The SWNTs were produced by a laser vaporization method and dispersed onto the detector surface by use of a simple airbrush technique. The detector was based on a 1-cm-diameter, 60-mum-thick lithium tantalate disk having nickel electrodes. We report the spectral responsivity of the detector ranging from 600 to 1800 nm, as well as the spatial and directional uniformity at 850 nm. Using Drude and Lorentzian dielectric functions and an effective medium approximation to obtain the indices of refraction of semiconductor and metallic SWNTs, we compared the expected theoretical relative responsivity for the two types of tube with the measured relative responsivity of the detector. Values of thermal conductivity, specific heat, and damage threshold obtained from the literature are compared with properties of alternatives for thermal coatings such as gold-black and carbon-based paint. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sources Detectors & Displays Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Sources Detectors & Displays Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov RI Engtrakul, Chaiwat/H-5634-2011 NR 31 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 BP 483 EP 488 DI 10.1364/AO.44.000483 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 894UZ UT WOS:000226818400001 PM 15726942 ER PT J AU Vorsa, V Dheandhanoo, S Ketkar, SN Hodges, JT AF Vorsa, V Dheandhanoo, S Ketkar, SN Hodges, JT TI Quantitative absorption spectroscopy of residual water vapor in high-purity gases: pressure broadening of the 1.39253-mu m H2O transition by N-2, HCl, HBr,Cl-2, and O-2 SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; TRACE MOISTURE; MULTIPOLE MOMENTS; QUADRUPOLE-MOMENT; HIGH-RESOLUTION; MU-M; CAVITY; LINES; POLARIZABILITY; SCATTERING AB We determined the respective pressure-broadening coefficients of HCl, HBr, Cl-2, and O-2 (expressed relative to that of the reference gas N-2) for the (v(1),v(2),v(3))J(ka,Kc) = (0,0,0)3(0,3) --> (1,0,1)2(0,2) rovibrational transition of H-2 O-16 that occurs at 1.39253 mum. The experiment used a continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy analyzer to measure the peak absorption losses as a function of added moisture concentration. The measured pressure-broadening coefficients for HCl, HBr, Cl-2, and O-2 are, respectively, 2.76, 2.48, 1.39, and 0.49 times that of the N-2 pressure-broadening coefficient, and detection limits for water vapor range from 0.22 nmol mol(-1) for O-2 matrix gas to 2.3 nmol mol(-1) for HBr matrix gas. The degradation of the detection limit (relative to the N-2 matrix gas) is ascribed to a pressure-broadening-induced reduction in peak absorption cross section and to elevated background loss from the matrix gas. C1 Air Prod & Chem Inc, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vorsa, V (reprint author), Air Prod & Chem Inc, 7201 Hamilton Blvd, Allentown, PA 18195 USA. EM vorsav@apci.com RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 BP 611 EP 619 DI 10.1364/AO.44.000611 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 894UZ UT WOS:000226818400018 PM 15726959 ER PT J AU Snyder, LE Lovas, FJ Hollis, JM Friedel, DN Jewell, PR Remijan, A Ilyushin, VV Alekseev, EA Dyubko, SF AF Snyder, LE Lovas, FJ Hollis, JM Friedel, DN Jewell, PR Remijan, A Ilyushin, VV Alekseev, EA Dyubko, SF TI A rigorous attempt to verify interstellar glycine SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE ISM : abundances; ISM : clouds; ISM : individual (Sagittarius B2(N-LMH), Orion Kleinmann-Low, W51 e1/e2); ISM : molecules; radio lines : ISM ID MARYLAND-ASSOCIATION ARRAY; SPECTRAL-LINE SURVEY; HOT MOLECULAR CORES; ACETIC-ACID; OBSERVATIONAL DATA; SAGITTARIUS B2; FORMIC-ACID; SEARCH; MILLIMETER; CONFORMER AB In 2003, Kuan and coworkers reported the detection of interstellar glycine (NH2CH2COOH) based on observations of 27 lines in 19 different spectral bands in one or more of the sources Sgr B2(N-LMH), Orion KL, and W51 e1/e2. They supported their detection report with rotational temperature diagrams for all three sources. In this paper we present essential criteria that can be used in a straightforward analysis technique to confirm the identity of an interstellar asymmetric rotor such as glycine. We use new laboratory measurements of glycine as a basis for applying this analysis technique, both to our previously unpublished 12 m telescope data and to the previously published Swedish-ESO Submillimetre Telescope (SEST) data of Nummelin and colleagues. We conclude that key lines necessary for an interstellar glycine identification have not yet been found. We identify some common molecular candidates that should be examined further as more likely carriers of several of the lines reported as glycine. Finally, we illustrate that a rotational temperature diagram used without the support of correct spectroscopic assignments is not a reliable tool for the identification of interstellar molecules. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth & Space Data Comp Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Natl Radio Astron Observ, Green Bank, WV 24944 USA. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Inst Radio Astron, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Snyder, LE (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Astron, 1002 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. EM snyder@astro.uiuc.edu; lovas@nist.gov; jan.m.hollis@gsfc.nasa.gov; friedel@astro.uiuc.edu; pjewell@nrao.edu; aremijan@pop900.gsfc.nasa.gov; ilyushin@rian.ira.kharkov.ua; alekseev@rian.ira.kharkov.ua NR 45 TC 174 Z9 175 U1 1 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 619 IS 2 BP 914 EP 930 DI 10.1086/426677 PN 1 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 891NZ UT WOS:000226589100020 ER PT J AU Laidre, KL Heide-Jorgensen, MP AF Laidre, KL Heide-Jorgensen, MP TI Arctic sea ice trends and narwhal vulnerability SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Arctic; climate change; narwhal; global warming; sea ice; site fidelity; risk assessment; vulnerability ID MONODON-MONOCEROS; BAFFIN-BAY; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; NORTHWEST GREENLAND; HABITAT SELECTION; AUTUMN MOVEMENTS; MARINE MAMMALS; DAVIS STRAIT; VARIABILITY; WHALES AB Conservation measures related to global climate change require that species vulnerability be incorporated into population risk models, especially for those that are highly susceptible to rapid or extreme changes due to specialized adaptation. In the case of Arctic cetaceans, effects of climate change on habitat and prey availability have been subject to intense speculation. Climate perturbations may have significant impacts on the fitness and success of this group, yet measuring these parameters for conservation purposes is complicated by remote and offshore preferences. The narwhal (Monodon monoceros) in Baffin Bay occupies a habitat where reversed (increasing) regional sea ice trends have been detected over 50 years. We used a combination of long-term narwhal satellite tracking data and remotely sensed sea ice concentrations to detect localized habitat trends and examine potential vulnerability. Spatial and temporal variability in the fraction of open water were examined on two narwhal wintering grounds between November and April, 1978-2001 using approximate sea ice concentrations derived from microwave SSMR/SSMI passive brightness temperatures. Less than 3% open water was available to narwhals between 15 January and 15 April, and reached minima of 0.5% open water at the end of March (125 km(2) out of a 25,000 km(2) area). Decreasing trends in the fraction of open water, together with increasing trends in interannual variability, were detected on both wintering grounds, significantly in northern Baffin Bay (-0.04% per year, SE 0.02). The limited number of leads and cracks available to narwhals during the winter, in combination with localized decreasing trends in open water and high site fidelity, suggests vulnerability to changes in Arctic sea ice conditions. Increasing risk of ice entrapments, many of which may go undetected in remote offshore areas, should be incorporated into population risk assessments as this may exceed the natural response capacity of the species. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland. RP Laidre, KL (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kristin.laidre@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 22 U2 108 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 121 IS 4 BP 509 EP 517 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2004.06.003 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 870JD UT WOS:000225052500003 ER PT J AU Chow, LC Markovic, M Frukhtbeyn, SA Takagi, S AF Chow, LC Markovic, M Frukhtbeyn, SA Takagi, S TI Hydrolysis of tetracalcium phosphate under a near-constant-composition condition - effects of pH and particle size SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE hydrolysis; tetracalcium phosphate; hydroxyapatite calcium-deficient apatite; constant-composition titration; bone graft material ID CALCIUM; CEMENTS; HYDROXYAPATITE; CA-4(PO4)(2)O; FLUORIDE; KH2PO4 AB Tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP) is a component of a number of calcium phosphate cements used clinically for bone defect repairs. The strength, phase composition, and solubility of the set cement are highly dependent on the reactions of the cement components during setting. This study investigated hydrolysis reactions of TTCP under solution compositions chosen to mimic the compositions of the cement liquid during setting. The study utilized a pseudo-constant-composition technique that allowed both the rate and stoichiometry of the reaction to be determined while the reaction proceeded under a specific, constantly held solution pH, thereby keeping a constant calcium-to-phosphate ratio in solution. The hydrolysis experiments were conducted using either a fine (median particle size 3.5 mum) or coarse (median particle size 13.2 mum) TTCP powder at pH 7, 8 and 10. Low crystalline calcium (Ca)-deficient hydroxyapatite (HA) was the product in all experiments. Both the solution pH and TTCP particle size produced significant effects on all aspects of the hydrolysis reaction. At a given pH, the fine TTCP produced a HA product with a greater Ca deficiency than did the coarse TTCP. For a given particle size, the Ca deficiency generally decreased with increasing pH. Hydrolysis reaction rate generally decreased with increasing pH or TTCP particle size. At pH 7 and 8, the solution was undersaturated with respect to TTCP and supersaturated with respect to HA, suggesting that the reaction rate was limited by TTCP dissolution. In contrast, at pH 10, the solution was approximately saturated with respect to TTCP and highly supersaturated with respect to HA, suggesting that HA formation was the rate-determining step of the reaction. The findings provided useful insights into the setting reaction mechanisms of TTCP-containing calcium phosphate cements. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chow, LC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM laurence.chow@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE11789] NR 14 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD FEB PY 2005 VL 26 IS 4 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.02.039 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 857RG UT WOS:000224135400005 PM 15275813 ER PT J AU Habermann, T AF Habermann, T TI What is GIS (for unidata)? SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Data Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Habermann, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Mail Code E-GC,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ted.habermann@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 BP 174 EP 175 DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-2-174 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903ZO UT WOS:000227464500016 ER PT J AU Waldstreicher, JS AF Waldstreicher, JS TI Assessing the impact of collaborative research projects on NWS warning performance SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; EASTERN UNITED-STATES; WINTER WEATHER; PROGRAM; COMET(R) AB Collaborative research projects between universities and National Weather Service Forecast Offices in the eastern United States are found to have measurable benefits to tornado, severe thunderstorm, flash flood, and winter storm warnings. C1 NOAA, NWS, Eastern Reg Headquarters, Sci Serv Div, Bohemia, NY 11716 USA. RP Waldstreicher, JS (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Eastern Reg Headquarters, Sci Serv Div, 630 Johnson Ave, Bohemia, NY 11716 USA. EM jeff.waldstreicher@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 BP 193 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-2-193 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903ZO UT WOS:000227464500021 ER PT J AU Velden, C Daniels, J Stettner, D Santek, D Key, J Dunion, J Holmlund, K Dengel, G Bresky, W Menzel, P AF Velden, C Daniels, J Stettner, D Santek, D Key, J Dunion, J Holmlund, K Dengel, G Bresky, W Menzel, P TI Recent innovations in deriving tropospheric winds from meteorological satellites SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CLOUD-DRIFT WINDS; ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; TRACK FORECASTS; DOPPLER LIDAR; PART II; IMPACT; VALIDATION; PREDICTION; WEATHER; METHODOLOGY AB Innovative new research advances aimed at improving ways of deriving tropospheric winds from satellites have been a focus of WMO and CGMS cosponsored International Wind Workshops. C1 Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. Univ Miami, CIMAS, Miami, FL 33152 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, HRD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. Raytheon Technol Serv, Waltham, MA USA. Raytheon Sci Serv, Waltham, MA USA. RP Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM chrisv@ssec.wisc.edu RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Daniels, Jaime/E-7933-2011; Dunion, Jason/B-1352-2014; Key, Jeffrey/F-5597-2010 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Daniels, Jaime/0000-0002-9438-6631; Dunion, Jason/0000-0001-7489-0569; Key, Jeffrey/0000-0001-6109-3050 NR 67 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 86 IS 2 BP 205 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-2-205 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 903ZO UT WOS:000227464500022 ER PT J AU Lee, YW Sampson, DB AF Lee, YW Sampson, DB TI Monte Carlo evaluation of a nonlinear regression estimator for aggregated length-weight data SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MICROSTOMUS-PACIFICUS; DOVER SOLE; FISH AB Parameters of fish length-weight relationships (W = aL(b)) are usually estimated by applying linear regression to log-transformed length and weight values, but measuring individual weights is time-consuming and expensive. Often, length and weight data are available as sets of length measurements and aggregated sample weights, and the aggregate average weight of a sample can be expressed as the average of the weights predicted for the individual fish lengths. This study evaluated the feasibility of applying nonlinear regression to aggregated length-weight data. Experiments with simulated random length-weight data demonstrated that the estimates of parameter b appear to be unbiased and the estimates of a are right-skewed and biased. Further, the estimates of ln(a) and b are almost perfectly correlated. The precision and accuracy of the estimates were greatly influenced by the number of aggregate samples but were relatively unaffected by the number of fish in each sample. An additional experiment showed that the residuals from the regression can be used to detect small changes in the length-weight parameters. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Lee, YW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM yong-woo.lee@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 62 IS 2 BP 362 EP 373 DI 10.1139/F04-194 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 912MV UT WOS:000228083800012 ER PT J AU Bronte, CR Ebener, MP Schreiner, DR DeVault, DS Petzold, MM Jensen, DA Richards, C Lozano, SJ AF Bronte, CR Ebener, MP Schreiner, DR DeVault, DS Petzold, MM Jensen, DA Richards, C Lozano, SJ TI Fish community change in Lake Superior, 1970-2000 (vol 60, pg 1552, 2003) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Correction C1 US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783 USA. Minnesota Dept Nat Resources, Lake Super Area Fisheries Program, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Ecol Serv, Ft Snelling, MN 55111 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Sault Ste Marie, ON P6A 2E5, Canada. Univ Minnesota, Sea Grant Program, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Bronte, CR (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Green Bay Fishery Resources Off, 2661 Scott Tower Dr, New Franken, WI 54229 USA. EM charles_bronte@fws.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 9 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 62 IS 2 BP 482 EP 482 DI 10.1139/F05-054 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 912MV UT WOS:000228083800022 ER PT J AU Baird, RW Hanson, MB Dill, LM AF Baird, RW Hanson, MB Dill, LM TI Factors influencing the diving behaviour of fish-eating killer whales: sex differences and diel and interannual variation in diving rates SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ORCINUS-ORCA; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; CHUM SALMON; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; COASTAL WATERS; NIGHTTIME BEHAVIOR; VERTICAL MOVEMENTS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; WATCHING BOATS AB Diving behaviour of air-breathing vertebrates may be influenced by a variety of factors including age, body size, and changes in prey behaviour and (or) abundance over both short and long timescales. We studied the diving behaviour of a highly sexually dimorphic odontocete cetacean, the killer whale, Orcinus orca (L., 1758), using suction-cup-attached time-depth recorders (TDRs). We tested the hypotheses that dive rates (no. of dives/h greater than or equal to specific depths) of fish-eating killer whales varied between males and females, with age, between day and night, and among pods and years. Data were used from 34 TDR deployments between 1993 and 2002 in the inshore waters of southern British Columbia, Canada, and Washington, USA. Dive rates did not change with age or differ among pods or between males and females, although analyses restricted to adults showed that adult males dove deep significantly more frequently than adult females during the day. For all whales, dive rates and swim speeds were greater during the day than at night, suggesting decreased activity levels at night. Dive rates to deeper depths during the day decreased over the study, suggesting a long-term change in prey behaviour or abundance, though uncertainty regarding the diet of this population precludes determination of the cause of such changes. C1 Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Behav Ecol Res Grp, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Baird, RW (reprint author), Cascadia Res Collect, 218 1-2 W 4th Ave, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. EM rwbaird@dal.ca NR 42 TC 52 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 83 IS 2 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.1139/Z05-007 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 930JQ UT WOS:000229412400001 ER PT J AU Snyder, KA AF Snyder, KA TI Reply to the discussion by C. Shi of the paper "Estimating the electrical conductivity of cement paste pore solution from OH-, K+, and Na+ concentrations" SO CEMENT AND CONCRETE RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material ID ASTM C1202; T277 C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Snyder, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.snyder@nist.gov RI Chen, Wei/A-5694-2010 NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-8846 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE RES JI Cem. Concr. Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 35 IS 2 BP 421 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.cemconres.2004.05.004 PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 904PQ UT WOS:000227510600030 ER PT J AU Satterfield, MB Welch, MJ AF Satterfield, MB Welch, MJ TI Comparison by LC-MS and MALDI-MS of prostate-specific antigen from five commercial sources with certified reference material 613 SO CLINICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE prostate-specific antigen (PSA); mass spectrometry; European Commission Community Bureau of Reference ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PROTEIN-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR-MASS; TOTAL PSA; PURIFICATION; ASSAYS; ALPHA(1)-ANTICHYMOTRYPSIN; STANDARDIZATION; ESTABLISHMENT; FORMS AB Objective: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) samples from five commercial sources were compared with PSA from the European Commission Community Bureau of Reference, known as CRM 613, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS). Design and methods: The effects of storage at various temperatures, multiple freeze-thaw cycles and lyophilization vs. solution storage were investigated. Results: CRM 613 and the five commercially available samples varied in their heterogeneity and in the amount of PSA with a molecular mass of 28,430 kDa. Few changes were observed among any of the samples during the stability study or study of the effect of lyophilization and freeze-thaw cycles. Conclusions: Use of many of the commercial PSA sources as authentic PSA standards for calibrants for in vitro diagnostic tests could lead to significantly biased PSA measurements. Although all the PSA samples appear to be relatively stable for the time periods and conditions studied, some of the commercially available samples contain limited amounts of PSA and included other unidentified components. Published by The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Satterfield, MB (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.satterfield@nist.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-9120 J9 CLIN BIOCHEM JI Clin. Biochem. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 38 IS 2 BP 166 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2004.10.016 PG 9 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 890VU UT WOS:000226540000010 PM 15642280 ER PT J AU Seaborn, GT Moore, MK Balazs, GH AF Seaborn, GT Moore, MK Balazs, GH TI Depot fatty acid composition in immature green turtles (Chelonia mydas) residing at two near-shore foraging areas in the Hawaiian Islands SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE algae; Chelonia mydas; diet; fatty acids; gas chromatography; lipid; marine turtle; seagrass ID TRANS-6-HEXADECENOIC ACID; DERMOCHELYS-CORIACEA; HABITAT USE; SEA; MARINE; FIBROPAPILLOMATOSIS; LIPIDS; FISH; INVERTEBRATES; SIGNATURES AB The lipid content and fatty acid composition of depot fat were determined for 58 immature Green turtle; (Chelonia mydas) residing at two near-shore foraging areas, Ahu-O-Laka, located in Kaneohe Bay on Oahu, and Kiholo Bay located on the island of Hawaii. Benthic flora at Kiholo was limited to a single algal species but included algae and seagrass at Ahu-O-Laka. Turtle straight carapace length ranged froth 38.6 to 59.2 cm, suggesting that the sample set included new recruits to up to 12-year residents. Fatty acid data were analyzed using principal components analysis (PCA). PC1 accounted for over 50% of the variance. Turtles were generally delineated alone PC1 by the length of time on benthic foraging grounds. with high (>0.75) negative loadings for the fatty acids 22:6n-3, 7M7H, t16:1n-10, 15:0, and 17:0 associated with relatively new recruits (suggesting a pelagic dietary source for these fatty acids) and high positive loadings for 12:0 and 14:0 associated with lone-teen residents. PC2 separated turtles primarily by capture location, with high positive loadings for 18:2n-6 and 18:3n-3 [the primary seagrass polyunsaturated fatty acids] associated with the Ahu-O-Laka turtles. Fatty acid profiles of turtles horn both locations differed substantially froth those of their benthic diets. suggesting considerable modification of dietary fatty acids and de novo biosynthesis. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Seaborn, GT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Gloria.Seaborn@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 4 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 140 IS 2 BP 183 EP 195 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.09.017 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 893OK UT WOS:000226728900002 PM 15649765 ER PT J AU Jackson, LF McCormick, SD Madsen, SS Swanson, P Sullivan, CV AF Jackson, LF McCormick, SD Madsen, SS Swanson, P Sullivan, CV TI Osmoregulatory effects of hypophysectomy and homologous prolactin replacement in hybrid striped bass SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE teleost; osmoregulation; prolactin; ATPase; hypophysectomy; osmolality; Na+,K+-ATPase activity; electrolytes; Morone; striped bass ID TILAPIA OREOCHROMIS-NILOTICUS; FRESH-WATER; CHLORIDE CELLS; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; MORONE-SAXATILIS; GROWTH-HORMONE; OPERCULAR MEMBRANE; SALMON PROLACTIN; ADAPTED TILAPIA; GILL EPITHELIUM AB The effects of ovine prolactin (oPRL) and striped bass prolactin (sbPRL: Morone saxatilis) on plasma osmolality. electrolyte balance. and gill Na+,K+-ATPase activity were investigated in hypophysectomized (Hx), freshwater (FW)-acclimated, hybrid striped bass (M. saxatilis x Morone chrysops). They were kept in dilute (isoosmotic) seawater for about 10 days after surgery. Seven days after transfer to FW, Hx fish lad lower plasma osmolality and lower levels of Na+, Cl-, and Ca2+ than sham-operated and intact fish, Fish were injected four times with oPRL (1, 5, or 20 mug/g body mass), sbPRL (10 or 100 ng/g), or hormone vehicle (0.9% NaCl) at 48-h intervals (days 0, 2, 4, and 6) in FW and then sampled for blood plasma 24 h after the fourth injection (day 7). In Hx fish, oPRL (5 and 20 mu/g) and sibPRL (10 and 100 ng/g) were effective in maintaining plasma osmolality and levels of Na+,Cl-, and Ca2+ above values seen in saline-injecied controls. Hypophysectomy did not affect branchial Na+,K+-ATPase activity, but enzyme activity was significantly reduced in Hx fish receiving oPRL (20 mug/ g) or sbPRL (10 or 100 ng/g). These results indicate that PRL acts to maintain plasma osmotic and ionic balance in FW-adapted hybrid striped bass, and that this may involve downregulation of branchial Na+,K+-ATPase activity. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Natl Biol Serv, Anadromous Fish Res Ctr, Turners Falls, MA 01376 USA. Univ So Denmark, Inst Biol, DK-5230 Odense, Denmark. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Sullivan, CV (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM craig_sullivan@ncsu.edu RI Sullivan, Craig/B-3863-2014; OI Sullivan, Craig/0000-0002-3609-9458; Madsen, Steffen Sondergaard/0000-0002-5785-7094 NR 41 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 140 IS 2 BP 211 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2004.10.004 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 893OK UT WOS:000226728900005 PM 15649768 ER PT J AU Gill, RE Piersma, T Hufford, G Servranckx, R Riegen, A AF Gill, RE Piersma, T Hufford, G Servranckx, R Riegen, A TI Crossing the ultimate ecological barrier: Evidence for an 11000-km-long nonstop flight from Alaska to New Zealand and eastern Australia by Bar-tailed Godwits SO CONDOR LA English DT Article DE Bar-tailed Godwit; energetics; flight mechanics; Limosa lapponica; migration; Oceania; wind-selected migration ID LONG-DISTANCE MIGRANT; BIRD FLIGHT; SHOREBIRD MIGRATION; STOPOVER SITE; GREAT KNOTS; WIND-TUNNEL; FAT; BEHAVIOR; WADERS; ORGANS AB Populations of the Bar-tailed Godwit (Limosa lapponica; Scolopacidae) embark on some of the longest migrations known among birds. The baueri race breeds in western Alaska and spends the nonbreeding season a hemisphere away in New Zealand and eastern Australia; the menzbieri race breeds in Siberia and migrates to western and northern Australia. Although the Siberian birds are known to follow the coast of Asia during both migrations, the southern pathway followed by the Alaska breeders has remained unknown. Two questions have particular ecological importance: (1) do Alaska godwits migrate directly across the Pacific, a distance of 11 000 km? and (2) are they capable of doing this in a single flight without stopping to rest or refuel? We explored six lines of evidence to answer these questions. The distribution of resightings of marked birds of the baueri and menzbieri races was significantly different between northward and southward flights with virtually no marked baueri resighted along the Asian mainland during southward migration. The timing of southward migration of the two races further indicates the absence of a coastal Asia route by baueri with peak passage of godwits in general occurring there a month prior to the departure of most birds from Alaska. The use of a direct route across the Pacific is also supported by significantly more records of godwits reported from within a direct migration corridor than elsewhere in Oceania, and during,the September to November period than at other times of the year. The annual but rare occurrence of Hudsonian Godwits (L. haemastica) in New Zealand and the absence of their records along the Asian mainland also support a direct flight and are best explained by Hudsonian Godwits accompanying Bar-tailed Godwits from known communal staging areas in Alaska. Flight simulation models, extreme fat loads, and the apparent evolution of a wind-selected migration from Alaska further support a direct, nonstop flight. C1 US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. Univ Groningen, Anim Ecol Grp, Ctr Ecol & Evolut Studies, NL-9750 AA Haren, Netherlands. Royal Netherlands Inst Sea Res, Dept Marine Ecol & Evolut, NL-1790 AB Den Burg, Netherlands. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admin, Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. Canadian Meteorol Serv, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. RP Gill, RE (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, 1011 E Tudor Rd, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. EM robert_gill@usgs.gov RI Piersma, Theunis/D-1871-2012 NR 87 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 34 PU COOPER ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0010-5422 J9 CONDOR JI Condor PD FEB PY 2005 VL 107 IS 1 BP 1 EP 20 DI 10.1650/7613 PG 20 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 896UV UT WOS:000226960300001 ER PT J AU Weinberg, JR Keith, C AF Weinberg, JR Keith, C TI Revisiting population size-structure of the deep-sea red crab, Chaceon quinquedens SO CRUSTACEANA LA English DT Article C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Weinberg, JR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM James.Weinberg@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU BRILL ACADEMIC PUBLISHERS PI LEIDEN PA PLANTIJNSTRAAT 2, P O BOX 9000, 2300 PA LEIDEN, NETHERLANDS SN 0011-216X J9 CRUSTACEANA JI Crustaceana PD FEB PY 2005 VL 78 BP 245 EP 246 DI 10.1163/1568540054020604 PN 2 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 923PO UT WOS:000228922000010 ER PT J AU Matishov, GG Zuev, AN Golubev, VA Levitus, S Smolyar, I AF Matishov, GG Zuev, AN Golubev, VA Levitus, S Smolyar, I TI Mega database on oceanography and biology of the western Arctic region SO DOKLADY EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article C1 Russian Acad Sci, Murmansk Marine Biol Inst, Kola Sci Ctr, Murmansk 117901, Russia. Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20906 USA. RP Matishov, GG (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Murmansk Marine Biol Inst, Kola Sci Ctr, Ul Vladimirskaya 17, Murmansk 117901, Russia. EM matishov@mmbi.info; ismolyar@nodc.noaa.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTERPERIODICA PI BIRMINGHAM PA PO BOX 1831, BIRMINGHAM, AL 35201-1831 USA SN 1028-334X J9 DOKL EARTH SCI JI Dokl. Earth Sci. PD FEB-MAR PY 2005 VL 401 IS 2 BP 343 EP 346 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 920EG UT WOS:000228671600039 ER PT J AU Tuerk, KJS Kucklick, JR Becker, PR Stapleton, HM Baker, JE AF Tuerk, KJS Kucklick, JR Becker, PR Stapleton, HM Baker, JE TI Persistent organic pollutants in two dolphin species with focus on toxaphene and polybrominated diphenyl ethers SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; STENO-BREDANENSIS; HARBOR PORPOISES; VAPOR-PRESSURES; MARINE MAMMALS; ST-LAWRENCE; PBDES AB Assessing trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPS) in marine mammals is difficult due to age, gender, and metabolism influences on accumulation. To help elucidate these effects in dolphins, POP concentrations were determined in the Atlantic white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus acutus, a pelagic delphinid inhabiting North Atlantic waters, and in the rough-toothed dolphin, Steno bredanensis, a pelagic delphinid inhabiting tropical and subtropical waters. The specific objectives of this study were to determine baseline POP concentrations in L. acutus and S. bredanensis blubber samples and to examine the effects of age, gender, and metabolism on POP concentrations in dolphin blubber. Focus was aimed at contaminants of emerging concern, specifically, toxaphene and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Samples collected from L. acutus (n = 47) stranding events in Massachusetts (19932000) and S. bredanensis samples (n = 15) were analyzed for PCBs, toxaphene, and other organic pesticides by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Age and gender influences were similar between the two species, with adult females having significantly lower POP concentrations as compared to adult males and juveniles. Mean Sigmatoxaphene concentrations were highest in juvenile L. acutus, 13.0 (63) mug/g wet mass (11 SO), and lowest in adult female S. bredanensis, 1.49 (1.4) mug/g wet mass. SigmaPBDE (sum of congeners 47, 99, 100, 153, and 154) concentrations were highest in juvenile L. acutus, 2.41 (1.2) mug/g wet mass, and lowest in adult female S. bredanensis, 0.51 (0.6) mug/g wet mass. POP concentrations did not significantly differ between adult males and juveniles, suggesting metabolism of congeners and/or dilution with growth. PBDE concentrations in juvenile white-sided dolphins were not significantly related to collection year, suggesting that there may be a lag period for higher concentrations to be detected in pelagic marine mammals such as L. acutus or that concentrations have already peaked in this species prior to the first collection in 1993. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Kucklick, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.kucklick@nist.gov RI Baker, Joel/A-9685-2011 OI Baker, Joel/0000-0002-9980-7781 NR 49 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD FEB 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 3 BP 692 EP 698 DI 10.1021/es/0487675 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 893IN UT WOS:000226712600013 PM 15757328 ER PT J AU Buchanan, C Lacouture, RV Marshall, HG Olson, M Johnson, JM AF Buchanan, C Lacouture, RV Marshall, HG Olson, M Johnson, JM TI Phytoplankton reference communities for Chesapeake Bay and its tidal tributaries SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID CARBON CONTENT; CELL VOLUME; RIVER; CHLOROPHYLL; PATTERNS; NITROGEN AB Phytoplankton reference communities for Chesapeake Bay were quantified from least-impaired water quality conditions using commonly measured parameters and indicators derived from measured parameters. A binning approach was developed to classify water quality. Least-impaired conditions had relatively high water column transparency and low concentrations of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and orthophosphate. Reference communities in all seasons and salinity zones are characterized by consistently low values of chlorophyll a and pheophytin coupled with relatively stable proportions of the phytoplankton taxonomic groups and low biomasses of key bloom-forming species. Chlorophyll cell content was lower and less variable and average cell size and seasonal picophvtoplankton biomass tended to be greater in the mesohaline and polyhaline reference communities as compared to the impaired communities. Biomass concentrations of the nano-micro phytoplankton size fractions (2-200 mu m) in 12 of the 16 season-specific and salinity-specific reference communities were the same or higher than those in impaired habitat conditions, suggesting that nutrient reductions will not decrease the quantity of edible phytoplankton food available to large consumers. High (bloom) and low (bust) biomass events within the impaired phytoplankton communities showed strikingly different chlorophyll cell content and turnover rates. Freshwater flow had little effect on phytoplankton responses to water quality condition in most of the estuary. Improved water column transparency, or clarity, through the reduction of suspended sediments will be particularly important in attaining the reference communities. Significant nitrogen load reductions are also required. C1 Morgan State Univ, Estuarine Res Ctr, St Leonard, MD 20685 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. US EPA, Interstate Commiss Potomac River Basin, Chesapeake Bay Program, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Buchanan, C (reprint author), 51 Monroe St,PE-08, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM cbuchan@icprb.org NR 54 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD FEB PY 2005 VL 28 IS 1 BP 138 EP 159 DI 10.1007/BF02732760 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 910PP UT WOS:000227944300011 ER PT J AU Abookire, AA Rose, CS AF Abookire, AA Rose, CS TI Modifications to a plumb staff beam trawl for sampling uneven, complex habitats SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE beam trawl; small-meshed; juvenile fish; complex habitat ID KODIAK ISLAND; ATLANTIC COD; ALASKA; PLEURONECTIDS; DISTRIBUTIONS; VARIABILITY; WATERS; SOLE; SEA AB A small (5.1 m footrope) plumb staff beam trawl was modified to sample demersal fauna in uneven, complex habitats. Several SCUBA dives were made to observe and measure the modified trawl while being towed. Additionally, an underwater camera system was used to observe footrope contact with the bottom at varying amounts of scope ratio on several bottom types including pure sand, mixed sand with emergent biotic structure, sand with shell fragments, mud with shell fragments, and gravel and shell bedforms. Net modification tests were followed by field collections at 55 stations in which 49 species of fish were captured. The modified beam trawl appears to be an effective tool for sampling demersal fishes in a variety of habitats, including those with emergent biotic structure. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Abookire, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM alisa.abookire@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 71 IS 2 BP 247 EP 254 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2004.06.006 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 889LU UT WOS:000226445300010 ER PT J AU Lemmon, EW Ihmels, EC AF Lemmon, EW Ihmels, EC TI Thermodynamic properties of the butenes Part II. Short fundamental equations of state SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Propertiies and Phase Equilibria for Product and Process Design CY MAY 16-21, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT DE 1-butene; caloric properties; cis-2-butene; density; equation of state; fundamental equation; isobutene; thermodynamic properties; trans-2-butene; vapor pressure ID VAPOR-LIQUID-EQUILIBRIUM; UNSATURATED ALIPHATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PLUS 2-METHYL-2-PROPANOL SYSTEMS; N-BUTANE; VIRIAL-COEFFICIENTS; BINARY-SYSTEMS; HEAT-CAPACITY; PRESSURES; 1-BUTENE; ISOBUTENE AB Experimental measurements of density, vapor pressure, and the critical point for 1-butene, isobutene, cis-2-butene, and trans-2-butene were discussed in Part I of this work. The equations of state presented in this work were developed from these measurements and other information from the literature using a short functional form explicit in the Helmholtz energy. The functional form is based on temperature and density polynomial terms used in previous work, with both the coefficients of the equations of state and the exponents on temperature polynomial terms fitted to substance-specific data sets. Uncertainties of properties calculated using the new equations are typically 0.1% in density in the liquid phase, 0.5% in heat capacities for the saturated liquid, and 0.25-0.5% in vapor pressure. Deviations in the critical region are higher for all properties except vapor pressure. The equations are valid from the triple points of the fluids to temperatures of 525 K, with pressures to 50 MPa. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Oldenburg, LTP GmbH, D-26111 Oldenburg, Germany. RP Lemmon, EW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM eric1@boulder.nist.gov NR 66 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 4 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 228 SI SI BP 173 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2004.09.004 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 932WJ UT WOS:000229584900022 ER PT J AU Huber, ML Laesecke, A Xiang, HW AF Huber, ML Laesecke, A Xiang, HW TI Viscosity correlations for minor constituent fluids in natural gas: n-octane, n-nonane and n-decane SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Propertiies and Phase Equilibria for Product and Process Design CY MAY 16-21, 2004 CL Snowbird, UT DE alkanes; decane; natural gas constituents; nonane; octane; viscosity ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; LIQUID HYDROCARBONS; BINARY-MIXTURES; HIGH-PRESSURES; 298.15 K; 25 MPA; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY; METHANE; COEFFICIENTS AB Natural gas, although predominantly comprised of methane, often contains small amounts of heavier hydrocarbons that contribute to its thermodynamic and transport properties. In this manuscript, we review the current literature and present new correlations for the viscosity of the pure fluids n-octane, n-nonane, and n-decane that are valid over a wide range of fluid states, from the dilute gas to the dense liquid. The new correlations represent the viscosity to within the uncertainty of the best experimental data and will be useful for engineers working on viscosity models for natural gas and other hydrocarbon mixtures. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Div 838 08, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Huber, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Div 838 08, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM marcia.huber@nist.gov NR 63 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 228 SI SI BP 401 EP 408 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2005.03.008 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 932WJ UT WOS:000229584900048 ER PT J AU Pierce, AL Shimizu, M Beckman, BR Baker, DM Dickhoff, WW AF Pierce, AL Shimizu, M Beckman, BR Baker, DM Dickhoff, WW TI Time course of the GH/IGF axis response to fasting and increased ration in chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO GENERAL AND COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth hormone; insulin-like growth factor-1; nutritional status; somatotropic axis; teleost fish ID GROWTH-FACTOR-I; MESSENGER-RNA EXPRESSION; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA; RAINBOW-TROUT; COHO SALMON; IGF-I; OREOCHROMIS-MOSSAMBICUS; NUTRITIONAL REGULATION; HORMONE-SECRETION AB Body growth in vertebrates is chiefly regulated by the GH/IGF axis. Pituitary growth hormone (GH) stimulates liver insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) production. During fasting, plasma IGF-I levels decline due to the development of liver GH resistance, while GH levels generally increase. In mammals., decreased insulin during fasting is thought to cause liver GH resistance. However, the sequence of events in the GH/IGF axis response to fasting is not well characterized, especially in non-mammalian vertebrates. We assessed the time course of the GH/IGF axis response to fasting and increased ration in chinook salmon. Fish were placed on Fasting, Increased, or Control rations, and sampled daily for 4 days and at more widely spaced intervals through 29 days. Plasma IGF-I, GH, insulin, and 41 kDa IGF binding protein (putative salmon IGFBP-3), and liver IGF-I gene expression were measured. Control and Increased ration fish did not differ strongly. Plasma IGF-I and 41 kDa IGFBP were significantly lower in Fasted versus Control fish from day 4 onward, and liver IGF-I gene expression was significantly lower from day 6 onward. Liver IGF-I gene expression and plasma IGF-I levels were correlated. Plasma insulin was lower in Fasted fish from day 6 onward. There was a trend toward increased GH in Fasted fish on days 1-2, and GH was significantly increased Fasted fish from day 3 onward. Fasted GH first increased (days 1-3) to a plateau of 10-20 ng/ml (days 4-12) and then increased dramatically (days 15-29), suggesting that the GH response to fasting had three phases. The early increase in GH, followed by the decrease in plasma IGF-I after 4 days, suggests that GH resistance developed within 4 days. (C) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Integrat Fish Biol Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Bot, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Pierce, AL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM piercea@u.washington.edu NR 52 TC 90 Z9 94 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0016-6480 J9 GEN COMP ENDOCR JI Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 140 IS 3 BP 192 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.ygcen.2004.10.017 PG 11 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 893ET UT WOS:000226702800006 PM 15639147 ER PT J AU Hegaret, H Wikfors, GH AF Hegaret, H Wikfors, GH TI Time-dependent changes in hemocytes of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, and northern bay scallops, Argopecten irradians irradians, exposed to a cultured strain of Prorocentrum minimum SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE bivalve mollusk; dinoflagellate; HAB; harmful algae; innate immunity ID FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; PERKINSUS-MARINUS; RED TIDE; RESPONSES; FLORIDA; BLOOM AB Juvenile oysters and scallops were exposed, under controlled laboratory conditions, to bloom concentrations of a cultured dinoflagellate with demonstrated lethal and sub-lethal, pathological effects upon these bivalves. Immune status of the mollusks was assessed periodically, using flow-cytometric hemocyte analyses for hematological characteristics and several hemocyte functions, during 7 days of continuous exposure. Principal Components Analysis (PCA) was used to develop correlative profiles of immune status of affected and unaffected shellfish, and Multifactor Analysis of Variance using PCA results as the dependent variable was conducted to test effects of P. minimum and time of exposure, as well as interactions of these two factors, upon immune status. For both oysters and scallops, P. minimum exposure had a significant effect upon immune profile, and this effect was dependent upon duration of exposure. The most pronounced effects of 7-day exposure of both oysters and scallops were increases in granulocyte percentage and dead hemocytes, following an initial (1-day) boost in hyalinocyte number. Changes in hemocyte function attendant with shifts in hyalinocyte/granulocyte ratio were observed as well. This is the first report of which we are aware demonstrating immunological effects of a harmful alga upon the immune system of grazing mollusks. The finding that immune-system effects of this representative HAB are dependent upon duration of exposure has likely ecological relevance considering the growing consensus that the extent and severity of HAB's are increasing worldwide. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Wikfors, GH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM Gary.Wikfors@noaa.gov RI Hegaret, Helene/B-7206-2008 OI Hegaret, Helene/0000-0003-4639-9013 NR 41 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD FEB PY 2005 VL 4 IS 2 BP 187 EP 199 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2003.12.004 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 899UA UT WOS:000227169600001 ER PT J AU Hegaret, H Wikfors, GH AF Hegaret, H Wikfors, GH TI Effects of natural and field-simulated blooms of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum upon hemocytes of eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica, from two different populations SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE bivalve mollusk; dinoflagellate; HAB; harmful algae; innate immunity ID FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS AB Oysters, Crassostrea virginica, from two populations, one from a coastal pond experiencing repeated dinoflagellate blooms (native), and the other from another site where blooms have not been observed (non-native), were analyzed for cellular immune system profiles before and during natural and simulated (by adding cultured algae to natural plankton) blooms of the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum. Significant differences in hemocytes between the two oyster populations, before and after the blooms, were found with ANOVA, principal components analysis (PCA) and ANOVA applied to PCA components. Stress associated with blooms of P. minimum included an increase in hemocyte number, especially granulocytes and small granulocytes, and an increase in phagocytosis associated with a decrease in aggregation and mortality of the hemocytes, as compared with oysters in pre-bloom analyses. Non-native oysters constitutively had a hemocyte profile more similar to that induced by P. minimum than that of native oysters, but this profile did not impart increased resistance. The effect of P. minimum on respiratory burst was different according to the origin of the oysters, with the dinoflagellate causing a 35% increase in the respiratory burst of the native oysters but having no effect on that of the non-native oysters. Increased respiratory burst in hemocytes of native oysters exposed to P. minimum in both simulated and natural blooms may represent an adaptation to annual blooms whereby surviving native oysters protect themselves against tissue damage from ingested P. minimum. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Wikfors, GH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM gary.wikfors@noaa.gov RI Hegaret, Helene/B-7206-2008 OI Hegaret, Helene/0000-0003-4639-9013 NR 12 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD FEB PY 2005 VL 4 IS 2 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2003.12.005 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 899UA UT WOS:000227169600002 ER PT J AU Goodwin, KD Cotton, SA Scorzetti, G Fell, JW AF Goodwin, KD Cotton, SA Scorzetti, G Fell, JW TI A DNA hybridization assay to identify toxic dinoflagellates in coastal waters: detection of Karenia brevis in the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Amphidinitan carterae; DNA hybridization; Karenio brevis; Karenia mikimotoi; molecular probes; Rookery Bay NERR ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; RED-TIDE; GYMNODINIUM-MIKIMOTOI; ALEXANDRIUM DINOPHYCEAE; PTYCHODISCUS-BREVIS; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMERASE; MORPHOLOGY AB A DNA hybridization assay was developed in microtiter plate format to detect the presence of toxic dinoflagellates in coastal waters. Simultaneous detection of multiple species was demonstrated using Karenia brevis, Karenia mikimotoi, and Amphidinium carterae. Molecular probes were designed to detect both K. brevis and K. mikimotoi and to distinguish between these two closely related species. The assay was used to detect K. brevis in coastal waters collected from the Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Assay results were verified by species-specific PCR and sequence analysis. The presence/absence of K. brevis was consistent with microscopic observation. Assay sensitivity was sufficient to detect K. brevis in amounts defined by a regional monitoring program as "present" (less than or equal to1000 cells/L). The assay yielded quick colorimetric results, used a single hybridization temperature, and conserved the amount of genomic DNA utilized by employing one set of PCR primers. The microplate assay provides a useful tool to quickly screen large sample sets for multiple target organisms. (C) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33019 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33019 USA. RP Goodwin, KD (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Labs, Ocean Chem Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33019 USA. EM kelly.goodwin@noaa.gov RI Goodwin, Kelly/B-4985-2014 OI Goodwin, Kelly/0000-0001-9583-8073 NR 46 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD FEB PY 2005 VL 4 IS 2 BP 411 EP 422 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2004.07.005 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 899UA UT WOS:000227169600020 ER PT J AU Demer, DA Conti, SG AF Demer, DA Conti, SG TI New target-strength model indicates more krill in the Southern Ocean SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abundance; CCAMLR 2000; Euphausia superba; krill orientations; SDWBA model; target strength ID WAVE BORN APPROXIMATION; ANTARCTIC KRILL; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; 120 KHZ; ORIENTATION; SCATTERING; ABUNDANCE; VICINITY; CAVITY AB Antarctic krill, Eaphausia superba, comprises the foundation of the foodweb in the Southern Ocean and is the target of a large fishery. Recently, the total abundance of krill in the Scotia Sea was estimated from an international echosounder and net survey (CCAMLR 2000) to be 44.3 million metric tonnes (Mt; CV 11.4%) (Hewitt et al., 2002). The new biomass estimate prompted the Antarctic Treaty's Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) to revise the precautionary catch level for krill in the area from 1.5 to 4 Mt (SC-CAMLR, 2000). These survey results are based on the total echo energy attributed to krill, scaled by the Greene et al. (1991) model of krill acoustical reflectivity or target strength (TS). Presented here is a re-analysis of the CCAMLR 2000 data incorporating recent improvements in the characterization of krill TS. The results indicate that the estimated krill biomass in the Scotia Sea may be as high as 192.4 Mt (CV = 11.7%), or as low as 109.4 Mt (CV = 10.4%), depending solely on the expected distribution of krill orientations. The new Stochastic, Distorted-Wave, Born-Approximation (SDWBA) TS model solved with an empirically estimated distribution of in situ orientations leads to a krill-biomass estimate that is nearly 2.5 times the previous estimate. In consequence, revisions may be warranted of the standard krill TS model, the CCAMLR 2000 biomass estimate, and the associated precautionary catch level for krill in the Scotia Sea. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Adv Survey Technol Program, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Demer, DA (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Adv Survey Technol Program, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM david.demer@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 74 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.07.027 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 893YY UT WOS:000226758200003 ER PT J AU Chaput, G Legault, CM Reddin, DG Caron, F Amiro, PG AF Chaput, G Legault, CM Reddin, DG Caron, F Amiro, PG TI Provision of catch advice taking account of non-stationarity in productivity of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) in the Northwest Atlantic SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; non-stationarity; productivity; risk analysis ID PACIFIC SALMON; GREENLAND; AMERICAN; TRENDS; ORIGIN AB The paper presents the data, the models, and the approach for the provision of management advice for a high seas mixed stock fishery oil Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). The approach incorporates observation errors, model uncertainty, and considers a possible shift in the productivity of Atlantic salmon. The risk analysis framework further incorporates uncertainty in the fishery harvest characteristics and presents the catch advice as probabilities of meeting or exceeding the conservation objectives relative to catch options. There is very strong evidence from the analyses that there has been a phase shift in productivity of Atlantic salmon of North American origin in the Northwest Atlantic. The change in productivity likely resulted from a change in marine survival which occurred in the early 1990s and has persisted to date. When the uncertainties in the input data are considered, the most parsimonious models Suggest that there has been a shift in absolute abundance independent of variations in the spawner index contributing to the recruitment. There continues to be a large amount of uncertainty in the measures of abundance and population dynamics of Atlantic salmon. Uncertainty in the understanding of population dynamics does not necessarily equate to uncertainty in management advice. If model results suggest that spawning objectives are unattainable even when harvest rates are zero, then any harvest level will either accelerate the rate of decline if the model prediction is correct or diminish the probability of recovery if the model prediction is wrong. Crown Copyright (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. All rights reserved. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. NOAA Fisheries, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, St Johns, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. Faune & Parcs Quebec, Direct Rech, Quebec City, PQ G1R 55V7, Canada. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Chaput, G (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, POB 5030, Moncton, NB E1C 9B6, Canada. EM chaputg@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 31 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 62 IS 1 BP 131 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.10.006 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 893YY UT WOS:000226758200013 ER PT J AU Busby, MS AF Busby, MS TI An unusual macrourid larva (Gadiformes) from San Juan Island, Washington, USA SO ICHTHYOLOGICAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE gadiformes; macrouridae; Coryphaenoides; larva; San Juan Island ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; CORYPHAENOIDES; DNA AB An unusual macrourid larva was collected in Friday Harbor, San Juan Island, Washington, USA. This specimen is remarkable in appearance having very long anterior dorsal- and pelvic-fin rays, with flattened distal ends free of the fin membrane, and a long, whiplike, heavily pigmented caudal filament. It is similar to smaller Coryphaenoides pectoralis larvae reported from the California Current region, and different from larger specimens of C. pectoralis from the northern North Pacific. Counts and other morphological similarities suggest that this larva should be tentatively assigned to genus Coryphaenoides. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Busby, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Morgan.Busby@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER TOKYO PI TOKYO PA 3-3-13, HONGO, BUNKYO-KU, TOKYO, 113-0033, JAPAN SN 1341-8998 J9 ICHTHYOL RES JI Ichthyol. Res. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 52 IS 1 BP 86 EP 89 DI 10.1007/s10228-004-0255-1 PG 4 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 899MM UT WOS:000227148500012 ER PT J AU Johansson, M Holloway, CL Kuester, EF AF Johansson, M Holloway, CL Kuester, EF TI Effective electromagnetic properties of honeycomb composites, and hollow-pyramidal and alternating-wedge absorbers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE composite materials; EM absorber; effective media; effective properties; homogenization; periodic structures ID LOW-FREQUENCY MODEL; BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; ARRAYS; CHAMBERS; MEDIA AB Closed-form expressions for the effective electromagnetic material properties of honeycomb composites and electromagnetic absorbers constructed in the shapes of alternating wedges and hollow pyramids are presented. These expressions can be used to efficiently calculate the interaction of electromagnetic fields with periodic structures of said geometries. The effective material properties from these expressions are compared to results obtained from a numerical solution of the actual cross-sectional geometry. Finally, we give guidance on how the expressions presented here and elsewhere can be used for other types of periodic geometries. C1 Ericsson Telecom AB, Antenna Res Ctr, SE-43184 Molndal, Sweden. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder Labs, US Dept Commerce, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Johansson, M (reprint author), Ericsson Telecom AB, Antenna Res Ctr, SE-43184 Molndal, Sweden. EM martin.n.johansson@ericsson.com; holloway@boulder.nist.gov; kuester@boulder.colorado.edu NR 36 TC 29 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD FEB PY 2005 VL 53 IS 2 BP 728 EP 736 DI 10.1109/TAP.2004.841320 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 896OT UT WOS:000226944100016 ER EF