FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Devic, S Seuntjens, J Sham, E Podgorsak, EB Schmidtlein, CR Kirov, AS Soares, CG AF Devic, S Seuntjens, J Sham, E Podgorsak, EB Schmidtlein, CR Kirov, AS Soares, CG TI Precise radiochromic film dosimetry using a flat-bed document scanner SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiochromic film dosimetry; flat-bed scanner; uncertainty analysis; sensitivity curves ID RADIATION-THERAPY; QUALITY-ASSURANCE; GAFCHROMIC FILMS; DIGITIZERS; DETECTOR; LIGHT AB In this study, a measurement protocol is presented that improves the precision of dose measurements using a flat-bed document scanner in conjunction with two new GafChromic(R) film models, HS and Prototype A EBT exposed to 6 MV photon beams. We established two sources of uncertainties in dose measurements, governed by measurement and calibration curve fit parameters contributions. We have quantitatively assessed the influence of different steps in the protocol on the overall dose measurement uncertainty. Applying the protocol described in this paper on the Agfa Arcus II flat-bed document scanner, the overall one-sigma dose measurement uncertainty for an uniform field amounts to 2% or less for doses above around 0.4 Gy in the case of the EBT (Prototype A), and for doses above 5 Gy in the case of the HS model GafChromic(R) film using a region of interest 2 X 2 mm(2) in size. (C) 2005 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Med Phys, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Devic, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Med Phys, Ctr Hlth, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. EM devic@medphys.mcgill.ca NR 28 TC 277 Z9 277 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 32 IS 7 BP 2245 EP 2253 DI 10.1118/1.1929253 PG 9 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 945ZW UT WOS:000230542600008 PM 16121579 ER PT J AU Stiles, T Fallon, R Vestad, T Oakey, J Marr, DWM Squier, J Jimenez, R AF Stiles, T Fallon, R Vestad, T Oakey, J Marr, DWM Squier, J Jimenez, R TI Hydrodynamic focusing for vacuum-pumped microfluidics SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS LA English DT Article DE hydrodynamic focusing; vacuum pumping ID KINETICS; NANOLITERS; MIXER; CHIP AB Hydrodynamic focusing has proven to be a useful microfluidics technique for the study of systems under rapid mixing conditions. Most studies to date have used a "push" configuration, requiring multiple pumps or pressure sources that complicate implementation and limit applications in point-of-care environments. Here, we demonstrate a simplified hydrodynamic focusing approach, in which a single pump pulling at the device outlet can be used to drive hydrodynamic focusing with not only excellent control over the focus width and stream velocity, but also with minimal sample consumption. In this technique, flow can be either mechanically driven or induced simply through Capillarity. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Marr, DWM (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM dmarr@mines.edu NR 10 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 18 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1613-4982 J9 MICROFLUID NANOFLUID JI Microfluid. Nanofluid. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 1 IS 3 BP 280 EP 283 DI 10.1007/s10404-005-0033-z PG 4 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 011XU UT WOS:000235302900009 ER PT J AU Mapes, BE Lin, JL AF Mapes, BE Lin, JL TI Doppler radar observations of mesoscale wind divergence in regions of tropical convection SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL PATTERNS; CLOUD CLUSTERS; PACIFIC; BUDGETS; SYSTEMS; HEAT; PROFILES; CLIMATE; EVOLUTION AB A simple new analysis method for large single-Doppler radar datasets is presented, using data from several tropical field experiments. A cylindrical grid is chosen, to respect both the geophysical importance of altitude and the radar importance of range and azimuth. Horizontal and temporal fine structure are sacrificed, by compiling data as hourly histograms in 12 X 24 X 36 spatial grid cells of 15 degrees azimuth X 8 km horizontal range X 500 m height, respectively. Mean Doppler radial velocity in each region is automatically unfolded (dealiased) using a simple histogram method, and fed into a velocity-azimuth display (VAD) analysis. The result is a set of hourly horizontal wind and wind divergence profiles. with associated error estimates, for circles of different radii centered on the radar. These divergence profiles contain useful heating profile information in many weather situations, not just occasional cases of uniform widespread rainfall. Consistency of independent estimates for concentric circles, continuity from hour to hour, and good mass balance indicate high-quality results in one 48-h example sequence shown. from the East Pacific Investigations of Climate (EPIC 2001) experiment. Linear regression of divergence profiles versus reflectivity-estimated surface rain rates is used to illustrate the dominant systematic pattern: convective rain with low-level wind convergence evolves into stratiform rain with middle-level convergence, on a characteristic time scale of several hours. Absolute estimates of moisture convergence per unit of Z-R calculated rainfall vary strongly among experiments, in ways that appear to indicate reflectivity calibration errors. This indicates that Doppler data may offer a useful and unique bulk constraint on rainfall estimation by radar. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mapes, BE (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM bmapes@rsmas.miami.edu RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010 NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 133 IS 7 BP 1808 EP 1824 DI 10.1175/MWR2941.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 949KR UT WOS:000230785700002 ER PT J AU Lewis, JM AF Lewis, JM TI Roots of ensemble forecasting SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Review ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; STOCHASTIC DYNAMIC PREDICTION; ATMOSPHERIC PREDICTABILITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; KALMAN FILTER; FLOW; MODEL; PERTURBATIONS; UNCERTAINTY; EQUATIONS AB The generation of a probabilistic view of dynamical weather prediction is traced back to the early 1950s, to that point in time when deterministic short-range numerical weather prediction (NWP) achieved its earliest success. Eric Eady was the first meteorologist to voice concern over strict determinism-that is, a future determined by the initial state without account for uncertainties in that state. By the end of the decade, Philip Thompson and Edward Lorenz explored the predictability limits of deterministic forecasting and set the stage for an alternate view-a stochastic-dynamic view that was enunciated by Edward Epstein. The steps in both operational short-range NWP and extended-range forecasting that justified a coupling between probability and dynamical law are followed. A discussion of the bridge from theory to practice follows, and the study ends with a genealogy of ensemble forecasting as an outgrowth of traditions in the history of science. C1 Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, Reno, NV 89512 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lewis, JM (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, Div Atmospher Sci, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jlewis@dri.edu NR 103 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 133 IS 7 BP 1865 EP 1885 DI 10.1175/MWR2949.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 949KR UT WOS:000230785700006 ER PT J AU Krishnamurti, TN Pattnaik, S Stefanova, L Kumar, TSVV Mackey, BP O'Shay, AJ Pasch, RJ AF Krishnamurti, TN Pattnaik, S Stefanova, L Kumar, TSVV Mackey, BP O'Shay, AJ Pasch, RJ TI The hurricane intensity issue SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MULTIMODEL SUPERENSEMBLE FORECASTS; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPICAL CYCLONE MOTION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; WAVE-NUMBER; MEAN FLOW; BOB 1991; PART I; MODEL; RESOLUTION AB The intensity issue of hurricanes is addressed in this paper using the angular momentum budget of a hurricane in storm-relative cylindrical coordinates and a scale-interaction approach. In the angular momentum budget in storm-relative coordinates, a large outer angular momentum of the hurricane is depleted continually along inflowing trajectories. This depletion occurs via surface and planetary boundary layer friction, model diffusion, and "cloud torques"; the latter is a principal contributor to the diminution of outer angular momentum. The eventual angular momentum of the parcel near the storm center determines the storm's final intensity. The scale-interaction approach is the familiar energetics in the wavenumber domain where the eddy and zonal kinetic energy on the hurricane scale offer some insights on its intensity. Here, however, these are cast in storm-centered local cylindrical coordinates as a point of reference. The wavenumbers include azimuthally averaged wavenumber 0, principal hurricane-scale asymmetries (wavenumbers 1 and 2, determined from datasets) and other scales. The main questions asked here relate to the role of the individual cloud scales in supplying energy to the scales of the hurricane, thus contributing to its intensity. A principal finding is that cloud scales carry most of their variance, via organized convection, directly on the scales of the hurricane. The generation of available potential energy and the transformation of eddy kinetic energy from the cloud scale are in fact directly passed on to the hurricane scale by the vertical overturning processes on the hurricane scale. Less of the kinetic energy is generated on the scales of individual clouds that are of the order of a few kilometers. The other major components of the energetics are the kinetic-to-kinetic energy exchange and available potential-to-available potential energy exchange among different scales. These occur via triad interaction and were noted to be essentially downscale transfer, that is, a cascading process. It is the balance among these processes that seems to dictate the final intensity. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NOAA, NWS, Trop Predict Ctr, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Krishnamurti, TN (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM tnk@io.met.fsu.edu RI Tallapragada, Vijaya Kumar/A-2421-2008; stefanova, lydia/B-2759-2013 NR 32 TC 39 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 133 IS 7 BP 1886 EP 1912 DI 10.1175/MWR2954.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 949KR UT WOS:000230785700007 ER PT J AU Mohr, PJ Taylor, BN AF Mohr, PJ Taylor, BN TI QED and the fundamental constants SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions CY SEP 06-11, 2004 CL Vilnius, LITHUANIA DE fundamental constants; quantum electrodynamics ID OXYGEN O-16(7+); ELECTRON; FREQUENCY AB A new set of values of the fundamental constants, based on a recent least-squares adjustment, has been recommended by CODATA. An overview of the experiments and theory that influence the values of the new set of constants will be given. Quantum electrodynamic (QED) theory plays a significant role in determining these constants and the consistency of the values obtained from various sources of information provides an important test of the theory. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mohr, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mohr@nist.gov; barry.taylor@nist.gov NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUL PY 2005 VL 235 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.03.135 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 943EF UT WOS:000230334400002 ER PT J AU Takacs, E Radics, B Szabo, CI Biri, S Hudson, LT Imrek, J Juhasz, B Suta, T Valek, A Palinkas, J AF Takacs, E Radics, B Szabo, CI Biri, S Hudson, LT Imrek, J Juhasz, B Suta, T Valek, A Palinkas, J TI Spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy of an ECR plasma - indication for evaporative cooling SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on the Physics of Highly Charged Ions CY SEP 06-11, 2004 CL Vilnius, LITHUANIA DE spectroscopic imaging; ECR plasma; X-ray spectroscopy; evaporative cooling; highly charged ions ID IONS AB We have used an X-ray CCD camera in single photon counting mode and a pinhole to obtain spatially and spectrally resolved images of the plasma of an electron cyclotron resonance ion source. Software based on the CERN ROOT package was developed to process and analyse the data. Comparison of plasma images from trapped xenon to that from a xenon-argon mixture provides evidence for evaporative cooling of the ion cloud in ECR ion sources. This results in more localised and highly charged ion clouds when lighter-mass argon gas is added to a heavy-ion xenon plasma. This observation can have implications on the thermodynamics and charge state balance in astrophysical and other laboratory plasmas. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Debrecen, Expt Phys Dept, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Hungarian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, ATOKMI, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Szabo, CI (reprint author), Univ Debrecen, Expt Phys Dept, Bem Ter 18-A, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. EM szabocs@atomki.hu RI Palinkas, Jozsef/B-2993-2011; OI Radics, Balint/0000-0002-8978-1725 NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JUL PY 2005 VL 235 BP 120 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.03.157 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 943EF UT WOS:000230334400024 ER PT J AU Gerginov, V Tanner, CE Diddams, SA Bartels, A Hollberg, L AF Gerginov, V Tanner, CE Diddams, SA Bartels, A Hollberg, L TI High-resolution spectroscopy with a femtosecond laser frequency comb SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BROAD-BAND CONTINUUM; MODE-LOCKED LASER; OSCILLATOR; PULSES AB The output of a mode-locked femtosecond laser is used for precision single-photon spectroscopy of Cs-133 in an atomic beam. By changing the laser's repetition rate, the cesium D-1 (6s S-2(1/2) -> 6P P-2(1/2)) and D-2 (6s S-2(1/2) -> 6p P-2(3/2)) transitions are detected and the optical frequencies are measured with accuracy similar to that obtained with a cw laser. Control of the femtosecond laser repetition rate by use of the atomic fluorescence is also implemented, thus realizing a simple cesium optical clock. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gerginov, V (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RI Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 12 TC 65 Z9 67 U1 4 U2 19 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 13 BP 1734 EP 1736 DI 10.1364/OL.30.001734 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 941CT UT WOS:000230193000046 PM 16075554 ER PT J AU Yuan, H Mills, K AF Yuan, H Mills, K TI A cross-correlation-based method for spatial-temporal traffic analysis SO PERFORMANCE EVALUATION LA English DT Article DE network traffic; timescale; cross-correlation; spatial-temporal pattern; eigenvalue; eigenvector AB Analyzing spatial-temporal characteristics of traffic in large-scale networks requires both a suitable analysis method and a means to reduce the amount of data that must be collected. Of particular interest would be techniques that reduce the amount of data needed, while simultaneously retaining the ability to monitor spatial-temporal behavior network-wide. In this paper, we propose such a method, motivated by insights about network dynamics at the macroscopic level. We define a weight vector to build up information about the influence of local behavior over the whole network. By taking advantage of increased correlations arising in large networks, this method might require only a few observation points to capture shifting network wide patterns over time. This paper explains the principles underlying our proposed method, and describes the associated analytical process. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tsing Hua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yuan, H (reprint author), Tsing Hua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. EM jyuan@tsinghua.edu.cn; kmills@nist.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-5316 J9 PERFORM EVALUATION JI Perform. Eval. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 61 IS 2-3 BP 163 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.peva.2004.11.003 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 930GN UT WOS:000229403900005 ER PT J AU Hwang, IS Huang, IF Chien, CC AF Hwang, IS Huang, IF Chien, CC TI A novel dynamic fault restoration mechanism using a multiple ring approach in WDM mesh networks SO PHOTONIC NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fault restoration; DMRA; WDM; multiple logical rings; networking segment ID PATH-RESTORATION; OPTICAL NETWORKS; PROTECTION; DESIGN AB This work describes a distributed fault restoration algorithm, called the Dynamic Multiple Ring Algorithm ( DMRA), for application in WDM mesh networks. This study explores the choice of restoration paths and the assignment of fault- tolerant bandwidth when a link, node, or channel failure occurs according to the change in traffic load, number of nodes, and transmission delay including propagation and switching delays. Accordingly, the primary aim of this work is to use networking segments near faults to share the restoration load throughout a mesh network. Each node searches for restoration paths in their near environment using the proposed DMRA. Nodes use distributed control to search for neighboring nodes and to establish the relationship between them to build numerous logical rings. Nodes can also locate faults in the logical rings. These rings establish the restoration paths. The traffic load over failed links or nodes can be diverted to other paths in the networking segments. The cost of the restoration paths is computed at each node based on both the current capacity and the transmission delay. The selected restoration paths are suitable transmission routes in the network neighborhood. Hence, restoration paths can be identified and wavelength assigned quickly according to network bandwidth and traffic load. Simulation results reveal that the proposed method works extremely quickly and has a high success rate. Consequently, it is very useful for applications in real WDM networks, where the status varies from minute to minute. C1 Yuan Ze Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Chungli 32026, Taiwan. Kang Ning Jr Coll Med Care & Management, Dept Informat Management, Taipei 11422, Taiwan. Yuan Ze Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Chungli 32026, Taiwan. RP Huang, IF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ishwang@saturn.yzu.edu.tw; ifhuang@ms21.hinet.net; william@chu.url.com.tw NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1387-974X J9 PHOTONIC NETW COMMUN JI Photonic Netw. Commun. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 10 IS 1 BP 87 EP 105 DI 10.1007/s11107-005-1697-8 PG 19 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Optics; Telecommunications GA 931TT UT WOS:000229509100006 ER PT J AU Verbruggen, H De Clerck, O Kooistra, WHCF Vroom, PS N'Yeurt, ADR Coppejans, E AF Verbruggen, H. De Clerck, O. Kooistra, W. H. C. F. Vroom, P. S. N'Yeurt, A. D. R. Coppejans, E. TI MOLECULAR AND MORPHOMETRIC DATA PINPOINT SPECIES BOUNDARIES IN HALIMEDA SECTION RHIPSALIS SO PHYCOLOGIA LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Verbruggen, H.; De Clerck, O.; Coppejans, E.] Univ Ghent, Phycol Res Grp, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. [Kooistra, W. H. C. F.] Stn Zool Anton Dohrn, I-80121 Naples, Italy. [Vroom, P. S.] NOAA Fisheries & Ecosyst, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [N'Yeurt, A. D. R.] Univ French Polynesia Marine Ecol, Tahiti 98702, Fr Polynesia. EM heroen.verbruggen@ugent.be NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU INT PHYCOLOGICAL SOC PI LAWRENCE PA NEW BUSINESS OFFICE, PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0031-8884 J9 PHYCOLOGIA JI Phycologia PD JUL PY 2005 VL 44 IS 4 SU S MA 253 BP 105 EP 106 PG 2 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA V81JZ UT WOS:000205501500254 ER PT J AU Jentschura, UD Mohr, PJ AF Jentschura, UD Mohr, PJ TI Self-energy values for P states in hydrogen and low-Z hydrogenlike ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LAMB SHIFT; EXCITED-STATES AB We describe a nonperturbative (in Z alpha) numerical evaluation of the one-photon electron self-energy for 3P(1/2), 3P(3/2), 4P(1/2), and 4P(3/2) states in hydrogenlike atomic systems with charge numbers Z=1 to 5. The numerical results are found to be in agreement with known terms in the expansion of the self-energy in powers of Z alpha and lead to improved theoretical predictions for the self-energy shift of these states. C1 Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jentschura, UD (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 AR 014103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.014103 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 950VU UT WOS:000230887300158 ER PT J AU Jentschura, UD Mohr, PJ AF Jentschura, UD Mohr, PJ TI Calculation of hydrogenic Bethe logarithms for Rydberg states SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ORDER BINDING CORRECTIONS; RADIATIVE ENERGY SHIFTS; MODE-LOCKED LASER; LAMB SHIFT; FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; FEMTOSECOND LASER; ATOMS; HELIUM; VALUES AB We describe the calculation of hydrogenic (one-loop) Bethe logarithms for all states with principal quantum numbers n <= 200. While, in principle, the calculation of the Bethe logarithm is a rather easy computational problem involving only the nonrelativistic (Schrodinger) theory of the hydrogen atom, certain calculational difficulties affect highly excited states, and in particular states for which the principal quantum number is much larger than the orbital angular momentum quantum number. Two evaluation methods are contrasted. One of these is based on the calculation of the principal value of a specific integral over a virtual photon energy. The other method relies directly on the spectral representation of the Schrodinger-Coulomb propagator. Selected numerical results are presented. The full set of values is available at arXiv.org/quant-ph/0504002. C1 Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jentschura, UD (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Kernphys, Saupfercheckweg 1, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. NR 51 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 EI 1094-1622 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 AR 012110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.72.012110 PN A-B PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 950VU UT WOS:000230887300023 ER PT J AU Bailey, WE Russek, SE Zhang, XG Butler, WH AF Bailey, WE Russek, SE Zhang, XG Butler, WH TI Experimental separability of channeling giant magnetoresistance in Co/Cu/Co SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SPIN-VALVES; MULTILAYERS; SCATTERING; BULK; TRANSPORT AB The magnitude of the electronic channeling contribution is a significant open issue in the understanding of giant magnetoresistance (GMR). We show that for the technologically important system Co/Cu/Co, channeling GMR can be isolated and quantified experimentally through measurement in the limit of rapid surface diffuse scattering. First-principles based Boltzmann transport calculations are compared with experimental in situ magnetoconductance data, which support the possibility of a significant contribution from channeling. Cyclic control of atomic-scale surface roughness, applied during in situ measurement, will enable a quantitative estimate of the channeling contribution. C1 Columbia Univ, Mat Sci Program, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Met & Ceram, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Bailey, WE (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Mat Sci Program, Dept Appl Phys, 500 W 120th St, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM web54@columbia.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 AR 012409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.012409 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 950WQ UT WOS:000230889800018 ER PT J AU Lewis, MJ Gaulin, BD Filion, L Kallin, C Berlinsky, AJ Dabkowska, HA Qiu, Y Copley, JRD AF Lewis, MJ Gaulin, BD Filion, L Kallin, C Berlinsky, AJ Dabkowska, HA Qiu, Y Copley, JRD TI Ordering and spin waves in NaNiO2: A stacked quantum ferromagnet SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID TRIANGULAR LATTICE LINIO2; ORBITAL FRUSTRATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; X-RAY; FLUCTUATIONS; DEGENERACY; INSULATOR; BEHAVIOR; ORIGIN AB Neutron scattering measurements on powder NaNiO2 reveal magnetic Bragg peaks and spin waves characteristic of strongly correlated s=1/2 magnetic moments arranged in ferromagnetic layers which are stacked antiferromagnetically. This structure lends itself to stacking sequence frustration in the presence of mixing between nickel and alkali metal sites, possibly providing a natural explanation for the enigmatic spin glass state of the isostructural compound, LiNiO2. C1 McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lewis, MJ (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Filion, Laura/E-8929-2011 OI Filion, Laura/0000-0001-9432-9680 NR 26 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 AR 014408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.014408 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 950WQ UT WOS:000230889800096 ER PT J AU Xiao, J Zangwill, A Stiles, MD AF Xiao, J Zangwill, A Stiles, MD TI Macrospin models of spin transfer dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INDUCED MAGNETIZATION REVERSAL; FERROMAGNETIC RELAXATION; POLARIZED CURRENT; CO/CU/CO PILLARS; DRIVEN; MULTILAYERS; EXCITATIONS; TRANSPORT; CURRENTS; TORQUES AB The current-induced magnetization dynamics of a spin valve are studied using a macrospin (single-domain) approximation and numerical solutions of a generalized Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation. For the purpose of quantitative comparison to experiment [S. I. Kiselev, J. C. Sankey, I. N. Krivortov, N. C. Emley, R. J. Schoelkopf, R. A. Buhrman, and D. C. Ralph, Nature 425, 380 (2003)], we calculate the resistance and microwave power as a function of current and external field, including the effects of anisotropies, damping, spin-transfer torque, thermal fluctuations, spin-pumping, and incomplete absorption of transverse spin current. Although many features of experiment appear in the simulations, there are two significant discrepancies: the current dependence of the precession frequency and the presence and/or absence of a microwave quiet magnetic phase with a distinct magnetoresistance signature. Comparison is made to micromagnetic simulations designed to model the same experiment. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RI Xiao, Jiang/B-1832-2008; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Xiao, Jiang/0000-0002-3245-3579; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 83 TC 127 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 AR 014446 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.72.014446 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 950WQ UT WOS:000230889800134 ER PT J AU Granasy, L Pusztai, T Tegze, G Warren, JA Douglas, JF AF Granasy, L Pusztai, T Tegze, G Warren, JA Douglas, JF TI Growth and form of spherulites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PHASE-FIELD MODEL; SICKLE-CELL HEMOGLOBIN; ISOTACTIC POLYPROPYLENE; SUPERCOOLED LIQUIDS; LAMELLAR MORPHOLOGY; EUTECTIC GROWTH; POLYCRYSTALLINE SOLIDIFICATION; CRYSTALLINE MORPHOLOGY; GLASS-TRANSITION; BINARY ALLOY AB Many structural materials (metal alloys, polymers, minerals, etc.) are formed by quenching liquids into crystalline solids. This highly nonequilibrium process often leads to polycrystalline growth patterns that are broadly termed "spherulites" because of their large-scale average spherical shape. Despite the prevalence and practical importance of spherulite formation, only rather qualitative concepts of this phenomenon exist. It is established that phase field methods naturally account for diffusional instabilities that are responsible for dendritic single-crystal growth. However, a generalization of this model is required to describe spherulitic growth patterns, and in the present paper we propose a minimal model of this fundamental crystal growth process. Our calculations indicate that the diversity of spherulitic growth morphologies arises from a competition between the ordering effect of discrete local crystallographic symmetries and the randomization of the local crystallographic orientation that accompanies crystal grain nucleation at the growth front [growth front nucleation (GFN)]. This randomization in the orientation accounts for the isotropy of spherulitic growth at large length scales and long times. In practice, many mechanisms can give rise to GFN, and the present work describes and explores three physically prevalent sources of disorder that lead to this kind of growth. While previous phase field modeling elucidated two of these mechanisms - disorder created by particulate impurities or other static disorder or by the dynamic heterogeneities that spontaneously form in supercooled liquids (even pure ones) - the present paper considers an additional mechanism, crystalline branching induced by a misorientation-dependent grain boundary energy, which can significantly affect spherulite morphology. We find the entire range of observed spherulite morphologies can be reproduced by this generalized phase field model of polycrystalline growth. C1 Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Granasy, L (reprint author), Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, POB 49, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. EM grana@szfki.hu RI Pusztai, Tamas/A-5718-2012; Granasy, Laszlo/A-6221-2012; Warren, James/B-1698-2008 OI Pusztai, Tamas/0000-0002-1281-2933; Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206 NR 89 TC 200 Z9 202 U1 7 U2 97 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 AR 011605 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.011605 PN 1 PG 15 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 950VR UT WOS:000230886900054 PM 16089977 ER PT J AU Huang, GX Deng, L Payne, MG AF Huang, GX Deng, L Payne, MG TI Dynamics of ultraslow optical solitons in a cold three-state atomic system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; NONLINEAR OPTICS; PERTURBATIONS; LIGHT; BRIGHT; FIBERS; GAS AB We present a systematic study on the dynamics of a ultraslow optical soliton in a cold, highly resonant three-state atomic system under Raman excitation. Using a method of multiple scales we derive a modified nonlinear Schrodinger equation with high-order corrections that describe effects of linear and differential absorption, nonlinear dispersion, delay response of nonlinear refractive index, diffraction, and third-order dispersion. Taking these effects as perturbations we investigate in detail the evolution of the ultraslow optical soliton using a standard soliton perturbation theory. We show that due to these high-order corrections the ultraslow optical soliton undergoes deformation, change of propagating velocity, and shift of oscillating frequency. In addition, a small radiation superposed by dispersive waves is also generated from the soliton. The results of the present work may provide a guidance that is useful for experimental demonstration of ultraslow optical soliton in cold atomic systems. C1 NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. RP Huang, GX (reprint author), NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012 NR 33 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 AR 016617 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.016617 PN 2 PG 10 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 950VS UT WOS:000230887100095 PM 16090117 ER PT J AU Mobley, J Waters, KR Miller, JG AF Mobley, J Waters, KR Miller, JG TI Causal determination of acoustic group velocity and frequency derivative of attenuation with finite-bandwidth Kramers-Kronig relations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ULTRASONIC-ATTENUATION; POWER-LAW; DISPERSION; SUSPENSIONS; COEFFICIENT AB Kramers-Kronig (KK) analyses of experimental data are complicated by the extrapolation problem, that is, how the unexamined spectral bands impact KK calculations. This work demonstrates the causal linkages in resonant-type data provided by acoustic KK relations for the group velocity (c(g)) and the derivative of the attenuation coefficient (alpha(')) (components of the derivative of the acoustic complex wave number) without extrapolation or unmeasured parameters. These relations provide stricter tests of causal consistency relative to previously established KK relations for the phase velocity (c(p)) and attenuation coefficient (alpha) (components of the undifferentiated acoustic wave number) due to their shape invariance with respect to subtraction constants. For both the group velocity and attenuation derivative, three forms of the relations are derived. These relations are equivalent for bandwidths covering the entire infinite spectrum, but differ when restricted to bandlimited spectra. Using experimental data from suspensions of elastic spheres in saline, the accuracy of finite-bandwidth KK predictions for c(g) and alpha(') is demonstrated. Of the multiple methods, the most accurate were found to be those whose integrals were expressed only in terms of the phase velocity and attenuation coefficient themselves, requiring no differentiated quantities. C1 USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Lab Ultrason, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Mobley, J (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Computat & Informat Sci Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. FU NHLBI NIH HHS [R37 HL40302, R01 HL72761] NR 12 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUL PY 2005 VL 72 IS 1 AR 016604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.72.016604 PN 2 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 950VS UT WOS:000230887100082 PM 16090104 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Iverson, SJ Boness, DJ AF Noren, SR Iverson, SJ Boness, DJ TI Development of the blood and muscle oxygen stores in gray seals (Halichoerus grypus): Implications for juvenile diving capacity and the necessity of a terrestrial postweaning fast SO PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROBIC DIVE LIMITS; STORAGE CAPACITY; GREY SEALS; MIROUNGA-ANGUSTIROSTRIS; ONDATRA-ZIBETHICUS; VOLUME MEASUREMENT; NITROGEN TENSIONS; SEASONAL-CHANGES; WEDDELL SEALS; HARBOR SEALS AB To successfully transition from nursing to foraging, phocid seal pups must develop adequate diving physiology within the limited time between birth and their first independent foraging trip to sea. We studied the postpartum development of oxygen stores in gray seals (Halichoerus grypus, n = 40) to better understand the ontogeny of diving capacity in phocids. Hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), blood volume (BV), and myoglobin (Mb) levels in newborn (3 d postpartum [DPP]) and newly weaned (DPP) pups were among the lowest 17 +/- 0.4 measured across age classes. During the pups' terrestrial postweaning fast (PWF), Hb, Hct, mass-specific BV, and Mb increased by 28%, 21%, 13%, and 29%, respectively, resulting in a 35% increase in total body mass-specific oxygen stores and a 23% increase in calculated aerobic dive limit (CADL). Although Hb and Hct levels at the end of the PWF were nearly identical to those of yearlings, total body mass-specific oxygen stores and CADL of weaned pups departing for sea were only 66% - 67% and 32% - 62%, respectively, of those for yearlings and adult females. The PWF represents an integral component of the physiological development of diving capacity in phocids; however, newly independent phocids still appear to have limited diving capabilities at the onset of foraging. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Zool Pk, Conservat & Res Ctr, Washington, DC 20008 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. RP Noren, SR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. EM shawn.noren@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 15 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 1522-2152 EI 1537-5293 J9 PHYSIOL BIOCHEM ZOOL JI Physiol. Biochem. Zool. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 78 IS 4 BP 482 EP 490 DI 10.1086/430228 PG 9 WC Physiology; Zoology SC Physiology; Zoology GA 938DE UT WOS:000229979300002 PM 15957103 ER PT J AU Prasanna, MD Vondrasek, J Wlodawer, A Bhat, TN AF Prasanna, MD Vondrasek, J Wlodawer, A Bhat, TN TI Application of InChI to curate, index, and query 3-D structures SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS PROTEASE; DATA-BANK; INFECTIVITY AB The HIV structural database (HIVSDB) is a comprehensive collection of the structures of HIV protease, both of unliganded enzyme and of its inhibitor complexes. It contains abstracts and crystallographic data such as inhibitor and protein coordinates for 248 data sets, of which only 141 are from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Efficient annotation, indexing, and querying of the inhibitor data is crucial for their effective use for technological and industrial applications. The application of IUPAC International Chemical Identifier (InChI) to index, curate, and query inhibitor structures HIVSDB is described. Published 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.* C1 NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Acad Sci Czech Republ, Inst Organ Chem & Biochem, Prague, Czech Republic. NCI, Macromol Crystallog Lab, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. RP Bhat, TN (reprint author), NIST, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bhat@nist.gov RI Vondrasek, JIri/A-4244-2008 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 60 IS 1 BP 1 EP 4 DI 10.1002/prot.20469 PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 930YY UT WOS:000229454200001 PM 15861385 ER PT J AU Phillips, VTJ Andronache, C Sherwood, SC Bansemer, A Conant, WC Demott, PJ Flagan, RC Heymsfield, A Jonsson, H Poellot, M Rissman, TA Seinfeld, JH Vanreken, T Varutbangkul, V Wilson, JC AF Phillips, VTJ Andronache, C Sherwood, SC Bansemer, A Conant, WC Demott, PJ Flagan, RC Heymsfield, A Jonsson, H Poellot, M Rissman, TA Seinfeld, JH Vanreken, T Varutbangkul, V Wilson, JC TI Anvil glaciation in a deep cumulus updraught over Florida simulated with the Explicit Microphysics Model. I: Impact of various nucleation processes SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE aerosol particles; homogeneous aerosol freezing; secondary droplet nucleation ID HOMOGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION; SUPERCOOLED LIQUID WATER; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; WAVE-CLOUDS; CONDENSATION NUCLEI; CIRRUS CLOUDS; NEW-MEXICO; COALESCENCE; EFFICIENCY; TURBULENCE AB Simulations of a cumulonimbus cloud observed in the Cirrus Regional Study of Tropical Anvils and Cirrus Layers-Florida Area Cirrus Experiment (CRYSTAL-FACE) with an advanced version of the Explicit Microphysics Model (EMM) are presented. The EMM has size-resolved aerosols and predicts the time evolution of sizes, bulk densities and axial ratios of ice particles. Observations by multiple aircraft in the troposphere provide inputs to the model, including observations of the ice nuclei and of the entire size distribution of condensation nuclei. Homogeneous droplet freezing is found to be the source of almost all of the ice crystals in the anvil updraught of this particular model cloud. Most of the simulated droplets that freeze to form anvil crystals appear to be nucleated by activation of aerosols far above cloud base in the interior of the cloud ('secondary' or 'in-cloud' droplet nucleation). This is partly because primary droplets formed at cloud base are invariably depleted by accretion before they can reach the anvil base in the updraught, which promotes an increase with height of the average supersaturation in the updraught aloft. More than half of these aerosols, activated far above cloud base, are entrained into the updraught of this model cloud from the lateral environment above about 5 km above mean sea level. This confirms the importance of remote sources of atmospheric aerosol for anvil glaciation. Other nucleation processes impinge indirectly upon the anvil glaciation by modifying the concentration of supercooled droplets in the upper levels of the mixed-phase region. For instance, the warm-rain process produces a massive indirect impact on the anvil crystal concentration, because it determines the mass of precipitation forming in the updraught. It competes with homogeneous freezing as a sink for cloud droplets. The effects from turbulent enhancement of the warm-rain process and from other nucleation processes on the anvil ice properties are assessed. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, AOS, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Boston Coll, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Geol, New Haven, CT USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Ctr Interdisciplinary Remotely Piloted Aircraft S, Monterey, CA USA. Univ N Dakota, Dept Atmospher Sci, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. Univ Denver, Denver, CO USA. RP Phillips, VTJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, AOS, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM Vaughan.Phillips@noaa.gov RI Sherwood, Steven/B-5673-2008; DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011; Andronache, Constantin/C-4431-2011 OI Sherwood, Steven/0000-0001-7420-8216; DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Andronache, Constantin/0000-0001-5375-7056 NR 51 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 131 IS 609 BP 2019 EP 2046 DI 10.1256/qj.04.85 PN A PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 953BR UT WOS:000231051300011 ER PT J AU Holland, GE Boyer, CN Seely, JF Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Gillaspy, JD AF Holland, GE Boyer, CN Seely, JF Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Gillaspy, JD TI Low jitter metal vapor vacuum arc ion source for electron beam ion trap injections SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB We describe a metal vapor vacuum arc (MeVVA) ion source containing eight different cathodes that are individually selectable via the control electronics which does not require moving components in vacuum. Inside the vacuum assembly, the arc plasma is produced by means of a 30 mu s pulse (26 kV,125 A) delivering 2.4 mC of charge to the cathode sample material. The trigger jitter is minimized (< 200 ns) to improve the capture efficiency of the ions which are injected into an ion trap. During a single discharge, the over-damped pulse produces an ion flux of 8.4x10(9) ions/cm(2), measured by an unbiased Faraday cup positioned 20 cm from the extractor grid, at discharge rates up to 5 Hz. The electronic triggering of the discharge is via a fiber optic interface. We present the design, fabrication details, and performance of this MeVVA, recently installed on the National Institute of Standards and Technology electron beam ion trap (EBIT). C1 SFA Inc, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. Praxis Inc, Alexandria, VA 22314 USA. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), SFA Inc, 2200 Defense Highway,Suite 405, Crofton, MD 21114 USA. EM john.seely@nrl.navy.mil NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 76 IS 7 AR 073304 DI 10.1063/1.1948396 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 944NU UT WOS:000230436600012 ER PT J AU Cloud, J AF Cloud, J TI Historical atlases: The first three hundred years, 1570-1870. SO TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE LA English DT Book Review C1 NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. RP Cloud, J (reprint author), NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV PRESS PI BALTIMORE PA JOURNALS PUBLISHING DIVISION, 2715 NORTH CHARLES ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21218-4363 USA SN 0040-165X J9 TECHNOL CULT JI Technol. Cult. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 46 IS 3 BP 646 EP 647 DI 10.1353/tech.2005.0117 PG 2 WC History & Philosophy Of Science SC History & Philosophy of Science GA 961LB UT WOS:000231662800022 ER PT J AU Owings, RR Exarhos, GJ Windisch, CF Holloway, PH Wen, JG AF Owings, RR Exarhos, GJ Windisch, CF Holloway, PH Wen, JG TI Process enhanced polaron conductivity of infrared transparent nickel-cobalt oxide SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE nickel cobalt oxide; electrical properties; optical properties; Polaron conductor; infrared transparent conducting oxide; combinatorial sputtering; Verwey transition ID ELECTRONIC CONDUCTION; TRANSITION POINT; SPINEL FILMS AB The effects of gas composition during combinatorial sputtering of p-type polaron conducting films and the effects of total chamber gas pressure and different target-to-substrate distance show correlated variations in electrical and optical properties. Optimum conductivity from combinatorially deposited films containing equal parts of nickel and cobalt is achieved when sputtered in a gas mixture of 50% argon and 50% oxygen from oxide targets, with the best film conductivity of 375 S cm(-1) achieved using growth conditions that promote complete oxidation. The gas pressure study shows that deposition at relatively low chamber pressures followed by subsequent quenching of heated samples in air leads to enhanced conductivity. Conductivity is enhanced even further at lower chamber pressure deposition due to a higher growth rate and increased adatom mobility during growth due to the larger molecular mean free path. Increased distance of target-to-substrate decreased the film density, increased film porosity and decreased conductivity, but increased optical transparency between 2 and 10 Pin. Post deposition heat treatment improves film conductivity when followed by rapid quenching, but degrades film conductivity when followed by slow cooling in air. Optical transparency degrades as electrical conductivity improves and vice versa. The temperature dependence of conductivity showed that the activation energy of electrical conductivity is lower for films rapidly quenched than for films that are slowly cooled following heat treatment. Rapid cooling of films from 375 degrees C to room temperature is postulated to increase the concentration of defects or induce a disordered charge distribution state that increases the concentration of polarons and lowers the activation energy for electrical conductivity. Slow cooling allows defects to anneal out, resulting in improved transparency across the infrared region but a lower electrical conductivity. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Mat, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Illinois, Ctr Microanal Mat, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Owings, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,MS 818-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM owings@boulder.nist.gov NR 16 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 483 IS 1-2 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.01.011 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 934BK UT WOS:000229681700030 ER PT J AU Oh, S Eckstein, JN AF Oh, S Eckstein, JN TI Infinite-layer (Ca1-xSrxCuO2) film growth by molecular beam epitaxy and effect of hole doping SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE infinite-layer; RHEED; doping; MBE ID THIN-FILMS; SUPERCONDUCTORS AB We have grown infinite-layer (Ca1-xSrxCuO2) epitaxial films using ozone assisted molecular beam epitaxy. In situ reflective high energy electron diffraction analysis shows that two-dimensional defect-free films can be obtained for limited composition (0.15 < x < 0.8) with low temperature seed layer growth scheme. We have also studied various hole doping (oxygenation, vacancy, and Na substitution for Ca) effects on the resistivity of the films. Although we have observed substantial drops in the film resistivity for all three doping schemes, superconductivity is not observed for any of them. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oh, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM soh@boulder.nist.gov NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 483 IS 1-2 BP 301 EP 305 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.01.087 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 934BK UT WOS:000229681700050 ER PT J AU Tsutsumi, N Ueyasu, A Sakai, W Chiang, CK AF Tsutsumi, N Ueyasu, A Sakai, W Chiang, CK TI Crystalline structures and ferroelectric properties of ultrathin films of vinylidene fluoride and trifluoroethylene copolymer SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE ultrathin film of P(VDF-TrFE); ferroelectric switching; remnant polarization; coercive field ID THIN-FILMS; CRITICAL THICKNESS; POLYMER; POLARIZATION; DEPENDENCE; SUBSTRATE; BEHAVIOR; FIELD AB Thin and ultrathin films of copolymer of 83% mole fraction vinylidene fluoride and 17% mole fraction trifluoroethylene were prepared using a spin-coating technique. Atomic force microscopy results showed that spun films formed tiny grains on the surface. A micro-thermal analyzer showed that tiny grains had a ferroelectric Curie transition at 128.8 degrees C and melted at 140.7 degrees C. The crystallinity of the film was measured to be ca. 40% by an X-ray diffraction for the film with thickness above 170 run. Crystallinity decreased quickly with decreasing thickness. The crystallinity was at most 5% for the film with thickness below 75 nm. We found the ferroelectric polarization reversal effect strongly depended on the film thickness. Clear polarization reversal due to a switching of ferroelectric dipoles was observed for the film with thickness above 90 nm and broad ferroelectric reversal was obtained for the film with thickness below 90 nm. For the films with thickness above 100 nm, the remnant polarizations were almost constant and the coercive fields were significantly decreased with decreasing film thickness. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Kyoto Inst Technol, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6068585, Japan. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tsutsumi, N (reprint author), Kyoto Inst Technol, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Kyoto 6068585, Japan. EM tsutsumi@kit.ac.jp NR 16 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD JUL 1 PY 2005 VL 483 IS 1-2 BP 340 EP 345 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2004.12.033 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 934BK UT WOS:000229681700055 ER PT J AU Plant, AL Horowitz, E AF Plant, AL Horowitz, E TI Symposium on metrology and standards for cell signaling: Impact on tissue engineering, National Institute for Standards and Technology, October 14-15, 2003 SO TISSUE ENGINEERING LA English DT Editorial Material AB The Symposium on Metrology and Standards for Cell Signaling: Impact on Tissue Engineering, was cosponsored by the National Institute for Standards and Technology ( NIST) and ASTM International, and was held at the NIST on October 14 and 15, 2003. The purpose of the symposium was to discuss the role of standards and quantitative measurements of cellular responses for the field of tissue engineering. Accurate and quantitative measurements, reference materials, and standards are needed to facilitate the understanding and control of cell responses to materials, culture media, and the in vivo environment. Speakers included government researchers from the NIST, the Food and Drug Administration, and the National Cancer Institute; vice presidents, chief executive officers, and directors of research from companies; and academic researchers in engineering, medicine, and cell biology. The metrology needs identified include quantitative assays of cell signaling pathways, bioinformatics that will allow consolidation of these complex data and permit correlative parameters to be identified, well- characterized standardized cell lines against which responses in other cells can be compared, and reference materials for use in control experiments. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Plant, AL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM APlant@ostp.eop.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1076-3279 J9 TISSUE ENG JI Tissue Eng. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 11 IS 7-8 BP 985 EP 990 DI 10.1089/ten.2005.11.985 PG 6 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering SC Cell Biology GA 965OK UT WOS:000231959800001 PM 16144434 ER PT J AU Briscoe, RJ Adkison, MD Wertheimer, A Taylor, SG AF Briscoe, RJ Adkison, MD Wertheimer, A Taylor, SG TI Biophysical factors associated with the marine survival of Auke Creek, Alaska, coho salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID OREGON PRODUCTION AREA; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PACIFIC-SALMON; PINK SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SELECTIVE PREDATION; OCEAN TEMPERATURE; GORBUSCHA AB Correlation analyses and stepwise regression models were run to examine relationships between the marine survival of Auke Creek coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch and a number of physical and biological covariates: local sea surface temperature, local precipitation, local hatchery releases of pink salmon O. gorbuscha and chum salmon O. keta, regional and state coho and pink salmon catches, and smolt survival of three other regional coho salmon stocks. Auke Creek jack return rates and adult marine survival covaried, indicating that a significant amount of the variation in marine survival is due to conditions encountered in the first 4 to 5 months of marine life. Sea surface temperature was not significantly correlated with adult survival but was significantly associated with jack return rates. Precipitation had no relationship with marine survival. The number of locally released hatchery pink and chum salmon had the strongest correlation with marine survival (r = 0.71). Marine survival trends of coho salmon stocks within 64 km of Auke Creek closely followed Auke Creek marine survival, indicating that the factors affecting the marine survival of coho salmon are similar in localized regions of northern Southeast Alaska. Regional similarities in marine survival with Auke Creek coho salmon also extend to the larger Southeast Alaska region with respect to the analysis of commercial coho salmon catch. The specific mechanisms were not identified, but these results indicate that biological covariates were more associated with Auke Creek coho salmon marine survival than were physical covariates. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Briscoe, RJ (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau Ctr, 11120 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM ryan_briscoe@fishgame.state.ak.us NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 817 EP 828 DI 10.1577/T04-063.1 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700003 ER PT J AU Walsh, HJ Settle, LR Peters, DS AF Walsh, HJ Settle, LR Peters, DS TI Early life history of blueback herring and alewife in the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISHES; SHAD; TEMPERATURE; ABUNDANCE; THREADFIN; PATTERNS; STREAM AB Seasonal distribution, abundance, habitat use, hatch dates, growth, and mortality of larval blueback herring Alosa aestivalis and alewife A. pseudoharengus were studied in the Roanoke River watershed, downstream from the Roanoke Rapids Dam in North Carolina. Ichthyoplankton was sampled from man-made canals, a creek, an oxbow, a flooded bottomland hardwood forest, the main river channel, and along the river's edge. To identify larval clupeids, we developed a dichotomous key for clupeids found in the study area using morphometric, meristic, and pigmentation characters synthesized from the literature. Distribution, abundance, and back-calculated hatch dates of larvae and eggs were used to describe spawning period, spawning habitat, and nursery habitat. Blueback herring and alewife eggs and larvae were present from early April through late May. Based on the presence of eggs and early-stage larvae, both species spawned in backwater tributary systems, including flooded bottomland hardwood forests. Our results indicated that blueback herring and alewives used a variety of habitats during early larval stages, though interspecific differences in concentration among habitats were evident. Blueback herring used both lotic (moving water) and lentic (still water) habitats, and alewives were more abundant in lentic habitats. Larval growth varied between years but not between species. Blueback herring growth rates were 0.60 mm/d in 1996 and 0.42 mm/d in 1997 compared with growth rates of 0.65 mm/d in 1996 and 0.41 mm/d in 1997 for alewives. Interspecific and between-year differences in daily mortality of preflexion blueback herring and alewives (age, 4-8 d) were observed. Blueback herring daily percent mortality in 1996 and 1997 was 99%, while alewife rates decreased from 98% in 1996 to 91% in 1997. Fluctuations in river flow affected habitat use; moderate to high discharge rates increased use of spawning and nursery habitats, and low flows reduced use of spawning habitat. C1 NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Ctr Coastal & Fisheres Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Walsh, HJ (reprint author), NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Ctr Coastal & Fisheres Habitat Res, 1-1 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM harvey.walsh@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 910 EP 926 DI 10.1577/T04-060.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700011 ER PT J AU Davis, MW Schreck, CB AF Davis, MW Schreck, CB TI Responses by pacific halibut to air exposure: Lack of correspondence among plasma constituents and mortality SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLOUNDER PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; DISCARD MORTALITY; SEAWATER TEMPERATURE; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; SEVERE EXERCISE; STRESS REACTION; FRESH-WATER; COHO SALMON; SABLEFISH AB Age-1 and age-2 Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis were exposed to a range of times in air (0-60 min) and air temperatures (10 degrees C or 16 degrees C) that simulated conditions on deck after capture to test for correspondence among responses in plasma constituents and mortality. Pacific halibut mortality generally did not correspond with cortisol, glucose, sodium, and potassium since the maximum observed plasma concentrations were reached after exposure to 30 min in air, while significant mortality occurred only after exposure to 40 min in air for age-1 fish and 60 min in air for age-2 fish. Predicting mortality in discarded Pacific halibut using these plasma constituents does not appear to be feasible. Lactate concentrations corresponded with mortality in age-1 fish exposed to 16 degrees C and may be useful predictors of discard mortality under a limited set of fishing conditions. C1 Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alasak Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Oregon State Univ, US Geol Survey, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Oregon Cooperat Fish & Wildlifev Res Unit, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Davis, MW (reprint author), Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alasak Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM michael.w.davis@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 991 EP 998 DI 10.1577/T04-209.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700017 ER PT J AU Scheuerell, MD AF Scheuerell, MD TI Influence of juvenile size on the age at maturity of individually marked wild Chinook salmon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SNAKE RIVER; ATLANTIC SALMON; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC SALMON; TRAVEL-TIME; SURVIVAL; EVOLUTION; HATCHERY AB The age at maturity for an organism represents a trade-off between survival and reproductive fitness and is controlled by both genetic factors and environmental conditions. In the case of Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., most of our understanding of the importance of various drivers in determining age at maturity has relied on information from cohort analyses using average size and age conditions or from hatchery fish that might not reflect observed patterns in wild fish. 1 used 14 years of adult return data from individually passive integrated transponder (PIT)-tagged wild Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha from the Snake River to examine the influence of juvenile size on subsequent age at maturity. I also included information on the natal watershed as a surrogate for genetic influence. 1 found a significant, positive relationship between juvenile length and the proportion of adult salmon returning at age 4 versus age 5, but the effect of juvenile length varied among the three watersheds. This suggests that local environmental conditions supporting juvenile growth largely control the ultimate age composition for a given brood of this stock of salmon but that genetic differences also exist. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Scheuerell, MD (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mark.scheuerell@noaa.gov RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 134 IS 4 BP 999 EP 1004 DI 10.1577/T04-206.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 944FK UT WOS:000230411700018 ER PT J AU Henriques, IDS Holbrook, RD Kelly, RT Love, NG AF Henriques, IDS Holbrook, RD Kelly, RT Love, NG TI The impact of floc size on respiration inhibition by soluble toxicants - a comparative investigation SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE respiration inhibition; membrane bioreactor; floc size; cadmium; DNP ID ACTIVATED-SLUDGE PROCESS; WASTE-WATER; MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; OXIDATIVE-PHOSPHORYLATION; RESPIROGRAPHIC BIOSENSOR; SUBMERGED MEMBRANES; ORGANIC-MATTER; BATCH CULTURE; GROWTH-YIELD AB Activated sludge facilities are susceptible to upset by shock loads of toxic compounds. We hypothesized that floc size plays an important role in determining the sensitivity of mixed liquor to shock by cadmium and 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP). To test this hypothesis, heterotrophic respiration inhibition experiments were conducted using mixed liquor from a pilot-scale membrane bioreactor (MBR) and full-scale activated sludge (FSAS) facility with gravity settling secondary clarifiers that were operated under similar process conditions. MBR mixed liquor flocs were both 41% smaller and 2 and 1.25 times more sensitive to equivalent soluble cadmium and DNP concentrations, respectively, compared to FSAS mixed liquor floes. Similarly, FSAS mixed liquor that had been sheared (resulting in a smaller average floc diameter) was 1.5 times more sensitive to soluble cadmium than non-sheared FSAS mixed liquor. These results suggest that activated sludge process conditions that create smaller floc particles, such as the use of membranes for liquid-solid separation, are more susceptible to upset events caused by shock loads of cadmium and DNP. The particle size distribution (PSD) and average floc diameter of a mixed liquor suspension should be measured and reported when stating the inhibition concentration of a specific toxicant. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Holbrook, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dave.holbrook@nist.gov RI Love, Nancy/A-8056-2008 NR 42 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD JUL PY 2005 VL 39 IS 12 BP 2559 EP 2568 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2005.04.046 PG 10 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 952CW UT WOS:000230980600011 PM 15972224 ER PT J AU Morris, JA Rulifson, RA Babaluk, JA May, PG Campbell, JL AF Morris, JA Rulifson, RA Babaluk, JA May, PG Campbell, JL TI Use of micro-PIXE to investigate otolith Sr distributions of the anadromous striped bass, Morone saxatilis SO X-RAY SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th PIXE Conference CY JUN 04-08, 2004 CL Portoroz, SLOVENIA ID SALVELINUS-ALPINUS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ARCTIC CHARR; STRONTIUM; MICROCHEMISTRY; PATTERNS; CANADA; SALMON; IDENTIFICATION; CHEMISTRY AB Migration patterns of anadromous Atlantic coast striped bass, Morone saxatilis, have been determined primarily through mark and recapture studies. These studies provide little information about the duration, seasonality and frequency of estuarine and ocean migratory phases of migration, nor have they identified the age at which striped bass first exhibit anadromy. In order to investigate how otolith Sr distributions can contribute to these aspects of fish life histories, otoliths from striped bass of the Roanoke-Albemarle Sound, North Carolina population were analyzed using a scanning proton microprobe (micro-PIXE). The results suggest that micro-PIXE can provide detailed information about migration patterns for this population. Differences in striped bass migration were observed. Two fish exhibited emigration to ocean habitats at 2 years of age. Interestingly, the two movement patterns observed, one resident and one migratory, were related to the three major genotypes (mtDNA) of this population, suggesting that timing and appearance of anadromy might be related to lineage for this species. Additional sampling will be necessary in order to confirm this hypothesis. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. E Carolina Univ, Inst Coastal & Marine Resources, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. N Carolina Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. Univ Guelph, Guelph Waterloo Phys Inst, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Morris, JA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM James.Morris@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0049-8246 J9 X-RAY SPECTROM JI X-Ray Spectrom. PD JUL-AUG PY 2005 VL 34 IS 4 BP 301 EP 305 DI 10.1002/xrs.819 PG 5 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 945KG UT WOS:000230500800008 ER PT J AU Phillips, R Park, L AF Phillips, R Park, L TI Comparative genome mapping of Chinook Salmon, (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and rainbow trout (O-mykiss) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 8th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY NOV 09-15, 2003 CL Univ Chile, Puerto Varas, CHILE SP Fdn Agrarian Innovat, Inst Fisheries Dev HO Univ Chile C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. NWFSC, Conservat Biol Div, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 247 IS 1-4 BP 28 EP 29 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 936PI UT WOS:000229867500079 ER PT J AU Sundin, K Brown, KH Drew, RE Nichols, KM Wheeler, PA Thorgaard, GH AF Sundin, K Brown, KH Drew, RE Nichols, KM Wheeler, PA Thorgaard, GH TI Genetic analysis of a development rate QTL in backcrosses of clonal rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th International Symposium on Genetics in Aquaculture CY NOV 09-15, 2003 CL Univ Chile, Puerto Varas, CHILE SP Fdn Agrarian Innovat, Inst Fisheries Dev HO Univ Chile DE congenic; gynogenesis; rainbow trout; QTL; Oncorhynchus mykiss; mapping ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; MARKER-ASSISTED INTROGRESSION; TOMATO SUGAR CONTENT; LINKAGE MAP; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; LINES; IDENTIFICATION; POLYMORPHISM; CHROMOSOMES; RICHARDSON AB Backcrosses of clonal rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, were used in an effort for fine-mapping of a quantitative trait locus (QTL) for rapid embryonic development rate (tth-1). A previously identified QTL was backcrossed for two successive generations from the Clearwater (fast developing) line into the Oregon State University (OSU) (slow developing) background. Microsatellites tightly linked to the QTL and each other were used to genotype individuals in both backcrosses. An association was found between the microsatellites and gamete production in the first backcross and precocious gamete production in the second backcross generation. These results suggest that a region near the QTL-linked microsatellites may influence early sexual maturity, as well as development rate. Two gynogenetic families were produced using individuals from the first backcross (BC1). These crosses were screened with the tth-1 linked microsatellites and time to hatch was quantified. The Clearwater genotype was associated with early time to hatch, while the OSU genotype was associated with late hatching. Genotypic variation at these microsatellite loci explained 28% and 26% of the variation in time to hatch. Heterozygote frequencies for the microsatellites in the two gynogenetic families were 0.0088 and 0.01, suggesting that the QTL is near the centromere. Fine-mapping was limited due to the low level of recombination observed on this linkage group in the gynogenetic families. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Thorgaard, GH (reprint author), Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. EM thorgiab@wsu.edu RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 41 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 247 IS 1-4 BP 75 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.02.054 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 936PI UT WOS:000229867500099 ER PT J AU Fiore, AM Horowitz, LW Purves, DW Levy, H Evans, MJ Wang, YX Li, QB Yantosca, RM AF Fiore, AM Horowitz, LW Purves, DW Levy, H Evans, MJ Wang, YX Li, QB Yantosca, RM TI Evaluating the contribution of changes in isoprene emissions to surface ozone trends over the eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; AIR-QUALITY; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; GLOBAL SIMULATION; REACTIVE NITROGEN; RURAL OZONE; MODEL; HYDROCARBONS; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY AB Reducing surface ozone ( O-3) to concentrations in compliance with the national air quality standard has proven to be challenging, despite tighter controls on O-3 precursor emissions over the past few decades. New evidence indicates that isoprene emissions changed considerably from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s owing to land-use changes in the eastern United States ( Purves et al., 2004). Over this period, U. S. anthropogenic VOC ( AVOC) emissions decreased substantially. Here we apply two chemical transport models ( GEOS- CHEM and MOZART-2) to test the hypothesis, put forth by Purves et al. ( 2004), that the absence of decreasing O-3 trends over much of the eastern United States may reflect a balance between increases in isoprene emissions and decreases in AVOC emissions. We find little evidence for this hypothesis; over most of the domain, mean July afternoon ( 1300 - 1700 local time) surface O-3 is more responsive ( ranging from - 9 to + 7 ppbv) to the reported changes in anthropogenic NOx emissions than to the concurrent isoprene ( - 2 to + 2 ppbv) or AVOC ( - 2 to 0 ppbv) emission changes. The estimated magnitude of the O-3 response to anthropogenic NOx emission changes, however, depends on the base isoprene emission inventory used in the model. The combined effect of the reported changes in eastern U. S. anthropogenic plus biogenic emissions is insufficient to explain observed changes in mean July afternoon surface O-3 concentrations, suggesting a possible role for decadal changes in meteorology, hemispheric background O-3, or subgrid-scale chemistry. We demonstrate that two major uncertainties, the base isoprene emission inventory and the fate of isoprene nitrates ( which influence surface O-3 in the model by - 15 to + 4 and + 4 to + 12 ppbv, respectively), preclude a well-constrained quantification of the present-day contribution of biogenic or anthropogenic emissions to surface O-3 concentrations, particularly in the high-isoprene-emitting southeastern United States. Better constraints on isoprene emissions and chemistry are needed to quantitatively address the role of isoprene in eastern U. S. air quality. C1 NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Fiore, AM (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. EM arlene.fiore@noaa.gov; larry.horowitz@noaa.gov; dpurves@princeton.edu; hiram.levy@noaa.gov; mat@env.leeds.ac.uk; yxw@io.harvard.edu; qinbin.li@jpl.nasa.gov; bmy@io.harvard.edu RI Evans, Mathew/A-3886-2012; Wang, Yuxuan/C-6902-2014; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Yantosca, Robert/F-7920-2014; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014 OI Evans, Mathew/0000-0003-4775-032X; Wang, Yuxuan/0000-0002-1649-6974; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Yantosca, Robert/0000-0003-3781-1870; NR 61 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D12 AR D12303 DI 10.1029/2004JD005485 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 945DH UT WOS:000230481500002 ER PT J AU Mambo, E Chatterjee, A de Souza-Pinto, NC Mayard, S Hogue, BA Joque, MO Dizdaroglu, M Bohr, VA Sidransky, D AF Mambo, E Chatterjee, A de Souza-Pinto, NC Mayard, S Hogue, BA Joque, MO Dizdaroglu, M Bohr, VA Sidransky, D TI Oxidized guanine lesions and hOgg1 activity in lung cancer SO ONCOGENE LA English DT Article DE hOGG1; lung cancer; 8-oxoG; mitochondria; DNA repair ID OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; TRANSCRIPTION-COUPLED REPAIR; BASE EXCISION-REPAIR; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MAMMALIAN-CELLS; NUCLEAR-DNA; P53 GENE; OGG1; MITOCHONDRIAL; 8-OXOGUANINE AB In humans, the oxidatively induced DNA lesion 8-hydroxyguanine (8-oxoG) is removed from DNA by hOgg1, a DNA glycosylase/AP lyase that specifically incises 8-oxoG opposite cytosine. We analysed the expression of hOGG1 mRNA in 18 lung cancer and three normal cell lines. Although hOGG1 was overexpressed in most cell lines, 2/18 (11.1%) showed a lower hOGG1 mRNA and protein expression (similar to 80% decrease) relative to normal cell lines. Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis showed increased levels of 8-oxoG in the two cell lines with the lowest hOGG1 mRNA expression. We examined the ability of nuclear and mitochondrial extracts to incise 8-oxoG lesion in cell lines H1650 and H226 expressing lower hOGG1 mRNA and H1915 and H1975 with higher than normal hOGG1 mRNA expression. Both nuclear and mitochondrial extracts from H1915 and H1975 cells were proficient in 8-oxoG removal. However, both cell lines with the lowest hOGG1 mRNA expression exhibited a severe reduction in 8-oxoG incision in both nuclear and mitochondrial extracts. Under-expression of hOGG1 mRNA and hOgg1 protein was associated with a decrease in mitochondrial DNA repair in response to oxidative damaging agents. These results provide evidence for defective incision of 8-oxoG in both nuclear and mitochondria of H1650 and H226 lung cancer cell lines. These results may implicate 8-oxoG repair defects in certain lung cancers. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Head & Neck Canc Res Div, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NIA, Lab Mol Gerontol, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sidransky, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Head & Neck Canc Res Div, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, 720 Rutland Ave,818 Ross Res Bldg, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM dsidrans@jhmi.edu RI Souza-Pinto, Nadja/C-3462-2013 OI Souza-Pinto, Nadja/0000-0003-4206-964X FU NCI NIH HHS [5P50CA096784-03, 5 U01 CA084986-04] NR 51 TC 52 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0950-9232 J9 ONCOGENE JI Oncogene PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 24 IS 28 BP 4496 EP 4508 DI 10.1038/sj.onc.1208669 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Oncology; Cell Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 940PT UT WOS:000230157100003 PM 15856018 ER PT J AU Small, C Pozzi, F Elvidge, CD AF Small, C Pozzi, F Elvidge, CD TI Spatial analysis of global urban extent from DMSP-OLS night lights SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE spatial analysis; global urban land cover; DMSP-OLS night lights; landsat ID ENERGY-UTILIZATION PATTERNS; SATELLITE IMAGERY; HUMAN-POPULATION; REFLECTANCE; AREA AB Previous studies of DMSP-OLS stable night lights have shown encouraging agreement between temporally stable lighted areas and various definitions of urban extent. However, these studies have also highlighted an inconsistent relationship between the actual lighted area and the boundaries of the urban areas considered. Applying detection frequency thresholds can reduce the spatial overextent of lighted area ("blooming") but thresholding also attenuates large numbers of smaller lights and significantly reduces the information content of the night lights datasets. Spatial analysis of the widely used 1994/1995 stable lights data and the newly released 1992/1993 and 2000 stable lights datasets quantifies the tradeoff between blooming and attenuation of smaller lights. For the 1992/1993 and 2000 datasets, a 14% detection threshold significantly reduces blooming around large settlements without attenuating many individual small settlements. The corresponding threshold for the 1994/1995 dataset is 10%. The size-frequency distributions of each dataset retain consistent shapes for increasing thresholds while the size-area distributions suggest a quasi-uniform distribution of lighted area with individual settlement size between 10 and 1000 kin equivalent diameter. Conurbations larger than 80 kin diameter account for < 1% of all settlements observed but account for about half the total lighted area worldwide. Area/perimeter distributions indicate that conurbations become increasingly dendritic as they grow larger. Comparison of lighted area with built area estimates from Landsat imagery of 17 cities shows that lighted areas are consistently larger than even maximum estimates of built areas for almost all cities in every light dataset. Thresholds > 90% can often reconcile lighted area with built area in the 1994/1995 dataset but there is not one threshold that works for a majority of the 17 cities considered. Even 100% thresholds significantly overestimate built area for the 1992/1993 and 2000 datasets. Comparison of lighted area with blooming extent for 10 lighted islands suggests a linear proportionality of 1.25 of lighted to built diameter and an additive bias of 2.7 kill. While more extensive analyses are needed, a linear relationship would be consistent with a physical model for atmospheric scattering combined with a random geolocation error. A Gaussian detection probability model is consistent with an observed sigmoid decrease of detection frequency for settlements < 10 km diameter. Taken together, these observations could provide the basis for a scale-dependent blooming correction procedure that simultaneously reduces geolocation error and scattering induced blooming. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Columbia Univ, CIESIN, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Small, C (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM small@LDEO.columbia.edu RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 NR 19 TC 166 Z9 185 U1 7 U2 71 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD JUN 30 PY 2005 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 277 EP 291 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2005.02.002 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 948NG UT WOS:000230722000001 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DE Matarese, AC AF Stevenson, DE Matarese, AC TI The ronquils: a review of the North Pacific fish family Bathymasteridae (Actinopterygii : Perciformes : Zoarcoidei) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID JAPAN AB The fish family Bathymasteridae, commonly known as ronquils, is reviewed based on an examination of nearly 500 adult and larval specimens. An identification key based on adults is provided. Information on adult morphology, including a detailed description of the cephalic lateralis system for all members of the family, is included as well as information on the early life history stages of each genus. The family Bathymasteridae is distinguished within the suborder Zoarcoidei by the presence of ctenoid scales; well-developed pelvic bones and pelvic fins; numerous vomerine, palatine, and dentary teeth; and several internal osteological features. The Bathymasteridae includes seven species classified in the genera Ronquilus, Rathbunella, and Bathymaster, and is broadly distributed in the North Pacific, from Baja California to the Sea of Japan. The monotypic genus Ronquilus is found from southern California to the Gulf of Alaska. Rathbunella contains two species restricted to the coasts of California and Baja California. Bathymaster is the most diverse and broadly distributed genus, containing four species ranging from British Columbia around the Pacific Rim to the northern Sea of Japan. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stevenson, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM duane.stevenson@noaa.gov; ann.matarese@noaa.gov NR 64 TC 1 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUN 29 PY 2005 VL 118 IS 2 BP 367 EP 406 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2005)118[367:TRAROT]2.0.CO;2 PG 40 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 941OF UT WOS:000230223400013 ER PT J AU Aschliman, NC Tibbetts, IR Collette, BB AF Aschliman, NC Tibbetts, IR Collette, BB TI Relationships of sauries and needlefishes (Teleostei : Scomberesocoidea) to the internally fertilizing halfbeaks (Zenarchopteridae) based on the pharyngeal jaw apparatus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Article ID BELONIFORM FISHES; SYSTEMATICS; HEMIRAMPHIDAE AB The 40 life history, myological, and osteological characters that Tibbetts (1992) used in his study of the hemiramphids are evaluated for both saury genera (Cololabis and Scomberesox) to determine if the Scomberesocidae are more closely related to the Zenarchopteridae, to the needlefishes (Belonidae), or to the halfbeaks (Hemiramphidae) and flyingfishes (Exocoetidae). Data were analyzed using PAUP*, and eight equally parsimonious trees were found (70 steps, CI 0.814, RI 0.938). This analysis indicates that sauries are most closely related to needlefishes, supporting the historical concept of the superfamily Scomberesocoidea as a monophyletic assemblage. A caudal displacement of the origin of the retractor dorsalis muscle is a tentative additional synapomorphy for all four saury species. Zenarchopteridae is strongly supported as a valid family sister to the Scomberesocoidea (decay index = 19, bootstrap = 100). Resolution of the internal structure of the Belonidae and the Hemiramphidae requires the identification of additional characters and examination of a greater number of taxa. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Collette, BB (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Biol, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. EM neil@iceandshadows.com; i.tibbetts@uq.edu.au; collettb@si.edu RI Tibbetts, Ian/K-6191-2013 OI Tibbetts, Ian/0000-0002-1481-238X NR 32 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 11 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD JUN 29 PY 2005 VL 118 IS 2 BP 416 EP 427 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2005)118[416:ROSANT]2.0.CO;2 PG 12 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 941OF UT WOS:000230223400015 ER PT J AU Quraishi, Q Cundiff, ST Ilan, B Ablowitz, MJ AF Quraishi, Q Cundiff, ST Ilan, B Ablowitz, MJ TI Dynamics of nonlinear and dispersion managed solitons SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODE-LOCKING; TRANSMISSION; FIBERS; PULSE; LASER AB The relation between the fundamental parameters of energy and temporal duration of ultrashort pulses, under the condition of varying the average dispersion, are demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally in a solid-state femtosecond mode-locked laser. An asymptotic theory for nonlinear and dispersion managed solitons agrees well with the experimental data and demonstrates that the dominant factor in the pulse dynamics arises from the equilibrium established between the nonlinear Kerr effect and linear dispersion. C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Appl Math, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Quraishi, Q (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM quraishi@colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 18 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 24 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 24 AR 243904 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.243904 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 939SF UT WOS:000230092000024 ER PT J AU Taatjes, CA Hansen, N McIlroy, A Miller, JA Senosiain, JP Klippenstein, SJ Qi, F Sheng, LS Zhang, YW Cool, TA Wang, J Westmoreland, PR Law, ME Kasper, T Kohse-Hoinghaus, K AF Taatjes, CA Hansen, N McIlroy, A Miller, JA Senosiain, JP Klippenstein, SJ Qi, F Sheng, LS Zhang, YW Cool, TA Wang, J Westmoreland, PR Law, ME Kasper, T Kohse-Hoinghaus, K TI Enols are common intermediates in hydrocarbon oxidation SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID OXIDE FUEL-CELL; VINYL ALCOHOL; COMBUSTION; ISOMERS; ETHANOL; FLAME; ACETALDEHYDE; EMISSIONS; KINETICS; SYSTEMS AB Models for chemical mechanisms of hydrocarbon oxidation rely on spectrometric identification of molecular structures in flames. Carbonyl (keto) compounds are well-established combustion intermediates. However, their less-stable enol tautomers, bearing OH groups adjacent to carbon-carbon double bonds, are not included in standard models. We observed substantial quantities of two-, three-, and four-carbon enols by photoionization mass spectrometry of flames burning representative compounds from modern fuel blends. Concentration profiles demonstrate that enol flame chemistry cannot be accounted for purely by keto-enol tautomerization. Currently accepted hydrocarbon oxidation mechanisms will likely require revision to explain the formation and reactivity, of these unexpected compounds. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Sci & Technol China, Natl Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Univ Bielefeld, D-33615 Bielefeld, Germany. RP Taatjes, CA (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Combust Res Facil, Mail Stop 9055, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM cataatj@sandia.gov RI Kohse-Hoinghaus, Katharina/A-3867-2012; Hansen, Nils/G-3572-2012; Qi, Fei/A-3722-2012; Kasper, Tina/A-2975-2017 OI Kasper, Tina/0000-0003-3993-5316 NR 27 TC 210 Z9 225 U1 12 U2 127 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 24 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5730 BP 1887 EP 1889 DI 10.1126/science.1112532 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 940BZ UT WOS:000230120000033 PM 15890844 ER PT J AU Gregory, JM Dixon, KW Stouffer, RJ Weaver, AJ Driesschaert, E Eby, M Fichefet, T Hasumi, H Hu, A Jungclaus, JH Kamenkovich, IV Levermann, A Montoya, M Murakami, S Nawrath, S Oka, A Sokolov, AP Thorpe, RB AF Gregory, JM Dixon, KW Stouffer, RJ Weaver, AJ Driesschaert, E Eby, M Fichefet, T Hasumi, H Hu, A Jungclaus, JH Kamenkovich, IV Levermann, A Montoya, M Murakami, S Nawrath, S Oka, A Sokolov, AP Thorpe, RB TI A model intercomparison of changes in the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in response to increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE AB [ 1] As part of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, integrations with a common design have been undertaken with eleven different climate models to compare the response of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation ( THC) to time-dependent climate change caused by increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration. Over 140 years, during which the CO2 concentration quadruples, the circulation strength declines gradually in all models, by between 10 and 50%. No model shows a rapid or complete collapse, despite the fairly rapid increase and high final concentration of CO2. The models having the strongest overturning in the control climate tend to show the largest THC reductions. In all models, the THC weakening is caused more by changes in surface heat flux than by changes in surface water flux. No model shows a cooling anywhere, because the greenhouse warming is dominant. C1 Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Global Atmospher Modelling, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. Met Off Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Catholic Univ Louvain, Inst Astron & Geophys Georges Lemaitre, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Tokyo, Japan. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Potsdam Inst Climate Impact Res, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Ciencias Fis, Dept Astrofis & Ciencias Atmosfera, Madrid, Spain. Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA USA. RP Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Ctr Global Atmospher Modelling, Earley Gate,POB 243, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM j.m.gregory@reading.ac.uk RI Weaver, Andrew/E-7590-2011; Eby, Michael/H-5278-2013; Hu, Aixue/E-1063-2013; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015; Levermann, Anders/G-4666-2011; Gregory, Jonathan/J-2939-2016 OI Hu, Aixue/0000-0002-1337-287X; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X; Levermann, Anders/0000-0003-4432-4704; Gregory, Jonathan/0000-0003-1296-8644 NR 10 TC 286 Z9 288 U1 6 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 23 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 AR L12703 DI 10.1029/2005GL023209 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 940TZ UT WOS:000230169700008 ER PT J AU Rixen, M Beckers, JM Levitus, S Antonov, J Boyer, T Maillard, C Fichaut, M Balopoulos, E Iona, S Dooley, H Garcia, MJ Manca, B Giorgetti, A Manzella, G Mikhailov, N Pinardi, N Zavatarelli, M AF Rixen, M Beckers, JM Levitus, S Antonov, J Boyer, T Maillard, C Fichaut, M Balopoulos, E Iona, S Dooley, H Garcia, MJ Manca, B Giorgetti, A Manzella, G Mikhailov, N Pinardi, N Zavatarelli, M TI The Western Mediterranean Deep Water: A proxy for climate change SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; SEA-LEVEL; CIRCULATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; OCEAN; INTERMEDIATE; INCREASES; SALINITY AB [ 1] Reconstructions of Mediterranean ocean temperature fields back to 1950 show a proxy relationship between heat content changes in the North Atlantic and the Western Mediterranean Deep Water ( WMDW) formed in the Gulf of Lions in winter, because of consistent air-sea heat fluxes over these areas, strongly correlated to the North Atlantic Oscillation ( NAO). C1 NURC, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. Univ Liege, Inst Phys, MARE GHER, B-4000 Liege, Belgium. NOAA, NODC, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. IFREMER, Ctr Brest, SISMER, F-29280 Plouzane, France. Aghios Kosmas hellinikon, HNODC, NCMR, Athens 16604, Greece. ICES, DK-1261 Copenhagen, Denmark. IEO, Madrid 28002, Spain. OGS, I-34010 Sgonico, Italy. ENEA, CRAM, I-19100 La Spezia, Italy. RIHMI WDC, Obninsk 249020, Kaluga Region, Russia. Univ Bologna, Dept Phys, Alma Mater Studiorum, I-40127 Bologna, Italy. RP Rixen, M (reprint author), NURC, Viale San Bartolomeo 400, I-19138 La Spezia, Italy. EM rixen@nurc.nato.int RI Iona, Athanasia/M-8966-2016; OI Iona, Athanasia/0000-0001-6878-4671; Fichaut, Michele/0000-0001-5900-6149; Pinardi, Nadia/0000-0003-4765-0775 NR 30 TC 152 Z9 152 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 23 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 AR L12608 DI 10.1029/2005GL022702 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 940TZ UT WOS:000230169700004 ER PT J AU Matheu, DM Grenda, JM AF Matheu, DM Grenda, JM TI A systematically generated, pressure-dependent mechanism for high-conversion ethane pyrolysis. 1. Pathways to the minor products SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; METHANE PYROLYSIS; THERMAL-CRACKING; PREMIXED FLAMES; KINETIC-MODELS; SOOT FORMATION; CHEMISTRY; ETHYLENE; RECOMBINATION; PROPARGYL AB The deposition of carbon during hydrocarbon pyrolysis is part of many industrial processes. The rate and nature of deposition depend, in part, on the gas-phase chemistry of the minor pyrolysis products, which serve as deposition precursors. But the specific reaction pathways governing the formation and destruction of these minor gas-phase products are only partially known. We apply an updated version of our automated mechanism generation tool XMG-PDep to the high-conversion, pyrocarbon-depositing ethane pyrolysis system of Glasier and Pacey, to systematically uncover the likely reaction pathways governing the observed minor products acetylene, propylene, 1,3-butadiene, and benzene. Thorough examination by means of sensitivity, equilibrium, and reaction-pathway analyses reveals an extremely complex, intertwined set of reaction pathways controlling these deposition precursors, some of which are not often considered in the wider pyrolysis literature. Large, aggregated sets of disproportionation reactions, for example, appear to play an important role in the formation of benzene. The analyses motivate a companion paper (following paper in this issue) which explores in greater depth the effects of large groups of radical disproportionation reactions, omitted reaction families, and the possibility that pressure changes in the reactor could alter the distribution of the deposition precursors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP Matheu, DM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dmatheu@cabot-corp.com NR 51 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 23 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 24 BP 5332 EP 5342 DI 10.1021/jp0451804 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 936PC UT WOS:000229866900012 PM 16839057 ER PT J AU Matheu, DM Grenda, JM AF Matheu, DM Grenda, JM TI A systematically generated, pressure-dependent mechanism for high-conversion ethane pyrolysis. 2. Radical disproportionations, missing reaction families, and the consequences of pressure dependence SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID EVALUATED KINETIC DATA; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; FLOW REACTOR; OXIDATION; ETHYLENE; METHANE; FLAMES; SOOT AB A previous, companion paper of this work (preceding paper in this issue) systematically developed a pressure-dependent reaction mechanism for the high-conversion pyrolysis of ethane,1 as studied experimentally by Glasier and Pacey.(2) By combining conventional equilibrium, sensitivity, and reaction pathway analyses, that study identified a complex set of reaction pathways governing the formation and destruction of the important minor products acetylene, propylene, 1,3-butadiene, and benzene, which are pyrocarbon deposition precursors. To more confidently understand, and potentially manipulate, the complex chemistry governing deposition precursors, this work examines in more detail (1) the role of large sets of radical disproportionation reactions in forming the minor products, (2) the consequence of ignoring certain reactions during mechanism construction, (3) the appropriateness of the plug flow assumption used to model the reactor, and (4) the importance of reaction pressure dependence to the predictions of the minor product concentrations. We find that the predicted benzene concentration is sensitive to the presence of a specific, large collection of radical disproportionation reactions, typically neglected in most modeling efforts and of consequence only in the aggregate. Reaction families allowing Diels-Alder reaction, ene reaction, and triplet ethylene formation are safely ignored during model construction for the experimental conditions, but two specific reactions proposed in the literature, which rapidly convert fulvene to benzene, potentially explain the underprediction of benzene by the generated model. However, the rates proposed for these reactions are either unrealistically fast, or unconfirmed. We find the plug flow assumption reasonable in most respects, but its neglect of H-atom diffusion could explain the mechanism's systematic underprediction of hydrogen concentration at longer residence times. Finally, we demonstrate that accurate predictions of the minor product predictions appear to require the systematic treatment of pressure dependence employed by our mechanism generation algorithm. Changing the pressure in the experimental reactor alters the distribution of the minor products, or deposition precursors, through changes in the pressure-dependent reaction rates involved in their formation. We close with suggestions for the future development of automated mechanism generation tools, based on the current results. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. ExxonMobil Res & Engn Co, Annandale, NJ 08801 USA. RP Matheu, DM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dmatheu@cabot-corp.com NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JUN 23 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 24 BP 5343 EP 5351 DI 10.1021/jp0451647 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 936PC UT WOS:000229866900013 PM 16839058 ER PT J AU Zhang, GF Yu, TY Doviak, RJ AF Zhang, GF Yu, TY Doviak, RJ TI Angular and range interferometry to refine weather radar resolution SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID WIND; ANTENNA AB [ 1] A weather radar's resolution volume is generally determined by beam and pulse widths. Recently, a single-antenna interferometric technique was developed to measure cross-beam and radial wind using angular and range interferometry. Here it is shown that the interferometry technique can refine radar resolution. The technique for resolution refinement is based on the fact that the cross-correlation function of signals from two resolution volumes is contributed only by scatterers in the shared volume. Therefore all the radar measureables derived from cross-correlation estimates have a resolution of the shared volume size rather than a radar resolution volume size. The performance of the technique depends on the shape of beam/range- weighting functions and relative sample error. A sharp change at the edges of the weighting function and low sidelobes are important for resolution refinement using weather radar interferometry. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Res Applicat Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73019 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Zhang, GF (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM guzhang@ucar.edu RI Zhang, Guifu/M-3178-2014 OI Zhang, Guifu/0000-0002-0261-2815 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 EI 1944-799X J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUN 22 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 AR RS3013 DI 10.1029/2004RS003125 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 940UR UT WOS:000230171700001 ER PT J AU Youm, SG Paeng, K Choi, YW Park, S Sohn, D Seo, YS Satija, SK Kim, BG Kim, S Park, SY AF Youm, SG Paeng, K Choi, YW Park, S Sohn, D Seo, YS Satija, SK Kim, BG Kim, S Park, SY TI Supramolecular ordering of tripod dyes at the air/water interface SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; LIQUID-CRYSTALS; MONOLAYERS; NANOTUBES AB Monolayers of 2-(3,4,5-(trisdodecyloxyl)phenyl)[1,3,4]oxadiazole based "tripod" dye, P2G, has been studied at the air/water interface with in situ X-ray reflectivity. Compression of the disordered Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer film induces a transition to a unique ordered phase, representing a supramolecular assembly with a unique spatial distribution and orientation of the molecules. At low pressure, the molecules having face-on orientation are interdigitated by the three arms. After first transition in the pi-A isotherm, the molecular conformation is turned into an edge-on orientation, where the molecules are self-assembled into supramolecular structures. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 133791, South Korea. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Seoul, South Korea. RP Sohn, D (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 133791, South Korea. RI Park, Soo Young/G-1080-2012 OI Park, Soo Young/0000-0002-2272-8524 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 21 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 13 BP 5647 EP 5650 DI 10.1021/la049767c PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 936WO UT WOS:000229886300001 PM 15952800 ER PT J AU Lettow, JS Lancaster, TM Glinka, CJ Ying, JY AF Lettow, JS Lancaster, TM Glinka, CJ Ying, JY TI Small-angle neutron scattering and theoretical investigation of poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide) stabilized oil-in-water microemulsions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER MICELLES; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; MESOPOROUS SILICA; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SOLUBILIZATION; TRANSITION; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB The aim of this study is to determine the effects of oil solutes and alcohol cosolvents on the structure of oil-in-water microemulsions stabilized by poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) -poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO-PPO-PEO) triblock copolymers. The systems investigated involved the solubilization of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene or 1,2-dichlorobenzene by P123 (EO20-PO70-EO20) pluronic surfactant micelles in water and water + ethanol solvents. The structures of these swollen micelles were determined by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). A thermodynamic model was employed to interpret the characterization data. The results of the thermodynamic model for micellization. agreed well with the SANS data from samples of micelles swollen by both oils. The model predicted the size of the micelles within 5% accuracy using only one fitting parameter, the micelle polydispersity. Ethanol had significantly different effects on the polymer micelles that contained solubilized oil compared to pure polymer micelles. For pure polymer micelles, the addition of ethanol increased the solubility of the polymer and, therefore, decreased the total volume fraction of micelles, while for polymer-oil aggregates, ethanol tended to have a positive effect on the volume fraction of micelles. SANS results showed that the greatest divergence from pure aqueous solvent results occurred at oil concentrations above the microemulsion stability limit. C1 MIT, Dept Chem Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Cold Neutron Res Facil, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Inst Bioengn & Nanotechnol, Singapore 138669, Singapore. RP MIT, Dept Chem Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Ying, Jackie/A-8402-2012 OI Ying, Jackie/0000-0001-6938-2113 NR 31 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 4 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 21 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 13 BP 5738 EP 5746 DI 10.1021/la046918b PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 936WO UT WOS:000229886300018 PM 15952817 ER PT J AU Krapchetov, DA Ma, H Jen, AKY Fischer, DA Loo, YL AF Krapchetov, DA Ma, H Jen, AKY Fischer, DA Loo, YL TI Solvent-dependent assembly of terphenyl- and quaterphenyldithiol on gold and gallium arsenide SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; UNIMOLECULAR ELECTRONIC DEVICES; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT MONOLAYERS; STRUCTURAL PHASE-TRANSITION; X-RAY; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; ELECTRICAL CONTACTS; STRUCTURE SPECTROSCOPY; STRUCTURE SPECTRA AB The assembly of terphenyldithiol (TPDT) and quaterphenyldithiol (QPDT) on gold and gallium arsenide from ethanol (EtOH), tetrahydrofuran (THF), and solutions consisting of both solvents has been characterized by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. The surface coverage and the average orientation of both TPDT and QPDT on gold are solvent-independent. These molecules readily form monolayers on gold with an ensemble-average backbone tilt of 30 degrees +/- 3 degrees from the substrate normal. In sharp contrast, the assembly of TPDT and QPDT on gallium arsenide is extremely solvent-sensitive. At high ethanol fractions, both molecules form monolayers with an ensemble-average orientation that is indistinguishable from those on gold substrates. At low ethanol fractions and in pure THF, however, these molecules are disordered on gallium arsenide and the surface coverage is poor. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Texas, Ctr Nano & Mol Sci & Technol, Austin, TX 78712 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Univ Texas, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM lloo@che.utexas.edu RI Loo, Yueh-Lin/C-6607-2011; Jen, Alex/E-5957-2012 NR 72 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 21 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 13 BP 5887 EP 5893 DI 10.1021/la0503000 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 936WO UT WOS:000229886300039 PM 15952838 ER PT J AU Rajakumar, B Burkholder, JB Portmann, RW Ravishankara, AR AF Rajakumar, B Burkholder, JB Portmann, RW Ravishankara, AR TI Rate coefficients, for the OH+CFH(2)CH(2)OHreaction between 238 and 355 K SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HYDROGEN-ATOM ABSTRACTION; REACTION-RATE CONSTANTS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; OH; ABSORPTION; CF3CH2OH; ALCOHOLS; KINETICS AB The rate coefficient for the reaction OH + CFH2CH2OH -> products (k(1)) between 238 and 355 K was measured using the pulsed laser photolysis-laser induced fluorescence (PLP-LIF) technique to be (5.15 +/- 0.88) x 10(-12) exp[-(330 +/- 45)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1); k(1)(298 K) = 1.70 x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). The quoted uncertainties are 2 sigma (95% confidence level) and include estimated systematic errors. The present results are discussed in relation to the measured rate coefficients for the reaction of OH with other fluorinated alcohols and those calculated using recently reported structure additivity relationships for fluorinated compounds (K. Tokuhashi, H. Nagai, A. Takahashi, M. Kaise, S. Kondo, A. Sekiya, M. Takahashi, Y. Gotoh and A. Suga, J. Phys. Chem. A, 1999, 103, 2664-2672, ref. 2). Infrared absorption cross sections for CFH2CH2OH are reported and they are used to calculate the global warming potentials (GWP) for CFH2CH2OH of - 8, - 2, and - 1, respectively, for the 20, 100 and 500 year horizons. A brief discussion of the atmospheric degradation of CFH2CH2OH is provided. It is concluded that CFH2CH2OH is an acceptable substitute for CFCs in terms of its impact on Earth's climate and the composition of the atmosphere. The room temperature rate coefficient for the reaction OH + CH3CH2OH products (k(10)) was measured to be 3.26 x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1), in good agreement with recent measurements from this laboratory. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ravishankara, AR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, 325,Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM A.R.Ravishankara@noaa.gov RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; B, Rajakumar/H-3479-2011; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 21 PY 2005 VL 7 IS 12 BP 2498 EP 2505 DI 10.1039/b503332b PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 942UO UT WOS:000230308600013 PM 15962035 ER PT J AU Miller, MA Knobelspiesse, K Frouin, R Bartholomew, MJ Reynolds, RM Pietras, C Fargion, G Quinn, P Thieuleux, F AF Miller, MA Knobelspiesse, K Frouin, R Bartholomew, MJ Reynolds, RM Pietras, C Fargion, G Quinn, P Thieuleux, F TI Analysis of shipboard aerosol optical thickness measurements from multiple sunphotometers aboard the R/V Ronald H. Brown during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment-Asia SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SUN PHOTOMETERS; RADIOMETER; CALIBRATION; AERONET; DESIGN; OCEANS AB Marine sunphotometer measurements collected aboard the R/V Ronald H. Brown during the Aerosol Characterization Experiment-Asia (ACE-Asia) are used to evaluate the ability of complementary instrumentation to obtain the best possible estimates of aerosol optical thickness and Angstrom exponent from ships at sea. A wide range of aerosol conditions, including clean maritime conditions and highly polluted coastal environments, were encountered during the ACE-Asia cruise. The results of this study suggest that shipboard hand-held sunphotometers and fast-rotating shadow-band radiometers (FRSRs) yield similar measurements and uncertainties if proper measurement protocols are used and if the instruments are properly calibrated. The automated FRSR has significantly better temporal resolution (2 min) than the hand-held sunphotometers when standard measurement protocols are used, so it more faithfully represents the variability of the local aerosol structure in polluted regions. Conversely, results suggest that the hand-held sunphotometers may perform better in clean, maritime air masses for unknown reasons. Results also show that the statistical distribution of the Angstrom exponent measurements is different when the distributions from hand-held surphotometers are compared with those from the FRSR and that the differences may arise from a combination of factors. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Earth Syst Sci Div, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, NASA SIMBIOS Project, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Sci & Technol, Villeneuve Dascq, France. RP Brookhaven Natl Lab, Earth Syst Sci Div, Bldg 490D, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM miller@bnl.gov RI Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Knobelspiesse, Kirk/S-5902-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Knobelspiesse, Kirk/0000-0001-5986-1751 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUN 20 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 18 BP 3805 EP 3820 DI 10.1364/AO.44.003805 PG 16 WC Optics SC Optics GA 938IC UT WOS:000229992100022 PM 15989056 ER PT J AU Song, DG Hardy, L AF Song, DG Hardy, L TI Quantum anti-cloning SO PHYSICS LETTERS A LA English DT Article ID PROBABILISTIC CLONING; STATES; INFORMATION; UNIVERSAL AB We derive the transformation for the optimal universal quantum anti-cloner which produces two anti-parallel outputs for a single input state. The fidelity is shown to be 2/3 which is same as the measurement fidelity. We consider a probabilistic quantum anti-cloner and show quantum states can be anti-cloned exactly with non-zero probability and its efficiency is higher than the efficiency of distinguishing between the two states. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Perimeter Inst, Waterloo, ON N2J 2W9, Canada. RP Song, DG (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.song@nist.gov NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0375-9601 J9 PHYS LETT A JI Phys. Lett. A PD JUN 20 PY 2005 VL 341 IS 1-4 BP 60 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.physleta.2005.04.063 PG 7 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 937SF UT WOS:000229945100009 ER PT J AU Reddy, MS Boucher, O Balkanski, Y Schulz, M AF Reddy, MS Boucher, O Balkanski, Y Schulz, M TI Aerosol optical depths and direct radiative perturbations by species and source type SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SAFARI 2000; SULFATE; CYCLE AB We have used the Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique General Circulation Model (LMDZT GCM) to estimate the relative contributions of different aerosol source types (i.e., fossil fuels, biomass burning, and "natural") and aerosol species to the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and direct aerosol radiative perturbation (DARP) at the top-of-atmosphere. The largest estimated contribution to the global annual average AOD (0.12 at 550 nm) is from natural (58%), followed by fossil fuel (26%), and biomass burning (16%) sources. The global annual mean all-sky DARP in the shortwave (SW) spectrum by sulfate, black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), dust, and sea salt are -0.62, +0.55, -0.33, -0.28, and -0.30 Wm(-2), respectively. The all-sky DARP in the longwave spectrum (LW) is not negligible and is a bit less than half of the SW DARP. The net (i.e., SW+LW) DARP distribution is predominantly negative with patches of positive values over the dust source regions, and off the west coasts of Southern Africa and South and North America. For dust aerosols the SW effect is partially offset by LW greenhouse effect. C1 Univ Sci & Technol Lille, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, Villeneuve Dascq, France. CEA, CNRS, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Reddy, MS (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, UCAR Visiting Scientist Program, Princeton Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM shekar.reddy@noaa.gov; olivier.boucher@metoffice.gov.uk; balkanski@lsce.saclay.cea.fr; schulz@lsce.saclay.cea.fr RI Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Balkanski, Yves/A-6616-2011; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011 OI Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Balkanski, Yves/0000-0001-8241-2858; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158 NR 13 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 AR L12803 DI 10.1029/2004GL021743 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 938FZ UT WOS:000229986600001 ER PT J AU Huang, XL Yung, YL AF Huang, XL Yung, YL TI Spatial and spectral variability of the outgoing thermal IR spectra from AIRS: A case study of July 2003 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; MULTIPLE QUASI EQUILIBRIA; WATER-VAPOR; MODEL-CALCULATIONS; CIRCULATION MODEL; CLIMATE RESPONSE; MONSOON ONSET; CIRRUS CLOUDS; SAHARAN DUST AB [1] Here we present a survey of the spatial variability in different climate zones seen from AIRS data using the spectral EOF analysis. Over the tropical and subtropical oceans, the first principal component (PC1) is mostly due to the thermal contrast between surface and thick cold cloud tops. The second principal component (PC2) is mainly due to the spatial variation of the lower tropospheric humidity (LTH) and the low clouds. The signature of dust aerosol over the Arabian Sea and the Atlantic off the coast of North Africa in the summertime can be clearly seen in the PC2. Both the PC1 and the PC2 capture the upper tropospheric water vapor variability due to the forced orthogonality of EOFs. The third principal component (PC3) is mainly due to the spatial variation of the lower stratospheric temperature. Over the midlatitude oceans, the PC1 is still due to the thermal contrast of emission temperature. During wintertime, the PC2 is mainly due to stratospheric temperature variations. In the summer, the PC2 over the southern hemisphere is still due to stratospheric temperature variations, but in the northern hemisphere it is mainly due to the variations of the LTH and the low clouds. An exploratory study using synthetic spectra based on a NCAR CAM2 simulation shows that the model could account for the essential features in the data as well as provide an explanation of the three leading PCs. Major disagreements exist in the location of the ITCZ, the dust aerosol, and the lower stratospheric temperature. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. CALTECH, Dept Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Huang, XL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall,POB CN710, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM xianglei.huang@noaa.gov RI Huang, Xianglei/G-6127-2011 OI Huang, Xianglei/0000-0002-7129-614X NR 74 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D12 AR D12102 DI 10.1029/2004JD005530 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938HB UT WOS:000229989400004 ER PT J AU Mansell, ER MacGorman, DR Ziegler, CL Straka, JM AF Mansell, ER MacGorman, DR Ziegler, CL Straka, JM TI Charge structure and lightning sensitivity in a simulated multicell thunderstorm SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-GRAUPEL COLLISIONS; CLOUD DROPLET SIZE; ELECTRIC-FIELD; CONVECTIVE STORMS; LIQUID WATER; RIMING ELECTRIFICATION; MOUNTAIN THUNDERSTORM; RIME ACCRETION; SPACE-CHARGE; ICE CRYSTALS AB [1] A three-dimensional dynamic cloud model is used to investigate electrification of the full life cycle of an idealized continental multicell storm. Five laboratory-based parameterizations of noninductive graupel-ice charge separation are compared. Inductive (i.e., electric field-dependent) charge separation is tested for rebounding graupel-droplet collisions. Each noninductive graupel-ice parameterization is combined with variations in the effectiveness of inductive charging ( off, moderate, and strong) and in the minimum ice crystal concentration ( 10 or 50 L-1). Small atmospheric ion processes such as hydrometeor attachment and point discharge at the ground are treated explicitly. Three of the noninductive schemes readily produced a normal polarity charge structure, consisting of a main negative charge region with an upper main positive charge region and a lower positive charge region. Negative polarity cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes occurred when the lower positive charge (LPC) region had sufficient charge density to cause high electric fields. Two of the three also produced one or more + CG flashes. The other two noninductive charging schemes, which are dependent on the graupel rime accretion rate, tended to produce an initially inverted polarity charge structure and + CG flashes. The model results suggest that inductive graupel-droplet charge separation could play a role in the development of lower charge regions. Noninductive charging, on the other hand, was also found to be capable of producing strong lower charge regions in the tests with a minimum ice crystal concentration of 50 L-1. C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Mansell, ER (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM mansell@ou.edu NR 98 TC 84 Z9 102 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D12 AR D12101 DI 10.1029/2004JD005287 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938HB UT WOS:000229989400002 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Friedl, MA Schaaf, CB Strahler, AH Liu, Z AF Zhang, XY Friedl, MA Schaaf, CB Strahler, AH Liu, Z TI Monitoring the response of vegetation phenology to precipitation in Africa by coupling MODIS and TRMM instruments SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MEASURING MISSION TRMM; SOUTHERN AFRICA; RAINY-SEASON; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; RAINFALL VARIABILITY; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; WEST-AFRICA; SOIL TYPE; GROWTH; ONSET AB [1] While temperature controls on vegetation phenology in humid temperate climates have been widely investigated, water availability is the primary limit on vegetation growth in arid and semiarid ecosystems at continental and global scales. This paper explores the response of vegetation phenology to precipitation across Africa from 2000 to 2003 using vegetation index data from the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and daily rainfall data obtained from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). The results indicate that well-defined thresholds exist in cumulative rainfall that stimulate vegetation green-up in arid and semiarid regions of Africa. Therefore cumulative rainfall provides an appropriate criterion for determining the onset of the rainy season, which can be used to predict the onset of vegetation green-up. Following the end of the rainy season, the onset of vegetation dormancy occurs with a lag of about 54 and 84 days in the Sahelian and sub-Sahelian region and in southern Africa, respectively. Further, spatial patterns in vegetation phenology can be divided into three distinct regions in arid and semiarid ecosystems of Africa because of well-defined patterns in rainfall seasonality. In response to rainfall patterns controlled by the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the Sahelian and sub-Sahelian region, the timing of vegetation phenology shifts gradually in a north-south direction at a rate of 0.12 d/km for green-up onset and 0.05 d/km for dormancy onset. In contrast, patterns in vegetation phenology and rainfall seasonality are much more complex in southern Africa. The shift rates and trends in this region are consistent locally but vary abruptly across different ecosystems or climate regimes. Multiple annual cycles of vegetation growth closely follow rainy seasons in parts of the Greater Horn of Africa. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Distributed Act Archive Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xiaoyang.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010 NR 56 TC 83 Z9 83 U1 2 U2 32 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D12 AR D12103 DI 10.1029/2004JD005263 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938HB UT WOS:000229989400001 ER PT J AU Bullock, SS O'Leary, DP Brennen, GK AF Bullock, SS O'Leary, DP Brennen, GK TI Asymptotically optimal quantum circuits for d-level systems SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION; GATES AB Scalability of a quantum computation requires that the information be processed on multiple subsystems. However, it is unclear how the complexity of a quantum algorithm, quantified by the number of entangling gates, depends on the subsystem size. We examine the quantum circuit complexity for exactly universal computation on many d-level systems (qudits). Both a lower bound and a constructive upper bound on the number of two-qudit gates result, proving a sharp asymptotic of Theta(d(2n)) gates. This closes the complexity question for all d-level systems (d finite). The optimal asymptotic applies to systems with locality constraints, e.g., nearest neighbor interactions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, UMIACS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Bullock, SS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Brennen, Gavin/C-2293-2009 OI Brennen, Gavin/0000-0002-6019-966X NR 22 TC 62 Z9 63 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 23 AR 230502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.230502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 936LS UT WOS:000229858100006 PM 16090450 ER PT J AU Sagi, E Ofer, O Keren, A Gardner, JS AF Sagi, E Ofer, O Keren, A Gardner, JS TI Quest for frustration driven distortion in Y2Mo2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITION; SYSTEM AB We investigated the nature of the freezing in the geometrically frustrated Heisenberg spin glass Y2Mo2O7 by measuring the temperature dependence of the static internal magnetic field distribution above the spin-glass temperature, T-g, using the muon spin relaxation technique. The evolution of the field distribution cannot be explained by changes in the spin susceptibility alone and suggests a lattice deformation. This possibility is addressed by numerical simulations of the Heisenberg Hamiltonian with magnetoelastic coupling at T > 0. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sagi, E (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013 NR 17 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 23 AR 237202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.237202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 936LS UT WOS:000229858100055 PM 16090499 ER PT J AU Causey, BD Andrews, K AF Causey, BD Andrews, K TI Reassessing US coral reefs SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. Florida Dept Environm Protect, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Causey, BD (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, POB 500368, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5729 BP 1740 EP 1741 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 937LY UT WOS:000229926800021 PM 15966074 ER PT J AU Kruczynski, WL AF Kruczynski, WL TI Reassessing US coral reefs SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 US EPA, Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Water Qual Protect Program, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. RP Kruczynski, WL (reprint author), US EPA, Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Water Qual Protect Program, POB 300368, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5729 BP 1741 EP 1741 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 937LY UT WOS:000229926800022 ER PT J AU Sabine, C Gruber, N AF Sabine, C Gruber, N TI Response to comment "The ocean sink for anthropogenic CO2" SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID INDIAN-OCEAN C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. RP Sabine, C (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chris.sabine@noaa.gov; ngruber@igpp.ucla.edu RI Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009 OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JUN 17 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5729 DI 10.1126/science.1109949 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 937LY UT WOS:000229926800031 ER PT J AU Golmie, N Cypher, D Rebala, O AF Golmie, N Cypher, D Rebala, O TI Performance analysis of low rate wireless technologies for medical applications SO COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE medical applications; ECG; WLAN; WPAN; healthcare systems; performance analysis; medium access control AB In this article, we discuss what wireless technologies can be used for medical applications and how well they perform in a healthcare/hospital environment. We consider the emerging low-rate Wireless Personal Area Network technology as specified in the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802.15.4 standard and evaluate its suitability to the medical environment. We focus on scalability issues and the need to support tens of communicating devices in a patient's hospital room. We evaluate the effect of packet segmentation and backoff parameter tuning to improve the overall network performance that is measured in terms of packet loss, goodput, and access delay. We also evaluate the performance of 802.15.4 devices under interference conditions caused by other 802.15.4 devices and by wireless local area networks using IEEE 802.11b. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Golmie, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nada.golmie@nist.gov; david.cypher@nist.gov; olivier.rebala@nist.gov NR 3 TC 101 Z9 105 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0140-3664 J9 COMPUT COMMUN JI Comput. Commun. PD JUN 16 PY 2005 VL 28 IS 10 BP 1266 EP 1275 DI 10.1016/j.comcom.2004.07.021 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 936AW UT WOS:000229825800015 ER PT J AU Antonov, JI Levitus, S Boyer, TP AF Antonov, JI Levitus, S Boyer, TP TI Thermosteric sea level rise, 1955-2003 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; PACIFIC-OCEAN AB For the 1955-2003 period, the thermal expansion of the 0-700 m layer of the World Ocean contributed approximately 0.33 mm/year to global sea level rise. About half of this thermosteric trend is due to warming of the Atlantic Ocean. Approximately one third of the total thermosteric rise is due to the warming of the Pacific Ocean. For the period of available TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) satellite altimetry data (1993-2003), the linear trend of thermosteric sea level (0-700 m) is 1.23 mm/year, 60% of which is due to the trends in the Pacific Ocean. For the 0-3000 m layer of the entire World Ocean, the linear trend of thermosteric sea level is 0.40 mm/year for 1955-1959 through 1994-1998. For the 50 degrees S-65 degrees N region that we previously reported (Antonov et al., 2002) which was characterized by a 0.50 mm/year trend for 1955-1959 through 1992-1996, our new estimate is 0.47 mm/year for this same period. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, NODC, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Antonov, JI (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, NODC, E-OC5,1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM john.antonov@noaa.gov; sydney.levitus@noaa.gov; tim.boyer@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 91 Z9 102 U1 0 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 16 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 AR L12602 DI 10.1029/2005GL023112 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 938FW UT WOS:000229986300005 ER PT J AU Gales, NJ Kasuya, T Clapham, PJ Brownell, RL AF Gales, NJ Kasuya, T Clapham, PJ Brownell, RL TI Japan's whaling plan under scrutiny SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Australian Antarctic Div, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. Teikyo Univ Sci & Technol, Yamanashi 4090193, Japan. Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Gales, NJ (reprint author), Australian Antarctic Div, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. NR 4 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 19 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 16 PY 2005 VL 435 IS 7044 BP 883 EP 884 DI 10.1038/435883a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 935RN UT WOS:000229799700020 PM 15959491 ER PT J AU Calonge, N AF Calonge, N CA US Preventive Services Task TI Primary care interventions to prevent low back pain in adults: Recommendation statement SO AMERICAN FAMILY PHYSICIAN LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Calonge, N (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 540 Gaither Rd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM uspstf@ahrq.gov NR 3 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ACAD FAMILY PHYSICIANS PI KANSAS CITY PA 8880 WARD PARKWAY, KANSAS CITY, MO 64114-2797 USA SN 0002-838X J9 AM FAM PHYSICIAN JI Am. Fam. Physician PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 71 IS 12 BP 2337 EP 2338 PG 2 WC Primary Health Care; Medicine, General & Internal SC General & Internal Medicine GA 939CL UT WOS:000230049800010 ER PT J AU Brettell, TA Butler, JM Saferstein, R AF Brettell, TA Butler, JM Saferstein, R TI Forensic science SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; GAMMA-HYDROXYBUTYRIC ACID; PRESSURE CHEMICAL-IONIZATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA HETEROPLASMY; CAPILLARY GAS-CHROMATOGRAPHY; DRUG-FACILITATED CRIMES; 3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETHAMPHETAMINE MDMA TABLETS; AUTOMOTIVE GASOLINE SAMPLES C1 New Jersey State Police, Off Forens Sci, Hamilton, NJ 08691 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brettell, TA (reprint author), New Jersey State Police, Off Forens Sci, New Jersey Forens Sci & Technol Complex,1200 Negr, Hamilton, NJ 08691 USA. RI Butler, John/C-7812-2011 NR 783 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 12 BP 3839 EP 3860 DI 10.1021/ac050682e PG 22 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 938HV UT WOS:000229991400007 PM 15952759 ER PT J AU Ramprakesh, J Schwarz, FP AF Ramprakesh, J Schwarz, FP TI Energetic differences between the specific binding of a 40 bp DNA duplex and the lac promoter to lac repressor protein SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE isothermal titration calorimetry; DNA-protein interactions; promoter interactions; nitrocellulose binding assays; transcription repression ID NON-OPERATOR DNA; CORE PROTEIN; COMPLEXES; MONOVALENT; CONSTANTS; MUTANTS; INDUCER AB The energetics of LRP binding to a 104 bp lac promoter determined from ITC measurements were compared to the energetics of binding to a shorter 40 bp DNA duplex with the 21 bp promoter binding site sequence. The promoter binding affinity of 2.47 +/- 0.01 X 10(7) M-1 was higher than the DNA binding affinity of 1.81 +/- 0.67 x 10(7) M-1 while the binding enthalpy of -804 +/- 41 kJ mol(-1) was lower than that of the DNA binding enthalpy of - 145 +/- 16 kJ mol(-1) at 298.15 K. Both the promoter and DNA binding reactions were exothermic in phosphate buffer but endothermic in Tris buffer that showed the transfer of four protons to LRP in the former reaction but only two in the latter. A more complicated dependence of these parameters on temperature was observed for promoter binding. These energetic differences are attributable to additional LRP promoter interactions from wrapping of the promoter around the LRP. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Schwarz, FP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM fred@carb.nist.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 438 IS 2 BP 162 EP 173 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2005.04.017 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 937IT UT WOS:000229918500007 PM 15916747 ER PT J AU Kuster, WC Harren, FJM De Gouw, JA AF Kuster, WC Harren, FJM De Gouw, JA TI Inter-comparison of laser photoacoustic spectroscopy and gas chromatography techniques for measurements of ethene in the atmosphere SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ETHYLENE PRODUCTION; DETECTION SYSTEM; ISOPRENE; FLOWERS; GROWTH; AIR AB Laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) is highly suitable for the detection of ethene in air due to the overlap between its strongest absorption lines and the wavelengths accessible by high-powered CO(2) lasers. Here, we test the ability of LPAS to measure ethene in ambient air by comparing the measurements in urban air with those from a gas chromatography flame-ionization detection (GC-FID) instrument. Over the course of several days, we obtained quantitative agreement between the two measurements. Over this period, the LPAS instrument had a positive offset of 330 +/- 140 pptv (parts-per-trillion by volume) relative to the GC-FID instrument, possibly caused by interference from other species. The detection limit of the LPAS instrument is currently estimated around 1 ppbv and is limited by this offset and the statistical noise in the data. We conclude that LPAS has the potential to provide fast-response measurements of ethene in the atmosphere, with significant advantages over existing techniques when measuring from moving platforms and in the vicinity of emission sources. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kuster, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bkuster@al.noaa.gov RI Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Harren, Frans/A-1729-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 12 BP 4581 EP 4585 DI 10.1021/es0504385 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934QU UT WOS:000229724100037 PM 16047795 ER PT J AU Worley, SJ Woodruff, SD Reynolds, RW Lubker, SJ Lott, N AF Worley, SJ Woodruff, SD Reynolds, RW Lubker, SJ Lott, N TI ICOADS release 2.1 data and products SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Advances in Marine Climatology (CLIMAR-2) CY NOV, 2003 CL Brussels, BELGIUM DE marine data; ship data; buoy data; sea-surface temperature; air temperature; wind; sea-level pressure ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MARINE AIR TEMPERATURES; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; EXTENDED RECONSTRUCTION; FLUX CLIMATOLOGY; LEVEL PRESSURE; OCEAN; WIND; PACIFIC; SHIPS AB The International Comprehensive Ocean -Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), release 2.1 (1784-2002), is the largest available set of in situ marine observations. Observations from ships include instrument measurements and visual estimates, and data from moored and drifting buoys are exclusively instrumental. The ICOADS collection is constructed from many diverse data sources, and made inhomogeneous by the changes in observing systems and recording practices used throughout the period of record, which is over two centuries. Nevertheless, it is a key reference data set that documents the long-term environmental state, provides input to a variety of critical climate and other research applications, and serves as a basis for many associated products and analyses. The observational database is augmented with higher level ICOADS data products. The observed data are synthesized to products by computing statistical summaries, on a monthly basis, for samples within 2 degrees latitude x 2 degrees longitude and V x V boxes beginning in 1800 and 1960 respectively. For each resolution the summaries are computed using two different data mixtures and quality control criteria. This partially controls and contrasts the effects of changing observing systems and accounts for periods with greater climate variability. The ICOADS observations and products are freely distributed worldwide. The standard ICOADS release is supplemented in several ways; additional summaries are produced using experimental quality control, additional observations are made available in advance of their formal blending into a release, and metadata that define recent ships' physical characteristics and instruments are available. Copyright (c) 2005 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, SCD, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, OAR, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, SCD, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM worley@ucar.edu NR 58 TC 235 Z9 245 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0899-8418 EI 1097-0088 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 25 IS 7 BP 823 EP 842 DI 10.1002/joc.1166 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941JS UT WOS:000230211700002 ER PT J AU Reynolds, RW Zhang, HM Smith, TM Gentemann, CL Wentz, F AF Reynolds, RW Zhang, HM Smith, TM Gentemann, CL Wentz, F TI Impacts of in situ and additional satellite data on the accuracy of a sea-surface temperature analysis for climate SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Advances in Marine Climatology (CLIMAR-2) CY NOV, 2003 CL Brussels, BELGIUM DE SST; buoy; AVHRR; TMI; satellite; optimum interpolation ID SST ANALYSIS AB Additional in situ and satellite data improve the accuracy of a blended (in situ and satellite) sea-surface temperature (SST) analysis using optimum interpolation (01). Two studies were conducted to evaluate the impacts of in situ and additional satellite data. One study evaluated the adequacy of the recent in situ network. Because of the high coverage of satellite data, in situ data used in the analysis tends to be overwhelmed by satellite data. Thus, the most important role of the in situ data in the analysis is to correct large-scale satellite biases. Simulations with different buoy densities showed the need for at least two buoys on a 10 degrees spatial grid. This will ensure that satellite biases do not exceed 0.5 degrees C. Using this criterion, regions were identified where additional buoys are needed. A second study evaluated the impact of satellite SST retrievals from the tropical rainfall measuring mission microwave imager (TMI) on the 01 analysis. The present version only uses infrared satellite data from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) instrument. The results of the intercomparisons showed that both AVHRR and TMI data have biases that must be corrected for climate studies. The addition of TMI data clearly improved the 01 analysis accuracy without bias correction, but was less significant when bias correction was used. However, there are areas of the ocean with limited in situ data and restricted AVHRR coverage due to cloud cover, and the use of both TMI and AVHRR should improve the accuracy of the analysis in those areas. Copyright (c) 2005 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. Remote Sensing Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA. RP Reynolds, RW (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Richard.W.Reynolds@noaa.gov RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 NR 9 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 25 IS 7 BP 857 EP 864 DI 10.1002/joc.1168 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941JS UT WOS:000230211700004 ER PT J AU Boyer, T Levitus, S Garcia, H Locarnini, RA Stephens, C Antonov, J AF Boyer, T Levitus, S Garcia, H Locarnini, RA Stephens, C Antonov, J TI Objective analyses of annual, seasonal, and monthly temperature and salinity for the world ocean on a 0.25 degrees grid SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Advances in Marine Climatology (CLIMAR-2) CY NOV, 2003 CL Brussels, BELGIUM DE ocean temperature; salinity; climatology AB Objectively analysed climatological mean fields of temperature and salinity have been calculated on a 0.25 degrees grid for the World Ocean for the annual, seasonal, and monthly compositing periods using data from the World Ocean Database 2001. The annual and seasonal fields are calculated at standard levels from the surface to 5500 m. The monthly fields are calculated at standard levels from the surface to 1500 m. In comparison with similarly computed climatologies calculated on a V grid, ocean circulation features, such as the Gulf of Mexico Loop Current, are more clearly represented. The new 0.25 degrees climatologies preserve most of the spatial resolution of earlier 0.25 degrees temperature and salinity climatologies, while reducing noise by additional smoothing in horizontal space (geographically at each depth), vertically (along depth at each grid), as well as in time (Fourier filtering). Copyright (c) 2005 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Ocean Climate Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. US CLIVAR OFF, Washington, DC 20006 USA. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Boyer, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Ocean Climate Lab, E-OC5,1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM boyer@nodc.noaa.gov NR 19 TC 146 Z9 150 U1 2 U2 17 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 25 IS 7 BP 931 EP 945 DI 10.1002/joc.1173 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941JS UT WOS:000230211700009 ER PT J AU Chandler-Horowitz, D Amirtharaj, PM AF Chandler-Horowitz, D Amirtharaj, PM TI High-accuracy, midinfrared (450 cm(-1)<=omega <= 4000 cm(-1)) refractive index values of silicon SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LATTICE ABSORPTION; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; GERMANIUM; CRYSTALS AB The real and imaginary parts of the refractive index, n(omega) and k(omega), of silicon were measured as a function of photon frequency omega using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission spectral data. An accurate mechanical measurement of the wafer's thickness, t, was required, and two FTIR spectra were used: one of high resolution (Delta omega=0.1 to 0.5 cm(-1)) yielding a typical channel spectrum (Fabry-Perot fringes) dependent mainly on t and n(omega), and one of low resolution (Delta omega=4.0 cm(-1)) yielding an absorption spectrum dependent mainly on t and k(omega). A procedure was developed to first get initial estimates for n(omega) for the high-resolution spectrum and then calculate k(omega) from the faster low-resolution spectrum with minimal measurement drift. Then both initial n and final k values were used together as starting point data for a fit to the high-resolution spectrum. A previously derived transmission formula for a convergent incident beam was used for the fit. The accuracy of n(omega) determined using this procedure is mostly dependent upon the measurement error in the sample thickness t and k(omega) is dominated by the accuracy of the absolute transmission values obtained from a sample-in and sample-out methods. Our results are compared with previously published values for n(omega) and k(omega) in the 450-4000-cm(-1) spectral region. The reported uncertainty in n(omega) is +/- 10(-4) absolute, a factor of 10 better than published values. The values of n(omega) range from 3.4400 at 4000 cm(-1) (lambda=2.5 mu m) to 3.4169 at 450 cm(-1) (lambda=22.222 mu m). The k(omega) values had a standard deviation of <=+/- 3% and are in good agreement with previous measurements. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Chandler-Horowitz, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM deane.chandler-horowitz@nist.gov NR 14 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 12 AR 123526 DI 10.1063/1.1923612 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 942JG UT WOS:000230278100045 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Delworth, TL AF Zhang, R Delworth, TL TI Simulated tropical response to a substantial weakening of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; TIME SCALES; VARIABILITY; COLLAPSE; IMPACT; ENSO AB In this study, a mechanism is demonstrated whereby a large reduction in the Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) can induce global-scale changes in the Tropics that are consistent with paleoevidence of the global synchronization of millennial-scale abrupt climate change. Using GFDL's newly developed global coupled ocean-atmosphere model (CM2.0), the global response to a sustained addition of freshwater to the model's North Atlantic is simulated. This freshwater forcing substantially weakens the Atlantic THC, resulting in a southward shift of the intertropical convergence zone over the Atlantic and Pacific, an El Nino-like pattern in the southeastern tropical Pacific, and weakened Indian and Asian summer monsoons through air-sea interactions. C1 Princeton Univ, AOS Program, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), Princeton Univ, AOS Program, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Rong.Zhang@noaa.gov RI Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556 NR 19 TC 345 Z9 358 U1 2 U2 54 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1853 EP 1860 DI 10.1175/JCLI3460.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941FB UT WOS:000230199600001 ER PT J AU Tam, CY Lau, NC AF Tam, CY Lau, NC TI The impact of ENSO on atmospheric intraseasonal variability as inferred from observations and GCM simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERE WINTERTIME CIRCULATION; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; ROSSBY-WAVE PROPAGATION; NORTH PACIFIC; TROPICAL CONVECTION; PERSISTENT ANOMALIES; SST ANOMALIES; LIFE-CYCLES; FREQUENCY; FLOW AB The impact of the El Niho-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on the atmospheric intraseasonal variability in the North Pacific is assessed, with emphasis on how ENSO modulates midlatitude circulation anomalies associated with the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) in the Tropics and the westward-traveling patterns (WTP) in high latitudes. The database for this study consists of the output of a general circulation model (GCM) experiment subjected to temporally varying sea surface temperature (SST) forcing in the tropical Pacific, and observational reanalysis products. Diagnosis of the GCM experiment indicates a key region in the North Pacific over which the year-to-year variation of intraseasonal activity is sensitive to the SST conditions in the Tropics. In both the simulated and observed atmospheres, the development phase of the dominant circulation anomaly in this region is characterized by incoming wave activity from northeast Asia and the subtropical western Pacific. Southeastward dispersion from the North Pacific to North America can be found in later phases of the life cycle of the anomaly. The spatial pattern of this recurrent extratropical anomaly contains regional features that are similar to those appearing in composite charts for prominent episodes of the MJO and the WTP. Both the GCM and reanalysis data indicate that the amplitude of intraseasonal variability near the key region, as well as incoming wave activity in the western Pacific and dispersion to the western United States, are enhanced in cold ENSO events as compared to warm events. Similar modulations of the MJO-related circulation patterns in the extratropics by ENSO forcing are discernible in the model simulation. It is inferred from these findings that ENSO can influence the North Pacific intraseasonal activity through its effects on the evolution of convective anomalies in the tropical western Pacific. On the other hand, there is little modification by ENSO of the circulation features associated with the WTP. The combined effect of the MJO and WTP on the intraseasonal circulation in the North Pacific is studied. Based on multiple regression analysis, it is found that the MJO and WTP make comparable contributions to the variability in the midlatitude North Pacific. These contributions may be treated as a linear combination of the anomalies attributed to the MJO and WTP separately. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Tam, CY (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, 1680 E W Rd,POST Bldg, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM chiyung@hawaii.edu NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 12 BP 1902 EP 1924 DI 10.1175/JCLI3399.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941FB UT WOS:000230199600004 ER PT J AU Smith, TM Reynolds, RW AF Smith, TM Reynolds, RW TI A global merged land-air-sea surface temperature reconstruction based on historical observations (1880-1997) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU; EXTENDED RECONSTRUCTION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; TIME-SERIES; CLIMATE; LATE-19TH-CENTURY; OSCILLATION; TRENDS; OCEAN AB A merged land-air-sea surface temperature reconstruction analysis is developed for monthly anomalies. The reconstruction is global and spatially complete. Reconstructed anomalies damp toward zero in regions with insufficient sampling. Error estimates account for the damping associated with sparse sampling, and also for bias uncertainty in both the land and sea observations. Averages of the reconstruction are similar to simple averages of the unanalyzed data for most of the analysis period. For the nineteenth century, when sampling is most sparse and the error estimates are largest, the differences between the averaged reconstruction and the simple averages are largest. Sampling is always sparse poleward of 60 degrees latitude, and historic reconstructions for the polar regions should be used with caution. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Univ Maryland, Natl Climat Data Ctr, ESSIC, CICS, 4115 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tom.smith@noaa.gov RI Smith, Thomas M./F-5626-2010 OI Smith, Thomas M./0000-0001-7469-7849 NR 33 TC 186 Z9 202 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2021 EP 2036 DI 10.1175/JCLI3362.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941FB UT WOS:000230199600011 ER PT J AU Gerber, EP Vallis, GK AF Gerber, EP Vallis, GK TI A Stochastic model for the spatial structure of annular patterns of variability and the North Atlantic Oscillation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION; FEEDBACK AB Meridional dipoles of zonal wind and geopotential height are found extensively in empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and single-point correlation maps of observations and models. Notable examples are the North Atlantic Oscillation and the so-called annular modes (or the Arctic Oscillation). Minimal stochastic models are developed to explain the origin of such structure. In particular, highly idealized, analytic, purely stochastic models of the barotropic, zonally averaged zonal wind and of the zonally averaged surface pressure are constructed, and it is found that the meridional dipole pattern is a natural consequence of the conservation of zonal momentum and mass by fluid motions. Extension of the one-dimensional zonal wind model to two-dimensional flow illustrates the manner in which a local meridional dipole structure may become zonally elongated in EOF analysis, producing a zonally uniform EOF even when the dynamics is not particularly zonally coherent on hemispheric length scales. The analytic system then provides a context for understanding the existence of zonally uniform patterns in models where there are no zonally coherent motions. It is also shown how zonally asymmetric dynamics can give rise to structures resembling the North Atlantic Oscillation. Both the one- and two-dimensional results are manifestations of the same principle: given a stochastic system with a simple red spectrum in which correlations between points in space (or time) decay as the separation between them increases, EOF analysis will typically produce the gravest mode allowed by the system's constraints. Thus, grave dipole patterns can be robustly expected to arise in the statistical analysis of a model or observations, regardless of the presence or otherwise of a dynamical mode. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Appl & Comp Math, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, GFDL, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Vallis, GK (reprint author), Princeton Univ, AOS Program, POB CN710,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM gkv@princeton.edu OI Gerber, Edwin/0000-0002-6010-6638 NR 20 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 12 BP 2102 EP 2118 DI 10.1175/JCLI3337.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941FB UT WOS:000230199600017 ER PT J AU Schneider, BI Collins, LA AF Schneider, BI Collins, LA TI The discrete variable method for the solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation SO JOURNAL OF NON-CRYSTALLINE SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Michael Weinberg Symposium CY OCT 24-25, 2003 CL Tucson, AZ ID QUANTUM-MECHANICS; STATISTICAL PHYSICS; REPRESENTATION; PROPAGATION; EXCITATION; FORMULA AB A solution of the time-dependent Schrodinger equation (TDSE) is required in a variety of problems in physics and chemistry. These include atoms and molecules in time dependent electromagnetic fields, a variety of atomic collision problems and in describing the behavior of materials subjected to internal and external forces. In many situations, especially at the nanoscale level, the evolution of the physical system occurs over multiple length and time scales and a computationally efficient approach is a necessity to make progress. Here we explore and compare, for both accuracy and efficiency, a number of methods to discretize and to propagate solutions to the Schrodinger equation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Grp T4, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Schneider, BI (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. EM bschneid@nsf.gov; lac@t4.lanl.gov NR 20 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-3093 J9 J NON-CRYST SOLIDS JI J. Non-Cryst. Solids PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 351 IS 18 BP 1551 EP 1558 DI 10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2005.03.028 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 938HA UT WOS:000229989300009 ER PT J AU Hoelzel, M Rajevac, V Danilkin, SA Udovic, TJ Wipf, H Fuess, H AF Hoelzel, M Rajevac, V Danilkin, SA Udovic, TJ Wipf, H Fuess, H TI Lattice dynamics of high-pressure hydrogenated austenitic stainless steels SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; IRON HYDRIDE; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRA; NIH1.05; FE; NI; CR AB The vibrational spectra of hydrogenated austenitic stainless steels AiSI 304 (Fe/Cr18/Ni10) and AISI 310 (Fe/Cr25/Ni20) were investigated by inelastic neutron scattering. Based on the results of previous neutron diffraction studies, the data have been analysed by model calculations. The peaks corresponding to the optical modes show a significant broadening because of the variation of vibrational energies from one hydrogen site to another in the alloys. At high hydrogen contents (hydrogen-to-metal atomic ratios H/Me approximate to 1) the peak profile is dominated by hydrogen-hydrogen interactions. Correspondingly, the optical peaks show a splitting into longitudinal and transverse modes for H/Me approximate to 1. A continuous lowering of the vibrational energies with increasing hydrogen content was observed for both steels, reflecting a weakening of the hydrogen-metal interactions with increasing hydrogen-metal atomic distance. C1 Technol Univ Darmstadt, Inst Mat Sci, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. ANSTO, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Technol Univ Darmstadt, Inst Solid State Phys, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Hoelzel, M (reprint author), Technol Univ Darmstadt, Inst Mat Sci, Petersenstr 23, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. RI Danilkin, Sergey/L-9419-2013 NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 23 BP 3537 EP 3546 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/17/23/006 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 945WJ UT WOS:000230533000009 ER PT J AU Gnaeupel-Herold, T Foecke, T Prask, HJ Fields, RJ AF Gnaeupel-Herold, T Foecke, T Prask, HJ Fields, RJ TI An investigation of springback stresses in AISI-1010 deep drawn cups SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE springback; deep drawings; residual stress ID RESIDUAL-STRESSES AB The residual stresses created by deep drawing of AISI-1010 cups were investigated by means of neutron diffraction, The wall thickness of the cups was below 3.0 mm, for which 8-10 through-thickness measurements were conducted, It was found that the axial. and tangential stress profiles are similar to what is expected from a bending-unbending operation, but it also exhibits a strong dependence on the axial and, to a minor extent, on the circumferential position. The strong axial stress dependence reflects the effect of stretching while the weaker circumferential stress variations are due to sheet anisotropy. We also found that the thermal relief of cold work in the initial AISI-1010 cold rolled blank has no discernable effect both on the residual stresses and the springback. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gnaeupel-Herold, T (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM tg-h@nist.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 26 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.017 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300003 ER PT J AU Tang, F Gnaupel-Herold, T Prask, H Anderson, IE AF Tang, F Gnaupel-Herold, T Prask, H Anderson, IE TI Residual stresses and stress partitioning measurements by neutron diffraction in Al/Al-Cu-Fe composites SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING A-STRUCTURAL MATERIALS PROPERTIES MICROSTRUCTURE AND PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE neutron diffraction; metal matrix composites; residual stresses; load partitioning ID MATRIX COMPOSITES; TENSILE PROPERTIES; POWDERS AB An unalloyed Al matrix was reinforced by spherical Al-Cu-Fe alloy particles, using either.ommercial purity (99.7%) or high purity (99.99%) powders (diameter < 10 mu m) and consolidated by either vacuum hot pressing or quasi-isostatic forging. Unusually pronounced strengthening in this simple metal matrix composite (MMC) system prompted the in situ study of residual stress effects in these samples to understand its possible role in the behavior. Residual stresses were measured in composites reinforced by 15, 20, and 30 vol.% reinforcement particles. Contrary to typical Al/SiC composites, the Al matrix exhibits compressive residual stresses. This unusual stress state may be promoted by a combination of effects including volume expansion of reinforcement particles caused by a phase transformation and the stiffness mismatch between the matrix and reinforcement phases. Matrix/reinforcement load transfer was also studied by neutron diffraction, using an in situ tensile frame. It was found that the load bearing stress ratio of reinforcement and matrix phases increases linearly with the reinforcement volume fraction. The composites produced from metal powders with a thinner oxide surface layer showed higher load transfer efficiency than the composites made from commercially atomized metal powders, as expected from the higher observed strength in the higher purity composites. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tang, F (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM tangf@ornl.gov OI Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5093 J9 MAT SCI ENG A-STRUCT JI Mater. Sci. Eng. A-Struct. Mater. Prop. Microstruct. Process. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 399 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 106 DI 10.1016/j.msea.2005.02.027 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 946QW UT WOS:000230588300012 ER PT J AU Ye, HK Nilsen, O Bright, VM Anderson, DZ AF Ye, HK Nilsen, O Bright, VM Anderson, DZ TI Holographic chemical vapor sensor SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; IDENTIFICATION; ARRAY AB A holographic interferometer senses vapor-induced optical path length changes in polymer or other chemically sensitive films. The interferometer is inherently sensitive to changes in chemical vapor content, self-compensates for drifts, and accommodates a large array of sensor elements. A sniff-locked-loop synchronous detection method takes advantage of the interferometer's rapid response to achieve vapor concentration sensitivity in the parts-per-billion (ppb, parts in 10(9)) range. We demonstrate, for example, 40 ppb sensitivity to ethyl alcohol using poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) with a measurement time of 5 s. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Engn Mech, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, HK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Dana@jila.colorado.edu NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JUN 15 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1467 EP 1469 DI 10.1364/OL.30.001467 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 934EJ UT WOS:000229689400013 PM 16007776 ER PT J AU Robinson, AD Millard, GA Danis, F Guirlet, M Harris, NRP Lee, AM McIntyre, JD Pyle, JA Arvelius, J Dagnesjo, S Kirkwood, S Nilsson, H Toohey, DW Deshler, T Goutail, F Pommereau, JP Elkins, JW Moore, F Ray, E Schmidt, U Engel, A Muller, M AF Robinson, AD Millard, GA Danis, F Guirlet, M Harris, NRP Lee, AM McIntyre, JD Pyle, JA Arvelius, J Dagnesjo, S Kirkwood, S Nilsson, H Toohey, DW Deshler, T Goutail, F Pommereau, JP Elkins, JW Moore, F Ray, E Schmidt, U Engel, A Muller, M TI Ozone loss derived from balloon-borne tracer measurements in the 1999/2000 Arctic winter SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN POLAR VORTEX; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; PROFILE OBSERVATIONS; CHLORINE ACTIVATION; GAS-CHROMATOGRAPH; TRANSPORT MODEL; ART.; DEPLETION; CAMPAIGN; EASOE AB Balloon-borne measurements of CFC11 ( from the DIRAC in situ gas chromatograph and the DESCARTES grab sampler), ClO and O(3) were made during the 1999/2000 Arctic winter as part of the SOLVE-THESEO 2000 campaign, based in Kiruna ( Sweden). Here we present the CFC11 data from nine flights and compare them first with data from other instruments which flew during the campaign and then with the vertical distributions calculated by the SLIMCAT 3D CTM. We calculate ozone loss inside the Arctic vortex between late January and early March using the relation between CFC11 and O(3) measured on the flights. The peak ozone loss (similar to 1200 ppbv) occurs in the 440-470K region in early March in reasonable agreement with other published empirical estimates. There is also a good agreement between ozone losses derived from three balloon tracer data sets used here. The magnitude and vertical distribution of the loss derived from the measurements is in good agreement with the loss calculated from SLIMCAT over Kiruna for the same days. C1 Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, NCAS ACMSU, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. Swedish Inst Space Phys, IRF, Kiruna Div, SE-98128 Kiruna, Sweden. Univ Colorado, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-91371 Verrieres Le Buisson, France. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Frankfurt, Inst Atmosphare & Umwelt, D-60325 Frankfurt, Germany. RP Robinson, AD (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. EM adr22@cam.ac.uk RI Toohey, Darin/A-4267-2008; Ray, Eric/D-5941-2013; Engel, Andreas/E-3100-2014; OI Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068; Ray, Eric/0000-0001-8727-9849; Engel, Andreas/0000-0003-0557-3935; Harris, Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006 NR 46 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 1423 EP 1436 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 935OL UT WOS:000229791500002 ER PT J AU Levin, I Vanderah, TA Amos, TG Maslar, JE AF Levin, I Vanderah, TA Amos, TG Maslar, JE TI Structural behavior and Raman spectra of perovskite-like solid solutions (1-x)LaMg0.5Ti0.5O3-xLa2/3TiO3 SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; SYSTEM; CERAMICS AB Structural behavior and phase transitions in the A-cation deficient perovskite-like solid solutions (1 - x)LaMg0.5Ti0.5O3-xLa2/3TiO3 (0 <= X <= 0.5) were studied to reveal crystal-chemical factors associated with the marked variation of dielectric properties with x-value. Structures and phase transisitons were characterized using variable-temperature transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray powder diffraction combined with ambient temperature neutron powder diffraction measurements. The solid solutions feature a series of octahedral-tilting phase transitions and a B-site Mg/Ti order-disorder phase transition; the temperatures of these transitions decreased with increasing x. Additionally, short-range ordering of A-site vacancies was detected for x > 0.40 using high-resolution TEM. The reported compositional dependence of the dielectric response was found to correlate with changes in octahedral tilting, B-site ordering, and short-range ordering of A-site vacancies. A phase diagram summarizing ordering and displacive phase transitions was determined from variable-temperature diffraction and imaging experiments. Among the tilting transitions, a relatively uncommon first-order phase transition between structures exhibiting orthorhombic (a(+)b(-)b(-) and a(0)b(-)c(-)) and rhombohedral (a(-)a(-)a(-)) tilt systems was observed; the rhombohedral tilt was stabilized at room temperature for x = 0.50. Raman spectra of the solid solutions revealed previously unreported anomalous asymmetric broadening of certain peaks associated with B-site ordering. This broadening, which occurred even for the samples exhibiting significant long-range Mg/Ti order and large anti-phase ordered domains, was attributed to a decreasing phonon correlation length caused by strong heterogeneity of the B-site order parameter within each anti-phase domain. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 12 BP 3273 EP 3280 DI 10.1021/cm040389f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 934VO UT WOS:000229737300033 ER PT J AU Hamel, OS AF Hamel, OS TI Immunosuppression in progeny of chinook salmon infected with Renibacterium salmoninarum: re-analysis of a brood stock segregation experiment SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE immunosuppression; Renibacterium salmoninarum; bacterial kidney disease; p57; cell mediated immunity; temperature; immunotolerance ID BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; WATER TEMPERATURE; STEELHEAD TROUT(SALMO-GAIRDNERI); AEROMONAS-SALMONICIDA; TSHAWYTSCHA; EGGS; TRANSMISSION; PREVALENCE AB Female spawner infection level and temperature variation through rearing are sufficient to explain in-hatchery mortality rates and infection levels and smolt to adult return ratios (SARs) of progeny of Renibacterium salmoninarum infected spring chinook salmon. Data from published reports and manuscripts regarding a 1988 brood stock segregation experiment that held progeny of highly infected female spring chinook salmon spawners separate from progeny of other spawners during 16 mo of hatchery rearing are analyzed to test the hypothesis that immunosuppression could account for differences in survival and infection levels between the 2 segregates. Immunosuppression, caused by the presence of the p57 antigen of R. salmoninarum in sufficient concentration within the salmon egg before spawning, can account for differences in infection levels, mortality rates, and SARs for each hatchery raceway in that study. This immunosuppression may be characterized by immunotolerance, or might only affect cell mediated immunity, which appears the most effective defense mechanism against R. salmoninarum infection, as antibody production can result in tissue damaging antibody-antigen complexes. Low-temperature mediated immunosuppression can account for the nearly identical trajectories of infection and mortality between the 2 segregates during the first 8 mo of hatchery rearing. There is no evidence of widespread vertical infection from spawner to progeny, nor is there evidence that brood stock segregation reduces overall mortality. Rather, the suppression of cell-mediated immune mechanisms may condemn progeny of highly infected female spawners to an almost certain eventual premature demise. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Hamel, OS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM owen.hamel@noaa.gov OI Hamel, Owen/0000-0002-6024-7211 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 65 IS 1 BP 29 EP 41 DI 10.3354/dao065029 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 958VE UT WOS:000231475500005 PM 16042041 ER PT J AU Brennen, GK Pupillo, G Rey, AM Clark, CW Williams, CJ AF Brennen, GK Pupillo, G Rey, AM Clark, CW Williams, CJ TI Scalable register initialization for quantum computing in an optical lattice SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOSONIC ATOMS; TRANSITION; SUPERFLUID; INSULATOR; STATE AB The Mott insulator state created by loading an atomic Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) into an optical lattice may be used as a means to prepare a register of atomic qubits in a quantum computer. Such architecture requires a lattice commensurately filled with atoms, which corresponds to the insulator state only in the limit of zero inter-well tunnelling. We show that a lattice with spatial inhomogeneity created by a quadratic magnetic trapping potential can be used to isolate a subspace in the centre which is impervious to hole-hoping. Components of the wavefunction with more than one atom in any well can be projected out by selective measurement on a molecular photo-associative transition. Maintaining the molecular coupling can sustain a commensurately filled register for the duration of a quantum computation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Brennen, GK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Brennen, Gavin/C-2293-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Brennen, Gavin/0000-0002-6019-966X NR 19 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD JUN 14 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 11 BP 1687 EP 1694 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/11/010 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 947GR UT WOS:000230631900012 ER PT J AU Ijiri, Y Kelly, CV Borchers, JA Rhyne, JJ Farrell, DF Majetich, SA AF Ijiri, Y Kelly, CV Borchers, JA Rhyne, JJ Farrell, DF Majetich, SA TI Detection of spin coupling in iron nanoparticles with small angle neutron scattering SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; FE; PARTICLES; DISORDER; ALLOYS; MODEL AB Aggregates of monodisperse iron-based nanoparticles were investigated by small-angle neutron scattering. The field dependence of the scattering intensity showed marked differences for particles depending on size and degree of oxidation. The angular dependence of the intensity indicated magnetic regions within an oxidized sample with spins perpendicular to the applied field, which dominated the scattering at the diffraction peak. The unexpected results are interpreted in terms of an iron core that is exchange coupled to an iron oxide shell. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Manuel Lujan Jr Neutron Scattering Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Ijiri, Y (reprint author), Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. EM yumi.ijiri@oberlin.edu; sm70@andrew.cmu.edu RI Kelly, Christopher/J-1206-2014; Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015 OI Kelly, Christopher/0000-0003-0886-8691; Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 24 AR 243102 DI 10.1063/1.1947906 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 934HU UT WOS:000229700700050 ER PT J AU Mirowski, E Moreland, J Zhang, A Russek, SE Donahue, MJ AF Mirowski, E Moreland, J Zhang, A Russek, SE Donahue, MJ TI Manipulation and sorting of magnetic particles by a magnetic force microscope on a microfluidic magnetic trap platform SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SOFT LITHOGRAPHY; MICROMANIPULATION; TWEEZERS; SYSTEMS AB We have integrated a microfluidic magnetic trap platform with an external magnetic force microscope (MFM) cantilever. The MFM cantilever tip serves as a magnetorobotic arm that provides a translatable local magnetic field gradient to capture and move magnetic particles with nanometer precision. The MFM electronics have been programmed to sort an initially random distribution of particles by moving them within an array of magnetic trapping elements. We measured the maximum velocity at which the particles can be translated to be 2.2 mm/s +/- 0.1 mm/s, which can potentially permit a sorting rate of approximately 5500 particles/min. We determined a magnetic force of 35.3 +/- 2.0 pN acting on a 1 mu m diameter particle by measuring the hydrodynamic drag force necessary to free the particle. Release of the particles from the MFM tip is made possible by a nitride membrane that separates the arm and magnetic trap elements from the particle solution. This platform has potential applications for magnetic-based sorting, manipulation, and probing of biological molecules in a constant-displacement or a constant-force mode. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moreland, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM moreland@boulder.nist.gov NR 13 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 13 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 24 AR 243901 DI 10.1063/1.1947368 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 934HU UT WOS:000229700700061 ER PT J AU Wietfeldt, FE Fisher, BM Trull, C Jones, GL Collet, B Goldin, L Yerozolimsky, BG Wilson, R Balashov, S Mostovoy, Y Komives, A Leuschner, M Byrne, J Bateman, FB Dewey, MS Nico, JS Thompson, AK AF Wietfeldt, FE Fisher, BM Trull, C Jones, GL Collet, B Goldin, L Yerozolimsky, BG Wilson, R Balashov, S Mostovoy, Y Komives, A Leuschner, M Byrne, J Bateman, FB Dewey, MS Nico, JS Thompson, AK TI A method for an improved measurement of the electron-antineutrino correlation in free neutron beta decay SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE beta decay; neutron decay; CKM unitarity ID CORRELATION-COEFFICIENTS; STANDARD-MODEL; SPECTRUM; ENERGY; TESTS AB The angular correlation between the beta electron and antineutrino in nuclear beta decay is characterized by the dimensionless parameter a. The value of a for free neutron decay, when combined with other neutron decay parameters, can be used to determine the weak vector and axial vector coupling constants g(V) and g(A) and test the validity and self-consistency of the Electroweak Standard Model. Previous experiments that measured a in neutron decay relied on precise proton spectroscopy and were limited by systematic effects at about the 5% level. We present a new approach to measuring a for which systematic uncertainties promise to be much smaller. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Hamilton Coll, Dept Phys, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Kurchatov Inst, Moscow, Russia. Depauw Univ, Dept Phys, Greencastle, IN 46135 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Univ Sussex, Brighton BN1 9RH, E Sussex, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rutherford Appleton Lab, Particle Phys Dept, Didcot, Oxon, England. EM few@tulane.edu NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUN 11 PY 2005 VL 545 IS 1-2 BP 181 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.339 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 937UA UT WOS:000229950000014 ER PT J AU Kogan, F Yang, BJ Wei, G Pei, ZY Jiao, XF AF Kogan, F Yang, BJ Wei, G Pei, ZY Jiao, XF TI Modelling corn production in China using AVHRR-based vegetation health indices SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID YIELD AB Weather-related crop losses have always been a concern for farmers, governments, traders and policy makers for the purpose of balanced food supplies, demands, trade, and distribution of aid to nations in need. Therefore, early crop loss assessment in response to weather fluctuations is an important issue. This paper discusses the utility of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR)-based vegetation health indices as a proxy for modelling corn yield and for early warning of drought-related losses of agricultural production in China. The indices were tested in Jilin province on corn yield during 1982-2001 using correlation and regression analysis. A strong correlation between corn yield and the vegetation health indices were found during the critical period of corn growth, which starts 2-3 weeks before and 2-3 weeks after corn tassel. Following the results of correlation analysis, several regression equations were constructed where vegetation health indices were used as independent variables. The estimates of corn yield can be carried out well in advance of harvest and the errors of the estimates are 7-10%. The errors become smaller when the estimations are related to losses in corn yield due to drought. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Minist Agr, Ctr Agr Resource Monitoring, Beijing 100026, Peoples R China. IM Syst Grp Inc, Washington, DC USA. RP Kogan, F (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM felix.kogan@noaa.gov RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441 NR 15 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 26 IS 11 BP 2325 EP 2336 DI 10.1080/01431160500034235 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 947LP UT WOS:000230646900006 ER PT J AU Seal, K Sarychev, AK Noh, H Genov, DA Yamilov, A Shalaev, VM Ying, ZC Cao, H AF Seal, K Sarychev, AK Noh, H Genov, DA Yamilov, A Shalaev, VM Ying, ZC Cao, H TI Near-field intensity correlations in semicontinuous metal-dielectric films SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL-EXCITATIONS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; MICROSCOPY; SURFACES AB Spatial intensity correlation functions are obtained from near-field scanning optical microscope measurements of semicontinuous metal-dielectric films. The concentration of metal particles on a dielectric surface is varied over a wide range to control the scattering strength. At low and high metal coverages where scattering is weak, the intensity correlation functions exhibit oscillations in the direction of incident light due to excitation of propagating surface waves. In the intermediate regime of metal concentration, the oscillatory behavior is replaced by a monotonic decay as a result of strong scattering and anomalous absorption. Significant differences in the near-field intensity correlations between metallic and dielectric random systems are demonstrated. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Ethertron Inc, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seal, K (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. RI Cao, Hui/F-4815-2012 NR 23 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUN 10 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 22 AR 226101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.226101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 934HV UT WOS:000229700800044 ER PT J AU Flewelling, LJ Naar, JP Abbott, JP Baden, DG Barros, NB Bossart, GD Bottein, MYD Hammond, DG Haubold, EM Heil, CA Henry, MS Jacocks, HM Leighfield, TA Pierce, RH Pitchford, TD Rommel, SA Scott, PS Steidinger, KA Truby, EW Van Dolah, FM Landsberg, JH AF Flewelling, LJ Naar, JP Abbott, JP Baden, DG Barros, NB Bossart, GD Bottein, MYD Hammond, DG Haubold, EM Heil, CA Henry, MS Jacocks, HM Leighfield, TA Pierce, RH Pitchford, TD Rommel, SA Scott, PS Steidinger, KA Truby, EW Van Dolah, FM Landsberg, JH TI Brevetoxicosis: Red tides and marine mammal mortalities SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID DINOFLAGELLATE C1 Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Flewelling, LJ (reprint author), Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM naarj@uncw.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES010594, P01 ES010594-05] NR 9 TC 196 Z9 204 U1 5 U2 82 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JUN 9 PY 2005 VL 435 IS 7043 BP 755 EP 756 DI 10.1038/nature435755a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 933NK UT WOS:000229638700036 PM 15944690 ER PT J AU Kreidenweis, SM Koehler, K DeMott, PJ Prenni, AJ Carrico, C Ervens, B AF Kreidenweis, SM Koehler, K DeMott, PJ Prenni, AJ Carrico, C Ervens, B TI Water activity and activation diameters from hygroscopicity data - Part I: Theory and application to inorganic salts SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CLOUD CONDENSATION NUCLEI; CRITICAL SUPERSATURATION; AEROSOL-PARTICLES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; THERMODYNAMIC MODEL; GROWTH MEASUREMENTS; HUMIDIFIED TDMA; SURFACE-TENSION; DROPLETS; ACIDS AB A method is described that uses particle hygroscopicity measurements, made with a humidified tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTDMA), to determine solution water activity as a function of composition. The use of derived water activity data in computations determining the ability of aerosols to serve as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is explored. Results for sodium chloride and ammonium sulfate are shown in Part I. The methodology yields solution water activities and critical dry diameters for ammonium sulfate and sodium chloride in good agreement with previously published data. The approach avoids the assumptions required for application of simplified and modified Kohler equations to predict CCN activity, most importantly, knowledge of the molecular weight and the degree of dissociation of the soluble species. Predictions of the dependence of water activity on the mass fraction of aerosol species are sensitive to the assumed dry density, but predicted critical dry diameters are not. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO 80503 USA. RP Koehler, K (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM kkoehler@lamar.colostate.edu RI Prenni, Anthony/A-6820-2011; DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Kreidenweis, Sonia/E-5993-2011 OI DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635; Kreidenweis, Sonia/0000-0002-2561-2914 NR 31 TC 111 Z9 112 U1 4 U2 39 PU EUROPEAN GEOSCIENCES UNION PI KATLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, 37191 KATLENBURG-LINDAU, GERMANY SN 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 2005 VL 5 BP 1357 EP 1370 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 933FY UT WOS:000229615500001 ER PT J AU Dong, F Uy, D Davis, S Child, M Nesbitt, DJ AF Dong, F Uy, D Davis, S Child, M Nesbitt, DJ TI Supersonically cooled hydronium ions in a slit-jet discharge: High-resolution infrared spectroscopy and tunneling dynamics of HD2O+ SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID 3-BODY ASSOCIATION REACTIONS; SIDE-BAND SPECTROSCOPY; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; OVERTONE SPECTROSCOPY; EQUILIBRIUM STRUCTURE; INVERSION SPECTRUM; DEUTERATED AMMONIA; MOLECULAR-IONS; ENERGY-LEVELS; H3O+ AB Jet-cooled high-resolution infrared spectra of partially deuterated hydronium ion (HD2O+) in the O-H stretch region (nu(3) band) are obtained for the first time, exploiting the high ion densities, long absorption path lengths, and concentration modulation capabilities of the slit-jet discharge spectrometer. Least-squares analysis with a Watson asymmetric top Hamiltonian yields rovibrational constants and provides high level tests of ab initio molecular structure predictions. Transitions out of both the lower (nu(3)(+)<- 0(+)) and the upper (nu(3)(-)<- 0(-)) tunneling levels, as well as transitions across the tunneling gap (nu(3)(-)<- 0(+)) are observed. The nu(3)(-)<- 0(+) transitions in HD2O+ acquire oscillator strength by loss of D-3h symmetry, and permit both ground-state-[27.0318(72) cm(-1)] and excited-state-[17.7612(54) cm(-1)]-tunneling splittings to be determined to spectroscopic precision from a single rovibrational band. The splittings and band origins calculated with recent high level ab initio six-dimensional potential surface predictions for H3O+ and isotopomers [X. C. Huang, S. Carter, and J. M. Bowman, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 5431 (2003); T. Rajamaki, A. Miani, and L. Halonen, J. Chem. Phys. 118, 10929 (2003)] are in very good agreement with the current experimental results. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 64 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 8 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 22 AR 224301 DI 10.1063/1.1924699 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 936LW UT WOS:000229858500020 PM 15974662 ER PT J AU Lohmann, MS AF Lohmann, MS TI Application of dynamical error estimation for statistical optimization of radio occultation bending angles SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE; INVERSION; VALIDATION AB [1] Errors in stratospheric bending angles retrieved from GPS radio occultations can be significantly reduced by using statistical optimization. In order for this technique to work optimally, the error covariance of the observations and the error covariance of the first guess must be known. This is generally not the case, and it is therefore common practice to assume that each of these errors is uncorrelated. In this study, it is shown that when this assumption is applied together with dynamical error estimation, it is important to account for the fact that first guess and the observation bending angle errors are not damped equally when refractivity profiles are computed through the Abel transform. It is demonstrated that this difference in damping can be accounted for by scaling the ratio of observation to first-guess bending angle error variances. It is shown that the scaling factor can be related to the ratio between the error correlation lengths of the observation errors and the first-guess errors. We present a simple procedure where both correlation lengths and variances are estimated dynamically and are scaled as described above. It is found that the relative errors can be reduced by up to 30% when compared to a standard statistical optimization scheme where the relative error in the first-guess bending angle profile is assumed to be 20%. However, it was also found that if the first guess is properly adjusted, the need for corrections is greatly reduced. C1 NOAA, JCSDA, NESDIS, WWB, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Lohmann, MS (reprint author), NOAA, JCSDA, NESDIS, WWB, Rm 702,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM martin.lohmann@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD JUN 8 PY 2005 VL 40 IS 3 AR RS3011 DI 10.1029/2004RS003117 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 937ZI UT WOS:000229966900001 ER PT J AU Loos, K Kennedy, SB Eidelman, N Tai, Y Zharnikov, M Amis, EJ Ulman, A Gross, RA AF Loos, K Kennedy, SB Eidelman, N Tai, Y Zharnikov, M Amis, EJ Ulman, A Gross, RA TI Combinatorial approach to study enzyme/surface interactions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SOL-GEL-MATERIALS; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; X-RAY; HETEROGENEOUS BIOCATALYSTS; ALKANETHIOL MONOLAYERS; POLYMER SURFACE; LIPASE; PHOTOOXIDATION; GOLD AB A fast combinatorial approach to access information about the immobilization behavior and kinetics of enzymes on a variation of surfaces is presented. As a test system, Candida Antarctica Lipase B was immobilized on a self-assembled monolayer bearing a gradient of surface energy. The respective immobilization behavior was monitored by Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. In addition, the activity of the immobilized enzyme was monitored over the entire film in real time with a specially developed fluorescence activity assay embedded into a siloxane gel. It was found that the highest amount of active protein was immobilized on the hydrophilic end of the gradient surface. This effect is associated with a higher surface roughness of this area resulting in hydrophobic microenviroments in which the enzyme gets immobilized. C1 Polytech Univ, Othmer Dept Chem & Biol Sci & Engn, Metrotech Ctr 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Garcia MRSEC Polymers Engineered Interfaces, Natl Sci Fdn,Ctr Biocatalysis & Bioproc Macromol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Gross, RA (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Othmer Dept Chem & Biol Sci & Engn, Metrotech Ctr 6, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM r.gross@polv.edu RI Loos, Katja/B-9792-2008 OI Loos, Katja/0000-0002-4613-1159 NR 50 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUN 7 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 12 BP 5237 EP 5241 DI 10.1021/la0469304 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 934OK UT WOS:000229717900002 PM 15924442 ER PT J AU Bubeck, RA Dvornic, PR Hu, J Hexemer, A Li, XF Keinath, SE Fischer, DA AF Bubeck, RA Dvornic, PR Hu, J Hexemer, A Li, XF Keinath, SE Fischer, DA TI Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) studies of copper ion-containing PAMAMOS dendrimer networks SO MACROMOLECULAR CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE dendrimer networks; dendrimers; nanocomposites; NEXAFS; PAMAMOS ID CORE EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY; COORDINATION CHEMISTRY; STARBURST DENDRIMERS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MODEL COMPOUNDS; COMPLEXES; SPECTRA; EPR; POLY(ETHYLENE-TEREPHTHALATE); SPECTROMICROSCOPY AB The interaction of Cu2+ with C, N and O moieties in nanocomposites containing copper ions complexed in poly(amidoamine-organosilicon), PAMAMOS, dendrimer networks was characterized using near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). The effects on the 1s -> pi* and 1s -> sigma* orbital transitions were determined at the C, N and O K edges. The influence of Cu2+ on the transitions of 1s -> pi*(N-H) at 401 eV, and 1s -> sigma*(N-C) type transitions at 412 eV within the N edge increased with increasing Cu2+ content up to the theoretical limit of the copper-accommodating capacity of the PAMAMOS dendrimer used. As ligands, the carbonyls were found to saturate at much lower Cu2+ concentrations compared with those associated with N. C1 Michigan Mol Inst, Midland, MI 48640 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bubeck, RA (reprint author), Michigan Mol Inst, 1910 W St Andrews Rd, Midland, MI 48640 USA. EM bubeck@mmi.org NR 45 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1022-1352 J9 MACROMOL CHEM PHYSIC JI Macromol. Chem. Phys. PD JUN 7 PY 2005 VL 206 IS 11 BP 1146 EP 1153 DI 10.1002/macp.200400341 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 934VQ UT WOS:000229737500010 ER PT J AU Chong, Y Dresselhaus, PD Benz, SP AF Chong, Y Dresselhaus, PD Benz, SP TI Electrical properties of Nb-MoSi2-Nb josephson junctions SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VOLTAGE STANDARDS AB We present a detailed study of the electrical properties of planar Nb-MOSi2-Nb Josephson junctions. The Nb-MoSi2-Nb junction is an excellent system to study proximity coupling in junctions with rigid superconductor/normal metal boundaries by precisely and independently controlling the barrier thickness and the temperature. With regard to applications, the Josephson properties are very reproducible, and the characteristic voltage can be tuned easily over more than two orders of magnitude while still maintaining a practical critical current density. The characteristic voltage can be controlled within +/- 5% at 4 K, with an exponential dependence on the barrier thickness. The proximity-coupled junction theory fits the temperature dependence of the critical current density, allowing us to quantitatively extract material parameters. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chong, Y (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Taejon 305600, South Korea. EM yonuk@kriss.re.kr NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUN 6 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 23 AR 232505 DI 10.1063/1.1947386 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 939QL UT WOS:000230087400035 ER PT J AU Phinney, KW Ihara, T Sander, LC AF Phinney, KW Ihara, T Sander, LC TI Determination of ephedrine alkaloid stereoisomers in dietary supplements by capillary electrophoresis SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE ephedrine; stereoisomers; capillary electrophoresis ID ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANIONIC CYCLODEXTRINS; COMMERCIAL SAMPLES; WEIGHT-LOSS; MA-HUANG; SEPARATION; DRUGS; PERFORMANCE AB Three complementary capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods were developed for the separation and quantification of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine stereoisomers. Either single or dual cyclodextrin-based chiral selector systems provided enantioselective separation of the compounds of interest. The three methods were applied to the analysis of a suite of five standard reference materials (SRMs) containing ephedra. Use of a high-sensitivity UV detection cell enhanced quantification of the analytes of interest over the wide range of concentrations encountered in the SRMs. Results for (-)-ephedrine ranged from 0.31 to 76.43 mg/g, and for (+)-pseudoephedrine ranged from 0.049 to 9.23 mg/g in the materials studied. Results from the three methods agreed well with each other and with the results from other methods of analysis. The addition of known amounts of specific enantiomers was used to confirm the enantiomerie identity of the analytes. The results obtained by the three CE methods were utilized for value assignment of the ephedrine alkaloid content of these five SRMs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phinney, KW (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karen.phinney@nist.gov NR 28 TC 43 Z9 44 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 1077 IS 1 BP 90 EP 97 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.04.068 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 933WK UT WOS:000229663400011 PM 15988991 ER PT J AU Halthore, RN Crisp, D Schwartz, SE Anderson, GP Berk, A Bonnel, B Boucher, O Chang, FL Chou, MD Clothiaux, EE Dubuisson, P Fomin, B Fouquart, Y Freidenreich, S Gautier, C Kato, S Laszlo, I Li, Z Mather, JH Plana-Fattori, A Ramaswamy, V Ricchiazzi, P Shiren, Y Trishchenko, A Wiscombe, W AF Halthore, RN Crisp, D Schwartz, SE Anderson, GP Berk, A Bonnel, B Boucher, O Chang, FL Chou, MD Clothiaux, EE Dubuisson, P Fomin, B Fouquart, Y Freidenreich, S Gautier, C Kato, S Laszlo, I Li, Z Mather, JH Plana-Fattori, A Ramaswamy, V Ricchiazzi, P Shiren, Y Trishchenko, A Wiscombe, W TI Intercomparison of shortwave radiative transfer codes and measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; INHOMOGENEOUS ATMOSPHERES; CLOUD ABSORPTION; WATER-VAPOR; MODELS; SURFACE; PARAMETERIZATION; CLIMATE; APPROXIMATION; IRRADIANCE AB [1] Computation of components of shortwave ( SW) or solar irradiance in the surface-atmospheric system forms the basis of intercomparison between 16 radiative transfer models of varying spectral resolution ranging from line-by-line models to broadband and general circulation models. In order of increasing complexity the components are: direct solar irradiance at the surface, diffuse irradiance at the surface, diffuse upward flux at the surface, and diffuse upward flux at the top of the atmosphere. These components allow computation of the atmospheric absorptance. Four cases are considered from pure molecular atmospheres to atmospheres with aerosols and atmosphere with a simple uniform cloud. The molecular and aerosol cases allow comparison of aerosol forcing calculation among models. A cloud-free case with measured atmospheric and aerosol properties and measured shortwave radiation components provides an absolute basis for evaluating the models. For the aerosol-free and cloud-free dry atmospheres, models agree to within 1% ( root mean square deviation as a percentage of mean) in broadband direct solar irradiance at surface; the agreement is relatively poor at 5% for a humid atmosphere. A comparison of atmospheric absorptance, computed from components of SW radiation, shows that agreement among models is understandably much worse at 3% and 10% for dry and humid atmospheres, respectively. Inclusion of aerosols generally makes the agreement among models worse than when no aerosols are present, with some exceptions. Modeled diffuse surface irradiance is higher than measurements for all models for the same model inputs. Inclusion of an optically thick low-cloud in a tropical atmosphere, a stringent test for multiple scattering calculations, produces, in general, better agreement among models for a low solar zenith angle ( SZA = 30 degrees) than for a high SZA ( 75 degrees). All models show about a 30% increase in broadband absorptance for 30 degrees SZA relative to the clear-sky case and almost no enhancement in absorptance for a higher SZA of 75 degrees, possibly due to water vapor line saturation in the atmosphere above the cloud. C1 USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA 01803 USA. Univ Lille 1, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Littoral Cote dOpale, ELICO, F-62930 Wimereux, France. IV Kurchatov Atom Energy Inst, Moscow 123182, Russia. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Hampton Univ, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Atmosfer, Inst Astron & Geofis, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, Brazil. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11794 USA. Natl Resources Canada, Canada Ctr Remote Sensing, Ottawa, ON K1A 0Y7, Canada. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Climate & Radiat Branch, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Halthore, RN (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM halthore@nrl.navy.mil RI Boucher, Olivier/J-5810-2012; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Boucher, Olivier/K-7483-2012; Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012; Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010 OI Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Boucher, Olivier/0000-0003-2328-5769; Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849; Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X NR 61 TC 62 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 3 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D11 AR D11206 DI 10.1029/2004JD005293 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 936BY UT WOS:000229829400001 ER PT J AU Engebretson, MJ Onsager, TG Rowland, DE Denton, RE Posch, JL Russell, CT Chi, PJ Arnoldy, RL Anderson, BJ Fukunishi, H AF Engebretson, MJ Onsager, TG Rowland, DE Denton, RE Posch, JL Russell, CT Chi, PJ Arnoldy, RL Anderson, BJ Fukunishi, H TI On the source of Pc1-2 waves in the plasma mantle SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FLUX-TRANSFER EVENTS; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; MOVING AURORAL FORMS; HIGH-ALTITUDE CUSP; MAGNETIC-FIELD; HF-RADAR; POLAR CUSP; BOW-SHOCK; SUPRATHERMAL IONS; EARTHS FORESHOCK AB [1] Several ground-based observational studies have reported unstructured Pc1-2 waves near and poleward of the dayside cusp. Dyrud et al. ( 1997) were the first to suggest that these waves originated in the high-altitude plasma mantle. We report here on simultaneous field and particle observations from the Polar satellite and from ground magnetometer data that confirm the presence of these "mantle'' waves and characterize the ion distributions associated with them. Unstructured Pc1-2 waves were found to occur during 45% of the available passes of Polar across the mantle during the interval March - May 2000, during which time the orbit of Polar was near local noon as it crossed these latitudes. Poynting vector calculations using Polar electric and magnetic field data show a mixture of upward and downward energy flux in the cusp but consistently downward flux when mantle waves are observed. This is consistent with earlier observations that ground-based magnetometers can detect such mantle waves but not the more intense wave activity observed by spacecraft in the middle- and low-altitude cusp. In situ particle observations from the Hydra instrument appear to confirm the generation mechanism suggested by Dyrud et al. that cusp particles mirroring at low altitudes and then traveling outward in the plasma mantle poleward of the cusp are the source of the free energy for these waves. Quantitative estimates of ion cyclotron instability of the observed ion distributions suggest they are stable at the <= 9 R-E altitudes traversed by Polar but may be reasonably inferred to be unstable in the exterior mantle, a location consistent with their observed frequency. C1 Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Tohoku Univ, Dept Geophys, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 98077, Japan. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. RP Augsburg Coll, Dept Phys, Minneapolis, MN 55454 USA. EM engebret@augsburg.edu; terry.onsager@noaa.gov; rowland@belka.space.umn.edu; richard.e.denton@mailhub.dartmouth.edu; posch@augsburg.edu; ctrussell@igpp.ucla.edu; pchi@igpp.ucla.edu; roger.arnoldy@unh.edu; brian.anderson@jhuapl.edu; fuku@pat.geophys.tohoku.ac.jp RI Rowland, Douglas/F-5589-2012; Anderson, Brian/I-8615-2012 OI Rowland, Douglas/0000-0003-0948-6257; NR 57 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUN 2 PY 2005 VL 110 IS A6 AR A06201 DI 10.1029/2004JA010515 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 936CK UT WOS:000229831000001 ER PT J AU Bellayer, S Gilman, JW Eidelman, N Bourbigot, S Flambard, X Fox, DM De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Bellayer, S Gilman, JW Eidelman, N Bourbigot, S Flambard, X Fox, DM De Long, HC Trulove, PC TI Preparation of homogeneously dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotube/polystyrene nanocomposites via melt extrusion using trialkyl imidazolium compatibilizer SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID IONIC LIQUID; NANOTUBES; COMPOSITES; SURFACTANT; FUNCTIONALIZATION; POLYSTYRENE; STRENGTH; FILMS; LOAD AB Well-dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT)/polystyrene nanocomposites have been prepared via melt extrusion, using trialkylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate-compatibilized MWNTs. Quantification of the improvements realized via transmission electron microscopy and laser scanning confocal microscopy image analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry and Fourier-transform infrared and X-ray diffraction analysis show evidence for a pi-cation, nanotube-imidazolium interaction and the conversion from an interdigitated bilayer, for the imidazolium salt to an ordered lamellar structure, for the imidazolium on the surface of the MWNTs. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. ENSCL, PERF, F-59652 Villeneuve Dascq, France. Lab ENSAIT GEMTEX, F-59056 Roubaix, France. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov OI Bourbigot, Serge/0000-0003-1536-2015 NR 38 TC 147 Z9 152 U1 5 U2 59 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 910 EP 916 DI 10.1002/adfm.200400441 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934KW UT WOS:000229708700003 ER PT J AU Smart, WD Tejada, S Maxwell, B Stroupe, A Casper, J Jacoff, A Yanco, H Bugajska, M AF Smart, WD Tejada, S Maxwell, B Stroupe, A Casper, J Jacoff, A Yanco, H Bugajska, M TI The 2004 mobile robot competition and exhibition SO AI MAGAZINE LA English DT Article AB The thirteenth AAAI Mobile Robot Competition and Exhibition was once again collocated with AAAI-2204, in San Jose, California. As in previous years, the robot events drew competitors from both academia and industry to showcase state-of-the-art mobile robot software and systems in four organized events. C1 Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. Univ New Orleans, Dept Comp Sci, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Swarthmore Coll, Swarthmore, PA 19081 USA. Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. NIST, Div Intelligent Syst, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Comp Sci, Lowell, MA USA. RP Smart, WD (reprint author), Washington Univ, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. EM wds@cse.wustl.edu; adam.jacoff@nist.gov; holly@cs.uml.edu; magda@aic.nrl.navy.mil NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ARTIFICIAL INTELL PI MENLO PK PA 445 BURGESS DRIVE, MENLO PK, CA 94025-3496 USA SN 0738-4602 J9 AI MAG JI AI Mag. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 26 IS 2 BP 25 EP 35 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA 936XU UT WOS:000229889700003 ER PT J AU Wise, SA Jinno, K Takeuchi, T AF Wise, SA Jinno, K Takeuchi, T TI Advances in separation science SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Toyohashi Univ Technol, Sch Mat Sci, Toyohashi, Aichi 4418580, Japan. Gifu Univ, Fac Engn, Dept Chem, Gifu 5011193, Japan. RP Wise, SA (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.wise@nist.gov; abcjinno@chrom.tutms.tut.ac.jp; takeuchi@apchem.gifu-u.ac.jp RI Jinno, Kiyokatsu/F-4124-2010 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 382 IS 3 BP 533 EP 534 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-3242-0 PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 932TQ UT WOS:000229576800001 ER PT J AU Colyer, C Kinkade, C Viskari, P Landers, J AF Colyer, C Kinkade, C Viskari, P Landers, J TI Analysis of cyanobacterial pigments and proteins by electrophoretic and chromatographic methods SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE cyanobacteria; chromatography; electrophoresis; phycobiliproteins; bilins; ectoenzymes; linker peptides; phycobilisomes ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; RHODOPHYTAN PHYCOERYTHRINS; MASTIGOCLADUS-LAMINOSUS; PHYCOBILISOME STRUCTURE; PORPHYRIDIUM-CRUENTUM; ALKALINE-PHOSPHATASE; LINKER POLYPEPTIDES AB Cyanobacteria are a diverse and ubiquitous group of prokaryotes with several unifying features. Amongst these is the macromolecular structure known as the phycobilisome, which is composed of water-soluble phycobiliproteins covalently bound by linker peptides or proteins in a configuration designed to optimize energy transfer to the photosynthetic reaction center of the organism. Phycobiliproteins are highly fluorescent by virtue of their covalently bound, linear tetrapyrrole chromophores known as bilins. Analysis of these prosthetic pigments, along with other non-water soluble pigments, such as the chlorophylls and carotenoids, can provide insight into microbial diversity. The effects of environmental growth conditions and stresses can also be probed by measuring pigment and protein concentrations. This review will focus, therefore, on applications of various chromatographic and electrophoretic methods for the analysis of cyanobacterial pigment and protein constituents. Although the greatest emphasis will be placed on the measurement of bilins and phycobiliproteins, this review will also consider other pigments and proteins important to cyanobacterial growth and survival, such as chlorophyll a, carotenoids, ectoenzymes, linker and membrane proteins, and extracellular proteins. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Chem, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Chem, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Colyer, C (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Chem, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM colyercl@wfu.edu NR 87 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 382 IS 3 BP 559 EP 569 DI 10.1007/s00216-004-3020-4 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 932TQ UT WOS:000229576800003 PM 15714301 ER PT J AU Phinney, KW AF Phinney, KW TI Enantioselective separations by packed column subcritical and supercritical fluid chromatography SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE chiral separation; chiral stationary phase; enantiomers; method development; preparative; SFC ID CHIRAL STATIONARY PHASES; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CARBON-DIOXIDE; UNIFIED CHROMATOGRAPHY; MOBILE PHASES; ENANTIOMERIC SEPARATIONS; DRUG ENANTIOMERS; RESOLUTION; SFC AB Enantioselective separations have been one of the most successful applications of supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC). Although analytical scale separations have dominated the literature, the use of SFC for preparative chiral separations is growing. Both analytical and preparative scale SFC separations seek to take advantage of the high efficiency, high throughput, and rapid method development associated with the technique. This review will cover recent developments in the application of SFC to enantioseparations. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phinney, KW (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karen.phinney@nist.gov NR 75 TC 40 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 13 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 382 IS 3 BP 639 EP 645 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-3074-y PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 932TQ UT WOS:000229576800008 PM 15717170 ER PT J AU Sander, LC Lippa, KA Wise, SA AF Sander, LC Lippa, KA Wise, SA TI Order and disorder in alkyl stationary phases SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE conformational order; stationary phase; alkyl-modified surface; Raman spectroscopy; nuclear magnetic resonance; molecular dynamics simulation ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SOLID-STATE NMR; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CHEMICALLY-MODIFIED SILICA; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; MIXED TRIFUNCTIONAL SILANES; C-18 BONDED PHASE AB Covalently modified surfaces represent a unique state of matter that is not well described by liquid or solid phase models. The chemical bond in tethered alkanes imparts order to the surface in the form of anisotropic properties that are evident in chromatographic and spectroscopic studies. An understanding of the structure, conformation, and organization of alkyl-modified surfaces is requisite to the design of improved materials and the optimal utilization of existing materials. In recent years, the study of alkyl-modified surfaces has benefited from advances in modern analytical instrumentation. Aspects of alkyl chain conformation and motion have been investigated through the use of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and neutron scattering studies. Chromatography provides complementary evidence of alkyl chain organization through interactions with solute probes. Computational simulations offer insights into the structure of covalently modified surfaces that may not be apparent through empirical observation. This manuscript reviews progress achieved in the study of the architecture of alkyl-modified surfaces. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sander, LC (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lane.sander@nist.gov NR 187 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 382 IS 3 BP 646 EP 668 DI 10.1007/s00216-005-3127-2 PG 23 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 932TQ UT WOS:000229576800009 PM 15827723 ER PT J AU Rimmer, C Sander, L Wise, S AF Rimmer, C Sander, L Wise, S TI Selectivity of long chain stationary phases in reversed phase liquid chromatography SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE stationary phases; LC; shape selectivity; carotenoids; tocopherols ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; AQUEOUS MOBILE-PHASE; CAROTENOID ISOMERS; COLUMN SELECTIVITY; RETENTION BEHAVIOR; TOCOPHEROL ISOMERS; SHAPE SELECTIVITY; HPLC COLUMNS; SEPARATION AB A series of commercial monomeric and polymeric C-18, C-27, and C-30 stationary phases were compared with immobilized poly(ethylene-co-acrylic acid) stationary phases synthesized in-house. The columns were characterized on the basis of methylene selectivity, silanol activity, metal activity, pore size, shape selectivity, and the ability to separate tocopherol isomers and carotenoid isomers. Monomeric and polymeric C-30 phases were shown to yield excellent separations of the tocopherol isomers while the polymeric C-30 and polyethylene phases were more appropriate to the separation of carotenoids. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rimmer, C (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM catherine.rimmer@nist.gov NR 40 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 382 IS 3 BP 698 EP 707 DI 10.1007/s00216-004-2858-9 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 932TQ UT WOS:000229576800013 PM 15578165 ER PT J AU Mahoney, CM AF Mahoney, CM TI Depth profiling of poly(L-lactic acid)/triblock copolymer blends with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONALIZED POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); SURFACE-COMPOSITION; POLY(IMIDESILOXANE) COPOLYMERS; ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; DRUG-DELIVERY; PROTEINS; RELEASE; BIOMATERIALS; NANOSPHERES AB Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry employing an SF5+ polyatomic primary ion source was utilized to obtain a series of in-depth profiles from PLLA/Pluronic-P104 (poly(ethylene oxide-co-propylene oxide) triblock copolymer) blends in attempts to quantify the in-depth surface segregated Pluronic region. The resultant in-depth profiles were consistent with theoretical models describing the surface segregated region in polymeric blends and copolymer systems, with a surface enriched Pluronic-P104 region, followed by a P104 depletion layer, and finally a constant composition bulk region. These results were consistent over a range of concentrations (1-25%). The depth profiles obtained using cluster SIMS were compared to information obtained using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The results demonstrate that, with cluster primary ion bombardment, we are for the first time able to quantify the polymeric composition as a function of depth within certain multicomponent polymer blends. This success can be attributed to the sputter characteristics of polyatomic primary ion bombardment (SF5+) as compared to monatomic primary ion beams. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Mahoney, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christine.mahoney@nist.gov NR 37 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 11 BP 3570 EP 3578 DI 10.1021/ac048274i PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 932OA UT WOS:000229561800030 PM 15924391 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Satterfield, MB Sniegoski, LT Welch, MJ AF Nelson, BC Satterfield, MB Sniegoski, LT Welch, MJ TI Simultaneous quantification of homocysteine and folate in human serum or plasma using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STABLE-ISOTOPE-DILUTION; CORONARY-ARTERY-DISEASE; IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION; SOLID-PHASE EXTRACTION; C-REACTIVE PROTEIN; FOLIC-ACID; 5-METHYLTETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID; CARDIOVASCULAR-DISEASE; VASCULAR-DISEASE; HEART-FAILURE AB A unified extraction and quantification procedure based on stable isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous determination of total homocysteine and folate (5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid and folic acid) levels in human serum and plasma. This is the first report documenting the simultaneous extraction and quantification of these structurally dissimilar analytes. Analytes are quantitatively isolated from samples (500 μ L) prior to LC/MS/MS analysis using a two-step stabilization process combined with C-18 solid-phase extraction. The method exhibits excellent linearity over 4 orders of magnitude for each analyte. Measurement repeatability (RSD, N = 2) ranged from 0.3% to 3% for all analytes over 1 day of analysis. Total method variability (RSD, N = 6) ranged from 0.7% to 10% for all analytes over three independent days of analysis. The accuracy and practical applicability of the method were demonstrated by applying the method to the quantitative determination of each analyte in a new NIST serum Standard Reference Material (NIST SRM 1955 Homocysteine and Folate in Frozen Human Serum) and in a small subset of normal donor plasma samples. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryant.nelson@nist.gov NR 49 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 20 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 11 BP 3586 EP 3593 DI 10.1021/ac050235z PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 932OA UT WOS:000229561800032 PM 15924393 ER PT J AU Simpson, JJ Hufford, GL Daly, C Berg, JS Fleming, MD AF Simpson, JJ Hufford, GL Daly, C Berg, JS Fleming, MD TI Comparing maps of mean monthly surface temperature and precipitation for Alaska and adjacent areas of Canada produced by two different methods SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE Arctic hydrology; surface temperature; precipitation; Arctic; climographs; boreal forest; coastal rain forest; Alaska ID CLIMATE; GAUGE; ACCURACY; PATTERNS; SNOWFALL; MODEL AB Maps of mean monthly surface temperature and precipitation for Alaska and adjacent areas of Canada, produced by Oregon State University's Spatial Climate Analysis Service (SCAS) and the Alaska Geospatial Data Clearinghouse (AGDC), were analyzed. Because both sets of maps are generally available and in use by the community, there is a need to document differences between the processes and input data sets used by the two groups to produce their respective set of maps and to identify similarities and differences between the two sets of maps and possible reasons for the differences. These differences do not affect the observed large-scale patterns of seasonal and annual variability. Alaska is divided into interior and coastal zones, with consistent but different variability, separated by a transition region. The transition region has high interannual variability but low long-term mean variability. Both data sets support the four major ecosystems and ecosystem transition zone identified in our earlier work. Differences between the two sets of maps do occur, however, on the regional scale; they reflect differences in physiographic domains and in the treatment of these domains by the two groups (AGDC, SCAS). These differences also provide guidance for an improved observational network for Alaska. On the basis of validation with independent in situ data, we conclude that the data set produced by SCAS provides the best spatial coverage of Alaskan long-term mean monthly surface temperature and precipitation currently available. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Digital Image Anal Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Natl Weather Serv, Anchorage, AK 99513 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Spat Climate Anal Serv, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. USGS, EROS, Field Off, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. RP Simpson, JJ (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Digital Image Anal Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jsimpson@ucsd.edu NR 38 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 8 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 2 BP 137 EP 161 PG 25 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 938XE UT WOS:000230035900004 ER PT J AU Taylor, MK Laake, J McLoughlin, PD Born, EW Cluff, HD Ferguson, SH Rosing-Asvid, A Schweinsburg, R Messier, F AF Taylor, MK Laake, J McLoughlin, PD Born, EW Cluff, HD Ferguson, SH Rosing-Asvid, A Schweinsburg, R Messier, F TI Demography and viability of a hunted population of polar bears SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE demography; harvest; mark-recapture; polar bear; Ursus maritimus; population viability analysis; program MARK; recruitment; survival ID URSUS-MARITIMUS; NORTHWEST-TERRITORIES; ECOLOGY; RATES; SIZE; ICE AB We estimated demographic parameters and harvest risks for a population of polar bears (Ursus maritimus) inhabiting Baffin Bay, Canada and Greenland, from 1974 to 1997. Our demographic analysis included a detailed assessment of age- and sex-specific survival and recruitment from 1221 marked polar bears, which used information contained within the standing age distribution of captures and mark-recapture analysis performed with Program MARK. Unharvested (natural) survival rates for females ( 1 SE) from mark-recapture analysis were 0.620 +/- 0.095 (cubs), 0.938 +/- 0.042 (ages 1-4), 0.953 +/- 0.020 (ages 5-20), and 0.919 +/- 0.046 (ages 21 +). Total (harvested) survival rates for females were reduced to 0.600 +/- 0.096 (cubs), 0.901 +/- 0.045 (ages 1-4), 0.940 +/- 0.021 (ages 5-20), and 0.913 +/- 0.047 (ages 21 +). Mean litter size was 1.59 +/- 0.07 cubs, with a mean reproductive interval of 2.5 +/- 0.01 years. By age 5, on average 0.88 +/- 0.40 of females were producing litters. We estimated the geometric means (+/- bootstrapped SDs) for population growth rates at stable age distribution as 1.055 +/- 0.011 (unharvested) and 1.019 +/- 0.015 (harvested). The model-averaged, mark-recapture estimate of mean abundance (+/- SE) for years 1994-97 was 2074 266 bears, which included 1017 192 females and 1057 124 males. We incorporated demographic parameters and their error terms into a harvest risk analysis designed to consider demographic, process, and sampling uncertainty in generating likelihoods of persistence (i.e., a stochastic, harvest-explicit population viability analysis). Using our estimated harvest of polar bears in Baffin Bay (88 bears/yr), the probability that the population would decline no more than could be recovered in five years was 0.95, suggesting that the current hunt is sustainable. C1 Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Govt Nunavut, Dept Environm, Igloolik, NU X0A 0L0, Canada. Greenland Inst Nat Resources, DK-3900 Nuuk, Greenland. Govt NW Terr, Dept Resources Wildlife & Econ Dev, Yellowknife, NT X1A 2P9, Canada. RP McLoughlin, PD (reprint author), Univ Saskatchewan, Dept Biol, 112 Sci Pl, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. EM mcloughlin@sask.usask.ca NR 35 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 27 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 EI 1923-1245 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PD JUN PY 2005 VL 58 IS 2 BP 203 EP 214 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 938XE UT WOS:000230035900008 ER PT J AU Herczeg, GJ Walter, FM Linsky, JL Gahm, GF Ardila, DR Brown, A Johns-Krull, CM Simon, M Valenti, JA AF Herczeg, GJ Walter, FM Linsky, JL Gahm, GF Ardila, DR Brown, A Johns-Krull, CM Simon, M Valenti, JA TI The loopy ultraviolet line profiles of RU Lupi: Accretion, outflows, and fluorescence SO ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE accretion, accretion disks; circumstellar matter; line : identification; stars : individual (RU Lupi); stars : pre-main-sequence; ultraviolet : stars ID T-TAURI STARS; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS; INTERSTELLAR MOLECULAR-HYDROGEN; SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER SURVEY; CORONAL FORBIDDEN LINES; FINAL ARCHIVE SPECTRA; H-2 EMISSION; IUE ATLAS; DISK ACCRETION AB We present far-ultraviolet (FUV) spectra of the classical T Tauri star RU Lup covering the 912 - 1710 angstrom spectral range, as observed by the Hubble Space Telescope STIS and the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer satellite. We use these spectra, which are rich in emission and absorption lines, to probe both the accreting and outflowing gas. Absorption in the Ly alpha profile constrains the extinction to A(V) similar to 0.07 mag, which we confirm with other diagnostics. We estimate a mass accretion rate of ( 5 +/- 2) x 10(-8) M-. yr(-1) using the optical-NUV accretion continuum. The accreting gas is also detected in bright, broad lines of C IV, Si IV, and N v, which all show complex structures across the line profile. Many other emission lines, including those of H-2 and Fe II, are pumped by Ly alpha. RU Lup's spectrum varies significantly in the FUV; our STIS observations occurred when RU Lup was brighter than several other observations in the FUV, possibly because of a high mass accretion rate. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Phys & Astron, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. AlbaNova, Stockholm Observ, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Herczeg, GJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM gregoryh@casa.colorado.edu; fwalter@astro.sunysb.edu; jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu; gahm@astro.su.se; ardila@pha.jhu.edu; ab@casa.colorado.edu; cmj@rice.edu; msimon@astro.sunysb.edu; valenti@stsci.edu OI Herczeg, Gregory/0000-0002-7154-6065 NR 79 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-6256 J9 ASTRON J JI Astron. J. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 129 IS 6 BP 2777 EP 2791 DI 10.1086/430075 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 931FY UT WOS:000229472400022 ER PT J AU Zhang, KM Knipping, EM Wexler, AS Bhave, PV Tonnesen, GS AF Zhang, KM Knipping, EM Wexler, AS Bhave, PV Tonnesen, GS TI Size distribution of sea-salt emissions as a function of relative humidity SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE sea-salt; emission; size distribution; size correction; relative humidity; atmospheric modeling; aerosol thermodynamics ID AEROSOL; DEPOSITION; NITROGEN; SPRAY AB This note presents a straightforward method to correct sea-salt-emission particle-size distributions according to local relative humidity. The proposed method covers a wide range of relative humidity (0.45-0.99) and its derivation incorporates recent laboratory results on sea-salt properties. The formulas are given as functions of relative humidity and compared with growth factors derived from earlier theoretical work. Application of this method to several common open-ocean and surf-zone sea-salt-particle source functions is described. The resulting sea-salt-emission aerosol distributions can be used directly in atmospheric model simulations without further correction. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Elect Power Res Inst, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Ctr Environm Res & Technol, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. RP Wexler, AS (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM maxzhang@ucdavis.edu; aswexler@ucdavis.edu RI Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X NR 19 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 39 IS 18 BP 3373 EP 3379 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.02.032 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 940DX UT WOS:000230125000018 ER PT J AU Ebert, E Kusselson, S Turk, M AF Ebert, E Kusselson, S Turk, M TI Validation of Tropical Rainfall Potential (TRaP) forecasts for Australian tropical cyclones SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM; PRECIPITATION; VERIFICATION; LAPS AB Tropical Rainfall Potential (TRaP) forecasts provide estimates of 24 h rainfall accumulation in landfalling tropical cyclones based on the advection of a field of satellite-estimated precipitation. Validation of TRaP forecasts for five Australian tropical cyclones during the 2003-04 season showed significant skill in predicting heavy rainfall. The predictions of maximum rain at landfall compared well with gauge observations in most cases. In terms of spatial rain coverage and amount, the TRaPs based on data from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) performed noticeably better than those based on the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), giving higher correlations with the observations, more accurate estimates of rain area and conditional rain rate, and lower root mean squared errors. The TRaPs performed neither better nor worse than mesoscale numerical weather prediction models. A decomposition of the TRaP error for regions of heavy rain suggests that only a small portion was related to errors in the track forecasts. Pattern errors, which relate to the shape, size, and fine-scale structure of the forecast, accounted for about half of the total error, while rain volume error was about one-quarter of the total error. These relate to errors in the satellite rain-rate retrieval as well as the assumption of a steady state rain pattern. An ensemble of TRaP forecasts could account for some of these uncertainties, leading to more useful objective guidance. C1 Bureau Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. NOAA, NESDIS, OSDPD, SAB, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Ebert, E (reprint author), Bureau Meteorol Res Ctr, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM e.ebert@bom.gov.au NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 1 PU AUSTRALIAN GOVT PUBL SERV PI CANBERRA PA PO BOX 84, CANBERRA, 2601, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9743 J9 AUST METEOROL MAG JI Aust. Meteorol. Mag. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 54 IS 2 BP 121 EP 135 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 957KG UT WOS:000231368100004 ER PT J AU Collins, AG Daly, M AF Collins, AG Daly, M TI A new deepwater species of Stauromedusae, Lucernaria janetae (Cnidaria, Staurozoa, Lucernariidae), and a preliminary investigation of stauromedusan phylogeny based on nuclear and mitochondrial rDNA data SO BIOLOGICAL BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID EVOLUTION; MEDUSOZOA; PHYLUM; LIFE AB The deepwater stauromedusan Lucernaria janetae n. sp is described from adult and juvenile specimens collected from the East Pacific Rise. Lucernaria janetae is the first species in the genus recorded from the Pacific Ocean, and differs from its congeners in size and morphology . Mitochondrial (16S) and nuclear (SSU) ribosomal gene sequences from L. janetae were analyzed with those of representative stauromedusan taxa to evaluate stauromedusan monophyly. Both genes recovered a strongly monophyletic Stauromedusae that is the sister group to all other medusozoans. Support of these hypotheses is robust to method of phylogenetic reconstruction and to outgroup, selection. buttressing the argument that Stauromedusae should be recognized as the class Staurozoa. The molecular markers used here favor the same topology of relationships among our samples and clearly distinguished between two species. Haliclystus sanjuanensis and H. octoradiatus, that have been considered synonymous by many workers. A stable systematic framework for Stauromedusae appears achievable through comprehensive study of both morpholooical and sequence data. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Collins, AG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, MRC-153,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM Collinsa@si.edu RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Daly, Marymegan/F-9178-2011 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; NR 56 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 6 PU MARINE BIOLOGICAL LABORATORY PI WOODS HOLE PA 7 MBL ST, WOODS HOLE, MA 02543 USA SN 0006-3185 J9 BIOL BULL-US JI Biol. Bull. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 208 IS 3 BP 221 EP 230 DI 10.2307/3593154 PG 10 WC Biology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 937IY UT WOS:000229919000008 PM 15965127 ER PT J AU Hussain, LA Dickens, SH Bowen, RL AF Hussain, LA Dickens, SH Bowen, RL TI Shear bond strength of experimental methacrylated betacyclodextrin-based formulations SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE adhesion; bond strength; collagen; dental adhesive; dentine bonding agent; surface treatment; cyclodextrin methacrylates; polymerization initiators ID HARD TOOTH TISSUES; SURFACE-ACTIVE COMONOMER; DENTIN; THICKNESS; COLLAGEN; RESIN AB Previous studies have shown that methacrylated beta-cyclodextrins (MCDs) can be used as comonomers in resin-based dental composites. These MCDs by virtue of having several polymerizable methacrylate groups and hydrophilic hydroxyl groups, may also promote bonding of dental composites to dentin. This study evaluated MCDs as adhesive comonomers, and optimized comonomer and polymerization initiator concentrations for maximum shear bond strength (SBS). Experimental MCD-based bonding formulations in acetone were prepared by mixing 33 mass fraction % MCDs with (10, 20, 30, 40, or 50) mass fraction % of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The MCD/HEMA-based solutions were activated with varied amounts of camphorquinone (CQ) and ethyl 4-dimethylamino benzoate (4E). Samples for SBS were prepared by bonding a composite resin to acid-etched dentin surfaces of extracted human molars with the experimental bonding solutions. The specimens were immersed in 37 degreesC water for 24 h and bond strengths were determined in shear mode. With increasing HEMA concentration, the SBS values of MCD-bonding solutions increased to 16 MPa at a composition of 33 % MCD, 30% HEMA, and 37% acetone by mass. Also, SBS values of MCD-bonding solutions varied as a function of the CQ and 4E concentrations and passed through a maximum SBS at 21 MPa, which was comparable to that of a commercial control. This preliminary study indicated that nonacidic MCD monomers could be used as an adhesion-promoting comonomer. Additional modification of MCDs having both polymerizable groups and anionic ligand groups, e.g., polymerizable acidic cyclodextrin derivatives should increase the SBS even further, (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hussain, LA (reprint author), US FDA, 7500 Standish Pl,RME 120,Metro Pk N 2,HFD-643, Rockville, MD 20855 USA. EM latiffaitaf@.yahoo.com FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01-DE05129] NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 18 BP 3973 EP 3979 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2004.10.001 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 899KR UT WOS:000227143800021 PM 15626444 ER PT J AU Moles, A Marty, GD AF Moles, A Marty, GD TI Physiological changes in prickly sculpin (Cottus asper) inhabiting a lake used by jet-propelled watercraft SO BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRUDE-OIL; FISH; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HYDROCARBONS; PARASITISM; SEDIMENTS; EXHAUST C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Anat, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Moles, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0007-4861 J9 B ENVIRON CONTAM TOX JI Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 74 IS 6 BP 1151 EP 1158 DI 10.1007/s00128-005-0701-4 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 942VT UT WOS:000230311700021 PM 16158854 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Lin, PH Aberson, S Yeh, TC Huang, WP Chou, KH Hong, JS Lu, GC Fong, CT Hsu, KC Lin, II Lin, PL Liu, CH AF Wu, CC Lin, PH Aberson, S Yeh, TC Huang, WP Chou, KH Hong, JS Lu, GC Fong, CT Hsu, KC Lin, II Lin, PL Liu, CH TI Dropwindsonde Observations for Typhoon Surveillance near the Taiwan Region (DOTSTAR) - An overview SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INTENSITY C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 106, Taiwan. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Cent Weather Bur, Taipei, Taiwan. Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. Chinese Culture Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM cwu@typhoon.as.ntu.edu.tw RI Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013; Lin, I-I/J-4695-2013; OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100; Lin, I-I/0000-0002-8364-8106; LIN, PO-HSIUNG/0000-0002-6410-6221; Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 NR 7 TC 89 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 6 BP 787 EP 790 DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-6-787 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 940OI UT WOS:000230153400010 ER PT J AU Ryzhkov, AV Schuur, TJ Burgess, DW Heinselman, PL Giangrande, SE Zrnic, DS AF Ryzhkov, AV Schuur, TJ Burgess, DW Heinselman, PL Giangrande, SE Zrnic, DS TI The jont polarization experiment - Polarimetric rainfall measurements and hydrometeor classification SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RADAR MEASUREMENTS; HAIL; WSR-88D; PRECIPITATION; PHASE AB As part of the evolution and future enhancement of the Next Generation Weather Radars (NEXRAD), the National Severe Storms Laboratory recently upgraded the KOUN Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) to include a polarimetric capability. The proof of concept was tested in central Oklahoma during a 1-yr demonstration project referred to as the joint Polarization Experiment (JPOLE). This paper presents an overview of polarimetric algorithms for rainfall estimation and hydrometeor classification and their performance during JPOLE. The quality of rainfall measurements is validated on a large dataset from the Oklahoma Mesonet and Agricultural Research Service Micronet rain gauge networks. The comparison demonstrates that polarimetric rainfall estimates are often dramatically superior to those provided by conventional rainfall algorithms. Using a synthetic R(Z, K-DP, Z(DR)) polarimetric rainfall relation, rms errors are reduced by a factor of 1.7 for point measurements and 3.7 for areal estimates [when compared to results from a conventional R(Z) relation]. Radar data quality improvement, hail identification, rain/snow discrimination, and polarimetric tornado detection are also illustrated for selected events. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Ryzhkov, AV (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Alexander.Ryzhkov@noaa.gov RI Giangrande, Scott/I-4089-2016 OI Giangrande, Scott/0000-0002-8119-8199 NR 34 TC 154 Z9 158 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 6 BP 809 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-6-809 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 940OI UT WOS:000230153400013 ER PT J AU Bell, GD AF Bell, GD TI April-July 2004: Hot in Alaska and Yukon, cool in central North America SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Bell, GD (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 6 BP S46 EP S47 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 940OI UT WOS:000230153400022 ER PT J AU Eakin, CM Woodhouse, C Cook, ER AF Eakin, CM Woodhouse, C Cook, ER TI Tree rings and western drought SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Paleoclimatol Branch, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Lab, Palisades, NY USA. RP Eakin, CM (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Paleoclimatol Branch, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 6 BP S49 EP S49 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 940OI UT WOS:000230153400023 ER PT J AU Gleason, KL AF Gleason, KL TI UStornado records SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. RP Gleason, KL (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 6 BP S51 EP S51 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 940OI UT WOS:000230153400024 ER PT J AU Levinson, DH AF Levinson, DH TI State of the climate in 2004 SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; EL-NINO; LEVEL RISE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; AFRICAN RAINFALL AB From a global perspective, the annual average surface temperature in 2004 was the fourth highest value observed since regular instrumental records began in 1880. Global surface air temperatures in 2004 were 0.44 degrees C (0.79 degrees F) above the 1961-90 mean, according to both the U.S. and U.K. archives. Observations of the global annual mean temperature in 2004 from the combined lower and middle troposphere was 0.38 degrees C (0.68 degrees F)-the fourth warmest year in the 47-yr archive of worldwide radiosonde observations, and the ninth warmest year out of the past 26 based on satellite measurements. The average precipitation anomaly over global land areas in 2004 was 10.7 mm above average, which was similar to 1% above the 1961-90 mean, and the first year since 2000 that the global mean value was wetter than average. Northern Hemisphere sea ice extent was the third lowest on record for the year, dating back to 1973. The annual snow cover extent over Northern Hemisphere land areas was 25.1 million km(2), which was the 25th most extensive snow cover during the period of record. Levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) continue to increase in the atmosphere at the NOAA/Climate Modeling and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) Mauna Loa Observatory on the Big Island of Hawaii; CO2 rose approximately 1.3 parts per million (ppm) in 2004, to reach a preliminary value of 377.6 ppm. However, the 2004 increase was below the long-term average increase of 1.5 ppm yr(-1). A minimum ozone concentration of 138 Dobson units (DU) was measured on 4 October 2004 at South Pole station, which was above the 1986-2004 average minimum value of 117 +/- 26 DU. Sea levels continued to rise globally, increasing at a rate of 2.8 +/- 0.4 mm yr(-1) based on satellite altimeter measurements. The satellite measurements since 1993 have recorded a significantly higher rise in sea level than the overall twentieth-century rate of 1.8 +/- 0.3 mm yr(-1), determined from tide gauge observations during the past century. The climate of 2004 was influenced by the development of a weak El Nino (i.e., ENSO warm event) in the western and central equatorial Pacific Ocean during the second half of the year. A series of westerly wind bursts during July-October, which were initiated by Madden-Julian oscillation activity in the tropical western Pacific, generated several Kelvin waves in the oceanic mixed layer that aided in the formation of the warm event. Only limited regional-scale impacts associated with El Nino occurred during the boreal autumn, because the event did not develop basinwide. Tropical cyclone activity was above average in the North Atlantic, west North Pacific, and South Indian Ocean basins in 2004. The hurricane season was extremely active in the North Atlantic basin, with a total of 15 named storms, nine hurricanes, and six major hurricanes in 2004. Nine of these tropical cyclones struck the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States, with three of these landfalling as major hurricanes. The first documented hurricane developed in the South Atlantic Ocean (cyclone "Catarina"), which made landfall along the southern coast of Brazil in late March. The west North Pacific typhoon season was also very active, with 10 tropical systems making landfall in Japan, breaking the previous record of 6 during a single season. In the South Indian Ocean, Tropical Cyclone Gafilo devastated Madagascar, making landfall as a category 5 supercyclone. From a regional perspective, the annual mean temperature across Europe as a whole in 2004 was 0.98 degrees C above the 1961-90 base period average, with temperature anomalies in excess of 1 degrees C measured across parts of northwest Europe and Scandinavia. Temperatures were also warm across South America and parts of Asia. The annual average temperature in Russia was 0.8 degrees C above the long term mean, but temperatures in 2004 were anomalously cold in Asian Russia. Drought conditions continued across western North America, although conditions improved in the southwest United States and California late in the year, while the multiyear drought persisted in parts of the Pacific Northwest and Northern Rockies. Drought conditions also persisted across a majority of the Greater Horn and southern Africa. Monsoonal rains were deficient across the Indian subcontinent in 2004; only 87% of the long period average rainfall was recorded. In contrast, above-normal rainfall across parts of Southwest Asia helped ease some of the long-running drought conditions in the region. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Climate Monitoring Branch, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP NOAA, NESDIS, Climate Monitoring Branch, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM David.Levinson@noaa.gov RI Box, Jason/H-5770-2013 NR 137 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 6 BP S1 EP S86 DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-6-Levinson PG 86 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 940OI UT WOS:000230153400020 ER PT J AU Weinstein, SA Okal, EA AF Weinstein, SA Okal, EA TI The mantle magnitude M-m and the slowness parameter Theta: Five years of real-time use in the context of Tsunami warning SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID 2001 M-W; HISTORICAL EARTHQUAKES; SEISMIC MOMENTS; ENERGY-RELEASE; DEEP; INTERMEDIATE; REASSESSMENT; RUPTURE; EVENTS; WAVES AB We study a database of more than 119,000 measurements of the mantle magnitude M-m introduced by Okal and Talandier (1989), obtained since 1999 as part of the operational procedures at the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center. The performance of this method is significantly affected by the seismic instrumentation at the recording station, with the very-broadband STS-1 and KS54000 systems offering the lowest residuals between measured values of Mm and those predicted from the Harvard Centroid Moment Tensor (CMT) catalog, and also by the period at which spectral amplitudes are measured, with the best results between 70 and 250 sec. With such mild restrictions, estimates of seismic moments can be obtained in real time by retaining either the maximum value of M-m measured on each record, or its average over the various mantle frequencies, with the resulting residuals, on the order of 0.1 +/- 0.2 moment magnitude units. M-m deficiencies in the case of the two large earthquakes of Peru (2001) and Hokkaido (2003) are attributed to azimuthal bias from an excess of stations (principally in North America) in directions nodal for the focal mechanism and directivity patterns. We further study a group of more than 3000 measurements of the energy-to-moment ratio Theta introduced by Newman and Okal (1998), which allows the real-time identification of teleseismic sources violating scaling laws and, in particular, of so-called "tsunami earthquakes." The use of a sliding window of analysis in the computation of Theta allows the separation of "late earthquakes," characterized by a delayed but fast moment release, from truly slow earthquakes. Many such events are recognized, notably on major oceanic and continental strike-slip faults. C1 NOAA, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Evanston, IL 60201 USA. RP NOAA, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, 91-270 Ft Weaver Rd, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. NR 41 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 0 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 95 IS 3 BP 779 EP 799 DI 10.1785/0120040112 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 938PX UT WOS:000230016400001 ER PT J AU Snover, ML Watters, GM Mangel, M AF Snover, ML Watters, GM Mangel, M TI Interacting effects of behavior and oceanography on growth in salmonids with examples for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC SALMON; MARINE GROWTH; CHINOOK SALMON; FRESH-WATER; SIZE; SALAR; DOMINANCE; MATURITY; RATES; AGE AB Positive and negative relationships between pre- and post-smolt growth rates in salmonids have been observed, but the mechanisms underlying these relationships are not understood. We hypothesize that growth at sea is controlled by interactions between behavior and ocean conditions and that no one relationship is correct. We present a growth model with habitat-specific rates of anabolism that allow resource acquisition to vary in response to the behavior-environment interaction. Our model predicts positive relationships between pre- and post-smolt growth rates when ocean resources have clumped, defensible distributions under which conditions that aggressive behaviors facilitate increased access to those resources. Negative relationships are predicted when resources are dispersed and aggressive behaviors are ineffective. We present data relating pre- and post-smolt growth rates for more than 15 stocks of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). These data indicate that shortly after out-migrating, aggressive behaviors are not effective for securing resources in the ocean (i.e., there are negative or no relationships between pre- and post-smolt growth rates). As coho spend more time at sea, however, variability in environmental conditions can elicit a variety of growth responses. C1 NMFS, NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96882 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Stock Assessment Res, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Snover, ML (reprint author), NMFS, NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM melissa.snover@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1219 EP 1230 DI 10.1139/F05-058 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 945KC UT WOS:000230500400003 ER PT J AU Craig, JK Crowder, LB Henwood, TA AF Craig, JK Crowder, LB Henwood, TA TI Spatial distribution of brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus) on the northwestern Gulf of Mexico shelf: effects of abundance and hypoxia SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; DEPENDENT HABITAT SELECTION; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; 1981 TEXAS CLOSURE; PENAEUS-AZTECUS; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; RELATIVE ABUNDANCE; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SOUTHERN GULF AB We used fishery-independent hydrographic and bottom trawl surveys on the northwestern Gulf of Mexico shelf from 1983-2000 to test for density dependence and effects of hypoxia (dissolved oxygen <= 2.0 mg center dot L-1) on the spatial distribution of brown shrimp (Farfantepenaeus aztecus). Spatial distribution of shrimp was positively related to abundance on the Texas shelf but negatively related to abundance on the Louisiana shelf. Density dependence was weak, however, and may have been due to factors other than density-dependent habitat selection. Males were distributed over a broader area and further offshore than were females, though differences in spatial distribution between sexes were not large (10%-15%). Large-scale hypoxia (up to 20 000 km(2)) on the Louisiana shelf occurs in regions of typically high shrimp density and results in substantial habitat loss (up to 25% of the Louisiana shelf), with shifts in distribution and associated high densities both inshore and offshore of the hypoxic region. We discuss these results in terms of the generality of density-dependent spatial distributions in marine populations and potential consequences of habitat loss and associated shifts in distribution due to low dissolved oxygen. C1 Duke Ctr Marine Conservat, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula Lab, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Craig, JK (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, 303 Coll Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM kevin.craig@duke.edu NR 72 TC 39 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 13 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1295 EP 1308 DI 10.1139/F05-036 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 945KC UT WOS:000230500400009 ER PT J AU Martell, SJD Essington, TE Lessard, B Kitchell, JF Walters, CJ Boggs, CH AF Martell, SJD Essington, TE Lessard, B Kitchell, JF Walters, CJ Boggs, CH TI Interactions of productivity, predation risk, and fishing effort in the efficacy of marine protected areas for the central Pacific SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RECONSTRUCTING ECOSYSTEM DYNAMICS; EXPLOITED ECOSYSTEMS; TUNA; RECRUITMENT; IMPACTS; MODEL; OCEAN; POPULATION; FISHERIES; PATTERNS AB Ecospace biomass-dynamics models for the central North Pacific predict strong space-time variation in abundances of various trophic groups in relation to nutrient-driven patterns in primary production and circulation-driven concentration of production in convergence areas. The model predicts simple patterns in ecosystem organization and abundances along productivity gradients. Predicted patterns are robust to alternative assumptions about how mobile organisms may alter dispersal behavior in relation to local fitness (per capita gain from net food intake minus predation mortality). Large marine protected areas (MPAs) would be needed to rebuild endangered populations and counter impacts of growing fishing effort. We expected that increases in dispersal rate in response to lower food availability and higher predation risk would reduce efficacy of MPAs as a management tool. Instead, simulations indicated that this negative effect may generally be eliminated or even reversed by positive effects of fitness-maximizing behaviors. Interannual variability in ocean circulation can further reduce the efficacy of MPAs; therefore, the dynamic nature of pelagic environments should also be considered in MPA design. Anomalies in ocean circulation may shift productive areas relative to MPA location, resulting in increased fishing mortality and (or) misinterpretation of catch statistics. C1 Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Limnol, Madison, WI 53706 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Martell, SJD (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, 2204 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. EM s.martell@fisheries.ubc.ca RI Walters, Carl/D-5714-2012 NR 33 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 10 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1320 EP 1336 DI 10.1139/F05-114 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 945KC UT WOS:000230500400011 ER PT J AU Devlin, RH Park, L Sakhrani, DM Baker, JD Marshall, AR LaHood, E Kolesar, SE Mayo, MR Biagi, CA Uh, M AF Devlin, RH Park, L Sakhrani, DM Baker, JD Marshall, AR LaHood, E Kolesar, SE Mayo, MR Biagi, CA Uh, M TI Variation of Y-chromosome DNA markers in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) populations SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GROWTH-HORMONE GENES; SEX-CHROMOSOMES; RAINBOW-TROUT; SOCKEYE-SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; DOSAGE COMPENSATION; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; REPETITIVE DNA; YOUNG STAGE; GH-PSI AB Two Y-chromosome DNA markers (a repetitive sequence, OtY1, and a single-copy marker, GH-Y) tightly linked to the sex-determination locus have been examined for their association with sexual development among 55 populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Yukon, British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, and Idaho. Normal linkage has been observed in 96.7% of 2478 individuals examined. Only five males (0.44%) were found lacking both markers (none from Canadian systems), and 14 females (1.04%) from US populations and two females (0.15%) from Canadian populations were found to possess both markers. Variants identified included weakly amplifying alleles for GH-Y and OtY1 and structural variants identified by Southern-blot analysis. The frequency of variants in males was more than 2-fold that in females, and males deficient in GH-Y were more common (3.6%) than males deficient in the repetitive OtY1 sequence (0.7%). Some individuals (of both sexes) possessed fewer copies of the OtY1 repeat than normal males, revealing molecular dynamics that alter Y-chromosome structure within and among populations. A population (Hanford Reach) previously reported as having a high incidence of females possessing the OtY1 marker, and suspected of being sex-reversed, was found to have normal sex-marker genotypes in the present study. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. RP Devlin, RH (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 4160 Marine Dr, W Vancouver, BC V7V 1N6, Canada. EM devlinr@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 56 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1386 EP 1399 DI 10.1139/F05-048 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 945KC UT WOS:000230500400016 ER PT J AU Riley, SC Tatara, CP Scheurer, JA AF Riley, SC Tatara, CP Scheurer, JA TI Aggression and feeding of hatchery-reared and naturally reared steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry in a laboratory flume and a comparison with observations in natural streams SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; COHO SALMON; PREDATION RISK; BROWN TROUT; RAINBOW-TROUT; AGONISTIC BEHAVIOR; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; PRIOR RESIDENCE; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; DOMINANCE HIERARCHIES AB We quantified the aggression and feeding of naturally reared steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry stocked into a laboratory flume with naturally reared fry or hatchery-reared fry from conventional and enriched rearing environments at three densities in the presence and absence of predators, and compared the aggression and feeding observed in the flume to that observed in two streams. Steelhead fry attack rate increased with density and was reduced in the presence of predators, but was not affected by rearing treatment. Threat rate appeared to increase with density and was significantly affected by rearing treatment combination, but was not significantly affected by predator presence. Feeding rate was not affected by density or rearing treatment, but was reduced in the presence of predators. The rate of aggression by steelhead fry in two streams was lower than that observed in the laboratory and did not increase with density. Rates of aggression and feeding of hatchery-reared and wild steelhead fry were not significantly different in the streams. Overall, we found no evidence that hatchery rearing environments caused higher aggression in steelhead fry. Laboratory observations of salmonid aggression, particularly at high density, may not reflect aggression levels in the wild. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Riley, SC (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM sriley@usgs.gov NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1400 EP 1409 DI 10.1139/F05-076 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 945KC UT WOS:000230500400017 ER PT J AU Dobiesz, NE McLeish, DA Eshenroder, RL Bence, JR Mohr, LC Ebener, MP Nalepa, TF Woldt, AP Johnson, JE Argyle, RL Makarewicz, JC AF Dobiesz, NE McLeish, DA Eshenroder, RL Bence, JR Mohr, LC Ebener, MP Nalepa, TF Woldt, AP Johnson, JE Argyle, RL Makarewicz, JC TI Ecology of the Lake Huron fish community, 1970-1999 SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID LAURENTIAN GREAT-LAKES; MUSSEL DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; DOUBLE-CRESTED CORMORANTS; ST-MARYS RIVER; FOOD-WEB; CRUSTACEAN ZOOPLANKTON; ZEBRA MUSSEL; SEA LAMPREY; MYSIS-RELICTA; SAGINAW BAY AB We review the status of the Lake Huron fish community between 1970 and 1999 and explore the effects of key stressors. Offshore waters changed little in terms of nutrient enrichment, while phosphorus levels declined in inner Saginaw Bay. Introduced mussels (Dreissena spp.) proliferated and may have caused a decline in Diporeia spp. This introduction could have caused a decline in lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) growth and condition, with serious repercussions for commercial fisheries. Bythotrephes, an exotic predatory cladoceran, and other new exotics may be influencing the fish community. Sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) remained prevalent, but intensive control efforts on the St. Mary's River may reduce their predation on salmonines. Overfishing was less of a problem than in the past, although fishing continued to reduce the amount of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) spawning biomass resulting from hatchery-reared fish planted to rehabilitate this species. Massive stocking programs have increased the abundance of top predators, but lake trout were rehabilitated in only one area. Successful lake trout rehabilitation may require lower densities of introduced pelagic prey fish than were seen in the 1990s, along with continued stocking of hatchery-reared lake trout and control of sea lamprey. Such reductions in prey fish could limit Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) fisheries. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Upper Great Lakes Management Unit, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada. Great Lakes Fishery Commiss, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Intertribal Fisheries & Assessment Program, Sault Sainte Marie, MI 49783 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. Michigan Dept Nat Resources, Alpena Great Lakes Fisheries Res Stn, Alpena, MI 49707 USA. US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. SUNY Coll Brockport, Dept Biol Sci, Brockport, NY 14420 USA. RP Dobiesz, NE (reprint author), Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Lake Huron Management Unit, 1450 7th Ave E, Owen Sound, ON N4K 2Z1, Canada. EM dobieszn@zoo.utoronto.ca RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017 OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X NR 102 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 5 U2 39 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1432 EP 1451 DI 10.1139/F05-061 PG 20 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 945KC UT WOS:000230500400020 ER PT J AU Trumble, SJ Castellini, MA AF Trumble, SJ Castellini, MA TI Diet mixing in an aquatic carnivore, the harbour seal SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID PHOCA-VITULINA; TRANSIT-TIME; FOOD-INTAKE; ALASKA; FAT; CONSTRAINTS; HERBIVORE; DIGESTION; DEMANDS; PASSAGE AB To determine the effects of diet mixing on digestive performance, harbour seals (Phoca vitulina L., 1758) were offered either pure diets of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii Valenciennes, 1847) or walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas, 1814)) or a 1:1 mix of herring and pollock. Regardless of diet, retention time decreased approximately 40% as intake quadrupled. The mean apparent digestible dry matter (ADDM) was greatest on mixed diets during low feeding frequency trials; ADDM during high feeding frequency trials was significantly reduced as intake increased for animals on the single-species (pollock or herring) diets. As intake increased, up to 45% more digestible energy was assimilated from the mixed diet than from either single-species diet. The findings of this study suggest that a mixed diet consisting of prey differing in lipid and protein amounts increased digestible energy intake in harbour seals. Our measures of intake and ADDM in harbour seals revealed digestive flexibility and indicated that digestion in harbour seals was more efficient on a mixed diet. C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Trumble, SJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE F-AKC3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM steve.trumble@noaa.gov OI Trumble, Stephen/0000-0001-6319-9633 NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 83 IS 6 BP 851 EP 859 DI 10.1139/Z05-069 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 955XO UT WOS:000231263100010 ER PT J AU Xin, Y Gore, JP McGrattan, KB Rehm, RG Baum, HR AF Xin, Y Gore, JP McGrattan, KB Rehm, RG Baum, HR TI Fire dynamics simulation of a turbulent buoyant flame using a mixture-fraction-based combustion model SO COMBUSTION AND FLAME LA English DT Article DE fire dynamics; numerical simulations; turbulent buoyant flames; combustion models ID POOL FIRES; DRIVEN; FLOWS AB Fire dynamics simulations of a 7.1-cm buoyant turbulent diffusion flame were performed using a mixture-fraction-based combustion model. In our previous work, good agreement between the measured and the calculated fire flow field was achieved with carefully selected domain and grid sizes using a Lagrangian thermal-element combustion model. The Lagrangian thermal-element model exhibits qualitative as well as quantitative differences in the measured and calculated temperature profiles in the flame zone. The number of Lagrangian thermal elements must be carefully selected and the model is not designed to provide insights into the species distributions in the fire. To address these issues, a mixture-fraction-based combustion model was used in the present work. The domain and grid size dependence using this model are documented. Comparisons between the measured and the calculated velocities, mixture fractions and temperatures show that the mixture-fraction-based combustion model captures the qualitative and quantitative fire behavior very well. © 2004 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gore, JP (reprint author), Purdue Univ, Sch Mech Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. EM gore@ecn.purdue.edu NR 13 TC 34 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0010-2180 J9 COMBUST FLAME JI Combust. Flame PD JUN PY 2005 VL 141 IS 4 BP 329 EP 335 DI 10.1016/j.combusdtflame.2004.07.001 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 932LH UT WOS:000229554700002 ER PT J AU Fujita, T Fukada, H Shimizu, M Hiramatsu, N Hara, A AF Fujita, T Fukada, H Shimizu, M Hiramatsu, N Hara, A TI Annual changes in serum levels of two choriogenins and vitellogenin in masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE annual change; choriogenin H; choriogenin L; estradiol-17 beta; masu salmon; oocyte growth; quantification; vitellogenin ID VITELLINE ENVELOPE PROTEINS; TAIMEN HUCHO-PERRYI; RAINBOW-TROUT; ORYZIAS-LATIPES; SAKHALIN TAIMEN; EGG ENVELOPE; DIODON HOLOCANTHUS; PRECURSOR PROTEINS; OOCYTE GROWTH; TELEOST AB Annual changes in serum levels of two chorion precursors, choriogenin H (Chg H) and choriogenin L (Chg L), vitellogenin (Vg) and estradiol-17 beta (E2) were quantified in masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, using specific immunoassays. Serum Chg levels were higher than Vg during the previtellogenic growth phase when circulating E2 levels were low (similar to 0.1 ng/mL), suggesting higher sensitivity of Chg to E2. When oocyte growth shifted to the vitellogenic phase, Vg levels increased and became the most abundant in serum coincident with elevations of E2 and GSI. Chg H, Chg L and Vg peaked 1 month prior to ovulation at 0.61 +/- 0.08, 0.98 +/- 0.18 and 10.93 +/- 3.24 mg/mL, respectively. These results suggest that chorion formation by Chgs occurs prior to vitellogenesis and that the sensitivity of Chgs to low circulating E2 is closely related to the sequential events of oocyte growth. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Div Marine Biosci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. Kochi Univ, Fac Agr, Dept Aquaculture, Nankoku, Kochi 7838502, Japan. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. N Carolina State Univ, Coll Agr & Life Sci, Dept Zool, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Hara, A (reprint author), Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Div Marine Biosci, 3-1-1 Minato, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. EM aki@fish.hokudai.ac.jp NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 141 IS 2 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.cbpc.2005.03.002 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 941DF UT WOS:000230194200009 PM 15939321 ER PT J AU Fong, H Dickens, SH Flaim, GM AF Fong, H Dickens, SH Flaim, GM TI Evaluation of dental restorative composites containing polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane methacrylate SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE composite resin; POSS-MA; Bis-GMA; NIR ID CLASS-II RESTORATIONS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CLINICAL-EVALUATION; RESIN COMPOSITES; CONVERSION; POLYMERS; ANTERIOR; KINETICS AB Objectives. The aim of this study was to explore novel polymeric dental restorative composites, in which polyhedral oligomeric sitsesquioxane methacrytate monomer (POSS-MA) was used to partially (or completely) replace the commonly used base monomer 2,2'- bis-[4-(methacryloxypropoxy)-phenyl]-propane (Bis-GMA). Methods. The composites were cured (hardened) by photo-initiated free radical polymerization. Mechanical properties (i.e. flexural strength, Young's modulus and diametral tensile strength) of the composites were tested by a universal mechanical testing machine; photopolymerization induced votumetric shrinkage was measured using a mercury dilatometer; and near infrared (NIR) technique was used to study the degree of methacrylate double bond conversion and photopotymerization rate. Results. Small percentage POSS-MA substitution of Bis-GMA (i.e. mass fraction of 10% or Less) in the resin system improved the mechanical properties of the composites; white large amount substitution led to less desirable mechanical properties, lower methacrylate double bond conversion, and slower photopotymerization rate. Statistical examinations showed the maximum flexural strength of the composites occurred when 10% (mass fraction) of Bis-GMA was replaced by POSS-MA, while the highest modulus occurred when the mass fraction of POSS-MA was 2%. Significance. Polymeric dental restorative composites with improved mechanical properties may be designed by judicious choice of monomer (POSS-MA, Bis-GMA and TEGDMA) compositions. (c) 2004 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. ALL rights reserved. C1 S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Anhui Univ, Wuhu City 241000, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Fong, H (reprint author), S Dakota Sch Mines & Technol, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Rapid City, SD 57701 USA. EM hao.fong@sdsmt.edu FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 013298] NR 25 TC 85 Z9 91 U1 3 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 21 IS 6 BP 520 EP 529 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2004.08.003 PG 10 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 934BN UT WOS:000229682000005 PM 15904694 ER PT J AU Incardona, JP AF Incardona, JP TI From sensing cellular sterols to assembling sensory structures SO DEVELOPMENTAL CELL LA English DT Editorial Material ID VESICULAR TRAFFICKING; DOMAIN; PROTEIN; CHOLESTEROL; MUTATIONS; BINDING C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Incardona, JP (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. NR 9 TC 6 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU CELL PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA 1100 MASSACHUSETTS AVE, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1534-5807 J9 DEV CELL JI Dev. Cell PD JUN PY 2005 VL 8 IS 6 BP 798 EP 799 DI 10.1016/j.devcel.2005.05.011 PG 2 WC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology SC Cell Biology; Developmental Biology GA 938LZ UT WOS:000230006200003 PM 15935768 ER PT J AU Jansen, W Ayers, R AF Jansen, W Ayers, R TI An overview and analysis of PDA forensic tools SO DIGITAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article DE computer forensics; handheld devices; forensic tools AB Mobile handheld devices are becoming evermore affordable and commonplace in society. When they are involved in a security incident or crime, forensic specialists require tools that allow proper extraction and speedy examination of any digital evidence present. This paper gives an overview of forensic software tools for Personal Digital Assistants (PDA). A set of generic scenarios was devised to simulate evidentiary situations and applied to a set of target devices to gauge how selected tools react under various situations. The paper summarizes those results, giving a snapshot of the capabilities and limitations of present day tools, and also provides background information on PDA hardware and software. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jansen, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jansen@nist.gov; rayers@nist.gov NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-2876 J9 DIGIT INVESTIG JI Digit. Investig. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 2 IS 2 BP 120 EP 132 DI 10.1016/j.diin.2005.04.003 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 052SO UT WOS:000238254400014 ER PT J AU Troeng, S Dutton, PH Evans, D AF Troeng, S Dutton, PH Evans, D TI Migration of hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata from Tortuguero, Costa Rica SO ECOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF ECOSYSTEMS; POPULATION; DECLINE; TREND; STOCK AB The hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata is a widely distributed and critically endangered species that feeds on sponges and fills an important ecological role in the coral reef ecosystem. At Tortuguero, Costa Rica, trend analyses indicate considerable decline in nesting estimated at 77.2 - 94.5% between 1956 and 2003, as a result of excessive turtle fishing. We analyzed flipper tag returns, satellite telemetry and genetic samples to determine movements and habitat use of adult female Tortuguero hawksbills. Tag returns and satellite telemetry show hawksbills migrate to foraging grounds in Nicaragua and Honduras. Genetic analysis indicates the hawksbills may also migrate to Cuban, Puerto Rican, and possibly Mexican waters. We conclude hawksbills represent an internationally shared resource. There is a close correlation between tag recapture sites, hawksbill foraging grounds and coral reef distribution. Caribbean coral reef decline may reduce food availability and negatively impact hawksbill turtles. Conversely, hawksbill decline may shift the balance on coral reefs by reducing predation pressure on sponges and hence make coral reefs less resilient to natural and anthropogenic threats. Strategies aiming to conserve hawksbills and coral reefs must consider both the extensive hawksbill migrations and the close relationship between the species and the coral reef ecosystem. C1 Caribbean Conservat Corp, San Pedro, Costa Rica. NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. Caribbean Conserv Corp, Gainesville, FL 32609 USA. RP Troeng, S (reprint author), Caribbean Conservat Corp, Apdo Postal 246-2050, San Pedro, Costa Rica. EM sebastian@cccturtle.org RI Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010 NR 41 TC 50 Z9 63 U1 2 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-7590 J9 ECOGRAPHY JI Ecography PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 394 EP 402 DI 10.1111/j.0906-7590.2005.04110.x PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 930PQ UT WOS:000229428800012 ER PT J AU Dew, CB McConnaughey, RA AF Dew, CB McConnaughey, RA TI Did trawling on the brood stock contribute to the collapse of Alaska's king crab? SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Alaska red king crab; Bering Sea; bottom trawling; brood-stock habitat; fisheries management; larval transport; meteorological regime shift; over fishing; Paralithodes camtschaticus; podding behavior; population collapse; reproductive refuge ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; PARALITHODES-CAMTSCHATICUS; RECRUITMENT RELATIONSHIPS; INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS; CHIONOECETES-OPILIO; TANNER CRABS; BRISTOL BAY; FISHERIES; FREQUENCY; MIGRATION AB The 1976 U.S. Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act effectively eliminated the no-trawl zone known as the Bristol Bay Pot Sanctuary, located in the southeastern Bering Sea, Alaska. Implemented by the Japanese in 1959, the boundaries of the Pot Sanctuary closely matched the well-defined distribution of the red king crab (Paralithodes camtschaticus) population's mature-female brood stock, thus affording a measure of protection to the reproductive potential of the stock. In 1980, the point at which the commercial harvest of Bristol Bay legal-male red king crab reached an all-time high after a decade-long increase, domestic bottom trawling in the brood-stock sanctuary began in earnest with the advent of a U.S.-Soviet, joint-venture, yellowfin sole fishery. In the first year of trawling in the Pot Sanctuary, the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands (BSAI) red king crab bycatch increased by 371% over the 1977-1979 average; in 1981 the BSAI bycatch increased another 235% over that in 1980, most of which were mature females. As the number of unmonitored domestic trawls in the brood-stock area increased rapidly after 1979 and anecdotal reports of "red bags" (trawl cod-ends plugged with red king crab) began to circulate, the proportion of males in the mature population (0.25 in 1981 and 0.16 in 1982) jumped to 0.54 in 1985 and 0.65 in 1986. It is unlikely that normal demographics caused this sudden reversal in sex ratio. Our hypothesis is that sequential, sex-specific sources of fishing mortality were at work. Initially there were ten years (1970-1980) of increasing, male-only exploitation in the directed pot fishery, followed by a drastic reduction in the male harvest after 1980 (to zero in 1983). Then, beginning around 1980, there was an increase in bottom trawling among the highly aggregated, sexually mature female brood stock concentrated near the western end of the Alaska Peninsula, an area documented by previous investigators to be the most productive spawning, incubation, and hatching ground for Bristol Bay red king crab. There has been considerable discussion about possible natural causes (e.g., meteorological regime shifts, increased groundfish predation, epizootic diseases) of the abrupt collapse of the Bristol Bay red king crab population in the early 1980s. The purpose of our study was to conduct a rigorous examination of existing data in order to evaluate the relative likelihood that the collapse was caused by human fishing instead of natural mortality. Our discussion focuses on the association between record harvests of male crab in the directed fishery, the onset of large-scale commercial trawling within the population's primary reproductive refuge, and the population's collapse. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Dew, CB (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, POB 15700,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM braxton.dew@noaa.gov NR 95 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 15 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 919 EP 941 DI 10.1890/03-5231 PG 23 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 934QN UT WOS:000229723400012 ER PT J AU Butler, JM Appleby, JE Duewer, DL AF Butler, JM Appleby, JE Duewer, DL TI Locus-specific brackets for reliable typing of Y-chromosome short tandem repeat markers SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE DNA size standards; DNA typing; locus-specific bracket; short tandem repeat; Y-short tandem repeat ID CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; ALLELIC LADDER; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; POPULATIONS; VALIDATION; SYSTEM AB Short tandem repeat (STR) loci, widely used as genetic markers in disease diagnostic studies and human identity applications, are traditionally genotyped through comparison of allele sizes to a sequenced allelic ladder. Allelic ladders permit a floating bin allele calling method to be utilized, which enables reliable allele calling across laboratories, instrument platforms, and electrophoretic conditions. Precise sizing methods for STR allele calling involving fixed bins can also be used when a high degree of precision has been demonstrated within an instrument platform and a set of electrophoretic conditions. An alternative method for reliable genotyping of STR markers, locus-specific brackets (LSBs), is introduced here. LSBs are artificial alleles created through molecular biology manipulations to be shorter or longer than alleles commonly seen in populations under investigation. The size and repeat number of measured alleles are interpolated between the two LSB products that are mixed with the polymerase chain reaction-amplified STR alleles. The advantages and limitations of the LSB approach are described along with a concordance study between the LSB typing approach and other STR typing methods. Complete agreement was observed with 162 samples studied at 5 Y-chromosome loci. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Butler, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.butler@nist.gov RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008; Butler, John/C-7812-2011 NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD JUN PY 2005 VL 26 IS 13 BP 2583 EP 2590 DI 10.1002/elps.200410404 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 945VE UT WOS:000230529600011 PM 15934054 ER PT J AU O'Hanley, JR Tomberlin, D AF O'Hanley, JR Tomberlin, D TI Optimizing the removal of small fish passage barriers SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING & ASSESSMENT LA English DT Article DE salmon habitat restoration; fish passage barrier removal; nonlinear integer programming; dynamic programming AB Removing small artificial barriers that hinder upstream migrations of fish is a major problem in riparian habitat restoration. Because of budgetary limitations, it is necessary to prioritize barrier removal and repair decisions. These have usually been based on scoring and ranking procedures, which, although simple to use, can be very inefficient in terms of increasing the amount of accessible instream habitat. We develop a novel decision-making approach, based on integer programming techniques, which optimizes repair and removal decisions. Results show based on real datasets of barrier culverts located in Washington State that scoring and ranking is over 25% below the optimum on average and a full 100% below in the worst case, producing no net habitat gain whatsoever. This is compared to a dynamic programming method that was able to find optimal solutions in less than a second, even for problems with up to several hundred variables, and a heuristic method, which found solutions with less than a 1% average optimality gap in even less time. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93103 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP O'Hanley, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, 1504 Eucalyptus Hill Rd,A3, Santa Barbara, CA 93103 USA. EM johanley@nature.berkeley.edu; david.tomberlin@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 30 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1420-2026 J9 ENVIRON MODEL ASSESS JI Environ. Model. Assess. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 10 IS 2 BP 85 EP 98 DI 10.1007/s10666-004-4268-y PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 962US UT WOS:000231759100001 ER PT J AU Lynch, JA Kerchner, M AF Lynch, JA Kerchner, M TI The National Atmospheric Deposition Program: 25 years of monitoring in support of science and policy: An ammonia workshop: the state of science and future needs SO ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES C1 Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Lynch, JA (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jal@psu.edu NR 5 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0269-7491 J9 ENVIRON POLLUT JI Environ. Pollut. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 135 IS 3 BP 343 EP 346 DI 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.11.008 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 910OO UT WOS:000227941400001 PM 15749532 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Fletcher, RA Zachariah, MR AF Kim, SH Fletcher, RA Zachariah, MR TI Understanding the difference in oxidative properties between flame and diesel soot nanoparticles: The role of metals SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ADDITIVES; SPECTROMETRY; COMBUSTION; KINETICS; ENGINES AB The purpose of this paper is to address the differences observed in the oxidative kinetics between flame and diesel derived soots. In particular, it has been observed that flame soot has a significantly higher activation energy for oxidation than does diesel soot. The hypothesis tested in this paper is that metals, possibly coming from lubricating oils, within diesel generated soot particles may be responsible for this effect. This is supported by the fact that addition of metal additives to diesel fuel is shown to have no effect on the activation energy of soot oxidation. The subject of this paper lies in testing the hypothesis by adding metal directly to a flame and extracting oxidation kinetics. Using a high temperature oxidation tandem differential mobility analyzer (HTO-TDMA) we extract particle size dependent kinetics for the oxidation of flame-derived soot doped with and without iron. We found that indeed addition of iron to a flame reduced the activation energy significantly from similar to 162 +/- 3 kJ/mol to similar to 116 +/- 3 kJ/mol, comparable with diesel engine generated soot with an activation energy similar to 110 kJ/mol. These results are consistent with the idea that small quantities of metals during diesel combustion may play an important role in soot abatement. C1 Univ Maryland, Nanoparticle Based Mfg & Metrol Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn & Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Nanoparticle Based Mfg & Metrol Lab, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu NR 25 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 11 BP 4021 EP 4026 DI 10.1021/es048828z PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 933VY UT WOS:000229662200028 PM 15984778 ER PT J AU Spromberg, JA Birge, WJ AF Spromberg, JA Birge, WJ TI Modeling the effects of chronic toxicity on fish populations: The influence of life-history strategies SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE life-history strategy; fish population; population-level effects; chronic toxicity ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CHINOOK SALMON; DOLLY VARDEN; FECUNDITY; RESPONSES; SIMULATION; POLLUTION; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; ALASKA AB Five life-history scenarios were composed to simulate fish population adaptations for survival under various environmental conditions. The scenarios encompassed differences in stage-specific survival, fecundity and hatch success, number of spawning events, and life-span effect response to chronic toxic impacts. The strategies represent a good survivor/generalist (GS), a species exhibiting high young-of-the-year survival, a species exhibiting high adult survival, a species with no parental care or guarding behavior, and an anadromous salmonid strategy. Although the modeled scenarios were similar in population growth rate and imposed toxic effects, differences concerning the influence of various traits were found. Scenarios characterized by a short life span, short time to reproductive maturity, moderate to high survival to reproductive maturity, large number of spawning events, and parental guarding behaviors experienced less perturbation from the imposed chronic stresses. The GS scenario, modeled after the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus), exemplified these characteristics. Scenarios exhibiting little difference between reproductive effort for younger and older adults recovered quickly from stressors on fecundity and adult survival rates. Greater population decline in response to commensurate impacts was seen for life-history strategies with long life span, no parental guarding behaviors, semelparity and annual iteroparity, high adult survival rates, and moderate to low fecundity. C1 Univ Kentucky, Grad Ctr Toxicol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. RP Spromberg, JA (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM julann.spromberg@noaa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07266] NR 38 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 3 U2 17 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1532 EP 1540 DI 10.1897/04-160.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 926RN UT WOS:000229140400031 PM 16117134 ER PT J AU Spromberg, JA Birge, WJ AF Spromberg, JA Birge, WJ TI Population survivorship index for fish and amphibians: Application to criterion development and risk assessment SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE life-history strategy; population-level effects; chronic toxicity; toxicological-ecological guideline criterion development ID LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CHINOOK SALMON; SIZE; REPRODUCTION; FECUNDITY; MODEL AB Criterion development currently focuses on physiological responses when determining permitted chemical concentrations in environmental media. Losses of biodiversity attributed to chemical pollution may be related not only to physiological sensitivity but also to inherent population characteristics that are not included in risk assessment or criterion development. In the present study, we proposed a process and a tool for summarizing population- and species-level information that contributes to long-term survivorship. We investigated the influences of life-history strategies of fish and amphibians that contribute to variations in population sensitivity or resiliency. A life-history survivorship index for application in criterion development and risk assessment was developed to help identify which species in a study system possess life-history strategies inherently sensitive to chemical stressors. It includes life-history characteristics of fecundity, number of spawning events, life stages, parental care, attrition rates, time to reproductive maturity, and other factors. Survivorship index values may be used as multipliers to permitting criteria, resulting in toxicological-ecological guidelines that incorporate toxicological information with regional ecological and population characteristics for local or regional application. We intended the procedure to serve as a step toward incorporating population and ecological information into regulatory procedures with the goal of protecting biodiversity from chronic toxic impacts. C1 Univ Kentucky, Grad Ctr Toxicol, Lexington, KY 40536 USA. RP Spromberg, JA (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM julann.spromberg@noaa.gov FU NIEHS NIH HHS [ES07266] NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 24 IS 6 BP 1541 EP 1547 DI 10.1897/04-159.1 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 926RN UT WOS:000229140400032 PM 16117135 ER PT J AU Chittaro, PM Usseglio, P Fryer, BJ Sale, PF AF Chittaro, PM Usseglio, P Fryer, BJ Sale, PF TI Using otolith microchemistry of Haemulon flavolineatum (French Grunt) to characterize mangroves and coral reefs throughout Turneffe Atoll, Belize: Difficulties at small spatial scales SO ESTUARIES LA English DT Article ID TRACE-ELEMENTS; ICP-MS; NURSERY HABITATS; MARINE FISH; EYE LENSES; JUVENILE; ESTUARINE; RECRUITMENT; STRONTIUM; CHEMISTRY AB We investigated whether the otolith chemistry of Haemulon flavolineatum (French grunt), a nocturnally active fish, could be used as a means to differentiate individuals occupying mangrove and coral reef habitats. In 2003, adults were collected from 9 mangrove and 10 coral reef sites throughout Turneffe Atoll, Belize. Concentrations of trace elements were measured at the edge of sagittal otoliths by laser ablated inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Results of a two-factor nested MANCOVA (sites nested within habitat and covariate of fish size), used to investigate whether significant differences in otolith elemental concentrations existed between habitats (i.e., mangrove versus reef) and among sites, indicated significant differences between habitats, in terms of lithium, magnesium, zinc, and rubidium (fish from mangroves had greater concentrations than those from coral reefs), as well as among sites (for several elements). Because elemental variability existed between habitats and among sites, we asked whether this variability was sufficient to differentiate habitats and sites using separate linear discriminant function analyses (LDEA). LDFA indicated that fish were classified to the habitat (mangrove or reef) from which they were collected with a moderate degree of accuracy (correct classification of 74% and 79% for mangrove and coral reef fish, respectively), but were poorly classified to the site from which they were collected (average correct classification of 46% with a range of 0-89%). Otolith microchemical investigations of H. flavolineatum at Turneffe Atoll can be used to identify movement between habitats, yet due to the lack of unique site-specific chemical signatures likely caused by the nocturnal movement of individuals, it will not be possible to identify specific sites from which reef fish originated. C1 Univ Windsor, Dept Biol Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Univ Windsor, Dept Earth Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Chittaro, PM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Paul.Chittaro@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU ESTUARINE RES FEDERATION PI LAWRENCE PA PO BOX 368, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0160-8347 J9 ESTUARIES JI Estuaries PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 3 BP 373 EP 381 DI 10.1007/BF02693920 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 950SI UT WOS:000230877300006 ER PT J AU Pittman, SJ Pittman, KM AF Pittman, SJ Pittman, KM TI Short-term consequences of a benthic cyanobacterial bloom (Lyngbya majuscula Gomont) for fish and penaeid prawns in Moreton Bay (Queensland, Australia) SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE cyanobacteria; algal bloom; Lyngbya majuscula; mangroves; seagrasses; Moreton Bay ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; SEABREAM SPARUS-AURATA; LOW DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; NEW-SOUTH-WALES; SECONDARY METABOLITES; MICROCOLEUS-LYNGBYACEUS; MARINE CYANOBACTERIA; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; POSIDONIA SEAGRASS; HABITAT COMPLEXITY AB This study examined the phenology and ecological consequences of a benthic filamentous cyanobacterial bloom (Lyngbya majuscula) in Deception Bay (Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia). Bloom initiation occurred in mid December 1999 and expanded to encompass an 8 km(2) area by April 2000. Small fish and penaeid prawns (< 25 cm total length) were quantitatively sampled through periods designated as before, during and after the bloom using a combination of pop-netting within mangroves and beam trawling over adjacent seagrass beds. Data on larger-bodied fish were compiled from daily fishing logs provided by local commercial fishers. Changes in dry mass of bloom material caught in nets and changes in water chemistry were also measured. Mean concentrations of ammonia-N in residual water within mangroves were several orders of magnitude higher in the affected area than in the control and dissolved oxygen was markedly lower in affected areas. Across the study area, mean density, live mass and number of species declined during the bloom, with fish assemblages using mangroves showing greater decline than assemblages using seagrasses. Response at the species level was highly variable; generally, epibenthic species showed a more sustained decline than demersals. Mean monthly fish catch was significantly lower in bloom than non-bloom years. This study has also demonstrated that throughout the bloom, the affected area continued to support a highly diverse and abundant fish and prawn assemblage, and probably maintained its function as an important nursery habitat for many species. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Queensland, Dept Geog Planning & Architecture, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Pittman, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, CCMA Biogeog Program, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM simon.pittman@noaa.gov NR 89 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 5 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 63 IS 4 BP 619 EP 632 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2005.01.007 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 935UW UT WOS:000229809900013 ER PT J AU Fett, T Guin, JP Wiederhorn, SM AF Fett, T Guin, JP Wiederhorn, SM TI Stresses in ion-exchange layers of soda-lime-silicate glass SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE Cruse-Besuner procedure; ion exchange layer; ring-on-ring test; soda-lime glass; stress intensity computation; weight function procedure AB This paper presents a new method to determine both the magnitude and the sign of the surface stresses that develop as a consequence of sodium/hydrogen ion exchange in soda-lime-silicate glass immersed in water. At 90 degrees C, very thin layers that develop at the surfaces of polished glass specimens are found to have extremely high compressive stresses, -2.4 GPa. The negative sign of the stress is consistent with earlier findings that the ion-exchange process involves hydronium ions (H3O+) and not bare protons (H+). C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mat Forsch 2, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Fett, T (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mat Forsch 2, Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. EM theo.fett@imf.fzk.de RI guin, jean-pierre/A-5969-2009 OI guin, jean-pierre/0000-0003-2480-5893 NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 6 BP 507 EP 514 DI 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2005.00888.x PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 928GK UT WOS:000229259200002 ER PT J AU Allman, RJ Fitzhugh, GR Starzinger, KJ Farsky, RA AF Allman, RJ Fitzhugh, GR Starzinger, KJ Farsky, RA TI Precision of age estimation in red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE red snapper; otolith; average percent error; annulus; marginal increment analysis ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; NORTHERN GULF; GROWTH; OTOLITHS; VALIDATION AB The validation of aging methods is an important step in estimating growth and longevity and has been accomplished for red snapper. However, routine age interpretation remains largely subjective. A reference collection of 300 red snapper otoliths was circulated among seven external laboratories in the Gulf of Mexico region to compare ages against our internal laboratory determinations. A precision benchmark of average percent error (APE; estimate of precision) <= 5% has been suggested for moderately long-lived species such as red snapper. APE ranged from 2.5 to 6.0% for six facilities with no apparent bias in estimates as age increased. One initial estimate was notably higher with an APE of 11.6% and bias was evident. Beyond the need for initial training to recognize annulus patterns in decades-old fish, common differences between readers were related to interpretation of the otolith edge type and to interpretation of the first annulus. Precise measurement of annulus distances and identification of otolith edge patterns aided by light reflectivity measurements indicated that annual rates of transition from translucence to opacity were consistent. However, annual differences in the seasonal timing of otolith zone transition occurred on the order of a few months (this study and others). The degree of opacity varied in the first annulus, but the distance from the core to the distal edge of the first annulus was consistently around 1 mm (mean = 1.05 mm; S.D. = 0.11). By recognizing possible variations in these patterns and with use of periodic reader training and a reference collection, our expectation is that a 5% APE precision target can be readily achieved and improved upon. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Allman, RJ (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM bob.allman@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 123 EP 133 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2004.12.012 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 923WO UT WOS:000228940400011 ER PT J AU Romare, P Schindler, DE Scheuerell, MD Scheuerell, JM Litt, AH Shepherd, JH AF Romare, P Schindler, DE Scheuerell, MD Scheuerell, JM Litt, AH Shepherd, JH TI Variation in spatial and temporal gradients in zooplankton spring development: the effect of climatic factors SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE climate effects; Daphnia; spatial gradient; temporal gradient; zooplankton ID CRUSTACEAN PLANKTON; LAKE WASHINGTON; FISH; POPULATIONS; DYNAMICS; LARVAL; SPACE; TIME AB 1. We examined the temporal and spatial heterogeneity of zooplankton in lake surface waters during the spring of 3 years in Lake Washington, U.S.A., a large lake with a high production of sockeye salmon fry. 2. We show large within-season and among-year variation in the horizontal distribution of temperature, chlorophyll a concentration, and zooplankton in the lake. The main pattern, a delay in zooplankton population increase from the north- to the south-end of the lake, recurred in each year and was persistent within each spring. 3. The delay is primarily caused by the development of a temperature gradient during spring warming, as cold mountain water enters the south end of the lake, while warm water enters the north end via a river draining a nearby lake. Climate factors, such as air temperature and precipitation during winter and spring, appear to influence the extent of the delay of zooplankton increase. 4. If the climate continues to warm, the temporal disconnection in zooplankton development between lake areas immediately influenced by cold river inflow and areas that are influenced by spring warming may increase in magnitude. Thus, the different areas of the lake may not contribute equally to fish production. C1 Lund Univ, Dept Limnol, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Romare, P (reprint author), Lund Univ, Dept Limnol, Ecol Bldg, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM pia.romare@limnol.lu.se RI Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 NR 22 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 6 BP 1007 EP 1021 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2005.01386.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 925VO UT WOS:000229081600008 ER PT J AU Anderson, EC AF Anderson, EC TI An efficient Monte Carlo method for estimating N-e from temporally spaced samples using a coalescent-based likelihood SO GENETICS LA English DT Article ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; ALLELE FREQUENCY CHANGES; ANCESTRAL INFERENCE; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; SEQUENCE DATA; GENETICS; PROPORTIONS; DRIFT AB This article presents an efficient importance-sampling method for computing the likelihood of the effective size of a population under the coalescent model of Berthier et al. Previous computational approaches, using Markov chain Monte Carlo, required many minutes to several hours to analyze small data sets. The approach presented here is orders of magnitude faster and can provide an approximation to the likelihood curve, even for large data sets, in a matter of seconds. Additionally, confidence intervals on the estimated likelihood curve provide a useful estimate of the Monte Carlo error. Simulations show the importance sampling to be stable across a wide range of scenarios and show that the N-e estimator itself performs well. Further simulations show that the 95% confidence intervals around the N-e estimate are accurate. User-friendly software implementing the algorithm for Mac, Windows, and Unix/Linux is available for download. Applications of this computational framework to other problems are discussed. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Anderson, EC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM eric.anderson@noaa.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM-40282, R01 GM040282] NR 33 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU GENETICS PI BALTIMORE PA 428 EAST PRESTON ST, BALTIMORE, MD 21202 USA SN 0016-6731 J9 GENETICS JI Genetics PD JUN PY 2005 VL 170 IS 2 BP 955 EP 967 DI 10.1534/genetics.104.038349 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 944PT UT WOS:000230441900042 PM 15834143 ER PT J AU Maus, S Macmillan, S Chernova, T Choi, S Dater, D Golovkov, V Lesur, V Lowes, F Luhr, H Mai, W McLean, S Olsen, N Rother, M Sabaka, T Thomson, A Zvereva, T AF Maus, S Macmillan, S Chernova, T Choi, S Dater, D Golovkov, V Lesur, V Lowes, F Luhr, H Mai, W McLean, S Olsen, N Rother, M Sabaka, T Thomson, A Zvereva, T CA IAGA TI The 10th-Generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE geomagnetic field model; geomagnetic reference field; IGPF; secular variation AB The International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy (IAGA) on 2004 December 12 has released the 10th-Generation International Geomagnetic Reference Field-the latest version of a standard mathematical description of the Earth's main magnetic field used widely in studies of the Earth's deep interior, its crust, ionosphere and magnetosphere. The coefficients were finalized by a task force of IAGA. The IGRF is the product of a large collaborative effort between magnetic field modellers and the institutes involved in collecting and disseminating magnetic field data from satellites and observatories around the world. C1 NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Maus, S (reprint author), NOAA, NGDC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Stefan.Maus@noaa.gov RI Olsen, Nils/H-1822-2011; Sabaka, Terence/D-5618-2012; Lesur, Vincent/H-1031-2012 OI Olsen, Nils/0000-0003-1132-6113; Lesur, Vincent/0000-0003-2568-320X NR 3 TC 83 Z9 90 U1 1 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 161 IS 3 BP 561 EP 565 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02641.x PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 935OX UT WOS:000229792700001 ER PT J AU McMillan, WW Barnet, C Strow, L Chahine, MT McCourt, ML Warner, JX Novelli, PC Korontzi, S Maddy, ES Datta, S AF McMillan, WW Barnet, C Strow, L Chahine, MT McCourt, ML Warner, JX Novelli, PC Korontzi, S Maddy, ES Datta, S TI Daily global maps of carbon monoxide from NASA's Atmospheric Infrared Sounder SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; SOUTHERN AFRICA; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; PERSPECTIVE; RETRIEVAL; PRODUCTS; CO AB We present the first observations of tropospheric carbon monoxide (CO) by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) onboard NASA's Aqua satellite. AIRS daily coverage of similar to 70% of the planet represents a significant evolutionary advance in satellite trace gas remote sensing. Tropospheric CO abundances are retrieved from AIRS 4.55 mu m spectral region using the full AIRS retrieval algorithm run in a research mode. The presented AIRS daily global CO maps from 22 29 September 2002 show large-scale, long-range transport of CO from anthropogenic and natural sources, most notably from biomass burning. The sequence of daily maps reveal CO advection from Brazil to the South Atlantic in qualitative agreement with previous observations. Forward trajectory analysis confirms this scenario and indicates much longer range transport into the southern Indian Ocean. Preliminary comparisons to in situ aircraft profiles indicate AIRS CO retrievals are approaching the 15% accuracy target set by pre-launch simulations. C1 UMBC, Dept Phys, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. NOAA, NESDIS ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NOAA, CMDL, Boulder, CO USA. RP McMillan, WW (reprint author), UMBC, Dept Phys, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM mcmillan@umbc.edu RI Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010 OI Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X NR 25 TC 95 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 11 AR L11801 DI 10.1029/2004GL021821 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 936BL UT WOS:000229827900001 ER PT J AU Cadrin, SX Silva, VM AF Cadrin, SX Silva, VM TI Morphometric variation of yellowtail flounder SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Limanda ferruginea; morphometrics; sexual dimorphism; stock identification; yellowtail flounder ID GROWTH; IDENTIFICATION; BEHAVIOR; SIZE AB Significant variation in morphometry was found between sexes of yellowtail flounder and among eight geographic areas, from the Grand Bank to the Mid-Atlantic Bight. Females had relatively deeper abdomens and larger heads than males. Newfoundland samples had relatively shorter bodies, deeper abdomens and longer heads than those from south of Nova Scotia. Morphometric analyses classified 71-95% of yellowtail to the correct Canadian area, but accuracy was lower for areas off the northeastern United States (43-76%). Morphometric differences are consistent with differences in ontogenetic rates among groups. However, shape differences were not strong enough to delineate geographic stocks of the northeastern United States. (c) 2005 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Cadrin, SX (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St Woods Hole, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM steven.cadrin@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 4 BP 683 EP 694 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.02.006 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 934GF UT WOS:000229694200007 ER PT J AU Hadacek, N Dresselhaus, PD Chong, Y Benz, SP Bonevich, JE AF Hadacek, N Dresselhaus, PD Chong, Y Benz, SP Bonevich, JE TI Fabrication and measurement of tall stacked arrays of SNS Josephson junctions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE Josephson junction; lumped array; MoSi2; multilayer; voltage standard ID SERIES ARRAYS AB The authors have made tall, uniform stacked Josephson junction arrays by developing an etch process using an inductively coupled plasma etcher. This process produces vertical profiles in thin-film multilayers of alternating superconducting and normal metals. Such a vertical etch is necessary to obtain uniform properties in high-density arrays in order to achieve operating margins for voltage-standard applications. The authors use dry-etchable MoSi2 for the normal metal barrier of our niobium Josephson junctions and obtain working series arrays with stacks up to 10 junctions tall. The authors present dc and microwave electrical characteristics of distributed and lumped arrays and discuss the technological improvements needed to fabricate lumped arrays for voltage-standard applications. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hadacek, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hadacek@boulder.nist.gov; john.bonevich@nist.gov NR 14 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 110 EP 113 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849706 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300010 ER PT J AU Ruggiero, ST Arnold, GB Williams, A Clark, AM Miller, NA Ullom, JN AF Ruggiero, ST Arnold, GB Williams, A Clark, AM Miller, NA Ullom, JN TI Dilute Al-Mn alloys for superconductor tunneling and other devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE Al-Mn; resonant scattering; superconducting aluminum alloys; tunneling ID X-RAY MICROCALORIMETER; TEMPERATURE; SENSORS AB The authors present tunneling results for junctions comprising Mn doped Al films produced by sputter deposition, with Mn concentrations in the range of 0-5000 ppm. Our results for S'/I/S', S'/I/S, and N/I/S junctions demonstrate that Al-Mn alloys can serve both as superconductors with critical temperatures reduced from that of Al and as normal metals. The authors find Al-Mn in this doping range to be otherwise identical to pure Al in terms of its BCS-like tunnel characteristics (for superconductors) and its ability to produce high-quality tunnel barriers. C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM ruggiero.l@nd.edu; vincedis@yahoo.com; amclark@ball.com; Nathan.Miller@colorado.edu; ullom@boulder.nist.gov RI Tomlin, Nathan/A-4927-2009 OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 125 EP 128 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849710 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300014 ER PT J AU Dresselhaus, PD Chong, Y Benz, SP AF Dresselhaus, PD Chong, Y Benz, SP TI Stacked Nb-MoSi2-Nb Josephson junctions for AC voltage standards SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE digital-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; superconducting devices; superconducting films; thin film devices ID ARRAYS AB Superconductor-normal metal-superconductor (SNS) Josephson junctions have proven to be a critical technology for voltage standards. NIST has used SNS junctions for both de and ac programmable voltage standards. Previous devices have used primarily PdAu as a normal-metal barrier material. In this paper we present measurements of circuits having MOSi2 barriers. Stacking enables the junctions to be packed more densely, thus increasing design flexibility and margins for the microwave circuits. In this work, measurements are presented from two and three-junction stacks for application to ac Josephson voltage standards, which show output voltage and distortion near our best previously published results. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dresselhaus, PD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.dresselhaus@nist.gov NR 9 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 449 EP 452 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849871 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300093 ER PT J AU Chong, Y Burroughs, CJ Dresselhaus, PD Hadacek, N Yamamori, H Benz, SP AF Chong, Y Burroughs, CJ Dresselhaus, PD Hadacek, N Yamamori, H Benz, SP TI Practical high-resolution programmable Josephson voltage standards using double- and triple-stacked MOSi2-barrier junctions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE Josephson arrays; programmable voltage standard; superconducting integrated circuits; superconductor-normal-superconductor devices ID ARRAYS AB We have developed vertically stacked superconductor- normal-metal-superconductor Josephson junction technology for the next-generation quantum voltage standards. Stacked junctions provide a practical way of increasing the output voltage and operating margins. In this paper, we present fully functioning programmable voltage standard chips with double- and triple- stacked MoSi2 barrier Josephson junctions with over 100 000 junctions operating simultaneously on a 1 cm x I cm chip. The maximum output voltages of the double- and triple-stacked chips were 2.6 V and 3.9 V, with respective operating current margins of 2 mA and I mA. A new trinary-logic design is used to achieve higher voltage resolution. Thermal transport in these high-density chips will be briefly discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yonuk@boulder.nist.gov NR 17 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 461 EP 464 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849874 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300096 ER PT J AU Burroughs, CJ Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Chong, Y Yamamori, H AF Burroughs, CJ Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Chong, Y Yamamori, H TI Flexible cryo-packages for Josephson devices SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE chip bonding; cryo-packaging; Josephson arrays; Josephson voltage standard ID VOLTAGE STANDARD AB We have developed a method of bonding superconductive integrated-circuit chips to interchangeable, microwave-compatible, flexible cryo-packages. This "flip-chip on flex" technology will greatly improve the service life and reliability of our Josephson systems because the present press-contacts to the chip are replaced with directly soldered connections. The new method eliminates the most common failure mode for our Josephson chips, which has been the degradation and variation of the contact resistances of the chip pads due to mechanical wear upon repeated thermal cycles from 4 degrees K to room temperature. The superior microwave properties of this packaging provide improved operating margins for our devices. We have demonstrated the reliability of the bonds with repeated thermal cycling for 100% operational chips with 40 connections (67 410 Josephson junctions). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. AIST, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058568, Japan. RP Burroughs, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM burroughs@boulder.nist.gov NR 8 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 465 EP 468 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849876 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300097 ER PT J AU Hadfield, RH Miller, AJ Nam, SW Schwall, RE Grossman, EN AF Hadfield, RH Miller, AJ Nam, SW Schwall, RE Grossman, EN TI Antenna coupled niobium bolometers for 10 mu m wavelength radiation detection SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE antennas; bolometers; infrared detectors; superconducting radiation detectors AB We report on the fabrication and testing of antenna-coupled niobium bolometers for 10 mu m wavelength radiation detection. We use 20 nm thick Nb films on oxidized Si substrates. The bolonieter design consists of a 1 mu m x 1 mu m Nb microbridge embedded in either a dipole or a spiral An antenna. We have performed dark de tests on devices in vacuum at 4.2 K. Current biased dark measurements correspond well to established theory. This result allows us to extract an upper limit for the value of thermal conductance g (340 nWK(-))-hence an indirect measure of the device bandwidth (0.2 GHz). Measurements under incident black body radiation show that the radiation perturbs the return switching characteristics of the devices. C1 NIST, Div 817, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hadfield, RH (reprint author), NIST, Div 817, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hadfield@boulder.nist.gov RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013 OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 541 EP 544 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849913 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300116 ER PT J AU Miller, NA Clark, AM Williams, A Ruggiero, ST Hilton, GC Beall, JA Irwin, KD Vale, LR Ullom, JN AF Miller, NA Clark, AM Williams, A Ruggiero, ST Hilton, GC Beall, JA Irwin, KD Vale, LR Ullom, JN TI Measurements and modeling of phonon cooling by electron-tunneling refrigerators SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE microrefrigerator; NIS junction; phonon cooling; tunneling AB We demonstrate cooling of the electrons and phonons of a silicon nitride (Si-N) membrane by solid-state refrigerators based on normal metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions. We report a temperature reduction of the Si-N membrane from 260 mK to 240 mK, while the electrons in the normal metal of the refrigerator are cooled to 145 mK. We explain the mechanism for cooling an isolated membrane and make quantitative comparisons between experiment and a finite-element thermal model. The model indicates that increasing the thermal conductivity of the cold-fingers, improving the transparency of the tunnel junctions, and reducing the power load through the membrane will make it possible to cool the membrane from 260 mK to below 170 mK. The refrigeration of a membrane makes it possible to integrate other cryogenic devices that require sub-Kelvin temperatures for optimal performance, such as thin-film sensors. We demonstrate this integration by combining NIS refrigerators with an x-ray Transition-Edge-Sensor (TES). C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Miller, NA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM nmiller@boulder.nist.gov; amclark@ball.com; vincedis@yahoo.com; ruggiero.1@nd.edu; ullom@boulder.nist.gov RI Tomlin, Nathan/A-4927-2009 OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045 NR 7 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 556 EP 559 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849917 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300120 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, D Lita, AE Miller, AJ Nam, S Schwall, RE AF Rosenberg, D Lita, AE Miller, AJ Nam, S Schwall, RE TI Performance of photon-number resolving transition-edge sensors with integrated 1550 nm resonant cavities SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE infrared detectors; photodetectors; quantum efficiency; superconducting radiation detectors ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; SERIES ARRAY; MICROCALORIMETER; METALS; NOISE AB Many quantum-information applications require high-efficiency, low-noise, single-photon detectors that operate at visible and near-infrared wavelengths. The tunable superconducting critical temperature and anomalously low electron-phonon coupling of tungsten make it a suitable material for the fabrication of transition-edge sensors (TESs) that meet these requirements. The quantum efficiency of a typical tungsten TES detector, intrinsically around 15% at 1550 nm, can be increased by placing the tungsten detector in a resonant cavity, but the performance of a device embedded in a cavity has not been tested previously. We demonstrate that the presence of the cavity does not adversely affect the sensitivity or response time, and we report on the device characteristics of a new generation of tungsten TESs with greater than 80 % quantum efficiency at 1550 nm. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rosenberg, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rdanna@boulder.nist.gov NR 17 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 575 EP 578 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849925 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300125 ER PT J AU Booth, JC Leong, K Schima, SA Jargon, JA DeGroot, DC Schwall, R AF Booth, JC Leong, K Schima, SA Jargon, JA DeGroot, DC Schwall, R TI Phase-sensitive measurements of nonlinearity in high-temperature superconductor thin films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE high-temperature superconductivity; microwave frequency; nonlinear response ID MICROSTRIP RESONATORS; MICROWAVE PROPERTIES; TRANSMISSION-LINES; MGB2 FILMS; INTERMODULATION; IMPEDANCE; DEVICES AB We present new frequency-dependent measurements of both the magnitude and phase of the nonlinear response in superconducting thin films at microwave frequencies obtained using a large-signal network analyzer. Our measurements show that the nonlinear inductance dominates the nonlinear response in thin YBCO films at 76 K, and our analysis yields two current-density scales corresponding to the real and imaginary components of the nonlinear response. The current-density scale associated with the dominant inductive response likely results from intrinsic pair-breaking, while the current-density scale associated with the nonlinear resistive term is smaller than the expected value due to pair-breaking, and could originate from vortex motion or other extrinsic effects. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Booth, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM booth@boulder.nist.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1000 EP 1003 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.850169 PN 1 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FO UT WOS:000229765300231 ER PT J AU Martovetsky, NN Bruzzone, P Stepanov, B Wesche, R Gung, CY Minervini, JV Takayasu, M Goodrich, LF Ekin, JW Nijhuis, A AF Martovetsky, NN Bruzzone, P Stepanov, B Wesche, R Gung, CY Minervini, JV Takayasu, M Goodrich, LF Ekin, JW Nijhuis, A TI Effect of conduit material on CWX performance under high cycling loads SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE Nb3Sn cable in conduit; superconducting cables; superconducting filaments and wires ID SOLENOID MODEL COIL; INSERT; FIELD; CONDUCTORS AB Recent International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) Model Coils and tests on Nb-3 So Cable in Conduit Conductors (CICC) showed a significant and unexpected increase in the broadness of the transition to the normal state, resulting in degradation of superconducting properties. To investigate these phenomena, two CICC samples were built with identical 144 strand cables but different conduit materials. One sample had titanium conduit with low coefficient of thermal expansion, the other had stainless steel conduit. The purpose of this experiment was to study changes in strand properties in the cable (critical current, current sharing temperature, n-value), the effects of cycling and high electromagnetic load, and the effect of the conduit on the CICC performance. C1 Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. CRPP, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. MIT, Plasma Sci & Fus Ctr, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. RP Martovetsky, NN (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. EM martovetsky1@llnl.gov; pierluigi.bruzzone@psi.ch; minervini@psfc.mit.edu; goodrich@boulder.nist.gov; a.nijhuis@tn.utwente.nl NR 12 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 1367 EP 1370 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849091 PN 2 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935FS UT WOS:000229765700069 ER PT J AU Cook, LP Klein, R Wong-Ng, W Huang, Q Ribeiro, RA Canfield, PC AF Cook, LP Klein, R Wong-Ng, W Huang, Q Ribeiro, RA Canfield, PC TI Thermodynamics of MgB2 - by calorimetry and Knudsen thermogravimetry SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE enthalpy of formation; MgB2 phase diagram; thermodynamics; vapor pressure AB The vapor pressure of MgB2, corresponding to the reaction, 2 MgB2(cr) -> MgB4(cr) + Mg(g), has been measured by Knudsen effusion vacuum thermogravimetry. The vapor pressure over the range 600 degrees C-850 degrees C can be expressed as: log p(mg)(Pa) = -1.129141 (10000/T) + 7.328161, where T is the temperature in Kelvin. By extrapolation, the 0.1 MPa decomposition temperature of MgB, is estimated to be 1268 degrees C. In a separate calorimetric investigation on the same material, using the isoperibol solution method, we measured the enthalpy of formation of MgB2, Delta(f)H(MgB2)degrees (298.15), to be -(155.9 +/- 14.2) kJ (.) mol(-1). By combining the vapor pressure data and the enthalpy data, the Mg-rich part of the Mg-B phase diagram can be calculated. The measured vapor pressures are approximately an order of magnitude higher than those derived from published thermodynamic data. The lower limit of Mg pressures for the deposition of high-purity MgB2 thin films at any given temperature may therefore be at a higher value than previously thought. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50010 USA. RP Cook, LP (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lawrence.cook@nist.gov; canfield@ameslab.gov RI Ribeiro, Raquel/B-9041-2012; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014 OI Ribeiro, Raquel/0000-0001-6075-1701; NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3227 EP 3229 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848809 PN 3 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200202 ER PT J AU Goodrich, LF Stauffer, TC AF Goodrich, LF Stauffer, TC TI Variable-temperature critical-current measurements on a Nb3Sn wire SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE critical-current measurement; niobium compound; superconducting wires; temperature control AB We made variable-temperature critical-current (I-c) measurements on a commercial multifilamentary Nb3Sn wire for temperatures (T) from 4 to 17 K and magnetic fields (H) from 0 to 12 T using transport current. The sample had a diameter of 0.811 mm and a Cu/non-Cu ratio of about 1.5. The measurements cover the range of critical currents from less than 0.01 A to over 700 A. To verify the measurements at variable temperature, we compared critical currents up to 400 A on a specimen that was immersed in liquid helium to those on the same specimen in flowing helium gas. This comparison indicated our ability to control and measure specimen temperature was within 40 mK. The critical-current data presented include electric field/current (E - I) characteristics, and E - T characteristics at constant I and H, I-c(H) at constant T, and I-c(T) at constant H. Such data may be used to determine the temperature margin of magnet applications. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Goodrich, LF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM goodrich@boulder.nist.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3356 EP 3359 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.848902 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200235 ER PT J AU Lita, AE Rosenberg, D Nam, S Miller, AJ Balzar, D Kaatz, LM Schwall, RE AF Lita, AE Rosenberg, D Nam, S Miller, AJ Balzar, D Kaatz, LM Schwall, RE TI Tuning of tungsten thin film superconducting transition temperature for fabrication of photon number resolving detectors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE materials processing; stress; superconducting films; x-ray measurements ID BETA-TUNGSTEN AB Tungsten thin films can form in one of two crystal structures: alpha (bcc), with a superconducting transition temperature (T-c) of 15 mK, and beta (A 15), with a T-c between I and 4 K. Films with intermediate T(c)s are composed of both alpha and beta phases. We have investigated how to tune the film T-c in order to obtain certain values (T-c similar to 100 mK) suitable for the fabrication of photon number resolving transition-edge sensor (TES) and arrays of TES detectors for astronomical and quantum information applications. Variation of deposition conditions, and also the choice of the underlayer/coating for equal deposition conditions, affect the T(c)s of tungsten films. We have used x-ray diffraction to determine the structure of tungsten thin films and film stress. The results indicates that the film stress state depends on the underlying substrate and coating. To understand the variation of T-c values and to allow precise tuning of these values, we have investigated substrates and coatings for tungsten film multilayer stacks and determined tungsten film stress by x-ray diffraction at both room temperature and 8 K. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO USA. RP Lita, AE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM lita@boulder.nist.gov NR 15 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 15 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3528 EP 3531 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849033 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200277 ER PT J AU Ekin, JW Cheggour, N Abrecht, M Clickner, C Field, M Hong, S Parrell, J Zhang, YZ AF Ekin, JW Cheggour, N Abrecht, M Clickner, C Field, M Hong, S Parrell, J Zhang, YZ TI Compressive pre-strain in high-niobium-fraction Nb3Sn superconductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE axial strain; critical current; electromechanical properties; Nb3Sn; niobium-tin; pre-strain; thermal contraction AB Multifilamentary Nb3Sn superconducting strands fabricated with high niobium fractions have exceptionally high critical-current densities but are sometimes marginally stable during testing. We report a technique for determining the pre-strain in such conductors, in which additional stabilizing copper is electroplated onto the conductor and the pre-strain is determined by extrapolation to the as-fabricated niobium fraction. This technique is used to measure the pre-strain in conductors with high niobium fractions of 20% to 30%. Values of the pre-strain epsilon(max) in these conductors are reduced to the range 0.1% to 0.2%, which is significantly less than the epsilon(max) values of 0.2% to 0.4% in traditional bronze-process Nb3Sn conductors (where niobium fractions are typically about 10% to 15%). However, including about 20% dispersion-strengthened copper into the conductor matrix restores epsilon(max) to the range 0.25% to 0.35%, thus providing practical levels of epsilon(max) for magnet design in high-niobium-fraction strands. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Oxford Superconducting Technol, Carteret, NJ 07008 USA. RP Ekin, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ekin@boulder.nist.gov RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065 NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3560 EP 3563 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849360 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200285 ER PT J AU Cheggour, N Ekin, JW Thieme, CLH AF Cheggour, N Ekin, JW Thieme, CLH TI Magnetic-field dependence of the reversible axial-strain effect in Y-Ba-Cu-O coated conductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE coated conductors; critical current; pinning force; RABiTS; reversible strain effect; scaling; YBCO ID PINNING FORCE DENSITY; SCALING LAW; TEMPERATURE; WIRES; DEPOSITION; FILMS AB The critical-current density J(c) of an yttrium-barium-copper-oxide (YBCO) coated conductor deposited on a biaxially-textured Ni-5at.%W substrate was measured at 76.5 K as a function of axial tensile strain epsilon and magnetic field B applied parallel to the YBCO (a, b) plane. Reversibility of J(c), with strain was observed up to epsilon similar or equal to 0.6% over the entire field range studied (from 0.05 to 16.5 T), which confirms the existence of an intrinsic strain effect in YBCO coated conductors. J(c) vs. E depends strongly on magnetic field. The decrease of J(c) (epsilon) grows systematically with magnetic field above 2-3 T, and, unexpectedly, the reverse happens below 2 T as this decrease shrinks with increasing field. The pinning force density F-p = J(c) X B scaled with field for all values of strain applied, which shows that Fp can be written as K(T, epsilon)b(P)(1 - b)(q), where p and q are constants, K is a function of temperature and strain, b = B/B-c2* is the reduced magnetic field, and B* is the effective upper critical field at which Fp(B) extrapolates to zero. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Amer Superconductor Corp, Westborough, MA 01581 USA. RP Cheggour, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cheggour@boulder.nist.gov RI Cheggour, Najib/K-2769-2012 OI Cheggour, Najib/0000-0002-0741-3065 NR 10 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3577 EP 3580 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849364 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200289 ER PT J AU Leong, KT Booth, JC Schima, SA AF Leong, KT Booth, JC Schima, SA TI A current-density scale for characterizing nonlinearity in high-T-c superconductors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE high-temperature superconductors; microwave devices; nonlinear response ID MICROSTRIP RESONATOR; INTERMODULATION DISTORTION; MICROWAVE INTERMODULATION; THIN-FILMS; GENERATION AB In this paper, we characterize microwave nonlinearity in a high temperature superconducting (HTS) thin-film by measuring a geometry-independent current-density scale j(o). The quantity j(o) specifies the strength of a material-dependent nonlinearity, and can be used to calculate the nonlinear microwave response of planar superconducting transmission-line devices. Our procedure for determining j(o) involves microwave measurements on superconducting coplanar waveguide devices patterned onto the HTS sample. In a YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO) sample, We obtained a maximum experimental value for j(o) of approximately, 3.26 x 10(8) A/cm(2) at 25 K. From the measured temperature-dependence of j(o) in our YBCO sample, and assuming a theoretical pair-breaking current density j(c), equal to 3 x 10(8) A/cm(2), We calculated the temperature dependence of the quasiparticle factor b(T). The curve of the experimentally obtained b(T) matched well with a theoretically-predicted behavior in the scenario of d-wave symmetry in the superconducting order parameter. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Leong, KT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM kleong@boulder.nist.gov NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3608 EP 3611 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849371 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200296 ER PT J AU Goodrich, LF Stauffer, TC Splett, JD Vecchia, DF AF Goodrich, LF Stauffer, TC Splett, JD Vecchia, DF TI Unexpected effect of field angle in magnetoresistance measurements of high-purity Nb SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE angular dependence; niobium; residual resistivity ratio; resistance measurement; superconductor AB We report on unexpected field-angle dependence of magnetoresistance measurements of commercial, high-purity Nb discovered during our study of residual resistivity ratio (RRR) measurements. The RRR value indicates the purity and the low-temperature thermal conductivity of the Nb and is used as a specification for superconducting radio-frequency cavities. The RRR is typically defined as the ratio of the electrical resistivities; measured at 273 K and 4.2 K. One way to obtain the normal-state resistivity at 4.2 K is to measure the resistivity versus magnetic field at 4.2 K and extrapolate to zero field. The field-angle dependence was measured when a specimen was rotated while the field was transverse to the specimen current. The resistance changed by about 10% as the angle varied at 8 T and the local maxima and minima of the resistance were separated by about 300. This was observed on three polycrystalline Nb bar specimens with nominal dimensions of 64 mm X 6.7 mm X 3.3 mm and voltage taps separated by 30 mm. A similar field-angle dependence was obtained on a polycrystalline Cu wire specimen. This phenomenon has implications for Nb RRR measurements and interlaboratory comparisons. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Goodrich, LF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM goodrich@boulder.nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3616 EP 3619 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849373 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200298 ER PT J AU Lee, JH Yang, WI Kim, MJ Booth, JC Leong, K Schima, S Rudman, D Lee, SY AF Lee, JH Yang, WI Kim, MJ Booth, JC Leong, K Schima, S Rudman, D Lee, SY TI Accurate measurements of the intrinsic surface impedance of thin YBa2Cu3O6-delta films using a modified two-tone resonator method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE dielectric resonator; intrinsic surface impedance; TE mode; YBCO film ID DIELECTRIC RESONATORS; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; RUTILE; SUPERCONDUCTORS; RESISTANCE; CAVITY AB We propose a modified two-tone method that could be used for sensitive measurements of the intrinsic microwave surface impedance (Z(S)) of thin superconductor films and the tan delta of a low-loss dielectric. An open-gap resonator scheme is used to measure the penetration depth (A) of thin superconductor films and extract the intrinsic ZS of the superconductor films from its measured R-S(eff) and lambda. We use a very small gap of 10 mu m between the top plate and the rest parts of the resonator. The tan delta of rutile in the low 10(-7) range and the dielectric constant as high as similar to 110 are observed at temperatures below 10 K at similar to 15.2 GHz, which enable to measure the R-S of the 10 mm-in-diameter YBCO films as low as similar to 100 mu Omega at the same frequency (f). The discrepancy between the R-S(eff) at similar to 15.2 GHz and that at similar to 8.5 GHz scaled to similar to 15.2 GHz appears less than 2% when the relations of R-S proportional to f(2) and tan delta proportional to f are used. We describe usefulness of our measurement method for measuring the intrinsic microwave properties of various superconductor samples. C1 Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Konkuk Univ, Ctr Emerging Wires Transmiss Technol, Seoul 143701, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lee, JH (reprint author), Konkuk Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 143701, South Korea. EM jaju@konkuk.ac.kr; durance@konkuk.ac.kr; booth@boulder.nist.gov; kleong@boulder.nist.gov; rudman@boulder.nist.gov; sylee@konkuk.ac.kr NR 16 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3700 EP 3705 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849399 PN 3 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200319 ER PT J AU Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Campbell, TA Evans, JM Kell, JW Brunke, LB Murphy, JP Varanasi, C Maartense, I Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP AF Haugan, TJ Barnes, PN Campbell, TA Evans, JM Kell, JW Brunke, LB Murphy, JP Varanasi, C Maartense, I Wong-Ng, W Cook, LP TI Addition of alternate phase nanoparticle dispersions to enhance flux pinning of Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2004 Applied Superconductivity Conference CY OCT 03-08, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL DE flux pinning; high temperature superconductor; nanoparticle; YBa2Cu3O7-x. thin film ID GROWTH AB Nanoparticle dispersions of various phases were added to YBa2Cu3O7-x (YBCO or 123) thin films by multilayer pulsed laser deposition, to determine their effect on flux pinning. The different pinning materials examined include Y2BaCuO5, (Y211 or green-phase), La2BaCuO5 (La2ll or brown-phase), Y2O3, CeO2, and MgO, with lattice constant mismatches varying from 0.5% to 12% with respect to YBCO. Y211 and Y2O3 provided significant pinning increases at temperatures of 65 K and 77 K, however other phases provided enhancements only at 65 K (for CeO2 and La211) for limited range of applied field strengths. An interesting correlation between T. transition widths and pinning strengths was observed. The additions produced markedly different nanoparticle and film microstructures, as well as superconducting properties. C1 USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP USAF, Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45431 USA. EM timothy.haugan@wpafb.af.mil; winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 2 BP 3770 EP 3773 DI 10.1109/TASC.2005.849427 PN 3 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 935GH UT WOS:000229767200336 ER PT J AU Li, J Liu, CY Huang, HL Schmit, TJ Wu, XB Menzel, WP Gurka, JJ AF Li, J Liu, CY Huang, HL Schmit, TJ Wu, XB Menzel, WP Gurka, JJ TI Optimal cloud-clearing for AIRS radiances using MODIS SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS); Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-R; Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS); N cloud-clearing (CC); optimal cloud-clearing ID TEMPERATURE; PRODUCTS; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; SURFACE AB The Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) onboard the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Earth Observing System's (EOS) Aqua spacecraft, with its high spectral resolution and radiometric accuracy, provides atmospheric vertical temperature and moisture sounding information with high vertical resolution and accuracy for numerical weather prediction (NWP). Due to its relatively coarse spatial resolution (13.5 km at nadir), the chance for an AIRS footprint to be completely cloud free is small. However, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), also on the Aqua satellite, provides colocated clear radiances at several spectrally broad infrared (IR) bands with 1-km spatial resolution; many AIRS cloudy footprints contain clear MODIS pixels. An optimal cloud-correction or cloud-clearing (CC) algorithm, an extension of the traditional single-band N* technique, is developed. The technique retrieves the hyperspectral infrared sounder clear column radiances from the combined multiband imager IR clear radiance observations with high spatial resolution and the hyperspectral IR sounder cloudy radiances on a single-footprint basis. The concurrent AIRS and MODIS data are used to verify the algorithm. The AIRS cloud-removed or cloud-cleared radiance spectrum is convolved to all the possible MODIS IR spectral bands with spectral response functions (SRFs). The convoluted cloud-cleared brightness temperatures (BTs) are compared with MODIS clear BT observations within AIRS cloud-cleared footprints passing our quality tests. The bias and the standard deviation between the convoluted BTs and MODIS clear BT observations is less than 0.25 and 0.5 K, respectively, over both water and land for most MODIS IR spectral bands. The AIRS cloud-cleared BT spectrum is also compared with its nearby clear BT spectrum, the difference, accounting the effects due to scene nonuniformity, is reasonable according to the analysis. The multiband optimal cloud-clearing is also compared with the traditional single-band N* cloud-clearing; the performance enhancement of the optimal cloud-clearing over the single-band traditional N* cloud-clearing is demonstrated and discussed. It is found that more than 30% of the AIRS cloudy (partly and overcast) footprints in this study have been successfully cloud-cleared using the optimal cloud-clearing method, revealing the potential application of this method to the operational processing of hyperspectral IR sounder cloudy radiance measurements when the collocated imager IR data are available. The use of a high spatial resolution imager, along with information from a high spectral resolution sounder for cloud-clearing, is analogous to instruments planned for the next-generation Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES-R) instruments-the Advanced Baseline Imager and the Hyperspectral Environmental Suite. Since no microwave instruments are being planned for GOES-R, the cloud-clearing methodology demonstrated in this paper will become the most practical approach for obtaining the reliable clear-column radiances. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Res & Appl, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Natl Meteorol Ctr China, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Syst Dev, Natl Environ Satellite, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Li, J (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM Jun.Li@ssec.wisc.edu RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Liu, Chian-Yi/B-1898-2015; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Liu, Chian-Yi/0000-0003-1725-4405; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627 NR 24 TC 50 Z9 55 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 6 BP 1266 EP 1278 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.847795 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 932XA UT WOS:000229586900005 ER PT J AU Shir, F Bennett, LH Della Torre, E Mavriplis, C Shull, RD AF Shir, F Bennett, LH Della Torre, E Mavriplis, C Shull, RD TI Transient response in magnetocaloric regeneration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article DE magnetic refrigeration; magnetocaloric effect; transient magnetic regenerative process ID TEMPERATURE MAGNETIC REFRIGERATOR; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE AB We report on the first experimental demonstration of the details of the transient response in the four sequential processes of active magnetic regenerative refrigeration: magnetization, warm blow, demagnetization, and cold blow. The experimental results display the details of the gradual temperature divergence due to regeneration. The temperature change of the stationary solid bed is due to the magnetocaloric effect in a periodic field. The theory for the active magnetic regenerative refrigeration is applied to the transient processes in magnetocaloric regeneration. A time and spatial dependent model of temperature profile of the magnetization and demagnetization with thermal wave regenerative processes is developed. C1 George Washington Univ, Inst Magnet Res, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn & Mech, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Shir, F (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Inst Magnet Res, Ashburn, VA 20147 USA. RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 24 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 6 BP 2129 EP 2133 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.848786 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 939TB UT WOS:000230094200011 ER PT J AU Kedzierski, MA AF Kedzierski, MA TI Effect of bulk lubricant concentration on the excess surface density during R134a pool boiling SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE pool boiling; horizontal surface; R134a; lubricant; polyolester; correlatiom; heat transfer; density; concentration ID HEAT-TRANSFER AB This paper investigates the effect that the bulk lubricant concentration has on the non-adiabatic lubricant excess surface density on a roughened, horizontal flat pool-boiling surface. Both pool boiling heat transfer data and lubricant excess surface density data are given for pure R134a and three different mixtures of R134a and a polyolester lubricant (POE). A spectrofluorometer was used to measure the lubricant excess density that was established by the boiling of an R134a/POE lubricant mixture on a test surface. The lubricant is preferentially drawn out of the bulk refrigerant/lubricant mixture by the boiling process and accumulates on the surface in excess of the bulk concentration. The excess lubricant resides in an approximately 40 pm layer on the surface and influences the boiling performance. The lubricant excess surface density measurements were used to modify an existing dimensionless excess surface density parameter so that it is valid for different reduced pressures. The dimensionless parameter is a key component for a refrigerant/lubricant pool-boiling model given in the literature. In support of improving the boiling model, both the excess measurements and heat transfer data are provided for pure R134a and three R134a/lubricant mixtures at 277.6 K. The heat transfer data show that the lubricant excess layer causes an average enhancement of the heat flux of approximately 24% for the 0.5% lubricant mass fraction mixture relative to pure R134a heat fluxes between 5 and 20 kW/m(2). Conversely, both 1 and 2% lubricant mass fraction mixtures experienced an average degradation of approximately 60% in the heat flux relative to pure R134a heat fluxes between approximately 4 and 20 kW/m(2). This study is an effort toward generating data to support a boiling model to predict whether lubricants degrade or improve boiling performance. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg 226,Rm B114, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.kedzierski@nist.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 526 EP 537 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.11.007 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 929XT UT WOS:000229380600009 ER PT J AU Kim, Y Payne, V Choi, JM Domanski, P AF Kim, Y Payne, V Choi, JM Domanski, P TI Mass flow rate of R-410A through short tubes working near the critical point SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE experiment; flow; R-410A; tube; geometry; parameter; pressure; critical point; correlation; geometry ID 2-PHASE FLOW AB Experimental data were taken to examine R-410A mass flow rate characteristics through short tube restrictors at upstream pressures approaching the critical point. Four short tube restrictors were tested by varying upstream pressure from 2619 to 4551 kPa (corresponding to saturation temperature from 43.9 to 71.7 degrees C), upstream subcooling from 2.8 to 11.1 degrees C and downstream pressure from 772 to 1274 kPa. The experimental data were represented as a function of major operating parameters and short tube diameter. As compared to mass flow trends at typical upstream pressures, flow dependency on upstream subcooling was more significant at high upstream pressures due to a higher density change. Based on the database obtained from this study and literature, an empirical correlation was developed from a power law form of dimensionless parameters generated by the Buckingham Pi theorem. The post-predictions of the new correlation yielded average and mean deviations of 0.11 and 2.4%, respectively. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd and IIR. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Bldg Environm Div, HVAC & R Equipment Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Korea Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Seoul 136701, South Korea. Hanbat Natl Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Taejon 305719, South Korea. RP Payne, V (reprint author), NIST, Bldg Environm Div, HVAC & R Equipment Performance Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8631, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vance.payne@nist.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD JUN PY 2005 VL 28 IS 4 BP 547 EP 553 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2004.10.007 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 929XT UT WOS:000229380600011 ER PT J AU O'Brien, EP Goldfarb, S White, CC AF O'Brien, EP Goldfarb, S White, CC TI Influence of experimental setup and plastic deformation on the shaft-loaded blister test SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE pressure sensitive adhesive tapes; coatings; fracture; yielding; thin film; membrane; bending plate; bulge test; point load; sphere; contact radius ID ENERGY-RELEASE RATES; MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION; DELAMINATION BEHAVIOR; RESIDUAL-STRESSES; FLAT PUNCH; THIN-FILM; ADHESION; MEMBRANE; SUBSTRATE; FRACTURE AB In the shaft-loaded blister test (SLBT), plastic deformation often occurs at the contact area between the shaft tip and adhesive layer, leading to a larger displacement (blister height) than if the film was loaded elastically. As a consequence, incorporating the displacement variable into the analysis can result in misleading values of the applied strain energy-release rate, G. In this work, the influence of plastic yielding at the contact area on G of a thin film was investigated as a function of some common SLBT experimental variables, namely, substrate hole diameter, film thickness, and shaft-tip diameter. Test specimens consisted of plies of pressure-sensitive adhesive tape adhered to a rigid glass substrate. G was calculated from the following equations: (1) load-based, (2) hybrid, (3) displacement-based, and (4) combination. Decreasing the film thickness, increasing the hole diameter, or decreasing the shaft-tip diameter lead to more plastic yielding at the contact area as well as to an increase in blister height. The increased blister height resulting from plastic deformation leads to disagreement among the values of G calculated from the different equations when the displacement variable was included in the calculation. However, the load-based equation, which does not include the displacement, was determined to be independent of plastic yielding and the "correct" equation for calculating G. In addition, the film tensile rigidity (Eh) was calculated using an experimental compliance calibration. The effects of film thickness on the mechanical behavior of the film ( bending plate vs. stretching membrane) as well as methods to determine the displacement resulting from plastic deformation are also discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Connecticut, Inst Mat Sci, Storrs, CT USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Engn Mech, Ithaca, NY USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Bldg 226,Rm B350, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM emmett.obrien@nist.gov NR 31 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 EI 1545-5823 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 81 IS 6 BP 599 EP 621 DI 10.1080/00218460590954601 PG 23 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 937NT UT WOS:000229932800003 ER PT J AU Mildner, DFR AF Mildner, DFR TI Resolution of small-angle neutron scattering with a refractive focusing optic SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SANS; INSTRUMENTS; LENS AB A small-angle neutron scattering spectrometer that uses a refractive focusing optic can reach smaller values of the scattering vector, and with higher resolution, than that using pinhole collimation. The analytic expression for the resolution is independent of the sample size for one wavelength only, when the focusing lens images the source at the detector. At all other wavelengths the contribution from the sample size is non-zero. For a system that uses a range of wavelengths to increase the intensity without significantly degrading the instrumental performance, the contribution from the sample term is not zero, though it is small and less than that for the pinhole collimation system. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mildner, DFR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.mildner@nist.gov NR 10 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 38 BP 488 EP 492 DI 10.1107/S0021889805006588 PN 3 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 926SE UT WOS:000229142100011 ER PT J AU Pavolonis, MJ Heidinger, AK Uttal, T AF Pavolonis, MJ Heidinger, AK Uttal, T TI Daytime global cloud typing from AVHRR and VIIRS: Algorithm description, validation, and comparisons SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID AIRBORNE SIMULATOR IMAGERY; MU-M; CIRRUS CLOUDS; THIN CIRRUS; WATER-VAPOR; CLEAR-SKY; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; DOPPLER RADAR; STRATUS CLOUD AB Three multispectral algorithms for determining the cloud type of previously identified cloudy pixels during the daytime, using satellite imager data, are presented. Two algorithms were developed for use with 0.65-, 1.6-/3.75-, 10.8-, and 12.0-mu m data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) on board the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) operational polar-orbiting satellites. The AVHRR algorithms are identical except for the near-infrared data that are used. One algorithm uses AVHRR channel 3a (1.6 mu m) reflectances, and the other uses AVHRR channel 3b (3.75 mu m) reflectance estimates. Both of these algorithms are necessary because the AVHRRs on NOAA-15 through NOAA-17 have the capability to transmit either channel 3a or 3b data during the day, whereas all of the other AVHRRs on NOAA-7 through NOAA-14 can only transmit channel 3b data. The two AVHRR cloud-typing schemes are used operationally in NOAA's extended Clouds from AVHRR (CLAVR)-x processing system. The third algorithm utilizes additional spectral bands in the 1.38- and 8.5-mu m regions of the spectrum that are available on the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and will be available on the Visible-Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS). The VIIRS will eventually replace the AVHRR on board the National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (NPOESS), which is currently scheduled to be launched in 2009. Five cloud-type categories are employed: warm liquid water, supercooled water-mixed phase, opaque ice, nonopaque high ice (cirrus), and cloud overlap (multiple cloud layers). Each algorithm was qualitatively evaluated through scene analysis and then validated against inferences of cloud type that were derived from ground-based observations of clouds at the three primary Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program sites to help to assess the potential continuity of a combined AVHRR channel 3a-AVHRR channel 3b-VIIRS cloud-type climatology. In this paper, "validation" is strictly defined as comparisons with ground-based estimates that are completely independent of the satellite retrievals. It was determined that the two AVHRR algorithms produce nearly identical results except for certain thin clouds and cloud edges. The AVHRR 3a algorithm tends to incorrectly classify the thin edges of some low- and midlevel clouds as cirrus and opaque ice more often than the AVHRR 3b algorithm. The additional techniques implemented in the VIIRS algorithm result in a significant improvement in the identification of cirrus clouds, cloud overlap, and overall phase identification of thin clouds, as compared with the capabilities of the AVHRR algorithms presented in this paper. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Pavolonis, MJ (reprint author), 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM mpav@ssec.wisc.edu RI Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X NR 44 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 6 BP 804 EP 826 DI 10.1175/JAM2236.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 950XO UT WOS:000230892200005 ER PT J AU Greenwald, T Bennartz, R O'Dell, C Heidinger, A AF Greenwald, T Bennartz, R O'Dell, C Heidinger, A TI Fast computation of microwave radiances for data assimilation using the "successive order of scattering" method SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; EDDINGTON APPROXIMATION; RAINFALL; MODEL; POLARIZATION; ACCURACY; TOVS AB Fast and accurate radiative transfer (RT) models are crucial in making use of microwave satellite data feasible under all weather conditions in numerical weather prediction (NWP) data assimilation. A multistream "successive order of scattering" (SOS) RT model has been developed to determine its suitability in NWP for computing microwave radiances in precipitating clouds. Results show that the two-stream SOS model is up to 10 times as fast as and is as accurate as the commonly used delta-Eddington model for weaker scattering [column scattering optical depth (CSOD) < 0.01], but it is less accurate and is slower for higher frequencies (> 30 GHz) in cases of moderately strong to strong scattering (CSOD > 5). If two- and four-stream SOS models are used in combination, however, it was found that 85.5-GHz brightness temperatures computed for V X F global forecast fields were more accurate (< 0.5 K vs 1.5 K for CSOD > 0.1) and were executed 4 times as fast as the delta-Eddington model. The SOS method has been demonstrated as an alternative to other fast RT models for providing accurate and very rapid multiple-scattering calculations at thermal wavelengths for remote sensing studies and demanding applications such as operational NWP data assimilation. C1 Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Madison, WI USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Madison, WI USA. RP Greenwald, T (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, SSEC, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM tomg@ssec.wisc.edu RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Bennartz, Ralf/F-3760-2010 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 44 IS 6 BP 960 EP 966 DI 10.1175/JAM2239.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 950XO UT WOS:000230892200015 ER PT J AU Smith, BC Persson, A AF Smith, BC Persson, A TI Synchronization of encystment of Scrippsiella lachrymosa (Dinophyta) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyst; dinoflagellate; encyst; gamete; mating; Scrippsiella lachrymosa ID DINOFLAGELLATE GONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; CYST FORMATION; GROWTH AB The encystment of Scrippsiella lachrymosa cells (strain B-10), which can be induced reliably in encystment medium, was inhibited by stirring the culture. 100 mL cultures in glass beakers were stirred at 1 rotation s(-1). Stirring inhibited vegetative cells from congregating (swarming) at the walls of the culture container. When stirring was stopped, a rapid induction of sexual reproduction was seen. As soon as stirring stopped (within 2 min), cells were observed swarming near the edges of the glass beaker. Four days after cessation of stirring, large percentages of the cells were mating and, after 7 days, most were zygotes. Cultures were observed after 31, 38, and, 45 days of stirring. When cultures were stirred for 45 days, cysts developed in the stirred treatments, but these cysts were attached to flocculent material that had also formed in the medium. The use of this laboratory method is advantageous for the study of the mating through cyst stages of the dinoflagellate life history. This method may also demonstrate the need for a 'surface' as a place for the dinoflagellate to congregate in order to successfully encyst and may help explain environmental observations of encystment at pycnoclines. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Smith, BC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM barry.smith@noaa.gov OI Persson, Agneta/0000-0003-0202-6514 NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8971 J9 J APPL PHYCOL JI J. Appl. Phycol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 17 IS 4 BP 317 EP 321 DI 10.1007/s10811-005-4944-6 PG 5 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 954NB UT WOS:000231160700005 ER PT J AU Jones, CY Wu, J Li, LP Haile, SM AF Jones, CY Wu, J Li, LP Haile, SM TI Hydrogen content in doped and undoped BaPrO3 and BaCeO3 by cold neutron prompt-gamma activation analysis SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; SOLUBILITY; SUSCEPTIBILITY; CERAMICS; SPECTRUM; OXIDES; PR4+; IONS AB Proton uptake in undoped and Y-doped BaPrO3 has been measured by cold neutron prompt-gamma activation analysis, and compared to the proton uptake in Gd-doped BaCeO3, as determined by the same technique. The conventional proton incorporation model of perovskites in which oxygen ion vacancies, generated by the introduction of the trivalent dopant onto the tetravalent perovskite site, are filled with hydroxyl groups upon exposure of the sample to H2O containing atmospheres, predicts that the proton concentration in such materials should be no greater than the dopant concentration. In contradiction to this model, the proton concentration in BaPr1-xYxO3 after humidification is as much as three times greater than the dopant concentration, and even undoped samples contain a high concentration of protons. Moreover, x-ray photoemission spectra suggest that the Pr oxidation state is lowered upon hydration. In contrast, BaCe0.9Y0.1O3 shows a typical hydrogen concentration, of close to 90% of the yttrium concentration. The results are interpreted in terms of the variable valence of Pr, which can become reduced from the 4(+) to the 3(+) oxidation state upon exposure to water, and effectively behaves as a self-dopant within the structure. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Haile, SM (reprint author), CALTECH, 138-78, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM smhaile@caltech.edu RI Haile, Sossina/I-3448-2015 NR 19 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 AR 114908 DI 10.1063/1.1922590 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935SW UT WOS:000229804700139 ER PT J AU Vogt, BD Lee, HJ Prabhu, VM DeLongchamp, DM Lin, EK Wu, WL Satija, SK AF Vogt, BD Lee, HJ Prabhu, VM DeLongchamp, DM Lin, EK Wu, WL Satija, SK TI X-ray and neutron reflectivity measurements of moisture transport through model multilayered barrier films for flexible displays SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-EMITTING DEVICES; WATER-ADSORPTION; ORGANIC COATINGS; INTERFACE; POLYMER; PERMEATION; ALUMINUM; XPS AB One encapsulation approach to extend the lifetime of flexible organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices uses inorganic Al2O3-polymer multilayer barrier films. However, a recent theoretical examination of multilayer barriers indicated that the barriers should not be effective for OLED applications, despite empirical evidence of success. It was suggested that a long-lived transient process in the transport of water molecules through multilayer films is responsible for its practical success, but has not been directly observed experimentally. X-ray reflectivity (XR) and neutron reflectivity measurements are used to measure permeation rates and structural changes in model barrier films upon exposure to water vapor. A film consisting of a stack of an undercured organic and the typical inorganic phases was found to barely swell [(7 +/- 5) A] after an 11-d exposure to moisture [60 degrees C, 100% relative humidity (RH)]. Current measurements of ultralow moisture permeation assume that 10 d is sufficient for the equilibrium measurement, but XR data show that a stack of three dyad layers may require as many as 500 d (>12 000 h) to reach equilibrium. Barriers with a high number of defects in the inorganic phase reached equilibrium after 6 d of exposure to moisture (60 degrees C, 100% RH). Over this time scale, water breakthrough at each layer can be observed from XR. Neutron reflectivity measurements with deuterated water show an accumulation of water near the aluminum oxide/polymer interface. This interface behaves similar to a desiccant, where the permeation of water through the barrier is retarded by the strong adsorption of water to aluminum oxide. This internal desiccant effect of the multilayered structure is clearly delineated and appears to be responsible for the long-term transient behavior of these barrier materials. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogt, BD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.vogt@nist.gov RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 11 AR 114509 DI 10.1063/1.1923590 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 935SW UT WOS:000229804700130 ER PT J AU Sun, BM Baker, CB Karl, TR Gifford, MD AF Sun, BM Baker, CB Karl, TR Gifford, MD TI A comparative study of ASOS and USCRN temperature measurements SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATION SHIELDS; UNITED-STATES; ANOMALIES AB Temperature measurements from the U.S. Climate Reference Network (USCRN) instrument system were compared to the Automated Surface Observing System (ASOS) ambient air temperature measurements and were examined under different regimes of wind speed and solar radiation. Influences due to observing practice differences and the effects of siting differences were discussed. This analysis indicated that the average difference between the ASOS and USCRN temperatures is on the order of 0.1 degrees C. However, problems were noticed that were possibly related to the ASOS shield effectiveness, including a solar radiation warm effect under calm conditions and the dependence of ASOS minus USCRN temperature on wind speed. The ASOS and USCRN time of observation difference was on the order of similar to 0.05 degrees C, with a warmer ASOS daily T-max and a cooler ASOS daily T-min. The local effect complicates the bias analysis because it depends not only on local heating/cooling, but it can be strongly modified by cloudiness, wind, and solar radiation. C1 NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. STG Inc, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Sun, BM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave,Room 120, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM bomin.sun@noaa.gov RI Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014 OI Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349 NR 14 TC 12 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 6 BP 679 EP 686 DI 10.1175/JTECH1752.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 940JK UT WOS:000230140600005 ER PT J AU Kelly, KA Dickinson, S Johnson, GC AF Kelly, KA Dickinson, S Johnson, GC TI Comparisons of scatterometer and TAO winds reveal time-varying surface currents for the Tropical Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MODEL; HEAT AB The differences between Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) anemometer and QuikSCAT scatterometer winds are analyzed over a period of 3 yr. Systematic differences are expected owing to ocean currents because the anemometer measures absolute air motion, whereas a radar measures the motion of the air relative to the ocean. Monthly averaged collocated wind differences (CWDs) are compared with available near-surface current data at 15-m depth from drifters, at 25-m depth from acoustic Doppler current profilers (ADCPs), and at 10-m depth from current meters and with geostrophic currents at the surface from the TOPEX/Poseidon radar altimeter. Because direct current observations are so sparse, comparisons are also made with climatological currents from these same sources. Zonal CWDs are in good agreement with the zonal current observations, particularly from 2 degrees S to 2 degrees N where there are strong currents and a robust seasonal cycle, with the altimeter-derived anomalous currents giving the best match. At higher latitudes there is qualitative agreement at buoys with relatively large currents. The overall variance of the zonal component of the CWDs is reduced by approximately 25% by subtracting an estimate of the zonal currents. The meridional CWDs are nearly as large as the zonal CWDs but are unpredictable. The mean CWDs show a robust divergence pattern about the equator, which is suggestive of Ekman currents, but with unexpectedly large magnitudes. Coefficients for estimating climatological zonal surface currents from the altimeter at the TAO buoys are tabulated: the amplitudes and phases for the annual and semiannual harmonics, and a linear regression against the Southern Oscillation index, are combined with the mean from the drifter currents. Examples are shown of the application of these estimators to data from SeaWinds on the Midori satellite. These estimators are also useful for deriving air-sea fluxes from TAO winds. C1 Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kelly, KA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Box 355640, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kkelly@apl.washington.edu RI Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 22 IS 6 BP 735 EP 745 DI 10.1175/JTECH1738.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 940JK UT WOS:000230140600010 ER PT J AU Widegren, JA Saurer, EM Marsh, KN Magee, JW AF Widegren, JA Saurer, EM Marsh, KN Magee, JW TI Electrolytic conductivity of four imidazolium-based room-temperature ionic liquids and the effect of a water impurity SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE electrolytic conductivity; room-temperature ionic liquid; room-temperature molten salt; specific conductance; water impurity ID MOLTEN-SALTS; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PLUS ETHANOL; MIXTURES; VISCOSITY; DIFFUSION; CATALYSIS; CHLORIDE; SOLVENTS AB The electrolytic conductivities (K) of four hydrophobic room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) were measured at temperatures from (288.15 to 323.15) K. The measurements were made with a commercial conductivity cell with platinum black electrodes. In order to exclude atmospheric moisture, the conductivity cell was modified so that it could be sealed during measurements. The RTILs studied were 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. The RTILs were dried under vacuum until the mass fraction of water (wH(2)O) was <= 10(-5). Coulometric Karl Fischer titration was used to determine W-H2O in each RTIL before and after measurements of kappa. Most measurements were made on dried RTILs. but some measurements were performed intentionally at higher w(H2O) in order to study the effect of a water impurity on kappa. For {water + 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide}, kappa was found to increase dramatically with increasing w(H2O); for example, in going from w(H2O) = 10(-5) to 10(-2), the fractional increase in kappa was 0.36 {=(kappa(wet) - kappa(dried))/kappa(dried)}. This work illustrates the importance of measuring the water content in RTILs both before and after measurements Of K. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. RP Magee, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM magee@boulder.nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 30 TC 187 Z9 188 U1 4 U2 80 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 37 IS 6 BP 569 EP 575 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2005.04.009 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 937VC UT WOS:000229953000005 ER PT J AU Sudradjat, A Ferraro, RR Fiorino, M AF Sudradjat, A Ferraro, RR Fiorino, M TI A comparison of total precipitable water between reanalyses and NVAP SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EL-NINO; GLOBAL OCEANS; NCEP-NCAR; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; TROPICAL PACIFIC; VAPOR DATA; CLIMATOLOGY AB This study compares monthly total precipitable water (TPW) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Water Vapor Project (NVAP) and reanalyses of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) (R-1), NCEP-Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP-II) (R-2), and the 40-yr European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Re-Analysis (ERA-40) from January 1988 through December 1999. Based on the means, NVAP exhibits systematic wetter land regions relative to the other datasets reflecting differences in their analyses due to paucity in radiosonde observations. ERA-40 is wetter in the atmospheric convergence zones than the U.S. reanalyses and NVAP ranges in between. Differences in the annual cycle between the reanalyses (especially R-2) and NVAP are also noticeable over the tropical oceans. Analyses on the interannual variabilities show that the ENSO-related spatial pattern in ERA-40 follows more coherently that of NVAP than those of the U.S. reanalyses. The 1997/98 El Nino's effect on TPW is shown to be strongest only in NVAP, R-L and ERA-40 during the period of study. All the datasets show TPW decreases in the Tropics following the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption. By subtracting SST-estimated TPW from the datasets, only NVAP and ERA-40 can well represent the spatial pattern of convergence and/or moist-air advection zones in the Tropics. Even though all the datasets are viable for water cycle and climate analyses with discrepancies (wetness and dryness) to be aware of. this study has found that NVAP and ERA-40 perform better than the U.S. reanalyses during the 12-yr period. C1 Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, ESSIC, College Pk, MD USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. RP Sudradjat, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, 2207 Comp & Space Sci Bldg 224, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM arief@essic.umd.edu RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010; Fiorino, Michael/N-4150-2014 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135; Fiorino, Michael/0000-0002-2819-8157 NR 52 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 11 BP 1790 EP 1807 DI 10.1175/JCLI3379.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 937ZU UT WOS:000229970500010 ER PT J AU Havill, LM Mahaney, MC Cox, LA Morin, PA Joslyn, G Rogers, J AF Havill, LM Mahaney, MC Cox, LA Morin, PA Joslyn, G Rogers, J TI A quantitative trait locus for normal variation in forearm bone mineral density in pedigreed baboons maps to the ortholog of human chromosome 11q SO JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ENDOCRINOLOGY & METABOLISM LA English DT Article ID RECEPTOR-RELATED PROTEIN-5; GROWTH-FACTOR-BETA; PAPIO-HAMADRYAS; LINKAGE ANALYSIS; C-FOS; 11Q12-13; GENE; MASS; OSTEOPOROSIS; MUTATION AB Baboons share many anatomical, physiological, and developmental characteristics with humans that make them excellent models for human bone maintenance and turnover. We conducted statistical genetic analyses, including a whole-genome linkage screen, of dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-acquired measures of areal bone mineral density (aBMD), currently the most reliable single predictor of susceptibility to osteoporotic fracture in humans, from three forearm sites on the radius and ulna of 667 pedigreed baboons. We used a maximum likelihood-based variance decomposition approach to detect and quantify the effects of genes on normal variation in aBMD in the forearm of these baboons and to localize these effects to chromosomal regions. We estimated significant heritability for aBMD at all three sites and found evidence for a quantitative trait locus (QTL) contributing significantly to the genetic effects on this trait in a region of the baboon genome homologous to human chromosome 11q12-13. This first reported genome-wide linkage screen in a nonhuman primate for QTLs affecting forearm aBMD provides important cross-species replication of a QTL found in humans. The concordance of our results in a nonhuman primate with those reported for humans provides strong evidence that a gene ( or genes) in this region affects normal variation in BMD. C1 SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. SW Fdn Biomed Res, SW Natl Primate Res Ctr, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Ernest Gallo Clin & Res Ctr, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA. RP Havill, LM (reprint author), SW Fdn Biomed Res, Dept Genet, POB 760549, San Antonio, TX 78245 USA. EM lhavill@darwin.sfbr.org FU NCI NIH HHS [CO6 RR013556]; NCRR NIH HHS [P51 RR013986-076705, R01 RR008781, P51 RR013986-085941, P51 RR013986]; NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL028972, R01 HL54141]; NIAMS NIH HHS [F32 AR049694-01A1, F32 AR049694, F32 AR049694-02]; NIMH NIH HHS [R01 MH059490] NR 47 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 0 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0021-972X J9 J CLIN ENDOCR METAB JI J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 90 IS 6 BP 3638 EP 3645 DI 10.1210/jc.2004-1618 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 929MU UT WOS:000229351000071 PM 15755864 ER PT J AU Arp, U Shaw, PS Gupta, R Lykke, KR AF Arp, U Shaw, PS Gupta, R Lykke, KR TI Damage to solid-state photodiodes by vacuum ultraviolet radiation SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE detector standards; UV detector; excimer laser; synchrotron radiation; radiation damage; interface trap states; radiometry; photo-lithography ID SILICON PHOTODIODES; SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; HOLE TRAPS; SURF-III; GENERATION; STABILITY; IRRADIATION; SI-SIO2; CENTERS; DEVICES AB We report experimental results on the stability of photodiodes obtained at three different wavelengths in the vacuum ultraviolet spectral region. Two of these experiments were based on radiation damage inflicted with excimer lasers at 193 and 157 nm and one of them used 135 nm synchrotron radiation. It was found that the detector degradation rate increased considerably with the photon energy and depended on the structure of the photodiodes. Detectors based on the Si/SiO2 interface were damaged much faster than Schottky-type diodes or Si diodes with metal passivating layers. Possible damage mechanisms to the Si/SiO2 interface and its electronic structure are reviewed. In the end, a model to quantify the dependence of the damage on the photon energy is introduced. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Arp, U (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8410, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM uwe.arp@nist.gov RI Arp, Uwe/C-2854-2009; OI Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455 NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 1039 EP 1042 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.236 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100244 ER PT J AU Shirley, EL AF Shirley, EL TI Bethe-Salpeter treatment of X-ray absorption including core-hole multiplet effects SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRON SPECTROSCOPY AND RELATED PHENOMENA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Vacuum Ultraviolet Radiation Physics CY JUL 19-23, 2004 CL Cairns, AUSTRALIA DE Bethe-Salpeter; calcium fluoride; multiplet; rutile; SrTiO3; X-ray absorption ID EDGE; TI; SCATTERING; SPECTRA; SPECTROSCOPY; RUTILE AB We present a method to include multiplet effects and band structure effects simultaneously in an X-ray absorption spectrum. Theoretical results are presented and compared to experiment for the Ca 2p edge in calcium fluoride and the Ti 2p edge in rutile and strontium titanate. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shirley, EL (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.shirley@nist.gov NR 14 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0368-2048 J9 J ELECTRON SPECTROSC JI J. Electron Spectrosc. Relat. Phenom. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 144 SI SI BP 1187 EP 1190 DI 10.1016/j.elspec.2005.01.191 PG 4 WC Spectroscopy SC Spectroscopy GA 933TZ UT WOS:000229657100276 ER PT J AU Humphreys, RL Campana, SE DeMartini, EE AF Humphreys, RL Campana, SE DeMartini, EE TI Otolith elemental fingerprints of juvenile Pacific swordfish Xiphias gladius SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE central Pacific; isotope dilution ICP-MS; juvenile otoliths; otolith chemistry; swordfish nursery areas; Xiphias gladius ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; FISH OTOLITHS; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; CONTROL REGION; BLUEFIN TUNA; MICROSTRUCTURE; VARIABILITY; CHEMISTRY; GROWTH AB The trace element composition of young-of-the-year (YOY) juvenile swordfish Xiphias gladius sagittal otoliths were analysed as a preliminary test of the value of otolith elemental fingerprints for determining swordfish nursery ground origins in the central Pacific Ocean. A suite of five elements (Mg. Zn, Sr, Ba and Ph) was assayed with isotope dilution ICP-MS all elemental concentrations were roughly comparable to otoliths of other marine fishes. Multivariate analyses of elemental fingerprints based on Ba and Sr revealed differences between sample sites, and the magnitude of the differences increased with latitudinal separation. With more comprehensive sampling of nursery grounds, it should be possible to identify origin of nursery ground for adult swordfish by analysing the YOY juvenile portion of the sagittal otolith. (c) 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Bedford Inst Oceanog, Marine Fish Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Humphreys, RL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM robert.humphreys@noaa.gov RI Campana, Steven/C-3420-2013 OI Campana, Steven/0000-0001-8802-3976 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 66 IS 6 BP 1660 EP 1670 DI 10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00712.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 940CL UT WOS:000230121200012 ER PT J AU Chung, SH Seinfeld, JH AF Chung, SH Seinfeld, JH TI Climate response of direct radiative forcing of anthropogenic black carbon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; CLOUD MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; SIMULATED GLOBAL CLIMATE; SULFATE AEROSOLS; SOOT AEROSOL; SENSITIVITY; PERTURBATIONS; COMBUSTION; INVENTORY; EMISSIONS AB [1] The equilibrium climate effect of direct radiative forcing of anthropogenic black carbon ( BC) is examined by 100-year simulations in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies General Circulation Model II-prime coupled to a mixed-layer ocean model. Anthropogenic BC is predicted to raise globally and annually averaged equilibrium surface air temperature by 0.20 K if BC is assumed to be externally mixed. The predicted increase is significantly greater in the Northern Hemisphere (0.29 K) than in the Southern Hemisphere (0.11 K). If BC is assumed to be internally mixed with the present-day level of sulfate aerosol, the predicted annual mean surface temperature increase rises to 0.37 K globally, 0.54 K for the Northern Hemisphere, and 0.20 K for the Southern Hemisphere. The climate sensitivity of BC direct radiative forcing is calculated to be 0.6 K W-1 m(2), which is about 70% of that of CO2, independent of the assumption of BC mixing state. The largest surface temperature response occurs over the northern high latitudes during winter and early spring. In the tropics and midlatitudes, the largest temperature increase is predicted to occur in the upper troposphere. Direct radiative forcing of anthropogenic BC is also predicted to lead to a change of precipitation patterns in the tropics; precipitation is predicted to increase between 0 and 20 degrees N and decrease between 0 and 20 degrees S, shifting the intertropical convergence zone northward. If BC is assumed to be internally mixed with sulfate instead of externally mixed, the change in precipitation pattern is enhanced. The change in precipitation pattern is not predicted to alter the global burden of BC significantly because the change occurs predominantly in regions removed from BC sources. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway,R-AL 4, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM serena.chung@noaa.gov; seinfeld@caltech.edu NR 51 TC 153 Z9 163 U1 5 U2 48 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D11 AR D11102 DI 10.1029/2004JD005441 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 936BW UT WOS:000229829100007 ER PT J AU Pincus, R Hannay, C Klein, SA Xu, KM Hemler, R AF Pincus, R Hannay, C Klein, SA Xu, KM Hemler, R TI Overlap assumptions for assumed probability distribution function cloud schemes in large-scale models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; RESOLVING MODEL; RADAR DATA; PARAMETERIZATION; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; STATISTICS; SIMULATION; LAYER AB [1] Cloud vertical structure influences the fluxes of precipitation and radiation throughout the atmosphere. This structure is not predicted in large-scale models but is instead applied in the form of "overlap assumptions.'' In their current guise, overlap assumptions apply to the presence or absence of clouds, and new data sets have led to the development of empirical formulations described by exponential decay from maximum to random overlap over a characteristic length scale. At the same time, cloud parameterizations in many large-scale models have been moving toward "assumed PDF'' schemes that predict the distribution of total water within each grid cell, which will require overlap assumptions that may be applied to cells with specified internal variability. This paper uses a month-long cloud-resolving model simulation of continental convection to develop overlap assumptions for use with assumed PDF cloud schemes in large-scale models. An observing system simulation experiment shows that overlap assumptions derived from millimeter-wavelength cloud radar observations can be strongly affected by the presence of precipitation and convective clouds and, to a lesser degree, by limited sampling and reliance on the frozen turbulence assumption. Current representations of overlap can be extended with good accuracy to treat the rank correlation of total water in each grid cell, which provides a natural way to treat vertical structure in assumed PDF cloud schemes. The scale length that describes an exponential fit to the rank correlation of total water depends on the state of the atmosphere: convection is associated with greater vertical coherence ( longer scale lengths), while wind shear decreases vertical coherence ( shorter scale lengths). The new overlap assumptions are evaluated using cloud physical properties, microphysical process rates, and top-of-atmosphere radiative fluxes. These quantities can be reproduced very well when the exact cloud structure is replaced with its statistical equivalent and somewhat less well when the time mean vertical structure is imposed. Overlap formulations that treat total water can also be used to determine the variability in clear-air relative humidity, which might be used by convection and aerosol parameterizations. C1 NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP NOAA, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway,R-CDC1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.pincus@colorado.edu RI Xu, Kuan-Man/B-7557-2013; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Xu, Kuan-Man/0000-0001-7851-2629; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X NR 27 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D15 AR D15S09 DI 10.1029/2004JD005100 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 936CA UT WOS:000229829600001 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY Kingsmill, DE Martner, BE Ralph, FM AF Matrosov, SY Kingsmill, DE Martner, BE Ralph, FM TI The utility of X-band polarimetric radar for quantitative estimates of rainfall parameters SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; RAINDROP SHAPE; PROPAGATION; PRECIPITATION; ALGORITHMS; SPECTRA; RATIOS AB The utility of X-band polarimetric radar for quantitative retrievals of rainfall parameters is analyzed using observations collected along the U.S. west coast near the mouth of the Russian River during the Hydrometeorological Testbed project conducted by NOAA's Environmental Technology and National Severe Storms Laboratories in December 2003 through March 2004. It is demonstrated that the rain attenuation effects in measurements of reflectivity (Z(c)) and differential attenuation effects in measurements of differential reffectivity (Z(DR)) can be efficiently corrected in near-real time using differential phase shift data. A scheme for correcting gaseous attenuation effects that are important at longer ranges is introduced. The use of polarimetric rainfall estimators that utilize specific differential phase and differential reflectivity data often provides results that are superior to estimators that use fixed reflectivity-based relations, even if these relations were derived from the ensemble of drop size distributions collected in a given geographical region. Comparisons of polarimetrically derived rainfall accumulations with data from the high-resolution rain gauges located along the coast indicated deviation between radar and gauge estimates of about 25%. The ZDR measurements corrected for differential attenuation were also used to retrieve median raindrop sizes, D, Because of uncertainties in differential reflectivity measurements, these retrievals are typically performed only for D-0 > 0.75 mm. The D-0 estimates from an impact disdrometer located at 25 kin from the radar were in good agreement with the radar retrievals. The experience of operating the transportable polarimetric X-band radar in the coastal area that does not have good coverage by the National Weather Service radar network showed the value of such radar in filling the gaps in the network coverage. The NOAA X-band radar was effective in covering an area up to 40-50 km in radius offshore adjacent to a region that is prone to flooding during wintertime landfalling Pacific storms. C1 Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 325 Broadway,R-ET7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Sergey.Matrosov@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 59 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 6 IS 3 BP 248 EP 262 DI 10.1175/JHM424.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 943ZB UT WOS:000230393600002 ER PT J AU DeRose, PC Kramer, GW AF DeRose, PC Kramer, GW TI Bias in the absorption coefficient determination of a fluorescent dye, standard reference material 1932 fluorescein solution SO JOURNAL OF LUMINESCENCE LA English DT Article DE fluorescein; absorption coefficient; extinction coefficient SRM 1932; MESF; fluorescence standard ID COMPLEXES; SPECTRA; FORMS AB The absorption coefficient of standard reference material(R) (SRMR) 1932, fluorescein in a borate buffer solution (pH = 9.5) has been determined at lambda = 488.0, 490.0, 490.5 and 491,0 nm using the US national reference UVI/visible spectrophotometer. The purity of the fluorescein was determined to be 97.6% as part of the certification of SRM 193, The solution measured was prepared gravimetrically by diluting SRM 1932 with additional borate buffer, The value of the absorption coefficient was corrected for bias due to fluorescence that reaches the detector and for dye purity. Bias due to fluorescence was found to be on the order of -1% for both monochromatic and polychromatic (e.g., diode-array based) spectrophotometers. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP DeRose, PC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM paul.derose@nist.gov NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2313 J9 J LUMIN JI J. Lumines. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 113 IS 3-4 BP 314 EP 320 DI 10.1016/j.jlumin.2004.11.002 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 936TB UT WOS:000229877200020 ER PT J AU Shurtliff, QR Pearse, DE Rogers, DS AF Shurtliff, QR Pearse, DE Rogers, DS TI Parentage analysis of the canyon mouse (Peromyscus crinitus): Evidence for multiple paternity SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE mating system; microsatellites; multiple paternity; parentage analysis; Peromyscus crinitus ID EXTRA-PAIR PATERNITY; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; GENETIC-EVIDENCE; MICROSATELLITE ANALYSIS; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; MATING SYSTEM; DEER MICE; DNA; MANICULATUS; MARKERS AB Mating systems within the genus Peromyscus have traditionally been inferred from field observations of spatial relationships of mates and females and from laboratory behavioral studies. The majority of species within Peromyscus are assurned to be promiscuous, but rarely have these conclusions been verified with molecular data. Genotypes constructed from 4 microsatellite loci were used to determine paternity in 10 litters of the canyon mouse (Peromyscus crinitus). We applied 3 criteria for paternity assignment: direct observation of paternal alleles, correlation of sampled male and offspring genotypes (mothers known) including spatial relationship data, and application of a likelihood estimator. Multiple paternity occurred in a minimum of 20% of the litters, yet we found no evidence that would indicate that any putative father sired 2 or more litters. Dispersal of males between the time of copulation and parturition was minimal (7.5-70 m) in most cases, but 1 male was captured in a rock outcropping separate from that of his sired litter (174 m). Our use of 3 different criteria allowed a greater number of male paternity assignments to be inferred than would have been possible when using software program CERVUS alone, and increased confidence in these results. C1 Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Assoc, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Monte L Bean Life Sci Museum, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Shurtliff, QR (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM shurquin@isu.edu NR 41 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 86 IS 3 BP 531 EP 540 DI 10.1644/1545-1542(2005)86[531:PAOTCM]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 934PH UT WOS:000229720200010 ER PT J AU Bullock, SS Brennen, GK O'Leary, DP AF Bullock, SS Brennen, GK O'Leary, DP TI Time reversal and n-qubit canonical decompositions SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT; SYSTEMS; COMPUTATIONS; MONOTONES; STATES AB On pure states of n quantum bits, the concurrence entanglement monotone returns the norm of the inner product of a pure state with its spin-flip. The monotone vanishes for n odd, but for n even there is an explicit formula for its value on mixed states, i.e., a closed-form expression computes the minimum over all ensemble decompositions of a given density. For n even a matrix decomposition nu=k(1)ak(2) of the unitary group is explicitly computable and allows for study of the monotone's dynamics. The side factors k(1) and k(2) of this concurrence canonical decomposition (CCD) are concurrence symmetries, so the dynamics reduce to consideration of the a factor. This unitary a phases a basis of entangled states, and the concurrence dynamics of u are determined by these relative phases. In this work, we provide an explicit numerical algorithm computing nu=k(1)ak(2) for n odd. Further, in the odd case we lift the monotone to a two-argument function. The concurrence capacity of nu according to the double argument lift may be nontrivial for n odd and reduces to the usual concurrence capacity in the literature for n even. The generalization may also be studied using the CCD, leading again to maximal capacity for most unitaries. The capacity of nu xI(2) is at least that of nu, so odd-qubit capacities have implications for even-qubit entanglement. The generalizations require considering the spin-flip as a time reversal symmetry operator in Wigner's axiomatization, and the original Lie algebra homomorphism defining the CCD may be restated entirely in terms of this time reversal. The polar decomposition related to the CCD then writes any unitary evolution as the product of a time-symmetric and time-antisymmetric evolution with respect to the spin-flip. En route we observe a Kramers' nondegeneracy: the existence of a nondegenerate eigenstate of any time reversal symmetric n-qubit Hamiltonian demands (i) n even and (ii) maximal concurrence of said eigenstate. We provide examples of how to apply this work to study the kinematics and dynamics of entanglement in spin chain Hamiltonians. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MCSD, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.bullock@nist.gov; gavin.brennen@nist.gov; oleary@cs.umd.edu RI Brennen, Gavin/C-2293-2009 OI Brennen, Gavin/0000-0002-6019-966X NR 49 TC 11 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 EI 1089-7658 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 46 IS 6 AR 062104 DI 10.1063/1.1900293 PG 19 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 934ZV UT WOS:000229749100004 ER PT J AU Honnold, SP Braun, R Scott, DP Sreekumar, C Dubey, JP AF Honnold, SP Braun, R Scott, DP Sreekumar, C Dubey, JP TI Toxoplasmosis in a Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) SO JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; NEOSPORA-CANINUM; GONDII INFECTION; OTTER AB Toxoplasma gondii infection in marine mammals is intriguing and indicative of contamination of the ocean environment with oocysts. T. gondii was identified in a Hawaiian monk seal (Monachus schauinslandi) that had visceral and cerebral lesions. Tachyzoites were found in the lymph nodes, spleen, diaphragm, heart, adrenal glands, and brain. A few tissue cysts were found in sections of the cerebrum. The diagnosis was confirmed serologically, by immunohistochemical staining with T. gondii-specific polyclonal rabbit serum, and by the detection of T. gondii DNA. The genotype was determined to be type III by restriction fragment length polymorphisms of the SAG2 gene. This is the first report of T. gondii infection in a Hawaiian monk seal. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries, Honolulu, HI USA. USDA, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Parasit Dis Lab, Anim & Natural Resources Inst, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. RP Dubey, JP (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Vet Pathol, Washington, DC 20306 USA. EM jdubey@anri.barc.usda.gov OI Chirukandoth, Sreekumar/0000-0003-2875-4034 NR 14 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER SOC PARASITOLOGISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-3395 J9 J PARASITOL JI J. Parasitol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 91 IS 3 BP 695 EP 697 DI 10.1645/GE-469R PG 3 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 941LU UT WOS:000230217100039 PM 16108571 ER PT J AU Litaker, RW Steidinger, KA Mason, PL Landsberg, JH Shields, JD Reece, KS Haas, LW Vogelbein, WK Vandersea, MW Kibler, SR Tester, PA AF Litaker, RW Steidinger, KA Mason, PL Landsberg, JH Shields, JD Reece, KS Haas, LW Vogelbein, WK Vandersea, MW Kibler, SR Tester, PA TI The reclassification of Pfiesteria shumwayae (Dinophyceae): Pseudopfiesteria, gen. nov. SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE evolution; Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates; Pfiesteria shumwayae; Pseudopfiesteria; ribosomal genes; taxonomy ID LIFE-CYCLE; DINOFLAGELLATE PFIESTERIA; PISCICIDA DINOPHYCEAE; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; SUBSTITUTION; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; PHYLOGENIES; OCELLATUM; DISCOVERY AB Pfiesteria shumwayae Glasgow et Burkholder is assigned to a new genus Pseudopfiesteria gen. nov. Plate tabulation differences between Pfiesteria and Pseudopfiesteria gen. nov. as well as a maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis based on rDNA sequence data warrant creation of this new genus. The Kofoidian thecal plate formula for the new genus is Po, cp, X, 4', 1a, 6 '', 6c, PC, 5+s, 5''', 0p, 2''''. In addition to having six precingular plates, P. shumwayae comb. nov. also has a distinctive diamond or rectangular-shaped anterior intercalary plate. Both Pfiesteria and Pseudopfiesteria gen. nov. are reassigned to the order Peridiniales based on an apical pore complex (APC) with a canal (X) plate that contacts a symmetrical 1', four to five sulcal plates, and the conservative hypothecal tabulation of 5''', 0p, and 2''''. These morphological characters and the life histories of Pfiesteria and Pseudopfiesteria are consistent with placement of both genera in the Peridiniales. Based on the plate tabulations for P. shumwayae, P. piscicida, and the closely related "cryptoperidiniopsoid" and "lucy" groups, the family Pfiesteriaceae is amended to include species with the following tabulation: 4-5', 0-2a, 5-6 '', 6c, PC, 5+s, 5''', 0p, and 2'''' as well as an APC containing a pore plate (Po), a closing plate (cp), and an X plate; the tabulation is expanded to increase the number of sulcal plates and to include a new plate, the peduncle cover (PC) plate. Members of the family have typical dinoflagellate life cycles characterized by a biflagellated free-living motile stage, a varying number of cyst stages, and the absence of multiple amoeboid stages. C1 Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, NOAA, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Coll William & Mary, Dept Environm & Aquat Anim Hlth, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Litaker, RW (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, NOAA, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Wayne.Litaker@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING INC PI MALDEN PA 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN, MA 02148 USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 643 EP 651 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2005.00075.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 930OV UT WOS:000229426700019 ER PT J AU Sweeney, C Gnanadesikan, A Griffies, SM Harrison, MJ Rosati, AJ Samuels, BL AF Sweeney, C Gnanadesikan, A Griffies, SM Harrison, MJ Rosati, AJ Samuels, BL TI Impacts of shortwave penetration depth on large-scale ocean circulation and heat transport SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; PHYTOPLANKTON SPECIES STRUCTURE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; MIXED-LAYER; SOLAR-RADIATION; MODEL; CHLOROPHYLL; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; IRRADIANCE AB The impact of changes in shortwave radiation penetration depth on the global ocean circulation and heat transport is studied using the GFDL Modular Ocean Model (MOM4) with two independent parameterizations that use ocean color to estimate the penetration depth of shortwave radiation. Ten to eighteen percent increases in the depth of 1% downwelling surface irradiance levels results in an increase in mixed layer depths of 3-20 m in the subtropical and tropical regions with no change at higher latitudes. While ID models have predicted that sea surface temperatures at the equator would decrease with deeper penetration of solar irradiance, this study shows a warming, resulting in a 10% decrease in the required restoring heat flux needed to maintain climatological sea surface temperatures in the eastern equatorial Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. The decrease in the restoring heat flux is attributed to a slowdown in heat transport (5%) from the Tropics and an increase in the temperature of submixed layer waters being transported into the equatorial regions. Calculations were made using a simple relationship between mixed layer depth and meridional mass transport. When compared with model diagnostics, these calculations suggest that the slowdown in heat transport is primarily due to off-equatorial increases in mixed layer depths. At higher latitudes (5 degrees-40 degrees), higher restoring heat fluxes are needed to maintain sea surface temperatures because of deeper mixed layers and an increase in storage of heat below the mixed layer. This study offers a way to evaluate the changes in irradiance penetration depths in coupled ocean-atmosphere GCMs and the potential effect that large-scale changes in chlorophyll a concentrations will have on ocean circulation. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Sweeney, C (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 302 Sayre Hall,POB CN710, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM csweeney@spiash.princeton.edu RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116 NR 52 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 35 IS 6 BP 1103 EP 1119 DI 10.1175/JPO2740.1 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 946OA UT WOS:000230580500013 ER PT J AU Regan, KA Huang, Q Cava, RJ AF Regan, KA Huang, Q Cava, RJ TI Isolated spin 3/2 plaquettes in Na3RuO4 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE ruthenates; Na3RuO4; magnetic properties ID MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; RU; PEROVSKITE; OXIDES; MN; TA AB The crystal structure of Na3RuO4 determined by powder neutron diffraction is reported. The structure consists of isolated tetranters of edge sharing RuO6 octahedra in the ab plane, creating isolated four-member plaquettes of Ru atoms comprised of two equilateral triangles sharing an edge. Magnetic susceptibility measurements reveal an anti ferromagnetic transition at similar to 29 K, with theta(w) = -141 K. Neutron diffraction data indicate the onset of three-dimensional magnetic ordering at 29 K. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Regan, KA (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM kregan@princeton.edu NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 178 IS 6 BP 2104 EP 2108 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2005.04.014 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 935BG UT WOS:000229753200046 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Azizov, ND AF Abdulagatov, IM Azizov, ND TI Densities, apparent molar volumes and viscosities of concentrated aqueous NaNO3 solutions at temperatures from 298 to 607 K and at pressures up to 30 MPa SO JOURNAL OF SOLUTION CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE aqueous solution; apparent molar volume; B-coefficient; capillary viscometer; constant volume piezometer; density; pressure; sodium nitrate; viscosity; water ID 25 DEGREES C; SODIUM-NITRATE; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; HEAT-CAPACITIES; B-COEFFICIENTS; POTASSIUM-NITRATE; NITRIC-ACID; WATER; BINARY; CONDUCTANCE AB Densities of four (2.124, 2.953, 5.015 and 6.271 mol-kg(-1)) and viscosities of eight (0.265, 0.503, 0.665, 1.412, 2.106, 2.977, 5.015 and 6.271 mol-kg(-1)) NaNO3(aq) solutions have been measured with a constant-volume piezometer immersed in a precision liquid thermostat and using capillary flow techniques, respectively. Measurements were made at pressures up to 30 MPa. The temperature range was 298 - 607 K for the density measurements and 298 - 576 K for the viscosity measurements. The total uncertainty of density, viscosity, pressure, temperature and composition measurements were estimated to be less than 0.06%, 1.6%, 0.05%, 15 mK and 0.02%, respectively. The temperature, pressure and concentration dependence of density and viscosity of NaNO3(aq) solutions were studied. The measured values of density and viscosity of NaNO3(aq) were compared with data and correlations reported in the literature. Apparent molar volumes were derived using the measured density values. The viscosity data have been interpreted in terms of the extended Jones - Dole equation for strong electrolytes. The values of the viscosity A-, B-, D- and F- coefficients of the extended Jones - Dole equation for the relative viscosity (eta/eta(0)) of NaNO3(aq) solutions were evaluated as a function of temperature. The derived values of the viscosity A- and B- coefficients were compared with the results predicted by Falkenhagen - Dole theory of electrolyte solutions and calculated with the ionic B- coefficient data. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Inst Geothermal Problems, Makhachkala 367003, Dagestan, Russia. Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, Baku 370601, Azerbaijan. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mangur@xtreem.ru NR 110 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 11 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0095-9782 J9 J SOLUTION CHEM JI J. Solut. Chem. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 34 IS 6 BP 645 EP 685 DI 10.1007/s10953-005-4492-3 PG 41 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 950CE UT WOS:000230834400004 ER PT J AU Simiu, E Wilcox, R Sadek, F Filliben, JJ AF Simiu, E Wilcox, R Sadek, F Filliben, JJ TI Closure to "Wind speeds in ASCE 7 Standard peak-gust map: Assessment" by Emil Simiu, Roseanne Wilcox, Fahim Sadek, and James J. Filliben SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys, Provo, UT 84601 USA. RP Simiu, E (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD JUN PY 2005 VL 131 IS 6 BP 997 EP 998 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2003)129:4(427) PG 2 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 927VK UT WOS:000229228400021 ER PT J AU Allen, AJ AF Allen, AJ TI Characterization of ceramics by X-ray and neutron small-angle scattering SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID ULTRA-SMALL-ANGLE; C-N CERAMICS; HARDENED CEMENT PASTE; YTTRIA-STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; PLASMA-SPRAYED DEPOSITS; PHASE-SINTERED ALUMINA; MAGNESIUM ALUMINOSILICATE GLASSES; DYNAMIC FILTRATION CONDITIONS; DOUBLE-CRYSTAL DIFFRACTOMETER; PARTICLE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS AB This paper reviews some recent advances in small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering methods and their application to address complex issues in ceramic systems of technological importance. It is shown how small-angle scattering (SAS) can be applied to ceramic systems in order to extract statistically representative microstructure information (e.g., void volume fraction size distributions, internal surface areas, pore morphologies) that complements the information obtained from diffraction methods, X-ray microtomography, or electron microscopy. It is demonstrated how SAS studies provide insights, not obtainable by other means, on the processing-microstructure-property relationships that frequently govern technological performance. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.allen@nist.gov RI USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 NR 244 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0002-7820 EI 1551-2916 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 88 IS 6 BP 1367 EP 1381 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2005.00463.x PG 15 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 930IW UT WOS:000229410300001 ER PT J AU He, SY Yang, GL Fang, KT Widmann, JF AF He, SY Yang, GL Fang, KT Widmann, JF TI Estimation of Poisson intensity in the presence of dead time SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE estimation; incomplete data; interarrival time; phase Doppler interferometry; Poisson process; residual lifetime; spray ID SPRAY; ANALYZER AB Phase Doppler interferometry (PDI) is a nonintrusive technique frequently used to obtain information about spray characteristics. Understanding spray characteristics is of critical importance in many areas of science, including liquid fuel spray combustion, spray coatings, fire suppression, and pesticides. PDI measures the size and velocity of individual droplets in a spray. Due to the design of the instrument, recordings of the PDI contain gaps, called dead times. The presence of recurring dead times greatly complicates estimation of the diffusion rate of the droplets. Modeling the spray process as a homogeneous Poisson process, we construct consistent and asymptotic normal estimators of the diffusion rate (Poisson intensity) under various conditions. Simulation produced a good agreement between our estimators (in the presence of dead time) and the maximum likelihood estimates obtained without dead time. We use experimental data to illustrate the estimation method. C1 Peking Univ, Sch Math Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Peking Univ, LMAM, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Univ Maryland, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Hong Kong Baptist Univ, Dept Math, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP He, SY (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Math Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM gly@math.umd.edu RI Fang, Kai Tai/B-7196-2009; HKBU, Mathematics/B-5086-2009 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1429 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314 USA SN 0162-1459 J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 100 IS 470 BP 669 EP 679 DI 10.1198/0162145040000001547 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 984NJ UT WOS:000233311300027 ER PT J AU Snyder, MN Goetz, SJ Wright, RK AF Snyder, MN Goetz, SJ Wright, RK TI Stream health rankings predicted by satellite derived land cover metrics SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE land use planning; remote sensing; restoration; riparian buffers; stream health; urbanization; water quality; watershed management ID MID-ATLANTIC REGION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; AGRICULTURAL WATERSHEDS; RESOURCE-MANAGEMENT; IMPERVIOUS SURFACES; LANDSCAPE METRICS; BIOTIC INTEGRITY; BUFFER STRIPS; FISH; URBANIZATION AB Land cover and land use change have long been known to influence the chemical, physical, and biological characteristics of streams. This study makes use of land cover maps derived from fine resolution satellite imagery and an extensive stream quality dataset to determine the relationship between small watershed health rankings and land cover composition and configuration. Landscape metrics were derived from digital impervious surface area (ISA), tree cover (percent), and agricultural crop maps within Montgomery County, Maryland. Watershed rankings were developed by state and county collaborators (MD-DNR and MCDEP) using extensive biological and chemical measurements. In stepwise logistic regression models the factors accounting for the most variation in stream health ranking were the percent ISA, followed by the percent of tree cover. Riparian buffer zone tree cover was also a significant predictor. Of the metrics that considered the spatial configuration of the landscape, a contagion index and the percent of ISA in the flow path from the ISA to the stream were also found to be significant predictors of stream health. Despite limited ability to characterize landscape configuration or narrow riparian buffer zone vegetation with coarser resolution imagery (from Landsat), model results were not significantly different from those based on the use of fine-resolution ISA information, suggesting that broader area applications of the approach are possible. The results indicate that management practices designed to improve stream water quality should focus on the amount of ISA and tree cover in both the watershed and within the buffer zone. C1 Org Trop Studies, La Selva Biol Stn, San Pedro, Costa Rica. Woods Hole Res Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NOAA, Special Projects Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Snyder, MN (reprint author), Org Trop Studies, La Selva Biol Stn, San Pedro, Costa Rica. EM sgoetz@whrc.org RI Goetz, Scott/A-3393-2015 OI Goetz, Scott/0000-0002-6326-4308 NR 59 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 41 IS 3 BP 659 EP 677 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03762.x PG 19 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 941QT UT WOS:000230230000012 ER PT J AU Morrison, H Curry, JA Shupe, MD Zuidema, P AF Morrison, H Curry, JA Shupe, MD Zuidema, P TI A new double-moment microphysics parameterization for application in cloud and climate models. Part II: Single-column modeling of arctic clouds SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE HEAT-BUDGET; MARITIME CUMULIFORM CLOUDS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; LARGE-SCALE HEAT; ICE-NUCLEATION; FIRE ACE; LEVEL CLOUDS; SHEBA; RADIATION; WATER AB The new double-moment microphysics scheme described in Part I of this paper is implemented into a single-column model to simulate clouds and radiation observed during the period 1 April-15 May 1998 of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) and First International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) Regional Experiment-Arctic Clouds Experiment (FIRE-ACE) field projects. Mean predicted cloud boundaries and total cloud fraction compare reasonably well with observations. Cloud phase partitioning, which is crucial in determining the surface radiative fluxes, is fairly similar to ground-based retrievals. However, the fraction of time that liquid is present in the column is somewhat underpredicted, leading to small biases in the downwelling shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes at the surface. Results using the new scheme are compared to parallel simulations using other microphysics parameterizations of varying complexity. The predicted liquid water path and cloud phase is significantly improved using the new scheme relative to a single-moment parameterization predicting only the mixing ratio of the water species. Results indicate that a realistic treatment of cloud ice number concentration (prognosing rather than diagnosing) is needed to simulate arctic clouds. Sensitivity tests are also performed by varying the aerosol size, solubility, and number concentration to explore potential cloud-aerosol-radiation interactions in arctic stratus. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NOAA, ETL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Morrison, H (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM hugh@cloud.colorado.edu RI Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013; Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X; Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 NR 74 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 62 IS 6 BP 1678 EP 1693 DI 10.1175/JAS3447.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 937NV UT WOS:000229933700002 ER PT J AU Kulkarni, AA Goland, A Herman, H Allen, AJ Ilavsky, J Long, GG De Carlo, F AF Kulkarni, AA Goland, A Herman, H Allen, AJ Ilavsky, J Long, GG De Carlo, F TI Advanced microstructural characterization of plasma-sprayed zirconia coatings over extended length scales SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL SPRAY TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE elastic modulus; plasma spray; small-angle neutron; scattering; thermal barrier coatings; thermal conductivity; thermal cycling; ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering; x-ray microtomography ID ANGLE; SCATTERING; DEPOSITS AB Achieving control of the microstructure of plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coating (TBC) systems offers an opportunity to tailor coating properties to demanding applications. Accomplishing this requires a fundamental understanding of the correlations among processing, microstructure development, and related TBC properties. This article describes the quantitative characterization of the microstructure of plasma-sprayed partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) coatings by means of x-ray and neutron-scattering imaging techniques. Small-angle neutron scattering, ultra-small-angle x-ray scattering, and x-ray microtomography were used to characterize and visualize the nature and structure of the features in these material systems. In addition, the influence of processing parameters on microstructure development is discussed along with thermal cycling effects on the pore morphology, and their resultant influence of the porosity on the thermal conductivity and elastic modulus of plasma-sprayed PSZ TBCs. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Kulkarni, AA (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM anandk013@gmail.com RI Ilavsky, Jan/D-4521-2013; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013 OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900; NR 25 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 1059-9630 J9 J THERM SPRAY TECHN JI J. Therm. Spray Technol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 14 IS 2 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1361/10599630523818 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Materials Science GA 932PB UT WOS:000229564700043 ER PT J AU Roos, PA Cundiff, ST AF Roos, PA Cundiff, ST TI Using quantum interference in semiconductors to control the phase of ultrashort laser pulses SO LASER PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID CARRIER-ENVELOPE-PHASE; MODE-LOCKED LASERS; DIFFERENCE-FREQUENCY-GENERATION; PROBING MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; EXTREME NONLINEAR OPTICS; HIGH HARMONIC-GENERATION; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; MICROSTRUCTURE-FIBER; COHERENT CONTROL; ABSOLUTE-PHASE AB Measurement and control of the optical carrier phase relative to the pulse envelope have become essential for probing and/or controlling many ultrafast phenomena. Such phase stabilization has enabled the study of numerous extreme nonlinear optical and coherent control effects and has led to dramatic improvements in optical frequency metrology. Of particular relevance to this special issue, control of the carrier-envelope phase critically affects the generation of attosecond pulses via atomic ionization. This paper describes one of several recent methods developed to detect and stabilize the carrier-envelope phase of ultrashort pulses-quantum-interference control of an injected photocurrent in semiconductors. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Roos, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM roos@jila.colorado.edu; cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 106 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1054-660X J9 LASER PHYS JI Laser Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 6 BP 769 EP 779 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 941UV UT WOS:000230240600002 ER PT J AU Hurton, L Berkson, J Smith, S AF Hurton, L Berkson, J Smith, S TI Estimation of total hemolymph volume in the horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER BEHAVIOUR AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE extracellular fluid volume; hemolymph volume; horseshoe crab; inulin; Limulus ID LITTORINA-LITTOREA; BLOOD; WATER AB Biomedical companies extract blood from the horseshoe crab, Limulus polyphemus, for the production of Limulus Amebocyte Lysate, used worldwide for detecting endotoxins in injectable solutions and medical devices. Despite the extensive use of horseshoe crabs by the biomedical industry, total hemolymph volume for this species is not known. The hemolymph volume of 60 adult horseshoe crabs was estimated using an inulin dilution technique. Blood volume of the horseshoe crab represented as a percentage of wet body weight was 25 +/- 2.2% for males and 25 +/- 5.1% ( mean +/- SD) for females. Relationships between hemolymph volume and weight ( p = 0.0026, r(2) = 0.8762), hemolymph volume and prosomal width ( p < 0.0001), and hemolymph volume and inter-ocular width ( p< 0.0001) were observed. No significant differences were observed between males and females. The relationship of animal size and hemolymph volume can be used to predict how much blood can be drawn from horseshoe crabs used by the biomedical industry, and can be of further use in future bleeding mortality studies. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Tech, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, RTR Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Virginia Maryland Reg Coll Vet Med, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Horseshoe Crab Res Ctr, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Berkson, J (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, RTR Unit, 100 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM Jim.Berkson@noaa.gov RI Berkson, Jim/A-7588-2009 NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1023-6244 J9 MAR FRESHW BEHAV PHY JI Mar. Freshw. Behav. Physiol. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 38 IS 2 BP 139 EP 147 DI 10.1080/10236240500064354 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 947SC UT WOS:000230665600006 ER PT J AU Ruberg, SA Coleman, DE Johengen, TH Meadows, GA Van Sumeren, HW Lang, GA Biddanda, BA AF Ruberg, SA Coleman, DE Johengen, TH Meadows, GA Van Sumeren, HW Lang, GA Biddanda, BA TI Groundwater plume mapping in a submerged sinkhole in Lake Huron SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; GREAT-LAKES AB A multidisciplinary exploratory project team from the Institute for Exploration, the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, Grand Valley State university, and the University of Michigan located and explored a submerged sinkhole in Lake Huron during September 2003. A CTD system and an ultra-short baseline (USBL) acoustic navigational tracking system integrated with an open frame remotely operated vehicle (ROV) provided high-resolution depth, temperature, and conductivity maps of the sinkhole and plume. Samples were also peristaltically pumped to the surface from a depth of 92 meters within and outside of the sinkhole plume. A 1-2 m thick cloudy layer with a strong hydrogen sulfide odor characterized the water mass close to the plume. Relative to ambient lake water, water samples collected within this layer were characterized by slightly higher (4-7.5 degrees C) temperatures, very high levels of chloride and conductivity (10-fold) as well as extremely high concentrations of organic matter (up to 400 mg C/L), sulfate, and phosphorous. Our observations demonstrated the occurrence of unique biogeochemical conditions at this submerged sinkhole environment. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Inst Explorat, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Grand Valley State Univ, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. RP Ruberg, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. OI Ruberg, Steven/0000-0001-8809-5689 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 39 IS 2 BP 65 EP 69 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 952WB UT WOS:000231035300008 ER PT J AU Diagne, I White, J Ndoye, M Bates, CW Thurber, WR AF Diagne, I White, J Ndoye, M Bates, CW Thurber, WR TI Chemical etch studies of Ag/n-Si metal-semiconductor composite films SO MATERIALS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Ag/n-Si composite films; segregated Ag particles in the surface layer; chemical etching; hall measurements ID MICROSTRUCTURE; SILICON; GAAS AB The 2.5-mu m-thick Ag/n-Si composite films were prepared by magnetron co-sputtering Ag and n-type Silicon targets on Si(111) substrates that were held at 400 degrees C during deposition. They were then treated with chemical etchants to remove the film of segregated Ag particles in the surface layer. This process was required in order to measure the electronic transport properties of the unsegregated portion of the film for use in photoelectronic applications. Surface resistivity measurements in conjunction with chemical etch treatments were used to characterize the progress of the etch treatments. Small resistivity changes between successive etches indicated that the segregated Ag layer had been successfully removed. Hall measurements were made on films before and after the complete removal of this layer. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Howard Univ, CREST, Ctr Nanomat Characterizat Sci & Proc Technol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Ctr Nanomat Characterizat Sci & Proc Technol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bates, CW (reprint author), Howard Univ, CREST, Ctr Nanomat Characterizat Sci & Proc Technol, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM bates.@msrce.howard.edu NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-577X J9 MATER LETT JI Mater. Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 59 IS 13 BP 1640 EP 1643 DI 10.1016/j.matlet.2005.01.032 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 918JU UT WOS:000228538900009 ER PT J AU Hutson, L AF Hutson, L TI Model behaviour SO MATERIALS WORLD LA English DT Article C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hutson, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU I O M COMMUNICATIONS LTD INST MATERIALS PI LONDON PA 1 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5DB, ENGLAND SN 0967-8638 J9 MATER WORLD JI Mater. World PD JUN PY 2005 VL 13 IS 6 BP 21 EP 22 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 945YN UT WOS:000230539000006 ER PT J AU Rivard, MJ Butler, WM DeWerd, LA Huq, MS Ibbott, GS Melhus, CS Mitch, MG Nath, R Williamson, JJ AF Rivard, MJ Butler, WM DeWerd, LA Huq, MS Ibbott, GS Melhus, CS Mitch, MG Nath, R Williamson, JJ TI Response to "Comment on 'Update of AAPM Task Group No. 43 Report: A revised AAPM protocol for brachytherapy dose calculations' [Med. Phys. 31, 633-674 (2004)] SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Letter ID ABANDON GEOMETRY FACTORS; POINT-SOURCE; DOSIMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS C1 Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, AAPM LEBD Working CHair, Boston, MA 02111 USA. Schiffler Canc Ctr, Wheeling, WV USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Pittsburgh, PA USA. Radiol Phys Ctr, Houston, TX USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Yale Univ, New Haven, CT USA. Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA USA. RP Rivard, MJ (reprint author), Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, AAPM LEBD Working CHair, Boston, MA 02111 USA. NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 1822 EP 1824 DI 10.1118/1.1905824 PG 3 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 937EY UT WOS:000229908600042 ER PT J AU Chen-Mayer, H Tosh, R AF Chen-Mayer, H Tosh, R TI A frequency-domain approach for addressing heat-transport problems in room-temperature water calorimeters SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2002 EP 2002 DI 10.1118/1.1997955 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 937EY UT WOS:000229908600527 ER PT J AU Kirov, AS Piao, JZ Mathur, N Miller, TR Devic, S Trichter, S Zaider, M LoSasso, T Soares, C AF Kirov, AS Piao, JZ Mathur, N Miller, TR Devic, S Trichter, S Zaider, M LoSasso, T Soares, C TI A test of the 3D scintillation dosimetry method for a Ru-106 eye plaque applicator SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Mem Sloan Kettering Canc Ctr, New York, NY 10021 USA. Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO USA. McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. New York Weill Cornell Med Ctr, New York, NY USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2002 EP 2002 DI 10.1118/1.1997957 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 937EY UT WOS:000229908600529 ER PT J AU Devic, S Abdel-Rahman, W Seuntjens, J Podgorsak, E Vuong, T Soares, C AF Devic, S Abdel-Rahman, W Seuntjens, J Podgorsak, E Vuong, T Soares, C TI Skin dose measurement with radiochromic film SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 McGill Univ, Dept Phys Med, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. McGill Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizat Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2061 EP 2061 DI 10.1118/1.1998270 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 937EY UT WOS:000229908601181 ER PT J AU Chen-Mayer, H Tosh, R Bateman, F Speicher, P AF Chen-Mayer, H Tosh, R Bateman, F Speicher, P TI A first step toward a new national standard for direct calibrations in clinical high energy photon beams SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Virginia, Charlottesville, VA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2127 EP 2128 DI 10.1118/1.1998522 PG 2 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 937EY UT WOS:000229908601431 ER PT J AU Mitch, M Seltzer, S AF Mitch, M Seltzer, S TI Using x-ray spectrometry to quantify the effects of emission anisotropy on air-kerma-strength measurements of prostate brachytherapy seeds SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2129 EP 2129 DI 10.1118/1.1998528 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 937EY UT WOS:000229908601437 ER PT J AU Sliski, A Mitch, M Soares, C AF Sliski, A Mitch, M Soares, C TI Development of a new fiber optic scintillator dosimeter system SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 47th Annual Meeting of the American-Association-of-Physicists-in-Medicine CY JUL 24-28, 2005 CL Seattle, WA SP Amer Assoc Physicists Med C1 Boston Sci, Lincoln, MA USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 32 IS 6 BP 2137 EP 2137 DI 10.1118/1.1998564 PG 1 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 937EY UT WOS:000229908601469 ER PT J AU Davis, RA Dunsmuir, WTM Streett, SB AF Davis, RA Dunsmuir, WTM Streett, SB TI Maximum likelihood estimation for an observation driven model for Poisson counts SO METHODOLOGY AND COMPUTING IN APPLIED PROBABILITY LA English DT Article DE observation-driven model; Poisson valued time series AB This paper is concerned with an observation-driven model for time series of counts whose conditional distribution given past observations follows a Poisson distribution.This class of models is capable of modeling a wide range of dependence structures and is readily estimated using an approximation to the likelihood function. Recursive formulae for carrying out maximum likelihood estimation are provided and the technical components required for establishing a central limit theorem of the maximum likelihood estimates are given in a special case. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ New S Wales, Dept Stat, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Davis, RA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rdavis@stat.colostate.edu; W.Dunsmuir@unsw.edu.au; streettboyd@netscape.net NR 4 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-5841 J9 METHODOL COMPUT APPL JI Methodol. Comput. Appl. Probab. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 7 IS 2 BP 149 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s11009-005-1480-4 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 946GZ UT WOS:000230561700002 ER PT J AU Hollberg, L Diddams, S Bartels, A Fortier, T Kim, K AF Hollberg, L Diddams, S Bartels, A Fortier, T Kim, K TI The measurement of optical frequencies SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Review ID TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; MODE-LOCKED LASER; HE-NE-LASER; ENVELOPE-OFFSET FREQUENCY; POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; BROAD-BAND CONTINUUM; CR-FORSTERITE LASER; ABSOLUTE-FREQUENCY; FEMTOSECOND-LASER; COMB GENERATION AB Surprising as it might seem, it is possible to phase-coherently track, synthesize, count and divide optical frequencies of visible laser sources. In essence, the technologies described here now allow direct connection of basically any frequency from DC to 1000 THz. Modern 'self-referenced' feratosecond mode-locked lasers have enormously simplified the required technology. These revolutionary new systems build on a long history of optical frequency metrology that spans from the early days of the laser. The latest systems rely heavily on technologies previously developed for laser frequency stabilization, optical phase-locked-loops, nonlinear mixing, ultra-fast optics and precision opto-electronic metrology. Using examples we summarize some of the heroic efforts that led to the successful development of harmonic optical frequency chains. Those systems played critical roles in defining the speed of light and in redefining the metre. We then describe the present state-of-the-art technology in feratosecond laser frequency combs, their extraordinary performance capabilities and some of the latest results. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Gigaopt GmbH, D-78462 Constance, Germany. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Phys Div P 23, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hollberg, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 189 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 SI SI BP S105 EP S124 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/42/3/S12 PG 20 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 947OB UT WOS:000230654500013 ER PT J AU Kitching, J Knappe, S Liew, L Moreland, J Schwindt, PDD Shah, V Gerginov, V Hollberg, L AF Kitching, J Knappe, S Liew, L Moreland, J Schwindt, PDD Shah, V Gerginov, V Hollberg, L TI Microfabricated atomic frequency references SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID VAPOR CELLS; CLOCK; RESONANCES AB Using microfabrication processes, we have been able to construct physics packages for vapour cell atomic frequency references 100x smaller than previously existing versions, with a corresponding reduction in power consumption. In addition, the devices offer the potential for wafer-level fabrication and assembly, which would substantially reduce manufacturing costs. It is anticipated that a complete frequency reference could be constructed based on these physics packages with a total volume below 1cm(3), a power dissipation near 30 mW and a fractional frequency instability below 10(-11) over time periods from hours to days. Such a device would enable the use of atomically precise timing in applications that require battery operation and portability, such as hand-held global positioning system receivers and wireless communication systems. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, South Bend, IN 46556 USA. RP Kitching, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD JUN PY 2005 VL 42 IS 3 SI SI BP S100 EP S104 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/42/3/S11 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 947OB UT WOS:000230654500012 ER PT J AU Smith, CT Baker, J Park, L Seeb, LW Elfstrom, C Abe, S Seeb, JE AF Smith, CT Baker, J Park, L Seeb, LW Elfstrom, C Abe, S Seeb, JE TI Characterization of 13 single nucleotide polymorphism markers for chum salmon SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE 5'-nuclease assay; chum salmon; Oncorhynchus keta; PCR; SNP; TaqMan ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; ONCORHYNCHUS-KETA; POPULATIONS; CONSERVATION AB We report the characterization of 13 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping assays for chum salmon (Oncorhynchus keta). These assays are based on the 5'-nuclease reaction and thus facilitate high-throughput genotyping with minimal optimization time. Because data generated using these markers may be transported and combined across laboratories, SNPs offer the potential to reduce the amount of redundant work being done in mixture and migratory studies of chum salmon. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Lab Breeding Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. RP Smith, CT (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 333 Raspberry Rd, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM christian_smith@fishgame.state.ak.us NR 14 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 259 EP 262 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00903.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 934FC UT WOS:000229691300022 ER PT J AU Spies, IB Brasier, DJ O'Reilly, TL Seamons, TR Bentzen, P AF Spies, IB Brasier, DJ O'Reilly, TL Seamons, TR Bentzen, P TI Development and characterization of novel tetra-, tri-, and dinucleotide microsatellite markers in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE enrichment; genome mapping; microsatellites; Oncorhynchus mykiss; population genetics; rainbow trout AB We discuss the development and characterization of 40 polymorphic rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) microsatellite loci. We used enriched libraries to isolate 14 dinucleotide, seven trinucleodide, eight compound di/tetranucleotide, and 11 tetranucleotide loci. These markers will be useful for selective breeding via marker-assisted selection, population genetics studies, parentage analysis, and have already been used for genome mapping. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. Univ Washington, Marine Mol Biotechnol Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. RP Spies, IB (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ingrid.spies@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 56 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 278 EP 281 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.20.05.00900.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 934FC UT WOS:000229691300028 ER PT J AU Vu, NV Keeler-Foster, CL Spies, IB Ribeiro, DT AF Vu, NV Keeler-Foster, CL Spies, IB Ribeiro, DT TI Twelve microsatellite markers developed in woundfin (Plagopterus argentissimus), an endangered warmwater fish of the lower Colorado River basin SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE Dexter National Fish Hatchery and Technology Center; microsatellites; Plagopterus; warmwater fish; woundfin AB Woundfin (Plagopterus argentissimus) is one of several endangered warmwater fishes once common to the lower Colorado River basin. Dexter National Fish Hatchery & Technology Center maintains a refugium stock founded in 1982, and augmented with c. 1000 young fish in 1989. Genetic characterization of the refugium stock and salvaged fish from the Virgin River is necessary to develop a strategy to incorporate salvaged fish into the hatchery stock. We developed an enriched microsatellite library and 12 species-specific polymorphic loci. Alleles per locus ranged from 10 to 19, averaging 13. The average expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.884 and 0.895, respectively. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Bot, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Dexter Natl Fish Hatchery & Technol Ctr, Mol Ecol Program, Dexter, NM 88230 USA. Warm Springs Fish Technol Ctr, Warm Springs, GA 31830 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Vu, NV (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Bot, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM nvu@umd.edu NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 302 EP 304 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00908.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 934FC UT WOS:000229691300032 ER PT J AU Anderson, EC Dunham, KK AF Anderson, EC Dunham, KK TI SPIP 1.0: a program for simulating pedigrees and genetic data in age-structured populations SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE age-structured population; family structure; multilocus genotype; pairwise relatedness; pedigree; simulation ID INFERENCE; MODEL AB We present the program spip for simulating multilocus genetic data on individuals in age-structured populations. In addition to genetic data on sampled individuals, the pedigree connecting all individuals in the population is recorded. This allows investigation of the relationship between family structure and population parameters. We foresee that spip will be useful for evaluating multilocus estimators of pairwise relatedness and population structure, and for simulating the distribution of relatedness in populations with varying demographies. It also provides a method for simulating genetic drift in complex populations. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Anderson, EC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz Lab, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM eric.anderson@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 459 EP 461 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2005.00884.x PG 3 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 934FC UT WOS:000229691300082 ER PT J AU Dowell, DC Alexander, CR Wurman, JM Wicker, LJ AF Dowell, DC Alexander, CR Wurman, JM Wicker, LJ TI Centrifuging of hydrometeors and debris in tornadoes: Radar-reflectivity patterns and wind-measurement errors SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER VELOCITY PATTERNS; PART I; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; VORTEX STRUCTURE; SOUTH-DAKOTA; 1998 SPENCER; TEXAS; VORTICES; MOBILE; STORM AB High-resolution Doppler radar observations of tornadoes reveal a distinctive tornado-scale signature with the following properties: a reflectivity minimum aloft inside the tornado core (described previously as an "eye"), a high-reflectivity tube aloft that is slightly wider than the tornado core, and a tapering of this high-reflectivity tube near the ground. The results of simple one-dimensional and two-dimensional models demonstrate how these characteristics develop. Important processes in the models include centrifugal ejection of hydrometeors and/or debris by the rotating flow and recycling of some objects by the near-surface inflow and updraft. Doppler radars sample the motion of objects within the tornado rather than the actual airflow. Since objects move at different speeds and along different trajectories than the air, error is introduced into kinematic analyses of tornadoes based on radar observations. In a steady, axisymmetric tornado, objects move outward relative to the air and move more slowly than the air in the tangential direction; in addition, the vertical air-relative speed of an object is less than it is in still air. The differences between air motion and object motion are greater for objects with greater characteristic fall speeds (i.e., larger, denser objects) and can have magnitudes of tens of meters per second. Estimates of these differences for specified object and tornado characteristics can be obtained from an approximation of the one-dimensional model. Doppler On Wheels observations of the 30 May 1998 Spencer, South Dakota, tornado demonstrate how the apparent tornado structure can change when the radar-scatterer type changes. When the Spencer tornado entered the town and started lofting debris, changes occurred in the Doppler velocity and reflectivity fields that are consistent with an increase in mean scatterer size. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Adv Study Program, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK USA. Ctr Severe Weather Res, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Dowell, DC (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM David.Dowell@noaa.gov RI Alexander, Curtis/G-4439-2015; Dowell, David/E-7855-2015 OI Alexander, Curtis/0000-0001-7888-609X; NR 51 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1501 EP 1524 DI 10.1175/MWR2934.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938UD UT WOS:000230028000006 ER PT J AU Wang, WQ Saha, S Pan, HL Nadiga, S White, G AF Wang, WQ Saha, S Pan, HL Nadiga, S White, G TI Simulation of ENSO in the new NCEP coupled forecast system model (CFS03) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE MODEL; EL-NINO; TROPICAL PACIFIC; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; CIRCULATION MODELS; CONCEPTUAL-MODEL; SEASONAL CYCLE AB A new global coupled atmosphere-ocean forecast system model (CFS03) has recently been developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP). The new coupled model consists of a T62L64 version of the operational NCEP Atmospheric Global Forecast System model and the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Modular Ocean Model version 3, and is expected to replace the current NCEP operational coupled seasonal forecast model. This study assesses the performance of the new coupled model in simulating, El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). which is considered to be a desirable feature for models used for seasonal prediction. The diagnoses indicate that the new coupled model simulates ENSO variability with realistic frequency. The amplitude of the simulated ENSO is similar to that of the observed strong events, but the ENSO events in the simulation occur more regularly than in observations. The model correctly simulates the observed ENSO seasonal phase locking with the peak amplitude near the end of the year. On average, however, simulated warm events tend to start about 3 months earlier and persist longer than observed. The simulated ENSO is consistent with the delayed oscillator, recharge oscillator, and advective-reffective oscillator theories, suggesting that each of these mechanisms may operate at the same time during the ENSO cycle. The diagnoses of the simulation indicate that the model may be suitable for real-time prediction of ENSO. C1 Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Wang, WQ (reprint author), 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM wanqui.wang@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 77 Z9 78 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1574 EP 1593 DI 10.1175/MWR2936.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938UD UT WOS:000230028000010 ER PT J AU Lawrence, MB Avila, LA Beven, JL Franklin, JL Pasch, RJ Stewart, SR AF Lawrence, MB Avila, LA Beven, JL Franklin, JL Pasch, RJ Stewart, SR TI Atlantic hurricane season of 2003 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID WIND AB The 2003 Atlantic hurricane season is described. The season was very active, with 16 tropical storms, 7 of which became hurricanes. There were 49 deaths directly attributed to this year's tropical cyclones. C1 Natl Hurricane Ctr, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Lawrence, MB (reprint author), Natl Hurricane Ctr, Trop Predict Ctr, 11691 SW 17th, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM miles.b.lawrence@noaa.gov NR 8 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 133 IS 6 BP 1744 EP 1773 DI 10.1175/MWR2940.1 PG 30 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938UD UT WOS:000230028000019 ER PT J AU Shenoy, DK Barger, WR Singh, A Panchal, RG Misakian, M Stanford, VM Kasianowicz, JJ AF Shenoy, DK Barger, WR Singh, A Panchal, RG Misakian, M Stanford, VM Kasianowicz, JJ TI Functional reconstitution of protein ion channels into planar polymerizable phospholipid membranes SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALPHA-TOXIN; BILAYER-MEMBRANES; LIPID-BILAYERS; PORE; MOLECULES; DISCRIMINATION; BIOSENSOR; HEMOLYSIN AB We demonstrate that polymerizable planar membranes permit reconstitution of protein ion channels formed by the bacterial toxins Staphylococcus aureus alpha-hemolysin (alpha HL) and Bacillus anthracis protective antigen 63. The alpha HL channel remained functional even after membrane polymerization. Surface pressure measurements suggest that the ease of forming membranes depends on membrane surface elasticity estimated from Langmuir-Blodgett monolayer pressure-area isotherms. The ability to stabilize nanoscale pores in robust ultrathin films may prove useful in single molecule sensing applications. C1 USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA 02459 USA. USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NIST, Adv Chem Sci Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shenoy, DK (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM dshenoy@cbmse.nrl.navy.mil; john.kasianowicz@nist.gov NR 30 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1181 EP 1185 DI 10.1021/nl050481q PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 934SY UT WOS:000229729900034 PM 15943465 ER PT J AU Kopycinska-Muller, M Geiss, RH Muller, J Hurley, DC AF Kopycinska-Muller, M Geiss, RH Muller, J Hurley, DC TI Elastic-property measurements of ultrathin films using atomic force acoustic microscopy SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ULTRASONIC FREQUENCIES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CONTACT STIFFNESS; YOUNGS MODULUS; NANOINDENTATION; INDENTATION; HARDNESS AB Atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM), an emerging technique that affords nanoscale lateral and depth resolution, was employed to measure the elastic properties of ultrathin films. We measured the indentation modulus M of three nickel films approximately 50, 200, and 800 nm thick. In contrast to conventional methods such as nano indentation, the AFAM results remained free of any influence of the silicon substrate, even for the 50 nm film. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the films were nanocrystalline with a strong preferred (111) orientation. Values of M ranged from 210 to 223 GPa, lower than expected from values for bulk nickel. The reduced values of the elastic modulus may be attributed to grain-size effects in the nanocrystalline films. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Reliabil Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kopycinska-Muller, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Reliabil Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM kopycins@boulder.nist.gov OI Kopycinska-Mueller, Malgorzata/0000-0001-7033-3095 NR 28 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 13 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD JUN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 6 BP 703 EP 709 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/16/6/013 PG 7 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 940KZ UT WOS:000230144700013 ER PT J AU Dutton, Z Clark, CW AF Dutton, Z Clark, CW TI Effective one-component description of two-component Bose-Einstein condensate dynamics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COLLECTIVE EXCITATIONS; BINARY-MIXTURES; PHASE; GAS; PROPAGATION; SEPARATION; VORTICES; SOLITON; STORAGE; LIGHT AB We investigate dynamics in two-component Bose-Einstein condensates in the context of coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations and derive results for the evolution of the total density fluctuations. Using these results, we show how, in many cases of interest, the dynamics can be accurately described with an effective one-component Gross-Pitaevskii equation for one of the components, with the trap and interaction coefficients determined by the relative differences in the scattering lengths. We discuss the model in various regimes, where it predicts breathing excitations, and the formation of vector solitons. An effective nonlinear evolution is predicted for some cases of current experimental interest. We then apply the model to construct quasistationary states of two-component condensates. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron & Opt Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron & Opt Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 063618 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.063618 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 942ID UT WOS:000230275200127 ER PT J AU Rosenberg, D Lita, AE Miller, AJ Nam, SW AF Rosenberg, D Lita, AE Miller, AJ Nam, SW TI Noise-free high-efficiency photon-number-resolving detectors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY; BELL THEOREM AB High-efficiency optical detectors that can determine the number of photons in a pulse of monochromatic light have applications in a variety of physics studies, including post-selection-based entanglement protocols for linear optics quantum computing and experiments that simultaneously close the detection and communication loopholes of Bell's inequalities. Here we report on our demonstration of fiber-coupled, noise-free, photon-number-resolving transition-edge sensors with 88% efficiency at 1550 nm. The efficiency of these sensors could be made even higher at any wavelength in the visible and near-infrared spectrum without resulting in a higher dark-count rate or degraded photon-number resolution. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rosenberg, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 19 TC 135 Z9 137 U1 6 U2 27 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 061803 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.061803 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 942ID UT WOS:000230275200025 ER PT J AU Aizpurua, J Bryant, GW Richter, LJ de Abajo, FJG Kelley, BK Mallouk, T AF Aizpurua, J Bryant, GW Richter, LJ de Abajo, FJG Kelley, BK Mallouk, T TI Optical properties of coupled metallic nanorods for field-enhanced spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SCATTERING; PLASMON RESONANCES; SURFACE; MOLECULES; NANOPARTICLES; JUNCTIONS AB The optical properties of coupled metallic nanorods are studied to investigate the use of coupled plasmonic structures in field-enhanced spectroscopies. Light scattering by coupled nanorods is calculated with the boundary element method, including retardation. The modes of coupled nanorod systems are calculated by the boundary charge method and discussed in terms of their symmetry. Similar scattering behavior for isolated nanorods and pairs of nanorods can mask the very different local responses that produce near-field enhancement. The response of isolated rods redshifts with increasing rod length because intrarod restoring forces are reduced. The near- and far-field responses increase monotonically with increasing rod length (increasing polarization along the rod). For coupled nanorods, coupling localizes charge at the gap between the rod ends and splits degenerate modes. The localized charge depolarizes the intrarod response and provides an additional redshift. Moreover, the near-field enhancement in the gap between the nanorods is dramatically increased by coupling-induced charge localization at the gap. For short nanorods, the near-field response in coupled systems is determined by the geometry of the rod ends that define the gap. For longer nanorods, the response in coupled systems is determined by the rod length. Changing the dimensions and geometry of the nanorods to modify the interrod coupling has a major effect on the local-field enhancement. The effects of the environment and the actual metallic material do not have as big an influence on the field enhancement. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Donostia Int Phys Ctr, Donostia San Sebastian 20018, Spain. Univ Basque Country, CSIC, Ctr Mixto, EHU, E-20080 San Sebastian, Spain. Penn State Univ, Dept Chem, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aizpurua@sc.ehu.es; garnett.bryant@nist.gov RI Garcia de Abajo, Javier/A-6095-2009; CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; Mallouk, Thomas/K-7391-2012; Aizpurua, Javier/E-6889-2014; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Garcia de Abajo, Javier/0000-0002-4970-4565; Mallouk, Thomas/0000-0003-4599-4208; Aizpurua, Javier/0000-0002-1444-7589; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 26 TC 383 Z9 385 U1 11 U2 111 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 23 AR 235420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.235420 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IT UT WOS:000230276800109 ER PT J AU Butch, NP Yuhasz, WM Ho, PC Jeffries, JR Frederick, NA Sayles, TA Zheng, XG Maple, MB Betts, JB Lacerda, AH Woodward, FM Lynn, JW Rogl, P Giester, G AF Butch, NP Yuhasz, WM Ho, PC Jeffries, JR Frederick, NA Sayles, TA Zheng, XG Maple, MB Betts, JB Lacerda, AH Woodward, FM Lynn, JW Rogl, P Giester, G TI Ordered magnetic state in PrFe4Sb12 single crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH; TEMPERATURE; RESISTIVITY; TRANSITION; LAFE4P12; BEHAVIOR; FIELDS; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; SKUTTERUDITES; METALS AB The filled skutterudite compound Pr0.87Fe4Sb12 was prepared in single-crystal form and characterized via x-ray-diffraction, neutron-diffraction, specific-heat, electrical-resistivity, and magnetization measurements. Long-range magnetic ordering occurs at T-c approximate to 4.1 K, with the bulk magnetization described by the critical exponents beta=0.57,gamma=0.884, and delta=2.55. The magnetic structure consists of ordered moments on both Pr and Fe sites and may involve a ferrimagnetic arrangement. The electrical resistivity exhibits a very weak dependence on both applied magnetic field and pressure at most temperatures, but at low temperatures, its power-law temperature-dependence varies with magnetic field. Specific-heat measurements indicate an enhanced effective mass. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Pure & Appl Phys Sci, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Vienna, Inst Phys Chem, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Univ Vienna, Inst Mineral & Kristallog, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. Saga Univ, Dept Phys, Saga, Japan. RP Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RI Yuhasz, William/C-9418-2009 NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214417 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214417 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600054 ER PT J AU Kang, HJ Dai, P Mook, HA Argyriou, DN Sikolenko, V Lynn, JW Kurita, Y Komiya, S Ando, Y AF Kang, HJ Dai, P Mook, HA Argyriou, DN Sikolenko, V Lynn, JW Kurita, Y Komiya, S Ando, Y TI Electronically competing phases and their magnetic field dependence in electron-doped nonsuperconducting and superconducting Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4 +/-delta SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; CONDENSED-MATTER PHYSICS; T-C SUPERCONDUCTOR; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ANTIFERROMAGNETIC ORDER; SPURIOUS MAGNETISM; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; SPIN; STATE; PR2CUO4 AB We present comprehensive neutron scattering studies of nonsuperconducting and superconducting electron-doped Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4 +/-delta (PLCCO). At zero field, the transition from antiferromagnetic (AF) as-grown PLCCO to superconductivity without static antiferromagnetism can be achieved by annealing the sample in pure Ar at different temperatures, which also induces an epitaxial (Pr, La, Ce)(2)O-3 phase as an impurity. When the superconductivity first appears in PLCCO, a quasi-two-dimensional (2D) spin-density-wave (SDW) order is also induced, and both coexist with the residual three-dimensional (3D) AF state. A magnetic field applied along the [(1) over bar, 1, 0] direction parallel to the CuO2 plane induces a "spin-flop" transition, where the noncollinear AF spin structure of PLCCO is transformed into a collinear one. The spin-flop transition is continuous in semiconducting PLCCO, but gradually becomes sharp with increasing doping and the appearance of superconductivity. A c-axis aligned magnetic field that suppresses the superconductivity also enhances the quasi-2D SDW order at (0.5, 0.5, 0) for underdoped PLCCO. However, there is no effect on the 3D AF order in either superconducting or nonsuperconducting samples. Since the same field along the [(1) over bar, 1, 0] direction in the CuO2 plane has no (or little) effect on the superconductivity, (0.5, 0.5, 0) and (Pr, La, Ce)(2)O-3 impurity positions, we conclude that the c-axis field-induced effect is intrinsic to PLCCO and arises from the suppression of superconductivity. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Komae, Tokyo 2018511, Japan. RP Kang, HJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov RI Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Ando, Yoichi/B-8163-2013; Sikolenko, Vadim/D-3869-2011 OI Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Ando, Yoichi/0000-0002-3553-3355; Sikolenko, Vadim/0000-0001-5252-6870 NR 59 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214512 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214512 PG 17 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600091 ER PT J AU Prosandeev, SA Waghmare, U Levin, I Maslar, J AF Prosandeev, SA Waghmare, U Levin, I Maslar, J TI First-order Raman spectra of AB ' B-1/2 '' O-1/2(3) double perovskites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; SCATTERING; CRYSTALS; PBSC1/2NB1/2O3; DYNAMICS; DISORDER; SILICON; SOLIDS; ORDER AB First-principles computations of Raman intensities were performed for the perovskite-family compound CaAl1/2Nb1/2O3 (CAN). This compound features NaCl-type ordering of Al and Nb superimposed onto the b(-)b(-)c(+) octahedral tilting. Raman tensor for CAN was computed using the package for first-principles computations ABINIT (URL http://www.abinit.org). Computations performed for both untilted cubic (F m(3) over bar m) and tilted monoclinic (P2(1)/n) CAN structures showed that the strongest Raman lines are associated with the ordering of Al and Nb. The computed spectrum agreed qualitatively with the experimental data measured on powder (CAN is available in polycrystalline form only). The effect of cation disorder on the Raman intensities was considered using a phenomenological theory of light scattering in the vicinity of a phase transition. We suggest that, for certain modes, the corresponding Raman intensities depend primarily on the average long-range order whereas, for other modes, the intensities are determined by the fluctuation of the order parameter. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rostov State Univ, Dept Phys, Rostov Na Donu 344090, Russia. Jawaharlal Nehru Ctr Adv Sci Res, Theoret Sci Unit, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. RP Prosandeev, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 39 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214307 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.2143073 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600037 ER PT J AU Qiu, Y Broholm, C Ishiwata, S Azuma, M Takano, M Bewley, R Buyers, WJL AF Qiu, Y Broholm, C Ishiwata, S Azuma, M Takano, M Bewley, R Buyers, WJL TI Spin-trimer antiferromagnetism in La4Cu3MoO12 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITION; POLARIZATION; PYROCHLORE; CLUSTERS; DYNAMICS; IONS AB La4Cu3MoO12 is a cluster antiferromagnet where copper spin-1/2 trimers form a network of strongly coupled spin trimers. The magnetic properties of this material have been examined using magnetic neutron scattering. At low temperatures, excitations from the ground state are observed at 7.5 (3) meV and 132.5 (5) meV. An additional peak in the neutron scattering spectrum, which appears at 125.0 (5) meV on heating, is ascribed to a transition between excited states. The wave vector and temperature dependence of the inelastic magnetic scattering cross section are consistent with intratrimer transitions. Magnetic neutron diffraction reveals antiferromagnetic order below T-N=2.6 K with a wave vector (1/200). The ordered magnetic structure is described as intertrimer order where spin correlations within trimers are controlled by the strong intratrimer interactions. Combining the information derived from elastic and inelastic magnetic neutron scattering with group theoretical analysis, a consistent set of intratrimer interactions and ordered magnetic structures is derived. The experiment provides a simple worked example of magnetism associated with interatomic composite degrees of freedom in the extreme quantum limit. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Kyoto 6110011, Japan. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Chalk River Labs, Natl Res Council, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. RP Qiu, Y (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM qiuym@pha.jhu.edu RI Azuma, Masaki/C-2945-2009; Ishiwata, Shintaro/A-2637-2010; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011 OI Azuma, Masaki/0000-0002-8378-321X; Ishiwata, Shintaro/0000-0003-1696-2514; Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 21 AR 214439 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.214439 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 942IR UT WOS:000230276600076 ER PT J AU Mamontov, E Kumzerov, YA Vakhrushev, SB AF Mamontov, E Kumzerov, YA Vakhrushev, SB TI Translational dynamics of water in the nanochannels of oriented chrysotile asbestos fibers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SUPERCOOLED WATER; DIFFUSIVE MOTIONS; CONFINED SPACE; POROUS SILICA; SLOW DYNAMICS; MOLECULES; MONTMORILLONITE; DIFFRACTION; NUCLEATION AB We performed a high-resolution quasielastic neutron scattering study of water dynamics in fully hydrated oriented chrysotile asbestos [chemical formula Mg3Si2O5(OH)(4)] fibers. The fibers possess sets of macroscopically long, parallel channels with a characteristic diameter of about 5 nm. Freezing of water in the channels was observed at about 237 K. Measurements at 280, 260, and 240 K revealed a translational dynamics of water molecules with the relaxation time slower by more than an order of magnitude compared to bulk water. The Q dependence of the quasielastic broadening was typical of a translational diffusion motion with a distribution of jump lengths, similar to that observed in bulk water. The relaxation time showed no significant anisotropy in the measurements with the scattering vector parallel and perpendicular to the fiber axes. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Ioffe Phys Tech Inst, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Mamontov, E (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8562, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Vakhrushev, Sergey/A-9855-2011; Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Vakhrushev, Sergey/0000-0003-4867-1404; Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 NR 35 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 061502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.061502 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 942HW UT WOS:000230274500030 PM 16089738 ER PT J AU Van Workum, K Yoshimoto, K de Pablo, JJ Douglas, JF AF Van Workum, K Yoshimoto, K de Pablo, JJ Douglas, JF TI Isothermal stress and elasticity tensors for ions and point dipoles using Ewald summations SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE TENSOR; LATTICE SUMS; SIMULATION; CONSTANTS AB The isothermal stress tensor and isothermal elasticity tensor for systems of point charges and of nonpolarizable point dipoles are derived from the strain derivatives of the free energy. For the case of point dipoles, it is shown that the angular dependence of the interaction potential gives rise to additional contributions to the stress and elasticity tensors not recognized previously. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Van Workum, K (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JUN PY 2005 VL 71 IS 6 AR 061102 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.71.061102 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 942HW UT WOS:000230274500009 PM 16089717 ER PT J AU Stutzman, P AF Stutzman, P TI Powder diffraction analysis of hydraulic cements: ASTM Rietveld round-robin results on precision SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Denver X-ray Conference 2004 CY MAR, 2004 CL Denver, CO AB Phase composition estimates by X-ray powder diffraction and Rietveld analysis are becoming more widely used in the cement industry. The ASTM C01.23 Compositional Analysis subcommittee developed test method C1365, "Standard Test Method for Determination of the Proportion of Phases in Portland Cement and Portland-Cement Clinker Using X-Ray Powder Diffraction Analysis." A round-robin analysis involving 11 laboratories was initiated to assess the precision and bias of this approach and to develop guidelines for Rietveld analysis of hydraulic cements. Four cements were prepared using NIST SRM clinkers spiked with known amounts of one or more of the following minerals: gypsum, bassanite, anhydrite, and calcite. Specimens were provided with instructions that laboratories analyze the whole cement, collect data in triplicate, and repack the specimen for each run. The results of the round robin were used to estimate interlaboratory and intralaboratory precision and bias of phase abundance determinations. The results show an improvement over previous cement round-robin studies utilizing traditional internal-standard-based, peak-area-measurement methods. (c) 2005 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 NIST, Bldg & Fires Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stutzman, P (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fires Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 97 EP 100 DI 10.1154/1.1913712 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 935DA UT WOS:000229758400005 ER PT J AU Jach, T Small, JA Newbury, DE AF Jach, T Small, JA Newbury, DE TI Improving energy stability in the national institute of standards and technology microcalorimeter X-ray detector SO POWDER DIFFRACTION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Denver X-ray Conference 2004 CY MAR, 2004 CL Denver, CO AB Microcalori meter X-ray detectors using a transition edge sensor depend for their linearity and energy scale on the stability of the operating point on the transition curve. We report on some sources of energy scale drift in microcalorimeter X-ray detectors and the manner in which they have been addressed. Previously observed drifts of > 10 eV/h have been reduced to 1-2 eV/h. This improved stability has resulted in the observation of X-ray fluorescence linewidths of <= 12 eV over 6 h of counting time. (c) 2005 International Centre for Diffraction Data. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal & Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jach, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal & Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU J C P D S-INT CENTRE DIFFRACTION DATA PI NEWTOWN SQ PA 12 CAMPUS BLVD, NEWTOWN SQ, PA 19073-3273 USA SN 0885-7156 J9 POWDER DIFFR JI Powder Diffr. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 2 BP 134 EP 136 DI 10.1154/1.1913706 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA 935DA UT WOS:000229758400014 ER PT J AU Donley, EA Heavner, TP Levi, F Tataw, MO Jefferts, SR AF Donley, EA Heavner, TP Levi, F Tataw, MO Jefferts, SR TI Double-pass acousto-optic modulator system SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A practical problem that arises when using acousto-optic modulators (AOMs) to scan the laser frequency is the dependence of the beam diffraction angle on the modulation frequency. Alignment problems with AOM-modulated laser beams can be effectively eliminated by using the AOM in the double-pass configuration, which compensates for beam deflections. On a second pass through the AOM, the beam with its polarization rotated by 90 degrees is deflected back such that it counterpropagates the incident laser beam and it can be separated from the input beam with a polarizing beam splitter. Here we present our design for a compact, stable, double-pass AOM with 75% double-pass diffraction efficiency and a tuning bandwidth of 68 MHz full width at half maximum for light transmitted through a single-mode fiber. The overall efficiency of the system (defined as the optical power out of the single-mode fiber divided by the optical power into the apparatus) is 60%. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Ist Elettrotecnico Nazl Galileo Ferraris, Turin, Italy. RP Donley, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM edonley@boulder.nist.gov RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 7 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 063112 DI 10.1063/1.1930095 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000041 ER PT J AU Moon, SH Chiche, A Forster, AM Zhang, WH Stafford, CM AF Moon, SH Chiche, A Forster, AM Zhang, WH Stafford, CM TI Evaluation of temperature-dependent adhesive performance via combinatorial probe tack measurements SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE-SENSITIVE-ADHESIVES; SOFT ADHESIVES; ELASTIC LAYERS; FAILURE; DEFORMATION; CAVITATION; MECHANICS; POLYMERS; LIQUIDS AB We describe the design and application of a temperature gradient probe tack apparatus for investigating the adhesive performance of model pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs). In particular, we illustrate a probe tack apparatus for studying the effect of temperature on three critical adhesion identifiers: adhesion energy, elongation at break, and debonding mechanisms. The measurement temperature is varied across the PSA film using a gradient temperature stage constructed from a transparent sapphire plate with a heating and cooling source positioned at opposite ends. The transparent substrate allows visualization of the contact area and debonding mechanisms during the test. The gradient temperature stage is integrated onto a motorized x-y stage, enabling a matrix of probe tack tests to be conducted across the PSA film at different sample temperatures. We use a spherical probe to evaluate the adhesive performance of a 150 mu m thick model poly(styrene-b-isoprene-b-styrene) PSA film between a temperature range of 10 degrees C to 100 degrees C. We demonstrate that this apparatus is a viable combinatorial design for tack measurements and may be extended to more complicated two-dimensional gradient films. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 062210 DI 10.1063/1.1906105 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000012 ER PT J AU Stafford, CM Guo, S Harrison, C Chiang, MYM AF Stafford, CM Guo, S Harrison, C Chiang, MYM TI Combinatorial and high-throughput measurements of the modulus of thin polymer films SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BULGE TEST; SURFACE; SCATTERING; COLLAPSE AB We describe the design and refinement of a high-throughput buckling-based metrology for ascertaining the mechanical properties (e.g., modulus) of combinatorial thin polymer film libraries. We provide critical details for the construction of a suitable strain stage, describe sample preparation, and highlight methods for high-throughput data acquisition and data analysis. To illustrate the combinatorial and high-throughput capability of this metrology, we prepare and evaluate films possessing a gradient in the elastic modulus and compare the results with an analytical expression derived from composite beam theory. Application of this metrology is very simple and practically any laboratory, academic or industrial, can perform such measurements with only modest investment in equipment. Although developed as a platform for investigating combinatorial libraries, researchers can take advantage of the high-throughput nature of this metrology to measure noncombinatorial film specimens as well. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 22 TC 73 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 6 AR 062207 DI 10.1063/1.1906085 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 937YG UT WOS:000229962000009 ER PT J AU Peng, TH AF Peng, TH TI Anthropogenic CO(2) in the ocean SO SCIENTIA MARINA LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic carbon; distribution in ocean; chemistry impact ID FOSSIL-FUEL CO2; CALCIUM-CARBONATE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; INDIAN-OCEAN; INCREASE; DISSOLUTION; INVENTORY; CHEMISTRY; CAUTION AB The focus of this review article is on the anthropogenic CO(2) taken up by the ocean. There are several methods of identifying the anthropogenic CO(2) signal and quantifying its inventory in the ocean. The Delta C* method is most frequently used to estimate the global distribution of anthropogenic CO(2) in the ocean. Results based on analysis of the dataset obtained from the comprehensive surveys of inorganic carbon distribution in the world oceans in the 1990s are given. These surveys were jointly conducted during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) and the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS). This data set consists of 9618 hydrographic stations from a total of 95 cruises, which represents the most accurate and comprehensive view of the distribution of inorganic carbon in the global ocean available today. The increase of anthropogenic CO, in the ocean during the past few decades is also evaluated using direct comparison of results from repeat surveys and using statistical method of Multi-parameter Linear Regression (MLR). The impact of increasing oceanic anthropogenic CO, on the calcium carbonate system in the ocean is reviewed briefly as well. Extensive studies of CaCO(3) dissolution as a result of increasing anthropogenic CO(2) in the ocean have revealed several distinct oceanic regions where the CaCO(3) undersaturation zone has expanded. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Peng, TH (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Tsung-Hung.Peng@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU INST CIENCIAS MAR BARCELONA PI BARCELONA PA PG MARITIM DE LA BARCELONETA, 37-49, 08003 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0214-8358 J9 SCI MAR JI Sci. Mar. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 69 SU 1 BP 85 EP 96 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 937RI UT WOS:000229942800007 ER PT J AU Govoni, JJ AF Govoni, JJ TI Fisheries oceanography and the ecology of early life histories of fishes: a perspective over fifty years SO SCIENTIA MARINA LA English DT Review DE fishery oceanography; fish early life history ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; FLOUNDER PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS; ANCHOVY ENGRAULIS-JAPONICUS; GROWTH-SELECTIVE PREDATION; CORAL-REEF FISH; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LARVAL FISH; NUTRITIONAL CONDITION; SCOTIAN SHELF; MARINE FISH AB Fisheries oceanography can be defined as the study of the ecology of fishes in the ocean: so defined, it comprises study at all levels of ecological organization - organisms, populations, communities, and ecosystems. The early life history of fishes plays out at each of these levels of organization. A paradigm developed by Johan Hjort at the turn of the twentieth century, along with postulates by Hjort and many of his colleagues that followed, came to guide much of fisheries oceanography through the ensuing hundred years. Research themes that address these postulates can be roughly partitioned as the study of the physiological ecology of the eggs and larvae of fishes in the sea, and the study of the abundance and distribution of fish propagules. Using case studies of organisms and physical processes, considerable progress has been made in understanding the causes of variation in population recruitment, defined either by stage-based models and simulated by individual-based models. Some of this progress has been published in Scientia Marina, or its predecessor Investigacion Pesquera. The causes of variation, however, are interactive and operative at differing, yet often overlapping, spatial and temporal scales. Difficulty in matching spatial scales that typically differ by an order of magnitude or more, will continue to trouble the resolution of causes of population recruitment. Moreover, study of the causes of variation in recruitment has not led to predictive power at an annual scale. Prediction at a decadal scale, using community (or more appropriately larval fish assemblages) and ecosystem level dynamics, is more hopeful. C1 Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC USA. RP Govoni, JJ (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC USA. EM Jeff.Govoni@noaa.gov NR 175 TC 47 Z9 49 U1 3 U2 20 PU INST CIENCIAS MAR BARCELONA PI BARCELONA PA PG MARITIM DE LA BARCELONETA, 37-49, 08003 BARCELONA, SPAIN SN 0214-8358 J9 SCI MAR JI Sci. Mar. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 69 SU 1 BP 125 EP 137 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 937RI UT WOS:000229942800010 ER PT J AU Belov, A Garcia, H Kurt, V Mavromichalaki, H Gerontidou, M AF Belov, A Garcia, H Kurt, V Mavromichalaki, H Gerontidou, M TI Proton enhancements and their relation to the X-ray flares during the three last solar cycles SO SOLAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; FREQUENCY-DISTRIBUTIONS; ANISOTROPIC DIFFUSION; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; COSMIC RAYS; EVENTS; TEMPERATURE; SPACE; MODEL; SHOCK AB Energetic proton measurements obtained from the GOES and IMP-8 satellites as well as from ground-based neutron monitors are compared with the GOES soft X-ray measurements of the associated solar flares for the period 1975-2003. The present study investigates a broad range of phenomenology relating proton events to flares (with some references to related interplanetary disturbances), including correlations of occurrence, intensities, durations and timing of both the particle event and the flare as well as the role of the heliographic location of the designated active region. 1144 proton events of > 10 MeV energy were selected from this 28-year period. Owing primarily to the low particle flux threshold employed more than half of this number was found to be reliably connected with an X-ray flare. The statistical analysis indicates that the probability and magnitude of the near-Earth proton enhancement depends critically on the flare's importance and its heliolongitude. In this study all flares of X-ray importance > X5 and located in the most propitious heliolongitude range, 15 degrees W to 75 degrees W, were succeeded by a detectable proton enhancement. It was also found that the heliolongitude frequently determines the character of the proton event time profile. In addition to intensity, duration and timing, proton events were found to be related to the other flare properties such as lower temperatures and longer loop lengths. C1 IZMIRAN, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Nucl & Particle Phys Sect, GR-15771 Athens, Greece. RP Belov, A (reprint author), IZMIRAN, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Region, Russia. EM emavromi@cc.uoa.gr NR 66 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-0938 J9 SOL PHYS JI Sol. Phys. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 229 IS 1 BP 135 EP 159 DI 10.1007/s11207-005-4721-3 PG 25 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 983QF UT WOS:000233246500012 ER PT J AU Sui, CH Li, XF AF Sui, CH Li, XF TI A tendency of cloud ratio associated with the development of tropical water and ice clouds SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID STRATIFORM PRECIPITATION; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; MODEL; CONVECTION; MESOSCALE; HEAT; PARAMETERIZATION; ORGANIZATION; CYCLONES AB The ratio of column-integrated cloud content between ice and liquid phases (CR) is a good indicator of cloud dynamics (e.g., convective or stratiform) and radiative properties. Clouds are more stratiform when the CR is larger and more convective for smaller CR values. In this study, a tendency equation of the cloud ratio is derived. The tendency of the cloud ratio (partial derivative CR/partial derivative t) is determined by six major cloud microphysical processes: vapor condensation and deposition as cloud sources, rainfall and evaporation of rain as the sinks of water clouds, and melting of graupel and accretion of cloud water by precipitation ice as the major conversion processes between water and ice clouds. Apparently, partial derivative CR/partial derivative t is related to water cycling processes among vapor and different categories of clouds, and links the amount of water vapor and clouds with temperature through latent heating. An analysis of the tendency of the cloud ratio is carried out using hourly zonal-mean data based on a 2D cloud-resolving simulation with the imposed forcing from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment. During the genesis and decay stages of clouds (a zonal-mean surface rain rate of smaller than 0.3 mm h(-1)), the tendency of the cloud ratio is mainly controlled by the processes related to the vapor condensation and deposition. During the mature stage of clouds (a zonal-mean surface rain rate of larger than 0.3 mm h(-1)), the tendency of the cloud ratio is determined by conversion between water and ice clouds through melting of graupel and accretion of cloud water by precipitation ice. C1 Natl Cent Univ, Inst Hydrol Sci, Chungli, Taiwan. Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Sui, CH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Hydrol Sci, Chungli, Taiwan. EM sui@cc.ncu.edu.tw RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014; OI SUI, CHUNG-HSIUNG/0000-0003-2842-5660 NR 27 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 2 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 16 IS 2 BP 419 EP 434 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 959MD UT WOS:000231520900008 ER PT J AU Radwan, FFY Wang, ZH Ramsdell, JS AF Radwan, FFY Wang, ZH Ramsdell, JS TI Identification of a rapid detoxification mechanism for brevetoxin in rats SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE brevetoxins; brevetoxin metabolism; Karenia brevis; harmful algal bloom ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; BLOOD COLLECTION CARDS; FLORIDA RED TIDE; NEW-ZEALAND; PERNA-CANALICULUS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; KARENIA-BREVIS; AUSTROVENUS-STUTCHBURYI; CONTROLLED EXPOSURES; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AB We examined detoxification of brevetoxin in rats through metabolic activities and key elimination routes by analyzing samples from individual rats exposed to two brevetoxin congeners (PbTx-2 and PbTx-3). Brevetoxins were detected by radioimmunoassay in methanolic extracts of blood within 1 h post intraperitoneal (ip) administration. The toxin assay response was about three times higher in PbTx-2-treated rats versus the same dose (180 mu g/kg) of PbTx-3. This difference persisted for up to 8 h postexposure. When the blood samples were reextracted with 20% methanol to enhance recovery of potential polar brevetoxin metabolites, 25-fold higher assay activity was present in the PbTx-2-treated rats. Analysis of urine from the same animals identified 7-fold more activity in the PbTx-2-treated rats that accumulated over the course of 24 h. Radioimmunoassay-guided high performance liquid chromatographic analysis of urine from PbTx-2-treated rats yielded three major peaks of activity. The first peak was attributed to the two cysteine adducts, cysteine-PbTx sulfoxide and cysteine-PbTx (MH+: m/z 1034 and 1018). The second peak was attributed to the oxidized form of PbTx-2 (MH+: m/z 911) and its reduction product PbTx-3. The third peak remains unidentified. Brevetoxin cysteine conjugate and its sulfoxide product contributed nearly three-quarters of the brevetoxin immunoactivity. Our findings indicate the most commonly occurring PbTx-2 is rapidly transformed to a polar metabolite of a reduced biological activity that appears in blood and remains for up to 8 h, yet is cleared mostly to the urine within 24 h. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomed Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. S Valley Univ, Fac Sci Sohag, Aswan, Egypt. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 85 IS 2 BP 839 EP 846 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfi138 PG 8 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 928QN UT WOS:000229286900004 PM 15746006 ER PT J AU Colman, JR Twiner, MJ Hess, P McMahon, T Satake, M Yasumoto, T Doucette, GJ Ramsdell, JS AF Colman, JR Twiner, MJ Hess, P McMahon, T Satake, M Yasumoto, T Doucette, GJ Ramsdell, JS TI Teratogenic effects of azaspiracid-1 identified by microinjection of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) embryos SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE phycotoxin; azaspiracid; medaka; development ID CELL-MIGRATION; MYTILUS-EDULIS; MARINE TOXIN; RED-TIDE; FISH; MUSSELS; CIGUATOXINS; BREVETOXIN; ZEBRAFISH; SHELLFISH AB Azaspiracid-1 (AZA-1) is a newly identified phycotoxin that accumulates in commercially important bivalve molluscs harvested in several European countries and causes severe human intoxications. Molluscan shellfish are known vectors for accumulation and subsequent transfer of phycotoxins such as brevetoxin and domoic acid through various trophic levels within food webs. Finfish can also accumulate phycotoxins, both directly from toxic algae or from consumption of contaminated shellfish and smaller intoxicated fish. To evaluate the teratogenic potential of AZA-1 and its relevancy to toxin accumulation in finfish, we have utilized a microinjection technique to mimic the maternal-egg toxin transfer of an AZA-1 reference standard and a shellfish extract containing azaspiracids in an embryonic Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) fish model. Microinjection of purified AZA-1 caused dose-dependent effects on heart rate, developmental rate, hatching success, and viability in medaka embryos. Within 4 days of exposure to doses >= 40 pg AZA-1/egg, substantial retardation in development was observed as reduced somatic growth and yolk absorption, and delayed onset of blood circulation and pigmentation. Embryos treated to >= 40 pg AZA-1/egg had slower heart rates (bradycardia) for the 9 days in ovo period, followed by reduced hatching success. Microinjection of a contaminated mussel (Mytilus edulis) extract containing AZAs (AZA-1, -2, and -3), okadaic acid, and dinophysistoxin-2 resulted in similar responses from the fish embryos at equivalent doses. These studies demonstrate that AZA-1 is a potent teratogen to finfish. This work will complement future investigations on AZA-1 accumulation in marine food webs and provide a basis for understanding its toxicity at different trophic levels. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Inst Marine, Marine Environm & Food Safety Serv, Galway, Ireland. Tama Lab, Japan Food Res Lab, Tama, Tokyo, Japan. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Aoba Ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov RI Hess, Philipp/G-1761-2010; Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 OI Hess, Philipp/0000-0002-9047-1345; NR 33 TC 36 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 45 IS 7 BP 881 EP 890 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.02.014 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 936HQ UT WOS:000229846500008 PM 15904683 ER PT J AU Twiner, MJ Hess, P Dechraoui, MYB McMahon, T Samons, MS Satake, M Yasumoto, T Ramsdell, JS Doucette, GJ AF Twiner, MJ Hess, P Dechraoui, MYB McMahon, T Samons, MS Satake, M Yasumoto, T Ramsdell, JS Doucette, GJ TI Cytotoxic and cytoskeletal effects of azaspiracid-1 on mammalian cell lines SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE azaspiracids; lymphocyte; shellfish; phycotoxins; cytotoxicity ID SHELLFISH TOXINS; MYTILUS-EDULIS; MARINE TOXIN; MUSSELS; ASSAY; DYNAMICS; CONTAMINATION; MIGRATION; IRELAND; ANALOGS AB Azaspiracid-1 (AZA-1) is a newly identified phycotoxin reported to accumulate in molluscs from several northern European countries and documented to have caused severe human intoxications. The mechanism of action of AZA-1 is unknown. Our initial investigations have shown that AZA-1 is cytotoxic to a range of cell types. Cytotoxicity was evident in all seven cell types tested, suggesting a broad-spectrum mode of action, and was both time- and concentration-dependent. However, AZA-1 took an unusually long time ( > 24 h) to cause complete cytotoxicity in most cell types, with the exception of the rat pituitary GH(4)C(1). Extended exposure times did not always lower the EC50 value for a given cell line, but always resulted in more complete cytotoxicity over a very narrow concentration range. The Jurkat cell line (human lymphocyte T) appeared to be very sensitive to AZA-1, although the EC50 values (24-72 h) for all the cell types were in the low nanomolar range (0.9-16.8 nM). The effect of AZA-1 on membrane integrity was tested on Jurkat cells and these data confirm our visual observations of cytotoxicity and necrotic cell lysis following exposure of Jurkat cells to AZA-1 and suggest that AZA-1 has some properties unique among marine algal toxins. Additionally, there were dramatic effects of AZA-1 on the arrangement of F-actin with the concurrent loss of pseudopodia, cytoplasmic extensions that function in mobility and chemotaxis. Although these phycotoxinspecific effects of AZA-1 suggest a possible site of action, further work using cell-based approaches is needed to determine the precise mode of action of AZA-1. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Inst Marine, Marine Environm & Food Safety Serv, Galway, Ireland. Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. Tohoku Univ, Grad Sch Agr Sci, Sendai, Miyagi 980, Japan. Tama Lab, Japan Food Res Lab, Tama, Tokyo, Japan. RP Doucette, GJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM greg.doucette@noaa.gov RI Hess, Philipp/G-1761-2010; Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 OI Hess, Philipp/0000-0002-9047-1345; NR 31 TC 73 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JUN 1 PY 2005 VL 45 IS 7 BP 891 EP 900 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2005.02.015 PG 10 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 936HQ UT WOS:000229846500009 PM 15904684 ER PT J AU Ward, MP Ramsay, BH Gallo, K AF Ward, MP Ramsay, BH Gallo, K TI Rural cases of equine West Nile virus encephalomyelitis and the normalized difference vegetation index SO VECTOR-BORNE AND ZOONOTIC DISEASES LA English DT Article DE West Nile virus encephalomyelitis; equine; spatial; GIS; NDVI; Indiana ID NEW-YORK; VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY; HORSES; INFECTION; SURVEILLANCE; MOSQUITOS; OUTBREAK; SPACE; BIRDS; TIME AB Data from an outbreak (August to October, 2002) of West Nile virus (WNV) encephalomyelitis in a population of horses located in northern Indiana was scanned for clusters in time and space. One significant (p = 0.04) cluster of case premises was detected, occurring between September 4 and 10 in the south-west part of the study area (85.70 degrees N, 45.50 degrees W). It included 10 case premises (3.67 case premises expected) within a radius of 2264 m. Image data were acquired by the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor onboard a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration polar-orbiting satellite. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was calculated from visible and near-infrared data of daily observations, which were composited to produce a weekly-1km(2) resolution raster image product. During the epidemic, a significant (p < 0.01) decrease (0.025 per week) in estimated NDVI was observed at all case and control premise sites. The median estimated NDVI (0.659) for case premises within the cluster identified was significantly (p < 0.01) greater than the median estimated NDVI for other case (0.571) and control (0.596) premises during the same period. The difference in median estimated NDVI for case premises within this cluster, compared to cases not included in this cluster, was greatest (5.3% and 5.1%, respectively) at 1 and 5 weeks preceding occurrence of the cluster. The NDVI may be useful for identifying foci of WNV transmission. C1 Purdue Univ, Sch Vet Med, Dept Vet Pathobiol, W Lafayette, IN USA. Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD USA. United State Geol Survey Earth Resources Observat, Sioux Falls, SD USA. RP Ward, MP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Vet Integrat Biosci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM mward@cvm.tamu.edu RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; Ward, Michael/C-5758-2009 NR 36 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU MARY ANN LIEBERT INC PI NEW ROCHELLE PA 140 HUGUENOT STREET, 3RD FL, NEW ROCHELLE, NY 10801 USA SN 1530-3667 J9 VECTOR-BORNE ZOONOT JI Vector-Borne Zoonotic Dis. PD SUM PY 2005 VL 5 IS 2 BP 181 EP 188 DI 10.1089/vbz.2005.5.181 PG 8 WC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases SC Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Infectious Diseases GA 947IX UT WOS:000230637900013 PM 16011435 ER PT J AU Banacos, PC Schultz, DM AF Banacos, PC Schultz, DM TI The use of moisture flux convergence in forecasting convective initiation: Historical and operational perspectives SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SURFACE DIVERGENCE; THUNDERSTORM INITIATION; DERIVATIVE ESTIMATION; CUMULUS CONVECTION; FRONTAL SURFACES; POSITIVE CAPE; WARM-SEASON; LIFE-CYCLE; STORMS; MODEL AB Moisture flux convergence (MFC) is a term in the conservation of water vapor equation and was first calculated in the 1950s and 1960s as a vertically integrated quantity to predict rainfall associated with synoptic-scale systems. Vertically integrated MFC was also incorporated into the Kuo cumulus parameterization scheme for the Tropics. MFC was eventually suggested for use in forecasting convective initiation in the midlatitudes in 1970, but practical MFC usage quickly evolved to include only surface data, owing to the higher spatial and temporal resolution of surface observations. Since then, surface MFC has been widely applied as a short-term (0-3 h) prognostic quantity for forecasting convective initiation, with an emphasis on determining the favorable spatial location(s) for such development. A scale analysis shows that surface MFC is directly proportional to the horizontal mass convergence field, allowing MFC to be highly effective in highlighting mesoscale boundaries between different air masses near the earth's surface that can be resolved by surface data and appropriate grid spacing in gridded analyses and numerical models. However, the effectiveness of boundaries in generating deep moist convection is influenced by many factors, including the depth of the vertical circulation along the boundary and the presence of convective available potential energy (CAPE) and convective inhibition (CIN) near the boundary. Moreover, lower- and upper-tropospheric jets, frontogenesis, and other forcing mechanisms may produce horizontal mass convergence above the surface, providing the necessary lift to bring elevated parcels to their level of free convection without connection to the boundary layer. Case examples elucidate these points as a context for applying horizontal mass convergence for convective initiation. Because horizontal mass convergence is a more appropriate diagnostic in an ingredients-based methodology for forecasting convective initiation, its use is recommended over MFC. C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Metreorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Banacos, PC (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM peter.banacos@noaa.gov RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975 NR 77 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 351 EP 366 DI 10.1175/WAF858.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941FD UT WOS:000230199800008 ER PT J AU Otte, TL Pouliot, G Pleim, JE Young, JO Schere, KL Wong, DC Lee, PCS Tsidulko, M McQueen, JT Davidson, P Mathur, R Chuang, HY DiMego, G Seaman, NL AF Otte, TL Pouliot, G Pleim, JE Young, JO Schere, KL Wong, DC Lee, PCS Tsidulko, M McQueen, JT Davidson, P Mathur, R Chuang, HY DiMego, G Seaman, NL TI Linking the Eta Model with the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system to build a national air quality forecasting system SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DYNAMICALLY CONSISTENT FORMULATIONS; PART I; OZONE; PHOTODISSOCIATION; CAMPAIGN; PROJECT; FLUX AB NOAA and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) have developed a national air quality forecasting (AQF) system that is based on numerical models for meteorology, emissions, and chemistry. The AQF system generates gridded model forecasts of ground-level ozone (O-3) that can help air quality forecasters to predict and alert the public of the onset, severity, and duration of poor air quality conditions. Although AQF efforts have existed in metropolitan centers for many years, this AQF system provides a national numerical guidance product and the first-ever air quality forecasts for many (predominantly rural) areas of the United States. The AQF system is currently based on NCEP's Eta Model and the EPA's Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. The AQF system, which was implemented into operations at the National Weather Service in September of 2004, currently generates twice-daily forecasts of 03 for the northeastern United States at 12-km horizontal grid spacing. Preoperational testing to support the 2003 and 2004 03 forecast seasons showed that the AQF system provided valuable guidance that could be used in the air quality forecast process. The AQF system will be expanded over the next several years to include a nationwide domain, a capability for forecasting fine particle pollution, and a longer forecast period. State and local agencies will now issue air quality forecasts that are based, in part, on guidance from the AQF system. This note describes the process and software components used to link the Eta Model and CMAQ for the national AQF system, discusses several technical and logistical issues that were considered, and provides examples of O-3 forecasts from the AQF system. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, ASMD, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. Lockheed Martin Informat Technol, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP NOAA, Air Resources Lab, ASMD, US EPA Mail Drop E243-03, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM tanya.otte@noaa.gov RI Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016; Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017; OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082; Spero, Tanya/0000-0002-1600-0422; Pouliot, George/0000-0003-3406-4814 NR 48 TC 97 Z9 100 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 367 EP 384 DI 10.1175/WAF855.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941FD UT WOS:000230199800009 ER PT J AU Brown, RA Steadham, RM Flickinger, BA Lee, RR Sirmans, D Wood, VT AF Brown, RA Steadham, RM Flickinger, BA Lee, RR Sirmans, D Wood, VT TI New WSR-88D Volume Coverage Pattern 12: Results of field tests SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID DETECTION ALGORITHM; STORMS AB For the first time since the installation of the national network of Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D), a new scanning strategy-Volume Coverage Pattern 12 (VCP 12)-has been added to the suite of scanning strategies. VCP 12 is a faster version of VCP 11 and has denser vertical sampling at lower elevation angles. This note discusses results of field tests in Oklahoma and Mississippi during 2001-03 that led to the decision to implement VCP 12. Output from meteorological algorithms for a test-bed radar using an experimental VCP were compared with output for a nearby operational WSR-88D using VCP 11 or 21. These comparisons were made for severe storms that were at comparable distances from both radars. Findings indicate that denser vertical sampling at lower elevation angles leads to earlier and longer algorithm identifications of storm cells and mesocyclones, especially those more distant from a radar. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NOAA, WSR 88D, Radar Operat Ctr, Norman, OK USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RS Informat Syst Inc, Norman, OK USA. RP Brown, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM Rodger.Brown@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD JUN PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 385 EP 393 DI 10.1175/WAF848.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 941FD UT WOS:000230199800010 ER PT J AU Wilder, EA Wilson, KS Quinn, JB Skrtic, D Antonucci, JM AF Wilder, EA Wilson, KS Quinn, JB Skrtic, D Antonucci, JM TI Effect of an organogelator on the properties of dental composites SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; BIOACTIVE POLYMERIC COMPOSITES; MINERALIZED TISSUE REGENERATION; DIBENZYLIDENE SORBITOL; METHACRYLATE CONVERSION; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ORGANIC LIQUIDS; ETHYLENE-GLYCOL; GELS; 1,3/2,4-DI-O-BENZYLIDENE-D-SORBITOL AB Bioactive dental composites containing amorphous calcium phosphate have the potential to remineralize caries lesions and white spots, but their applications are limited by the inherent weakness of calcium phosphate as a filler material. To extend the possible uses of these materials, it is necessary to develop stable composites that exhibit strong mechanical properties and sustained ion release. Dibenzylidene sorbitol (DBS) is an organic molecule capable of inducing physical gelation in a variety of organic solvents, monomers, and polymers by forming self-assembled networks. Recent efforts have revealed that DBS is capable of gelation in a wide variety of dental monomers including an ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA). This research was aimed at determining the effect of DBS networks on vinyl conversion, polymerization shrinkage, mechanical properties, and ion release potential of bioactive dental composites consisting of zirconia-modified amorphous calcium phosphate (Zr-ACP) as the primary filler phase and EBPADMA as the resin matrix phase. Although DBS had little effect on the vinyl conversion of EBPADMA/Zr-ACP composites, it significantly (1) reduced the volumetric shrinkage and associated shrinkage stress, and (2) increased the biaxial flexural strength and hardness of dry specimens. However, ion release studies suggest that DBS inhibits the release of calcium and phosphate ions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wilder, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elizabeth.wilder@nist.gov NR 41 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2946 EP 2952 DI 10.1021/cm048340x PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 933TO UT WOS:000229656000024 ER PT J AU Jouet, RJ Warren, AD Rosenberg, DM Bellitto, VJ Park, K Zachariah, MR AF Jouet, RJ Warren, AD Rosenberg, DM Bellitto, VJ Park, K Zachariah, MR TI Surface passivation of bare aluminum nanoparticles using perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ORGANIZED MOLECULAR ASSEMBLIES; NORMAL-ALKANOIC ACIDS; ADSORPTION; AL(111); COMBUSTION; SILVER; DECOMPOSITION; COPPER AB Surface passivation of unpassivated Al nanoparticles has been realized using self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Nanoscale Al particles were prepared in solution by catalytic decomposition of H3Al center dot NMe3 or H3Al center dot N(Me)Pyr by Ti((OPr)-Pr-i)(4) and coated in situ using a perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acid SAM. Because the Al particles are prepared using wet chemistry techniques and coated in solution, they are free of oxygen passivation. This SAM coating passivates the aluminum and appears to prevent the oxidation of the particles in air and renders the composite material, to some extent, soluble in polar organic solvents such as diethyl ether. Characterization data including scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of prepared materials are presented. C1 USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. Univ Maryland, CNER, UMPC, NIST,Co Lab NanoParticle Based Mfg & Metrol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jouet, RJ (reprint author), USN, Ctr Surface Warfare, Indian Head Div, Res & Technol Dept, 101 Strauss Ave, Indian Head, MD 20640 USA. EM jouetrj@ih.navy.mil RI Park, Kihong/F-8366-2011 NR 35 TC 116 Z9 121 U1 6 U2 51 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 17 IS 11 BP 2987 EP 2996 DI 10.1021/cm048264y PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 933TO UT WOS:000229656000028 ER PT J AU Yen, JY Lan, KJ Kramar, J AF Yen, JY Lan, KJ Kramar, J TI Active vibration isolation of a large stroke scanning probe microscope by using discrete sliding mode control SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article DE discrete sliding mode control; vibration isolation; scanning probe microscope ID TUNNELING MICROSCOPE; CONTROL-SYSTEMS; SENSITIVITY; CANTILEVERS AB Active vibration isolation is gaining increased attention in the ultra high precision applications to effectively treat the unavoidable ground vibration. The use of active vibration isolation is now being explored for the Molecular Measuring Machine (M-3) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to improve its imaging resolution. The M-3 system uses a Mallock suspension to establish a non-rotation constraint to the stage motion. The vibration isolation system has to work within the Mallock geometry. The system is also a six-input-six-output system; therefore, a clever design is needed to maximize the controller performance while limiting it to within the stability range. The control algorithm adopted uses discrete sliding mode control, taking advantage of its easy computer implementation and its robust high performance properties. The experimental results show that the controller is effective over the operating frequency band and is superior to the conventional lead-lag type controller. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yen, JY (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM jyen@ntu.edu.tw OI Yen, Jia-Yush/0000-0001-8795-9211 NR 21 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD MAY 31 PY 2005 VL 121 IS 1 BP 243 EP 250 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2005.02.035 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 933KM UT WOS:000229627300033 ER PT J AU Driemeier, C Bastos, KP Miotti, L Baumvol, IJR Nguyen, NV Sayan, S Krug, C AF Driemeier, C Bastos, KP Miotti, L Baumvol, IJR Nguyen, NV Sayan, S Krug, C TI Compositional stability of hafnium aluminates thin films deposited on Si by atomic layer deposition SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GATE DIELECTRICS; SI-SIO2 INTERFACE; SILICON; BACKSCATTERING; GROWTH; OXIDES AB We have used nuclear reaction analyses and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry to investigate quantitatively the compositional stability of hafnium aluminate thin films deposited on Si(001) by atomic layer deposition using HfCl4/H2O and Al(CH3)(3)/H2O precursors. It was found that increasing Al/Hf deposition cycles ratio leads to increasing oxygen deficiency in the as-deposited films as well as to increasing metal losses (up to similar to 15%) from the films after rapid thermal annealing at 1000 degrees C. Furthermore, isotopic substitution experiments, showed that incorporation of oxygen from the gas phase is eased in the cases where deposition conditions failed to supply enough oxygen to complete oxides stoichiometry. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Caxias Sul, CCET, BR-95070560 Caxias Do Sul, Brazil. Univ Fed Rio Grande Sul, BR-95070560 Caxias Do Sul, Brazil. UFRGS, Inst Fis, BR-91501970 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Chem, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Baumvol, IJR (reprint author), Univ Caxias Sul, CCET, BR-95070560 Caxias Do Sul, Brazil. EM israel@if.ufrgs.br RI Miotti, Leonardo/B-6476-2009; Driemeier, Carlos/C-9209-2012; Israel, Baumvol/G-3411-2013 OI Driemeier, Carlos/0000-0002-4794-3714; NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 30 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 22 AR 221911 DI 10.1063/1.1940130 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 932YG UT WOS:000229590100023 ER PT J AU Spiegelman, CH Lee, SJ Conny, JM Ruymgaart, FH AF Spiegelman, CH Lee, SJ Conny, JM Ruymgaart, FH TI Some aspects of multivariate calibration with incomplete designs SO CHEMOMETRICS AND INTELLIGENT LABORATORY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE classical and inverse calibrations AB There has been some debate whether inverse or classical calibration methods are superior when there are multivariate predictors and some of them are missing. In this paper, we compare these two methods in the case where the design is not completely known. We develop some general results in the multivariate case and carry out extensive simulations in a univariate model with partly known regressors and several error distributions. These simulations reveal that the methods perform differently, depending on the specifics of the model. Neither method, however, turns out to be consistently superior to the other. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, Lab Stat Sci Chem & Environm Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Internal Med, Div Epidemiol, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Texas Tech Univ, Dept Math & Stat, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. RP Spiegelman, CH (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, Lab Stat Sci Chem & Environm Chem, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM Chemometrics@aol.com NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-7439 J9 CHEMOMETR INTELL LAB JI Chemometrics Intell. Lab. Syst. PD MAY 28 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 1-2 BP 161 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.chemolab.2004.10.007 PG 12 WC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry, Analytical; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Automation & Control Systems; Chemistry; Computer Science; Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics GA 936JM UT WOS:000229851300018 ER PT J AU McFerran, JJ Ivanov, EN Bartels, A Wilpers, G Oates, CW Diddams, SA Hollberg, L AF McFerran, JJ Ivanov, EN Bartels, A Wilpers, G Oates, CW Diddams, SA Hollberg, L TI Low-noise synthesis of microwave signals from an optical source SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SAPPHIRE FEMTOSECOND OSCILLATOR; BROAD-BAND CONTINUUM; FREQUENCY STABILITY AB The low-noise synthesis of a harmonic comb of microwave frequencies using a 1 GHz femtosecond-laser-based synthesiser that is referenced to a cavity-stabilised laser is demonstrated. The residual phase noise is similar to-110 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz offset from the 10 GHz harmonic. Phase noise is measured with an interferometric measurement system having low sensitivity to AM. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP McFerran, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway,MS 847-10, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; McFerran, John/B-7445-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 OI McFerran, John/0000-0002-8662-0467; NR 9 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 10 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 EI 1350-911X J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 41 IS 11 BP 650 EP 651 DI 10.1049/el:20050505 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 934ZO UT WOS:000229748400019 ER PT J AU Gurney, KR Chen, YH Maki, T Kawa, SR Andrews, A Zhu, ZX AF Gurney, KR Chen, YH Maki, T Kawa, SR Andrews, A Zhu, ZX TI Sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 inversions to seasonal and interannual variations in fossil fuel emissions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; DELTA-C-13; MODELS; SINKS; CYCLE; LAND AB [1] Estimates of fossil fuel CO2 are a critical component in atmospheric CO2 inversions. Rather than solving for this portion of the atmospheric CO2 budget, inversions typically include estimates of fossil fuel CO2 as a known quantity. However, this assumption may not be appropriate, particularly as inversions continue to solve for fluxes at reduced space and timescales. In this study, two different alterations are made to widely used fossil fuel CO2 emissions estimates, and these altered emissions are run through a series of atmospheric inversion experiments. The first alteration is the inclusion of a seasonal cycle which depends upon both season and latitude. The other alteration is the inclusion of year-by-year changes in the spatial distribution of fossil fuel CO2 emissions. All but the interannual inversion experiments are run with three models from the TransCom 3 atmospheric inversion intercomparison. These three models span the key components of atmospheric transport and hence can be expected to capture the range of potential bias caused by assumed fossil fuel CO2 emission estimates when interacting with transport processes. Key findings include the lack of seasonal rectification of the seasonally varying fossil fuel CO2 emissions in the annual mean. Examination of monthly fluxes in the seasonal inversion, however, indicates that significant bias is likely occurring and may be as large as 50% of the residual flux during certain times of the year. In this study, interannual variations were little effected by shifts in the spatial pattern of fossil fuel CO2 emissions. However, as the spatial scale of inversions is reduced, potential bias will likely increase. C1 Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Japan Meteorol Agcy, Observat Dept, Div Atmospher Environm, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Gurney, KR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1371 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM keving@atoms.colostate.edu RI Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012 NR 33 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D10 AR D10308 DI 10.1029/2004JD005373 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 935IT UT WOS:000229775200003 ER PT J AU Sun, GY Nicklaus, MC Xie, RH AF Sun, GY Nicklaus, MC Xie, RH TI Structure, stability, and NMR properties of lower fullerenes C-38-C-50 and azafullerene C44N6 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; IPR ISOMERS; CHEMICAL-SHIFTS; MAJOR ISOMERS; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; ARC-DISCHARGE; MINOR ISOMERS; SPECTRA; C-60 AB A systematic survey of the complete set of isomers of fullerenes C-38, C-40, C-42, C-44, C-46, C-48, C-50 and azafullerene C44N6 is reported. All isomeric structures were optimized using first-principle density functional theory at the B3LYP/6-31G* level. The isomeric structures with the lowest energies are C-38:17, C-40:38, C-42:45, C-44:75, C-44:89, C-46:109, C-48:171, and C-50:270. The ground-state structure of the azafullerene C44N6 in the framework Of C-50:270 has D-3 symmetry. The C-13 NMR chemical shifts and nucleus-independent chemical shifts (NICS) for the stable isomers of each fullerene are presented. C1 NCI, Med Chem Lab, CCR, DHHS,NIH, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP NCI, Med Chem Lab, CCR, DHHS,NIH, 376 Boyles St, Ft Detrick, MD 21702 USA. EM mn1@helix.nih.gov RI Nicklaus, Marc/N-4183-2014; OI Nicklaus, Marc/0000-0002-4775-7030 NR 50 TC 37 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 20 BP 4617 EP 4622 DI 10.1021/jp0450181 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 928UC UT WOS:000229296200026 PM 16833800 ER PT J AU Cabral, JT Douglas, JF AF Cabral, JT Douglas, JF TI Propagating waves of network formation induced by light SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE frontal photopolymerization; field theory model; optical attenuation ID THIOL-ENE PHOTOPOLYMERIZATION; FRONTAL POLYMERIZATION; OPTICAL ATTENUATION; KINETICS; PHOTOINITIATION; NONUNIFORMITY; MECHANISM; SYSTEMS AB The exposure of a photopolymerizable liquid (e.g., multifunctional thiol-ene) to ultraviolet radiation often leads to a propagating wavefront of network formation that invades the unpolymerized material from the illuminated surface of the photosensitive material. We theoretically describe this light-driven frontal photo-polymerization (FPP) process, which is the basis of many commercially important fabrication methods, in terms of an order parameter φ(x,t) characterizing the extent of monomer-to-polymer conversion, the temporally and spatially evolving optical attenuation μ(x,t) of the medium, and the height h(t) of the resulting solidified material. The non-trivial aspects of this frontal polymerization process derive from the coupling of A(x,t) and the growing non-uniform network φ(x,t) and we consider limiting situations in which the optical attenuation increases ('photodarkening') or decreases ('photobleaching') in time to illustrate the general nature of FPP front propagation and the essential variables on which it depends. Since FPP fabrication of complex three-dimensional structures containing components having different material characteristics would greatly extend the practical utility of this method, we explore the influence of nanoparticle (silica, titania, and multi-wall carbon nanotube) additives on FPP front propagation. We also characterize the influence of temperature on the kinetics of FPP since this factor can often be controlled in practice. The experiments elucidate basic physical aspects of FPP and are well described by our model with a sensible variation of relevant physical parameters (optical attenuation and chemical rate constant) governing frontal growth. Our results are of interest both from the standpoints of complex structure fabrication and for understanding the fundamental nature of the FPP process. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cabral, JT (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joao.cabral@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov RI Cabral, Joao T./E-6534-2015 OI Cabral, Joao T./0000-0002-2590-225X NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD MAY 26 PY 2005 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4230 EP 4241 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2005.02.052 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 933BH UT WOS:000229598400029 ER PT J AU Donald, CE Qureshi, F Burns, MJ Holden, MJ Blasic, JR Woolford, AJ AF Donald, CE Qureshi, F Burns, MJ Holden, MJ Blasic, JR Woolford, AJ TI An inter-platform repeatability study investigating real-time amplification of plasmid DNA SO BMC BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; QUANTITATIVE PCR; GENE-EXPRESSION; STANDARD CURVES; QUANTIFICATION; VALIDATION; TAQMAN; SYSTEM; CANCER; VIRUS AB Background: The wide variety of real-time amplification platforms currently available has determined that standardisation of DNA measurements is a fundamental aspect involved in the comparability of results. Statistical analysis of the data arising from three different real-time platforms was conducted in order to assess inter-platform repeatability. On three consecutive days two PCR reaction mixes were used on each of the three amplification platforms - the LightCycler(R), ABI PRISM(R) 7700 and Rotor Gene 3000(TM). Real-time PCR amplification using a fluorogenic 5' exonuclease assay was performed in triplicate on negative controls and DNA plasmid dilutions of 108 - 102 copies to give a total of 24 reactions per PCR experiment. Results: The results of the statistical analyses indicated that the platform with the most precise repeatability was the ABI PRISM(R) 7700 when coupled with the FastStart PCR reaction mix. It was also found that there was no obvious relationship between plasmid copy number and repeatability. An ANOVA approach identified the factors that significantly affected the results, in descending order of magnitude, as: plasmid copy number, platform, PCR reaction mix and day ( on which the experiment was performed). Conclusion: In order to deliver useful, informative genetic tests, standardisation of real-time PCR detection platforms to provide repeatable, reliable results is warranted. In addition, a better understanding of inter-assay and intra-assay repeatability is required. C1 Biomol Innovat Team LGC Ltd, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. NIST, Bioproc Measurement Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Donald, CE (reprint author), Biomol Innovat Team LGC Ltd, Queens Rd, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. EM carol.donald@lgc.co.uk; carol.donald@lgc.co.uk; malcolm.burns@lgc.co.uk; marcia.holden@nist.gov; joseph.blasic@nist.gov; alison.woolford@lgc.co.uk NR 28 TC 14 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1472-6750 J9 BMC BIOTECHNOL JI BMC Biotechnol. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 5 AR 15 DI 10.1186/1472-6750-5-15 PG 10 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 942WY UT WOS:000230314800001 PM 15916714 ER PT J AU Dery, SJ Wood, EF AF Dery, SJ Wood, EF TI Decreasing river discharge in northern Canada SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GEOPOTENTIAL HEIGHT; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; TRENDS; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; WATER AB Freshwater discharge to high-latitude oceans in 64 Canadian rivers is investigated. The mean annual discharge rate attains 1252 km(3) yr(-1) for an area of 5.6 x 10(6) km(2), equating to a sink of 225 mm yr(-1) in the surface water budget of northern Canada (excluding the Arctic Archipelago where insufficient data exist). Application of the Mann-Kendall test to the data reveals a 10% decrease (-125 km(3) yr(-1) or -22 mm yr(-1)) in the total annual river discharge to the Arctic and North Atlantic Oceans from 1964 to 2003. This trend in river runoff is consistent with a 21 mm yr(-1) decline in observed precipitation over northern Canada between 1964 and 2000. We find evidence of statistically-significant links between the Arctic Oscillation, El Nino/ Southern Oscillation, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation to the total annual freshwater discharge in northern Canada's rivers at interannual- to-decadal timescales. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Dery, SJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM sdery@princeton.edu OI Wood, Eric/0000-0001-7037-9675 NR 21 TC 146 Z9 146 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 AR L10401 DI 10.1029/2005GL022845 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 935IN UT WOS:000229774600002 ER PT J AU Gordon, ND Norris, JR Weaver, CP Klein, SA AF Gordon, ND Norris, JR Weaver, CP Klein, SA TI Cluster analysis of cloud regimes and characteristic dynamics of midlatitude synoptic systems in observations and a model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; ATMOSPHERIC MODEL; FRONTAL CLOUDS; ECMWF MODEL; SCHEME; ISCCP AB [1] Global climate models typically do not correctly simulate cloudiness associated with midlatitude synoptic systems because coarse grid spacing prevents them from resolving dynamics occurring at smaller scales and there exist no adequate parameterizations for the effects of these subgrid-scale dynamics. Comparison of modeled and observed cloud properties averaged over similar regimes ( e. g., compositing) aids the diagnosis of simulation errors and identification of meteorological forcing responsible for producing particular cloud conditions. This study uses a k-means clustering algorithm to objectively classify satellite cloud scenes into distinct regimes based on grid box mean cloud fraction, cloud reflectivity, and cloud top pressure. The spatial domain is the densely instrumented southern Great Plains site of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program, and the time period is the cool season months ( November - March) of 1999 - 2001. As a complement to the satellite retrievals of cloud properties, lidar and cloud radar data are analyzed to examine the vertical structure of the cloud layers. Meteorological data from the constraint variational analysis is averaged for each cluster to provide insight on the large-scale dynamics and advective tendencies coincident with specific cloud types. Meteorological conditions associated with high and low subgrid spatial variability are also investigated for each cluster. Cloud outputs from a single-column model version of the GFDL AM2 atmospheric model forced with meteorological boundary conditions derived from observations and a numerical weather prediction model were compared to observations for each cluster in order to determine the accuracy with which the model reproduces attributes of specific cloud regimes. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Environm Predict, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Gordon, ND (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM ndgordon@ucsd.edu RI Norris, Joel/A-9785-2008; Gordon, Neil/G-4268-2011; Weaver, Christopher/G-3714-2010; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Norris, Joel/0000-0003-4384-0977; Weaver, Christopher/0000-0003-4016-5451; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X NR 34 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 5 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 25 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D15 AR D15S17 DI 10.1029/2004JD005027 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 935IV UT WOS:000229775400001 ER PT J AU Hollinger, SE Bernacchi, CJ Meyers, TP AF Hollinger, SE Bernacchi, CJ Meyers, TP TI Carbon budget of mature no-till ecosystem in North Central Region of the United States SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Eddy covariance; NEE maize; soybean; carbon budget ID SURFACE-ENERGY BALANCE; DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE-CHANGE; TERRESTRIAL; SEQUESTRATION; AGRICULTURE; EUROPE; MAIZE; SOILS AB Continuous measurements of carbon flux from 1997 to 2002 by eddy-covariance were used to evaluate the carbon budget for a maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) rotation agricultural ecosystem that has been in no-till cultivation for over 14 years. These measurements were used to determine the net ecosystem exchange of carbon (NEE) at the local scale and for the North Central Region of the U.S. (NCR). Results show that at the local scale, the no-till ecosystem is a carbon sink when planted with maize (576 g C m(-2) per year) and soybean (33 g C m(-2) per year). On a regional scale, the carbon sink is proportionally lower than that of the local scale. This is attributed to regional consumption of the grain (over 85% of all NCR grain is consumed elsewhere in the world) combined with the carbon emissions associated with agricultural practices. Since nearly 100% of both maize and soybean yields are consumed annually, e.g. all carbon stored in grain is consumed somewhere in the world, the long-term carbon-sequestration potential of this system is lower than revealed with the local and regional analysis. Accounting for 100% grain consumption, maize still acts as a C-sink of 184 g C m(-2) per year while soybean becomes a C-source of 94 g C m(-2) per year. As these two crops are grown in rotation, the system when accounting for all emissions to the atmosphere is a net sink of 90 g C m(-2) per year. Overall, however, the potential exists for long-term carbon sequestration. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. NOAA, ARL, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. RP Hollinger, SE (reprint author), Illinois State Water Survey, 204 Griffith Dr, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. EM hollingr@uiuc.edu; bernacch@uiuc.edu; tilden.meyers@noaa.gov RI Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016; OI Bernacchi, Carl/0000-0002-2397-425X NR 29 TC 120 Z9 135 U1 3 U2 43 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD MAY 24 PY 2005 VL 130 IS 1-2 BP 59 EP 69 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2005.01.005 PG 11 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938RG UT WOS:000230020000005 ER PT J AU Predoi-Cross, A Baranov, YI AF Predoi-Cross, A Baranov, YI TI Lineshape modeling of inter-branch intensity transfer in the 20(0)0 <- 01(1)0, 11(1)0 <- 00(0)0 and 12(2)0 <- 01(1)0 Q-branches of carbon dioxide SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; lineshapes; line mixing ID 20 MU-M; TUNABLE-DIODE-LASER; INFRARED Q BRANCHES; WING REGIONS; EMISSION-SPECTRA; SCALING ANALYSIS; CO2IR BANDS; ABSORPTION; HE; DATABASE AB An adjustable band shape calculation model based on the strong collision approximation with inter-branch coupling has been applied to predict line mixing in the 20(0)0&LARR; 01(1)0, 12(2)0&LARR; 01(1)0 and in the 11(1)0&LARR; 00(0)0 Q-branches of carbon dioxide. In this approach, the band shape is calculated using an adjustable parameter to account for line mixing effects, in addition to the usual set of spectral parameters used to describe the band shape. The good quality of the model is proven by comparisons with experimental spectra recorded at room temperature over a wide pressure range (1-21 atm). All spectra were recorded using a Fourier transform spectrometer and 25 cm long temperature controlled cell. The values obtained for the adjustable parameter for the three Q-branches are discussed. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Predoi-Cross, A (reprint author), Univ Lethbridge, Dept Phys, 4401 Univ Dr, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. EM adriana.predoicross@uleth.ca NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-2860 J9 J MOL STRUCT JI J. Mol. Struct. PD MAY 24 PY 2005 VL 742 IS 1-3 BP 77 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.molstruc.2005.01.003 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 932AT UT WOS:000229527300009 ER PT J AU Bender, PL AF Bender, PL TI Wavefront distortion and beam pointing for LISA SO CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM GRAVITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International LISA Symposium/38th ESLAB Symposium CY JUL 12-15, 2004 CL European Space & Technol Ctr, ESA, Noordwijk, NETHERLANDS HO European Space & Technol Ctr, ESA AB The dc pointing directions for the LISA laser beams will be chosen to minimize the sensitivity of the measured arm lengths to jitter in the beam pointing. The earliest studies of the effects of wavefront distortion included only astigmatism and defocus, so that the desired dc beam pointing directions were on the axis for the transmitting telescopes. But, if other aberrations cause the dc pointing directions to be considerably off axis, some of the laser beam intensity will be lost. A brief study of this effect has been carried out. As examples, several cases with defocus, spherical aberration, and two components each of astigmatism and coma have been investigated. Within this class of models, pure astigmatism turned out to give the maximum sensitivity to beam pointing jitter, for a given rms wavefront distortion. Although further study is needed, it appears that the usually quoted requirements of 3 x 10(-8) rad for the dc beam pointing offsets and 8 x 10(-9) rad Hz (-1/2) for the pointing jitter are probably reasonable choices. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bender, PL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 5 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0264-9381 J9 CLASSICAL QUANT GRAV JI Class. Quantum Gravity PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 22 IS 10 SI SI BP S339 EP S346 DI 10.1088/0264-9381/22/10/027 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 941QU UT WOS:000230230100028 ER PT J AU Hanke, M Kessler, EG AF Hanke, M Kessler, EG TI Precise lattice parameter comparison of highly perfect silicon crystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Biennial Conference on High Resolution X-Ray Diffraction and Imaging CY SEP 07-10, 2004 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP Czech Crystallog Assoc, Slovak Crystallog Assoc, Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Masaryk Univ, Charles Univ ID AVOGADRO CONSTANT AB As a part of the International Avogadro Project we have utilized a state-of-the-art lattice comparator at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to measure relative lattice parameter differences that are of the order of 10(-8). Samples have been prepared from NRLM3, NRLM4, WASO04 and WASO17 material, which are of great importance in terms of a precise determination of the silicon d(220) lattice parameter. The experimental set-up at NIST consists of a two-source, two-crystal Laue x-ray diffractometer. It uses a heterodyne interferometer to control the position of the first crystal with an uncertainty of 2 x 10(-9) rad. From a least-squares fit we estimate the measurement uncertainty for a relative lattice parameter comparison at about 3 x 10(-9). The measured lattice parameter variation across each individual sample indicates that the lattice uniformity of a particular specimen has to be carefully considered in view of comparing similar, though physically different, samples made out of the same material. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hanke, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD MAY 21 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 10A SI SI BP A117 EP A120 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/38/10A/022 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 941VY UT WOS:000230243500023 ER PT J AU Bernhard, G Evans, RD Labow, GJ Oltmans, SJ AF Bernhard, G Evans, RD Labow, GJ Oltmans, SJ TI Bias in Dobson total ozone measurements at high latitudes due to approximations in calculations of ozone absorption coefficients and air mass SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SECTIONS; SPECTROPHOTOMETERS; ULTRAVIOLET; BREWER; VALIDATION; IRRADIANCE; RADIATION; NETWORK; RANGE; O-3 AB [ 1] The Dobson spectrophotometer is the primary standard instrument for ground-based measurements of total column ozone. The accuracy of its data depends on the knowledge of ozone absorption coefficients used for data reduction. We document an error in the calculations that led to the set of absorption coefficients currently recommended by the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO). This error has little effect because an empirical adjustment was applied to the original calculations before the coefficients were adopted by WMO. We provide evidence that this adjustment was physically sound. The coefficients recommended by WMO are applied in the Dobson network without correction for the temperature dependence of the ozone absorption cross sections. On the basis of data measured by Dobson numbers 80 and 82, which were operated by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory at the South Pole, we find that omission of temperature corrections may lead to systematic errors in Dobson ozone data of up to 4%. The standard Dobson ozone retrieval method further assumes that the ozone layer is located at a fixed height. This approximation leads to errors in air mass calculations, which are particularly relevant at high latitudes where ozone measurements are performed at large solar zenith angles (SZA). At the South Pole, systematic errors caused by this approximation may exceed 2% for SZAs larger than 80 degrees. The bias is largest when the vertical ozone distribution is distorted by the "ozone hole'' and may lead to underestimation of total ozone by 4% at SZA = 85 degrees ( air mass 9). Dobson measurements at the South Pole were compared with ozone data from a collocated SUV-100 UV spectroradiometer and Version 8 overpass data from NASA's Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer ( TOMS). Uncorrected Dobson ozone values tend to be lower than data from the two other instruments when total ozone is below 170 Dobson units or SZAs are larger than 80 degrees. When Dobson measurements are corrected for the temperature dependence of the ozone absorption cross section and accurate air mass calculations are implemented, data from the three instruments agree with each other to within +/- 2% on average and show no significant dependence on SZA or total ozone. C1 Biospher Inc, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Bernhard, G (reprint author), Biospher Inc, 5340 Riley St, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. EM bernhard@biospherical.com; robert.d.evans@noaa.gov; labow@qhearts.gsfc.nasa.gov; samuel.j.oltmans@noaa.gov RI Evans, Robert/D-4731-2016 OI Evans, Robert/0000-0002-8693-9769 NR 37 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D10 AR D10305 DI 10.1029/2004JD005559 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 932WM UT WOS:000229585200007 ER PT J AU Chen, G Huey, LG Trainer, M Nicks, D Corbett, J Ryerson, T Parrish, D Neuman, JA Nowak, J Tanner, D Holloway, J Brock, C Crawford, J Olson, JR Sullivan, A Weber, R Schauffler, S Donnelly, S Atlas, E Roberts, J Flocke, F Hubler, G Fehsenfeld, F AF Chen, G Huey, LG Trainer, M Nicks, D Corbett, J Ryerson, T Parrish, D Neuman, JA Nowak, J Tanner, D Holloway, J Brock, C Crawford, J Olson, JR Sullivan, A Weber, R Schauffler, S Donnelly, S Atlas, E Roberts, J Flocke, F Hubler, G Fehsenfeld, F TI An investigation of the chemistry of ship emission plumes during ITCT 2002 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PEM-TROPICS-A; AEROSOL CHARACTERIZATION; CHEMICAL EVOLUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PARTICLE-SIZE; SOUTH-PACIFIC; TRACE GASES; DISTRIBUTIONS; CLOUDS AB [1] A ship emission plume experiment was conducted about 100 km off the California coast during the NOAA Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation (ITCT) 2K2 airborne field campaign. Measurements of chemical species were made from the NOAA WP-3D aircraft in eight consecutive transects of a ship plume around midday during 2.5 hours of flight. The measured species include NOx, HNO3, peroxyacetylnitrate (PAN), SO2, H2SO4, O-3, CO, CO2, nonmethane hydrocarbons (NMHC), and particle number and size distributions. Observations demonstrate a NOx lifetime of similar to 1.8 hours inside the ship plume compared to similar to 6.5 hours ( at noontime) in the moderately polluted background marine boundary layer of the experiment. This confirms the earlier hypothesis of highly enhanced in-plume NOx destruction. Consequently, one would expect the impact of ship emissions is much less severe than those predicted by global models that do not include rapid NOx destruction. Photochemical model calculations suggest that more than 80% of the NOx loss was due to the NO2 + OH reaction; the remainder was by PAN formation. The model underestimated in-plume NOx loss rate by about 30%. In addition, a comparison of measured to predicted H2SO4 in the plumes suggests that the photochemical model predicts OH variability reasonably well but may underestimate actual values. Predictions of in-plume O-3 production agree well with the observations, suggesting that model-predicted peroxy radical (HO2 + RO2) levels are reasonable. The model estimated ozone production efficiency ranges from 6 to 30. The largest model bias was seen in the comparison with measured HNO3. The model overestimated in-plume HNO3 by about a factor of 6. This is most likely caused by underestimated HNO3 sinks possibly involving particle scavenging. However, limited data availability precluded a conclusive test of this possible loss process. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 401B, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM g.chen@larc.nasa.gov RI Nowak, John/B-1085-2008; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Corbett, James/B-3321-2009; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 OI Nowak, John/0000-0002-5697-9807; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; Corbett, James/0000-0002-2588-3474; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; NR 70 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D10 AR D10S90 DI 10.1029/2004JD005236 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 932WM UT WOS:000229585200003 ER PT J AU Ciezak, JA Trevino, SF AF Ciezak, JA Trevino, SF TI The molecular structure and inelastic neutron scattering spectra of 2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR STRUCTURE-THEOCHEM LA English DT Article DE vibrational frequencies; inelastic neutron scattering; normal modes; ANPZ; 2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; 1,3,5-TRIAMINO-2,4,6-TRINITROBENZENE; ENERGY; APPROXIMATION AB Using solid-state density functional theory (DFT) and inelastic neutron scattering (INS), we have studied the structural and vibrational properties of the energetic material, 2,6-Diamino-3,5-dinitropyrazine (ANPZ). The molecular geometry and vibrational spectra are compared to those obtained from DMol3 calculations using the BLYP and BP functionals with the dnd numerical basis set (BLYP/dnd and BP/dnd). In most cases, good agreement was found between the calculated and experimental molecular geometries and vibrational frequencies. In particular, we find the BLYP/dnd method to be slightly superior to the BP/dnd approach for molecular vibrations. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ciezak, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. EM jciezak@arl.army.mil NR 16 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-1280 J9 J MOL STRUC-THEOCHEM JI Theochem-J. Mol. Struct. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 723 IS 1-3 BP 241 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.theochem.2005.02.015 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 932PQ UT WOS:000229566200034 ER PT J AU Jones, RJ Moll, KD Thorpe, MJ Ye, J AF Jones, RJ Moll, KD Thorpe, MJ Ye, J TI Phase-coherent frequency combs in the vacuum ultraviolet via high-harmonic generation inside a femtosecond enhancement cavity SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PASSIVE OPTICAL CAVITY; SOFT X-RAYS; PULSE AMPLIFICATION; REPETITION-RATE; METROLOGY; LASER; STABILIZATION; SPECTROSCOPY; IONIZATION; DYNAMICS AB We demonstrate the generation of phase-coherent frequency combs in the vacuum utraviolet spectral region. The output from a mode-locked laser is stabilized to a femtosecond enhancement cavity with a gas jet at the intracavity focus. The resulting high-peak power of the intracavity pulse enables efficient high-harmonic generation by utilizing the full repetition rate of the laser. Optical-heterodyne-based measurements reveal that the coherent frequency comb structure of the original laser is fully preserved in the high-harmonic generation process. These results open the door for precision frequency metrology at extreme ultraviolet wavelengths and permit the efficient generation of phase-coherent high-order harmonics using only a standard laser oscillator without active amplification of single pulses. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jones, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rjjones@jilau1.colorado.edu; Ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 32 TC 277 Z9 281 U1 6 U2 48 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 20 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 19 AR 193201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.193201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 928MX UT WOS:000229277000018 PM 16090171 ER PT J AU Fan, SM Moxim, WJ Levy, H AF Fan, SM Moxim, WJ Levy, H TI Implications of droplet nucleation to mineral dust aerosol deposition and transport SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLES; SULFATE; IMPACT AB Calculations from a microphysics model are shown which indicate the factors that control droplet nucleation scavenging of hydrophilic mineral dust particles over a large range of conditions including the size, chemical composition, and number density of particles in both cumulus and stratus clouds. We focus specifically on the activation threshold radius (ATR) for droplet nucleation which determines the particles that are activated and those available for further transport and subsequent iron deposition to the remote ocean. Results suggest: the ATR is typically found in the range of clay-sized particles ( radius =.1 to 1. μ m), a spectrum over which the amount of dust removed declines &SIM; 60% both in surface area and particle number; nucleation of silt-sized particles ( 1.-10. μ m) occurs under most conditions; larger fractions of mineral aerosols are removed in cumulus clouds than in stratus; and while acid coating of dust particles in polluted environments acts to decrease the ATR, the effect is reduced by competition with soluble aerosols. Regional mineral dust environments exhibit potentially diverse aerosol wet removal impacts. The ATR representative of the tropical Atlantic ocean basin (<. 2 μ m) indicates &SIM; 80% removal of the total dust surface area, while in the pristine southern hemisphere mid latitudes an ATR &SIM;. 5 μ m implies &SIM; 60%. In contrast, varying conditions in the polluted region of East Asia suggest a large ATR spectrum (. 2 to 3. μ m) with dust surface area removal ranging from > 80% to < 10%. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Fan, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM songmiao.fan@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 19 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 AR L10805 DI 10.1029/2005GL022833 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 932WG UT WOS:000229584600005 ER PT J AU Meseck, SL Alix, JH Wikfors, GH AF Meseck, SL Alix, JH Wikfors, GH TI Photoperiod and light intensity effects on growth and utilization of nutrients by the aquaculture feed microalga, Tetraselmis chui (PLY429) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Tetraselmis chui; nitrate uptake; phosphate uptake; division rates; photoperiod; light intensities ID PHOSPHATE-UPTAKE; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; NITROGEN UPTAKE; NITRATE UPTAKE; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; DITYLUM BRIGHTWELLII; UPTAKE RATES; DARK CYCLES; PHOSPHORUS; AMMONIUM AB Light intensity, day length, and nutrient concentrations are important factors regulating the growth of phytoplankton. To reduce culturing costs, natural sunlight and greenhouses can be used to minimize the amount of artificial light needed for algal growth. However, with natural sunlight there is much more variation in the light intensity and the day length than what would be found in a controlled laboratory environment. This study investigated how different light intensities and day lengths affect the growth and nutrient uptake of Tetraselmis chui (strain PLY429)-an algal strain used widely as an aquaculture feed. PLY429 was grown aseptically for 28 days under three different light intensities (220, 110, and 73 mu Einst. m(-2) s(-1)) and four different light:dark cycles (24:0, 16:8; 12:12; 8:16). Growth and net nutrient-uptake rates for PLY429 were calculated for each treatment. Longer day length and higher light intensities resulted in higher biomass production and complete utilization of nitrate and phosphate in less time, as compared with shorter days and lower intensities. PLY429 cultures that were exposed to only 8 h of light had the slowest growth and utilization of nutrients. These findings suggest that day length is important in determining growth and nutrient uptake in PLY429; at a latitude of 41 degrees N, artificial light will need to be added to algal cultures in a greenhouse to increase both day length and total daily light input. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Meseck, SL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM Shannon.Meseck@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 25 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD MAY 18 PY 2005 VL 246 IS 1-4 BP 393 EP 404 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.02.034 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 927PJ UT WOS:000229205700035 ER PT J AU Boccaletti, G Ferrari, R Adcroft, A Ferreira, D Marshall, J AF Boccaletti, G Ferrari, R Adcroft, A Ferreira, D Marshall, J TI The vertical structure of ocean heat transport SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION; MODEL; ATLANTIC AB One of the most important contributions the ocean makes to Earth's climate is through its poleward heat transport: about 1.5 PW or more than 30% of that accomplished by the ocean-atmosphere system (Trenberth and Caron, 2001). Recently, concern has arisen over whether global warming could affect this heat transport ( Watson et al., 2001), for example, reducing high latitude convection and triggering a collapse of the deep overturning circulation (Rahmstorf, 1995). While the consequences of abrupt changes in oceanic circulation should be of concern, we argue that the attention devoted to deep circulations is disproportionate to their role in heat transport. For this purpose, we introduce a heat function which identifies the contribution to the heat transport by different components of the oceanic circulation. A new view of the ocean emerges in which a shallow surface intensified circulation dominates the poleward heat transport. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Boccaletti, G (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM gbocca@mit.edu RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010; Ferrari, Raffaele/C-9337-2013; OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017; Ferrari, Raffaele/0000-0002-3736-1956; Ferreira, David/0000-0003-3243-9774 NR 18 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 17 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 10 AR L10603 DI 10.1029/2005GL022474 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 932WE UT WOS:000229584400004 ER PT J AU Gao, ST Cui, XP Zhou, YS Li, XF AF Gao, ST Cui, XP Zhou, YS Li, XF TI Surface rainfall processes as simulated in a cloud-resolving model SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; THERMODYNAMIC FOUNDATION; CUMULUS CONVECTION; MOIST ATMOSPHERE; PHASE-III; HEAT; SYSTEMS; BUDGETS; GATE AB [ 1] Surface rain rate can be simply formulated with the sum of moisture and cloud sources/sinks. In this study the moisture sink comprises the local moisture change, moisture convergence ( with an imposed vertical velocity), and surface evaporation, whereas the cloud source/sink comprises the local hydrometeor change since the cyclic boundary condition leads to zero hydrometeor convergence. The sources/sinks and their contributions to the surface rain rate are examined based on hourly zonal mean simulation data from a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model. The model is forced by the large-scale vertical velocity, zonal wind, and horizontal advections obtained from Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment ( TOGA COARE). Although variation in the moisture sink largely accounts for much of the variation in the surface rain rate, the cloud source/sink may modify the surface rain rate significantly. The magnitude of the cloud source/sink increases when the zonal mean surface rain rate increases from 0 to 1 mm h(-1), and it decreases when the rain rate increases from 1 to 2 mm h(-1). The cloud source/sink is further analyzed by breaking it into ice and water hydrometeors. The ice hydrometeors may account for more contributions to the cloud variations than the water hydrometeors, and their growth may lead the surface rain rate by 1 - 2 hours. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Gao, ST (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM gst@lasg.iap.ac.cn; xpcui@mail.iap.ac.cn; zys@mail.iap.ac.cn; xiaofan.li@noaa.gov RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 NR 24 TC 67 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 17 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D10 AR D10202 DI 10.1029/2004JD005467 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 932WK UT WOS:000229585000004 ER PT J AU Silverstein, MS Shach-Caplan, M Bauer, BJ Hedden, RC Lee, HJ Landes, BG AF Silverstein, MS Shach-Caplan, M Bauer, BJ Hedden, RC Lee, HJ Landes, BG TI Nanopore formation in a polyphenylene low-k dielectric SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PORE-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; PERCUS-YEVICK FLUID; X-RAY REFLECTIVITY; THIN-FILMS; STRUCTURAL-CHARACTERIZATION; ELLIPSOMETRIC POROSIMETRY; POROSITY; MICROELECTRONICS; COPOLYMERS AB Nanometer-scale porosity is being introduced into low-k dielectrics in an attempt to achieve inter-level metal insulators with permittivities less than 2.0. It has proven extremely difficult to describe pore formation and to characterize the porous structure. This work investigates pore formation in a polyphenylene low-k dielectric based on pyrolysis of a porogen (27 vol %) in a polyphenylene matrix. One unique aspect presented here is the characterization of the nanoscale structure at various stages of pore formation through the use of a deuterated porogen. The combination of X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and smallangle neutron scattering (SANS) is found to be a powerful technique for describing porogen degradation and pore formation in nanoporous materials. The average radius of the porogen domains was approximately 60 &ANGS; with a relatively broad size distribution. During degradation the smaller porogen domains collapse, while the larger domains yield stable pores. This collapse of the relatively large number of smaller domains results in a significant reduction in film thickness, a porosity that is significantly smaller than the porogen content, a pore size distribution that is narrower than the porogen domain size distribution, and an average pore size of approximately 80 &ANGS;. C1 Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Dow Chem Co USA, Midland, MI 48674 USA. RP Silverstein, MS (reprint author), Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM michaels@tx.technion.ac.il RI Hedden, Ronald/M-3909-2014 OI Hedden, Ronald/0000-0003-3571-1403 NR 41 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 17 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 10 BP 4301 EP 4310 DI 10.1021/ma047353t PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 926DS UT WOS:000229103700037 ER PT J AU Schneider, ML Kos, AB Silva, TJ AF Schneider, ML Kos, AB Silva, TJ TI Dynamic anisotropy of thin Permalloy films measured by use of angle-resolved pulsed inductive microwave magnetometry SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY; MAGNETIZATION AB In this study, angle-resolved pulsed inductive microwave magnetometry is used to investigate the symmetry of the dynamic anisotropy of thin Permalloy films. We measured the dynamic anisotropy field as a function of angle between the easy axis and the applied bias field. We found that, in addition to the expected uniaxial anisotropy, there is a rotatable component of anisotropy. This component of the anisotropy is present only during the dynamics measurements and is attributed to surface effects in the thin films. However, the native oxide layer is not the cause of the rotatable anisotropy components in these films. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schneider, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM michael.schneider@boulder.nist.gov RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 16 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 20 AR 202503 DI 10.1063/1.1923193 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 930EG UT WOS:000229398000057 ER PT J AU Sander, LC Sharpless, KE Satterfield, MB Ihara, T Phinney, KW Yen, JH Wise, SA Gay, ML Lam, JW McCooeye, M Gardner, G Fraser, C Sturgeon, R Roman, M AF Sander, LC Sharpless, KE Satterfield, MB Ihara, T Phinney, KW Yen, JH Wise, SA Gay, ML Lam, JW McCooeye, M Gardner, G Fraser, C Sturgeon, R Roman, M TI Determination of ephedrine alkaloids in dietary supplement standard reference materials SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BOTANICALS; PRODUCTS; HUANG AB A suite of five ephedra-containing dietary supplement Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with certified values for ephedrine alkaloids, synephrine, caffeine, and selected toxic trace elements. The materials represent a variety of natural, extracted, and processed sample matrixes that provide different analytical challenges. The constituents have been determined by multiple independent methods with measurements performed by NIST and by three collaborating laboratories. The methods utilized different sample extraction and cleanup steps in addition to different instrumental analytical techniques and approaches to quantification. In addition, food-matrix proximates were determined by National Food Processor Association laboratories for one of the ephedra-containing SRMs. The SRMs are primarily intended for method validation and for use as control materials to support the analysis of dietary supplements and related botanical materials. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Food & Drug Adm, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R9, Canada. ChromaDex, Clearwater, FL 33706 USA. AIST, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Sander, LC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lane.sander@nist.gov OI McCooeye, Margaret/0000-0001-9424-9111; Lam, Joseph/0000-0001-6402-0535; Sturgeon, Ralph/0000-0001-7304-3034; Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 20 TC 38 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 77 IS 10 BP 3101 EP 3112 DI 10.1021/ac0484530 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 927PS UT WOS:000229206800010 PM 15889898 ER PT J AU Boulanger, B Hornbuckle, KC Schnoor, JL Vargo, J Peck, AM AF Boulanger, B Hornbuckle, KC Schnoor, JL Vargo, J Peck, AM TI Response to comment on "Detection of perfluorooctane surfactants in Great Lakes water" and "Mass budget of perfluorooctane surfactants in Lake Ontario" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, IIHR Hydrosci & Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Hygien Lab, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Boulanger, B (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. RI Hornbuckle, Keri/A-8155-2008 OI Hornbuckle, Keri/0000-0002-3478-3221 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 10 BP 3885 EP 3886 DI 10.1021/es058004x PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 927KV UT WOS:000229193700069 ER PT J AU Bennett, LH Della Torre, E AF Bennett, LH Della Torre, E TI Analysis of wasp-waist hysteresis loops SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID MAGNETIC HYSTERESIS AB Wasp-waist and pot-belly hysteresis loops have been observed in many materials. When only the major loop is reported, the results are insufficient to establish which processes are involved. We present two models for wasp-waist materials that produce virtually indistinguishable major loops, but show that first-order reversal curves can be used to separate the effects. In the simplest model, we take a soft magnetic material and a hard material and exchange couple them. When the exchange is positive, the loop is conventional. However, for negative (antiferromagnetic) exchange, the wasp-waist loop is obtained. Negative coupling of two materials with different switching field distributions leads to pot-bellied loops. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Washington Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Natl Inst Standards Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bennett, LH (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM lbennett@gwu.edu NR 5 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10E502 DI 10.1063/1.1846171 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TP UT WOS:000230168300259 ER PT J AU Cage, B Russek, SE Zipse, D Dalal, NS AF Cage, B Russek, SE Zipse, D Dalal, NS TI Advantages of superconducting quantum interference device-detected magnetic resonance over conventional high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance for characterization of nanomagnetic materials SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID MOLECULAR CLUSTERS; IRON(III) CATION; EPR; SPECTROMETER; SPECTROSCOPY AB A dc-detected high-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (HF-EPR) technique, based on a standard superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) magnetometer, has significant advantages over traditional HF-EPR based on microwave absorption measurements. The SQUID-based technique provides quantitative determination of the dc magnetic moment as a function of microwave power, magnetic field and temperature. The EPR spectra obtained do not contain variability in the line shape and splittings that are commonly observed in the standard single-pass transmission mode HF-EPR. We demonstrate the improved performance by comparing EPR spectra for Fe8 molecular nanomagnets using both SQUID-based and conventional microwave-absorption EPR systems. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. RP Cage, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bcage@boulder.nist.gov NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10M507 DI 10.1063/1.1850816 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500154 ER PT J AU Chen, TY Ji, Y Chien, CL Stiles, MD AF Chen, TY Ji, Y Chien, CL Stiles, MD TI Current-induced switching in a single exchange-biased ferromagnetic layer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID MAGNETIC MULTILAYER; DRIVEN; REVERSAL AB We demonstrate current-induced switching effects in a single exchanged-biased ferromagnetic layer. A nanodomain can be switched within the ferromagnetic layer by a spin-polarized current injected through a point contact. The high resistance of the hysteretic switching is due to the formation of a domain wall between the nanodomain and the rest of the layer. The switching behavior observed in a single layer is a type of spin-transfer torque effect which is the inverse effect of domain-wall magnetoresistance. At room temperature, nonhysteretic switching behavior with a broad switching current density range is observed. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chien, CL (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM clc@pha.jhu.edu RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Ji, Yi/K-8027-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10C709 DI 10.1063/1.1852437 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TP UT WOS:000230168300161 ER PT J AU Dumesnil, K Dufour, C Mangin, P Fitzsimmons, MR Park, S Rhyne, JJ Rogalev, A Borchers, JA AF Dumesnil, K Dufour, C Mangin, P Fitzsimmons, MR Park, S Rhyne, JJ Rogalev, A Borchers, JA TI Magnetization reversal in a YFe2-dominant DyFe2/YFe2 exchange-coupled superlattice: An x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and polarized neutron reflectometry study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB Combined chemical-selective XMCD and depth-resolved PNR experiments have been performed to unravel magnetic configurations in a [(30 angstrom)DyFe2/(120 angstrom)YFe2](22) superlattice, in which the magnetization of the soft YFe2 layer dominates. The magnetization of the YFe2 component is nearly always saturated, flipping directly from positive to negative saturation, while the net magnetization of the hard DyFe2 component significantly varies in high fields and is probably nonuniform. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nancy 1, Phys Mat Lab, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, LANSCE, Lujan Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. European Synchrotron Radiat Facil, F-38043 Grenoble, France. RP Dumesnil, K (reprint author), Univ Nancy 1, Phys Mat Lab, BP 239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. RI Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; OI DUMESNIL, Karine/0000-0002-2304-4490 NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10K108 DI 10.1063/1.1853840 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500095 ER PT J AU Egelhoff, WF McMichael, RD Mallett, JJ Shapiro, AJ Powell, CJ Bonevich, JE Judy, JH Thomas, JH Svedberg, EB AF Egelhoff, WF McMichael, RD Mallett, JJ Shapiro, AJ Powell, CJ Bonevich, JE Judy, JH Thomas, JH Svedberg, EB TI Origin of exchange decoupling effects in high-coercivity air-annealed CoPd multilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID TOP LAYER; INTERDIFFUSION; MEDIA; OVERLAYERS; DIFFUSION; FILMS; CRMN AB We have achieved excellent exchange decoupling of grains in CoPd multilayers by annealing in air at 300 degrees C. Samples exhibit a slope in the hysteresis loop close to 1.0, nucleation fields as large as 11 kOe, and coercivities as large as 16 kOe. These are among the best properties ever achieved for CoPd multilayers. In samples of the general type seed layer\(0.3 nm Co\1 nm Pd) X 15\capping layer, it appears that atoms diffuse rapidly up and down the grain boundaries at 300 degrees C. From x-ray photoelectron and Auger depth profiling, we have found that when Co atoms arrive at the surface they become oxidized and remain at the surface, leaving the grain boundaries depleted in Co and apparently nonmagnetic. If the annealing is carried out in vacuum, exchange decoupling of the grains does not occur. This result supports our conclusion that the presence of oxygen plays a crucial role. When Au or Pt atoms are present in the seed layer or capping layer, they diffuse into the CoPd grain boundaries and apparently enhance the exchange decoupling of grains. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Minnesota, Dept Elect Engn, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Seagate Technol, Pittsburgh, PA 15222 USA. RP Egelhoff, WF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10J104 DI 10.1063/1.1848472 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500021 ER PT J AU Geyer, RG Riddle, B Krupka, J Boatner, LA AF Geyer, RG Riddle, B Krupka, J Boatner, LA TI Microwave dielectric properties of single-crystal quantum paraelectrics KTaO3 and SrTiO3 at cryogenic temperatures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; FERROELECTRIC PHASE-TRANSITIONS; COMPLEX PERMITTIVITY; X-RAY; INCIPIENT FERROELECTRICS; POTASSIUM TANTALATE; RANGE; STRONTIUM; KTA1-XNBXO3; TITANATES AB Microwave dielectric properties of single-crystal incipient quantum ferroelectrics, KTaO3 and SrTiO3, have been measured at cryogenic temperatures. Cylindrical specimens were used as TE0n1-mode and quasi-TE011-mode dielectric resonators at temperatures ranging from 4 to 300 K. Conductive losses of the measurement resonant structures were taken into account, both as a function of frequency and temperature, so that uncertainties in the evaluated dielectric losses were +/- 5%. The real permittivity was measured with an accuracy of +/- 0.5%. The evaluated real permittivities of KTaO3 and SrTiO3 exhibit no ferroelectric transition, and remain paraelectric down to 5 K, consistent with soft-mode stabilization. Dielectric loss tangent values of KTaO3 at 3 GHz were 4.2 x 10(-5) at 5.4 K, 8.9 x 10(-5) at 77 K, and 1.4 x 10(-4) at 300 K, while those of SrTiO3 were 3.4 x 10(-3) at 5.4 K, 2.4 x 10(-4) at 77 K, and 3.8 x 10(-4) at 300 K. Results of the complex permittivity measurements are compared with theoretical predictions from a modified Devonshire phenomenological model. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Inst Midroelekt & Optoelekt Politechn Warszawskie, PL-00662 Warsaw, Poland. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Geyer, RG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM geyer@boulder.nist.gov RI Boatner, Lynn/I-6428-2013 OI Boatner, Lynn/0000-0002-0235-7594 NR 31 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 104111 DI 10.1063/1.1905789 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TO UT WOS:000230168100110 ER PT J AU Huang, H Seu, K Reilly, A Kadmon, Y Egelhoff, WF AF Huang, H Seu, K Reilly, A Kadmon, Y Egelhoff, WF TI Temperature, wavelength, and polarization dependent time resolved optical spectroscopy of half-metallic CrO2 SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID FERROMAGNET; DYNAMICS; FILMS AB CrO2 is an important transition metal oxide due to its half-metallic behavior. We have performed ultrafast laser pump-probe differential transmission experiments on epitaxial CrO2(110)Polarizations parallel and perpendicular to the c axis were used, at wavelengths corresponding to important magnetic excitations: 1300 (1 eV), 800 (1.5 eV), and 650 nm (2 eV). Anisotropy is observed in the polarization-dependent measurements and is attributed to the electronic orbital anisotropy. A critical change of transient transmission is also observed at the Curie temperature of 386 K. This behavior reveals the close relationship between the optical absorption and the spin dynamics of this material. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Dept Phys, Williamsburg, VA 23187 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10C309 DI 10.1063/1.1854417 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TP UT WOS:000230168300128 ER PT J AU Huang, PJ Wu, SY Tsao, FC Yang, CC Chung, MK Li, WH Lynn, JW Ku, HC AF Huang, PJ Wu, SY Tsao, FC Yang, CC Chung, MK Li, WH Lynn, JW Ku, HC TI Mn magnetic ordering in fully oxygenated Lu1-xScxMnO3 (x=0, 0.5, and 1) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID RMNO3 AB The magnetic properties of fully oxygenated hexagonal Lu1-xScMnO3 (x=0, 0.5, and 1) have been investigated by means of neutron diffraction and ac magnetization measurements. All three compounds crystallized into a hexagonal symmetry of space-group P6(3)cm. No structural changes were observed between 10 and 300 K. Anomaly of antiferromagnetic characters was observed at similar to 90, 95, and 126 K for the x=0, 0.5, and 1 compounds, respectively, in the temperature dependence of the ac magnetic susceptibility, signaling the ordering of the Mn spins. Both the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic components, associated with the Mn spins, were revealed in the low-temperature neutron magnetic diffraction patterns. The observed magnetic intensities are consistent with a magnetic structure that can be described by using the Kovalev Gamma(5) irreducible representation, where the Mn moments lie in the basal MnO2 planes and the couplings between the adjacent MnO2 planes are ferromagnetic, with a saturated moment of (mu(z))=3.22(3)mu(B) and 3.15(3)mu(B) for the x=0 and 0.5 compounds, respectively. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Tsing Hua Univ, Dept Phys, Hsinchu 300, Taiwan. RP Li, WH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Dept Phys, Chungli 32054, Taiwan. EM whli@phy.ncu.edu.tw NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10H703 DI 10.1063/1.1846372 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500006 ER PT J AU Maranville, BB Mallett, J Moffat, TP McMichael, RD Chen, AP Egelhoff, WF AF Maranville, BB Mallett, J Moffat, TP McMichael, RD Chen, AP Egelhoff, WF TI Effect of conformal roughness on ferromagnetic resonance linewidth in thin Permalloy films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; ULTRATHIN FILMS; RELAXATION AB The ferromagnetic resonance linewidth is a result of both intrinsic damping and contributions from inhomogeneities, which in thin films can be dominated by the roughness. Microstructural measurements and magnetization dynamics are reported here for 50-nm films of Permalloy deposited on substrates with controlled roughness. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements reveal a strong linewidth broadening that peaks when the magnetization is approximately 30 degrees from the in-plane direction. These results are compared with a recently developed two-magnon theory of resonance broadening due to inhomogeneous demagnetizing fields in a rough film. C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maranville, BB (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.maranville@nist.gov RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 10 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10A721 DI 10.1063/1.1860271 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TP UT WOS:000230168300053 ER PT J AU McMichael, RD Stiles, MD AF McMichael, RD Stiles, MD TI Magnetic normal modes of nanoelements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB Micromagnetic calculations are used to determine the eigenfrequencies and precession patterns of some of the lowest-frequency magnetic normal modes of submicron patterned elements. Two examples are presented. For a Permalloy-like ellipse, 350 nm X 160 nm X 5 nm thick in zero field, the lowest frequency normal mode at 4 GHz corresponds to precession in the "ends" of the ellipse. Other resonant frequencies are compared with the frequencies of spinwaves with discrete wave vectors. For a normally magnetized 50 nm diameter X 15 nm thick cobalt disk, the calculated eigenfrequencies increase linearly with applied field, mimicking the behavior of the experimental critical current for spin transfer instabilities in an experimental realization of this disk. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McMichael, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rmcmichael@nist.gov RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 19 TC 142 Z9 142 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10J901 DI 10.1063/1.1852191 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500084 ER PT J AU McQueeney, RJ Yethiraj, M Montfrooij, W Gardner, JS Metcalf, P Honig, JM AF McQueeney, RJ Yethiraj, M Montfrooij, W Gardner, JS Metcalf, P Honig, JM TI Influence of the Verwey transition on the spin-wave dispersion of magnetite SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID EXCHANGE CONSTANTS; LOW-TEMPERATURES; FERRITES; FE3O4 AB Inelastic neutron-scattering measurements of the spin-wave spectrum of magnetite (Fe(3)O(4)) that shed new light on the Verwey transition problem are presented. Above the Verwey transition, the spin waves can fit a simple Heisenberg model. Below T(v), a large gap (8 meV) forms in the acoustic spin-wave branch at q=(0,0, 1/2) and E=43 meV. Heisenberg models with large unit cells were used to examine the spin waves when the superexchange is modified to reflect the crystallographic symmetry lowering due to either atomic distortions or charge ordering and find that neither of these models predicts the spin-wave gap. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11793 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP McQueeney, RJ (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. EM mcqueeney@ameslab.gov RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016 OI McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602 NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10A902 DI 10.1063/1.1846555 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TP UT WOS:000230168300057 ER PT J AU Min, DH Moreland, J AF Min, DH Moreland, J TI Quantitative measurement of magnetic moments with a torsional resonator: Proposal for an ultralow moment reference material SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID MAGNETOMETER AB We present a method for defining the magnetic moment of a reference material based on a torsional resonator with a patterned magnetic film on its surface. Given accurate measurements of the magnitude of the applied field, the moment of inertia of the resonator, and the magnetic stiffening effect of the film on the resonance frequency of the resonator, we can obtain an absolute measurement of the anisotropy energy and magnetic moment of the film independently. With this approach, the anisotropy energy and the magnetic moment of the film are measured directly, eliminating the need for a detailed knowledge of the film's saturation magnetization or sample volume. In principle, all of the measurements needed for the reference material are traceable to an atomic clock frequency reference. We have performed preliminary measurements on Ni0.8Fe0.2 films patterned in circle of 4.17 mm diameter. Representative samples had measured magnetic moments of 5.04 +/- 0.12 mu A m(2) for nominal film thicknesses of 500 nm. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado Sch Mines, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Min, DH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM moreland@boulder.nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10R504 DI 10.1063/1.1853276 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500329 ER PT J AU Rantschler, JO Chen, PJ Arrott, AS McMichael, RD Egelhoff, WF Maranville, BB AF Rantschler, JO Chen, PJ Arrott, AS McMichael, RD Egelhoff, WF Maranville, BB TI Surface anisotropy of permalloy in NM/NiFe/NM multilayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB We measure surface anisotropy in permalloy (Py) deposited, between two layers of normal metal (NM = Ag, Cu, or Ta) by measuring the total perpendicular anisotropy with the angular dependence of the ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) field in a resonant cavity. Comparisons are made with the frequency dependence of a broadband FMR technique and vibrating sample magnetometry, and neither match the sensitivity and range of the cavity technique. We see there is a difference between the surface anisotropy at the interfaces: Py-Ta has a surface anisotropy of (0.078 +/- 0.009) mJ/m(2) and the Py-Ag and Py-Cu interfaces have surface anisotropies of (0.10 +/- 0.007) mJ/m(2). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Virginia State Univ, Dept Chem & Phys, Petersburg, VA 23806 USA. RP Rantschler, JO (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 6 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10J113 DI 10.1063/1.1853711 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500030 ER PT J AU Rao, S Della Torre, E Bennett, LH Seyoum, HM Watson, RE AF Rao, S Della Torre, E Bennett, LH Seyoum, HM Watson, RE TI Temperature variation of the fluctuation field in Co/Pt SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID MAGNETIC VISCOSITY AB Measurements of the fluctuation field of a perpendicular Co/Pt multilayer medium was carried out from 4 K to room temperature, using a procedure that for each holding field matches, in log-time, the aftereffect curve with the major loop. This is done by translation and scaling using the entire curve. The fluctuation field at each temperature is obtained from the slope of the required translation as a function of the holding field. The fluctuation field is directly proportional to the absolute temperature below the Bose condensation temperature, T-BE, has a sharp peak at the T-BE, then decreases until it approaches a constant value asymptotically from below for higher temperatures. This paper presents both the technique used to obtain this data and a theory of this magnetic aftereffect. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Washington Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. W Virginia State Coll, Dept Phys, Institute, WV 25112 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Rao, S (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Elect & Comp Engn Dept, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10N113 DI 10.1063/1.1853232 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500184 ER PT J AU Seehra, MS Shim, H Dutta, P Manivannan, A Bonevich, J AF Seehra, MS Shim, H Dutta, P Manivannan, A Bonevich, J TI Interparticle interaction effects in the magnetic properties of NiO nanorods SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID TEMPERATURE-VARIATION; EXCHANGE-BIAS; NANOPARTICLES; DEPENDENCE; SUPERPARAMAGNETISM; PARTICLES; RESONANCE; FERRITIN; OXIDE AB Magnetic properties of nanorods of NiO (diameter approximate to 5 nm and average aspect ratio approximate to 12), with and without oleic acid coating, are reported. Temperature variations (5 to 300 K) of the magnetization and electron magnetic resonance (EMR) spectra were measured to determine the respective blocking temperatures T-b(m) and T-b(EMR). The following differences are noted: (1) T-b(m) is reduced from 230 K (uncoated) to 85 K (coated) for H=25 Oe (2.5 mT); (2) Decrease of Tb(m) with H is weaker and the ratio T-b(EMR)/T-b(m) is smaller for the uncoated particles. These differences are due to stronger interparticle interaction present in the uncoated particles. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seehra, MS (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM mseehra@wvu.edu RI Manivannan, Ayyakkannu/A-2227-2012 OI Manivannan, Ayyakkannu/0000-0003-0676-7918 NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10J509 DI 10.1063/1.1854911 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500069 ER PT J AU Soriano, S Dumesnil, K Dufour, C Hennion, M Borchers, JA Mangin, P AF Soriano, S Dumesnil, K Dufour, C Hennion, M Borchers, JA Mangin, P TI Clamping effect on the magnetic behavior of europium epitaxial thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc AB Epitaxial thin films of europium experience significant strains when deposited on a sapphire substrate with a niobium buffer. We demonstrate that the relative population of the magnetic domains is affected, in particular, in the presence of a slight tilt of the film growth axis relative to the substrate. The application of a magnetic field further modifies the population of the domains giving rise to unusual irreversible effects. These results could help to elucidate the magnetoelastic properties of bulk europium, which are still unknown. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nancy 1, Phys Mat Lab, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. CENS, Leon Brillouin Lab, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Soriano, S (reprint author), Univ Nancy 1, Phys Mat Lab, Boite Postale 239, F-54506 Vandoeuvre Les Nancy, France. OI DUMESNIL, Karine/0000-0002-2304-4490 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10K111 DI 10.1063/1.1854437 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500098 ER PT J AU Stutzke, NA Russek, SE Pappas, DP Tondra, M AF Stutzke, NA Russek, SE Pappas, DP Tondra, M TI Low-frequency noise measurements on commercial magnetoresistive magnetic field sensors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS AB Low-frequency noise was measured in the frequency range from 0.1 Hz to 10 kHz on a variety of commercially available magnetic sensors. The types of sensors investigated include anisotropic magnetoresistance (AMR), giant magnetoresistance (GMR), and tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) effect devices. The I If noise components of electronic and magnetic origin are identified by measuring sensor noise and sensitivity at various applied magnetic fields. Commercial magnetometers typically consist of four elements in a Wheatstone bridge configuration and are biased with either a constant voltage or current. Voltage fluctuations at the sensor output are amplified by a pair of battery powered low-noise preamplifiers and input to a spectrum analyzer. A two-channel cross-correlation technique is used when the performance of a single preamplifier is not sufficient. For the AMR and GMR sensors investigated, both electronic and magnetic components contribute to the overall sensor noise. Maximum noise occurs at the bias field which gives maximum sensitivity. The noise of TMR based sensors is primarily due to resistance fluctuations in the tunnel barrier, having little to no field dependence. The best low-field detectivity of the sensors that have been measured is on the order of 100 pT/Hz(0.5) at 1 Hz. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Magnet Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Nonvolatile Elect NVE Corp, Eden Prairie, MN 55344 USA. RP Stutzke, NA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Magnet Grp, 325 Broadway,MC 818-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nstutzke@boulder.nist.gov NR 5 TC 85 Z9 85 U1 4 U2 35 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10Q107 DI 10.1063/1.1861375 PN 3 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TQ UT WOS:000230168500269 ER PT J AU Um, CY Johnson, F Simone, M Barrow, J McHenry, ME AF Um, CY Johnson, F Simone, M Barrow, J McHenry, ME TI Effect of crystal fraction on hardness in FINEMET and NANOPERM nanocomposite alloys SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID NANOCRYSTALLIZATION; CRYSTALLIZATION; KINETICS AB Nanocrystallization kinetics of a FINEMET (Fe(71.1)Si(18.5)B(6.3)Nb(3)Cu(1.1)) and a NANOPERM alloy (Fe(91)Zr(7)B(2)) were studied and the variation of mechanical properties (hardness) with volume fraction of the crystalline (VFC) phase determined. Time-dependent magnetization and hysteresis loop measurements were used to determine VFC for FINEMET and NANOPERM, respectively. Kinetic results are presented to provide the information necessary to interpret the hardness measurements. Hardness was measured by nanoindentation as a function of VFC to investigate the effect of the evolution of the nanocomposite structure on the mechanical properties. Strengthening mechanisms to understand the linear increase of hardness with the increase of VFC are presented. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Um, CY (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM cyum@andrew.cmu.edu RI McHenry, Michael/B-8936-2009 NR 7 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10F504 DI 10.1063/1.1855173 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TP UT WOS:000230168300300 ER PT J AU Yanik, L Della Torre, E Donahue, MJ Cardelli, E AF Yanik, L Della Torre, E Donahue, MJ Cardelli, E TI Micrornagnetic eddy currents in conducting cylinders SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 49th Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 07-11, 2004 CL Jacksonville, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE Magnet Soc, Amer Ceram Soc, USN, Off Naval Res, Amer Phys Soc, ASTM Int, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc ID TIME AB The inclusion of eddy currents into micromagnetic programs is important for the proper analysis of dynamic effects in conducting magnetic media. This paper introduces a numerical implementation for eddy current calculations, in a limited geometry, for a thick domain wall. In the special case of a zero-thickness wall, our results are directly comparable with an analytical model previously presented. Our calculations provide some computational results for testing more complex programs. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 George Washington Univ, Inst Magnet Res, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Perugia, Dept Ind Engn, Perugia, Italy. RP Yanik, L (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Inst Magnet Res, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM lyanik@gwu.edu NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 10 AR 10E308 DI 10.1063/1.1851872 PN 2 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 940TP UT WOS:000230168300246 ER PT J AU Ervin, KM Lineberger, WC AF Ervin, KM Lineberger, WC TI Photoelectron spectroscopy of phosphorus hydride anions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORRELATED MOLECULAR CALCULATIONS; CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; TRIPLET-STATES; DIATOMIC HYDRIDES; ELECTRON-AFFINITY; DIPHOSPHENE HP=PH; EXCITED-STATES; CLUSTER ANIONS; NEGATIVE-IONS AB Negative-ion photoelectron spectroscopy is applied to the PH-, PH2-, P2H-, P2H2-, and P2H3- molecular anions. Franck-Condon simulations of the photoelectron spectra are used to analyze the spectra and to identify various P2Hn- species. The simulations employ density-functional theory calculations of molecular geometries and vibrational frequencies and normal modes, and coupled-cluster theory calculations of electron affinities. The following electron affinities are obtained: EA(0)(PH) = 1.027 +/- 0.006 eV, EA(0)(PH2) = 1.263 +/- 0.006 eV, and EA(0)(P2H) 1.514 +/- 0.010 eV. A band is identified as a mixture of trans-HPPH- and cis-HPPH-. Although the trans and cis bands cannot be definitively assigned from experimental information, using theory as a guide we obtain EA(0)(trans-HPPH) = 1.00 +/- 0.01 eV and EA(0)(cis-HPPH) = 1.03 +/- 0.01 eV. A weak feature tentatively assigned to P2H3- has a vertical detachment energy of 1.74 eV. The derived gas-phase acidity of phosphine is Delta(acid)G(298)(PH3)<= 1509.7 +/- 2.1 kJ mol(-1). (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Nevada, Chem Phys Program, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ervin, KM (reprint author), Univ Nevada, Dept Chem, Reno, NV 89557 USA. EM ervin@chem.unr.edu NR 65 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 19 AR 194303 DI 10.1063/1.1881153 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 934XS UT WOS:000229743500015 PM 16161569 ER PT J AU Nizkorodov, SA Ziemkiewicz, M Nesbitt, DJ Knight, AEW AF Nizkorodov, SA Ziemkiewicz, M Nesbitt, DJ Knight, AEW TI Overtone spectroscopy of H2O clusters in the v(OH)=2 manifold: Infrared-ultraviolet vibrationally mediated dissociation studies SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACE; STATE-RESOLVED PHOTODISSOCIATION; DIMER INTERMOLECULAR VIBRATIONS; ROTATION-TUNNELING SPECTROSCOPY; TERAHERTZ LASER SPECTROSCOPY; SMALL WATER CLUSTERS; MOLECULAR-BEAM; QUANTUM STATE; PREDISSOCIATION DYNAMICS; SULFUR-TRIOXIDE AB Spectroscopy and predissociation dynamics of (H2O)(2) and Ar-H2O are investigated with vibrationally mediated dissociation (VMD) techniques, wherein nu(OH)=2 overtones of the complexes are selectively prepared with direct infrared pumping, followed by 193 nm photolysis of the excited H2O molecules. As a function of relative laser timing, the photolysis breaks H2O into OH and H fragments either (i) directly inside the complex or (ii) after the complex undergoes vibrational predissociation, with the nascent quantum state distribution of the OH photofragment probed via laser-induced fluorescence. This capability provides the first rotationally resolved spectroscopic analysis of (H2O)(2) in the first overtone region and vibrational predissociation dynamics of water dimer and Ar-water clusters. The sensitivity of the VMD approach permits several nu(OH) = 2 overtone bands to be observed, the spectroscopic assignment of which is discussed in the context of recent anharmonic theoretical calculations. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Griffith Univ, Fac Sci & Technol, Brisbane, Qld 4111, Australia. RP Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu RI Nizkorodov, Sergey/I-4120-2014 OI Nizkorodov, Sergey/0000-0003-0891-0052 NR 57 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 19 AR 194316 DI 10.1063/1.1899157 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 934XS UT WOS:000229743500028 PM 16161582 ER PT J AU Gallo, KP AF Gallo, KP TI Evaluation of temperature differences for paired stations of the US climate reference network SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID URBAN AB Adjustments to data observed at pairs of climate stations have been recommended to remove the biases introduced by differences between the stations in time of observation, temperature instrumentation, latitude, and elevation. A new network of climate stations, located in rural settings, permits comparisons of temperatures for several pairs of stations without two of the biases (time of observation and instrumentation). The daily, monthly, and annual minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures were compared for five pairs of stations included in the U.S. Climate Reference Network. Significant differences were found between the paired stations in the annual minimum, maximum, and mean temperatures for all five pairs of stations. Adjustments for latitude and elevation differences contributed to greater differences in mean annual temperature for four of the five stations. Lapse rates computed from the mean annual temperature differences between station pairs differed from a constant value, whether or not latitude adjustments were made to the data. The results suggest that microclimate influences on temperatures observed at nearby (horizontally and vertically) stations are potentially much greater than influences that might be due to latitude or elevation differences between the stations. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Gallo, KP (reprint author), USGS, Natl Ctr Earth Resources Observat, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM kgallo@usgs.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 13 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 10 BP 1629 EP 1636 DI 10.1175/JCLI3358.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 931HO UT WOS:000229476600013 ER PT J AU Paik, U Kim, JY Hackley, VA AF Paik, U Kim, JY Hackley, VA TI Rheological and electrokinetic behavior associated with concentrated nanosize silica hydrosols SO MATERIALS CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ceramics; oxides; surface properties ID HAMAKER CONSTANTS; CERAMIC MATERIALS; COLLOIDAL SILICA; SUSPENSIONS; FORCES; OXIDE; STABILITY; LATTICES; NITRIDE; POWDERS AB The influence of solids loading and the electrical double layer on the rheological behavior of concentrated silica nanosols was investigated. In this study, silica suspensions were characterized by viscosity, electrokinetic sonic amplitude measurements, and by theoretical considerations. Despite a high electrokinetic potential at pH 8, fumed silica not only exhibits rheological behavior normally indicative of an unstable suspension, but the rheology does not have the expected DLVO dependence on ionic strength. Normalization of viscosity to an effective volume fraction that incorporates the influence of the electrical double layer, leads to partially superimposable curves. The positive correlation between zeta potential and viscosity indicates that classical DLVO calculations alone are insufficient to predict the rheological behavior of concentrated silica nanosols, without first taking into account the effects of particle crowding and the repulsive interactions on suspension structure. The relatively low magnitude of van der Waals attractive forces between silica particles in water also plays an important role at high electrolyte concentrations. A comparison is made between silica nanosols and silica microspheres, and also between nano-silica and nano-alumina. (C) 2004 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Hanyang Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, Seoul 133791, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paik, U (reprint author), Hanyang Univ, Dept Ceram Engn, 17 Haengdang Dong, Seoul 133791, South Korea. EM upaik@hanyang.ac.kr OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0254-0584 J9 MATER CHEM PHYS JI Mater. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 91 IS 1 BP 205 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2004.11.011 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 902TA UT WOS:000227378200034 ER PT J AU Holman, KW Hudson, DD Ye, J Jones, DJ AF Holman, KW Hudson, DD Ye, J Jones, DJ TI Remote transfer of a high-stability and ultralow-jitter timing signal SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CLOCK AB Transfer of a high-stability and ultralow-jitter timing signal through a fiber network via a mode-locked fiber laser is demonstrated. With active cancellation of the fiber-transmission noise, the fractional instability for transfer of a radio-frequency signal through a 6.9- (4.5-) km round-trip installed (laboratory-based) fiber network is below 9(7) x 10(-15) tau(-1/2) for an averaging time tau >= 1 s, limited by the noise floor of the frequency-counting system. The noise cancellation reduces the rms timing jitter, integrated over a bandwidth from 1 Hz to 100 kHz, to 37 (20) fs for the installed (laboratory-based) fiber network, representing what is to our knowledge the lowest reported jitter for transfer of a timing signal over kilometer-scale distances using an installed (laboratory-based) optical-fiber network. (c) 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. RP Holman, KW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kevin.holman@colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Jones, David/F-5859-2017 NR 9 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1225 EP 1227 DI 10.1364/OL.30.001225 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 924WO UT WOS:000229011800047 PM 15943317 ER PT J AU Willis, MA Song, F Zhuang, ZH Krajewski, W Chalamasetty, VR Reddy, P Howard, A Dunaway-Mariano, D Herzberg, O AF Willis, MA Song, F Zhuang, ZH Krajewski, W Chalamasetty, VR Reddy, P Howard, A Dunaway-Mariano, D Herzberg, O TI Structure of YciI from Haemophilus influenzae (HI0828) reveals a ferredoxin-like alpha/beta-fold with a histidine/aspartate centered catalytic site SO PROTEINS-STRUCTURE FUNCTION AND BIOINFORMATICS LA English DT Article ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MUCONOLACTONE ISOMERASE; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; PROTEIN; DATABASE; PATHWAY; IDENTIFICATION; REFINEMENT; RESOLUTION; MODEL C1 Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ New Mexico, Dept Chem, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. RP Herzberg, O (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM osnat@carb.nist.gov FU CGH CDC HHS [P01 GH57890]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM28688] NR 30 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-3585 J9 PROTEINS JI Proteins PD MAY 15 PY 2005 VL 59 IS 3 BP 648 EP 652 DI 10.1002/prot.20411 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 921QJ UT WOS:000228779200025 PM 15779043 ER PT J AU Hollberg, L Oates, CW Wilpers, G Hoyt, CW Barber, ZW Diddams, SA Oskay, WH Bergquist, JC AF Hollberg, L Oates, CW Wilpers, G Hoyt, CW Barber, ZW Diddams, SA Oskay, WH Bergquist, JC TI Optical frequency/wavelength references SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS B-ATOMIC MOLECULAR AND OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ABSOLUTE-FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS; FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; MODE-LOCKED LASER; HE-NE-LASER; FEMTOSECOND-LASER; SPECIAL RELATIVITY; 2-PHOTON SPECTROSCOPY; PHASE-CONTROL; WAVELENGTH MEASUREMENTS; FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS AB For more than 100 years, optical atomic/molecular frequency references have played important roles in science and technology, and provide standards enabling precision measurements. Frequency-stable optical sources have been central to experimental tests of Einstein's relativity, and also serve to realize our base unit of length. The technology has evolved from atomic discharge lamps and interferometry, to narrow atomic resonances in laser-cooled atoms that are probed by frequency-stabilized cw lasers that in turn control optical frequency synthesizers (combs) based on ultra-fast mode-locked lasers. Recent technological advances have improved the performance of optical frequency references by almost four orders of magnitude in the last eight years. This has stimulated new enthusiasm for the development of optical atomic clocks, and allows new probes into nature, such as searches for time variation of fundamental constants and precision spectroscopy. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hollberg, L (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hollberg@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 184 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-4075 J9 J PHYS B-AT MOL OPT JI J. Phys. B-At. Mol. Opt. Phys. PD MAY 14 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 9 SI SI BP S469 EP S495 DI 10.1088/0953-4075/38/9/003 PG 27 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 930EY UT WOS:000229399800004 ER PT J AU Werner, J Griesmaier, A Hensler, S Stuhler, J Pfau, T Simoni, A Tiesinga, E AF Werner, J Griesmaier, A Hensler, S Stuhler, J Pfau, T Simoni, A Tiesinga, E TI Observation of Feshbach resonances in an ultracold gas of Cr-52 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; INELASTIC-COLLISIONS; FERMI GAS; ATOMS AB We have observed Feshbach resonances in collisions between ultracold Cr-52 atoms. This is the first observation of collisional Feshbach resonances in an atomic species with more than one valence electron. The zero nuclear spin of Cr-52 and thus the absence of a Fermi-contact interaction leads to regularly spaced resonance sequences. By comparing resonance positions with multichannel scattering calculations we determine the s-wave scattering length of the lowest (2S+1)&USigma;(+)(g) potentials to be 112(14) a(0), 58(6) a(0), and -7(20) a(0) for S=6, 4, and 2, respectively, where a(0)=0.0529 nm. C1 Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 5, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Werner, J (reprint author), Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 5, D-70550 Stuttgart, Germany. EM t.pfau@physik.uni-stuttgart.de RI Griesmaier, Axel/E-8243-2010; simoni, andrea/C-1410-2011; Pfau, Tilman/G-1774-2011 NR 21 TC 125 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 13 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 18 AR 183201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.183201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 925ST UT WOS:000229074300021 PM 15904366 ER PT J AU Chiaverini, J Britton, J Leibfried, D Knill, E Barrett, MD Blakestad, RB Itano, WP Jost, JD Langer, C Ozeri, R Schaetz, T Wineland, DJ AF Chiaverini, J Britton, J Leibfried, D Knill, E Barrett, MD Blakestad, RB Itano, WP Jost, JD Langer, C Ozeri, R Schaetz, T Wineland, DJ TI Implementation of the semiclassical quantum Fourier transform in a scalable system SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXPERIMENTAL REALIZATION; FACTORING ALGORITHM; TRAPPED IONS; COMPUTATION; COMPUTER AB We report the implementation of the semiclassical quantum Fourier transform in a system of three beryllium ion qubits (two-level quantum systems) confined in a segmented multizone trap. The quantum Fourier transform is the crucial final step in Shor's algorithm, and it acts on a register of qubits to determine the periodicity of the quantum state's amplitudes. Because only probability amplitudes are required for this task, a more efficient semiclassical version can be used, for which only single-qubit operations conditioned on measurement outcomes are required. We apply the transform to several input states of different periodicities; the results enable the location of peaks corresponding to the original periods. This demonstration incorporates the key elements of a scalable ion-trap architecture, suggesting the future capability of applying the quantum Fourier transform to a large number of qubits as required for a useful quantum factoring algorithm. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chiaverini, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.chiaverini@boulder.nist.gov RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; Barrett, Murray/G-2732-2012; OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 NR 24 TC 87 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 13 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5724 BP 997 EP 1000 DI 10.1126/science.1110335 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 927JR UT WOS:000229190700039 PM 15890877 ER PT J AU Danforth, CW Shull, JM AF Danforth, CW Shull, JM TI The low-z intergalactic medium. I. OVI baryon census SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmological parameters; cosmology : observations; intergalactic medium; quasars : absorption lines ID LY-ALPHA FOREST; HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; ABSORPTION-LINE SYSTEMS; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTROSCOPIC-EXPLORER; LOW-REDSHIFT; GASEOUS EXTENT; HI ABSORBERS; GALAXIES; ORIGIN; QUASAR AB Intergalactic absorbers along lines of sight to distant quasars are a powerful diagnostic for the evolution and content of the intergalactic medium (IGM). In this study, we use the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer ( FUSE) satellite to search 129 known Ly alpha absorption systems at z < 0.15 toward 31 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) for corresponding absorption from higher Lyman lines and the important metal ions O VI and C III. We detect O VI in 40 systems, over a smaller range of column density (log N(O) (VI) = 13.0-14.35) than seen in H I (log N(H) (I) = 13.0-16.0). The coexistence of O VI and H I suggests a multiphase IGM with warm photoionized and hot ionized components. With improved O VI detection statistics, we find a steep distribution in O VI column density, dN(O) (VI)/dN(O) (VI) proportional to NO (-2.2 +/- 0.1)(VI) O vi, suggesting that numerous weak O vi absorbers contain baryonic mass comparable to the rare strong absorbers. Down to 30 m angstrom equivalent width (O VI lambda 1032) we find an absorber frequency dN(O) (VI)/dz approximate to 17 +/- 3. The total cosmological mass fraction in this hot gas is at least Omega(WHIM) (0.0022 +/- 0.0003)[h(70)(Z(O)/0.1 Z(circle dot))(f(O) (VI)/0.2)](-1), where we have scaled to fiducial values of oxygen metallicity, O VI ionization fraction, and the Hubble constant. Gas in the warm-hot intergalactic medium (WHIM) at 10(5)-10(6) K contributes at least 4.8% +/- 0.9% of the total baryonic mass at z < 0.15. We then combine empirical scaling relations for the observed "multiphase ratio,'' N(H) (I)/N(O) (VI) proportional to N(H) (0.9 +/- 0.1)(I) and for hydrogen overdensity in cosmological simulations, N(H) (I) proportional to delta(0.7)(H) with the H I photoionization correction to derive the mean oxygen metallicity, Z(O) approximate to (0.09 Z(circle dot))(f(O) (VI)/0.2)(-1) in the low-z multiphase gas. Given the spread in the empirical relations and in f(O) (VI), the baryon content in the O VI WHIM could be as large as 10%. Our survey is based on a large improvement in the number of O VI absorbers (40 vs. 10) and total redshift path length (Delta z approximate to 2.2 vs. Delta z approximate to 0.5) compared to earlier surveys. C1 Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Danforth, CW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Ctr Astrophys & Space Astron, Dept Astrophys & Planetary Sci, 389-UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM danforth@casa.colorado.edu; mshull@casa.colorado.edu NR 30 TC 103 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 10 PY 2005 VL 624 IS 2 BP 555 EP 560 DI 10.1086/429285 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 923NG UT WOS:000228916000007 ER PT J AU Karlsson, OM Richardson, JS Kiffney, PA AF Karlsson, OM Richardson, JS Kiffney, PA TI Modelling organic matter dynamics in headwater streams of south-western British Columbia, Canada SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE British Columbia; detritus budget; headwater; modelling organic matter dynamics; riparian; streams ID WOODY DEBRIS; DETRITUS DYNAMICS; LOTIC ECOSYSTEMS; FOREST STREAMS; RAIN-FOREST; CLEAR-CUT; INVERTEBRATES; CARBON; MANIPULATION; GROUNDWATER AB A mass-balance model was developed to simulate organic matter (OM) dynamics in headwater stream ecosystems of southwestern British Columbia, Canada. Empirical data from two streams were used to structure and test a mass-balance model of the riparian-stream system. The model was driven by data on inputs, outputs, processing rates, discharge and water temperature. Statistical sub-models were derived for different processes (e.g. decomposition rates and periphyton growth). Inputs and outputs of OM were modelled on the basis of a series of assumptions of system properties, such as temperature and hydrological regimes. Major uncertainties identified through Monte-Carlo simulations of model predictions and variables important in controlling OM dynamics in these streams were dissolved OM (DOM) import and export, stream area and litterfall import. DOM was quantitatively the most important source of OM, accounting for 80% of total export of OM, followed by export of fine particulate organic matter (FPOM) at 15%. Different scenarios of logging and temperature regimes on the system were simulated to predict how these factors would affect standing stock of OM in the stream. When inputs of riparian litterfall were simulated to mirror reductions predicted from forest harvesting in the riparian area particulate OM (POM) standing stock was reduced by almost 80%. In comparison, a 3 degrees C increase in water temperature resulted in only a 20% reduction of POM standing stock due to enhanced mineralisation. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 AF Environm Res Grp, SE-10420 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ British Columbia, Dept Forest Sci, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Karlsson, OM (reprint author), AF Environm Res Grp, POB 8133, SE-10420 Stockholm, Sweden. EM magnus.o.karlsson@af.se; john.richardson@ubc.ca; peter.kiffney@noaa.gov RI Richardson, John/G-1513-2012 OI Richardson, John/0000-0001-8135-7447 NR 52 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD MAY 10 PY 2005 VL 183 IS 4 BP 463 EP 476 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2004.08.022 PG 14 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 911TZ UT WOS:000228029400009 ER PT J AU Vallone, PM Decker, AE Butler, JM AF Vallone, PM Decker, AE Butler, JM TI Allele frequencies for 70 autosomal SNP loci with US Caucasian, African-American, and Hispanic samples SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Editorial Material DE single nucleotide polymorphism; DNA; SNP; autosomal markers; primer extension ID POPULATION-DATA; DNA AB 189 samples from 3 different U.S. sample groups Caucasian (74), African American (7 1) and Hispanic (44) were typed for 70 autosomal genetic markers. These 70 markers are bi-allelic (C/T) short nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). For each sample, the 70 SNP markers were typed in 11 unique 6-plexes and a single 4-plex PCR. A total of 10 of the 210 tests (70 loci x 3 populations) for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium indicated a statistically significant result. In order to evaluate the minimum number of SNP loci needed to distinguish all 189 samples from one another, we ranked the loci according to their levels of observed heterozygosity and p-values obtained upon testing for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The top 12 loci according to these ranking criteria were tabulated along with the number of unique genotypes observed when combining subsequent SNP markers. The 12 selected SNPs possessed an observed heterozygosity of > 0.45 in all three populations examined and thus would be expected to exhibit more differences between samples. All of the 189 samples in this study were individualized with a subset of 12 SNP loci. However, it is likely that the addition of more than 12 SNP loci will be required to resolve larger sets of unrelated individuals from one another. By way of comparison, in these same 189 individuals all but one pair is resolved from one another with three of the traditional short tandem repeat (STR) loci possessing the highest heterozygosity values (D2S1338, 1318S51, and FGA) run with the Identifiler kit. The final pair of unrelated samples could be resolved with the combination of 4 STR loci: D2S1338, D18S51, FGA, and VWA. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vallone, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peter.vallone@nist.gov RI Butler, John/C-7812-2011 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA CUSTOMER RELATIONS MANAGER, BAY 15, SHANNON INDUSTRIAL ESTATE CO, CLARE, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD MAY 10 PY 2005 VL 149 IS 2-3 BP 279 EP 286 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.07.014 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 909LV UT WOS:000227862300025 PM 15749374 ER PT J AU Geis, AA Barichivich, WJ Wibbels, T Coyne, M Landry, AM Owens, D AF Geis, AA Barichivich, WJ Wibbels, T Coyne, M Landry, AM Owens, D TI Predicted sex ratio of juvenile Kemp's Ridley sea turtles captured near Steinhatchee, Florida SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID MARINE TURTLES; WATERS; REPTILES; ECOLOGY; MEXICO; WILD AB The Kemp's Ridley (Lepidochelys kempii) is one of the most endangered sea turtles in the world, and it possesses temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD). Sex ratios produced under TSD can vary widely and can affect the reproductive ecology of a population. Therefore, sex ratios produced from TSD are of ecological and conservation interest. The current study validated and utilized a testosterone radioimmunoassay (RIA) to examine the sex ratio of juvenile Kemp's Ridleys inhabiting the waters near Steinhatchee, Florida. Testosterone levels were measured in blood samples collected from juvenile Kemp's Ridleys captured over a three-year period. Results of this study indicate that a significant female bias (approximately 3.7:1) occurs in the aggregation of juvenile Kemp's Ridleys inhabiting the waters near Steinhatchee. C1 Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. USGS Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Galveston, TX 77553 USA. Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Wibbels, T (reprint author), Univ Alabama Birmingham, Dept Biol, 1300 Univ Blvd, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA. EM twibbels@uab.edu NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD MAY 9 PY 2005 IS 2 BP 393 EP 398 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 925NR UT WOS:000229060300018 ER PT J AU Herr, HD Krzysztofowicz, R AF Herr, HD Krzysztofowicz, R TI Generic probability distribution of rainfall in space: the bivariate model SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGY LA English DT Article DE precipitation; rainfall; probability; distribution; statistical analysis; multivariate analysis ID QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; GAUSSIAN RANDOM FUNCTIONS; FIELDS; APPROXIMATION AB Two variates representing either point or spatially-averaged precipitation amounts are governed by a bivariate probability distribution which has a mixed binary-continuous structure built of six elements: three constants and three functions, two univariate and one bivariate. This bivariate distribution is generic to probabilistic analyzing and forecasting of precipitation in space. This article investigates its structure and properties, constructs models of its continuous elements, and validates the models by testing them statistically on 600 pairs of variates, each representing the 24 h precipitation amount at a rain gauge in the Appalachian Mountains. The bivariate conditional (on precipitation occurrence at both points) distribution is suitably represented by the meta Gaussian model. Consequently, the bivariate distribution can be constructed from eight elements: four constants and four univariate functions. The three marginal conditional distributions of each variate obey a dominance law uncovered herein through statistical tests. This law is exploited to establish parametric transformations between the marginal conditional distributions. A potential application is demonstrated in real-time forecasting: Given four elements (two probabilities and two marginal conditional distributions) specified by a probabilistic quantitative precipitation forecast (PQPF), and given five climatic parameters, the bivariate distribution of precipitation amounts can be constructed san arbitrary assumptions. Lastly, comparisons are made between the generic bivariate distribution and the bivariate distributions implied by previously published multivariate models of precipitation fields, revealing approximations and flaws imbedded in these models. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Syst Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Stat, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Krzysztofowicz, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 East W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM rk@virginia.edu NR 18 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-1694 J9 J HYDROL JI J. Hydrol. PD MAY 9 PY 2005 VL 306 IS 1-4 BP 234 EP 263 DI 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2004.09.011 PG 30 WC Engineering, Civil; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 930KA UT WOS:000229413500015 ER PT J AU Cafiero, M Adamowicz, L AF Cafiero, M Adamowicz, L TI Non-Born-Oppenheimer molecular structure and one-particle densities for H2D+ SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXPLICITLY CORRELATED GAUSSIANS; QUANTUM-MECHANICS; LIH AB We show that the nonadiabatic (non-Born-Oppenheimer) ground state of a three-nuclei system can be effectively calculated with the use of an explicitly correlated Gaussian basis set with floating centers. Sample calculations performed for the H2D+ system with various basis set sizes show good convergence with respect to both the total energy and the expectation values of the internuclear distances (molecular geometry), the distances between the nuclei and the electrons, and between the electrons. We also provide a derivation of the formulas for one-particle density calculations and some density plots showing the spatial distribution of the H2D+ nuclear and electronic densities. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cafiero, M (reprint author), Rhodes Coll, Dept Chem, 2000 N Pkwy, Memphis, TN 38112 USA. NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD MAY 8 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 18 AR 184305 DI 10.1063/1.1891707 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 928MK UT WOS:000229275600021 PM 15918702 ER PT J AU Garcia, HE Boyer, TP Levitus, S Locarnini, RA Antonov, J AF Garcia, HE Boyer, TP Levitus, S Locarnini, RA Antonov, J TI On the variability of dissolved oxygen and apparent oxygen utilization content for the upper world ocean: 1955 to 1998 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CARBON BUDGET; CLIMATE; FLUXES AB We document variability in O-2, AOU, and heat content in the top 100 m of the world ocean ( 70 &DEG; S - 70 &DEG; N) between 1955 and 1998 using observational data. The lowest O-2 ( highest AOU) content in the late-1950s are followed by high content in the mid-1980s and by low content in the late-1990s. The O-2 and AOU content variability is characterized by relatively small linear trends superimposed on large decadal-scale fluctuations. The largest O-2 content changes occur in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). The NH exhibits a negative linear trend in O-2 content of &SIM; - 30 Tmol per decade between 1983 and 1998 and a positive linear trend of &SIM; 6 Tmol per decade between 1955 and 1998 ( 1 Tmol = 10(12) mol). The trends in O-2, AOU, and heat content are sensitive to the time frame of the measurements. The results indicate that a constant upper-ocean O-2 content inventory should not be assumed on decadal time-scales. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Garcia, HE (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, E-OC5,1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM hernan.garcia@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 7 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 9 AR L09604 DI 10.1029/2004GL022286 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 926TH UT WOS:000229145300001 ER PT J AU Randerson, JT van der Werf, GR Collatz, GJ Giglio, L Still, CJ Kasibhatla, P Miller, JB White, JWC DeFries, RS Kasischke, ES AF Randerson, JT van der Werf, GR Collatz, GJ Giglio, L Still, CJ Kasibhatla, P Miller, JB White, JWC DeFries, RS Kasischke, ES TI Fire emissions from C-3 and C-4 vegetation and their influence on interannual variability of atmospheric CO2 and delta(CO2)-C-13 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; LAND-USE; TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE; C-13 DISCRIMINATION; TROPICAL FORESTS; EL-NINO; BIOMASS; SAVANNA; ECOSYSTEMS; COMBUSTION AB [ 1] Measurements of atmospheric trace gases provide evidence that fire emissions increased during the 1997/1998 El Nino event and these emissions contributed substantially to global CO2, CO, CH4, and δ(13) CO2 anomalies. Interpretation and effective use of these atmospheric observations to assess changes in the global carbon cycle requires an understanding of the amount of biomass consumed during fires, the molar ratios of emitted trace gases, and the carbon isotope ratio of emissions. Here we used satellite data of burned area, a map of C-4 canopy cover, and a global biogeochemical model to quantitatively estimate contributions of C-3 and C-4 vegetation to fire emissions during 1997 - 2001. We found that although C-4 grasses contributed to 31% of global mean emissions over this period, they accounted for only 24% of the interannual emissions anomalies. Much of the drought and increase in fire emissions during the 1997/1998 El Nino occurred in tropical regions dominated by C-3 vegetation. As a result, the δ(13) CO2 of the global fire emissions anomaly was depleted (-23.9&PTSTHOUSND;), and explained approximately 27% of the observed atmospheric decrease in δ(13) CO2 between mid-1997 and the end of 1998 ( and 61% of the observed variance in δ(13) CO2 during 1997 - 2001). Using fire emissions that were optimized in an atmospheric CO inversion, fires explained approximately 57% of the observed atmospheric δ(13) CO2 decrease between mid-1997 and the end of 1998 ( and 72% of the variance in δ(13) CO2 during 1997 - 2001). The severe drought in tropical forests during the 1997/ 1998 El Nino appeared to allow humans to ignite fires in forested areas that were normally too moist to burn. Adjacent C-4 grasses ( in woodlands and moist savannas) also burned, but emissions were limited, in part, by aboveground biomass levels that were 2 orders of magnitude smaller than C-3 biomass levels. Reduced fuel availability in some C-4 ecosystems may have led to a negative feedback on emissions. C1 Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. FAS, USDA, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Randerson, JT (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, 3212 Croul Hall, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM jranders@uci.edu; guido.van.der.werf@falw.vu.nl; jim.collatz@nasa.gov; giglio@hades.gsfc.nasa.gov; still@icess.ucsb.edu; psk9@duke.edu; john.b.miller@noaa.gov; james.white@colorado.edu; rdefries@mail.umd.edu; ekasisch@geog.umd.edu RI Kasibhatla, Prasad/A-2574-2010; White, James/A-7845-2009; collatz, george/D-5381-2012 OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; NR 73 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD MAY 7 PY 2005 VL 19 IS 2 AR GB2019 DI 10.1029/2004GB002366 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 926TL UT WOS:000229145700002 ER PT J AU Merrifield, MA Firing, YL Aarup, T Agricole, W Brundrit, G Chang-Seng, D Farre, R Kilonsky, B Knight, W Kong, L Magori, C Manurung, P McCreery, C Mitchell, W Pillay, S Schindele, F Shillington, F Testut, L Wijeratne, EMS Caldwell, P Jardin, J Nakahara, S Porter, FY Turetsky, N AF Merrifield, MA Firing, YL Aarup, T Agricole, W Brundrit, G Chang-Seng, D Farre, R Kilonsky, B Knight, W Kong, L Magori, C Manurung, P McCreery, C Mitchell, W Pillay, S Schindele, F Shillington, F Testut, L Wijeratne, EMS Caldwell, P Jardin, J Nakahara, S Porter, FY Turetsky, N TI Tide gauge observations of the Indian Ocean tsunami, December 26, 2004 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The magnitude 9.0 earthquake centered off the west coast of northern Sumatra (3.307 &DEG; N, 95.947 &DEG; E) on December 26, 2004 at 00: 59 UTC ( United States Geological Survey (USGS) ( 2005), USGS Earthquake Hazards Program-Latest Earthquakes, Earthquake Hazards Program, http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqinthenews/2004/ usslav/, 2005) generated a series of tsunami waves that devastated coastal areas throughout the Indian Ocean. Tide gauges operated on behalf of national and international organizations recorded the wave form at a number of island and continental locations. This report summarizes the tide gauge observations of the tsunami in the Indian Ocean ( available as of January 2005) and provides a recommendation for the use of the basin-wide tide gauge network for future warnings. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. UNESCO, Intergovt Oceanog Commiss, F-75015 Paris, France. Seychelles Meteorol Serv, Victoria, Mahe, Seychelles. Univ Cape Town, Dept Oceanog, ZA-7701 Rondebosch, South Africa. S African Navy Hydrog Off, ZA-7966 Tokai, South Africa. NOAA, W Coast Alaska Tsunami Warning Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. UNESCO, IOC, Int Tsunami Informat Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Kenya Marine & Fisheries Inst, Mombasa, Kenya. Natl Coordinating Agcy Survey & Mapping BAKOSURTA, Ctr Geodesy & Geodynam, Grav & Tide Div, Bogor 16911, Indonesia. NOAA, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. Bur Meteorol, Natl Tide Ctr, Kent Town, SA 5067, Australia. CEA, Dept Anal Surveillance Environm, F-91680 Bruyeres Le Chatel, France. Lab Etud Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Natl Aquat Resources Res & Dev Agcy, Div Oceanog, Colombo 15, Sri Lanka. NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Merrifield, MA (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, 1000 Pope Rd MSB 317, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM markm@soest.hawaii.edu OI Testut, Laurent/0000-0002-3969-2919; Firing, Yvonne/0000-0002-3640-3974 NR 9 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 9 AR L09603 DI 10.1029/2005GL022610 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 926TG UT WOS:000229145200007 ER PT J AU Hagiwara, M Regnault, LP Zheludev, A Stunault, A Metoki, N Suzuki, T Suga, S Kakurai, K Koike, Y Vorderwisch, P Chung, JH AF Hagiwara, M Regnault, LP Zheludev, A Stunault, A Metoki, N Suzuki, T Suga, S Kakurai, K Koike, Y Vorderwisch, P Chung, JH TI Spin excitations in an anisotropic bond-alternating quantum S=1 chain in a magnetic field: Contrast to haldane spin chains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANTI-FERROMAGNET; ANTIFERROMAGNET; DYNAMICS; STATE AB Inelastic neutron scattering experiments on the S=1 quasi-one-dimensional bond-alternating antiferromagnet Ni(C9D24N4)(NO2)ClO4 have been performed under magnetic fields below and above a critical field H-c at which the energy gap closes. Normal field dependence of Zeeman splitting of the excited triplet modes below H-c has been observed, but the highest mode is unusually small and smears out with increasing field. This can be explained by an interaction with a low-lying two magnon continuum at q(parallel to)=pi that is present in dimerized chains but absent in uniform ones. Above H-c, we find only one excited mode, in stark contrast with three massive excitations previously observed in the structurally similar Haldane-gap material NDMAP [A. Zheludev , Phys. Rev. B 68, 134438 (2003)]. C1 RIKEN, Inst Phys & Chem Res, Wako, Saitama 3510198, Japan. CEA Grenoble, DRFMC, SPSMS, MDN, F-38054 Grenoble, France. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. JAERI, Adv Sci Res Ctr, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. Osaka Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Osaka 5650871, Japan. BENSC, Hahn Meitner Inst, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hagiwara, M (reprint author), Osaka Univ, KYOKUGEN, 1-3 Machikaneyama, Osaka 5608531, Japan. NR 28 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 17 AR 177202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.177202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 923TM UT WOS:000228932200063 PM 15904331 ER PT J AU Santra, R Arimondo, E Ido, T Greene, CH Ye, J AF Santra, R Arimondo, E Ido, T Greene, CH Ye, J TI High-accuracy optical clock via three-level coherence in neutral bosonic Sr-88 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALKALINE-EARTH ATOMS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; ION; STRONTIUM; FREQUENCY; STATE AB An optical atomic clock scheme is proposed that utilizes two lasers to establish coherent coupling between the 5s(2) S-1(0) ground state of Sr-88 and the first excited state, 5s5p P-3(0). The coupling is mediated by the broad 5s5p P-1(1) state, exploiting the phenomenon of electromagnetically induced transparency. The effective linewidth of the clock transition can be chosen at will by adjusting the laser intensity. By trapping the Sr-88 atoms in an optical lattice, long interaction times with the two lasers are ensured; Doppler and recoil effects are eliminated. Based on a careful analysis of systematic errors, a clock accuracy of better than 2x10(-17) is expected. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, ITAMP, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis E Fermi, INFM, UdR Pisa, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. RP Santra, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Y@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Greene, Chris/C-3821-2011; Santra, Robin/E-8332-2014 OI Greene, Chris/0000-0002-2096-6385; Santra, Robin/0000-0002-1442-9815 NR 21 TC 80 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 17 AR 173002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.173002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 923TM UT WOS:000228932200017 PM 15904285 ER PT J AU van Duijn, J Kim, KH Hur, N Adroja, D Adams, MA Huang, QZ Jaime, M Cheong, SW Broholm, C Perring, TG AF van Duijn, J Kim, KH Hur, N Adroja, D Adams, MA Huang, QZ Jaime, M Cheong, SW Broholm, C Perring, TG TI Inhomogeneous level splitting in Pr2-xBixRu2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RARE-EARTH; CRYSTALLINE AB We report that Bi doping drives Pr2-xBixRu2O7 from an antiferromagnetic insulator (x=0) to a metallic paramagnet (x&AP; 1) with a broad low T maximum in C/T. Neutron scattering reveals local low energy spin excitations ((h) over bar ω&AP; 1 meV) with a spectrum that is unaffected by heating to k(B)T>(h) over bar ω. We show that a continuous distribution of splittings of the non-Kramers Pr3+ ground-state doublet such as might result from various types of lattice strain can account for all the data. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Los Alamos Natl Lab, MST NHMFL, Los Alamos, NM 87544 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, CSCMR, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Phys, Seoul 151747, South Korea. RP van Duijn, J (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Hur, Namjung/G-3752-2013; Jaime, Marcelo/F-3791-2015; OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Jaime, Marcelo/0000-0001-5360-5220; van Duijn, Joost/0000-0003-2283-6477 NR 22 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 17 AR 177201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.177201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 923TM UT WOS:000228932200062 PM 15904330 ER PT J AU Yildirim, T Ciraci, S AF Yildirim, T Ciraci, S TI Titanium-decorated carbon nanotubes as a potential high-capacity hydrogen storage medium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We report a first-principles study, which demonstrates that a single Ti atom coated on a single-walled nanotube (SWNT) binds up to four hydrogen molecules. The first H-2 adsorption is dissociative with no energy barrier while the other three adsorptions are molecular with significantly elongated H-H bonds. At high Ti coverage we show that a SWNT can strongly adsorb up to 8 wt % hydrogen. These results advance our fundamental understanding of dissociative adsorption of hydrogen in nanostructures and suggest new routes to better storage and catalyst materials. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 NR 23 TC 630 Z9 642 U1 15 U2 121 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 17 AR 175501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.175501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 923TM UT WOS:000228932200041 PM 15904309 ER PT J AU Wild, M Gilgen, H Roesch, A Ohmura, A Long, CN Dutton, EG Forgan, B Kallis, A Russak, V Tsvetkov, A AF Wild, M Gilgen, H Roesch, A Ohmura, A Long, CN Dutton, EG Forgan, B Kallis, A Russak, V Tsvetkov, A TI From dimming to brightening: Decadal changes in solar radiation at Earth's surface SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-BALANCE ARCHIVE; CLIMATE AB Variations in solar radiation incident at Earth's surface profoundly affect the human and terrestrial environment. A decline in solar radiation at land surfaces has become apparent in many observational records up to 1990, a phenomenon known as global dimming. Newly available surface observations from 1990 to the present, primarily from the Northern Hemisphere, show that the dimming did not persist into the 1990s. Instead, a widespread brightening has been observed since the late 1980s. This reversal is reconcilable with changes in cloudiness and atmospheric transmission and may substantially affect surface climate, the hydrological cycle, glaciers, and ecosystems. C1 Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Bur Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. Estonian Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. Tartu Astrophys Observ, EE-61602 Toravere, Estonia. World Radiat Data Ctr, AI Voeikov Main Geophys Observ, St Petersburg 194021, Russia. RP Wild, M (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Winterthurerstr 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. EM martin.witd@env.ethz.ch RI Wild, Martin/J-8977-2012; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 24 TC 588 Z9 663 U1 13 U2 138 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 6 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5723 BP 847 EP 850 DI 10.1126/science.1103215 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 924NW UT WOS:000228986500046 PM 15879214 ER PT J AU Pinker, RT Zhang, B Dutton, EG AF Pinker, RT Zhang, B Dutton, EG TI Do satellites detect trends in surface solar radiation? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CLOUDS; IRRADIANCE; CLIMATE; ISCCP; AEROSOLS; PROJECT; BUDGET; SCALE AB Long-term variations in solar radiation at Earth's surface (S) can affect our climate, the hydrological cycle, plant photosynthesis, and solar power. Sustained decreases in S have been widely reported from about the year 1960 to 1990. Here we present an estimate of global temporal variations in S by using the longest available satellite record. We observed an overall increase in S from 1983 to 2001 at a rate of 0.16 watts per square meter (0.10%) per year; this change is a combination of a decrease until about 1990, followed by a sustained increase. The global-scale findings are consistent with recent independent satellite observations but differ in sign and magnitude from previously reported ground observations. Unlike ground stations, satellites can uniformly sample the entire globe. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pinker, RT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Meteorol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Pinker, Rachel/F-6565-2010 NR 34 TC 250 Z9 273 U1 6 U2 45 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 6 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5723 BP 850 EP 854 DI 10.1126/science.1103159 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 924NW UT WOS:000228986500047 PM 15879215 ER PT J AU Kim, BG Klein, SA Norris, JR AF Kim, BG Klein, SA Norris, JR TI Continental liquid water cloud variability and its parameterization using Atmospheric Radiation Measurement data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CIRRUS HORIZONTAL INHOMOGENEITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; RADAR OBSERVATIONS; REMOTE SENSORS; MODEL; AIRCRAFT; SCHEME AB [1] Liquid water path (LWP) variability at scales ranging from roughly 200 m to 20 km in continental boundary layer clouds is investigated using ground-based remote sensing at the Oklahoma site of the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ( ARM) program. Twelve episodes from the years of 1999 to 2001 are selected corresponding to conditions of overcast, liquid water single-layered cloud. In contrast to previous studies of marine boundary layer clouds, variability in cloud-top height in these clouds is comparable to that of cloud base, and most continental clouds appear to be subadiabatic. In agreement with previous studies of marine boundary layer clouds, variations in LWP are well related to the variations in cloud thickness. LWP variability exhibits significantly negative correlation with the static stability of the inversion near cloud top; larger cloud variability is associated with less stable inversions. A previously developed parameterization of LWP variability is extended to account for the differing conditions of continental clouds. The relationship between fluctuations in LWP and cloud thickness suggests that cloud parameterizations treating variations in LWP at these scales should include the effects of subgrid-scale fluctuations in cloud thickness. One such treatment is proposed within the context of a statistical cloud scheme. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Kim, BG (reprint author), Kangnung Natl Univ, Dept Atmospher Environm Sci, 123 Jibyeondong, Gangnung 210702, Gangwondo, South Korea. EM bgk@kangnung.ac.kr RI Norris, Joel/A-9785-2008; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Norris, Joel/0000-0003-4384-0977; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X NR 44 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 5 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D15 AR D15S08 DI 10.1029/2004JD005122 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 926TT UT WOS:000229146600001 ER PT J AU Dunlea, EJ Talukdar, RK Ravishankara, AR AF Dunlea, EJ Talukdar, RK Ravishankara, AR TI Kinetic studies of the reactions of O-2(b(1)Sigma(+)(g)) with several atmospheric molecules SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID VIBRATIONAL ENERGY-TRANSFER; GROUND-STATE O2; SINGLET OXYGEN; ULTRAVIOLET PHOTOLYSIS; FLASH-PHOTOLYSIS; EXCITED-STATES; RATE CONSTANTS; OH PRODUCTION; ODD-NITROGEN; OZONE AB Thermal rate coefficients for the removal (reaction + quenching) of O-2((1)Sigma(g)(+)) by collision with several atmospheric molecules were determined to be as follows: O-3, k(3)(210-370 K) = (3.63 +/- 0.86) x 10(-11) exp((-115 +/- 66)/T); H2O, k(4)(250-370 K) = (4.52 +/- 2.14) x 10(-12) exp((89 +/- 210)/T); N-2, k(5)(210-370 K) = (2.03 +/- 0.30) x 10(-15) exp((37 +/- 40)IT); CO2, k(6)(298 K) = (3.39 +/- 0.36) x 10(-11); CH4, k(7)(298 K) = (1.08 +/- 0.11) x 10(-13); CO, k(8)(298 K) = (3.74 +/- 0.87) x 10(-15); all units in cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). O-2((1)Sigma(g)(+)) was produced by directly exciting ground-state O-2((3)Sigma(g)(-)) with a 762 nm pulsed dye laser. The reaction of O-2((1)Sigma(g)(+)) with O-3 was used to produce O(P-3), and temporal profiles of O((3)p) were measured using VUV atomic resonance fluorescence in the presence of the reactant to determine the rate coefficients for removal of O-2((1)Sigma(g)(+)). Our results are compared with previous values, where available, and the overall trend in the O-2((1)Sigma(g)(+)) removal rate coefficients and the atmospheric implications of these rate coefficients are discussed. Additionally, an upper limit for the branching ratio of O-2((1)Sigma(g)(+)) + CO to give O(P-3) + CO, was determined to be <= 0.2 % and this reaction channel is shown to be of negligible importance in the atmosphere. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ravishankara, AR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; NR 64 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 5 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 17 BP 3912 EP 3920 DI 10.1021/jp044129x PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 922OM UT WOS:000228847300020 PM 16833709 ER PT J AU Banerjee, S Hemraj-Benny, T Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Misewich, JA Wong, SS AF Banerjee, S Hemraj-Benny, T Sambasivan, S Fischer, DA Misewich, JA Wong, SS TI Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure investigations of order in carbon nanotube-based systems SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; FIELD-EMISSION; FIBERS; GROWTH; NEXAFS; FABRICATION; INTEGRATION; CHEMISTRY; ALIGNMENT AB Probing order in nanotube systems is of fundamental importance in devising applications of these tubes in field emission applications as well as for components of composite materials. We use near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy to qualitatively and quantitatively study the degree of order and alignment in a wide range of carbon nanotube-based systems, including single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) powder, SWNT films, and aligned multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The results are compared to analogous data obtained from a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) sample. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong, SS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM sswong@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 40 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 5 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 17 BP 8489 EP 8495 DI 10.1021/jp047408t PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 922OO UT WOS:000228847500028 PM 16851997 ER PT J AU Pancras, JP Ondov, JM Zeisler, R AF Pancras, JP Ondov, JM Zeisler, R TI Multi-element electrothermal AAS determination of 11 marker elements in fine ambient aerosol slurry samples collected with SEAS-II SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE electrothermal AAS; slurry sampling; fine airborne particles; simultaneous multi-element; PM2.5 reference material ID ATOMIC-ABSORPTION-SPECTROMETRY; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; FIRED POWER-PLANTS; GRAPHITE-FURNACE; METALS; ATOMIZATION; MANGANESE; MATRIX; COPPER; US AB Multi-element simultaneous electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS) methods were developed for determining 11 elements, in three analytical groups (group-1, predominately crustal elements, Al, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Cr; group-2, tracers of coal and oil combustion as well as other anthropogenic sources, Se, As, Pb, and Ni; and group-3, tracers of municipal incinerator aerosol-Zn and Cd), in aqueous slurry of ambient fine airborne particles, collected, at 30 min intervals with the University of Maryland-Semicontinuous Elements in Aerosol Sampler-II (SEAS-II). Combined effects of acid (0.2% v/v nitric acid) and ultrasonic treatment (15 min) improved metals recovery and slurry stability. Linear calibration ranges were improved by using a 50 mL min(-1) carrier gas flow (mini-flow) during the atomization stage. However, analytical sensitivity for group-1 and 3 elements was compromised. Palladium (4 μ g) and hydrogen (5% in Argon) were found to be effective modifiers for group-1 and 2 elements. A fast furnace temperature program was developed for group-3. Detection limits for the eleven marker elements by the SEAS-II-ETAA approach were compared with traditional filter X-ray fluorescence, laser ablation-ICPMS, and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) techniques used in air quality studies. The efficacy of the analytical method was evaluated by analyzing interim urban PM2.5 reference material, collected in Baltimore, by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Gaithersburg, MD. Results obtained by the ETAAS methods agreed well with the results obtained by NIST using INAA. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pancras, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM patrick@mail.umd.edu NR 34 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD MAY 4 PY 2005 VL 538 IS 1-2 BP 303 EP 312 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2005.01.062 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 923ZO UT WOS:000228948300039 ER PT J AU Seidel, DJ Free, M Wang, JH AF Seidel, DJ Free, M Wang, JH TI Diurnal cycle of upper-air temperature estimated from radiosondes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; SURFACE; TRENDS; RANGE; STRATOSPHERE; PRESSURE; WIND; LAND AB This study estimates the amplitude and phase of the climatological diurnal cycle of temperature, from the surface to 10 hPa. The analysis is based on four-times- daily radiosonde data from 53 stations in four regions in the Northern Hemisphere, equatorial soundings from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere/Coupled Ocean Atmosphere Response Experiment, and more recent eight-times-daily radiosonde data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program's Central Facility in Oklahoma. Our results are in general qualitative agreement with earlier studies, with some quantitative differences, but provide more detail about vertical, seasonal, and geographic variations. The amplitude of the diurnal cycle (half the diurnal temperature range) is largest (1 to 4 K) at the surface. At 850 hPa and above, the regional-average amplitudes are <1 K throughout the troposphere and stratosphere. The amplitude of the diurnal cycle in the boundary layer is larger over land than over ocean, and generally larger in summer than winter (except for monsoon regions, where it is larger in the dry season). In the upper-troposphere and stratosphere, land-sea and seasonal differences are not prominent. The diurnal cycle peaks a few hours after local noon at the surface, a few hours later at 850 hPa, and somewhat earlier in the upper troposphere. The timing of the diurnal cycle peak in the stratosphere is more uncertain. Radiosonde data are also used to simulate deep-layer mean temperatures that would be observed by the satellite-borne microwave sounding unit, and the amplitude and phase of their diurnal cycles are estimated. An evaluation is made of the uncertainty in these results due to the temporal resolution of the sounding data, which is only barely adequate for resolving the first harmonic of the diurnal cycle, the precision of radiosonde temperature data, and potential biases in daytime stratospheric temperature observations. C1 NOAA R ARL, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Earth Observing Lab, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA R ARL, Air Resources Lab, 1315 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM dian.seidel@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 3 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D9 AR D09102 DI 10.1029/2004JD005526 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 926TM UT WOS:000229145800008 ER PT J AU Zhang, MH Lin, WY Klein, SA Bacmeister, JT Bony, S Cederwall, RT Del Genio, AD Hack, JJ Loeb, NG Lohmann, U Minnis, P Musat, I Pincus, R Stier, P Suarez, MJ Webb, MJ Wu, JB Xie, SC Yao, MS Zhang, JH AF Zhang, MH Lin, WY Klein, SA Bacmeister, JT Bony, S Cederwall, RT Del Genio, AD Hack, JJ Loeb, NG Lohmann, U Minnis, P Musat, I Pincus, R Stier, P Suarez, MJ Webb, MJ Wu, JB Xie, SC Yao, MS Zhang, JH TI Comparing clouds and their seasonal variations in 10 atmospheric general circulation models with satellite measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; RELAXED ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; LAYER MIXING SCHEME; CUMULUS CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; CLIMATE MODEL; MOIST CONVECTION; FRONTAL CLOUDS; HADLEY-CENTER; WATER-VAPOR AB [1] To assess the current status of climate models in simulating clouds, basic cloud climatologies from ten atmospheric general circulation models are compared with satellite measurements from the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) and the Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) program. An ISCCP simulator is employed in all models to facilitate the comparison. Models simulated a four-fold difference in high-top clouds. There are also, however, large uncertainties in satellite high thin clouds to effectively constrain the models. The majority of models only simulated 30 - 40% of middle-top clouds in the ISCCP and CERES data sets. Half of the models underestimated low clouds, while none overestimated them at a statistically significant level. When stratified in the optical thickness ranges, the majority of the models simulated optically thick clouds more than twice the satellite observations. Most models, however, underestimated optically intermediate and thin clouds. Compensations of these clouds biases are used to explain the simulated longwave and shortwave cloud radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere. Seasonal sensitivities of clouds are also analyzed to compare with observations. Models are shown to simulate seasonal variations better for high clouds than for low clouds. Latitudinal distribution of the seasonal variations correlate with satellite measurements at > 0.9, 0.6 - 0.9, and -0.2 - 0.7 levels for high, middle, and low clouds, respectively. The seasonal sensitivities of cloud types are found to strongly depend on the basic cloud climatology in the models. Models that systematically underestimate middle clouds also underestimate seasonal variations, while those that overestimate optically thick clouds also overestimate their seasonal sensitivities. Possible causes of the systematic cloud biases in the models are discussed. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Anal Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-75252 Paris, France. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Div Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. UK Met Off, Hadley Ctr Climate Predict & Res, Bracknell, Berks, England. RP Zhang, MH (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mzhang@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Stier, Philip/B-2258-2008; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Minnis, Patrick/G-1902-2010; OI Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Stier, Philip/0000-0002-1191-0128; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; Minnis, Patrick/0000-0002-4733-6148; Bony, Sandrine/0000-0002-4791-4438 NR 75 TC 219 Z9 223 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 3 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D15 AR D15S02 DI 10.1029/2004JD005021 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 926TS UT WOS:000229146500001 ER PT J AU Gelfer, MY Burger, C Chu, B Hsiao, BS Drozdov, AD Si, M Rafailovich, M Sauer, BB Gilman, JRW AF Gelfer, MY Burger, C Chu, B Hsiao, BS Drozdov, AD Si, M Rafailovich, M Sauer, BB Gilman, JRW TI Relationships between structure and rheology in model nanocomposites of ethylene-vinyl-based copolymers and organoclays SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER; POLYPROPYLENE; CRYSTALLIZATION; BEHAVIOR AB A series of nanocomposites prepared by melt-blending of Cloisite organoclays with ethyleneco-vinyl acetate (EVA) and ethylene-co-methyl acrylate (EMA) copolymers were investigated by using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravinietric analysis (TGA), and rheological techniques. SAXS and TEM results confirmed mixed clay intercalation and exfoliation in all tested nanocomposites. The melting temperature, T-m, and crystalline structure (orthorhombic) in EMA and EVA were not significantly affected by the presence of organoclays, indicating that the clay particles were predominantly confined to the amorphous phase. Rheological properties above T-m were very similar in EVA and EMA nanocomposites. Both systems exhibited pseudo-solid rheological behavior in small-strain oscillatory shear experiments, yet they could yield and flow under a steady shear, which is characteristic of physical gelation. The pseudo-solid rheological behavior in EVA and EMA nanocomposites becomes more pronounced at higher contents of organoclay and at higher temperatures. SAXS results indicated that the silicate gallery spacings (d), intercalated by EVA and EMA chains, decreased with increasing temperature. This can be attributed to the reduced compatibility between organoclay and polymer (i.e., a LCST-type phase behavior). The unusual rheological properties of the nanocomposites at high temperatures were probably due to the formation of a 3D network of clay tactoids. Novel analytic models were proposed to describe rheological data from meltlike to gellike behaviors in EVA- and EMA-organoclay nanocomposites. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. W Virginia Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res & Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hsiao, BS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM bhsiao@notes.ce.sunysb.edu NR 34 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 3 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 9 BP 3765 EP 3775 DI 10.1021/ma0475075 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 921BG UT WOS:000228738600034 ER PT J AU Lee, YH Bur, AJ Roth, SC Start, PR AF Lee, YH Bur, AJ Roth, SC Start, PR TI Accelerated alpha relaxation dynamics in the exfoliated nylon-11/clay nanocomposite observed in the melt and semicrystalline state by dielectric spectroscopy SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID GLASS-TRANSITION COOPERATIVITY; INTERMOLECULAR COOPERATIVITY; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; SEGMENTAL RELAXATION; CONDENSED MATTER; CHAIN DYNAMICS; POLYMERS; NYLON-6; BEHAVIOR; CONFINEMENT AB Melt state properties of nylon-11 and its exfoliated silicate nanocomposite were monitored during extrusion compounding using an on-line dielectric slit die sensor, and solid-state properties were probed off-line below the melting temperature by a dielectric spectrometer. A comprehensive relaxation master map for nylon-11 and its exfoliated clay nanocomposite featuring six relaxation modes in both melt and semicrystalline states revealed changes in molecular dynamics upon the addition of nanofillers. a relaxation was observed in the neat resin as well as the composite, and a Maxwell-Wagner-Sillars (MWS) relaxation was detected in the composite melt yet absent from the neat molten nylon. The MWS relaxation mode, which exhibited a broader relaxation time distribution and a much greater dielectric intensity compared to the alpha relaxation, resulted from polarization at the filler/polymer interfaces. MWS can be used to distinguish the neat polymer from the composite during real-time processing. The presence of exfoliated clay particles accelerated the a relaxation dynamics in the semicrystalline state as delaminated silicate platelets diminished the intermolecular cooperativity of the amorphous chains. Randomization of molecular dipoles upon increasing temperature was only observed in the neat nylon. Hindered molecular dipole orientation due to the rigid silicate fillers in the nanocomposite was observed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bur, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Anthony.Bur@nist.gov NR 75 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 3 PY 2005 VL 38 IS 9 BP 3828 EP 3837 DI 10.1021/ma048052m PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 921BG UT WOS:000228738600041 ER PT J AU Yang, J Kopanski, JJ Postula, A Bialkowski, M AF Yang, J Kopanski, JJ Postula, A Bialkowski, M TI Experimental investigation of interface states and photovoltaic effects on the scanning capacitance microscopy measurement for p-n junction dopant profiling SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SILICON; SPECTROSCOPY; RESOLUTION; DEVICES AB Controlled polishing procedures were used to produce both uniformly doped and p-n junction silicon samples with different interface state densities but identical oxide thicknesses. Using these samples, the effects of interface states on scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) measurements could be singled out. SCM measurements on the junction samples were performed with and without illumination from the atomic force microscopy laser. Both the interface charges and the illumination were seen to affect the SCM signal near p-n junctions significantly. SCM p-n junction dopant profiling can be achieved by avoiding or correctly modeling these two factors in the experiment and in the simulation. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Queensland, Sch Informat Technol & Elect Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, J (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Sch Informat Technol & Elect Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM yjaus2002@yahoo.com NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 2 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 18 AR 182101 DI 10.1063/1.1922077 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 928RF UT WOS:000229288700026 ER PT J AU Fry, CD Dryer, M Sun, W Deehr, CS Smith, Z Detman, TR Aran, A Lario, D Sanahuja, B Akasofu, SI AF Fry, CD Dryer, M Sun, W Deehr, CS Smith, Z Detman, TR Aran, A Lario, D Sanahuja, B Akasofu, SI TI Key links in space weather: Forecasting solar-generated shocks and proton acceleration SO AIAA JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AIAA 41st Aerospace Sciences Meeting CY JAN 06-09, 2003 CL RENO, NV SP Amer Inst Aeronaut & Astronaut ID REAL-TIME; DISTURBANCES; INTERPLANETARY; SCINTILLATION; PREDICTION; SIMULATION AB Forecasting the arrival of solar-generated shocks and accelerated protons anywhere in the heliosphere presents an awesome challenge in the new field of space weather. Currently, observations of solar wind plasmas and interplanetary magnetic fields are made at the sun-Earth libration point, L1, about 0.01 astronomical units (&SIM; 245 Earth radii) sunward of our planet. An obvious analogy is the pilot tube that protrudes ahead of a supersonic vehicle. The Advanced Composition Explorer and Solar and Heliospheric Observatory spacecraft, currently performing this function, provide about 1/2-1 to advance notice of impending arrival of interplanetary disturbances. 2 The signatures of these disturbances may be manifested as interplanetary shock waves and/or coronal mass ejecta. We describe a first-generation procedure, based on first-principles numerical modeling, that provides the key links required to increase the advance notice (or lead time) to days, or even weeks. This procedure, instituted at the start of the present solar cycle 23, involves three separate models, used in real time, to predict the arrival of solar-event-initiated interplanetary shock waves at the L1 location. We present statistical results, using L1 observations as "ground truth" for 380 events. We also briefly discuss how one of these models (Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry version 2) may be used with a model that predicts the flux and fluence of energetic particles, for energies up to 100 MeV, that are generated by these propagating interplanetary shock waves. C1 Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Space Environm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Inst Estud Espacials Catalunya, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain. Univ Barcelona, Dept Astron & Meteorol, E-08028 Barcelona, Spain. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99773 USA. RP Fry, CD (reprint author), Explorat Phys Int Inc, 6275 Univ Dr,Suite 37-105, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. EM gfry@expi.com; Murray.Dryer@noaa.gov; sun@jupiter.gi.alaska.edu; ceehr@gi.alaska.edu; Zdenka.Smith@noaa.gov; Thomas.R.Detman@noaa.gov; aaran@am.ub.es; David.Lario@jhuapl.edu; blai@am.ub.es; sakasofu@iarc.uaf.edu RI xue, yansheng/A-9712-2012; Lario, David/D-9318-2016 OI Lario, David/0000-0002-3176-8704 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0001-1452 J9 AIAA J JI AIAA J. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 987 EP 993 DI 10.2514/1.11470 PG 7 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 923AI UT WOS:000228880600006 ER PT J AU Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M Gardner, SC Seminoff, JA Riosmena-Rodriguez, R AF Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M Gardner, SC Seminoff, JA Riosmena-Rodriguez, R TI Identifying critical foraging habitats of the green turtle (Chelonia mydas) along the Pacific coast of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico SO AQUATIC CONSERVATION-MARINE AND FRESHWATER ECOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE green turtle; Baja California; eastern Pacific Ocean; food preference; ontogenetic shift ID GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; ZOSTERA-MARINA L; FEEDING ECOLOGY; DIET; MOVEMENTS; BEHAVIOR; INDEXES; OCEAN AB 1. The conservation of highly mobile and migratory species remains one of the most serious challenges to resource managers. 2. Intense mortality of immature green turtles has been identified at principal developmental-feeding habitats in Baja California, and is considered a great threat to the stability of the eastern Pacific population. Thus, coastal lagoons of the Baja California peninsula, such as Bahia Magdalena, have been identified as high priority areas for their protection. 3. Conservation efforts to date have focused on creating a sea turtle refuge in the northwestern part of the bay, but this area may not be sufficient for protecting all of the critical feeding areas used by green turtles. 4. The diet of green turtles was investigated through analysis of digestive tract contents from 24 green turtles that were drowned incidentally in fishing nets at feeding grounds in Bahia Magdalena and adjacent areas along the Pacific coast of the Baja California peninsula, Mexico. 5. Mean straight carapace length (SCL) differed significantly between localities: mean: 55.5 cm (range: 47.7-76.9 cm, n = 11) in Bahia Magdalena; mean: 67.7 cm (range: 49-87 cm, 11 = 11) in adjacent coastal waters. 6. Green turtle diet consisted largely of marine algae and seagrasses, but food items varied spatially. The red algae Gracilaria pacifica, Gracilariopsis lelnaneiformis and Hypea johnstonii were the most abundant diet items inside Bahia Magdalena, and the seagrass Phyllospadix torreyi was the most commonly ingested food in coastal areas outside of the bay. 7. Results indicate that green turtles utilize spatially distinct foraging habitats within this region. Therefore, it is recommended that any design of protected areas for sea turtles in Bahia Magdalena should consider a regional approach instead of a local approach, taking into account the most important feeding areas used by green turtles at different life stages. Copyright (c) 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste SC, La Paz 23090, Baja California, Mexico. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Autonoma Baja California, Dept Biol Marina, Programa Invest Bot Marina, La Paz 23080, Baja California, Mexico. RP Lopez-Mendilaharsu, M (reprint author), CID CEUR Karumbe, J Paullier 1198-101, Montevideo 1200, Uruguay. EM milagros@internet.com.uy NR 49 TC 49 Z9 57 U1 5 U2 44 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1052-7613 J9 AQUAT CONSERV JI Aquat. Conserv.-Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 15 IS 3 BP 259 EP 269 DI 10.1002/aqc.676 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 928XA UT WOS:000229303800005 ER PT J AU Gelsleichter, J Manire, CA Szabo, NJ Cortes, E Carlson, J Lombardi-Carlson, L AF Gelsleichter, J Manire, CA Szabo, NJ Cortes, E Carlson, J Lombardi-Carlson, L TI Organochlorine concentrations in bonnethead sharks (Sphyrna tiburo) from four Florida estuaries SO ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; OYSTERS CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; AFRICAN ATLANTIC-OCEAN; PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINES; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; 2 POPULATIONS; TAMPA BAY; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; STEROID CONCENTRATIONS; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY AB Because of their persistence in aquatic environments and ability to impair reproduction and other critical physiological processes, organochlorine (OC) contaminants pose significant health risks to marine organisms. Despite such concerns, few studies have investigated levels of OC exposure in sharks, which are fish particularly threatened by anthropoacnic pollution because of their tendency to bioaccumulate and biomagnify environmental contaminants. The present study examined concentrations of 29 OC pesticides and total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the bonnethead shark (Sphyrna tiburo), an abundant species for which evidence of reproductive impairment has been observed in certain Florida populations. Quantifiable levels of PCBs and 22 OC pesticides were detected via gas chromatography and mass spectrometry in liver of 95 S. tiburo from four estuaries on Florida's Gulf coast: Apalachicola Bay, Tampa Bay, Florida Bay, and Charlotte Harbor. In general, OC concentrations were significantly higher in Apalachicola Bay, Tampa Bay, and Charlotte Harbor S. tiburo in relation to the Florida Bay population. Because the rate of infertility has been shown to be dramatically higher in Tampa Bay versus Florida Bay S. tiburo, the present findings allude to a possible relationship between OC exposure and reproductive health that requires further investigation. Pesticide and PCB concentrations did not appear to significantly increase with growth or age in S. tiburo. suggesting limited potential for OC bioaccumulation in this species compared with other sharks for which contaminant data are available. Concentrations of OCs in serum and muscle were not correlated with those in liver, indicating that these tissues are poor surrogates for measuring internal OC burden in this species via nonlethal sampling procedures. C1 Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Shark Res, Easmobranch Physiol & Environm Biol Program, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Univ Florida, Analyt Toxicol Core Lab, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Gelsleichter, J (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Shark Res, Easmobranch Physiol & Environm Biol Program, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM jimg@mote.org RI Cortes, Enric/H-2700-2013 NR 64 TC 36 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 16 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0090-4341 J9 ARCH ENVIRON CON TOX JI Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 48 IS 4 BP 474 EP 483 DI 10.1007/s00244-003-0275-2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 930CE UT WOS:000229392600006 PM 15883671 ER PT J AU Moon, YJ Cho, KS Dryer, M Kim, YH Bong, SC Chae, J Park, YD AF Moon, YJ Cho, KS Dryer, M Kim, YH Bong, SC Chae, J Park, YD TI New geoeffective parameters of very fast halo coronal mass ejections SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : flares ID GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; SHOCK-WAVES; INTERPLANETARY; PROPAGATION; LASCO; TRANSIENTS; FLARES AB We have examined the physical characteristics of very fast coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and their geoeffective parameters. For this we consider SOHO LASCO CMEs whose speeds are larger than 1300 km s(-1). By examining all SOHO EIT and SOHO LASCO images of the CMEs, we selected 38 front-side very fast CMEs and then examined their associations with solar activity such as X-ray flares and type II bursts. As a result, we found that among these front-side fast CMEs, 25 are halo ( or full halo) CMEs with span of 360 degrees, 12 are partial halo CMEs with span greater than 130 degrees, and only one is a broadside CME, with a span of 53 degrees. There are 13 events that are shock-deflected CMEs: six are full halo CMEs, and seven are partial halo CMEs. It is found that about 60% (23/38) CMEs were ejected from the western hemisphere. We also note that these very fast CMEs have very high associations with other solar activities: all the CMEs are associated with X-ray flares (X-12, M-23, C-3), and about 80% of the CMEs (33/38) were accompanied by type II bursts. For the examination of CME geoeffectiveness, we select 12 halo CMEs whose longitudes are less than 40 degrees, which are thought to be the most plausible candidates of geoeffective CMEs. Then we examine the relation between their CME physical parameters ( mass, column density, location of an associated flare, and direction) and the Dst index. In particular, a CME direction parameter, which is defined as the maximum ratio of its shorter front from solar disk center and its longer one, is proposed as a new geoeffective parameter. Its major advantage is that it can be directly estimated from coronagraph observation. It is found that while the location of the associated flare has a poor correlation with the Dst index, the new direction parameter has a relatively good correlation. In addition, the column density of a CME also has a comparable good correlation with the Dst index. Noting that the CME column density is strongly affected by the direction of a CME, our results imply that the CME direction seems to be the most important parameter that controls the geoeffectiveness of very fast halo CMEs. C1 Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Astron Program, Seoul 151742, South Korea. NJIT, Big Bear Solar Observ, Big Bear City, CA 92314 USA. RP Moon, YJ (reprint author), Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. EM yjmoon@kasi.re.kr RI Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013 NR 28 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 624 IS 1 BP 414 EP 419 DI 10.1086/428880 PN 1 PG 6 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 918OI UT WOS:000228554200040 ER PT J AU Zhang, K Simon, CG Washburn, NR Antonucci, JM Lin-Gibson, S AF Zhang, K Simon, CG Washburn, NR Antonucci, JM Lin-Gibson, S TI In situ formation of blends by photopolymerization of poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate and polylactide SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DENTAL RESINS; CONTROLLED-RELEASE; NETWORK FORMATION; CONVERSION; COMPOSITES; ACID); MICROSPHERES; SPECTROSCOPY; MISCIBILITY; COPOLYMERS AB Blends of cross-linked poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA) and poly(D,L-lactide) (PLA) were prepared by mixing photoactive PEGDMA (molecular mass: 875 g/mol) and PLA, and subsequently photopolymerizing, the mixture with visible light. The effects of PLA molecular mass and mass fraction on the theological properties of the PEGDMA/PLA mixtures, and on the degree of methacrylate vinyl conversion (DC), as well as blend miscibility, microstructure, mechanical properties, in vitro swelling behavior, and cell responses were studied. PLA-2K (molecular mass: 2096 g/mol) and PLA-63K (molecular mass: 63 000 g/mol) formed miscible and partially miscible blends with cross-linked PEGDMA, respectively. The addition of the PLA-2K did not affect the immediate or post-cure (>24 h) DC of the PEGDMA upon photopolymerization. However, the addition of PLA-63K decreased the immediate DC of the PEGDMA, which can be increased through extending the curing time or post-curing period. Compared to the crosslinked neat PEGDMA and PLA-2K/PEGDMA blends, PLA-63K/PEGDMA blends were significantly stronger, stiffer, and tougher. Both types of blends and the cross-linked PEGDMA swelled when soaked in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. The attachment and spreading of MCT3-E1 cells increased with increasing PLA-63K content, in the blends. The facile and rapid formation of PEGDMA/PLA blends by photopolymerization represents a simple and efficient approach to a class of biomaterials with a broad spectrum of properties. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Antonucci, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.antonucci@nist.gov; slgibson@nist.gov NR 34 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 6 IS 3 BP 1615 EP 1622 DI 10.1021/bm0500648 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 926QY UT WOS:000229138900058 PM 15877385 ER PT J AU Clapham, P AF Clapham, P TI Publish or perish SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Clapham, P (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM phillip.clapham@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD MAY PY 2005 VL 55 IS 5 BP 390 EP 391 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2005)055[0390:POP]2.0.CO;2 PG 2 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 924VR UT WOS:000229009300004 ER PT J AU Banta, RM Senff, CJ Nielsen-Gammon, J Darby, LS Ryerson, TB Alvarez, RJ Sandberg, SR Williams, EJ Trainer, M AF Banta, RM Senff, CJ Nielsen-Gammon, J Darby, LS Ryerson, TB Alvarez, RJ Sandberg, SR Williams, EJ Trainer, M TI A bad air day in Houston SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID 1995 SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; LOW-LEVEL JET; SEA-BREEZE; FORECAST SYSTEM; OZONE; LAYER; LIDAR; EVOLUTION; COMPLEX; MM5 AB A case study from the Texas Air Quality Study 2000 field campaign illustrates the complex interaction of meteorological and chemical processes that produced a high-pollution event in the Houston area on 30 August 2000. High 1-h ozone concentrations of nearly 200 ppb were measured near the surface, and vertical profile data from an airborne differential-absorption lidar (DIAL) system showed that these high-ozone concentrations penetrated to heights approaching 2 km into the atmospheric boundary layer. This deep layer of pollution was transported over the surrounding countryside at night, where it then mixed out the next day to become part of the rural background levels. These background levels thus increased during the course of the multiday pollution episode. The case study illustrates many processes that numerical forecast models must faithfully represent to produce accurate quantitative predictions of peak pollutant concentrations in coastal locations such as Houston. Such accurate predictions will be required for useful air-quality forecasts for urban areas. C1 NOAA, ET2, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, ET2, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.banta@noaa.gov RI Darby, Lisa/A-8037-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Nielsen-Gammon, John/G-9771-2012; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Sandberg, Scott/I-4875-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013 OI Darby, Lisa/0000-0003-1271-0643; Nielsen-Gammon, John/0000-0001-5336-2409; NR 29 TC 110 Z9 110 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 86 IS 5 BP 657 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-86-5-657 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930LH UT WOS:000229416900021 ER PT J AU Scheuerell, MD Levin, PS Zabel, RW Williams, JG Sanderson, BL AF Scheuerell, MD Levin, PS Zabel, RW Williams, JG Sanderson, BL TI A new perspective on the importance of marine-derived nutrients to threatened stocks of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID FRESH-WATER ECOSYSTEMS; CARCASSES AB Considerable research has highlighted the important role of anadromous salmon in importing marine-derived nutrients to freshwater and riparian ecosystems. These subsidies are thought to support diverse food webs and increase the growth and survival of juvenile salmon during their freshwater residency. Quite recently, however, salmon smolts have been identified as important exporters of nutrients from freshwater ecosystems. Using a mass-balance approach, we examined the phosphorus-transport dynamics by spring/summer Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Snake River basin and estimated that net phosphorus transport into the basin over the past 40 years was < 2% of historical levels. Furthermore, a nonlinear relationship existed between nutrient import by adults and subsequent export by smolts, such that smolts exported proportionally more phosphorus as spawner abundance decreased. In 12% of years, smolts exported more than adults imported, resulting in a net loss of phosphorus from the ecosystem. This loss of marine subsidies may have caused a state shift in the productivity of the freshwater ecosystem, resulting in strong density-dependent survival observed in juvenile salmon. These results suggest that conserving this threatened stock of salmon requires the need to explicitly address the important role of marine-derived nutrients and energy in sustaining salmon populations. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Scheuerell, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mark.scheuerell@noaa.gov RI Zabel, Richard/F-7277-2015; Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Zabel, Richard/0000-0003-2315-0629; Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 NR 12 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 14 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 5 BP 961 EP 964 DI 10.1139/F05-113 PG 4 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 932ZX UT WOS:000229594600001 ER PT J AU Watson, JW Epperly, SP Shah, AK Foster, DG AF Watson, JW Epperly, SP Shah, AK Foster, DG TI Fishing methods to reduce sea turtle mortality associated with pelagic longlines SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RELEASE FISHERIES; HOOK PERFORMANCE; CARETTA-CARETTA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CIRCLE HOOK; LOGGERHEAD; MARINE; STAGE AB Changes in hook design and bait type were investigated as measures to reduce the bycatch of sea turtles on pelagic longlines in the western North Atlantic Ocean. Specifically, the effectiveness of 18/0 circle hooks and mackerel (Scomber scombrus) bait was evaluated with respect to reducing sea turtle interactions and maintaining swordfish (Xiphias gladius) and tuna (Thunnus spp.) catch rates. Individually, circle hooks and mackerel bait significantly reduced both loggerhead (Caretta caretta) and leatherback (Dermochelys coriacea) sea turtle bycatch. Circle hooks also significantly reduced the rate of hook ingestion by the loggerheads, potentially reducing postrelease mortality. The combination of circle hooks and mackerel bait was even more effective for loggerhead turtles and had no negative effect on swordfish catch. These modifications in fishing methods, in conjunction with tools developed to remove hooks and line from the turtles, significantly reduced the capture rate of sea turtles and potentially the post-hooking mortality of those that were caught and did not negatively impact the primary target species catch rate. In addition, these mitigation measures have the potential to reduce mortality of sea turtles and other bycatch species worldwide. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Merck Res Labs, Rahway, NJ 07065 USA. RP Watson, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Frederic St, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. EM john.watson@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 182 Z9 201 U1 6 U2 55 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 5 BP 965 EP 981 DI 10.1139/F05-004 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 932ZX UT WOS:000229594600002 ER PT J AU Piner, KR Hamel, OS Menkel, JL Wallace, JR Hutchinson, CE AF Piner, KR Hamel, OS Menkel, JL Wallace, JR Hutchinson, CE TI Age validation of canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) from off the Oregon coast (USA) using the bomb radiocarbon method SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PRE-BOMB; EL-NINO; OTOLITHS; OCEAN; GROWTH; SHELF AB The alternating translucent and opaque banding pattern in canary rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) otoliths, aged using a break-and-burn methodology, are annual markings. To validate age assignment, we compared measured radiocarbon levels in canary rockfish otolith cores with a reference chronology developed from known age Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis). An average 2- to 3-year phase shift was detected between the canary rockfish and a Pacific halibut reference chronology that was likely the result of differences in the regional oceanography or underageing bias. The assumption of ageing bias consistency was tested with two sampling designs. The first design controled for age-related ageing error, and the second design related birth year to estimated age. No change in the magnitude of ageing bias as a function of age was detected. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hamel, OS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM owen.hamel@noaa.gov OI Hamel, Owen/0000-0002-6024-7211 NR 27 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 20 U2 43 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA PI OTTAWA PA RESEARCH JOURNALS, MONTREAL RD, OTTAWA, ONTARIO K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1060 EP 1066 DI 10.1139/F05-082 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 932ZX UT WOS:000229594600010 ER PT J AU Holland, PT Selwood, AI Mountfort, DO Wilkins, AL McNabb, P Rhodes, LL Doucette, GJ Mikulski, CM King, KL AF Holland, PT Selwood, AI Mountfort, DO Wilkins, AL McNabb, P Rhodes, LL Doucette, GJ Mikulski, CM King, KL TI Isodomoic acid C, an unusual amnesic shellfish poisoning toxin from Pseudo-nitzschia australis SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DOMOIC ACID; CHONDRIA-ARMATA; AMINO-ACID; RED ALGA; MUSSELS; IDENTIFICATION; ISOMERS AB An unusual isomer of domoic acid (1), isodomoic acid C (2), has been found in New Zealand shellfish contaminated by amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) toxins and was shown to be produced by a local strain of the pennate diatom Pseudo-nitzschia australis. A bulk culture of this strain was used to isolate 2. The structure was determined from spectroscopic data and was shown to correspond to that of 2 from a Japanese red seaweed, the only other reported occurrence of this compound. The affinity of 2 for GluR6 glutamate receptors was 240-fold lower than for 1, indicating low neurotoxic potential. C1 Cawthron Inst, Nelson, New Zealand. Univ Waikato, Dept Chem, Hamilton, New Zealand. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Holland, PT (reprint author), Cawthron Inst, Private Bag 2, Nelson, New Zealand. EM patrick.holland@cawthron.org.nz RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 NR 17 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 18 IS 5 BP 814 EP 816 DI 10.1021/tx0496845 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 928PX UT WOS:000229285200004 PM 15892574 ER PT J AU Tsushima, Y Abe-Ouchi, A Manabe, S AF Tsushima, Y Abe-Ouchi, A Manabe, S TI Radiative damping of annual variation in global mean surface temperature: comparison between observed and simulated feedback SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CLOUD FEEDBACK; WATER-VAPOR; PROJECT AB The sensitivity of the global climate is essentially determined by the radiative damping of the global mean surface temperature anomaly through the outgoing radiation from the top of the atmosphere (TOA). Using the TOA fluxes of terrestrial and reflected solar radiation obtained from the Earth radiation budget experiment (ERBE), this study estimates the magnitude of the overall feedback, which modifies the radiative damping of the annual variation of the global mean surface temperature, and compare it with model simulations. Although the pattern of the annually varying anomaly is quite different from that of the global warming, the analysis conducted here may be used for assessing the systematic bias of the feedback that operates on the CO2-induced warming of the surface temperature. In the absence of feedback effect, the outgoing terrestrial radiation at the TOA is approximately follows the Stefan-Boltzmann's fourth power of the planetary emission temperature. However, it deviates significantly from the blackbody radiation due to various feedbacks involving water vapor and cloud cover. In addition, the reflected solar radiation is altered by the feedbacks involving sea ice, snow and cloud, thereby affecting the radiative damping of surface temperature. The analysis of ERBE reveals that the radiative damping is weakened by as much as 70% due to the overall effect of feedbacks, and is only 30% of what is expected for the blackbody with the planetary emission temperature. Similar feedback analysis is conducted for three general circulation models of the atmosphere, which was used for the study of cloud feedback in the preceding study. The sign and magnitude of the overall feedback in the three models are similar to those of the observed. However, when it is subdivided into solar and terrestrial components, they are quite different from the observation mainly due to the failure of the models to simulate individually the solar and terrestrial components of the cloud feedback. It is therefore desirable to make the similar comparison not only for the overall feedback but also for its individual components such as albedo- and cloud-feedbacks. Although the pattern of the annually-varying anomaly is quite different from that of global warming, the methodology of the comparative analysis presented here may be used for the identification of the systematic bias of the overall feedback in a model. A proposal is made for the estimation of the best guess value of climate sensitivity using the outputs from many climate models submitted to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. C1 Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Meguro Ku, Tokyo 1538904, Japan. RP Tsushima, Y (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Frontier Res Ctr Global Change, Kanazawa Ku, 3173-25 Showamachi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. EM tsussi@jamstec.go.jp RI Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/M-6359-2013 OI Abe-Ouchi, Ayako/0000-0003-1745-5952 NR 15 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 24 IS 6 BP 591 EP 597 DI 10.1007/s00382-005-0002-y PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 939SB UT WOS:000230091600004 ER PT J AU Boulahya, M Cerda, MS Pratt, M Sponberg, K AF Boulahya, M Cerda, MS Pratt, M Sponberg, K TI Climate, communications, and innovative technologies: Potential impacts and sustainability of new radio and internet linkages in rural african communities SO CLIMATIC CHANGE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Reductin Vulnerability of Agriculture and Forestry to Climate Variability and Climate Change CY OCT 00, 2002-MAY 30, 2003 CL Ljubljana, SLOVENIA SP WMO, Asia Pacific Network Global Change Res, Canadian Int Dev Agcy, Ctr Techn Cooperat Agricole & Rurale, CTA, Environm Agcy Republic Slovenia, Republic Slovenia, Minist Agr, Forestry & Food, Republic Slovenia, Minist Environm, Spatial Planning & Energy, FAO, Fondazione Meterorologia Applicata, Lab Meteorol & Climatol, USDA, UNEP, UCEA C1 African Ctr Meteorol Applicat Dev, Niamey, Niger. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. USAID, Washington, DC USA. NOAA, Climate Informat Project, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Boulahya, M (reprint author), African Ctr Meteorol Applicat Dev, Niamey, Niger. EM kelly.sponberg@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-0009 J9 CLIMATIC CHANGE JI Clim. Change PD MAY PY 2005 VL 70 IS 1-2 BP 299 EP 310 DI 10.1007/s10584-005-5639-3 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 942EG UT WOS:000230265100015 ER PT J AU Van Uytfanghe, K Thienpont, LM Marriot, JC Stokes, P Siekmann, L Kessler, A Bunk, D Tai, S AF Van Uytfanghe, K Thienpont, LM Marriot, JC Stokes, P Siekmann, L Kessler, A Bunk, D Tai, S TI Eu project G6RD-CT-2001-00587: Report on the establishment of a reference measurement system for total thyroxine in human serum SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT European Congress of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EUROMEDLAB 2005) CY MAY 08-12, 2005 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP IFCC, FESCC C1 State Univ Ghent, Analyt Chem Lab, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Lab Govt Chemist, Teddington, Middx, England. Univ Bonn, Inst Clin Biochem, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Katleen.vanuytfanghe@ugent.be NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 355 SU S BP S280 EP S281 PG 2 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 928DD UT WOS:000229250401363 ER PT J AU Van Uytfanghe, K Thienpont, LM Marriot, J Stokes, P Siekmann, L Kessler, A Bunk, D Tai, S AF Van Uytfanghe, K Thienpont, LM Marriot, J Stokes, P Siekmann, L Kessler, A Bunk, D Tai, S TI Eu-project G6RD-CT-2001-00587: A method comparison study for total thyroxine in human serum SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT European Congress of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine (EUROMEDLAB 2005) CY MAY 08-12, 2005 CL Glasgow, SCOTLAND SP IFCC, FESCC C1 State Univ Ghent, Analyt Chem Lab, Fac Pharmaceut Sci, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium. Lab Govt Chemist, Teddington, Middx, England. Univ Bonn, Inst Clin Biochem, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Katleen.vanuytfanghe@ugent.be NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 355 SU S BP S280 EP S280 PG 1 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 928DD UT WOS:000229250401362 ER PT J AU Jones, A Deshmukh, A AF Jones, A Deshmukh, A TI Test beds for complex systems SO COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM LA English DT Article C1 NIST, Enterprise Syst Grp, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Jones, A (reprint author), NIST, Enterprise Syst Grp, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM albert.jones@nist.gov; deshmukh@ecs.umass.edu NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036 USA SN 0001-0782 J9 COMMUN ACM JI Commun. ACM PD MAY PY 2005 VL 48 IS 5 BP 45 EP 50 DI 10.1145/1060710.1060738 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 929QC UT WOS:000229359800016 ER PT J AU Aretxabaleta, A Manning, J Werner, FE Smith, K Blanton, BO Lynch, DR AF Aretxabaleta, A Manning, J Werner, FE Smith, K Blanton, BO Lynch, DR TI Data assimilative hindcast on the Southern Flank of Georges Bank during May 1999: frontal circulation and implications SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE data assimilation; Georges Bank; tidal front; modeling; hindcast ID QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; SHELF-SEA FRONTS; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; FISH LARVAE; TIDAL-FRONT; WIND-DRIVEN; PART I; OCEAN; GULF AB The circulation of the tidal front along the Southern Flank of the Georges Bank region during May 1999 is examined for the purpose of understanding the transport of larval fish for periods of days to a week. Assimilation of shipboard ADCP data from several Georges Bank cruises into 3-D models is used to produce the hindcast circulation. Adjustments to boundary nodal elevations are estimated to minimize the misfit between model and observations both in frequency and time domains as described in Lynch and Hannah (J. Atmos. Oceanic Technol 18 (2001) 962) and Lynch and Naimic (Cont. Shelf Res. 22 (2002) 2191). An intercomparison of different methods of applying the adjustments is completed using drifter records and dye patch trajectories to provide a measure of skill. The computed flow fields show a skill of 2.4 km day(-1) when compared to (unassimilated) drifter trajectories. The tracking of a dye-patch recovers an observed near-bottom cross-bank flow component that is not present without assimilation. Using these flow fields we then investigate the importance of the front as a retention mechanism using passive particle simulations. Wind, heat flux, and tides control the circulation across and along the tidal mixing front. Three 3-day time periods, before, during and after a wind event during May 1999 were studied. Model simulations suggest a highly variable cell-like circulation in the frontal region (onshore near the bottom, upwelling shoalward of the front, offshore at mid-depth and downwelling seaward of the front) that controls the exchange and retention of particles. During the periods when the cell-like circulation is active the highest accumulation of particles occurs in the areas surrounding the front. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. Dartmouth Coll, Thayer Sch Engn, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Aretxabaleta, A (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM alfredo@unc.edu OI Blanton, Brian/0000-0002-3162-2799; Aretxabaleta, Alfredo/0000-0002-9914-8018 NR 78 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 7-8 BP 849 EP 874 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.09.024 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 919MU UT WOS:000228623000007 ER PT J AU Baptista, AM Zhang, YL Chawla, A Zulauf, M Seaton, C Myers, EP Kindle, J Wilkin, M Burla, M Turner, PJ AF Baptista, AM Zhang, YL Chawla, A Zulauf, M Seaton, C Myers, EP Kindle, J Wilkin, M Burla, M Turner, PJ TI A cross-scale model for 3D baroclinic circulation in estuary-plume-shelf systems: II. Application to the Columbia River SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE mathematical modeling; ocean; coastal; and estuarine circulation; Eulerian-Lagrangian methods; finite volumes; finite differences; semi-implicit methods ID SALINITY; OCEAN AB This article is the second of a two-part paper on ELCIRC, an Eulerian-Lagrangian finite difference/finite volume model designed to simulate 3D baroclinic circulation across river-to-ocean scales. In part one (Zhang et al., 2004), we described the formulation of ELCIRC and assessed its baseline numerical skill. Here, we describe the application of ELCIRC within CORIE, a coastal margin observatory for the Columbia River estuary and plume. We first introduce the CORIE modeling system and its multiple modes of simulation, external forcings, observational controls, and automated products. We then focus on the evaluation of highly resolved, year-long ELCIRC simulations, using two variables (water level and salinity) to illustrate simulation quality and sensitivity to modeling choices. We show that, process-wise, simulations capture well important aspects of the response of estuarine and plume circulation to ocean, river, and atmospheric forcings. Quantitatively, water levels are robustly represented, while salinity intrusion and plume dynamics remain challenging. Our analysis highlights the benefits of conducting model evaluations over large time windows (months to years), to avoid significant localized biases. The robustness and computational efficiency of ELCIRC has proved invaluable in identifying and reducing non-algorithmic sources of errors, including parameterization (e.g., turbulence closure and stresses at the airwater interface) and external forcings (e.g., ocean conditions and atmospheric forcings). (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Off Coastal Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. USN, Res Lab, Ocean Sci Branch, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Baptista, AM (reprint author), Oregon Hlth Sci Univ, OGI Sch Sci & Engn, 20000 NW Walker Rd, Beaverton, OR 97006 USA. EM baptista@ccalmr.ogi.edu RI Baptista, Antonio/A-4070-2016; OI Seaton, Charles/0000-0002-3031-839X; Baptista, Antonio/0000-0002-7641-5937 NR 39 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 7-8 BP 935 EP 972 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2004.012.003 PG 38 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 919MU UT WOS:000228623000010 ER PT J AU Belov, A Garcia, H Kurt, V Mavromichalaki, E AF Belov, A Garcia, H Kurt, V Mavromichalaki, E TI Proton events and X-ray flares in the last three solar cycles SO COSMIC RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ANISOTROPIC DIFFUSION; ENERGETIC PARTICLES; COSMIC RAYS; SHOCK; MYTH AB A database joining the available information about proton enhancements near the Earth and their possible solar sources is organized on the basis of proton measurements of the GOES and IMP-8 satellites, the data of neutron monitors, and GOES X-ray measurements. One thousand one hundred and forty-four proton events with energy > 10 MeV have been selected in the period from 1975 to 2003. More than a half of these events can be reliably related to X-ray solar flares. A statistical analysis shows the probability of observing solar protons near the Earth and their maximum flux value to be strongly dependent on the importance of a flare and its heliolongitude. Proton events are recorded after all suitably located (western) flares with X-ray importance > X5. The heliolongitude of a flare predetermines the character of the time profile of proton events in many respects. The relationship of proton events with the other characteristics of flares is established. The flares associated with proton enhancements are characterized by longer duration, slower rise to the X-ray maximum, smaller temperature, and larger length of the X-ray loops. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Pushkov Inst Terr Magnetism Ionosphere & Radio Wa, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Oblast, Russia. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Skobeltsyn Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119899, Russia. Univ Athens, Dept Phys, Nucl & Particle Phys Sect, Athens 15571, Greece. RP Belov, A (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Pushkov Inst Terr Magnetism Ionosphere & Radio Wa, Troitsk 142190, Moscow Oblast, Russia. NR 51 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA PI NEW YORK PA C/O KLUWER ACADEMIC-PLENUM PUBLISHERS, 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 0010-9525 J9 COSMIC RES+ JI Cosmic Res. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 43 IS 3 BP 165 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s10604-005-0031-7 PG 14 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Engineering; Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 946LX UT WOS:000230574800002 ER PT J AU Delcroix, T McPhaden, MJ Dessier, A Gouriou, Y AF Delcroix, T McPhaden, MJ Dessier, A Gouriou, Y TI Time and space scales for sea surface salinity in the tropical oceans SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE sea surface salinity; tropical oceans; ENSO; seasonal cycles; GODAE ID WESTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; NORTH PACIFIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; WARM POOL; TEMPERATURE; ATLANTIC; CURRENTS; ARRAY; CONVERGENCE AB All unprecedented compilation Of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) data collected in the three tropical oceans (30&DEG; N-30&DEG; S) is examined for the period 1970-2003. The SSS data Lire derived mainly from 13 trans-oceanic Voluntary Observing Ship tracks and from 35 TAO/TRITON and 13 PIRATA mooring sites. Owing to the climatic importance of SSS, the data are used to present an overview of SSS variability, to evaluate the SSS time and space scales, and to assess the ability of the present in situ (and future satellite) observing system to adequately resolve the variability of interest. After quality control procedures. SSS is analyzed both as gridded fields (2&DEG; longitude, 1&DEG; latitude, 1 month) and Lis high-resolution records (0.02 latitude/longitude and one clay). The gridded fields Lire used to describe the mean, standard deviation, and seasonal SSS cycle. as well Lis to estimate the characteristic scales for SSS. Results show that the monthly standard deviation of SSS mostly ranges within 0.1-0.3, except in regions with strong seasonal cycles (e.g., in the Atlantic and Pacific Inter-Tropical Convergence Zones and south of India) or prominent ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation) signals (e.g. in [lie western Pacific warm pool and in the South Pacific Convergence Zone) where standard deviations can range from 0.4 up to 1.4. The time scale for SSS is generally less than 3 months, while it reaches 4-8 months in regions where the variability is controlled mostly by ENSO. The meridional scale for SSS is generally 2-3&DEG; latittide, increasing to 4-7&DEG; latitude in the western Pacific warm pool and poleward of 10-20&DEG; latitude. The zonal scale for SSS is 15-20&DEG; longitude in the equatorial Pacific and in the South Pacific Convergence Zone (SPCZ), and 4-7&DEG; longitude along 8-10&DEG; N in the Indian Ocean. Decorrelation scales in the western Pacific warm pool tend to be smaller during La Nina time periods, with values approaching those found for the central Pacific. The signal to noise ratios are on average of the order of 1-1.5, meaning that part of the variability is not resolved from gridded fields. High-resolution records are thus used to assess the short time/space SSS variability on time and space scales shorter than the above-noted grid sizes. It is shown that the mean expected variability of SSS over a period of 10 days in a 1&DEG; latitude and 2&DEG; longitude box (i.e., the resolution requirement for the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE)) is about 0.2, with, however, notable regional differences in this value. The implications of this short time/space variability are discussed in the context of the 0.1 SSS GODAE accuracy requirement. © 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 IRD, LEGOS, UMR 5566, F-31400 Toulouse, France. NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. IRD, F-29280 Plouzane, France. RP Delcroix, T (reprint author), IRD, LEGOS, UMR 5566, 14 Ave Ed Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM Thierry.Delcroix@cnes.fr RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; Delcroix, Thierry/I-6103-2016 OI Delcroix, Thierry/0000-0002-8850-4865 NR 70 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 787 EP 813 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2004.11.012 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 923ZT UT WOS:000228948800007 ER PT J AU Merico, A Tyrrell, T Lessard, EJ Oguz, T Stabeno, PJ Zeeman, SI Whitledge, TE AF Merico, A Tyrrell, T Lessard, EJ Oguz, T Stabeno, PJ Zeeman, SI Whitledge, TE TI Erratum to "modelling phytoplankton succession on the Bering Sea shelf: role of climate influences and trophic interactions in generating Emiliania huxleyi blooms 1997-2000" (vol 51, pg 1803, 2004) SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Correction C1 Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, Erdemli, Turkey. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ New England, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Merico, A (reprint author), Southampton Oceanog Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci, European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM a.merico@soc.soton.ac.uk NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 881 EP 882 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2005.01.004 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 923ZT UT WOS:000228948800012 ER PT J AU Fukada, H Ozaki, Y Pierce, AL Adachi, S Yamauchi, K Hara, A Swanson, P Dickhoff, WW AF Fukada, H Ozaki, Y Pierce, AL Adachi, S Yamauchi, K Hara, A Swanson, P Dickhoff, WW TI Identification of the salmon somatolactin receptor, a new member of the cytokine receptor family SO ENDOCRINOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GROWTH-HORMONE RECEPTOR; DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX SOMATOLACTIN; RAINBOW-TROUT; PROLACTIN-RECEPTOR; EXTRACELLULAR DOMAIN; COHO SALMON; PITUITARY PROTEIN; PLASMA-LEVELS; CDNA CLONING AB Somatolactin (SL) is a pituitary hormone of the GH/prolactin (PRL) family that so far has been found only in fish. Compared with GH and PRL, the primary structure of SL is highly conserved among divergent fish species, suggesting it has an important function and a discriminating receptor that constrains structural change. However, SL functions are poorly understood, and receptors for SL have not yet been identified. During cloning of GH receptor cDNA from salmon, we found a variant with relatively high ( 38 - 58%) sequence identity to vertebrate GH receptors and low ( 28 - 33%) identity to PRL receptors; however, the recombinant protein encoding the extracellular domain showed only weak binding of GH. Ligand binding of the recombinant extracellular domain for this receptor confirmed that the cDNA encoded a specific receptor for SL. The SL receptor (SLR) has common features of a GH receptor including FGEFS motif, six cysteine residues in the extracellular domain, a single transmembrane region, and Box 1 and 2 regions in the intracellular domain. These structural characteristics place the SLR in the cytokine receptor type I homodimeric group, which includes receptors for GH, PRL, erythropoietin, thrombopoietin, granulocyte-colony stimulating factor, and leptin. Transcripts for SLR were found in 11 tissues with highest levels in liver and fat, supporting the notion that a major function of SL is regulation of lipid metabolism. Cloning SLR cDNA opens the way for discovery of new SL functions and target tissues in fish, and perhaps novel members of this receptor family in other vertebrates. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. Washington State Univ, Ctr Reprod Biol, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. RP Fukada, H (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM walton.w.dickhoff@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 61 Z9 64 U1 0 U2 2 PU ENDOCRINE SOC PI CHEVY CHASE PA 8401 CONNECTICUT AVE, SUITE 900, CHEVY CHASE, MD 20815-5817 USA SN 0013-7227 J9 ENDOCRINOLOGY JI Endocrinology PD MAY PY 2005 VL 146 IS 5 BP 2354 EP 2361 DI 10.1210/en.2004-1578 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 917GK UT WOS:000228444300029 PM 15718271 ER PT J AU Tuerk, KJS Kucklick, JR McFee, WE Pugh, RS Becker, PR AF Tuerk, KJS Kucklick, JR McFee, WE Pugh, RS Becker, PR TI Factors influencing persistent organic pollutant concentrations in the atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dolphin; metabolism; life history; persistent organic pollutant; northwest Atlantic ocean ID POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYL CONGENERS; WHALES BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; UNITED-STATES; ST-LAWRENCE; ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; REPRODUCTIVE TRANSFER; PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; HARBOR PORPOISES AB Assessing the trends of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in cetaceans is difficult because of age and gender influences on accumulation. Persistent organic pollutants bioaccumulate and are poorly metabolized; hence, concentrations may increase with age in males while females reduce their POP burden through parturition and lactation. Age and gender effects on contaminant concentrations are species specific because of life history and reproductive strategies. These influences must be understood in order to elucidate and assess lifetime POP exposure. The objectives of this study were to determine baseline POP concentrations in blubber samples front the Atlantic white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus acutus) and to investigate life history and other influences, such as metabolism, on these concentrations. Forty-seven L. acutus blubber samples collected from mass stranding events in Massachusetts, USA (1993-2000), and archived in the National Marine Mammal Tissue Bank at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Gaithersburg, MID, USA) were analyzed for 55 polychlorinated biphenyl congeners (PCB; 55 congeners), five polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners, and organochlorine pesticides (toxaphene, DDT and metabolites, mirex, dieldrin, chlordanes, hexachlorocyclohexanes, hexachlorobenzene, and endosulfans) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Ages for 19 animals were determined from growth layer groups on decalcified, stained thin tooth sections. Total PCBs (Sigma PCB; sum of 55 congeners were the contaminants present in the highest concentrations in all age classes (0.5-63 mu g/g wet mass) followed by sum of DDTs (0.50-43 mu g/g wet mass), toxaphene (0.055-31 mu g/g wet mass), chlordanes (0.30-24 mu g/g wet mass), and PBDEs (0. 12-4.0 mu g/g wet mass). Body length had a greater statistical influence than age on contaminant burdens in L. acatus. Contaminant burdens decreased with length in both male and female L. acutus, suggesting metabolic elimination and/or growth dilution in males and off-loading via lactation in females. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Holmar, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth & Sci, Columbia, SC 29205 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Kucklick, JR (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Holmar, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.kucklick@nist.gov NR 55 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 15 PU SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 24 IS 5 BP 1079 EP 1087 DI 10.1897/04-120R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 919OJ UT WOS:000228627100010 PM 16110985 ER PT J AU Chaka, AM Lo, CS Trainor, T AF Chaka, AM Lo, CS Trainor, T TI Predicting the impact of the environment on the structure and chemistry of metal oxide surfaces SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM anne.chaka@nist.gov; cynthia.lo@nist.gov; fftpt@uaf.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A39 EP A39 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700077 ER PT J AU Fahey, AJ Mahoney, C Gillen, G AF Fahey, AJ Mahoney, C Gillen, G TI Applications of SIMS Microanalysis at NIST SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM albert.fahey@nist.gov; christine.mahoney@nist.gov; greg.gillen@nist.gov RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A527 EP A527 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701436 ER PT J AU Feely, RA Takahashi, T Wanninkhof, R AF Feely, RA Takahashi, T Wanninkhof, R TI Sources and sinks of carbon dioxide in the surface oceans SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. AOML, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A723 EP A723 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399702221 ER PT J AU Lo, CS Chaka, AM Trainor, TP AF Lo, CS Chaka, AM Trainor, TP TI Structures of the clean and hydroxylated alpha-Fe2O3 (0001) and (1(1)over-bar02) surfaces: A density functional theory investigation SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM cynthia.lo@nist.gov; anne.chaka@nist.gov; fftpt@uaf.edu NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A497 EP A497 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701377 ER PT J AU Newbury, DE AF Newbury, DE TI SEM/EDS x-ray spectrum imaging above 100 kHz with the silicon drift detector (SDD), and how to locate the proverbial needle in a haystack, even when you don't know it's a needle that you are seeking! SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.newbury@nist.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A587 EP A587 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701550 ER PT J AU Ridley, MK Machesky, ML Hackely, VA AF Ridley, MK Machesky, ML Hackely, VA TI Surface charge development at the interface of nanocyrstalline-anatase and aqueous solutions SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM moira.ridley@ttu.edu; machesky@sws.uiuc.edu; vince.hackley@nist.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A47 EP A47 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700093 ER PT J AU Russell, AD Schmidt, ML Spero, HJ Anderson, DM AF Russell, AD Schmidt, ML Spero, HJ Anderson, DM TI Timing of glacial changes in SST and pCO(2) from foraminiferal U/Ca, Mg/Ca and delta O-18 in a Caribbean core SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 NOAA, Paleoclimatol Branch, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Geol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RI anderson, david/E-6416-2011 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A125 EP A125 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399700243 ER PT J AU Trainor, TP Eng, PJ Chaka, AM Lo, CS Tanwar, K Ghose, SK Brown, GE Catalano, JG Waychunas, GA Tempelton, AS AF Trainor, TP Eng, PJ Chaka, AM Lo, CS Tanwar, K Ghose, SK Brown, GE Catalano, JG Waychunas, GA Tempelton, AS TI Structure and reactivity of hydroxylated hematite surfaces: Application of surface x-ray diffraction and spectroscopy SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 15th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY MAY, 2005 CL Moscow, ID C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Env Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Environm Res, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Earth Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Biol Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM fftpt@uaf.edu; eng@cars.uchicago.edu; anne.chaka@nist.gov; cynthia.lo@nist.gov; ftkjt@uaf.edu; ghose@cars.uchicago.edu; gordon@pangea.stanford.edu; catalano@anl.gov; gawaychunas@lbl.gov; atempleton@ucsd.edu RI Catalano, Jeffrey/A-8322-2013 OI Catalano, Jeffrey/0000-0001-9311-977X NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD MAY PY 2005 VL 69 IS 10 SU S BP A486 EP A486 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 930EX UT WOS:000229399701355 ER PT J AU Gilmanov, TG Tieszen, LL Wylie, BK Flanagan, LB Frank, AB Haferkamp, MR Meyers, TP Morgan, JA AF Gilmanov, TG Tieszen, LL Wylie, BK Flanagan, LB Frank, AB Haferkamp, MR Meyers, TP Morgan, JA TI Integration of CO2 flux and remotely-sensed data for primary production and ecosystem respiration analyses in the Northern Great Plains: potential for quantitative spatial extrapolation SO GLOBAL ECOLOGY AND BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE ecosystem respiration; ecosystem-scale light response functions; gross primary production; net CO2 flux partitioning; net ecosystem CO2 exchange; normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); Northern Great Plains grasslands; phenomenological modelling; tower CO2 flux measurements ID LEAF-AREA INDEX; CARBON-DIOXIDE EXCHANGE; GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTION; DIFFERENCE VEGETATION INDEX; INTERCEPTED SOLAR-RADIATION; SAGEBRUSH-STEPPE ECOSYSTEM; NATIVE TALLGRASS PRAIRIE; NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; USE EFFICIENCY AB Aim Extrapolation of tower CO2 fluxes will be greatly facilitated if robust relationships between flux components and remotely sensed factors are established. Long-term measurements at five Northern Great Plains locations were used to obtain relationships between CO2 fluxes and photosynthetically active radiation (Q), other on-site factors, and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from the SPOT VEGETATION data set. Location CO2 flux data from the following stations and years were analysed: Lethbridge, Alberta 1998-2001; Fort Peck, MT 2000, 2002; Miles City, MT 2000-01; Mandan, ND 1999-2001; and Cheyenne, WY 1997-98. results Analyses based on light-response functions allowed partitioning net CO2 flux (F) into gross primary productivity (P-g) and ecosystem respiration (R-e). Weekly averages of daytime respiration, γ(day), estimated from light responses were closely correlated with weekly averages of measured night-time respiration, γ(night) (R-2 0.64 to 0.95). Daytime respiration tended to be higher than night-time respiration, and regressions of γ(day) on γ(night) for all sites were different from 1 : 1 relationships. Over 13 site-years, gross primary production varied from 459 to 2491 g CO2 m(-2) year(-1), ecosystem respiration from 996 to 1881 g CO2 m(-2) year(-1), and net ecosystem exchange from -537 (source) to +610 g CO2 m(-2) year(-1) (sink). Maximum daily ecological light-use efficiencies, ε(d,max) = P-g/Q, were in the range 0.014 to 0.032 mol CO2 (mol incident quanta)(-1). Main conclusions Ten-day average P-g was significantly more highly correlated with NDVI than 10-day average daytime flux, P-d (R-2 = 0.46 to 0.77 for P-g-NDVI and 0.05 to 0.58 for P-d-NDVI relationships). Ten-day average R-e was also positively correlated with NDVI, with R-2 values from 0.57 to 0.77. Patterns of the relationships of P-g and R-e with NDVI and other factors indicate possibilities for establishing multivariate functions allowing scaling-up local fluxes to larger areas using GIS data, temporal NDVI, and other factors. C1 S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. USGS EROS Data Ctr, SAIC, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. Univ Lethbridge, Dept Biol Sci, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada. ARS, No Great Plains Res Lab, USDA, Mandan, ND 58554 USA. ARS, USDA, Ft Keogh LARRL, Miles City, MT 59301 USA. NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, ARL, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. USDA ARS Rangeland Resources Res, Nat Resources Res Ctr, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Gilmanov, TG (reprint author), S Dakota State Univ, Dept Biol & Microbiol, Ag Hall 304,Box 2207B, Brookings, SD 57007 USA. EM tagir_gilmanov@sdstate.edu RI Flanagan, Lawrence/B-1307-2013; Wylie, Bruce/H-3182-2014; Meyers, Tilden/C-6633-2016 OI Flanagan, Lawrence/0000-0003-1748-0306; Wylie, Bruce/0000-0002-7374-1083; NR 130 TC 88 Z9 95 U1 3 U2 43 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING LTD PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1466-822X J9 GLOBAL ECOL BIOGEOGR JI Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 14 IS 3 BP 271 EP 292 DI 10.1111/j.1466-822x.2005.00151.x PG 22 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 924XN UT WOS:000229014400007 ER PT J AU Pibida, L Minniti, R O'Brien, A Unterweger, A AF Pibida, L Minniti, R O'Brien, A Unterweger, A TI Test of radiation detectors used in homeland security applications SO HEALTH PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE operational topic; detector, radiation; safety standards; radiation protection ID GAMMA-RAY BEAMS; AIR AB This work was performed as part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) program to support the development of the new American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards N42.32-2003 and N42.33-2003 for handheld detectors, and personal electronic dosimeters, as well as to support the Office of Law Enforcement Standards (OLES) and the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in testing these types of detectors for their use by first responders. These instruments are required to operate over a photon energy range of 60 keV to 1.33 MeV and over a wide range of air-kerma rates. The performance and response of various radiation detectors, purchased by the NIST, was recorded when placed in Co-60, Cs-137, and x-ray beams at different air-kerma rates. The measurements described in this report were performed at the NIST x-ray and gamma-ray radiation calibration facilities. The instruments' response (exposure or dose rate readings) shows strong energy dependence but almost no dependence to different air-kerma rates. The data here reported provide a benchmark in support of current protocols that are being developed for radiation detection instrumentation used in homeland security applications. A future plan is to test these devices, plus other commercially available detectors, against ANSI standards N42.32-2003 and N42.33-2003. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Unterweger, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bureau Dr Stop 8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM leticia.pibida@nist.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU LIPPINCOTT WILLIAMS & WILKINS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT ST, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-3621 USA SN 0017-9078 EI 1538-5159 J9 HEALTH PHYS JI Health Phys. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 88 IS 5 SU S BP S84 EP S90 DI 10.1097/01.HP.0000156062.92296.38 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 918FQ UT WOS:000228528100007 PM 15824588 ER PT J AU Polovina, JJ Howell, EA AF Polovina, JJ Howell, EA TI Ecosystem indicators derived from satellite remotely sensed oceanographic data for the North Pacific SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantitative Ecosystem Indicators for Fisheries Management CY MAR 31-APR 03, 2004 CL UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss, Paris, FRANCE SP Sci Comm Ocean Res HO UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss DE altimetry; ecosystem indicators; empirical orthogonal function; ocean colour; satellite oceanography; sea surface temperature ID TROPICAL PACIFIC; MIGRATION; CHLOROPHYLL; HABITAT; HEIGHT; FORAGE; OCEAN AB Satellite remotely sensed oceanographic data provide reliable global ocean coverage of sea surface temperature, sea surface height, surface winds, and ocean colour, with relatively high spatial and temporal resolution. We illustrate approaches to use these data to construct indicators that describe aspects of ecosystem dynamics in the North Pacific. Specifically, altimetry data are used to construct regional indicators of the ocean vertical structure, ocean colour data to describe the temporal chlorophyll dynamics of the coastal zone, ocean colour, sea surface temperature, and altimetry data to develop indices of biologically important ocean features, and finally altimetry data to drive a larval transport model and develop an index of larval retention. Recent changes in the North Pacific based on these indices are discussed. (c) 2004 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Ecosyst & Oceanog Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Polovina, JJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Ecosyst & Oceanog Div, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Jeffrey.Polovina@noaa.gov OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 11 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 319 EP 327 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.07.031 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 920QT UT WOS:000228705900003 ER PT J AU Rodionov, S Overland, JE AF Rodionov, S Overland, JE TI Application of a sequential regime shift detection method to the Bering Sea ecosystem SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantitative Ecosystem Indicators for Fisheries Management CY MAR 31-APR 03, 2004 CL UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss, Paris, FRANCE SP Sci Comm Ocean Res HO UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss DE Bering Sea; ecosystem; regime shift; sequential analysis; t-test ID NORTH-PACIFIC; CLIMATE REGIME; OSCILLATION AB A common problem of existing methods for regime shift detection is their poor performance at the ends of time-series. Consequently, shifts in environmental and biological indices are usually detected long after their actual appearance. A recently introduced method based on sequential t-test analysis of regime shifts (STARS) treats all incoming data in real time, signals the possibility of a regime shift as soon as possible, then monitors how perception of the magnitude of the shift changes over time. Results of a STARS application to the eastern Bering Sea ecosystem show how the 1989 and 1998 regime shifts manifest themselves in biotic and abiotic indices in comparison with the 1977 shift. (c) 2005 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rodionov, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Sergei.Rodionov@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 137 Z9 149 U1 1 U2 33 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 328 EP 332 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2005.01.013 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 920QT UT WOS:000228705900004 ER PT J AU Mueter, FJ Megrey, BA AF Mueter, FJ Megrey, BA TI Distribution of population-based indicators across multiple taxa to assess the status of Gulf of Alaska and Bering Sea groundfish communities SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantitative Ecosystem Indicators for Fisheries Management CY MAR 31-APR 03, 2004 CL UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss, Paris, FRANCE SP Sci Comm Ocean Res HO UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss DE Bering Sea; catch per unit effort; demersal community; frequency of occurrence; Gulf of Alaska; mean individual weight; randomization test; simulation envelope ID FISH COMMUNITY; NORTH-SEA; MANAGEMENT; FISHERIES; IMPACT; SHELF AB Ecosystem-based approaches to fisheries management require researchers and managers to take into account effects of fishing on other components of the ecosystem, including non-commercial species. Currently, stock assessments in the Northeast Pacific are limited to the most important commercial species, little being known about the status of non-commercial species. Nevertheless, standardized bottom-trawl surveys conducted in the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) and Gulf of Alaska (GoA), although primarily designed to assess commercial species, provide valuable information on the abundance, distribution, and mean weight of numerous taxa. Using a novel statistical approach and survey data for the years 1993-2003, we examined trends in catch per unit effort (cpue), frequency of occurrence, and mean weight of individuals for each taxon. Time trends were computed as the slope of a linear regression of each indicator on year, and were summarized separately for the eastern and western GoA and for the EBS. Within each system, trends were further compared between commercial and non-commercial taxa. Simulations were used to obtain reference distributions for the expected distribution of slopes across many dependent populations. Observed distributions of trends were compared with simulated distributions, suggesting that more taxa than expected showed a decreasing trend in cpue in the EBS, but not in the GoA. These trends likely resulted from low groundfish productivity in the EBS during the 1990s. At the same time, the frequency of occurrence of significantly more taxa than expected increased in the EBS and, to a lesser extent, in the western GoA. Increases in frequency of occurrence were much more common among non-commercial, invertebrate taxa, and may be a response to reductions in trawl fishing effort during the 1990s. (c) 2004 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mueter, FJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, POB 354235, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM fmueter@alaska.net NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 344 EP 352 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.11.006 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 920QT UT WOS:000228705900007 ER PT J AU Ault, JS Smith, SG Bohnsack, JA AF Ault, JS Smith, SG Bohnsack, JA TI Evaluation of average length as an estimator of exploitation status for the Florida coral-reef fish community SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantitative Ecosystem Indicators for Fisheries Management CY MAR 31-APR 03, 2004 CL UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss, Paris, FRANCE SP Sci Comm Ocean Res HO UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss DE average size; coral-reef fish; exploitation; Florida Keys ID PRODUCTION-MODEL; MARINE; STOCKS AB Simulation and empirical analyses were conducted to evaluate the utility and robustness of average length (Lbar) of animals in the exploited population as an estimator of fishing mortality (F), and therefore as an indicator of exploitation status for Florida coral-reef fish. Simulation results showed that the Lbar estimator of fishing mortality was relatively insensitive to trends in recruitment, and demonstrated favourable proper-ties for detecting statistical differences between sustainable and non-sustainable rates of exploitation. Rates of F estimated from fishery-dependent size composition data were comparable to F estimates from catch-and-effort time-series. Average length was also estimated from fishery-independent diver surveys for 22 species in the exploited snapper-grouper complex. A majority of snapper-grouper species are currently fished unsustainably in the Florida Keys, though overfishing appears most severe for long-lived, slow-growing fish. (c) 2004 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Ault, JS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jault@rsmas.miami.edu RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008 OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007 NR 31 TC 50 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 417 EP 423 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.12.001 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 920QT UT WOS:000228705900017 ER PT J AU Link, JS AF Link, JS TI Translating ecosystem indicators into decision criteria SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantitative Ecosystem Indicators for Fisheries Management CY MAR 31-APR 03, 2004 CL UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss, Paris, FRANCE SP Sci Comm Ocean Res HO UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss DE control rules; decision theoretic frameworks; ecological processes; ecosystem approaches; ecosystem management; ecosystem overfishing; fisheries ID SUSTAINABLE FOREST MANAGEMENT; FISH COMMUNITY; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; SIZE-SPECTRA; CORAL-REEFS; BLACK-SEA; NORTH-SEA; MNEMIOPSIS-LEIDYI; REFERENCE POINTS AB Defining and attaining suitable management goals probably represent the most difficult part of ecosystem-based fisheries management, To achieve those goals we ultimately need to define ecosystem overfishing in a way that is analogous to the concept used in single-species management. Ecosystem-based control rules can then be formulated when various ecosystem indicators are evaluated with respect to fishing-induced changes. However, these multi-attribute control rules will be less straightforward than those applied typically in single-species management, and may represent a gradient rather than binary decision criteria. Some ecosystem-based decision criteria are suggested, based on indicators empirically derived from the Georges Bank, Gulf of Maine ecosystem. Further development in the translation of ecosystem indicators into decision criteria is one of the major areas for progress in fisheries science and management. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. C1 NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Link, JS (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jason.link@noaa.gov NR 91 TC 135 Z9 138 U1 4 U2 36 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 569 EP 576 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.12.015 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 920QT UT WOS:000228705900034 ER PT J AU Livingston, PA Aydin, K Boldt, J Ianelli, J Jurado-Molina, J AF Livingston, PA Aydin, K Boldt, J Ianelli, J Jurado-Molina, J TI A framework for ecosystem impacts assessment using an indicator approach SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Quantitative Ecosystem Indicators for Fisheries Management CY MAR 31-APR 03, 2004 CL UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss, Paris, FRANCE SP Sci Comm Ocean Res HO UNESCO, Intergovernmental Oceanog Commiss DE assessment framework; ecosystem impacts; ecosystem indicators; ecosystem models ID MIXED-SPECIES FISHERIES; MODELS; MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGY; SEA AB Assessment of the historical, present, and future states of marine ecosystems and the effects that humans and climate have on the state of an ecosystem are crucial to the scientific advice required to implement an ecosystem-based fishery management system. Management of federal groundfish fisheries in Alaska considers not just the target fishery, but also the possible impact those fisheries might have on other species and the ecosystem. Management actions have ranged from providing protection of endangered species in the region to preventing new fisheries from starting on key foodweb components such as forage fish. A scientific framework for providing ecosystem-based advice that puts the ecosystem first has been evolving over the past few years. This framework provides a way of assessing ecosystem factors that influence target species, the impact the target fishery may have on associated species, and ecosystem-level impacts of fishing. An indicator approach that describes ecosystem status, and trends and measures of human and climate influence has been developed to provide advice to fishery managers. This approach is now being expanded to utilize a variety of models to predict possible future trends in various ecosystem indicators. Future implementation challenges include the refinement of these predictive models, and the inclusion of climate into the models. Identification of sensitive and meaningful ecosystem indicators is also required before a more formalized decision-making process, one that includes ecosystem considerations, can be developed. Most important, the culture of fishery management and research organizations needs to change to embrace the ecosystem-based protections already mandated by various laws. (c) 2004 International Council for the Exploration of the Sea. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Livingston, PA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM pat.livingston@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 3 BP 592 EP 597 DI 10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.12.016 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 920QT UT WOS:000228705900037 ER PT J AU Fuks, IM AF Fuks, IM TI High-frequency asymptotic solutions for backscattering by cylinders with conic section directrixes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE backscattering cross section; electromagnetic wave diffraction; high-frequency asymptotics; polarization ratio ID DIFFRACTION AB High-frequency asymptotic expansions are derived for electric and magnetic fields backscattered from a perfectly conducting smooth two-dimensional surface illuminated by a plane incident wave in two cases of TE and TM linear polarizations. Diffraction corrections up to the second order of the inverse large parameter p = ak (where a is a curvature radius at the specularly reflecting point, and k is a field wave number) to the geometrical optics fields, and specifically to their phases, backscattering cross sections (HH and VV for TE and TM polarizations, correspondingly), as well as the polarization ratio HH/VV, are derived for the specular points of a general form. These general results are applied to backscattering from cylinders with conical section directrixes (circle, parabola, ellipse, and hyperbola), and a number of new compact explicit equations are derived, especially for elliptic and hyperbolic cylinders illuminated at an arbitrary incidence angle relative to their axes of symmetry. C1 Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fuks, IM (reprint author), Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM iosif.fuks@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1653 EP 1662 DI 10.1109/TAP.2005.846803 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 924ML UT WOS:000228982800008 ER PT J AU Hill, DA AF Hill, DA TI Boundary fields in reverberation chambers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE boundary fields; electric field; ensemble average; magnetic field; probability density functions; reverberation chamber; test volume ID MODE-STIRRED CHAMBER AB A previous plane-wave integral representation for fields in a reverberation chamber is extended to analyze fields near the boundaries of a rectangular chamber. The field point can be located near a single wall, a right-angle bend, or a right-angle corner. Multiple image theory is used to ensure exact boundary conditions. Expressions for the ensemble average of the squares of the electric and magnetic field components illustrate the evolution of the fields from the chamber boundary to the center of the chamber where the fields are statistically uniform. The results are relevant to the useful test volume of rectangular reverberation chambers or, equivalently, how far test objects must be located from chamber walls to obtain a uniform test field. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hill, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 16 TC 32 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 47 IS 2 BP 281 EP 290 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2005.847370 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 929HV UT WOS:000229333600009 ER PT J AU Pierdicca, N Marzano, FS Hallikainen, MT Pampaloni, P Westwater, ER AF Pierdicca, N Marzano, FS Hallikainen, MT Pampaloni, P Westwater, ER TI Foreword to the special issue on the 8th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications (MicroRad04) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Editorial Material C1 CETEMPS, Ctr Excellence, Dept Elect Engn, I-67040 Laquila, Italy. HUT, Lab Space Technol, Espoo 02015, Finland. CNR, Inst Appl Phys, CNR, IFAC, I-00184 Rome, Italy. Univ Colorado, NOAA, ETL, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Pierdicca, N (reprint author), CETEMPS, Ctr Excellence, Dept Elect Engn, I-67040 Laquila, Italy. RI Hallikainen, Martti/A-4201-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 919 EP 923 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2005.848050 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 920ES UT WOS:000228672800001 ER PT J AU Mattioli, V Westwater, ER Gutman, SI Morris, VR AF Mattioli, V Westwater, ER Gutman, SI Morris, VR TI Forward model studies of water vapor using scanning microwave radiometers, global positioning system, and radiosondes during the cloudiness intercomparison experiment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications CY FEB 24-27, 2004 CL Univ Rome La Sapienza, Engn Coll, Rome, ITALY HO Univ Rome La Sapienza, Engn Coll DE Global Positioning System (GPS); microwave propagation; microwave radiometry; radiometric accuracy; water vapor ID ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; GPS; METEOROLOGY; HUMIDITY; PROGRAM; NETWORK; DESIGN; ERRORS AB Brightness temperatures computed from five absorption models and radiosonde observations were analyzed by comparing them with measurements from three microwave radiometers at 23.8 and 31.4 GHz. Data were obtained during the Cloudiness Inter-Comparison Experiment at the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's (ARM) site in North-Central Oklahoma in 2003. The radiometers were calibrated using two procedures, the so-called instantaneous "tipcal" method and an automatic self-calibration algorithm. Measurements from the radiometers were in agreement, with less than a 0.4-K rms difference during clear skies, when the instantaneous method was applied. Brightness temperatures from the radiometer and the radiosonde showed a bias difference of less than 0.69 K when the most recent absorption models were considered. Precipitable water vapor (PWV) computed from the radiometers were also compared to the PWV derived from a Global Positioning System station that operates at the ARM site. The instruments agree to within 0.1 cm in PWV retrieval. C1 Univ Perugia, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, I-06125 Perugia, Italy. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. US DOE, Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. NOAA, Forecast Syst Lab, GPS, Met Observ Syst Branch, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Mattioli, V (reprint author), Univ Perugia, Dept Elect & Informat Engn, I-06125 Perugia, Italy. EM mattioli@diei.unipg.it; Ed.R.Westwater@noaa.gov; Seth.I.Gutman@noaa.gov; victor.morris@pnl.gov NR 34 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1012 EP 1021 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.839926 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 920ES UT WOS:000228672800010 ER PT J AU Ferraro, RR Weng, FZ Grody, NC Zhao, LM Meng, H Kongoli, C Pellegrino, P Qiu, S Dean, C AF Ferraro, RR Weng, FZ Grody, NC Zhao, LM Meng, H Kongoli, C Pellegrino, P Qiu, S Dean, C TI NOAA operational hydrological products derived from the advanced microwave sounding unit SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications CY FEB 24-27, 2004 CL Univ Rome La Sapienza, Engn Coll, Rome, ITALY HO Univ Rome La Sapienza, Engn Coll DE hydrology; meteorology; microwave radiometry; remote sensing; satellite ID CLOUD LIQUID WATER; PRECIPITATION CHARACTERISTICS; SSM/I; LAND; SENSOR; IDENTIFICATION; PARAMETERS; RETRIEVAL; SNOWCOVER; SURFACE AB With the launch of the NOAA-15 satellite in May 1998, a new generation of passive microwave sounders was initiated. The Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), with 20 channels spanning the frequency range from 23-183 GHz, offers enhanced temperature and moisture sounding capability well beyond its predecessor, the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU). In addition, by utilizing a number of window channels on the AMSU, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) expanded the capability of the AMSU beyond this original purpose and developed a new suite of products that are generated through the Microwave Surface and Precipitation Products System (MSPPS). This includes precipitation rate, total precipitable water, land surface emissivity, and snow cover. Details on the current status of the retrieval algorithms (as of September 2004) are presented. These products are complimentary to similar products obtained from the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSMI) and the Earth Observing Aqua Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E). Due to the close orbital equatorial crossing time between NOAA-16 and the Aqua satellites, comparisons between several of the MSPPS products are made with AMSR-E. Finally, several application examples are presented that demonstrate their importance to weather forecasting and analysis, and climate monitoring. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Ferraro, RR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Ralph.R.Ferraro@noaa.gov; Fuzhong.Weng@noaa.gov; Norman.Grody@noaa.gov; Limin.Zhao@noaa.gov; Huan.Meng@noaa.gov; Cezar.Kongol@noaa.gov; Paul.Pellegrino@noaa.gov; Shuang.Qiu@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010; Meng, Huan/F-5613-2010; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179; Meng, Huan/0000-0001-6449-890X; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135 NR 33 TC 93 Z9 95 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1036 EP 1049 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.843249 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 920ES UT WOS:000228672800013 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Weng, FZ AF Liu, QH Weng, FZ TI One-dimensional variational retrieval algorithm of temperature, water vapor, and cloud water profiles from Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing Applications CY FEB 24-27, 2004 CL Univ Rome La Sapienza, Engn Coll, Rome, ITALY HO Univ Rome La Sapienza, Engn Coll DE Advance Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU); one-dimensional variation (1D-var) ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSMITTANCE; ABSORBING GAS; HURRICANE; OPTRAN AB The measurements from satellite microwave imaging and sounding channels are simultaneously utilized through a one-dimensional (1-D) variation method (1D-var) to retrieve the profiles of atmospheric temperature, water vapor and cloud water. Since the radiative transfer model in this 1D-var procedure includes scattering and emission from the earth's atmosphere, the retrieval can perform well under all weather conditions. The iterative procedure is optimized to minimize computational demands and to achieve better accuracy. At first, the profiles of temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water are derived using only the AMSU-A measurements at frequencies less than 60 GHz. The second step Is to retrieve rain and ice water using the AMSU-B measurements at 89 and 150 GHz. Finally, all AMSU-A/B sounding channels at 50-60 and 183 GHz are utilized to further refine the profiles of temperature and water vapor while the profiles of cloud, rain, and ice water contents are constrained to those previously derived. It is shown that the radiative transfer model including multiple scattering from clouds and precipitation can significantly improve the accuracy for retrieving temperature, moisture and cloud water. In hurricane conditions, an emission-based radiative transfer model tends to produce unrealistic temperature anomalies throughout the atmosphere. With a scattering-based radiative transfer model, the derived temperature profiles agree well with those observed from aircraft dropsondes. C1 QSS Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Off Res & Applicat, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Sensor Phys Branch, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), QSS Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Quanhua.Liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD MAY PY 2005 VL 43 IS 5 BP 1087 EP 1095 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2004.84321 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 920ES UT WOS:000228672800018 ER PT J AU Alejos, O Della Torre, E AF Alejos, O Della Torre, E TI The generalized cobweb method SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MAGNETICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th IEEE Biennial Conference on Electromagnetic Field Computation CY JUN 06-09, 2004 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IEEE Magnet Soc, Seoul Natl Univ DE cobweb method; hard magnetic materials; hysteresis; Preisach model AB The Generalized Cobweb Method is presented as a technique to improve the accuracy and speed of calculations of the magnetization of hard magnetic materials that can be successfully described by means of the Preisach model. These calculations are usually carried out by a direct integration of the Preisach probability distribution over a certain area. However, this integration can be replaced by a faster and more accurate procedure based on the definition of a grid on the Preisach plane. The paper gives the steps to create these grids for a general probability distribution, and some details on how to use them to calculate the magnetization of the simulated system. C1 Univ Valladolid, Dept Elect & Elect, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain. George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Alejos, O (reprint author), Univ Valladolid, Dept Elect & Elect, E-47071 Valladolid, Spain. RI Alejos, Oscar/K-5745-2014 NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9464 J9 IEEE T MAGN JI IEEE Trans. Magn. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 41 IS 5 BP 1552 EP 1555 DI 10.1109/TMAG.2005.845054 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 925WN UT WOS:000229084200050 ER PT J AU Waters, KR Mobley, J Miller, JG AF Waters, KR Mobley, J Miller, JG TI Causality-imposed (Kramers-Kronig) relationships between attenuation and dispersion SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY POWER-LAW; DERIVATIVE ANALYTICITY RELATIONS; BROAD-BAND MEASUREMENTS; TIME-DOMAIN; ULTRASONIC-ATTENUATION; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; PHASE-VELOCITY; ALBUNEX(R) SUSPENSIONS; OPTICAL THEOREM; MEDIA AB Causality imposes restrictions on both the time-domain and frequency-domain responses of a system. The Kramers-Kronig (K-K) relations relate the real and imaginary parts of the frequency-domain response. In ultrasonics, K-K relations often are used to link attenuation and dispersion. We review both integral and differential forms of the frequency-domain K-K relations that are relevant to theoretical models and laboratory measurements. We consider two methods for implementing integral K-K relations for the case of finite-bandwidth data, namely, extrapolation of data and restriction of integration limits. For the latter approach, we discuss the accuracy of K-K predictions for specific classes of system behavior and how the truncation of the integrals affects this accuracy. We demonstrate the accurate prediction of attenuation and dispersion using several forms of the K-K relations relevant to experimental measurements of media with attenuation coefficients obeying a frequency power law and media consisting of resonant scatterers. We also review the time-causal relations that describe the time-domain consequences of causality in the wave equation. These relations can be thought of as time-domain analogs of the (frequency-domain) K-K relations. Causality-imposed relations, such as the K-K and time-causal relations, provide useful tools for the analysis of measurements and models of acoustic systems. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Reliabil Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Phys, Lab Ultrason, St Louis, MO 63130 USA. RP Waters, KR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Reliabil Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM krwaters@boulder/nist.gov NR 81 TC 63 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 12 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD MAY PY 2005 VL 52 IS 5 BP 822 EP 833 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2005.1503968 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 936MO UT WOS:000229860300013 PM 16048183 ER PT J AU Marcy, TP Gao, RS Northway, MJ Popp, PJ Stark, H Fahey, DW AF Marcy, TP Gao, RS Northway, MJ Popp, PJ Stark, H Fahey, DW TI Using chemical ionization mass spectrometry for detection of HNO3, HOl, and CIONO2 in the atmosphere SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE chemical ionisation; atmospheric; HCl; nitric acid ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; GAS-PHASE REACTIONS; LOWER STRATOSPHERE; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; NITRIC-ACID; ELECTRON-ATTACHMENT; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SF5CF3; HCL; AIR AB Ion chemistry schemes involving three different reagent ions are described for measuring nitric acid (HNO3), hydrochloric acid (HCI), and chlorine nitrate (ClONO2) in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere using chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS). These schemes were evaluated in the laboratory for sensitivity and selectivity of the neutral species. The use of one scheme, based on the SF5- reagent ion. is described for airborne measurements. Initial atmospheric measurements show that HNO3, HCl, and ClONO2 can be measured using SF5- with high precision and accuracy. (c) 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Marcy, TP (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway R-AL6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Timothy.P.Marcy@noaa.gov RI Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013 OI Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 243 IS 1 BP 63 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.11.012 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 919HC UT WOS:000228608000005 ER PT J AU Guo, S Wan, KT Dillard, DA AF Guo, S Wan, KT Dillard, DA TI A bending-to-stretching analysis of the blister test in the presence of tensile residual stress SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE blister test; thin film; residual stress; delamination; bending; stretching; adhesion; fracture mechanics; coating ID ENERGY-RELEASE RATES; FRACTURE-MECHANICS; THIN-FILMS; MEMBRANE BEHAVIOR; ADHESION; TRANSITION; PRESSURES; TOUGHNESS; CRACKS; PLATE AB The adhesion of films and coatings to rigid substrates is often measured using blister geometries, which are loaded either by an applied pressure or a central shaft. The measurement will be affected if there are residual stresses that make a contribution to the energy release rate. This effect is investigated using analytical solutions based on the principle of virtual displacements. A geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis is conducted for comparison. Furthermore, the relationships among strain energy release rate, load, deflection, and fracture radius are discussed in detail. Both analytical solutions and numerical results reveal that uniform tensile residual stresses reduce a specimen's deflection if it experiences plate behavior under small loads. However, this effect becomes negligible when membrane stresses induced by the loading become dominant. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Dillard, DA (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymer, 100 Bureau Dr,Mail Stop 8542, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shu.guo@nist.gov; wankt@umr.edu; dillard@vt.edu RI Dillard, David/C-3185-2012 OI Dillard, David/0000-0002-2903-9318 NR 36 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 42 IS 9-10 BP 2771 EP 2784 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2004.10.007 PG 14 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 896QE UT WOS:000226947800016 ER PT J AU May, EF Moldover, MR Schmidt, JW AF May, EF Moldover, MR Schmidt, JW TI The dielectric permittivity of saturated liquid carbon dioxide and propane measured using cross capacitors SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE carbon dioxide; cross capacitors; dielectric constant; permittivity; polarizability; propane; saturated liquid ID NATURAL-GAS; CONSTANT; TEMPERATURE; POINT AB Relative dielectric permittivities epsilon(r) of saturated liquid carbon dioxide (CO2) and propane (C3H8) were measured using well-characterized cross capacitors in the range 260K < T < 300 K. The molar polarizability p(sat) = (epsilon(r) - 1)/[(epsilon(r) + 2) rho(sat)] of CO2 was calculated using the equation of state of Span and Wagner to convert our values of the saturation vapor pressure psat to values of the saturated liquid density.sat. In the range 260K < T < 300 K, rho(sat) = (7.659 +/- 0.001) cm(3) (.) mol(-1). The systematic difference between measurements made with two different capacitors was 0.001 cm(3) (.) mol(-1); this difference is equivalent to a shift of 12 mK in the liquid temperature. The uncertainty of p(sat) from the equation of state of CO2 is approximately 0.002 cm(3) (.) mol(-1). Our values of p(sat) for CO2 are consistent with the results of Moriyoshi et al. and of May et al.; however, our values are 0.5% larger than the values determined by Haynes. For saturated liquid propane, our values of epsilon(r) agree with the values of Haynes and Younglove within the combined uncertainty of 0.0003. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moldover, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.moldover@nist.gov RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 26 IS 3 BP 563 EP 576 DI 10.1007/s10765-005-5565-7 PG 14 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 963II UT WOS:000231797300001 ER PT J AU Ryzhkov, AV Schuur, TJ Burgess, DW Zrnic, DS AF Ryzhkov, AV Schuur, TJ Burgess, DW Zrnic, DS TI Polarimetric tornado detection SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADAR MEASUREMENTS; WEATHER RADAR; STORM AB Polarimetric radars are shown to be capable of tornado detection through the recognition of tornadic debris signatures that are characterized by the anomalously low cross-correlation coefficient rho(hv) and differential reflectivity Z(DR). This capability is demonstrated for three significant tornadic storms that struck the Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, metropolitan area. The first tornadic debris signature, based on the measurements with the National Severe Storms Laboratory's Cimarron polarimetric radar, was reported for a storm on 3 May 1999. Similar signatures were identified for two significant tornadic events during the Joint Polarization Experiment (JPOLE) in May 2003. The data from these storms were collected with a polarimetric prototype of the Next-Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD). In addition to a small-scale debris signature, larger-scale polarimetric signatures that might be relevant to tornadogenesis were persistently observed in tornadic supercells. The latter signatures are likely associated with lofted light debris (leaves, grass, dust, etc.) in the inflow region and intense size sorting of hydrometeors in the presence of strong wind shear and circulation. C1 CIMMS, NSSL, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Ryzhkov, AV (reprint author), CIMMS, NSSL, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM alexander.ryzhkov@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 557 EP 570 DI 10.1175/JAM2235.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938KX UT WOS:000230003400001 ER PT J AU Cimorelli, AJ Perry, SG Venkatram, A Weil, JC Paine, RJ Wilson, RB Lee, RF Peters, WD Brode, RW AF Cimorelli, AJ Perry, SG Venkatram, A Weil, JC Paine, RJ Wilson, RB Lee, RF Peters, WD Brode, RW TI AERMOD: A dispersion model for industrial source applications. Part I: General model formulation and boundary layer characterization SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID URBAN HEAT-ISLAND; PLUME DISPERSION; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; VERTICAL DISPERSION; INVERSION; LENGTH AB The formulation of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulatory Model (AERMOD) Improvement Committee's applied air dispersion model is described. This is the first of two articles describing the model and its performance. Part I includes AERMOD's characterization of the boundary layer with computation of the Monin-Obukhov length, surface friction velocity, surface roughness length, sensible heat flux, convective scaling velocity, and both the shear- and convection-driven mixing heights. These parameters are used in conjunction with meteorological measurements to characterize the vertical structure of the wind, temperature, and turbulence. AERMOD's method for considering both the vertical inhomogeneity of the meteorological characteristics and the influence of terrain are explained. The model's concentration estimates are based on a steady-state plume approach with significant improvements over commonly applied regulatory dispersion models. Complex terrain influences are provided by combining a horizontal plume state and a terrain-following state. Dispersion algorithms are specified for convective and stable conditions, urban and rural areas, and in the influence of buildings and other structures. Part II goes on to describe the performance of AERMOD against 17 field study databases. C1 US Environm Protect Agcy, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. ENSR Int, Westford, MA USA. US EPA, Seattle, WA USA. US EPA, OAQPS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. MACTEC Fed Programs Inc, Durham, England. RP US Environm Protect Agcy, Reg 3,1650 Arch St, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA. EM cimorelli.alan@epa.gov NR 69 TC 169 Z9 172 U1 3 U2 61 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 682 EP 693 DI 10.1175/JAM2227.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938KX UT WOS:000230003400009 ER PT J AU Perry, SG Cimorelli, AJ Paine, RJ Brode, RW Weil, JC Venkatram, A Wilson, RB Lee, RF Peters, WD AF Perry, SG Cimorelli, AJ Paine, RJ Brode, RW Weil, JC Venkatram, A Wilson, RB Lee, RF Peters, WD TI AERMOD: A dispersion model for industrial source applications. Part II: Model performance against 17 field study databases SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; PLUME DISPERSION; COMPLEX TOPOGRAPHY; SIMULATION; CTDMPLUS AB The performance of the American Meteorological Society (AMS) and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Regulatory Model (AERMOD) Improvement Committee's applied air dispersion model against 17 field study databases is described. AERMOD is a steady-state plume model with significant improvements over commonly applied regulatory models. The databases are characterized, and the performance measures are described. Emphasis is placed on statistics that demonstrate the model's abilities to reproduce the upper end of the concentration distribution. This is most important for applied regulatory modeling. The field measurements are characterized by flat and complex terrain, urban and rural conditions, and elevated and surface releases with and without building wake effects. As is indicated by comparisons of modeled and observed concentration distributions, with few exceptions AERMOD's performance is superior to that of the other applied models tested. This is the second of two articles, with the first describing the model formulations. C1 US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. ENSR Int, Westford, MA USA. MACTEC Fed Programs Inc, Durham, NC USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Calif Riverside, Coll Engn, Riverside, CA USA. US EPA, OAQPS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Perry, SG (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA, Air Resources Lab, MD-81, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM perry.steven@epa.gov NR 42 TC 79 Z9 84 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8763 J9 J APPL METEOROL JI J. Appl. Meteorol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 44 IS 5 BP 694 EP 708 DI 10.1175/JAM2228.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 938KX UT WOS:000230003400010 ER PT J AU Zheng, LYA Barrera, EV Shull, RD AF Zheng, LYA Barrera, EV Shull, RD TI Magnetic properties of the Co-C-60 and Fe-C-60 nanocrystalline magnetic thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article AB The basic magnetic properties of Co-C-60 and Fe-C-60 nanocrystalline magnetic thin films and the temperature effects on these properties have been investigated. Experimental results show that the Co-C-60 films possess an in-plane magnetic anisotropy, but such an anisotropy is not found in the Fe-C-60 films. At room temperature, the magnetic coercivity decreases with increasing C-60 concentration in the Co-C-60 films while it increases with increasing C-60 concentration in the Fe-C-60 film. Strong temperature-dependent remanence and saturation magnetization are found in both the Co-C-60 and Fe-C-60 films with high C-60 concentration due to the nanosize grain effects. The effects of temperature on the coercivity of the Co-C-60 and Fe-C-60 films are different and determined by the intrinsic magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy of Co and Fe, respectively. (C) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Rice Univ, Dept Mech Engn & Mat Sci, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Micron Technol Inc, 9600 Godwin Dr, Manassas, VA 20110 USA. EM lazheng@micron.com RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013 NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 97 IS 9 AR 094309 DI 10.1063/1.1886271 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 926WY UT WOS:000229155600083 ER PT J AU McCollum, JR Ferraro, RR AF McCollum, JR Ferraro, RR TI Microwave rainfall estimation over coasts SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; AMSR-E; PRECIPITATION; ALGORITHMS; RETRIEVAL; SSM/I; IMAGER AB The microwave coastal rain identification procedure that has been used by NASA for over 10 yr, and also more recently by NOAA, for different instruments beginning with the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), is updated for use with Tropical Rainfall Measurling Mission (TRMM) Microwave Imager (TMI) and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR)-[Earth Observing System (EOS)] E microwave data. Since the development of the SSM/I algorithm, a wealth of both space-based and ground-based radar-rainfall estimates have become available, and here some of these data are used with collocated TMI and AMSR-E data to improve the estimation of coastal rain areas from microwave data. Two major improvements are made. The first involves finding the conditions where positive rain rates should be estimated rather than leaving the areas without estimates as in the previous algorithm. The second is a modification to the final step of the rain identification method; previously, a straight brightness temperature cutoff was used, but this is modified to a polarization-corrected temperature criterion. These modifications are made for the TRMM version 6 product release and the third (1 September) release of AMSR-E products to the public, both in 2004. The modifications are slightly different for each of these two sensors. C1 Univ Maryland, CICS, ESSIC, NOAA, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP McCollum, JR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, CICS, ESSIC, NOAA, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM jeff.mccollum@noaa.gov RI Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010 OI Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 22 IS 5 BP 497 EP 512 DI 10.1175/JTECH1732.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 932FX UT WOS:000229540700001 ER PT J AU Simon, CG Antonucci, JM Liu, DW Skptic, D AF Simon, CG Antonucci, JM Liu, DW Skptic, D TI In vitro cytotoxicity of amorphous calcium phosphate composites SO JOURNAL OF BIOACTIVE AND COMPATIBLE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE amorphous calcium phosphate; composites; cellular response; cytotoxicity; degree of vinyl conversion; extract test; ion release profiles ID BIOACTIVE POLYMERIC COMPOSITES; DENTAL COMPOSITES; TISSUE-RESPONSE; BONE-CEMENT; ALPHA; HYDROXYAPATITE; DIFFERENTIATION; PROLIFERATION; MONOXIDE; VIVO AB Calcium phosphate-based biomaterials are being increasingly used as bone substitutes in dentistry and in reconstructive and orthopedic applications because of their good biocompatibility, osteoconductivity and/or bone-bonding properties. In this study, the in vitro cytotoxicity of the amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) filler, the copolymer matrix derived from the polymerization of a resin system and the corresponding ACP composite was analyzed utilizing cell culture techniques. The photo cured polymer was derived from an activated resin comprised of an ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate, urethane dimethacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The resin was admixed with a zirconia-ACP filler to prepare the composite. Specimens were extracted in media overnight and then MCM-E1 osteoblast-like cells were cultured in the extracts for 3 days. Cytoxicity was evaluated by phase contrast microscopy and an enzymatic assay for mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity (Wst-1). Cellular response to the experimental ACP composite was compared to the cellular response of commercially available light-cure orthodontic adhesive. In addition to the cytotoxicity testing the ion release profiles of ACP composites was determined. Furthermore, a degree of vinyl conversion (DVC) attained in the experimental composite and in the commercial control was compared. No adverse response regarding cell morphology and/or viability was observed with ACP composites compared to the unfilled copolymers or to the commercial adhesives. Sustained release of potentially remineralizing calcium and phosphate ions and favorable DVC of these composites confirms their value in a variety of dental and possibly orthopedic applications where anti-demineralizing/remineralizing efficacy is the primary goal. C1 NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Skptic, D (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM drago.skrtic@nist.gov NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 13 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0883-9115 J9 J BIOACT COMPAT POL JI J. Bioact. Compat. Polym. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 20 IS 3 BP 279 EP 295 DI 10.1177/0883911505051854 PG 17 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 921DE UT WOS:000228743600006 ER PT J AU Abdulaev, NG Zhang, C Dinh, A Ngo, T Bryan, PN Brabazon, DM Marino, JP Ridge, KD AF Abdulaev, NG Zhang, C Dinh, A Ngo, T Bryan, PN Brabazon, DM Marino, JP Ridge, KD TI Bacterial expression and one-step purification of an isotope-labeled heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunit SO JOURNAL OF BIOMOLECULAR NMR LA English DT Article DE eukaryotic protein; G-protein; high-resolution; stable-isotope labeling; subtilisin; transducin ID LIGHT-ACTIVATED RHODOPSIN; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; STRUCTURAL DETERMINANTS; INTRINSIC FLUORESCENCE; EFFECTOR-BINDING; GTP HYDROLYSIS; 2.0 ANGSTROM; TRANSDUCIN; MECHANISM; RECEPTOR AB Heterologous expression systems are often employed to generate sufficient quantities of isotope-labeled proteins for high-resolution NMR studies. Recently, the interaction between the prodomain region of subtilisin and an active, mutant form of the mature enzyme has been exploited to develop a cleavable affinity tag fusion system for one-step generation and purification of full-length soluble proteins obtained by inducible prokaryotic expression. As a first step towards applying high-resolution NMR methods to study heterotrimeric G-protein alpha-subunit (G(alpha)) conformation and dynamics, the utility of this subtilisin prodomain fusion system for expressing and purifying an isotope-labeled G(alpha) chimera (similar to 40 kDa polypeptide) has been tested. The results show that a prodomain fused Ga chimera can be expressed to levels approaching 6-8 mg/l in minimal media and that the processed, mature protein exhibits properties similar to those of Ga isolated from natural sources. To assay for the functional integrity of the purified G(alpha) chimera at NMR concentrations and probe for changes in the structure and dynamics of G(alpha) that result from activation, N-15-HSQC spectra of the GDP/Mg2+ bound form of G(alpha) obtained in the absence and presence of aluminum fluoride, a well known activator of the GDP bound state, have been acquired. Comparisons of the N-15-HSQC spectra reveals a number of changes in chemical shifts of the (HN)-H-1, N-15 crosspeaks that are discussed with respect to expected changes in the protein conformation associated with G(alpha) activation. C1 Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NIST, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Univ Texas, Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Ctr Membrane Biol, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Loyola Coll, Dept Chem, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. RP Marino, JP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM marino@carb.nist.gov FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM42560] NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-2738 J9 J BIOMOL NMR JI J. Biomol. NMR PD MAY PY 2005 VL 32 IS 1 BP 31 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s10858-005-3340-5 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Spectroscopy GA 948MN UT WOS:000230720100004 PM 16041481 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Steele, WV AF Chirico, RD Steele, WV TI Thermodynamic properties of diphenylmethane SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID VAPOR-PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS; 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LIQUID-EQUILIBRIA; HEAT-CAPACITIES; TEMPERATURES; MIXTURES; ELEMENTS; BENZENE; ENTHALPIES AB Measurements leading to the calculation of the standard thermodynamic properties for gaseous diphenylmethane (Chemical Abstracts registry number [101-81-51) are reported. Experimental methods include adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, vibrating-tube densimetry, comparative ebulliometry, inclinedpiston gauge manometry, and differential-scanning calorimetry (dsc). Measurement results for the enthalpy of combustion were reported previously. The critical temperature was measured with a differential scanning calorimeter. The critical pressure and critical density were estimated. Standard molar entropies, standard molar enthalpies, and standard molar Gibbs free energies of formation were derived at selected temperatures between 298.15 K and 700 K. All results are compared with experimental values reported in the literature. C1 NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Phys Properties Res Facil, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steelewv@ornl.gov NR 53 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 1052 EP 1059 DI 10.1021/je050034s PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 926MW UT WOS:000229128300055 ER PT J AU Groisman, PY Knight, RW Easterling, DR Karl, TR Hegerl, GC Razuvaev, VAN AF Groisman, PY Knight, RW Easterling, DR Karl, TR Hegerl, GC Razuvaev, VAN TI Trends in intense precipitation in the climate record SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Review ID ATLANTIC CONVERGENCE ZONE; CONTIGUOUS UNITED-STATES; SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; BRAZILIAN AMAZON BASIN; EXTREME PRECIPITATION; HEAVY PRECIPITATION; GREENHOUSE-GAS; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CHANGE SIMULATION AB Observed changes in intense precipitation (e.g., the frequency of very heavy precipitation or the upper 0.3% of daily precipitation events) have been analyzed for over half of the land area of the globe. These changes have been linked to changes in intense precipitation for three transient climate model simulations. all with greenhouse gas concentrations increasing during the twentieth and twenty-first centuries and doubling in the later part of the twenty-first century. It was found that both the empirical evidence from the period of instrumental observations and model projections of a greenhouse-enriched atmosphere indicate an increasing probability of intense precipitation events for many extratropical regions including the United States. Although there can be ambiguity as to the impact of more frequent heavy precipitation events, the thresholds of the definitions of these events were raised here, such that they are likely to be disruptive. Unfortunately, reliable assertions of very heavy and extreme precipitation changes are possible only for regions with dense networks due to the small radius of correlation for many intense precipitation events. C1 Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC USA. Univ N Carolina Asheville, Asheville, NC USA. Duke Univ, Nicholas Sch Environ & Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. Russian Inst Hydrometeorol Informat, Obninsk, Russia. RP UCAR, Natl Climat Data Ctr, NCDC, Fed Bldg,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Pasha.Groisman@noaa.gov NR 107 TC 504 Z9 533 U1 15 U2 144 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 18 IS 9 BP 1326 EP 1350 DI 10.1175/JCLI3339.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 928QV UT WOS:000229287700003 ER PT J AU Brill, G Chen, Y Amirtharaj, PM Sarney, W Chandler-Horowitz, D Dhar, NK AF Brill, G Chen, Y Amirtharaj, PM Sarney, W Chandler-Horowitz, D Dhar, NK TI Molecular beam epitaxial growth and characterization of Cd-based II-VI wide-bandgap compounds an Si substrates SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE CdSeTe; CdSe; CdZnSeTe; Si; (211); molecular beam epitaxy (MBE); photoluminescence (PL); photoreflectance (PR); zincblende; wurtzite; cubic; quaternary; ternary; transmission electron microscopy (TEM); bandgap; defects; bowing ID CADMIUM TELLURIDE; HEXAGONAL CDSE; THIN-FILMS; MBE GROWTH; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTORS; CDSEXTE1-X; DETECTORS; SI(211); ALLOYS AB We have carried out a detailed study on the growth of Cd-based II-VI compounds on Si substrates using molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). CdTe, CdSe, CdSeTe, and CdZnSeTe layers were nucleated and grown on Si(211) substrates in order to study a broad range of semiconductor properties, such as crystal structure, fundamental bandgap, surface morphology, and defect and dislocation density as a function of the constituent elements. For structural characterization, we used transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and x-ray diffraction, which indicated that cubic Cd1-xSexTe material had been grown on Si substrates throughout the entire composition range. Likewise, photoreflectance (PR) and photoluminescence (PL) were used to measure the optical response in the near bandgap (E-g) region. Results indicated nonrandom ordering of CdSeTe/Si material. Studies on quaternary CdZnSeTe material indicated that Zn and Se concentrations directly impact surface morphology with extremely smooth surfaces obtained as Zn content is decreased. C1 USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brill, G (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Sensors & Electron Devices Directorate, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM gbrill@arl.army.mil RI Brill, Gregory/G-4877-2013 NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 14 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 34 IS 5 BP 655 EP 661 DI 10.1007/s11664-005-0080-y PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 930JJ UT WOS:000229411600029 ER PT J AU Ditty, JG Shaw, RF Fuiman, LA AF Ditty, JG Shaw, RF Fuiman, LA TI Larval development of five species of blenny (Teleostei : Blenniidae) from the western central North Atlantic, with a synopsis of blennioid family characters SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dimorphism; intervals; metamorphosis; meristics; sexual maturity ID REDLIP BLENNY; FISH; OPHIOBLENNIUS; PISCES; IDENTIFICATION; HYPSOBLENNIUS; BIOLOGY; GROWTH AB Light trap collections on oil and gas platforms in the northern Gulf of Mexico off Louisiana from 1995 to 1997 contained young of tessellated blenny Hypsoblennius invemar, freckled blenny Hypsoblennius ionthas, featherduster blenny Hypleurochilus multifilis, molly miller Scartella cristata and seaweed blenny Parablennius marmoreus, which are described. Interspecific differences were: number of dorsal, anal, pelvic and caudal fin elements; number of mandibular pores; presence or absence of canine teeth, hypural 5 and pectoral fin pigment; width of gill openings; length of preopercular spines (in larvae). Size at settlement differed among some taxa, but all five species settled within a narrow size window of c. 1.5 mm standard length (L-S). Hypsoblennius invemar, H. ionthas, H. multifilis and S. cristata settled at mean sizes between 11.3 and 12.1 mm L-S, whereas P. marmoreus settled at a mean size of 19.3 mm L-S. Sexually dimorphic differences were consistently evident by 17-18 mm L-S in all species but P. marmoreus. The two smallest blennies with external characters normally associated with sexual maturity were a 20 mm male and 21 mm female H. multifilis primary caudal fin rays began to bifurcate between 17.0 and 18.3 mm L-S in H. invemar, H. ionthas, H. multifilis and S. cristata. Hypleurochilus multifilis displayed the external characteristics of being sexually mature at 20-21 mm L-S. Thus, bifurcation of primary caudal fin rays seas an indicator of approaching sexual maturity in H. multifilis and this may also be true in the other species studied. (c) 2005 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles (No claim to original US government works). C1 NOAA Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Ecol Branch, Taxon & Ecol Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP Ditty, JG (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Ecol Branch, Taxon & Ecol Lab, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM jim.ditty@noaa.gov RI Ditty, Jim/B-6686-2009 NR 47 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DG, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 66 IS 5 BP 1261 EP 1284 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2005.00675.x PG 24 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 928ZA UT WOS:000229309400004 ER PT J AU Kline, MC Duewer, DL Redman, JW Butler, JM AF Kline, MC Duewer, DL Redman, JW Butler, JM TI Results from the NIST 2004 DNA quantitation study SO JOURNAL OF FORENSIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT NIJ/DNA Grantees Meeting CY JUN 30, 2004 CL Washington, DC SP NIJ, DNA DE forensic science; DNA typing; DNA quantitation; interlaboratory study; quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) ID PROFILING MEASUREMENTS; FORENSIC SAMPLES; TWGDAM VALIDATION; MIXED STAIN; PCR METHOD; QUANTIFICATION; PERFORMANCE; ASSAY; AMPLIFICATION; SYSTEMS AB For optimal DNA short tandem repeat (STR) typing results, the DNA concentration ([DNA]) of the sample must be accurately determined prior to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification step in the typing process. In early 2004, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) conducted an interlaboratory study to help assess the accuracy of DNA quantitation in forensic DNA laboratories. This study was designed with four primary purposes: (1) to examine concentration effects and to probe performance at the lower DNA concentration levels that are frequently seen in forensic casework: (2) to examine consistency with various methodologies across multiple laboratories; (3) to examine single versus multiple source samples: and (4) to study DNA stability over time and through shipping in two types of storage tubes. Eight DNA samples of [DNA] front 0.05 ng/mu L to 1.5 ng/mu L were distributed. A total of 287 independent data sets were returned from 80 participants. Results were reported for 19 different DNA quantitation methodologies. Approximately 65% of the data were obtained using traditional slot blot hybridization methods: 21% were obtained using newly available quantitative real-time PCR (Q-PCR) techniques. Information from this interlaboratory study is guiding development of a future NIST Standard Reference Material for Human DNA Quantitation, SRM 2372. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kline, MC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM margaret.kline@nist.gov RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008; Butler, John/C-7812-2011 NR 36 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 4 U2 12 PU AMER SOC TESTING MATERIALS PI W CONSHOHOCKEN PA 100 BARR HARBOR DR, W CONSHOHOCKEN, PA 19428-2959 USA SN 0022-1198 J9 J FORENSIC SCI JI J. Forensic Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 571 EP 578 PG 8 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 922EI UT WOS:000228818800012 ER PT J AU Croley, TE He, CS AF Croley, TE He, CS TI Distributed-parameter large basin runoff model. I: Model development SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article AB We present a case study of modifying an existing macroscale rainfall-runoff model, the large basin runoff model (LBRM), developed at NOAA:s Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, to the microscale in a two-dimensional representation. First, we review the LBRM and then describe changes in several process submodels, which were originally designed specifically for large areas. We also change the model structure so that we may use the LBRM on an individual cell at the microscale within a watershed. We then discuss spatial scaling of model parameters to enable an (initial) application to the microscale with parameters available from the macroscale. We then organize watershed cells and flow routing and conclude with notes on computer implementation. In the accompanying companion paper, we present details of the model calibration, application, and experimentation on the Kalamazoo River watershed. C1 Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Croley, TE (reprint author), Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RI He, Chansheng/A-3337-2008 OI He, Chansheng/0000-0001-7748-0485 NR 23 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 10 IS 3 BP 173 EP 181 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2005)10:3(173) PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 916ZC UT WOS:000228424400001 ER PT J AU Croley, TE He, CS Lee, DH AF Croley, TE He, CS Lee, DH TI Distributed-parameter large basin runoff model. II: Application SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE; RIVER BASIN; WATER AB Following the derivation of a distributed-parameter large basin runoff model from a lumped-parameter version for the Great Lakes in the companion paper, we here apply it to the Kalamazoo River watershed in southwest Michigan. First we review relevant similar efforts and then describe the digitization of the watershed into a network of cells through which watershed internal flows are routed. We present the technology used on the Kalamazoo River to create grids of topography, soils, land use, and vegetation data. We describe the calibration of both lumped-parameter and distributed-parameter runoff models on the Kalamazoo River and use observed spatial data variations in our parameter determinations. We investigate alternative evapotranspiration schemes, spatial parameter patterns, solar insolation interpretations, and temporal scaling and compare model results. We suggest model extensions for future work. C1 Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. USA, Div Engn, Water Management Team, Great Lakes & Ohio River Corps Engineers, Cincinnati, OH 45201 USA. RP Croley, TE (reprint author), Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RI He, Chansheng/A-3337-2008 OI He, Chansheng/0000-0001-7748-0485 NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 10 IS 3 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2005)10:3(182) PG 10 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 916ZC UT WOS:000228424400002 ER PT J AU Sparks, AK AF Sparks, AK TI Observations on the history of non-insect invertebrate pathology from the perspective of a participant SO JOURNAL OF INVERTEBRATE PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Invertebate-Pathology CY AUG, 2004 CL Helsinki, FINLAND SP Soc Invertebate Pathol ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA GIGAS; OSTREA-EDULIS L; ACUTE INFLAMMATORY REACTION; CRAB CHIONOECETES-BAIRDI; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; MINCHINIA-NELSONI; CANCER-MAGISTER; DUNGENESS CRAB; HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; TANNER CRAB AB This paper discusses diseases of commercially important non-insect invertebrates from both a historical and a personal perspective. Early studies of curious scientists such as Metchnikoff using invertebrate systems led to important discoveries with much wider impact. As commercial culture of oysters, shrimp, and other invertebrates grew, so did studies of their diseases. Here, the impact or pioneering scientists and important new techniques on our understanding of these diseases is described. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Alaska Fisheries Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, RACE Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Alaska Fisheries Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, RACE Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM asparks660@comcast.net NR 82 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2011 EI 1096-0805 J9 J INVERTEBR PATHOL JI J. Invertebr. Pathol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 89 IS 1 BP 67 EP 77 DI 10.1016/j.jip.2005.06.002 PG 11 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 952ZW UT WOS:000231046100009 PM 16039307 ER PT J AU Hurley, DC Geiss, RH Kopycinska-Muller, M Muller, J Read, DT Wright, JE Jennett, NM Maxwell, AS AF Hurley, DC Geiss, RH Kopycinska-Muller, M Muller, J Read, DT Wright, JE Jennett, NM Maxwell, AS TI Anisotropic elastic properties of nanocrystalline nickel thin films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID FORCE ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; NANOINDENTATION; MODULUS; INDENTATION; THICKNESS; COATINGS AB The elastic properties of a nickel film approximately 800 nm thick were measured with nanoindentation, microtensile testing, atomic force acoustic microscopy (AFAM), and surface acoustic wave (SAW) spectroscopy. Values for the indentation modulus (220-223 GPa) and Young's modulus (177-204 GPa) were lower than predicted for randomly oriented polycrystalline nickel. The observed behavior was attributed to grain-boundary effects in the nanocrystalline film. In addition, the different measurement results were not self-consistent when interpreted assuming elastic isotropy. Agreement was improved by adopting a transversely isotropic model corresponding to the film's < 111 > preferred orientation and reducing the elastic moduli by 10-15%. The SAW spectroscopy results indicated that the film density was 1-2% lower than expected for bulk nickel, consistent with models for nanocrystalline materials. Similar reductions in modulus and density were observed for two additional films approximately 200 and 50 nm thick using AFAM and SAW spectroscopy. These results illustrate how complementary methods can provide a more complete picture of film properties. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Natl Phys Lab, Mat Ctr, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP Hurley, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hurley@boulder.nist.gov OI Kopycinska-Mueller, Malgorzata/0000-0001-7033-3095; Jennett, Nigel/0000-0003-1062-6026 NR 28 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 20 IS 5 BP 1186 EP 1193 DI 10.1557/JMR.2005.0146 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 928TD UT WOS:000229293700016 ER PT J AU Jakupciak, JP Wang, W Markowitz, ME Ally, D Coble, M Srivastava, S Maitra, A Barker, PE Sidransky, D O'Connell, CD AF Jakupciak, JP Wang, W Markowitz, ME Ally, D Coble, M Srivastava, S Maitra, A Barker, PE Sidransky, D O'Connell, CD TI Mitochondrial DNA as a cancer biomarker SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR DIAGNOSTICS LA English DT Article ID MONONUCLEOTIDE REPEAT; PROSTATE-CANCER; MTDNA MUTATIONS; PRIMARY TUMORS; BREAST-CANCER; GENOME; REARRANGEMENTS; SEQUENCE; MUSCLE; BRAIN AB As part of a national effort to identify biomarkers for the early detection of cancer, we developed a rapid and high-throughput sequencing protocol for the detection of sequence variants in mitochondrial DNA. Here, we describe the development and implementation of this protocol for clinical samples. Heteroplasmic and homoplasmic sequence variants occur in the mitochondrial genome in patient tumors. We identified these changes by sequencing mitochondrial DNA obtained from tumors and blood from the same individual. We confirmed previously identified primary lung tumor changes and extended these findings in a small patient cohort. Eight sequence variants were identified in stage I to stage IV tumor samples. Two of the sequence variants identified (22%) were found in the D-loop region, which accounts for 6.8% of the mitochondrial genome. The other sequence variants were distributed throughout the coding region. in the forensic community, the sequence variations used for identification are localized to the D-loop region because this region appears to have a higher rate of mutation. However, in lung tumors the majority of sequence variation occurred in the coding region. Hence, incomplete mitochondrial genome sequencing, designed to scan discrete portions of the genome, misses potentially important sequence variants associated with cancer or other diseases. C1 NIST, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NCI, Early Detect Res Network, Rockville, MD USA. Geocenters Inc, Newton, MA USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Jakupciak, JP (reprint author), NIST, Div Biotechnol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM johnj@nist.gov RI Coble, Michael/E-7540-2010 FU NCI NIH HHS [Y1CN2020, Y1CN010309] NR 51 TC 52 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER SOC INVESTIGATIVE PATHOLOGY, INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3993 USA SN 1525-1578 J9 J MOL DIAGN JI J. Mol. Diagn. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 7 IS 2 BP 258 EP 267 DI 10.1016/S1525-1578(10)60553-3 PG 10 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 921AP UT WOS:000228736900014 PM 15858150 ER PT J AU Ilyushin, VV Alekseev, EA Dyubko, SF Motiyenko, RA Lovas, FJ AF Ilyushin, VV Alekseev, EA Dyubko, SF Motiyenko, RA Lovas, FJ TI Millimeter wave spectrum of glycine SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE glycine; microwave spectrum ID INTER-STELLAR GLYCINE; INTERSTELLAR GLYCINE; CONFORMER-II; SEARCH AB We present new investigations of the millimeter wave spectra of the two lowest-energy conformers of glycine (NH2CH2COOH). Measurements of these spectra have been carried out between 75 and 260 GHz using the millimeter-wave spectrometer in Kharkov. The new data set involves rotational transitions with J up to 44 and K-a up to 15 for conformer 1 and transitions with J up to 43 and K-a up to 14 for conformer II. This represents a more than twofold expansion both in the frequency range and J quantum-number range in comparison with previous investigations. The improved sets of spectroscopic parameters obtained for both conformers provide accurate transition frequencies for the key lines necessary for radio astronomy searches for interstellar glycine. (c) 2004 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NASU, Inst Radio Astron, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ilyushin, VV (reprint author), NASU, Inst Radio Astron, Chervonopraporna 4, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM ilyushin@rian.ira.kharkov.ua NR 20 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 231 IS 1 BP 15 EP 22 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2004.12.003 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 917DF UT WOS:000228435500002 ER PT J AU Suenram, RD DaBell, RS Plusquellic, DF Ellzy, MW Lochner, JM Jensen, JO Samuels, AC AF Suenram, RD DaBell, RS Plusquellic, DF Ellzy, MW Lochner, JM Jensen, JO Samuels, AC TI Rotational spectrum of cyclohexyl sarin SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE nerve agent; rotational spectrum; cyclohexyl sarin; Fourier transform microwave spectrum; molecular beam; molecular structure ID TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; JET-COOLED FTMW; CONFORMATIONAL STRUCTURES; DIPOLE-MOMENTS; MOLECULAR-BEAM; METHYLPHOSPHONATE AB The rotational spectrum of cyclohexyl sarin (also known as GF) has been measured in a jet-cooled expansion using Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Two spectra have been observed, each having splittings associated with the internal rotation of the CH3-P group. The observed V-3 barriers are similar in magnitude to those reported for other organophosphonate nerve agents. The two conformational structures of GF have been identified from comparisons of the observed rotational constants and dipole moment magnitudes with ab initio predictions at the MP2/6311G (d,p) level. These two structures are distinguished by the placement of the fluorophosphonate group at the equatorial and axial positions of the cyclohexane ring. The data also suggest that both conformers prefer a positioning of the FP group with the P=O oxygen in an eclipsed orientation relative to the C-1 hydrogen on the ring. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Battelle Eastern Sci & Technol Ctr, Aberdeen, MD 21001 USA. Edgewood Chem Biol Ctr, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21010 USA. RP Suenram, RD (reprint author), 4053 Weakely Hollow Rd, Syria, VA 22743 USA. EM suenramr@earthlink.net NR 21 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 231 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2004.12.005 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 917DF UT WOS:000228435500004 ER PT J AU Henning, CC Vallis, GK AF Henning, CC Vallis, GK TI The effects of mesoscale eddies on the stratification and transport of an ocean with a circumpolar channel SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; DEACON CELL; BETA-PLANE; THERMOCLINE; MODELS; DIFFUSION; FLUXES; WAVES AB The effects of eddies in a primitive equation ocean model configured in a single hemisphere domain with circumpolar channels at their poleward ends are investigated; in particular, two regimes for the mass balance in the channel are investigated. With small overlying winds, the channel stratification is largely set by diffusion operating in the gyre portion of the domain: the depth scale varies with a fractional power of the diffusivity but has little dependence on the wind stress. As the winds are increased, the depth becomes increasingly controlled by a tendency toward small residual circulation. In this limit, a scaling theory is derived for the stratification in the channel that predicts the overall depth of the thermocline as a power of the wind stress and that allows the eddy length scale to differ from the channel length scale. The predicted depth depends on the details of the closure chosen for the eddy buoyancy flux, but in general it varies as some fractional power of the wind stress, and a channel-only numerical simulation agrees well with this prediction. When a gyre region is added to the channel, vertical diffusion in the gyre exerts some control on the channel stratification even at higher winds, forcing the mass balance into a mixed regime in which both eddy and diffusive effects are important. The depth scale varies less with the wind stress than in a channel-only configuration, and the residual mean circulation in the channel is maintained by the convergence of cross-isopycnal eddy buoyancy fluxes. C1 Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Henning, CC (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, 395 McCone Hall 4767, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM henning@atmos.berkeley.edu NR 28 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 35 IS 5 BP 880 EP 896 DI 10.1175/JPO2727.1 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 938KY UT WOS:000230003500020 ER PT J AU Kane, J AF Kane, J TI The demography of Calanus finmarchicus (Copepoda : Calanoida) in the Middle Atlantic Bight, USA, 1977-2001 SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CONTINUOUS PLANKTON RECORDER; NORTHEAST SHELF ECOSYSTEM; GEORGES BANK; C-HELGOLANDICUS; TIME-SERIES; ZOOPLANKTON; ABUNDANCE; SEA; OSCILLATION; PATTERNS AB The spatial distribution and annual cycle of abundance for the late-stage copepodites of the calanoid copepod Calanus finmarchicus are described for the shelf and slope waters of the Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB), a subregion of the US Northeast large marine ecosystem. Samples were collected with bongo nets from 1977 to 2001 on broad-scale surveys of the region and from a continuous plankton recorder (CPR) towed at 10-m depth along a route that traversed the area. The copepod's abundance in shelf waters increased rapidly in early spring and reached maximum levels in May-June. It declined slowly thereafter, until a minor secondary pulse occurred in late autumn, which was followed by the annual winter low. Slope water abundance of C. finmarchicus peaked in April and was virtually absent there at 10-m depth from July through the following February. The two samplers, both portrayed similar high interannual abundance variability with no long-term trend evident for the 25-year period. Cluster analysis pinpointed three shelf areas with similar abundance patterns, one of which was a region of high density located in the northeastern offshore waters. Evidence is presented that indicates the source of this high abundance is likely from the populations that overwinter in deep water basins of the Gulf of Maine (GOM). The copepod's interannual abundance variability was found to be negatively correlated with water temperature and unrelated to fluctuations of the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) index. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Kane, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM jkane@whsun1.wh.whoi.edu NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 27 IS 5 BP 401 EP 414 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbi009 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 941HX UT WOS:000230207000002 ER PT J AU Napp, JM Hopcroft, RR Baier, CT Clarke, C AF Napp, JM Hopcroft, RR Baier, CT Clarke, C TI Distribution and species-specific egg production of Pseudocalanus in the Gulf of Alaska SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; MARINE PLANKTONIC COPEPODS; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; GEORGES BANK; PRODUCTION RATES; NORTHERN GULF; OREGON COAST; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; STANDING STOCK AB Pseudocalanus species are important contributors to the secondary production of the northern hemisphere mid- to high-latitude oceans. In the coastal Gulf of Alaska, Pseudocalanus are present year round and are represented by three species. In 2001, Pseudocalanus mimus was the dominant Pseudocalanus species on the shelf during spring and summer, comprising 30-100% of the total, while Pseudocalanus newmani dominated in Prince William Sound (10-90%). Pseudocalanus minutus were only abundant in Prince William Sound during early spring. Egg production (by number and volume) was a function of female prosome length and decreased from spring to summer; however, significant variability was attributable to regional influences that were independent of size. For the same sized female, P. newmani produced more eggs per clutch than P. mimus. Pseudocalanus mimus, however, tended to have a larger mean egg size than P. newmani. Consequently, clutch volumes of the two species were indistinguishable. Pseudocalanus egg production rates (EPRs) (eggs female(-1) day(-1)) were lower in July and August (ca. 2-4) than April and May (ca. 1-9), but total egg production by the population (eggs day(-1)) was nearly equivalent for the two time periods due to higher female concentrations in summer. C1 NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Napp, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jeff.napp@noaa.gov RI Hopcroft, Russell/I-6286-2012 NR 49 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 27 IS 5 BP 415 EP 426 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbi015 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 941HX UT WOS:000230207000003 ER PT J AU Gibson, GA Musgrave, DL Hinckley, S AF Gibson, GA Musgrave, DL Hinckley, S TI Non-linear dynamics of a pelagic ecosystem model with multiple predator and prey types SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC PACIFIC-OCEAN; PLANKTON POPULATION-MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; IRON LIMITATION; CALANOID COPEPODS; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; MIXED-LAYER AB Using numerical techniques, we explored the dynamics of a one-dimensional, six-component nutrient-phytoplankton-zooplankton (NPZ) model in which zooplankton grazed on a mixed prey field. Five alternative functional forms were implemented to describe zooplankton grazing, and the form for predation on mesozooplankton was prescribed by a product of a specific predation rate (h) and the mesozooplankton concentration raised to a power (q), which we varied between one and two. With all five grazing functions, Hopf bifurcations, where the form of the solution transitioned between steady equilibrium and periodic limit cycles, persisted across the q-h parameter space. Regardless of the values of h and q, with some forms of the grazing function, we were unable to find steady equilibrium solutions that simultaneously comprised non-zero concentrations for all six model components. Extensions of Michaelis-Menten-based single resource grazing formulations to multiple resources resulted in periodic solutions for a large portion of the q-h space. Conversely, extensions of the sigmoidal grazing formulation to multiple resources resulted in steady solutions for a large portion of q-h parameter space. Our results demonstrate the consequences of the functional form of biological processes on the form of the model solutions. Both the steady or oscillatory nature of state variable concentrations and the likelihood of their elimination are important considerations for ecosystem-modelling studies, particularly when attempting to model an ecosystem in which multiple phytoplankton and zooplankton components are thought to persist simultaneously for at least a portion of the seasonal cycle. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gibson, GA (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM george@ims.uaf.edu NR 79 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 27 IS 5 BP 427 EP 447 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbi016 PG 21 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 941HX UT WOS:000230207000004 ER PT J AU Rinsland, CP Goldman, A Mahieu, E Zander, R Chiou, LS Hannigan, JW Wood, SW Elkins, JW AF Rinsland, CP Goldman, A Mahieu, E Zander, R Chiou, LS Hannigan, JW Wood, SW Elkins, JW TI Long-term evolution in the tropospheric concentration of chlorofluorocarbon 12 (CCl2F2) derived from high-spectral resolution infrared solar absorption spectra: retrieval and comparison with in situ surface measurements SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; chlorofluorocarbons; troposphere; atmospheric chemistry; pollution; ozone ID SPECTROSCOPIC MEASUREMENTS; HITRAN; OZONE; STRATOSPHERE; DATABASE AB The average tropospheric volume mixing ratios of chlorofluorocarbon 12 (CCl2F2) have been retrieved from high-spectral resolution ground-based infrared solar-absorption spectra recorded from March 1982 to October 2003 with the McMath Fourier transform spectrometer at the US National Solar Observatory facility on Kitt Peak in southern Arizona (31.9degreesN, 111.6degreesW, 2.09 km altitude). The retrievals are based on fits to the unresolved v(8) band Q-branches near 922 cm(-1) using the SFIT2 retrieval algorithm. The annual increase rate was equal to (16.88 +/- 1.37) parts per trillion (10(-12)) by volume at the beginning of the time series, March 1982, or (4.77 +/- 0.04)%, 1 sigma, declining progressively to (2.49 +/- 1.24) parts per trillion, by volume at the end, October 2003, or (0.46 +/- 0.24)%, 1 sigma. Average tropospheric mixing ratios from the solar spectra have been compared with average surface flask and in situ sampling measurements from the Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory (CMDL) station at Niwot Ridge, CO, (USA) (40.0degreesN, 105.5degreesW, 3013 m altitude). The average ratio and standard deviation of the monthly means of the retrieved tropospheric mixing ratios relative to the CMDL surface mixing ratios is (1.01 +/- 0.03) for the overlapping time period. Both datasets demonstrate the progressive impact of the Montreal protocol and its strengthening amendments on the trend of CCl2F2, though a tropospheric decrease has yet to be observed. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci Competency, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Phys, Denver, CO 80208 USA. Univ Liege, Inst Astrophys & Geophys, Liege, Belgium. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Hampton, VA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res Ltd, Omakau, New Zealand. NOAA, CMDL R, CMDLI, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Atmospher Sci Competency, Mail Stop 401A, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM curtis.p.rinsland@nasa.gov OI Mahieu, Emmanuel/0000-0002-5251-0286 NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY 1 PY 2005 VL 92 IS 2 BP 201 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2004.07.022 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 875JM UT WOS:000225416400006 ER PT J AU Nico, JS Arif, M Dewey, MS Gentile, TR Gilliam, DM Huffman, PR Jacobson, DL Thompson, AK AF Nico, JS Arif, M Dewey, MS Gentile, TR Gilliam, DM Huffman, PR Jacobson, DL Thompson, AK TI The fundamental neutron physics facilities at NIST SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Measurements with Slow Neutrons CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE cold neutrons; electroweak interactions; neutron interferometer; polarized neutrons; spin filters; ultracold neutrons AB The program in fundamental neutron physics at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) began nearly two decades ago. The Neutron Interactions and Dosimetry Group currently maintains four neutron beam lines dedicated to studies of fundamental neutron interactions. The neutrons are provided by the NIST Center for Neutron Research, a national user facility for studies that include condensed matter physics, materials science, nuclear chemistry, and biological science. The beam lines for fundamental physics experiments include a high-intensity polychromatic beam, a 0.496 nm monochromatic beam, a 0.89 nm monochromatic beam, and a neutron interferometer and optics facility. This paper discusses some of the parameters of the beam lines along with brief presentations of some of the experiments performed at the facilities. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Nico, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Huffman, Paul/0000-0002-2562-1378 NR 11 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 110 IS 3 BP 137 EP 144 DI 10.6028/jres.110.013 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 943XN UT WOS:000230389000002 PM 27308110 ER PT J AU Page, SA Bowman, JD Carlini, RD Case, T Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Dabaghyan, M Desai, D Freedman, SJ Gentile, TR Gericke, MT Gillis, RC Greene, GL Hersman, FW Ino, T Ishimoto, S Jones, GL Lauss, B Leuschner, MB Losowski, B Mahurin, R Masuda, Y Mitchell, GS Nann, H Penttila, SI Ramsay, WD Santra, S Seo, PN Sharapov, EI Smith, TB Snow, WM Wilburn, WS Yuan, V Zhu, H AF Page, SA Bowman, JD Carlini, RD Case, T Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Dabaghyan, M Desai, D Freedman, SJ Gentile, TR Gericke, MT Gillis, RC Greene, GL Hersman, FW Ino, T Ishimoto, S Jones, GL Lauss, B Leuschner, MB Losowski, B Mahurin, R Masuda, Y Mitchell, GS Nann, H Penttila, SI Ramsay, WD Santra, S Seo, PN Sharapov, EI Smith, TB Snow, WM Wilburn, WS Yuan, V Zhu, H TI Measurement of parity violation in np capture: the NPDGamma experiment SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Measurements with Slow Neutrons CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE hadronic weak interaction; neutron capture; parity violation ID GAMMA-RAY; SEARCH; F-18 AB The NPDGamma experiment will measure the parity-violating directional gamma ray asymmetry A(gamma) in the reaction (n) over right arrow + p --> d + gamma. Ultimately, this will constitute the first measurement in the neutron-proton system that is sensitive enough to challenge modern theories of nuclear parity violation, providing a theoretically clean determination of the weak pion-nucleon coupling. A new beamline at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) delivers pulsed cold neutrons to the apparatus, where they are polarized by transmission through a large volume polarized He-3 spin filter and captured in a liquid para-hydrogen target. The 2.2 MeV gamma rays from the capture reaction are detected in an array of CsI(Tl) scintillators read out by vacuum photodiodes operated in current mode. We will complete commissioning of the apparatus and carry out a first measurement at LANSCE in 2004-05, which would provide a statistics-limited result for A gamma accurate to a standard uncertainty of +/- 5 x 10(-8) level or better, improving on existing measurements in the neutron-proton system by a factor of 4. Plans to move the experiment to a reactor facility, where the greater flux would enable us to make a measurement with a standard uncertainty of +/- 1 x 10(-8), are actively being pursued for the longer term. C1 Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. KEK Nat Lab High Energy Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Page, SA (reprint author), Univ Manitoba, Dept Phys & Astron, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 110 IS 3 BP 195 EP 203 DI 10.6028/jres.110.024 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 943XN UT WOS:000230389000013 PM 27308121 ER PT J AU Bass, CD Dawkins, JM Luo, D Micherdzinska, A Sarsour, M Snow, WM Mumm, HP Nico, JS Huffman, PR Markoff, DM Heckel, BR Swanson, HE AF Bass, CD Dawkins, JM Luo, D Micherdzinska, A Sarsour, M Snow, WM Mumm, HP Nico, JS Huffman, PR Markoff, DM Heckel, BR Swanson, HE TI Measurement of the parity-violating neutron spin rotation in He-4 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Measurements with Slow Neutrons CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE cold neutrons; liquid helium; nucleon-nucleon interaction; parity non-conservation; parity violation; spin rotation; superfluid helium; weak interaction; weak meson exchange amplitude ID HELIUM AB In the meson exchange model of weak nucleon-nucleon (NN) interactions, the exchange of virtual mesons between the nucleons is parameterized by a set of weak meson exchange amplitudes. The strengths of these amplitudes from theoretical calculations are not well known, and experimental measurements of parity-violating (PV) observables in different nuclear systems have not constrained their values. Transversely polarized cold neutrons traveling through liquid helium experience a PV spin rotation due to the weak interaction with an angle proportional to a linear combination of these weak meson exchange amplitudes. A measurement of the PV neutron spin rotation in helium would provide information about the relative strengths of the weak meson exchange amplitudes, and with the longitudinal analyzing power measurement in the p + alpha system, allow the first comparison between isospin mirror systems in weak NN interaction. An earlier experiment performed at NIST obtained a result consistent with zero: phi(PV)(n, alpha) = (8.0 +/- 14( stat) +/- 2.2( syst)) x 10(-7) rad / m[1]. We describe a modified apparatus using a superfluid helium target to increase statistics and reduce systematic effects in an effort to reach a sensitivity goal of 10(-7) rad/m. C1 Indiana Univ, IUCF, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20890 USA. N Carolina State Univ, TUNL Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bass, CD (reprint author), Indiana Univ, IUCF, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. OI Huffman, Paul/0000-0002-2562-1378 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 110 IS 3 BP 205 EP 208 DI 10.6028/jres.110.025 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 943XN UT WOS:000230389000014 PM 27308122 ER PT J AU Gericke, MT Bowman, JD Carlini, RD Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Dabaghyan, M Desai, D Freedman, SJ Gentile, TR Gillis, RC Greene, GL Hersman, FW Ino, T Ishimoto, S Jones, GL Lauss, B Leuschner, MB Losowski, B Mahurin, R Masuda, Y Mitchell, GS Muto, S Nann, H Page, SA Penttila, SI Ramsay, WD Santra, S Seo, PN Sharapov, EI Smith, TB Snow, WM Wilburn, WS Yuan, V Zhu, H AF Gericke, MT Bowman, JD Carlini, RD Chupp, TE Coulter, KP Dabaghyan, M Desai, D Freedman, SJ Gentile, TR Gillis, RC Greene, GL Hersman, FW Ino, T Ishimoto, S Jones, GL Lauss, B Leuschner, MB Losowski, B Mahurin, R Masuda, Y Mitchell, GS Muto, S Nann, H Page, SA Penttila, SI Ramsay, WD Santra, S Seo, PN Sharapov, EI Smith, TB Snow, WM Wilburn, WS Yuan, V Zhu, H TI Commissioning of the NPDGamma detector array: Counting statistics in current mode operation and parity violation in the capture of cold neutrons on B4C and Al-27 SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Measurements with Slow Neutrons CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE CsI; current mode; detector; gamma; neutron capture; parity violation AB NPDGamma gamma-ray detector has been built to measure, with high accuracy, the size of the small parity-violating asymmetry in the angular distribution of gamma rays from the capture of polarized cold neutrons by protons. The high cold neutron flux at the Los Alamos Neutron Scattering Center (LANSCE) spallation neutron source and control of systematic errors require the use of current mode detection with vacuum photodiodes and low-noise solid-state preamplifiers. We show that the detector array operates at counting statistics and that the asymmetries due to B4C and Al-27 are zero to within 2 x 10(-6) and 7 x 10(-7), respectively. Boron and aluminum are used throughout the experiment. The results presented here are preliminary. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Facil, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N2, Canada. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tukubash 3050801, Japan. Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. TRIUMF, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada. Joint Inst Nucl Res, Dubna, Russia. Univ Dayton, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. RP Gericke, MT (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 110 IS 3 BP 215 EP 219 DI 10.6028/jres.110.027 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 943XN UT WOS:000230389000016 PM 27308124 ER PT J AU Gentile, TR Chen, WC Jones, GL Babcock, E Walker, TG AF Gentile, TR Chen, WC Jones, GL Babcock, E Walker, TG TI Polarized He-3 spin filters for slow neutron physics SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Measurements with Slow Neutrons CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE He-3; helium; neutron; optical pumping; polarization; spin-exchange; spin filter ID EXCHANGE; GAS; RELAXATION AB Polarized He-3 spin filters are needed for a variety of experiments with slow neutrons. Their demonstrated utility for highly accurate determination of neutron polarization are critical to the next generation of betadecay correlation coefficient measurements. In addition, they are broadband devices that can polarize large area and high divergence neutron beams with little gamma-ray background, and allow for an additional spin-flip for systematic tests. These attributes are relevant to all neutron sources, but are particularly well-matched to time of flight analysis at spallation sources. There are several issues in the practical use of He-3 spin filters for slow neutron physics. Besides the essential goal of maximizing the He-3 polarization, we also seek to decrease the constraints on cell lifetimes and magnetic field homogeneity. In addition, cells with highly uniform gas thickness are required to produce the spatially uniform neutron polarization needed for beta-decay correlation coefficient experiments. We are currently employing spin-exchange ( SE) and metastability-exchange ( ME) optical pumping to polarize He-3, but will focus on SE. We will discuss the recent demonstration of 75 % He-3 polarization, temperature-dependent relaxation mechanism of unknown origin, cell development, spectrally narrowed lasers, and hybrid spin-exchange optical pumping. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Hamilton Coll, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Gentile, TR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Babcock, Earl/E-6700-2011 OI Babcock, Earl/0000-0002-4215-2075 NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 110 IS 3 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.6028/jres.110.043 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 943XN UT WOS:000230389000032 PM 27308140 ER PT J AU Wietfeldt, FE Gentile, TR AF Wietfeldt, FE Gentile, TR TI A new method for precision cold neutron polarimetry using a He-3 spin filter SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Precision Measurements with Slow Neutrons CY APR 05-07, 2004 CL Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE cold neutron; polarimetry; He-3 spin filter ID POLARIZED HE-3; DECAY AB We present a new method for precision measurement of the capture flux polarization of a polychromatic ( white), continuous cold neutron beam, polarized by a He-3 spin filter. This method allows an in situ measurement and does not require knowledge of the neutron beam wavelength distribution. We show that a polarimetry precision of 0.1% is possible. C1 Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wietfeldt, FE (reprint author), Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. EM thomas.gentile@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 110 IS 3 BP 305 EP 308 DI 10.6028/jres.110.044 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 943XN UT WOS:000230389000033 PM 27308141 ER PT J AU Soler, T AF Soler, T TI Journal of Surveying Engineering - Editorial SO JOURNAL OF SURVEYING ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Washington, DC USA. RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Washington, DC USA. RI Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9453 J9 J SURV ENG-ASCE JI J. Surv. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2005 VL 131 IS 2 BP 33 EP 34 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9453(2005)131:2(33) PG 2 WC Engineering, Civil SC Engineering GA 921DC UT WOS:000228743400001 ER PT J AU Stafford, KM Moore, SE AF Stafford, KM Moore, SE TI Atypical calling by a blue whale in the Gulf of Alaska (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; SOUNDS; PACIFIC AB Worldwide, calls from blue whales share the characteristics of being long (>20 s), low-frequency (< 100 Hz) signals that often exhibit amplitude and frequency modulation. Despite sharing these basic features, the calls of blue whales recorded in different ocean basins are distinct from one another, leading to the suggestion that populations and/or subspecies may be identified based on call characteristics. An example of anomalous calling behavior by a blue whale in the Gulf of Alaska is reported that may complicate this approach, and that suggests that blue whales can mimic each other's calls. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stafford, KM (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 117 IS 5 BP 2724 EP 2727 DI 10.1121/1.1887005 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 925QV UT WOS:000229068700007 PM 15957742 ER PT J AU Zhao, M Austin, PH AF Zhao, M Austin, PH TI Life cycle of numerically simulated shallow cumulus clouds. Part I: Transport SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; ENVIRONMENT INTERFACE; BOUNDARY-LAYERS; CONVECTION; ENTRAINMENT; MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; DETRAINMENT; SCHEME; ENSEMBLE AB This paper is the first in a two-part series in which the life cycles of numerically simulated shallow cumulus clouds are systematically examined. The life cycle data for six clouds with a range of cloud-top heights are isolated from an equilibrium trade cumulus field generated by a large-eddy simulation (LES) with a uniform resolution of 25 m. A passive subcloud tracer is used to partition the cloud life cycle transport into saturated and unsaturated components', the tracer shows that on average Cumulus convection occurs in a region with time-integrated volume roughly 2 to 3 times that of the liquid-water-containing volume. All Six Clouds exhibit qualitatively similar vertical mass flux profiles with net downward mass transport at upper levels and net upward mass flux at lower levels. This downward mass flux comes primarily from the unsaturated cloud-mixed convective region during the dissipation stage and is evaporatively driven. Unsaturated negatively buoyant cloud mixtures dominate the buoyancy and mass fluxes in the upper portion of all clouds while saturated positively buoyant cloud mixtures dominate the fluxes at lower levels. Small and large clouds have distinct vertical profiles of heating/cooling and drying/moistening, with small clouds cooling and moistening throughout their depth, while larger clouds cool and moisten at upper levels and heat and dry at lower levels. The simulation results are compared to the predictions of conceptual models commonly used in shallow cumulus parameterizations. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Atmospher Sci Programme, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Zhao, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Forrestal Campus,Box 308,US Route 1, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM ming.zhao@noaa.gov RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 NR 43 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1269 EP 1290 DI 10.1175/JAS3414.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 929IB UT WOS:000229335800001 ER PT J AU Zhao, M Austin, PH AF Zhao, M Austin, PH TI Life cycle of numerically simulated shallow cumulus clouds. Part II: Mixing dynamics SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; CONGESTUS CLOUDS; WATER-CONTENT; ENVIRONMENT INTERFACE; TOP ENTRAINMENT; MASS FLUX; CONVECTION; DETRAINMENT; EVOLUTION; THERMALS AB This paper is the second in a two-part series in which life cycles of six numerically simulated shallow cumulus clouds are systematically examined. The six clouds, selected from a single realization of a large-eddy simulation, grow as a series of pulses/thermals detached from the subcloud layer. All six clouds exhibit a coherent vortical circulation and a low buoyancy, low velocity trailing wake. The ascending cloud top (ACT), which contains this vortical circulation, is associated with a dynamic perturbation pressure field with high pressure located at the ascending frontal cap and low pressure below and on the downshear side of the maximum updrafts. Examination of the thermodynamic and kinematic structure, together with passive tracer experiments, suggests that this vortical circulation is primarily responsible for mixing between cloud and environment. As the cloud ACTs rise through the sheared environment, the low pressure, vortical circulation, and mixing are all strongly enhanced on the downshear side and weakened on the upshear side. Collapse of the ACT also occurs on the downshear side, with subsequent thermals ascending on the upshear side of their predecessors. The coherent core structure is maintained throughout the ACT ascent; mixing begins to gradually dilute the ACT core only in the upper half of the cloud's depth. The characteristic kinematic and dynamic structure of these simulated ACTs, together with their mixing behavior, corresponds closely to that of shedding thermals. These shallow simulated clouds, however, reach a maximum height of only about four ACT diameters so that ACT mixing differs from predictions of self-similar laboratory thermals. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Atmospher Sci Programme, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Zhao, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,Box 308,US Route 1, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM ming.zhao@noaa.gov RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 NR 50 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1291 EP 1310 DI 10.1175/JAS3415.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 929IB UT WOS:000229335800002 ER PT J AU Orlanski, I AF Orlanski, I TI A new look at the pacific storm track variability: Sensitivity to tropical SSTs and to upstream seeding SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; BAROCLINIC WAVES; LIFE-CYCLES; DOWNSTREAM; INSTABILITY; TRANSIENTS; ANOMALIES; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS; FLOWS AB There is a fairly well defined stationary wave and storm track response to El Ni (n) over tildeo SSTs over the Pacific. In this paper, the case is made that this response is a direct result of increased baroclinicity in the central Pacific and that changes in the stationary wave pattern farther cast are primarily forced by changes in these transient eddies. There is also a lot of natural variability that is not associated with El Ni (n) over tildeo. The paper also stresses the point that much of the variability can be understood as forced by variations in the upstream seeding of the storm track. The question of whether these seeding variations should be thought of as chaotic noise or forced by identifiable mechanisms is not addressed. Thus, the claim is that the storm track variability and its feedback to [lie quasi-stationary circulation depends on two key parameters: mid-Pacific baroclinicity, controlled by SSTs. and the strength of the upstream seeding. The approach is to first examine the effect of storm track seeding by waves entering from the Asian continent during normal years (non-ENSO years). The results show that two mechanisms operate to distribute eddy energy along the storm track: downstream development and baroclinic development. The large effect on baroclinic development at the storm track entrance results from a combination of factors: surface baroclinicity, land-sea contrast, and strong moist fluxes from the western subtropics. Experiments show that sensitivity to the seeding amplitude is large. The larger the seeding amplitude, the closer the more intense baroclinic waves flux energy downstream to upper-level waves. These barotropic waves tend to break anticyclonically and produce a ridge in the eastern Pacific. Sensitivity to SST anomalies shows qualitative and quantitative similarity with the observed anomalies. Simulations show increased mid-Pacific baroclinicity because stronger convection in the michropical Pacific enhances a large pool of warm air over the entire mideastern subtropical ocean. Waves with sources at the storm track entrance break anticyclonically and produce the ridge in the eastern Pacific. On the other hand, baroclinic waves generated or regenerated in the mid-Pacific tend to break cyclonically, produce a trough tendency, and reduce the eastern ridge amplitude in the Pacific-North American (PNA) sector. These results strongly suggest that 1) the variability of the quasi-permanent circulation indeed could be produced by the high-frequency eddy feedback, and 2) two mechanisms are primarily responsible for the forcing of the quasi-permanent circulation: downstream development from the western Pacific and the anomalous baroclinicity in the mideastern Pacific. The intensity of these counteracting forcings gives the different flavors of the El Ni (n) over tildeo response over the PNA region. Regardless of the SST anomaly strength, the PNA patterns seem unique but obviously have different intensities. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Orlanski, I (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, GFDL, Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM isidoro.orlanski@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 54 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1367 EP 1390 DI 10.1175/JAS3428.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 929IB UT WOS:000229335800006 ER PT J AU Sura, P Newman, M Penland, C Sardeshmukh, P AF Sura, P Newman, M Penland, C Sardeshmukh, P TI Multiplicative noise and non-gaussianity: A paradigm for atmospheric regimes? SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; PROBABILITY DENSITY DISTRIBUTION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; STOCHASTIC CLIMATE MODELS; MULTIPLE FLOW REGIMES; SEA-SURFACE WINDS; EL-NINO; CHAOTIC ITINERANCY; CLUSTER-ANALYSIS; WEATHER REGIMES AB Atmospheric circulation statistics are not strictly Gaussian. Small bumps and other deviations from Gaussian probability distributions are often interpreted as implying the existence of distinct and persistent nonlinear circulation regimes associated with higher-than-average levels of predictability. In this paper it is shown that such deviations from Gaussianity can, however, also result from linear stochastically perturbed dynamics with multiplicative noise statistics. Such systems can be associated with much lower levels of predictability. Multiplicative noise is often identified with state-dependent variations of stochastic feedbacks from unresolved system components, and may be treated as stochastic perturbations of system parameters. It is shown that including such perturbations in the damping of large-scale linear Rossby waves can lead to deviations from Gaussianity very similar to those observed in the joint probability distribution of the first two principal components (PCs) of weekly averaged 750-hPa streamfunction data for the past 52 winters. A closer examination of the Fokker-Planck probability budget in the plane spanned by these two PCs shows that the observed deviations from Gaussianity can be modeled with multiplicative noise, and are unlikely the results of slow nonlinear interactions of the two PCs. It is concluded that the observed non-Gaussian probability distributions do not necessarily imply the existence of persistent nonlinear circulation regimes, and are consistent with those expected for a linear system perturbed by multiplicative noise. C1 NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sura, P (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, R-CDC1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Philip.Sura@noaa.gov RI Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010 OI Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312 NR 77 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1391 EP 1409 DI 10.1175/JAS3408.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 929IB UT WOS:000229335800007 ER PT J AU Luo, YL Krueger, SK Moorthi, S AF Luo, YL Krueger, SK Moorthi, S TI Cloud properties simulated by a single-column model. Part I: Comparison to cloud radar observations of cirrus clouds SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CLIMATE MODELS; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; PARAMETERIZATION; SENSITIVITY; ASSUMPTIONS; MESOSCALE; ENSEMBLE; FLUXES AB This study describes and demonstrates a new method for identifying deficiencies in how cloud processes are represented in large-scale models. Kilometer-scale-resolving cloud radar observations and cloud-resolving model (CRM) simulations were used to evaluate the representation of cirrus clouds in the single-column model (SCM) version of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction Global Forecast System model for a 29-day period during June and July 1997 at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program site in Oklahoma. To produce kilometer-scale cirrus statistics from the SCM results, synthetic subgrid-scale (SGS) cloud fields were generated using the SCM's cloud fraction and hydrometeor content profiles, and the SCM's cloud overlap and horizontal inhomogeneity assumptions. Three sets of SCM synthetic SGS cloud fields were analyzed. Two NOSNOW sets were produced in which clouds did not include snow;, one set used random overlap, the other, maximum/random. In the SNOW set, clouds included snow and random overlap was used. The three sets were sampled in the same way as the cloud-radar-detected cloud fields and the CRM-simulated cloud fields. The mean cirrus cloud occurrence frequency for the SCM NOSNOW cloud fields agrees with the observed value as well as the CRM's does, while that for SCM SNOW cloud fields is onlv half that observed. In most aspects, the SCM's cirrus properties differ significantly from the cloud radar's and the CRM's., which generally agree. In comparison, there are too many physically thin SCM NOSNOW cirrus layers (most occupy only a single model layer) and too many physically thick SCM SNOW cirrus layers (most are thicker than 4 km). For the optically thin subset of cirrus layers, 1) the mean, mode, and median ice water path, and layer-mean ice water content (IWC) values for the SCM are significantly larger than the observed and CRM values 2) the SCM layer-mean IWCs decrease with cloud physical thickness, opposite to the observations and CRM results; and 3) the range of layer-mean effective radii in the SCM thin cirrus is too narrow. C1 Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EMC, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Luo, YL (reprint author), Natl Inst Aerosp, 144 Res Dr, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. EM yali@nianet.org NR 37 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 62 IS 5 BP 1428 EP 1445 DI 10.1175/JAS3425.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 929IB UT WOS:000229335800009 ER PT J AU Chen, LS de Jong, WA Ye, J AF Chen, LS de Jong, WA Ye, J TI Characterization of the molecular iodine electronic wave functions and potential energy curves through hyperfine interactions in the B0(u)(+)((IIu)-I-3) state SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HOMONUCLEAR DIATOMIC-MOLECULES; LASER-INDUCED-FLUORESCENCE; U-G PERTURBATIONS; B-STATE; DISSOCIATION LIMIT; DIODE-LASER; I-127(2); NM; SPECTROSCOPY; RESONANCES AB We present a high-resolution analysis of the six electronic states that share the same dissociation limit with the second excited electronic state B in molecular iodine. These six states are coupled to the B state via hyperfine interactions. The four hyperfine parameters, C-B, δ(B), d(B), and eqQ(B), are calculated with the available potential energy curves and wave functions constructed from the separated-atom basis set. We obtain a maximum separation of the respective contributions from all six electronic states and compare each individual contribution with high-precision spectroscopic data, providing an independent verification of the relevant electronic structure. © 2005 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chen, LS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM lchen@jilau1.colorado.edu; Ye@jila.colorado.edu RI DE JONG, WIBE/A-5443-2008; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 OI DE JONG, WIBE/0000-0002-7114-8315; NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 10 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 22 IS 5 BP 951 EP 961 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.22.000951 PG 11 WC Optics SC Optics GA 924OZ UT WOS:000228989500003 ER PT J AU Roshko, A Harvey, TE Lehman, SY Mirin, RR Bertness, KA Hyland, BL AF Roshko, A Harvey, TE Lehman, SY Mirin, RR Bertness, KA Hyland, BL TI GaAs buffer layer morphology and lateral distributions of InGaAs quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting of the North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2004) CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SURFACE-MORPHOLOGY; INAS ISLANDS; GROWTH; GAAS(001); HOMOEPITAXY; MICROSCOPY AB Atomic force microscopy was used to study the morphology of GaAs buffer layers and the density and height distributions of self-assembled InGaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown on these buffers by molecular-beam epitaxy. The surface roughness and terrace size of 500 nm thick buffers were found to be independent of substrate preparation technique, but did vary depending on whether the buffers were grown either continuously, with a pulsed start, or with a final anneal. A short anneal at the QD growth temperature increased both the size of the surface features and the height of mounds on the buffer grown with a pulsed start. The variations in dot distributions on these three buffer types were similar, indicating that the length of step edges does not determine the density of QDs. The standard deviation in dot density was found to vary from 16 to 28% of the average dot density across the central 26 X 26 rum 2 region of the 5 cm wafers. The standard deviation in dot height was 10% or less of the average height. An inverse relationship was found between the dot height and density distributions, suggesting that a uniform amount of QD material was deposited on the wafers, but that the nucleation of the dots was nonuniform. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Roshko, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM roshko@boulder.nist.gov OI Lehman, Susan/0000-0003-4735-1417; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1226 EP 1231 DI 10.1116/1.1900729 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 945CO UT WOS:000230479600066 ER PT J AU Bertness, KA Roshko, A Asher, SE Perkins, CL AF Bertness, KA Roshko, A Asher, SE Perkins, CL TI Storage conditions for high-accuracy composition standards of AlGaAs SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Meeting of the North American Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy (NAMBE 2004) CY OCT 10-13, 2004 CL Banff, CANADA ID OXIDATION AB A1GaAs epitaxial films were stored under different environmental conditions and the resulting surface oxidation and contamination variations measured with several analytical techniques. Auger depth profiles confirmed that contamination had been confined to within approximately 10 nm of the surface for all specimens stored in controlled environments for over three years. We also performed an atomic force microscopy study on a multilayer structure, measuring the height of the oxides formed in air. Surface contamination was examined in more detail with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface oxides changed over time, and could be altered by sputtering. Sputtering was particularly effective in removing hydrocarbons. Based on these results, A1GaAs reference films for x < 0.4 should remain stable for at least five years if stored in either nitrogen or vacuum environments, with allowance for periodic handling in air. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Bertness, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM bertness@boulder.nist.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 23 IS 3 BP 1267 EP 1271 DI 10.1116/1.1900731 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 945CO UT WOS:000230479600075 ER PT J AU Carter, DW Milon, JW AF Carter, DW Milon, JW TI Price knowledge in household demand for utility services SO LAND ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID RESIDENTIAL WATER DEMAND; BLOCK RATES; BOUNDED RATIONALITY; ELECTRICITY DEMAND; CHOICE APPROACH; INFORMATION; SELECTIVITY; MODELS; CONSERVATION; METAANALYSIS AB A household's decision to acquire price knowledge is endogenous in the demand for utility services and may affect elasticities and consumption levels. A simultaneous equation model with endogenous switching is developed to evaluate the effects of price knowledge and other sources of heterogeneity. Results indicate informed households were more responsive to average and marginal price signals. Informed households also use less water, but this is due to heterogeneity rather than price knowledge. Controlling for heterogeneity, price knowledge actually increases monthly water usage. The implications of accounting for differences in price knowledge in utility demand modeling and demand management policy are discussed. C1 US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Econ, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Carter, DW (reprint author), US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RI Carter, David/G-7472-2016 OI Carter, David/0000-0001-8960-7236 NR 75 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 10 PU UNIV WISCONSIN PI MADISON PA SOCIAL SCIENCE BLDG, MADISON, WI 53706 USA SN 0023-7639 J9 LAND ECON JI Land Econ. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 81 IS 2 BP 265 EP 283 PG 19 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 925ZW UT WOS:000229093400008 ER PT J AU Sarnelle, O Wilson, AE Hamilton, SK Knoll, LB Raikow, DF AF Sarnelle, O Wilson, AE Hamilton, SK Knoll, LB Raikow, DF TI Complex interactions between the zebra mussel, Dreissena polymorpha, and the harmful phytoplankton, Microcystis aeruginosa SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID BLUE-GREEN-ALGAE; SAGINAW BAY; LAKE HURON; TOTAL PHOSPHORUS; RELATIVE BIOMASS; INLAND WATERS; NEW-YORK; ZOOPLANKTON; COMPETITION; COMMUNITY AB We report a reversal in the sign of the herbivore-phytoplankton interaction between the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and Microcystis aeruginosa, a harmful planktonic cyanobacterium. A pair of large-scale manipulations of mussel density in the same lake in consecutive years showed that when phosphorus concentrations were very low (mean total phosphorus [TP] similar to 3 mu g L-1), the effect of Dreissena on the biomass of M. aeruginosa was monotonically negative across the full range of sustainable mussel densities. When the enclosures were fertilized with phosphorus (mean TP similar to 9 mu g L-1), there was a monotonically positive effect of Dreissena on M. aeruginosa across the same mussel gradient. These contrasting results indicate that D. polymorpha feeds on M. aeruginosa, as shown in previous laboratory feeding experiments, but that the positive effects of D. polymorpha on M. aeruginosa can be larger than the negative effects of consumption. A sign reversal in the interaction between these two species is congruent with highly variable patterns in the response of M. aeruginosa to D. polymorpha invasion across lake and river systems in North America. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Biol, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Michigan State Univ, Kellogg Biol Stn, Hickory Corners, MI 49060 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Sarnelle, O (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM sarnell@msu.edu RI Hamilton, Stephen/N-2979-2014 OI Hamilton, Stephen/0000-0002-4702-9017 NR 41 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 50 IS 3 BP 896 EP 904 PG 9 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 928AO UT WOS:000229243700014 ER PT J AU Velez, J Watson, W Arntz, W Wolff, M Schnack-Schiel, SB AF Velez, J Watson, W Arntz, W Wolff, M Schnack-Schiel, SB TI Larval fish assemblages in Independencia Bay, Pisco, Peru: temporal and spatial relationships SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; ICHTHYOPLANKTON; NURSERIES; PACIFIC AB The structure of the larval fish assemblages in Independencia Bay on the coast of Peru was examined using a combination of univariate and multivariate techniques. The plankton of Independencia Bay was sampled during 2000, to ascertain ichthyoplankton composition, abundance, and seasonality. These data were used to assess the function of the bay as spawning and nursery grounds and were related to the regional oceanography. In total, 16,156 fish larvae, representing 34 families, 48 genera, and 48 species were collected. Engraulidae, Normanichthyidae, Blenniidae, Gobiesocidae, Haemulidae, Labrisomidae, Pinguipedidae, and Atherinidae comprised 96.8% of the larvae captured; the remaining 3.2% included 26 families. Greatest mean larval fish densities, 319-1,381 per 100 m(3), were recorded between September and November, suggesting a major spring spawning period. The most abundant fish larvae during this period were preflexion stage mote sculpins (Normanichthyidae) and newly hatched and preflexion stage anchovies (Engraulidae). A second, smaller summer peak was dominated by preflexion stage anchovies, followed by preflexion stage mote sculpins. The occurrence of high larval fish densities and the wide range of larval stages suggest that Independencia Bay is a regionally important spawning and nursery ground for marine fish. The principal component analysis showed that temperature and salinity were the dominant variables within the first two principal components, which accounted for 74.4% of the variation in environmental conditions. These conditions varied over time, station, and depth; however, interaction terms could not clearly be identified. Fitting a multinomial logistic model showed that larval fish assemblages and environmental conditions were associated in a complex way. The spring and summer ichthyoplankton abundance peaks in Independencia Bay coincided with high zooplankton standing stock and also coincided approximately with the periods of increased upwelling in the area. C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Ctr Trop Marine Ecol, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. RP Velez, J (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Columbusstr, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM jvelez@awi-bremerhaven.de RI 平山, 幸恵/G-9307-2012 NR 37 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 147 IS 1 BP 77 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s00227-004-1535-z PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 924JC UT WOS:000228974100008 ER PT J AU Sotka, EE Hempelmann, JA Biermann, CH AF Sotka, EE Hempelmann, JA Biermann, CH TI Genetic evidence of postglacial population expansion in Puget Sound rockfish (Sebastes emphaeus) SO MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE population expansion; Pleistocene; mitochondrial control region; microsatellite DNA; gene flow ID GROWTH; SCORPAENIDAE; SEQUENCE; HISTORY; FLOW AB Several rockfish species (genus Sebastes) along the northeastern Pacific Ocean have rapidly declined in abundance owing in part to overfishing. A striking exception is the dwarf-like Puget Sound rockfish Sebastes emphaeus, whose densities have increased by several orders of magnitude over the last several decades. To describe their genetic structure, we sequenced 395 bp from the mitochondrial control region of 128 S. emphaeus adults from 5 locations spanning approximately 120 km of the Northwest Straits of Washington state. We detected no significant genetic differentiation among these populations and substantial genetic variation within populations, a pattern that may indicate high levels of ongoing gene flow. Preliminary data from 2 microsatellite loci are also consistent with panmixia. The mtDNA sequences also suggest that Puget Sound rockfish populations have expanded substantially since the retreat of Pleistocene glaciers made habitat in Puget Sound region available approximately 12,000 years ago. C1 Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. RP Sotka, EE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Friday Harbor Labs, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. EM sotkae@cofc.edu NR 24 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1436-2228 J9 MAR BIOTECHNOL JI Mar. Biotechnol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 7 IS 3 BP 223 EP 230 DI 10.1007/s10126-004-0437-x PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 944LR UT WOS:000230431000010 PM 15864469 ER PT J AU Williamson, JF Butler, W DeWerd, LA Huq, MS Ibbott, GS Li, Z Mitch, MG Nath, R Rivard, MJ Todor, D AF Williamson, JF Butler, W DeWerd, LA Huq, MS Ibbott, GS Li, Z Mitch, MG Nath, R Rivard, MJ Todor, D TI Recommendations of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine regarding the impact of implementing the 2004 task group 43 report on dose specification for Pd-103 and I-125 interstitial brachytherapy SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Pd-103; I-125; permanent interstitial brachytherapy; air-kerma strength; dose prescriptions ID PROSTATE BRACHYTHERAPY; DOSIMETRY; SEEDS; MODEL; CALIBRATION; SUBCOMMITTEE; STANDARDS; CONSTANT; DESIGN AB In March 2004, the recommendations of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) on the interstitial brachytherapy dosimetry using 125 1 and Pd-103 were reported in Medical Physics [TG-43 Update: Rivard et al., 31, 633-674 (2004)]. These recommendations include some minor changes in the dose-calculation formalism and a major update of the dosimetry parameters for eight widely, used interstitial brachytherapy sources. A full implementation of these recommendations could result in unintended changes in delivered dose without corresponding revisions in the prescribed dose. Because most published clinical experience with permanent brachytherapy is based upon two widely used source models, the I-125 Model 6711 and Pd-103 Model 200 sources, in this report we present an analysis of the dosimetric impact of the 2004 TG-43 dosimetry parameters on the history of dose delivery for these two source models. Our analysis indicates that the currently recommended prescribed dose of 125 Gy for Model 200 Pd-103 implants planned using previously recommended dosimetry parameters [AAPM Pd-103 dose prescription: Williamson et al., Med. Phys. 27, 634-642 (2000)] results in a delivered dose of 120 Gy according to dose calculations based on the 2004 TG-43 update. Further, delivered doses prior to October 1997 varied from 113 to 119 Gy for a prescribed dose of 115 Gy compared to 124 Gy estimated by the AAPM 2000 report. For I-125 implants using Model 6711 seeds, there are no significant changes (less than 2%). Practicing physicians should take these results into account when selecting the clinically appropriate prescribed dose for Pd-103 interstitial implant patients following implementation of the 2004 TG-43 update dose-calculation recommendations. The AAPM recommends that the radiation oncology community review this report and consider whether the currently recommended dose level (125 Gy) needs to be revised. (c) 2005 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Photon Emitting Brachytherapy Dosimetry Subcomm, Radiat Therapy Comm, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. Wheeling Hosp, Schiffer Canc Ctr, Wheeling, WV 26003 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Accredited Dosmetry & Calibrat Lab, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Inst Canc, Dept Radiat Oncol, Pittsburgh, PA 15232 USA. MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Radiol Phys Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. Washington Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Yale Univ, Dept Therapeut Radiol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Tufts Univ, New England Med Ctr, Dept Radiat Oncol, Boston, MA 02111 USA. RP Williamson, JF (reprint author), Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Radiat Oncol, Photon Emitting Brachytherapy Dosimetry Subcomm, Radiat Therapy Comm, Med Coll Virginia Campus, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. EM jwilliamson@mcvh-vcu.edu NR 21 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 32 IS 5 BP 1424 EP 1439 DI 10.1118/1.1884925 PG 16 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 928LY UT WOS:000229274300021 PM 15984693 ER PT J AU Han, JP Koo, SM Vogel, EM Gusev, EP D'Emic, C Richter, CA Suehle, S AF Han, JP Koo, SM Vogel, EM Gusev, EP D'Emic, C Richter, CA Suehle, S TI Reverse short channel effects in high-k gated nMOSFETs SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Workshop on Dielectrics in Micoelectronics (WoDiM 2004) CY JUN 28-30, 2004 CL Cork, IRELAND SP Univ Coll Cork, Natl Microelectron Res Ctr ID TRANSISTORS AB Anomalous threshold voltage roll-up behavior, commonly referred as reverse short channel effect (RSCE), has been observed in high-k (HfO2 on SiON buffer, Al2O3 on SiON buffer) gated submicron nMOSFETs, while the SiO2 or SiON control samples show normal short channel effect (SCE) behavior. The possible causes such as inhomogeneous channel doping profile and gate oxide thickness variation near S/D ends have been ruled out. The results indicate that interface trap density that dependents on channel length is the main cause of the RSCE observed here. In addition, oxide charge also plays a role. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IBM Corp, TJ Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY USA. RP Han, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jh262@ieee.org RI Vogel, Eric/A-7731-2008 OI Vogel, Eric/0000-0002-6110-1361 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5-6 BP 783 EP 785 DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2004.11.049 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 910EW UT WOS:000227914200004 ER PT J AU Yang, J Kopanski, JJ Postula, A Bialkowski, M AF Yang, J Kopanski, JJ Postula, A Bialkowski, M TI Experimental investigation of the dielectric-semiconductor interface with scanning capacitance microscopy SO MICROELECTRONICS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Workshop on Dielectrics in Micoelectronics (WoDiM 2004) CY JUN 28-30, 2004 CL Cork, IRELAND SP Univ Coll Cork, Natl Microelectron Res Ctr ID OXIDE QUALITY; SILICON; STATES; RESOLUTION; JUNCTIONS; PROFILES AB An experimental investigation of how interface states effect scanning capacitance microscopy (SCM) measurements is presented. Different sample polishing procedures were used to make SCM samples that would have different interface state densities, but identical oxide thicknesses. By comparing SCM signals of these samples, the effect of interface states could be singled out. The interface states of these SCM samples were found to have an amphoteric energy distribution. The magnitude of the maximum SCM signals (maximum d C/d V in d C/d V versus dc bias, V-dc, plots) is independent of the interface-trapped charges, while the full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the dC/dV-V-dc curves is broadened with the interface states. The physics of SCM interface states effect is also discussed. (c) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Queensland, Sch Informat Technol & Elect Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. RP Kopanski, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.kopanski@nist.gov NR 20 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0026-2714 J9 MICROELECTRON RELIAB JI Microelectron. Reliab. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 45 IS 5-6 BP 887 EP 890 DI 10.1016/j.microrel.2004.11.030 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 910EW UT WOS:000227914200029 ER PT J AU Yoon, HS Hackett, JD Van Dolah, FM Nosenko, T Lidie, L Bhattacharya, D AF Yoon, HS Hackett, JD Van Dolah, FM Nosenko, T Lidie, L Bhattacharya, D TI Tertiary endosymbiosis driven genome evolution in dinoflagellate algae SO MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE chromalveolates; dinoflagellates; EST; Karenia brevis; minicircle genes; tertiary endosymbiosis ID RED TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD; PLASMODIUM-FALCIPARUM; APICOMPLEXAN PLASTIDS; PERIDINIUM-FOLIACEUM; SINGLE ORIGIN; ACTIN GENE AB Dinoflagellates are important aquatic primary producers and cause "red tides." The most widespread plastid (photosynthetic organelle) in these algae contains the unique accessory pigment peridinin. This plastid putatively originated via a red algal secondary endosymbiosis and has some remarkable features, the most notable being a genome that is reduced to 1-3 gene minicircles with about 14 genes (out of an original 130-200) remaining in the organelle and a nuclear-encoded proteobacterial Form II Rubisco. The "missing" plastid genes are relocated to the nucleus via a massive transfer unequaled in other photosynthetic eukaryotes. The fate of these characters is unknown in a number of dinoflagellates that have replaced the peridinin plastid through tertiary endosymbiosis. We addressed this issue in the fucoxanthin dinoflagellates (e.g., Karenia brevis) that contain a captured haptophyte plastid. Our multiprotein phylogenetic analyses provide robust support for the haptophyte plastid replacement and are consistent with a red algal origin of the chromalveolate plastid. We then generated an expressed sequence tag (EST) database of 5,138 unique genes from K. brevis and searched for nuclear genes of plastid function. The EST data indicate the loss of the ancestral peridinin plastid characters in K. brevis including the transferred plastid genes and Form II Rubisco. These results underline the remarkable ability of dinoflagellates to remodel their genomes through endosymbiosis and the considerable impact of this process on cell evolution. C1 Univ Iowa, Dept Biol Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Univ Iowa, Roy J Carver Ctr Comparat Genom, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. NOAA, Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. RP Bhattacharya, D (reprint author), Univ Iowa, Dept Biol Sci, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. EM dbhattac@blue.weeg.uiowa.edu RI Yoon, Hwan Su/A-2974-2013 NR 71 TC 92 Z9 100 U1 4 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0737-4038 J9 MOL BIOL EVOL JI Mol. Biol. Evol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 22 IS 5 BP 1299 EP 1308 DI 10.1093/molbev/msi118 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 920OO UT WOS:000228700200016 PM 15746017 ER PT J AU Buizza, R Houtekamer, PL Toth, Z Pellerin, G Wei, MZ Zhu, YJ AF Buizza, R Houtekamer, PL Toth, Z Pellerin, G Wei, MZ Zhu, YJ TI A comparison of the ECMWF, MSC, and NCEP global ensemble prediction systems SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION SYSTEM; SINGULAR VECTORS; PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; PART I; MODEL; IMPACT; RESOLUTION; PERTURBATIONS; PERFORMANCE; VALIDATION AB The present paper summarizes the methodologies used at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the Meteorological Service of Canada (MSC), and the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) to simulate the effect of initial and model uncertainties in ensemble forecasting. The characteristics of the three systems are compared for a 3-month period between May and July 2002. The main conclusions of the study are the following: (.) the performance of ensemble prediction systems strongly depends on the quality of the data assimilation system used to create the unperturbed (best) initial condition and the numerical model used to generate the forecasts; (.) a successful ensemble prediction system should simulate the effect of both initial and model-related uncertainties on forecast errors; and (.) for all three global systems, the spread of ensemble forecasts is insufficient to systematically capture reality, suggesting that none of them is able to simulate all sources of forecast uncertainty. The relative strengths and weaknesses of the three systems identified in this study can offer guidelines for the future development of ensemble forecasting techniques. C1 ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ, Canada. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Washington, DC USA. NCEP EMC, Washington, DC USA. RP Buizza, R (reprint author), ECMWF, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. EM Buizza@ecmwf.int RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 50 TC 301 Z9 314 U1 4 U2 34 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1076 EP 1097 DI 10.1175/MWR2905.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930CH UT WOS:000229392900003 ER PT J AU Persson, POG Neiman, PJ Walter, B Bao, JW Ralph, FM AF Persson, POG Neiman, PJ Walter, B Bao, JW Ralph, FM TI Contributions from California coastal-zone surface fluxes to heavy coastal precipitation: A CALJET case study during the strong El Nino of 1998 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID EXPLOSIVELY DEEPENING CYCLONE; COLD-FRONTAL RAINBANDS; WESTERN UNITED-STATES; NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; AIR-SEA FLUXES; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; EASTERN PACIFIC; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION AB Analysis of the case of 3 February 1998, using an extensive observational system in the California Bight during an El Nino winter, has revealed that surface sensible and latent heat fluxes within 150 km of the shore contributed substantially to the destabilization of air that subsequently produced strong convection and flooding along the coast. Aircraft, dropsonde, and satellite observations gathered offshore documented the sea surface temperatures (SSTs), surface fluxes, stratification, and frontal structures. These were used to extrapolate the effects of the fluxes on the warm-sector, boundary layer air ahead of a secondary cold front as this air moved toward the coast. The extrapolated structure was then validated in detail with nearshore aircraft, wind profiler, sounding, and buoy observations of the frontal convection along the coast, and the trajectory transformations were confirmed with a model simulation. The results show that the surface fluxes increased CAPE by about 26% such that the nearshore boundary layer values of 491 J kg(-1) were near the upper end of those observed for cool-season California thunderstorms. The increased CAPE due to upward sensible and latent heat fluxes was a result of the anomalously warm coastal SSTs (+1 degrees-3 degrees C) typical of strong El Nino events. Applications of the extrapolation method using a surface flux parameterization scheme and different SSTs suggested that convective destabilization due to nearshore surface fluxes may only occur during El Nino years when positive coastal SST anomalies are present. The fluxes may have no effect or a stabilizing effect during non-El Nino years, characterized by zero or negative coastal SST anomalies. In short, during strong El Ninos, it appears that the associated coastal SST anomalies serve to further intensify the already anomalously strong storms in southern California, thus contributing to the increased flooding. This modulating effect by El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) of a mesoscale process has not been considered before in attempts at assessing the impacts of ENSO on U.S. west coast precipitation. C1 NOAA, CIRES, ETL, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. NW Res Associates, Bellevue, WA USA. RP Persson, POG (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES, ETL, Environm Technol Lab, R-ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM opersson@cires.colorado.edu NR 56 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1175 EP 1198 DI 10.1175/MWR2910.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930CH UT WOS:000229392900009 ER PT J AU Neiman, PJ Wick, GA Ralph, FM Martner, BE White, AB Kingsmill, DE AF Neiman, PJ Wick, GA Ralph, FM Martner, BE White, AB Kingsmill, DE TI Wintertime nonbrightband rain in California and Oregon during CALJET and PACJET: Geographic, interannual, and synoptic variability SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL VELOCITY; PACIFIC-OCEAN; UNITED-STATES; RADAR; PRECIPITATION; CUMULONIMBUS; MICROPHYSICS; SIMULATION; MOUNTAINS; EVOLUTION AB An objective algorithm presented in White et al. was applied to vertically pointing S-band (S-PROF) radar data recorded at four sites in northern California and western Oregon during four winters to assess the geographic, interannual, and synoptic variability of stratiform nonbrightband (NBB) rain in landfalling winter storms. NBB rain typically fell in a shallow layer residing beneath the melting level (similar to 6 km MSL) The shallow NBB echo tops often resided beneath the coverage of the operational Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) scanning radars yet were still capable of producing flooding rains. NBB rain contributed significantly to the total winter-season rainfall at each of the four geographically distinct sites (i.e., 18%-35% of the winter-season rain totals). In addition, the rainfall observed at the coastal mountain site near Cazadero, California (CZD), during each of four winters was composed of a significant percentage of NBB rain (18%-50%); substantial NBB rainfall occurred regardless of the phase of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (which ranged from strong El Nino to moderate La Nina conditions). Clearly, NBB rain occurs more widely and commonly in California and Oregon than can be inferred from the single-winter, single-site study of White et al. Composite NCEP-NCAR reanalysis maps and Geostationary Operational Environment Satellite (GOES) cloud-top temperature data were examined to evaluate the synoptic conditions that characterize periods of NBB precipitation observed at CZD and how they differ from periods with bright bands. The composites indicate that both rain types were tied generally to landfalling polar-cold-frontal systems. However, synoptic conditions favoring BB rain exhibited notable distinctions from those characterizing NBB periods. This included key differences in the position of the composite 300-mb jet stream and underlying cold front with respect to CZD, as well as notable differences in the intensity of the 500-mb shortwave trough offshore of CZD. The suite of BB composites exhibited dynamically consistent synoptic-scale characteristics that yielded stronger and deeper ascent over CZD than for the typically shallower NBB rain, consistent with the GOES satellite composites that showed 20-K warmer (2.3-km shallower) cloud tops for NBB rain. Composite soundings for both rain types possessed low-level potential instability, but the NBB sounding was warmer and moister with stronger low-level upslope flow, thus implying that orographically forced rainfall is enhanced during NBB conditions. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Neiman, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Mail Code R-ET7,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Paul.J.Neiman@noaa.gov RI White, Allen/A-7946-2009 NR 34 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1199 EP 1223 DI 10.1175/MWR2919.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930CH UT WOS:000229392900010 ER PT J AU Manney, GL Allen, DR Kruger, K Naujokat, B Santee, ML Sabutis, JL Pawson, S Swinbank, R Randall, CE Simmons, AJ Long, C AF Manney, GL Allen, DR Kruger, K Naujokat, B Santee, ML Sabutis, JL Pawson, S Swinbank, R Randall, CE Simmons, AJ Long, C TI Diagnostic comparison of meteorological analyses during the 2002 antarctic winter SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; POLAR VORTEX; STRATOSPHERIC ANALYSES; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; FEBRUARY 1979; OZONE; TRANSPORT; MODEL; REANALYSIS; SIMULATIONS AB Several meteorological datasets, including U.K. Met Office (MetO), European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and NASA's Goddard Earth Observation System (GEOS-4) analyses, are being used in studies of the 2002 Southern Hemisphere (SH) stratospheric winter and Antarctic major warming. Diagnostics are compared to assess how these studies may be affected by the meteorological data used. While the overall structure and evolution of temperatures, winds, and wave diagnostics in the different analyses provide a consistent picture of the large-scale dynamics of the SH 2002 winter, several significant differences may affect detailed studies. The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis (REAN) and NCEP-Department of Energy (DOE) reanalysis-2 (REAN-2) datasets are not recommended for detailed studies, especially those related to polar processing, because of lower-stratospheric temperature biases that result in underestimates of polar processing potential, and because their winds and wave diagnostics show increasing differences from other analyses between similar to 30 and 10 hPa (their top level). Southern Hemisphere polar stratospheric temperatures in the ECMWF 40-Yr Re-analysis (ERA-40) show unrealistic vertical structure, so this long-term reanalysis is also unsuited for quantitative studies. The NCEP/Climate Prediction Center (CPC) objective analyses give an inferior representation of the upper-stratospheric vortex. Polar vortex transport barriers are similar in all analyses, but there is large variation in the amount, patterns, and timing of mixing, even among the operational assimilated datasets (ECMWF, MetO, and GEOS-4). The higher-resolution GEOS-4 and ECMWF assimilations provide significantly better representation of filamentation and small-scale structure than the other analyses, even when fields gridded at reduced resolution are studied. The choice of which analysis to use is most critical for detailed transport studies (including polar process modeling) and studies involving synoptic evolution in the upper stratosphere. The operational assimilated datasets are better suited for most applications than the NCEP/CPC objective analyses and the reanalysis datasets (REAN/REAN-2 and ERA-40). C1 New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Sch Educ, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Math Sci, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. USN, Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-1000 Berlin, Germany. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP New Mexico Highlands Univ, Dept Nat Sci, Sch Educ, Las Vegas, NM 87701 USA. EM manney@mls.jpl.nasa.gov RI Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Randall, Cora/L-8760-2014 OI Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Randall, Cora/0000-0002-4313-4397 NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1261 EP 1278 DI 10.1175/MWR2926.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930CH UT WOS:000229392900013 ER PT J AU Cohen, RA Schultz, DM AF Cohen, RA Schultz, DM TI Contraction rate and its relationship to frontogenesis, the Lyapunov exponent, fluid trapping, and airstream boundaries SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LAGRANGIAN-BASED ANALYSIS; NONDIVERGENT VORTEX; KINEMATIC ANALYSIS; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; BAROCLINIC WAVES; NUMERICAL-MODEL; COLD FRONTS; JET STREAKS; Q-VECTOR; MOTION AB Although a kinematic framework for diagnosing frontogenesis exists in the form of the Petterssen frontogenesis function and its vector generalization, a similar framework for diagnosing airstream boundaries (e.g., drylines, lee troughs) has not been constructed. This paper presents such a framework, beginning with a kinematic expression for the rate of change of the separation vector between two adjacent air parcels. The maximum growth rate of the separation vector is called the instantaneous dilatation rate and its orientation is called the axis of dilatation. Similarly, a maximum decay rate is called the instantaneous contraction rate and its orientation is called the axis of contraction. These expressions are related to the vector frontogenesis function, in that the growth rate of the separation vector corresponds with the scalar frontogenesis function, and the rotation rate of the separation vector corresponds with the rotational component of the vector frontogenesis function. Because vorticity can rotate air-parcel pairs out of regions of deformation, the instantaneous dilatation and contraction rates and axes may not be appropriate diagnostics of airstream boundaries for fluid flows in general. Rather, the growth rate and orientation of an airstream boundary may correspond better to the so-called asymptotic contraction rate and the asymptotic axis of dilatation, respectively. Expressions for the asymptotic dilatation and contraction rates, as well as their orientations, the asymptotic dilatation and contraction axes, are derived. The asymptotic dilatation rate is related to the Lyapunov exponent for the flow. In addition, a fluid-trapping diagnostic is derived to distinguish among adjacent parcels being pulled apart, being pushed together, or trapped in an eddy. Finally, these diagnostics are applied to simple, idealized, steady-state flows and a nonsteady idealized vortex in nondivergent, diffluent flow to show their utility for determining the character of air-parcel trajectories and airstream boundaries. C1 NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. E Stroudsburg Univ, Dept Phys, E Stroudsburg, PA USA. RP Schultz, DM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM david.schultz@noaa.gov RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975 NR 48 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1353 EP 1369 DI 10.1175/MWR2922.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930CH UT WOS:000229392900019 ER PT J AU Krasnopolsky, VM Fox-Rabinovitz, MS Chalikov, DV AF Krasnopolsky, VM Fox-Rabinovitz, MS Chalikov, DV TI New approach to calculation of atmospheric model physics: Accurate and fast neural network emulation of longwave radiation in a climate model SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PARAMETERIZATION; APPROXIMATIONS; WATER AB A new approach based on a synergetic combination of statistical/machine learning and deterministic modeling within atmospheric models is presented. The approach uses neural networks as a statistical or machine learning technique for an accurate and fast emulation or statistical approximation of model physics parameterizations. It is applied to development of an accurate and fast approximation of an atmospheric longwave radiation parameterization for the NCAR Community Atmospheric Model, which is the most time consuming component of model physics. The developed neural network emulation is two orders of magnitude, 50-80 times, faster than the original parameterization. A comparison of the parallel 10-yr climate simulations performed with the original parameterization and its neural network emulations confirmed that these simulations produce almost identical results. The obtained results show the conceptual and practical possibility of an efficient synergetic combination of deterministic and statistical learning components within an atmospheric climate or forecast model. A developmental framework and practical validation criteria for neural network emulations of model physics components are outlined. C1 NOAA, NCEP, SAIC, Camp Springs, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Krasnopolsky, VM (reprint author), 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Viadimir.Krasnopolsky@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1370 EP 1383 DI 10.1175/MWR2923.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930CH UT WOS:000229392900020 ER PT J AU Juang, HMH Lee, CT Zhang, YX Song, YC Wu, MC Chen, YL Kodama, K Chen, SC AF Juang, HMH Lee, CT Zhang, YX Song, YC Wu, MC Chen, YL Kodama, K Chen, SC TI Applying horizontal diffusion on pressure surface to mesoscale models on terrain-following coordinates SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL; NCEP; EQUATIONS; NMC AB The National Centers for Environmental Prediction regional spectral model and mesoscale spectral model (NCEP RSM/MSM) use a spectral computation on perturbation. The perturbation is defined as a deviation between RSM/MSM forecast value and their outer model or analysis value on model sigma-coordinate surfaces. The horizontal diffusion used in the models applies perturbation diffusion in spectral space on model sigma-coordinate surfaces. However, because of the large difference between RSM/MSM and their outer model or analysis terrains, the perturbation on sigma surfaces could be large over steep mountain areas as horizontal resolution increases. This large perturbation could introduce systematical error due to artificial vertical mixing from horizontal diffusion on sigma surface for variables with strong vertical stratification, such as temperature and humidity. This nonnegligible error would eventually ruin the forecast and simulation results over mountain areas in high-resolution modeling. To avoid the erroneous vertical mixing on the systematic perturbation, a coordinate transformation is applied in deriving a horizontal diffusion on pressure surface from the variables provided on terrain-following sigma coordinates. Three cases are selected to illustrate the impact of the horizontal diffusion on pressure surfaces, which reduces or eliminates numerical errors of mesoscale modeling over mountain areas. These cases address concerns from all aspects, including unstable and stable synoptic conditions, moist and dry atmospheric settings, weather and climate integrations, hydrostatic and nonhydrostatic modeling, and island and continental orography. After implementing the horizontal diffusion on pressure surfaces for temperature and humidity, the results show better rainfall and flow pattern simulations when compared to observations. Horizontal diffusion corrects the warming, moistening, excessive rainfall, and convergent flow patterns around high mountains under unstable and moist synoptic conditions and corrects the cooling, drying, and divergent flow patterns under stable and dry synoptic settings. C1 NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NCEP, RSIS Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Natl Weather Serv Pacific Reg, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Expt Climate Predict Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Juang, HMH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Sci Ctr, Room 204,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Henry.Juang@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1384 EP 1402 DI 10.1175/MWR2925.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930CH UT WOS:000229392900021 ER PT J AU Beven, JL Avila, LA Franklin, JL Lawrence, MB Pasch, RJ Stewart, SR AF Beven, JL Avila, LA Franklin, JL Lawrence, MB Pasch, RJ Stewart, SR TI Eastern North Pacific hurricane season of 2003 SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article AB The tropical cyclone activity for 2003 in the eastern North Pacific hurricane basin is summarized. Activity during 2003 was slightly below normal. Sixteen tropical storms developed, seven of which became hurricanes. However, there were no major hurricanes in the basin for the first time since 1977. The first hurricane did not form until 24 August, the latest observed first hurricane at least since reliable satellite observations began in 1966. Five tropical cyclones made landfall on the Pacific coast of Mexico, resulting in 14 deaths. C1 NOAA, NWS, Trop Predict Ctr, Natl Hurricane Ctr, Miami, FL 33165 USA. RP Beven, JL (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Trop Predict Ctr, Natl Hurricane Ctr, 11691 SW 17th St, Miami, FL 33165 USA. EM John.L.Beven@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 133 IS 5 BP 1403 EP 1414 DI 10.1175/MWR2917.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 930CH UT WOS:000229392900022 ER PT J AU Oh, SR Mankala, KK Agrawal, SK Albus, JS AF Oh, SR Mankala, KK Agrawal, SK Albus, JS TI Dynamic modeling and robust controller design of a two-stage parallel cable robot SO MULTIBODY SYSTEM DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE dynamics; modeling; two-stage cable robot; robust control; crane ship; cargo transfer AB Cable robots have been extensively used for the loading and unloading of cargo in shipping industries. In this paper, we look at a two stage cable robot, i.e., a cable robot with two moving platforms connected in series. The sea condition introduces disturbance into the system. This disturbance is considered while modeling the dynamics of the two stage cable robot. A robust controller is designed which can assure robust tracking of the desired end-effector trajectory in the presence of the disturbance. Simulation results presented show the effectiveness of the controller. C1 Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM agrawal@me.udel.edu NR 9 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1384-5640 EI 1573-272X J9 MULTIBODY SYST DYN JI Multibody Syst. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 13 IS 4 BP 385 EP 399 DI 10.1007/s11044-005-2517-8 PG 15 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 938VZ UT WOS:000230032800002 ER PT J AU Bernard, EN AF Bernard, EN TI The US National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program: A successful State-Federal partnership SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE tsunami hazard reduction; tsunami; tsunameters; State-Federal partnerships ID UNITED-STATES AB The U.S. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) is a State/Federal partnership created to reduce tsunami hazards along U.S. coastlines. Established in 1996, NTHMP coordinates the efforts of five Pacific States: Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington with the three Federal agencies responsible for tsunami hazard mitigation: the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In the 7 years of the program it has, 1. established a tsunami forecasting capability for the two tsunami warning centers through the combined use of deep ocean tsunami data and numerical models; 2. upgraded the seismic network enabling the tsunami warning centers to locate and size earthquakes faster and more accurately; 3. produced 22 tsunami inundation maps covering 113 coastal communities with a population at risk of over a million people; 4. initiated a program to develop tsunami-resilient communities through awareness, education, warning dissemination, mitigation incentives, coastal planning, and construction guidelines; 5. conducted surveys that indicate a positive impact of the programs activities in raising tsunami awareness. A 17-member Steering Group consisting of representatives from the five Pacific States, NOAA, FEMA, USGS, and the National Science Foundation (NSF) guides NTHMP. The success of the program has been the result of a personal commitment by steering group members that has leveraged the total Federal funding by contributions from the States and Federal Agencies at a ratio of over six matching dollars to every NTHMP dollar. Twice yearly meetings of the steering group promote communication between scientists and emergency managers, and among the State and Federal agencies. From its initiation NTHMP has been based on the needs of coastal communities and emergency managers and has been results driven because of the cycle of year-to-year funding for the first 5 years. A major impact of the program occurred on 17 November 2003, when an Alaskan tsunami warning was canceled because real-time, deep ocean tsunami data indicated the tsunami would be non-damaging. Canceling this warning averted an evacuation in Hawaii, avoiding a loss in productivity valued at $68M. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bernard, EN (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eddie.n.bernard@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAY PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 5 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s11069-004-2401-5 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 902EJ UT WOS:000227336500002 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, FI Bernard, EN Meinig, C Eble, MC Mofjeld, HO Stalin, S AF Gonzalez, FI Bernard, EN Meinig, C Eble, MC Mofjeld, HO Stalin, S TI The NTHMP tsunameter network SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE tsunami; tsunameter; tsunami measurement; tsunami warning; tsunami forecast; hazard mitigation; National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program ID OCEAN; PACIFIC; ARRAY AB A tsunameter (soo-NAHM-etter) network has been established in the Pacific by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Named by analogy with seismometers, the NOAA tsunameters provide early detection and real-time measurements of deep-ocean tsunamis as they propagate toward coastal communities, enabling the rapid assessment of their destructive potential. Development and maintenance of this network supports a State-driven, high-priority goal of the U.S. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program to improve the speed and reliability of tsunami warnings. The network is now operational, with excellent reliability and data quality, and has proven its worth to warning center decision-makers during potentially tsunamigenic earthquake events; the data have helped avoid issuance of a tsunami warning or have led to cancellation of a tsunami warning, thus averting potentially costly and hazardous evacuations. Optimizing the operational value of the network requires implementation of real-time tsunami forecasting capabilities that integrate tsunameter data with numerical modeling technology. Expansion to a global tsunameter network is needed to accelerate advances in tsunami research and hazard mitigation, and will require a cooperative and coordinated international effort. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gonzalez, FI (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM frank.i.gonzalez@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 15 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X EI 1573-0840 J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAY PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 25 EP 39 DI 10.1007/s11069-004-2402-4 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 902EJ UT WOS:000227336500003 ER PT J AU Titov, VV Gonzalez, FI Bernard, EN Eble, MC Mofjeld, HO Newman, JC Venturato, AJ AF Titov, VV Gonzalez, FI Bernard, EN Eble, MC Mofjeld, HO Newman, JC Venturato, AJ TI Real-time tsunami forecasting: Challenges and solutions SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE tsunami; real-time forecast; tsunami measurement; tsunami model; data assimilation; data inversion; tsunami warning; tsunameters ID RUNUP AB A new method for real-time tsunami forecasting will provide NOAAs Tsunami Warning Centers with forecast guidance tools during an actual tsunami event. PMEL has developed the methodology of combining real-time data from tsunameters with numerical model estimates to provide site- and event-specific forecasts for tsunamis in real time. An overview of the technique and testing of this methodology is presented. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Titov, VV (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM vasily.titov@noaa.gov RI Newman, Jean/K-6638-2015; OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 27 TC 128 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAY PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 41 EP 58 DI 10.1007/s11069-004-2403-3 PG 18 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 902EJ UT WOS:000227336500004 ER PT J AU Oppenheimer, DH Bittenbinder, AN Bogaert, BM Buland, RP Dietz, LD Hansen, RA Malone, SD McCreery, CS Sokolowski, TJ Whitmore, PM Weaver, CS AF Oppenheimer, DH Bittenbinder, AN Bogaert, BM Buland, RP Dietz, LD Hansen, RA Malone, SD McCreery, CS Sokolowski, TJ Whitmore, PM Weaver, CS TI The seismic project of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE tsunami warning; earthquake monitoring; seismic network; seismic instrumentation; earthquake; tsunami ID EARTHQUAKE AB In 1997, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the five western States of Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington joined in a partnership called the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) to enhance the quality and quantity of seismic data provided to the NOAA tsunami warning centers in Alaska and Hawaii. The NTHMP funded a seismic project that now provides the warning centers with real-time seismic data over dedicated communication links and the Internet from regional seismic networks monitoring earthquakes in the five western states, the U.S. National Seismic Network in Colorado, and from domestic and global seismic stations operated by other agencies. The goal of the project is to reduce the time needed to issue a tsunami warning by providing the warning centers with high-dynamic range, broadband waveforms in near real time. An additional goal is to reduce the likelihood of issuing false tsunami warnings by rapidly providing to the warning centers parametric information on earthquakes that could indicate their tsunamigenic potential, such as hypocenters, magnitudes, moment tensors, and shake distribution maps. New or upgraded field instrumentation was installed over a 5-year period at 53 seismic stations in the five western states. Data from these instruments has been integrated into the seismic network utilizing Earthworm software. This network has significantly reduced the time needed to respond to teleseismic and regional earthquakes. Notably, the West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center responded to the 28 February 2001 Mw 6.8 Nisqually earthquake beneath Olympia, Washington within 2 minutes compared to an average response time of over 10 minutes for the previous 18 years. C1 US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. US Geol Survey, Golden, CO USA. Univ Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Richard H Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI USA. W Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Ctr, Palmer, AK USA. US Geol Survey, Seattle, WA USA. RP Oppenheimer, DH (reprint author), 345 Middlefield Rd,MS 977, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM oppen@usgs.gov OI Oppenheimer, David/0000-0002-6569-3640 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAY PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 59 EP 72 DI 10.1007/s11069-004-2404-2 PG 14 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 902EJ UT WOS:000227336500005 ER PT J AU McCreery, CS AF McCreery, CS TI Impact of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program on operations of the Richard H. Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Center SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE tsunami; tsunami warnings; National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program; tsunami forecasts; tsunami models; Pacific Tsunami Warning Center; run-up detectors; tsunameter ID EARTHQUAKES AB The first 7 years of the National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program (NTHMP) have had a significant positive impact on operations of the Richard H. Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Center (PTWC). As a result of its seismic project, the amount and quality of real-time seismic data flowing into PTWC has increased dramatically, enabling more rapid, accurate, and detailed analyses of seismic events with tsunamigenic potential. Its tsunameter project is now providing real-time tsunameter data from seven strategic locations in the deep ocean to more accurately measure tsunami waves as they propagate from likely source regions toward shorelines at risk. These data have already been used operationally to help evaluate potential tsunami threats. A new type of tsunami run-up gauge has been deployed in Hawaii to more rapidly assess local tsunamis. Lastly, numerical modeling of tsunamis done with support from the NTHMP is beginning to provide tools for real-time tsunami forecasting that should reduce the incidence of unnecessary warnings and provide more accurate forecasts for destructive tsunamis. C1 NOAA, Richard H Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. RP McCreery, CS (reprint author), NOAA, Richard H Hagemeyer Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, 91-270 Ft Weaver Rd, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. EM charles.mccreery@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 18 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAY PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 73 EP 88 DI 10.1007/s11069-004-2405-1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 902EJ UT WOS:000227336500006 ER PT J AU Gonzalez, FI Titov, VV Mofjeld, HO Venturato, AJ Simmons, RS Hansen, R Combellick, R Eisner, RK Hoirup, DF Yanagi, BS Yong, S Darienzo, M Priest, GR Crawford, GL Walsh, TJ AF Gonzalez, FI Titov, VV Mofjeld, HO Venturato, AJ Simmons, RS Hansen, R Combellick, R Eisner, RK Hoirup, DF Yanagi, BS Yong, S Darienzo, M Priest, GR Crawford, GL Walsh, TJ TI Progress in NTHMP Hazard Assessment SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE tsunami modeling; mapping; Hazard Assessment; National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program; emergency management; evacuation AB The Hazard Assessment component of the U.S. National Tsunami Hazard Mitigation Program has completed 22 modeling efforts covering 113 coastal communities with an estimated population of 1.2 million residents that are at risk. Twenty-three evacuation maps have also been completed. Important improvements in organizational structure have been made with the addition of two State geotechnical agency representatives to Steering Group membership, and progress has been made on other improvements suggested by program reviewers. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Alaska, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Governors Off Emergency Serv, CISN Program, Oakland, CA 94610 USA. Governors Off Emergency Serv, Earthquake Program, Oakland, CA 94610 USA. Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Engn, Honolulu, HI USA. Oregon Emergency Management, Salem, OR 97309 USA. Oregon Dept Geol & Mineral Ind, Coastal Field Off, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Washington State Mil Dept, Emergency Management Div, Camp Murray, WA 98430 USA. Washington State Dept Nat Resources, Div Geol & Earth Resources, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. RP Gonzalez, FI (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM frank.i.gonzalez@noaa.gov OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAY PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 89 EP 110 DI 10.1007/s11069-004-2406-0 PG 22 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 902EJ UT WOS:000227336500007 ER PT J AU Darienzo, M Aya, A Crawford, GL Gibbs, D Whitmore, PM Wilde, T Yanagi, BS AF Darienzo, M Aya, A Crawford, GL Gibbs, D Whitmore, PM Wilde, T Yanagi, BS TI Local tsunami warning in the Pacific coastal United States SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article DE tsunami warning; warning system; siren; telephone; weather radio; emergency alert system; natural tsunami warning; ground shaking; slow earthquake; submarine landslide; evacuation; population at risk; sea level; tsunami watch; tsunami warning AB Coastal areas are warned of a tsunami by natural phenomena and man-made warning systems. Earthquake shaking and/or unusual water conditions, such as rapid changes in water level, are natural phenomena that warn coastal areas of a local tsunami that will arrive in minutes. Unusual water conditions are the natural warning for a distant tsunami. Man-made warning systems include sirens, telephones, weather radios, and the Emergency Alert System. Man-made warning systems are normally used for distant tsunamis, but can be used to reinforce the natural phenomena if the systems can survive earthquake shaking. The tsunami warning bulletins provided by the West Coast/Alaska and Pacific Tsunami Warning Centers and the flow of tsunami warning from warning centers to the locals are critical steps in the warning process. Public knowledge of natural phenomena coupled with robust, redundant, and widespread man-made warning systems will ensure that all residents and tourists in the inundation zone are warned in an effective and timely manner. C1 Dept Land Conservat & Dev, Salem, OR 97301 USA. Cannon Beach Rural Fire Protect Dist, Cannon Beach, OR 97110 USA. Washington State Mil Dept, Emergency Management Div, Camp Murray, WA 98430 USA. Kenai Peninsula Borough, Off Emergency Management, Soldotna, AK 99669 USA. W Coast Alaska Tsunami Warning Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. Natl Weather Serv, Portland, OR 97230 USA. Hawaii Civil Def, Honolulu, HI 96816 USA. RP Darienzo, M (reprint author), Dept Land Conservat & Dev, 635 Capitol St,Suite 150, Salem, OR 97301 USA. EM mark.darienzo@state.or.us NR 2 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD MAY PY 2005 VL 35 IS 1 BP 111 EP 119 DI 10.1007/s11069-004-2407-z PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 902EJ UT WOS:000227336500008 ER PT J AU Axel, GA Prentice, EF Sandford, BP AF Axel, GA Prentice, EF Sandford, BP TI PIT-tag detection system for large-diameter juvenile fish bypass pipes at Columbia River basin hydroelectric dams SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article AB We developed a prototype detection system with increased reading range for passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags. The system eliminates the need to route juvenile salmonids to sampling and collection facilities for detection and allows fisheries management greater flexibility in safely bypassing juvenile salmonids at dams. This technology can be applied to PIT-tag studies elsewhere, especially those directed at recovery of threatened and endangered salmonid populations. The system exceeded the intended goal of 95% tag-reading efficiency and yielded reading efficiencies near 100% for the four antennas combined. In tests using juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and subyearling Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha, the system worked as designed under a variety of release times and densities. Both direct and indirect methods were used to evaluate the system. The direct method used a known number of tagged fish released at a specific location and compared that number to the number of unique tag codes read. Using this method, over 98% reading efficiency was obtained under all test conditions. The indirect method relied upon a statistical comparison of reading performance between antennas during the juvenile migration season. This method showed that the system efficiency ranged between 99.5% and 100%. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Axel, GA (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Gordon.Axel@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 25 IS 2 BP 646 EP 651 DI 10.1577/M04-071.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 936ET UT WOS:000229839000025 ER PT J AU Lyons, ET DeLong, RL Spraker, TR Melin, SR Laake, JL Tolliver, SC AF Lyons, ET DeLong, RL Spraker, TR Melin, SR Laake, JL Tolliver, SC TI Seasonal prevalence and intensity of hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) in California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups born in 2002 on San Miguel Island, California SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN FUR-SEAL; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; ANCYLOSTOMATIDAE; NEMATODA; BIOLOGY AB Intestines of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups (n= 204), born in 2002 on San Miguel Island, California, were examined for hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) as part of a seasonal mortality study from June through December 2002 and January 2003. The investigation was planned to coincide with most of the previously established hookworm infection period of the pups. Prevalence of hookworms in dead pups was 100% for each month of the study. The geometric mean intensity of infections per month was: 94.03 (n=30) for June, 629.09 (n=50) for July, 319.90 (n=31) for August, 159.90 (n=30) for October, 109.03 (n=30) for November, 37.84 (n=24) for December 2002 and 11.05 (n=9) for January 2003. In addition to the temporal pattern, the infection intensity was higher for pups in good condition and for male pups. An inter-year comparison of hookworm counts from dead pups collected in July of 1996, 2000, and 2002 also demonstrated higher intensity in pups in better condition but sex-differences in intensity were inconsistent across years. The inter-year comparison also demonstrated higher intensities in dead pups collected from portions of the rookery with sandy substrate versus rocky substrate. No annual differences in intensity were found after adjusting for substrate and condition. C1 Univ Kentucky, Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Colorado State Univ, Coll Vet Med & Biomed Sci, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Pathol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Lyons, ET (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Gluck Equine Res Ctr, Dept Vet Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. EM elyons1@uky.edu; robert.delong@noaa.gov; tspraker@colostate.ed; sharon.melin@noaa.gov; Jeff.Laake@noaa.gov; sctoll1@uky.edu NR 15 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 96 IS 2 BP 127 EP 132 DI 10.1007/s00436-005-1335-5 PG 6 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 923OS UT WOS:000228919800008 PM 15824900 ER PT J AU Lee, S Kim, L Song, J Griffith, D Sriram, K AF Lee, S Kim, L Song, J Griffith, D Sriram, K TI Dynamic deflection routing with virtual wavelength assignment in optical burst-switched networks SO PHOTONIC NETWORK COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE optical burst switching; detection routing; virtual wavelength assignment; burst blocking AB In optical burst-switched networks, one of the most significant issues is contention resolution. There have been several deflection routing techniques as contention resolution. While contention is resolved by traditional deflection routing, it cannot guarantee that the control packet will reserve all the wavelengths successfully to the destination on the alternate path, especially when traffic load in a network is high. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a Deflection Routing with Virtual Wavelength Assignment (DR-VWA) algorithm in order to provide a higher resource guarantee for loss-sensitive traffic bursts. The proposed DR-VWA scheme (1) dynamically decides the alternate path with the least traffic load and (2) allows high-priority bursts in terms of loss to be assigned available wavelengths over the path virtually. The proposed scheme is evaluated through simulation, and it is shown that significant improvement with regard to burst loss and wavelength conversion cost can be achieved. C1 Sejong Univ, Seoul, South Korea. Yonsei Univ, Seoul 120749, South Korea. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Sejong Univ, Seoul, South Korea. RI Sriram, Kotikalapudi/B-3294-2009; Song, Jooseok/G-8615-2012 NR 11 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1387-974X J9 PHOTONIC NETW COMMUN JI Photonic Netw. Commun. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 9 IS 3 BP 347 EP 355 DI 10.1007/s11107-004-6437-y PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Optics; Telecommunications GA 914NE UT WOS:000228233700006 ER PT J AU Brennen, GK O'Leary, DP Bullock, SS AF Brennen, GK O'Leary, DP Bullock, SS TI Criteria for exact qudit universality SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM GATES; ENTANGLEMENT; ATOMS; STATE AB We describe criteria for implementation of quantum computation in qudits. A qudit is a d-dimensional system whose Hilbert space is spanned by states \0&RANGBRAC;, \1&RANGBRAC;, ..., \d-1&RANGBRAC;. An important earlier work [A. Muthukrishnan and C.R. Stroud, Jr., Phys. Rev. A 62, 052309 (2000)] describes how to exactly simulate an arbitrary unitary on multiple qudits using a 2d-1 parameter family of single qudit and two qudit gates. That technique is based on the spectral decomposition of unitaries. Here we generalize this argument to show that exact universality follows given a discrete set of single qudit Hamiltonians and one two-qudit Hamiltonian. The technique is related to the QR-matrix decomposition of numerical linear algebra. We consider a generic physical system in which the single qudit Hamiltonians are a small collection of H-jk(x) = (h) over bar &UOmega;(\k][j\+\j][k\) and H-jk(y) = (h) over bar &UOmega;(i\k][j\-i\j][k\). A coupling graph results taking nodes 0,..., d-1 and edges j &LRARR; k iff H-jk(x,y) are allowed Hamiltonians. One qudit exact universality follows iff this graph is connected, and complete universality results if the two-qudit Hamiltonian H=(h) over bar &UOmega;\d-1, d-1][d-1, d-1\ is also allowed. We discuss implementation in the eight dimensional ground electronic states of Rb-87 and construct an optimal gate sequence using Raman laser pulses. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Comp Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brennen, GK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gavin.brennen@nist.gov; oleary@cs.umd.edu; stephen.bullock@nist.gov RI Brennen, Gavin/C-2293-2009 OI Brennen, Gavin/0000-0002-6019-966X NR 28 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2005 VL 71 IS 5 AR 052318 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.052318 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 932HA UT WOS:000229543600032 ER PT J AU Tiesinga, E Jones, KM Lett, PD Volz, U Williams, CJ Julienne, PS AF Tiesinga, E Jones, KM Lett, PD Volz, U Williams, CJ Julienne, PS TI Measurement and modeling of hyperfine- and rotation-induced state mixing in large weakly bound sodium dimers SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ALKALI-METAL DIMERS; PHOTOASSOCIATIVE SPECTROSCOPY; 2-COLOR PHOTOASSOCIATION; DISPERSION COEFFICIENTS; SCATTERING LENGTHS; ATOM COLLISIONS; COOLED ATOMS; LINE-SHAPES; NA ATOMS; COLD AB We present high-precision trap loss spectroscopy of excited Na-2 molecules obtained by the photoassociation of ultracold sodium atoms. Near the 3 S-2+3 P-2(3/2) dissociation limit, hyperfine and rotational (Coriolis-type) interactions cause significant mixing of states of different nominal Hund's case (c) symmetry resulting in a complex pattern of spectral lines. We construct a theoretical model of the large, slowly rotating molecule starting from a long-range, atomic viewpoint. Interaction potentials are derived from the known long-range resonant dipole and van der Waals forces between atoms, supplemented at short range by the results of ab initio electronic-structure calculations. Spin-dependent interactions coupling the various angular momenta-nuclear spin, electron spin, electron orbit, and the mechanical rotation of the molecule as a whole-are derived from known atomic parameters. We avoid imposing approximate symmetries or coupling schemes and consequently include all nonadiabatic mixing of different degrees of freedom. Quantitative agreement between experiment and theory for both line positions and intensities is found. Specifically, we observe and calculate mixing of levels of 0(g)(-), 0(u)(+), and 1(g) symmetry bound by < 50 GHz below the 3 S-2+3 P-2(3/2) asymptote. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8423, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 NR 47 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9926 EI 2469-9934 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2005 VL 71 IS 5 AR 052703 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.71.052703 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 932HA UT WOS:000229543600059 ER PT J AU Iniguez, J Yildirim, T AF Iniguez, J Yildirim, T TI Unusual structural tuning of magnetism in cuprate perovskites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID EXCHANGE INTERACTIONS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; INSULATORS AB Understanding the structural underpinnings of magnetism is cf great fundamental and practical interest. Se1-xTexCuO3 solid solutions are model systems for the study of this question, as composition-induced structural changes control their magnetic interactions. Our paper reveals that this structural tuning is associated with the position of the supposedly dummy atoms Se and Te relative to the superexchange (SE) Cu-O-Cu paths, and not with the SE angles as previously thought. We discuss the possible microscopic mechanisms responsible for this surprising effect. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Iniguez, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Iniguez, Jorge/B-6856-2009 OI Iniguez, Jorge/0000-0001-6435-3604 NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2005 VL 71 IS 18 AR 180415 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.180415 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 940DO UT WOS:000230124100017 ER PT J AU Santini, P Carretta, S Amoretti, G Guidi, T Caciuffo, R Caneschi, A Rovai, D Qiu, Y Copley, JRD AF Santini, P Carretta, S Amoretti, G Guidi, T Caciuffo, R Caneschi, A Rovai, D Qiu, Y Copley, JRD TI Spin dynamics and tunneling of the Neel vector in the Fe-10 magnetic wheel SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENTRAPPING ALKALINE IONS; MOLECULAR MAGNETS; ANISOTROPY; CLUSTERS; PROTON; RINGS; NMR AB The spin dynamics of a ring-shaped molecule comprising 10 iron(III) ions (s=5/2) is studied by inelastic neutron scattering. Exchange integrals and single-ion anisotropy parameters are determined by studying several intermultiplet excitations. Difficulties associated with the dimension of the Hilbert space are overcome by exploiting both the irreducible tensor operator technique and the Lanczos algorithm. By calculating the time correlation function of the Neel vector we show that the low-temperature spin dynamics of Fe-10 is only approximately described by the semiclassical picture of tunneling of the Neel vector. C1 Univ Parma, Dipartimento Fis, I-43100 Parma, Italy. Univ Politecn Marche, Dipartimento Fis & Ingn Mat & Terr, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. Univ Florence, UdR INSTM, Dipartimento Chim, I-50019 Florence, Italy. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Santini, P (reprint author), Univ Parma, Dipartimento Fis, Viale Sci, I-43100 Parma, Italy. OI Caciuffo, Roberto G. M./0000-0002-8708-6219 NR 25 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2005 VL 71 IS 18 AR 184405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.184405 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 940DO UT WOS:000230124100061 ER PT J AU Nico, JS Dewey, MS Gilliam, DM Wietfeldt, FE Fei, X Snow, WM Greene, GL Pauwels, J Eykens, R Lamberty, A Gestel, JV Scott, RD AF Nico, JS Dewey, MS Gilliam, DM Wietfeldt, FE Fei, X Snow, WM Greene, GL Pauwels, J Eykens, R Lamberty, A Gestel, JV Scott, RD TI Measurement of the neutron lifetime by counting trapped protons in a cold neutron beam SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID (LIF)-LI-6 REFERENCE DEPOSITS; INELASTICALLY SCATTERED NEUTRONS; STORING ULTRACOLD NEUTRONS; CHARGED-PARTICLE REACTIONS; BETA-DECAY; B-10; TESTS; NUCLEOSYNTHESIS; FERMIONS; TARGETS AB A measurement of the neutron lifetime tau(n) performed by the absolute counting of in-beam neutrons and their decay protons has been completed. Protons confined in a quasi-Penning trap were accelerated onto a silicon detector held at a high potential and counted with nearly unit efficiency. The neutrons were counted by a device with an efficiency inversely proportional to neutron velocity, which cancels the dwell time of the neutron beam in the trap. The result is tau(n) = (886.3 +/- 1.2[stat] +/- 3.2[sys]) s, which is the most precise measurement of the lifetime using an in-beam method. The systematic uncertainty is dominated by neutron counting, in particular, the mass of the deposit and the Li-6(n,t) cross section. The measurement technique and apparatus, data analysis, and investigation of systematic uncertainties are discussed in detail. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Univ Tennessee, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. Scottish Univ Res & Reactor Ctr, E Kilbride G75 0QU, Lanark, Scotland. RP NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 59 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9985 EI 2469-9993 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD MAY PY 2005 VL 71 IS 5 AR 055502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.71.055502 PG 27 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 930TO UT WOS:000229440200064 ER PT J AU Ali, ME McFadden, GB AF Ali, ME McFadden, GB TI Linear stability of cylindrical Couette flow in the convection regime SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID RADIAL TEMPERATURE-GRADIENT; TALL VERTICAL ANNULUS; ROTATING INNER CYLINDER; NATURAL-CONVECTION; INSTABILITIES; SLOT AB The instability of steady circular Couette flow with radial heating across a vertically oriented annulus with a rotating inner cylinder and a stationary outer cylinder is investigated using a linear stability analysis. The convection regime base flow is developed for an infinite aspect ratio geometry and constant fluid properties with buoyancy included through the Boussinesq approximation. The base flow is characterized by a dimensionless stratification parameter gamma that is proportional to the vertical temperature gradient. Critical stability boundaries are calculated for this assumed base flow with respect to both toroidal and helical disturbances. The numerical investigation is primarily restricted to a radius ratio of 0.6 at a Prandtl number of 100. Critical stability boundaries in Taylor-Grashof number space are presented for two values of the stratification parameter gamma (4 and 13). The results follow the development of critical stability from Taylor cells at small Grashof numbers up to a maximum Grashof number used in this calculation of 20 000 and 80 000 for gamma=4 and 13, respectively. Results show that increasing the stratification parameter stabilizes the isothermal Taylor vortices, followed by a destabilization at higher azimuthal mode numbers (n > 0). The results also show that for gamma=4 (close to the conduction regime), two modes are obtained: one is axisymmetric and the other is nonaxisymmetric. However, for the convection regime (large gamma) six asymmetric modes are obtained. Finally, the disturbance wavelength, phase speed, and spiral inclination angle are presented as a function of the critical Grashof number for the stratification parameters considered in this work. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 King Saud Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McFadden, GB (reprint author), King Saud Univ, Dept Mech Engn, POB 800, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia. EM mali@ksu.edu.sa; mcfadden@nist.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008; Ali, Mohamed/E-3986-2014 OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103; Ali, Mohamed/0000-0001-8149-8098 NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD MAY PY 2005 VL 17 IS 5 AR 054112 DI 10.1063/1.1905482 PG 11 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 925SN UT WOS:000229073700028 ER PT J AU Charnock, FT Lopusnik, R Silva, TJ AF Charnock, FT Lopusnik, R Silva, TJ TI Pump-probe Faraday rotation magnetometer using two diode lasers SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID SPIN; GAAS AB A time-resolved Faraday rotation magnetometer using externally triggered pulsed diode lasers is described. This device permits measurement of the dynamic properties of polarized electronic spins in semiconductors. A nonequilibrium spin polarization is created in the conduction band electrons of n-type GaAs using a circularly polarized laser pulse generated by a pulsed laser diode. A subsequent linearly polarized pulse from a second laser diode probes the time evolved electronic polarization via the Faraday effect. Since two different laser diodes are used for the pump and probe process, the dynamics of optically pumped spins can be directly observed at arbitrarily long pump-probe delays with a temporal resolution of 75 ps and a spatial resolution of 25 mu m. The signal-to-noise of the laser diodes is sufficient to achieve a sensitivity on the order of 3000 spins. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wake Forest Univ, Winston Salem, NC 27106 USA. EM charnock@mailaps.org RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 EI 1089-7623 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 76 IS 5 AR 056105 DI 10.1063/1.1912688 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 925PF UT WOS:000229064300075 ER PT J AU Hussey, DS Rich, DR Belov, AS Tong, X Yang, H Bailey, C Keith, CD Hartfield, J Hall, GDR Black, TC Snow, WM Gentile, TR Chen, WC Jones, GL Wildman, E AF Hussey, DS Rich, DR Belov, AS Tong, X Yang, H Bailey, C Keith, CD Hartfield, J Hall, GDR Black, TC Snow, WM Gentile, TR Chen, WC Jones, GL Wildman, E TI Polarized He-3 gas compression system using metastability-exchange optical pumping SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SPIN FILTER; NUCLEAR-POLARIZATION; HEXALUMINATE LASER; RELAXATION; MRI; HE3 AB Dense samples (10-100 bar cm) of nuclear spin polarized He-3 are utilized in high energy physics, neutron scattering, atomic physics, and magnetic resonance imaging. Metastability exchange optical pumping can rapidly produce high He-3 polarizations (&AP; 80%) at low pressures (few mbar). We describe a polarized He-3 gas compressor system which accepts 0.26 bar l h(-1) of He-3 gas polarized to 70% by a 4 W neodymium doped lanthanum magnesium hexaluminate (Nd:LMA) laser and compresses it into a 5 bar cm target with final polarization of 55%. The spin relaxation rates of the system's components have been measured using nuclear magnetic resonance and a model of the He-3 polarization loss based on the measured relaxation rates and the gas flow is in agreement with a He-3 polarization measurement using neutron transmission. © 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Hamilton Coll, Dept Phys, Clinton, NY 13323 USA. RP Hussey, DS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.hussey@nist.gov RI tong, Xin/C-4853-2012 OI tong, Xin/0000-0001-6105-5345 NR 42 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 76 IS 5 AR 053503 DI 10.1063/1.1898163 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 925PF UT WOS:000229064300020 ER PT J AU Tarrio, C Grantham, S AF Tarrio, C Grantham, S TI Synchrotron beamline for extreme-ultraviolet multilayer mirror endurance testing SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID OPTICS AB The lifetime of multilayer mirrors is an outstanding problem on the road to commercialization of extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) lithography. The mirrors are exposed to high-intensity EUV radiation in a vacuum with traces of water vapor and hydrocarbons. The combination of EUV and reactive species leads to chemical degradation of the mirror surfaces-carbon deposition and/or oxidation of the Si surface. In order to understand and quantify these processes, as well as to study mitigation schemes, we have constructed a dedicated synchrotron-based facility with the capability to deliver high-intensity EUV radiation in a variety of trace-gas atmospheres. The facility features a spherical Mo-Si coated mirror and a thin Be foil captured in a gate valve, which serves as both a spectral filter and vacuum seal. We will describe this facility and its performance. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Photon Phys Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tarrio, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Photon Phys Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8410, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ctarrio@nist.gov NR 6 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 76 IS 5 AR 056101 DI 10.1063/1.1896225 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 925PF UT WOS:000229064300071 ER PT J AU Bruckner, AW AF Bruckner, AW TI The importance of the marine ornamental reef fish trade in the wider Caribbean SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Marine-Laboratories-of-the-Caribbean (AMLC) CY JUL 14-18, 2003 CL Port of Spain, TRINID & TOBAGO SP Assoc Marine Labs Caribbean, NOAA, Coastal Ocean Program, Inst Marine Affairs DE aquarium fishes; ornamental fisheries; trade in coral reef species; (CITES) Appendix II; international trade AB The marine ornamental fish trade began in the 1930s in Sri Lanka, spread to Hawaii and the Philippines in the 1950s, and expanded to a multi-million dollar industry in the 1970s with fisheries established throughout the tropical Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans. Currently, 45 countries supply global markets an estimated 14-30 million fish annually, with an import value of US$28-44 million. The largest suppliers are Indonesia and the Philippines, followed by Brazil, Maldives, Vietnam, Sri Lanka and Hawaii. In the tropical Western Atlantic, 16 countries have export fisheries, including the U.S. (Florida and Puerto Rico). The U.S. is the world's largest buyer, followed by the European Union and Japan. The global trade consists of over 1400 species of reef fishes, of which only about 25 are captive bred on a commercial scale. Damselfish, anemonefish, and angelfish constitute over 50% of the global volume; butterflyfish, wrasses, blennies, gobies, triggerfish, file-fish, hawkfishes, groupers and basselets account for 31% of the trade, and the remaining 16% is represented by 33 families. The most important fishes from the Caribbean are angelfish (six species), seahorses (two species), royal gramma, jawfish, queen triggerfish, redlip blenny, puddingwife, bluehead wrasse, and blue chromis. The Caribbean currently supplies a small percentage of the global trade in marine ornamental species, but ornamental fisheries in this region represent important emerging industries. It is critical that effective ornamental fishery management plans and regulations are developed and enforced, and fishery-dependent and fishery-independent data are collected and utilized in decision making processes to ensure sustainable ornamental fisheries throughout the region. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Off Habitat Conservat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bruckner, AW (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Off Habitat Conservat, 1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM bruckner@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 23 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 30 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 53 SU 1 BP 127 EP 137 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 945JN UT WOS:000230498900015 PM 17465152 ER PT J AU Shapiro, AC Rohmann, SO AF Shapiro, AC Rohmann, SO TI Summit-to-sea mapping and change detection using satellite imagery: tools for conservation and management of coral reefs SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 31th Annual Scientific Meeting of the Association-of-Marine-Laboratories-of-the-Caribbean (AMLC) CY JUL 14-18, 2003 CL Port of Spain, TRINID & TOBAGO SP Assoc Marine Labs Caribbean, NOAA, Coastal Ocean Program, Inst Marine Affairs DE remote sensing; benthic habitats; change analysis; Landsat; coral reefs; mapping ID ETM+ AB Continuous summit-to-sea maps showing both land features and shallow-water coral reefs have been completed in Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, using circa 2000 Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) Imagery. Continuous land/sea terrain was mapped by merging Digital Elevation Models (DEM) with satellite-derived bathymetry. Benthic habitat characterizations were created by-unsupervised classifications of Landsat imagery clustered using field data, and produced maps with an estimated overall accuracy of > 75% (Tau coefficient > 0.65). These were merged with Geocover-LC (land use/land cover) data to create continuous land/sea cover maps. Image pairs from different dates were analyzed using Principle Components Analysis (PCA) in order to detect areas of change in the marine environment over two different time intervals: 2000 to 2001, and 1991 to 2003. This activity demonstrates the capabilities of Landsat imagery to produce continuous summit-to-sea maps, as well as detect certain changes in the shallow-water marine environment, providing a valuable tool for efficient coastal zone monitoring and effective management and conservation. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Shapiro, AC (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NOS-MB7,1305 E-W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM aurelie.shapiro@noaa.gov; steve.rohmann@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 53 SU 1 BP 185 EP 193 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 945JN UT WOS:000230498900021 PM 17465158 ER PT J AU Park, J Butler, R Anderson, K Berger, J Benz, H Davis, P Hutt, CR McCreery, CS Ahern, T Ekstrom, G Aster, R AF Park, J Butler, R Anderson, K Berger, J Benz, H Davis, P Hutt, CR McCreery, CS Ahern, T Ekstrom, G Aster, R TI Performance review of the global seismographic network for the Sumatra-Andaman megathrust earthquake SO SEISMOLOGICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ALASKAN EARTHQUAKE; FREQUENCIES; TSUNAMI; SLIP C1 Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. IRIS Consortium, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. US Geol Survey, Natl Earthquake Informat Ctr, Golden, CO 80401 USA. US Geol Survey, Albuquerque Seismol Lab, Albuquerque, NM 87117 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. IRIS Data Management Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. New Mexico Inst Min & Technol, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Socorro, NM 87801 USA. RP Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM jeffrey.park@yale.edu; rhett@iris.edu; kent@iris.edu; jberger@ucsd.edu; benz@usgs.gov; pdavis@ucsd.edu; hutt@asl.cr.usgs.gov; charles.mccreery@noaa.gov; tim@iris.washington.edu; ekstrom@seismology.harvard.edu; aster@ees.nmt.edu RI Ekstrom, Goran/C-9771-2012; GEOFON, GlobalSeismicNetwork/E-4273-2012; Aster, Richard/E-5067-2013 OI Ekstrom, Goran/0000-0001-6410-275X; Aster, Richard/0000-0002-0821-4906 NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0895-0695 EI 1938-2057 J9 SEISMOL RES LETT JI Seismol. Res. Lett. PD MAY-JUN PY 2005 VL 76 IS 3 BP 331 EP 343 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 929VX UT WOS:000229375800005 ER PT J AU Hunt, FY AF Hunt, FY TI Sample path optimality for a Markov optimization problem SO STOCHASTIC PROCESSES AND THEIR APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Markov decision process; stochastic control; Azuma's inequality AB We study a unichain Markov decision process i.e. a controlled Markov process whose state process under a stationary policy is an ergodic Markov chain. Here the state and action spaces are assumed to be either finite or countable. When the state process is uniformly ergodic and the immediate cost is bounded then a policy that minimizes the long-term expected average cost also has an nth stage sample path cost that with probability one is asymptotically less than the nth stage sample path cost under any other non-optimal stationary policy with a larger expected average cost. This is a strengthening in the Markov model case of the a.s. asymptotically optimal property frequently discussed in the literature. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Math & Comp Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hunt, FY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Math & Comp Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fern.hunt@nist.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-4149 EI 1879-209X J9 STOCH PROC APPL JI Stoch. Process. Their Appl. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 115 IS 5 BP 769 EP 779 DI 10.1016/j.spa.2004.12.005 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 920TW UT WOS:000228714000003 ER PT J AU Lazar, A Vintzileos, A Doblas-Reyes, FJ Rogel, P Delecluse, P AF Lazar, A Vintzileos, A Doblas-Reyes, FJ Rogel, P Delecluse, P TI Seasonal forecast of tropical climate with coupled ocean-atmosphere general circulation models: on the respective role of the atmosphere and the ocean components in the drift of the surface temperature error SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; VARIABILITY; PACIFIC; CYCLE; OSCILLATION; MECHANISMS; SIMULATION; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB Seasonal forecasting based on coupled general circulation models suffers from important errors. In order to provide insight into the causes of these errors in relation to ocean and atmosphere models, we carried out a comparison using a set of 10-yr ensemble hindcasts of four coupled climate models of the DEMETER project. The four models are based on two different atmosphere models and three different ocean models. This allows us to analyse the relative weight of the ocean and atmosphere components in the error of a coupled model. Using the hindcast climatologies over the years 1991 to 2000, we looked specifically at the sea surface and soil level temperature over the tropics with respect to the hindcast start date. Our results indicate that the monthly evolution of large mean deviations from the observations (> +/-1 degrees C after 6 months) can be decomposed into two terms. One is the first month error, which results from the errors in the initial conditions plus the error introduced by the first month of coupling. It corresponds to the slowly varying component of the error, comparable to an initial shift that persists during the entire coupled experiment. The other term is the remaining time-evolving error, which is fast varying. We show that whereas the slowly varying term is strongly dependent upon the ocean and atmosphere component chosen for the coupling, the atmosphere generally controls the rapidly varying term to first order. The partition appears to be more balanced over some fractions of the Pacific warm pool and the east-equatorial coastal upwelling at certain seasons. These results, specific to seasonal forecasting and probably model dependent, can hardly be interpreted in terms of coupling mechanisms. The weak sensitivity of the mean error to the ocean component could in particular be related to the current limitations of state-of-the-art climate models. C1 Univ Paris 06, IRD, LOCEAN, CNRS,UMR 7617, F-75252 Paris, France. NOAA, NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. CERFACS, F-31057 Toulouse, France. LSCE, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Lazar, A (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, IRD, LOCEAN, CNRS,UMR 7617, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris, France. EM ala@lodyc.jussieu.fr RI lazar, alban/B-7290-2013; Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/C-1228-2016 OI Doblas-Reyes, Francisco/0000-0002-6622-4280 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL MUNKSGAARD PI FREDERIKSBERG C PA 1 ROSENORNS ALLE, DK-1970 FREDERIKSBERG C, DENMARK SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 57 IS 3 BP 387 EP 397 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2005.00135.x PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 919TC UT WOS:000228639500013 ER PT J AU Legault, CM AF Legault, CM TI Population viability analysis of Atlantic salmon in Maine, USA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SALAR L; SCOTTISH STREAM; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PACIFIC SALMON; UPLAND TROUT; TRUTTA-L; GROWTH; HABITAT; SURVIVAL; CLIMATE AB Populations of Atlantic salmon Sabno salar in eight rivers of Maine, USA, are listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. This listing has required the creation of measurable and objective delisting criteria. One component of these criteria is the determination of the abundance levels associated with recovered populations. Population viability analysis (PVA) was chosen as the method to estimate these recovery levels because it (1) formalizes the combination of information available on the species. (2) quantifies the uncertainty in the population parameters and evaluates the impact of this uncertainty on the probability of extinction, and (3) allows examination of potential management strategies. A PVA specific to the Atlantic salmon populations in Maine was conducted based on the life history characteristics of the endangered populations (i.e., multiple ages of return from sea, kelting, river-specific habitat limitations, and use of stocking as a recovery tool). The model was verified by using data from a single river and by comparing the results with those of a simpler PVA model. Projections for the eight rivers were conducted for a range of future conditions and management strategies to produce extinction probabilities that managers could use to set recovery criteria. Results beyond extinction risk, such as population age or stage structure, are also shown to be important for management consideration. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Legault, CM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM chris.legault@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 134 IS 3 BP 549 EP 562 DI 10.1577/T04-017.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 934QW UT WOS:000229724300001 ER PT J AU Hondorp, DW Pothoven, SA Brandt, SB AF Hondorp, DW Pothoven, SA Brandt, SB TI Influence of Diporeia density on diet composition, relative abundance, and energy density of planktivorous fishes in southeast Lake Michigan SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; MYSIS-RELICTA; GREAT-LAKES; SALMONID COMMUNITY; CONDITION INDEXES; SLIMY SCULPINS; FOOD-WEB; ONTARIO; DYNAMICS; PATTERNS AB The benthic amphipod Diporeia spp. is an important prey for many fish in offshore areas of the Great Lakes, but its abundance has been rapidly decreasing. To assess the influence of Diporeia availability on the food habits, relative abundance, and energetics of planktivorous fish, the diet composition, catch per unit effort (CPUE), and energy density of plantkivorous fish in southeast Lake Michigan during 2000-2001 were compared among locations with different Diporeia densities. Diporeia densities at St. Joseph, Michigan, were near 0/m(2) over much of the bottom but averaged more than 3,800/m(2) at Muskegon and Little Sable Point, Michigan. Consistent with these differences in Diporeia density, fish diet composition, CPUE, and energy density varied spatially. For example, alternative prey types comprised a larger fraction of the diets of bloater Coregonus hoyi, large (> 100 mm total length) alewife Alosa pseudoharengus, and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus at St. Joseph than at Muskegon and Little Sable Point. This pattern was seasonally dependent for alewives and bloaters because Diporeia were eaten mainly in June. Food biomass per stomach was not lower at St. Joseph than elsewhere, suggesting that the spatial variation in diet composition was due to greater consumption of alternative prey by fish at St. Joseph. Although slimy sculpin and bloaters were able to feed on alternative prey, the CPUE of these species at certain depths was considerably lower at St. Joseph than at Muskegon or Little Sable Point, indicating that Diporeia availability may also influence fish abundance and distribution. Finally, a link between Diporeia density and fish energetics was suggested by the comparatively low energy density of deepwater sculpin Myoxocephalus thompsonii and large alewives at St. Joseph, a result that may reflect the low energy content of other prey relative to Diporeia. C1 Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hondorp, DW (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM darryl.hondorp@noaa.gov OI Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 NR 66 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 134 IS 3 BP 588 EP 601 DI 10.1577/T04-107.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 934QW UT WOS:000229724300004 ER PT J AU Beechie, TJ Liermann, M Beamer, EM Henderson, R AF Beechie, TJ Liermann, M Beamer, EM Henderson, R TI A classification of habitat types in a large river and their use by juvenile salmonids SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; CUTTHROAT TROUT; STEELHEAD; STREAM; SELECTION; VELOCITY; CHANNEL; CHINOOK AB We describe six habitat types for large rivers (> 100 m bank-full width), including pools, riffles, and glides in midchannel and bank edges, bar edges, and backwaters along channel margins. Midchannel units were deeper and faster than edge units on average. Among edge habitat types, backwater units had the lowest velocities and contained complex cover consisting mainly of wood accumulations and aquatic plants. Banks and bars had similar velocity distributions, but banks had more complex cover such as rootwads and debris jams. Because sampling of juvenile salmonids was ineffective in the midchannel units (electrofishing capture efficiency was low, and the units were too deep and fast to snorkel), we focused our sampling efforts on juvenile salmonid use of edge habitats during winter, spring, and late summer. Densities of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and coho salmon O. kisutch were highest in bank and backwater units in winter, whereas age-0 and age-1 or older steelhead densities were highest in bank units in winter. In summer, only coho salmon densities were significantly different among edge unit types, densities being highest in banks and backwaters. Microhabitat selection (velocity, depth, and cover type) by juvenile salmonids mirrored that in small streams, most fish occupying areas with a velocity less than 15 cm/s and wood cover. Among ocean-type salmon, Chinook and chum salmon fry were captured in large numbers in all edge units and exhibited only slightly higher densities in low-velocity areas (< 15 cm/s). C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Skagit River Syst Cooperat, La Conner, WA 98257 USA. RP Beechie, TJ (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Mountlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM tim.beechie@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 134 IS 3 BP 717 EP 729 DI 10.1577/T04-062.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 934QW UT WOS:000229724300016 ER PT J AU Sheehan, TE Koclk, JE Cadrin, SX Legault, CM Atkinson, E Bengtson, D AF Sheehan, TE Koclk, JE Cadrin, SX Legault, CM Atkinson, E Bengtson, D TI Marine growth and morphometrics for three populations of Atlantic salmon from eastern Maine, USA SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA POPULATIONS; STOCK IDENTIFICATION; CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; BODY MORPHOLOGY; LIFE-HISTORY; SALAR L; GENETIC DIVERSITY; LOCAL ADAPTATION AB Significant differences in growth and prespawning body morphology were detected among three stocks of Atlantic salmon reared in a common marine environment. Smolts originating from river-specific broodstock of the Machias, East Machias, and Dennys populations were reared at two marine net-pen facilities for 25 months. Significant differences in stock-specific growth were observed among two stocks at both sites, suggesting a genetic basis for the observed phenotypic variation. There was a significant stock effect to the total measured phenotypic variation based on collected truss network analyses. Linear discriminant function analysis of a truss network of morphometric distances allowed for 73% accuracy of stock classification. A thin-plate spline procedure characterized the Machias body form as having a shortened narrow caudal peduncle region, a compressed body with an elongated trunk, and a deeper head region relative to the other two stocks. Phenotypic variation may be associated with hydrological characteristics of the Machias watershed. C1 NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Maine Atlantic Salmon Commiss, Downeast Field Off, Jonesboro, ME 04648 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Fisheries Anim & Vet Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. RP Sheehan, TE (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM tim.sheehan@noaa.gov NR 61 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 134 IS 3 BP 775 EP 788 DI 10.1577/T04-067.1 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 934QW UT WOS:000229724300021 ER PT J AU Mann, JL Long, SE Shuman, CA Kelly, WR AF Mann, JL Long, SE Shuman, CA Kelly, WR TI Determination of mercury content in a shallow firn core from Greenland by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION LA English DT Article DE firn core; Greenland; isotope dilution; mercury; trace ID GASEOUS MERCURY; SNOW; WATER; DEPOSITION; ICE; PRECONCENTRATION; ACCUMULATION; TEMPERATURE; SPRINGTIME; DEPLETION AB The total mercury content was determined in 6 cm sections of a shallow 7 m firn core and in surrounding surface snow from Summit, Greenland (elevation: 3238 m, 72.58 degrees N, 38.53 degrees W) collected in May 2001 by isotope dilution cold-vapor inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-CV-ICP-MS). The focus of this research was to evaluate the capability of the ID-CV-ICP-MS technique for measuring trace levels of Hg typical of polar snow and firn. Highly enriched Hg-201 isotopic spike is added to approximately 10 mL melted core and thoroughly mixed. The Hg2+ in the sample is reduced on line with tin(II) chloride (SnCl2) and the elemental Hg (Hg degrees) vapor pre- concentrated onto gold gauze using a commercial amalgam system. The Hg is then thermally desorbed and introduced into a quadrupole ICP-MS. The blank-corrected Hg concentrations determined for all samples ranged from 0.25 to 1.74 ng/L (ppt) (average 0.59 +/- 0.28 ng/L (1 sigma)) and fall within the range of those previously determined by Boutron et al. [Geophys. Res. Lett. 25, 1998, 3315-3318] (<= 0.05-2.0 ng/L) for the Summit site. The average blank value was 0.19 +/- 0.045 ng/L (n = 6, 1 sigma) and the method detection limit was 0.14 ng/L. The Hg values specifically for the firn core range from 0.25 to 0.87 ng/L (average 0.51 +/- 0.13 ng/L (1 sigma)) and show both values declining with time and larger variability in concentration in the top 1.8 m. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Oceans & Ice Branch, Lab Hydrospher Proc, Ft Washington, MD 20744 USA. RP Mann, JL (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmann@nist.gov NR 40 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0049-6979 J9 WATER AIR SOIL POLL JI Water Air Soil Pollut. PD MAY PY 2005 VL 163 IS 1-4 BP 19 EP 32 DI 10.1007/s11270-005-7607-y PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 938AX UT WOS:000229973400003 ER PT J AU Cornelius, AL Light, BE Kumar, RS Eichenfield, M Dutton, T Pepin, R Gardner, JS AF Cornelius, AL Light, BE Kumar, RS Eichenfield, M Dutton, T Pepin, R Gardner, JS TI Disturbing the spin liquid state in Tb2Ti2O7: Heat capacity measurements on rare earth titanates SO PHYSICA B-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Strongly Correlated Electron Systems (SCES 04) CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Karlsruhe, GERMANY DE geometrical frustration; heat capacity; antiferromagnetism ID PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET TB2TI2O7 AB One of the best-known spin liquids is the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore Tb2Ti2O7, in a spin liquid, there are short-range dynamic magnetic correlations and an absence of static long-range magnetic order down to 0 K. We have measured heat capacity at low temperatures in magnetic field to 80 kOe on Nd2Ti2O7, Tb2Ti2O7, and Tb2TiO5 to better understand the spin liquid state. Nd2Ti2O7 displays antiferromagnetic order at T = 0.6 K much lower than the paramagnetic Curie temperature. Application of magnetic field or distortion of the Tb sublattice destroys the spin liquid as evidenced by static spins. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cornelius, AL (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM cornel@physics.unlv.ed RI Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; OI Kumar, Ravhi/0000-0002-1967-1619 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-4526 J9 PHYSICA B JI Physica B PD APR 30 PY 2005 VL 359 BP 1243 EP 1245 DI 10.1016/j.physb.2005.01.372 PG 3 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 933SY UT WOS:000229654400395 ER PT J AU Basu, S Basu, S Makela, JJ Sheehan, RE MacKenzie, E Doherty, P Wright, JW Keskinen, MJ Pallamraju, D Paxton, LJ Berkey, FT AF Basu, S Basu, S Makela, JJ Sheehan, RE MacKenzie, E Doherty, P Wright, JW Keskinen, MJ Pallamraju, D Paxton, LJ Berkey, FT TI Two components of ionospheric plasma structuring at midlatitudes observed during the large magnetic storm of October 30, 2003 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IRREGULARITIES; LATITUDES AB We consider VHF amplitude scintillations, GPS phase fluctuations, ionosonde measurements, maps of GPS total electron content (TEC), observations of daytime aurora and TIMED GUVI images during the large magnetic storms of October 29 - 31, 2003, and find two distinct classes of plasma processes that produce midlatitude ionospheric irregularities. One is associated with auroral plasma processes; the other, with storm enhanced density ( SED) gradients, a part of which occur in close proximity to sub-auroral polarization stream ( SAPS) electric fields as discussed by J. C. Foster et al. ( 2002). We analyze in detail the storm event of October 30, 2003. The SAPS-associated plasma structures may occur by an ion temperature gradient convective instability ( M. J. Keskinen et al., 2004), but structuring by auroral processes requires elucidation. C1 Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. USAF, Space Vehicles Directorate, Res Lab, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Boston Coll, Inst Sci Res, Newton Ctr, MA 02467 USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USN, Res Lab, Charged Particle Phys Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Utah State Univ, Dept Phys, Space Dynam Lab, Logan, UT 84322 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM sbasu@bu.edu; basu@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; jmakela@uiuc.edu; sheehanp@bc.edu; eileen.mackenzie@hanscom.af.mil; dohertpd@bc.edu; bill.wright@noaa.gov; keskinen@ppd.nrl.navy.mil; dpraju@bu.edu; larry.paxton@jhuapl.edu; ftb@cc.usu.edu RI Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015 OI Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X NR 10 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 12 AR L12S06 DI 10.1029/2004GL021669 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 923GG UT WOS:000228897300001 ER PT J AU Lemire, C Bertarione, S Zecchina, A Scarano, D Chaka, A Shaikhutdinov, S Freund, HJ AF Lemire, C Bertarione, S Zecchina, A Scarano, D Chaka, A Shaikhutdinov, S Freund, HJ TI Ferryl (Fe=O) termination of the hematite alpha-Fe2O3(0001) surface SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LEED; CO; ADSORPTION; MOLECULES; SPECTRA; CHROMIA; IR AB Using scanning tunneling microscopy and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy we have observed that the alpha-Fe2O3(0001) surface exhibits ferryl (Fe=O) groups, which may coexist with domains of the Fe-terminated surface. We therefore fully support ab initio calculations recently reported in the literature [W. Bergmeyer, H. Schweiger, and E. Wimmer, Phys. Rev. B 69, 195409 (2004)]. The close similarity to the results on the (0001) surfaces of Cr2O3 and V2O3 strongly suggests that the M=O termination under certain oxygen pressure conditions is the most stable for the close-packed surfaces of transition metal oxides with the corundum structure. C1 Max Planck Soc, Fritz Haber Inst, Dept Chem Phys, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Univ Turin, Dipartimento Chim, IFM, I-10125 Turin, Italy. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shaikhutdinov, S (reprint author), Max Planck Soc, Fritz Haber Inst, Dept Chem Phys, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM shaikhutdinov@fhi-berlin.mpg.de NR 24 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 16 AR 166101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.166101 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 921KS UT WOS:000228763800051 PM 15904247 ER PT J AU Oskay, WH Itano, WM Bergquist, JC AF Oskay, WH Itano, WM Bergquist, JC TI Measurement of the Hg-199(+) 5d(9)6s(2) D-2(5/2) electric quadrupole moment and a constraint on the quadrupole shift SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; ION AB The electric-quadrupole moment of the Hg-199(+) 5d(9)6s(2) D-2(5/2) state is measured to be Theta(D,5/2)=-2.29(8)x10(-40) C m(2). This value was determined by measuring the frequency of the Hg-199(+) 5d(10)6s S-2(1/2)-> 5d(9)6s(2) D-2(5/2) optical clock transition for different applied electric-field gradients. An isolated, mechanically stable optical cavity provides a frequency reference for the measurement. We compare the results with theoretical calculations and discuss the implications for the accuracy of an atomic clock based upon this transition. We now expect that the frequency shift caused by the interaction of the quadrupole moment with stray electric-field gradients will not limit the accuracy of the Hg+ optical clock at the 10(-18) level. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oskay, WH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM berky@boulder.nist.gov NR 20 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 29 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 16 AR 163001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.163001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 921KS UT WOS:000228763800024 PM 15904220 ER PT J AU Bernhardt, ES Palmer, MA Allan, JD Alexander, G Barnas, K Brooks, S Carr, J Clayton, S Dahm, C Follstad-Shah, J Galat, D Gloss, S Goodwin, P Hart, D Hassett, B Jenkinson, R Katz, S Kondolf, GM Lake, PS Lave, R Meyer, JL O'Donnell, TK Pagano, L Powell, B Sudduth, E AF Bernhardt, ES Palmer, MA Allan, JD Alexander, G Barnas, K Brooks, S Carr, J Clayton, S Dahm, C Follstad-Shah, J Galat, D Gloss, S Goodwin, P Hart, D Hassett, B Jenkinson, R Katz, S Kondolf, GM Lake, PS Lave, R Meyer, JL O'Donnell, TK Pagano, L Powell, B Sudduth, E TI Ecology - Synthesizing US river restoration efforts SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID FRESH-WATER C1 Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NOAA, Natl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Monash Univ, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia. Natl Acad Sci, Philadelphia, PA USA. Univ Idaho, Boise, ID USA. Univ New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 USA. US Geol Survey, Cooperat Res Unit, Columbia, MO USA. Univ Missouri, Columbia, MO USA. USGS, SW Biol Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83843 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Georgia, Athens, GA 30602 USA. USGS, Ctr Biol Informat, Denver, CO USA. RP Bernhardt, ES (reprint author), Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. EM emily.bernhardt@duke.edu RI Bernhardt, Emily/B-4541-2010; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011 OI Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X NR 20 TC 781 Z9 808 U1 25 U2 349 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 29 PY 2005 VL 308 IS 5722 BP 636 EP 637 DI 10.1126/science.1109769 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 922BO UT WOS:000228810900030 PM 15860611 ER PT J AU Parrow, MW Burkholder, JM Deamer, NJ Ramsdell, JS AF Parrow, MW Burkholder, JM Deamer, NJ Ramsdell, JS TI Contaminant-free cultivation of Pfiesteria shumwayae (Dinophyceae) on a fish cell line SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Pfiesteria spp.; fish cell line; dinoflagellate culture ID AMYLOODINIUM-OCELLATUM; DINOFLAGELLATE AMYLOODINIUM; TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATE; ESTUARINE FISH; CULTURE; PROPAGATION; PISCICIDA; ALEXANDRIUM; BIOASSAY; BACTERIA AB Geographically distinct strains of the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Pfiesteria shumwayae were cultivated on a fish cell line in the apparent absence of bacteria and other microbial contaminants. Cultures were established with a high rate of success by inoculating single purified P. shumwayae cells into fish cell cultures containing a simple saltwater medium suitable for both cell types, and resulting isolates were serially cultivated on fish cells for months without visible signs of abnormality or reduced viability. P. shumwayae fed phagocytically on the fish cells and exhibited higher cell production than reported using other culturing methods. Compared to previous methods of studying the interaction between Pfiesteria spp. and fishes, this system enabled closer and more direct observation of the dinoflagellates and was also more economical and sustainable as a culturing method. The absence of bacteria and other contaminating microorganisms should facilitate important physiological and biochemical investigations. The methods used were inadequate for cultivating strains of P. piscicida, suggesting a possible difference in nutritional requirements between the 2 Pfiesteria species. C1 N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Appl Aquat Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Parrow, MW (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Appl Aquat Ecol, 620 Hutton St,Suite 104, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM mwparrow@ncsu.edu NR 51 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PD APR 28 PY 2005 VL 39 IS 1 BP 97 EP 105 DI 10.3354/ame039097 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 928GR UT WOS:000229259900009 ER PT J AU Yang, XB Toby, BH Camblor, MA Lee, Y Olson, DH AF Yang, XB Toby, BH Camblor, MA Lee, Y Olson, DH TI Propene adsorption sites in zeolite ITQ-12: A combined synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction study SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID MAS NMR; SEPARATION; SELECTIVITY AB The adsorption site of propene in the small-pore, pure silica zeolite [Si24O48]-ITW-ITQ-12 has been characterized via Rietveld refinement of the crystal structure of propene-loaded ITQ-12 on the basis of synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction data taken at 298 K. The structure can be described with a monoclinic unit cell having On symmetry and unit cell parameters a = 10.436 angstrom, b = 15.018 angstrom, c = 8.855 angstrom, beta = 105.74 degrees, and volume = 1335.9 angstrom(3). Four-fold disordered adsorption sites that are nearly equivalent relative to the cage's 2/m pseudosymmetry are located near the center of each ellipsoidally shaped [4(4)5(4)6(4)8(4)] cage. At this site, the adsorbed propene molecule lies on a plane close and approximately parallel to the equatorial plane of the cage and is aligned with its methylene group pointing toward the pore's eight-ring window. The refined propene concentration, 1.8 per unit cell content, is close to one propene molecule per [4(4)5(4)6(4)8(4)] cage and the amount observed in adsorption experiments at 298 K and 1 atm propene partial pressure. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CSIC, Dept Mat Porosos & Compuestos Intercalac, Inst Ciencia Mat Madrid, Madrid 28049, Spain. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Phys Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Yang, XB (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM Xiaobo.Yang@pci.uni-hannover.de RI Camblor, Miguel/A-5663-2008; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013; Lee, Yongjae/K-6566-2016 OI Camblor, Miguel/0000-0001-9591-3432; Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285; NR 21 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 28 PY 2005 VL 109 IS 16 BP 7894 EP 7899 DI 10.1021/jp050778c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 919FM UT WOS:000228603700044 PM 16851920 ER PT J AU Hampton, J Sibert, JR Kleiber, P Maunder, MN Harley, SJ AF Hampton, J Sibert, JR Kleiber, P Maunder, MN Harley, SJ TI Decline of Pacific tuna populations exaggerated? SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material ID THUNNUS-OBESUS; BIGEYE TUNA; MODEL; OCEAN C1 Secretariat Pacific Community, Ocean Fisheries Programme, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. Univ Hawaii, Pelag Fisheries Res Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Hampton, J (reprint author), Secretariat Pacific Community, Ocean Fisheries Programme, BP D5, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. EM johnh@spc.int NR 14 TC 69 Z9 73 U1 2 U2 12 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 28 PY 2005 VL 434 IS 7037 BP E1 EP E2 DI 10.1038/nature03581 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 920MD UT WOS:000228693300030 PM 15858533 ER PT J AU Krosky, DJ Song, FH Stivers, JT AF Krosky, DJ Song, FH Stivers, JT TI The origins of high-affinity enzyme binding to an extrahelical DNA base SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ENERGY-TRANSFER; DAMAGE RECOGNITION; FLIPPING MECHANISM; KINETIC MECHANISM; PROTON-EXCHANGE; PURINE-THYMINE; WILD-TYPE; GLYCOSYLASE; FLUORESCENCE; PAIR AB Base flipping is a highly conserved strategy used by enzymes to gain catalytic access to DNA bases that would otherwise be sequestered in the duplex structure. A classic example is the DNA repair enzyme uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) which recognizes and excises unwanted uracil bases from DNA using a flipping mechanism. Previous work has suggested that enzymatic base flipping begins with dynamic breathing motions of the enzyme-bound DNA substrate, and then, only very late during the reaction trajectory do strong specific interactions with the extrahelical uracil occur. Here we report that UDG kinetically and thermodynamically prefers substrate sites where the uracil is paired with an unnatural adenine analogue that lacks any Watson-Crick hydrogen-bonding groups. The magnitude of the preference is a striking 43000-fold as compared to an adenine analogue that forms three H-bonds. Transient kinetic and fluorescence measurements suggest that preferential recognition of uracil in the context of a series of incrementally destabilized base pairs arises from two distinct effects: weak or absent hydrogen bonding, which thermodynamically assists extrusion, and, most importantly, increased flexibility of the site which facilitates DNA bending during base flipping. A coupled, stepwise reaction coordinate is implicated in which DNA bending precedes base pair rupture and flipping. C1 Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Stivers, JT (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Sch Med, Dept Pharmacol & Mol Sci, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM jstivers@jhmi.edu FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM56834-10, R01 GM056834] NR 59 TC 50 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD APR 26 PY 2005 VL 44 IS 16 BP 5949 EP 5959 DI 10.1021/bi050084u PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 920HB UT WOS:000228678900001 PM 15835884 ER PT J AU Jacob, DJ Field, BD Li, QB Blake, DR de Gouw, J Warneke, C Hansel, A Wisthaler, A Singh, HB Guenther, A AF Jacob, DJ Field, BD Li, QB Blake, DR de Gouw, J Warneke, C Hansel, A Wisthaler, A Singh, HB Guenther, A TI Global budget of methanol: Constraints from atmospheric observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TRANSFORM INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; TRACE GAS MEASUREMENTS; TROPICAL RAIN-FOREST; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; MODEL DESCRIPTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE AB [1] We use a global three-dimensional model simulation of atmospheric methanol to examine the consistency between observed atmospheric concentrations and current understanding of sources and sinks. Global sources in the model include 128 Tg yr(-1) from plant growth, 38 Tg yr(-1) from atmospheric reactions of CH3O2 with itself and other organic peroxy radicals, 23 Tg yr(-1) from plant decay, 13 Tg yr(-1) from biomass burning and biofuels, and 4 Tg yr(-1) from vehicles and industry. The plant growth source is a factor of 3 higher for young than from mature leaves. The atmospheric lifetime of methanol in the model is 7 days; gas-phase oxidation by OH accounts for 63% of the global sink, dry deposition to land 26%, wet deposition 6%, uptake by the ocean 5%, and aqueous-phase oxidation in clouds less than 1%. The resulting simulation of atmospheric concentrations is generally unbiased in the Northern Hemisphere and reproduces the observed correlations of methanol with acetone, HCN, and CO in Asian outflow. Accounting for decreasing emission from leaves as they age is necessary to reproduce the observed seasonal variation of methanol concentrations at northern midlatitudes. The main model discrepancy is over the South Pacific, where simulated concentrations are a factor of 2 too low. Atmospheric production from the CH3O2 self-reaction is the dominant model source in this region. A factor of 2 increase in this source ( to 50 - 100 Tg yr(-1)) would largely correct the discrepancy and appears consistent with independent constraints on CH3O2 concentrations. Our resulting best estimate of the global source of methanol is 240 Tg yr(-1). More observations of methanol concentrations and fluxes are needed over tropical continents. Better knowledge is needed of CH3O2 concentrations in the remote troposphere and of the underlying organic chemistry. C1 Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Innsbruck, Inst Ion Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pierce Hall,29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM djacob@fas.harvard.edu RI Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Guenther, Alex/B-1617-2008; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Hansel, Armin/F-3915-2010 OI Guenther, Alex/0000-0001-6283-8288; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Hansel, Armin/0000-0002-1062-2394 NR 82 TC 134 Z9 135 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 26 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D8 AR D08303 DI 10.1029/2004JD005172 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 923GI UT WOS:000228897500003 ER PT J AU Lamarque, JF Hess, P Emmons, L Buja, L Washington, W Granier, C AF Lamarque, JF Hess, P Emmons, L Buja, L Washington, W Granier, C TI Tropospheric ozone evolution between 1890 and 1990 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; GASEOUS DRY DEPOSITION; SURFACE OZONE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; AROSA SWITZERLAND; CLIMATE-CHANGE; 3-D MODELS; ICE CORE; CHEMISTRY; EMISSIONS AB [ 1] In this study, we have performed a set of simulations to detail the evolution of tropospheric ozone from 1890 to 1990. The simulations are compared with available measurements for present-day conditions and earlier. Using our best estimates of ozone precursors emissions ( based on the work by van Aardenne et al. ( 2001)), we have found a tropospheric ozone burden increase of 71 Tg between 1890 and 1990, an increase of similar to 30%. When no anthropogenic emissions in 1890 are considered, this burden increase reaches 88 Tg. The ozone lifetime is shown to have decreased by similar to 30%, especially after 1930. It is also shown that the net chemical production in the lower troposphere exceeded that in the free troposphere for the first time in the 1950 - 1970 period. In addition, the ozone production in this study increased rapidly between 1890 and 1930 and from 1970 to 1990. However, the ozone production efficiency in the troposphere is shown to have decreased during the 20th century, making the troposphere less NOx limited. Finally, a decrease in the OH burden is estimated to be on the order of 8%, matched by a similar increase in the CO lifetime. C1 NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NCAR, Climate & Global Dynam Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. NOAA, Aeron Lab, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, 1850 Table Mesa Dr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lamar@ucar.edu RI Granier, Claire/D-5360-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016 OI Granier, Claire/0000-0001-7344-7995; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212 NR 60 TC 90 Z9 91 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 26 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D8 AR D08304 DI 10.1029/2004JD005537 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 923GI UT WOS:000228897500009 ER PT J AU Tian, BJ Held, IM Lau, NC Soden, BJ AF Tian, BJ Held, IM Lau, NC Soden, BJ TI Diurnal cycle of summertime deep convection over North America: A satellite perspective SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTHWESTERN SOUTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; NUMERICAL-MODEL; GREAT-PLAINS; PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL; MONSOON; FLORIDA; CLOUDS; SEA AB [1] High- resolution (0.1 degrees x 0.1 degrees) geostationary satellite infrared radiances at 11 mu m in combination with gridded (2.5 degrees x 2.0 degrees) hourly surface precipitation observations are employed to document the spatial structure of the diurnal cycle of summertime deep convection and associated precipitation over North America. Comparison of the diurnal cycle pattern between the satellite retrieval and surface observations demonstrates the reliability of satellite radiances for inferring the diurnal cycle of precipitation, especially the diurnal phase. On the basis of the satellite radiances, we find that over most land regions, deep convection peaks in the late afternoon and early evening, a few hours later than the peak of land surface temperature. However, strong regional variations exist in both the diurnal phase and amplitude, implying that topography, land-sea contrast, and coastline curvature play an important role in modulating the diurnal cycle. Examples of such effects are highlighted over Florida, the Great Plains, and the North American monsoon region. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Tian, BJ (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, MS 150-21,1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM btian@gps.caltech.edu RI Tian, Baijun/A-1141-2007 OI Tian, Baijun/0000-0001-9369-2373 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 26 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D8 AR D08108 DI 10.1029/2004JD005275 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 923GI UT WOS:000228897500004 ER PT J AU Lenhart, JL Fischer, DA Sambasivan, S Lin, EK Jones, RL Soles, CL Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M AF Lenhart, JL Fischer, DA Sambasivan, S Lin, EK Jones, RL Soles, CL Wu, WL Goldfarb, DL Angelopoulos, M TI X-ray absorption spectroscopy to probe surface composition and surface deprotection in photoresist films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED RESISTS; LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS; POSITIVE-TONE; AIRBORNE CONTAMINATION; ACID-DIFFUSION; REACTION FRONT; COPOLYMERS; LITHOGRAPHY; SEGREGATION; ORIENTATION AB Near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) is utilized to provide insight into surface chemical effects in model photoresist films. First, NEXAFS was used to examine the resist/air interface including surface segregation of a photoacid generator (PAG) and the extent of surface deprotection in the film. The concentration of PAG at the resist-air interface was higher than the bulk concentration, which led to a faster deprotection rate at that interface. Second, a NEXAFS depth profiling technique was utilized to probe for compositional gradients in model resist line edge regions. In the model line edge region, the surface composition profile for the developed line edge was dependent on the post exposure bake time. C1 Sandia Natl Labs, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Lenhart, JL (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, POB 5800,MS 0888, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM jllenha@sandia.gov; eric.lin@nist.gov NR 43 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 26 PY 2005 VL 21 IS 9 BP 4007 EP 4015 DI 10.1021/la047160z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 919AN UT WOS:000228590800042 PM 15835968 ER PT J AU Clark, AM Miller, NA Williams, A Ruggiero, ST Hilton, GC Vale, LR Beall, JA Irwin, KD Ullom, JN AF Clark, AM Miller, NA Williams, A Ruggiero, ST Hilton, GC Vale, LR Beall, JA Irwin, KD Ullom, JN TI Cooling of bulk material by electron-tunneling refrigerators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JUNCTION AB Bose-Einstein condensation. Improved refrigeration techniques also enhance our quality of life. Semiconductor processing equipment and magnetic-resonance imaging machines incorporate mechanical coolers operating below 10 K. There is a pressing need for refrigeration techniques to reach even lower temperatures because many next-generation analytical and astronomical instruments will rely on sensors cooled to temperatures near 100 mK. Here we demonstrate a solid-state, on-chip refrigerator capable of reaching 100 mK based on the quantum-mechanical tunneling of electrons through normal metal-insulator-superconductor junctions. The cooling power and temperature reduction of our refrigerator are sufficient for practical applications and we have used it to cool bulk material that has no electrical connection to the refrigerating elements. (c) 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Clark, AM (reprint author), Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. EM ullom@boulder.nist.gov RI Tomlin, Nathan/A-4927-2009 OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045 NR 13 TC 57 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 17 AR 173508 DI 10.1063/1.1914966 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 927HR UT WOS:000229185500066 ER PT J AU Lelong, G Price, DL Douy, A Kline, S Brady, JW Saboungi, ML AF Lelong, G Price, DL Douy, A Kline, S Brady, JW Saboungi, ML TI Molecular dynamics of confined glucose solutions SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; WATER-MOLECULES; VITRIFICATION; SYSTEMS; DISACCHARIDES; SIMULATION AB Silica gels containing solutions of glucose in heavy water at different concentrations have been prepared by a sol-gel method. Dynamical studies with quasielastic neutron scattering, compared with previous results on bulk solutions, show that the dynamics of the glucose molecules are not appreciably affected by the confinement, even though the gels behave macroscopically as solid materials. Small-angle neutron-scattering spectra on the same systems, fitted with a fractal model, yield a correlation length that decreases from 20 to 2.5 nm with increasing glucose concentration, suggesting a clustering of glucose molecules in concentrated solutions that is consistent with the dynamical measurements. These two sets of results imply that 20 nm is an upper limit for the scale at which the dynamics of glucose molecules in solution are affected by confinement. (D 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Ctr Rech Mat Divisee, F-45071 Orleans, France. Ctr Rech Mat Haute Temp, F-45071 Orleans, France. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Food Sci, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Saboungi, ML (reprint author), Ctr Rech Mat Divisee, F-45071 Orleans, France. EM lelong@cnrs-orleans.fr; mls@cnrs-orleans.fr RI LELONG, Gerald/A-5190-2009; Saboungi, Marie-Louise/C-5920-2013; OI Saboungi, Marie-Louise/0000-0002-0607-4815; Lelong, Gerald/0000-0002-3561-8228 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 63018] NR 17 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 22 PY 2005 VL 122 IS 16 AR 164504 DI 10.1063/1.1884989 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 928RB UT WOS:000229288300025 PM 15945690 ER PT J AU Ido, T Loftus, TH Boyd, MM Ludlow, AD Holman, KW Ye, J AF Ido, T Loftus, TH Boyd, MM Ludlow, AD Holman, KW Ye, J TI Precision spectroscopy and density-dependent frequency shifts in ultracold Sr SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CS-133; HG-199(+); STANDARDS; STRONTIUM; CLOCK; ATOMS; RB-87 AB By varying the density of an ultracold Sr-88 sample from 10(9) to > 10(12) cm(-3), we make the first definitive measurement of the density-related frequency shift and linewidth broadening of the S-1(0)-P-3(1) optical clock transition in an alkaline earth system. In addition, we report the most accurate measurement to date of the Sr-88 S-1(0)-P-3(1) optical clock transition frequency. Including a detailed analysis of systematic errors, the frequency is [434 829 121 312 334 +/- 20(stat) +/- 33(syst)] Hz. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ido, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 35 TC 58 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 14 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2005 VL 94 IS 15 AR 153001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.94.153001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 919QL UT WOS:000228632500015 PM 15904137 ER PT J AU Kumar, KK Hoerling, M Rajagopalan, B AF Kumar, KK Hoerling, M Rajagopalan, B TI Advancing dynamical prediction of Indian monsoon rainfall SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATION MODEL SIMULATIONS; SUMMER MONSOON; ATMOSPHERIC BRIDGE; ENSO; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; PREDICTABILITY; SYSTEM AB Despite advances in seasonal climate forecasting using dynamical models, skill in predicting the Indian monsoon by such methods has proven poor. Our analysis identifies a flaw in the hitherto popular design of prediction systems in which atmospheric models are driven with a projected ocean surface temperature. Such a configuration presupposes Indian monsoon variability to be a consequence solely of the atmosphere reacting to the ocean. It is becoming increasingly evident that the Indian monsoon is suitably described as a fully coupled ocean-land-atmospheric system, though implications for skill have not been demonstrated. We discover significant improvements in the skill of Indian monsoon predictions when atmospheric models are not constrained by specified observed SSTs in the Indian Ocean warm pool region. Evidence comes from intercomparing 50-years of monsoon skill in atmospheric models using specified SSTs with skill in coupled ocean atmosphere models. C1 NOAA, CIRES Climat Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Indian Inst Trop Meteorol, Pune, Maharashtra, India. Univ Colorado, Dept Civil Environm & Architectural Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kumar, KK (reprint author), NOAA, CIRES Climat Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM martin.hoerling@noaa.gov RI Rajagopalan, Balaji/A-5383-2013 OI Rajagopalan, Balaji/0000-0002-6883-7240 NR 19 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 21 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 8 AR L08704 DI 10.1029/2004GL021979 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 922PX UT WOS:000228851300001 ER PT J AU Klein, SA Pincus, R Hannay, C Xu, KM AF Klein, SA Pincus, R Hannay, C Xu, KM TI How might a statistical cloud scheme be coupled to a mass-flux convection scheme? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SUBGRID-SCALE VARIABILITY; PLANETARY BOUNDARY-LAYER; CUMULUS CONVECTION; RESOLVING MODEL; PART I; PARAMETERIZATION; ENSEMBLE; IOP AB The coupling of statistical cloud schemes with mass-flux convection schemes is addressed. Source terms representing the impact of convection are derived within the framework of prognostic equations for the width and asymmetry of the probability distribution function of total water mixing ratio. The accuracy of these source terms is quantified by examining output from a cloud-resolving model simulation of deep convection. Practical suggestions for the inclusion of these source terms in large-scale models are offered. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Colorado, Climate Diagnost Ctr, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Klein, SA (reprint author), Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Div L103, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. EM klein21@llnl.gov RI Xu, Kuan-Man/B-7557-2013; Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016 OI Xu, Kuan-Man/0000-0001-7851-2629; Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 21 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D15 AR D15S06 DI 10.1029/2004JD005017 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 922QN UT WOS:000228853000001 ER PT J AU Xu, KM Zhang, MH Eitzen, MA Ghan, SJ Klein, SA Wu, XQ Xie, SC Branson, M Del Genio, AD Iacobellis, SF Khairoutdinov, M Lin, WY Lohmann, U Randall, DA Somerville, RCJ Sud, YC Walker, GK Wolf, A Yio, JJ Zhang, JH AF Xu, KM Zhang, MH Eitzen, MA Ghan, SJ Klein, SA Wu, XQ Xie, SC Branson, M Del Genio, AD Iacobellis, SF Khairoutdinov, M Lin, WY Lohmann, U Randall, DA Somerville, RCJ Sud, YC Walker, GK Wolf, A Yio, JJ Zhang, JH TI Modeling springtime shallow frontal clouds with cloud-resolving and single-column models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; RADIATION MEASUREMENT PROGRAM; CLIMATE MODELS; TOGA-COARE; MICROPHYSICAL PROCESSES; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; WATER-CONTENT; GCSS MODEL AB This modeling study compares the performance of eight single-column models (SCMs) and four cloud-resolving models (CRMs) in simulating shallow frontal cloud systems observed during a short period of the March 2000 Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) intensive operational period. Except for the passage of a cold front at the beginning of this period, frontal cloud systems are under the influence of an upper tropospheric ridge and are driven by a persistent frontogenesis over the Southern Great Plains and moisture transport from the northwestern part of the Gulf of Mexico. This study emphasizes quantitative comparisons among the model simulations and with the ARM data, focusing on a 27-hour period when only shallow frontal clouds were observed. All CRMs and SCMs simulate clouds in the observed shallow cloud layer. Most SCMs also produce clouds in the middle and upper troposphere, while none of the CRMs produce any clouds there. One possible cause for this is the decoupling between cloud condensate and cloud fraction in nearly all SCM parameterizations. Another possible cause is the weak upper tropospheric subsidence that has been averaged over both descending and ascending regions. Significantly different cloud amounts and cloud microphysical properties are found in the model simulations. All CRMs and most SCMs underestimate shallow clouds in the lowest 125 hPa near the surface, but most SCMs overestimate the cloud amount above this layer. These results are related to the detailed formulations of cloud microphysical processes and fractional cloud parameterizations in the SCMs, and possibly to the dynamical framework and two-dimensional configuration of the CRMs. Although two of the CRMs with anelastic dynamical frameworks simulate the shallow frontal clouds much better than the SCMs, the CRMs do not necessarily perform much better than the SCMs for the entire period when deep and shallow frontal clouds are present. C1 NASA, Climate Sci Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Inst Terr & Planetary Atmospheres, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Hampton, VA USA. Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Geol & Atmospher Sci, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci Div L103, Livermore, CA 94551 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3C3, Canada. NASA, Climate & Radiat Branch, Atmospheres Lab, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Xu, KM (reprint author), NASA, Climate Sci Branch, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM kuan-man.xu@nasa.gov; mzhang@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; z.a.eitzen@larc.nasa.gov; steve.ghan@pnl.gov; klein21@llnl.gov; xie2@llnl.gov; mark@atmos.colostate.edu; adelgenio@giss.nasa.gov; siacobellis@ucsd.edu; marat@atmos.colostate.edu; wlin@atmsci.msrc.sunysb.edu; randall@atmos.colostate.edu; rsomerville@ucsd.edu; awolf@thelma.giss.nasa.gov; yio1@llnl.gov RI Del Genio, Anthony/D-4663-2012; Xu, Kuan-Man/B-7557-2013; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010; Randall, David/E-6113-2011; Ghan, Steven/H-4301-2011; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009 OI Del Genio, Anthony/0000-0001-7450-1359; Xu, Kuan-Man/0000-0001-7851-2629; Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650; Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112; Ghan, Steven/0000-0001-8355-8699; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785 NR 56 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 21 PY 2005 VL 110 IS D15 AR D15S04 DI 10.1029/2004JD005153 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 922QN UT WOS:000228853000002 ER PT J AU Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Arif, M Huffman, PR Williams, RE Cook, JC AF Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Arif, M Huffman, PR Williams, RE Cook, JC TI New neutron imaging facility at the NIST SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Topical Meeting on Neutron Radiography CY JUL 26-30, 2004 CL Tech univ Munchen, Munich, GERMANY HO Tech univ Munchen DE neutron; radiography; imaging AB The design objective of the thermal neutron radiography facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research was to provide a large beam diameter and a high fluence rate in order to produce images of dynamic systems. A thermal neutron beam with a 14 cm diameter thimble was chosen. The beam was initially filtered by a 10 cm thick single crystal bismuth filter cooled with liquid nitrogen. The beam exiting the port is shaped using either a 1 cm or 2cm diameter pinhole to form a uniform high fluence rate beam at the sample. The resulting neutron beam at the sample has an L/D ratio of 280 with a fluence rate of 1.84 x 10(7) cm(-2) s(-1) and 560 with a fluence rate of 4.75 x 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1) uniformly spread over a 26 cm diameter beam. To capture the neutron beam image a scintillator and CCD camera is used. The current neutron camera system is limited to a 2.5 s frame rate; however, a high frame rate detector system based on amorphous silicon will allow frame rates to meet the design goal. Samples can be rotated and translated in situ for radiography and tomography applications. This facility became operational in early 2003. Since then the facility has been translated backwards by approximate to 2.13 m and 5 cm of bismuth was added to the filter. The design of this facility and the impact of the later changes are discussed. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jacobson, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8461,Bldg 235 RM B-185, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.jacobson@nist.gov OI Huffman, Paul/0000-0002-2562-1378 NR 4 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 21 PY 2005 VL 542 IS 1-3 BP 9 EP 15 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2005.01.004 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 928TT UT WOS:000229295300003 ER PT J AU Karovska, M Schlegel, E Hack, W Raymond, JC Wood, BE AF Karovska, M Schlegel, E Hack, W Raymond, JC Wood, BE TI A large X-ray outburst in Mira A SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE binaries : symbiotic; stars : activity; stars : AGB and post-AGB; stars : individual (Mira AB); stars : winds, outflows; X-rays : general ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; GIANT BRANCH STARS; ULTRAVIOLET-SPECTRA; BINARY-SYSTEM; H-2 EMISSION; CH CYGNI AB We report the Chandra ACIS-S detection of a bright soft X-ray transient in the Mira AB interacting symbiotic-like binary. We have resolved the system for the first time in X-rays. Using Chandra and Hubble Space Telescope images, we determine that the unprecedented outburst is likely associated with the cool asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star, Mira A, the prototype of the Mira class of variables. X-rays have never before been detected from an AGB star, and the recent activity signals that the system is undergoing dramatic changes. The total X-ray luminosity of the system is several times higher than the luminosity estimated using previous XMM-Newton and ROSAT observations. The outburst may be caused by a giant flare in Mira A associated with a mass ejection or a jet and may have long-term consequences on the system. C1 Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Karovska, M (reprint author), Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NR 21 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 1 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2005 VL 623 IS 2 BP L137 EP L140 DI 10.1086/430111 PN 2 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 917GV UT WOS:000228445600019 ER PT J AU Kleypas, JA Buddemeier, RW Eakin, CM Gattuso, JP Guinotte, J Hoegh-Guldberg, O Iglesias-Prieto, R Jokiel, PL Langdon, C Skirving, W Strong, AE AF Kleypas, JA Buddemeier, RW Eakin, CM Gattuso, JP Guinotte, J Hoegh-Guldberg, O Iglesias-Prieto, R Jokiel, PL Langdon, C Skirving, W Strong, AE TI Comment on "Coral reef calcification and climate change: The effect of ocean warming'' SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CO2 PARTIAL-PRESSURE; MONTASTREA-ANNULARIS; TEMPERATURE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; REPRODUCTION; FUTURE; GROWTH; LIMITS C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Kansas, Kansas Geol Survey, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA. NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Oceanog Lab, F-06234 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. Marine Conservat Biol Inst, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Cancun 77500, QR, Mexico. Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, ORA,SO, NOAA Sci Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld, Australia. RP Kleypas, JA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM kleypas@ucar.edu RI Gattuso, Jean-Pierre/E-6631-2010; Iglesias-Prieto, Roberto/E-4921-2011; Strong, Alan/E-7924-2011; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/H-6169-2011; Skirving, William/E-7927-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 OI Gattuso, Jean-Pierre/0000-0002-4533-4114; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/0000-0001-7510-6713; Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427; NR 23 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 20 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 8 AR L08601 DI 10.1029/2004GL022329 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 922PV UT WOS:000228851100003 ER PT J AU Roberts, JM AF Roberts, JM TI Measurement of the Henry's law coefficient and first order loss rate of PAN in n-octanol SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PEROXYACETYL NITRATE PAN; SULFURIC-ACID; HYDROLYSIS; SOLUBILITY AB The Henry's Law solubility and first order loss rates of PAN (peroxyacetic nitric anhydride, CH3C(O)OONO2) in a model non-polar solvent, n-octanol, were measured for a range of temperatures pertinent to the lower troposphere (273-298&DEG; K). The solubility was found to be factors of 6 to 12 higher than those measured previously for pure water, ranging between 110&PLUSMN; 7.5 M/atm at 273 &DEG; K and 34&PLUSMN; 1.7 M/atm at 298&DEG; K. The loss rates were found to vary from below 0.5x10-5 sec(-1) at 273&DEG; K to 5.2&PLUSMN; 1.9x10(-5) sec(-1) at 298&DEG; K. Several simple approaches were used to estimate that the uptake of PAN on organic aerosol has a negligible impact on ambient PAN concentrations. C1 NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Roberts, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Aeron Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM james.m.roberts@noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172 NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 19 PY 2005 VL 32 IS 8 AR L08803 DI 10.1029/2004GL022327 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 922PT UT WOS:000228850900006 ER PT J AU Vlasenko, V Ostrovsky, L Hutter, K AF Vlasenko, V Ostrovsky, L Hutter, K TI Adiabatic behavior of strongly nonlinear internal solitary waves in slope-shelf areas SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID STRATIFIED FLUID; TRAPPED CORES; COASTAL ZONE; AMPLITUDE; TOPOGRAPHY; BREAKING; MODEL; SOLITONS; SEA; DISINTEGRATION AB [1] Transformation of large-amplitude internal solitary waves (ISW) propagating over slope-shelf topography is studied theoretically and with the use of the experimental data collected during the Coastal Ocean Probing Experiment ( COPE). Taking into account a very strong nonlinearity of observed waves ( the ratio of isotherm displacement to their initial depth reached a value of 5), two different approaches were employed for the theoretical investigations of the wave evolution: numerical simulations in the framework of a fully nonlinear nonhydrostatic system of equations and estimations based on a long-wave equation derived for a two-layer fluid without any restrictions on the wave amplitude. Special attention is paid to the adiabatic stage of the wave evolution over a gently sloping bottom when the ISW conserves its energy in the course of propagation and preserves the parameters close to a steady solitary wave corresponding to each local depth. Strong ISWs vary adiabatically along the path of propagation until their vertical scale ( amplitude) becomes comparable with the total water depth. This adiabatic process typically ends when a soliton reaches its limiting amplitude, after which the breaking process occurs that leads to the generation of turbulence. For a sharp pycnocline, simplified two-layer models are applicable for the study of the shoaling process roughly within the same limits as for steady solitons over a flat bottom. Even for a relatively smooth stratification, some soliton parameters, such as its velocity and the peak particle velocity, can be satisfactorily evaluated from two-layer models. C1 Univ Plymouth, Sch Earth Ocean & Environm Sci, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. NOAA, ETL, Zel Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. TH Darmstadt, Inst Mech, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany. RP Vlasenko, V (reprint author), Univ Plymouth, Sch Earth Ocean & Environm Sci, Drake Circus, Plymouth PL4 8AA, Devon, England. EM vvlasenko@plymouth.ac.uk; lev.a.ostrovsky@etl.noaa.gov; hutter@mechanik.tu-darmstadt.de OI Ostrovsky, Lev/0000-0003-2233-1305 NR 42 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 19 PY 2005 VL 110 IS C4 AR C04006 DI 10.1029/2004JC002705 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 922QT UT WOS:000228853600001 ER PT J AU Toney, MF Borchers, JA O'Donovan, KV Majkrzak, CF Margulies, DT Fullerton, EE AF Toney, MF Borchers, JA O'Donovan, KV Majkrzak, CF Margulies, DT Fullerton, EE TI Magnetization profile in antiferromagnetically coupled recording media SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC FERRIMAGNETIC MEDIA; THERMAL-STABILITY; NEUTRON REFLECTOMETRY; 100 GB/IN(2); LAYERS; ANISOTROPY AB We report polarized neutron reflectivity (PNR) studies of antiferromagnetically coupled (AFC) magnetic recording media with the aim of understanding how the two ferromagnetic layers switch magnetization direction. The PNR measurements were conducted at applied magnetic fields from near saturation to near the coercive field of the upper layer. From the PNR spectra, we obtain the magnetization profile of the AFC media. The results verify that the lower layer is aligned antiparallel to the magnetically hard upper layer in low fields. However, the magnetization of the upper layer shows an unexpected decrease as the lower layer reverses direction, which indicates that the interaction between the upper and lower layers is more complex than previously thought. © 2005 American Institute of Physics. C1 Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. RP Toney, MF (reprint author), Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. EM mftoney@slac.stanford.edu RI Fullerton, Eric/H-8445-2013 OI Fullerton, Eric/0000-0002-4725-9509 NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 18 PY 2005 VL 86 IS 16 AR 162506 DI 10.1063/1.1906300 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 925GD UT WOS:000229040300051 ER EF