FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Nero, RW Feuillade, C Thompson, CH Love, RH AF Nero, R. W. Feuillade, C. Thompson, C. H. Love, R. H. TI Near-resonance scattering from arrays of artificial fish swimbladders SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; SHALLOW-WATER; VOLUME; SOUND; MODEL; STRENGTHS; BUBBLES; SCHOOL AB The air-filled swimbladders of fish resonate like damped air bubbles, and are very efficient acoustic scatterers at low to mid frequencies (typically < 20 kHz). Scattering experiments were performed on an artificial "fish school" constructed from polyethylene bubbles. A mathematical model, developed to describe near-resonance backscattering from schooling fish [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 99, 196-208 (1996)], was used to analyze the physical behavior for three different arrays of these bubbles. The measurements gave excellent agreement with the model, showing that coupled-resonance and interference effects cause the frequency response of tightly packed arrays, with spacing corresponding to the order of a body length for fish, to differ significantly from those of more dispersed arrays. As the array spacing is increased to the equivalent of several body lengths, these effects rapidly diminish. The results of this comparison demonstrate that, at low to mid frequencies, coupled resonance and interference effects are likely in schooling fish, and need to be considered in applications of underwater acoustic methods to the study of fish populations. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 USN, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. BayouAcoustics, Ft Worth, TX 76179 USA. RP Nero, RW (reprint author), USN, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 121 IS 1 BP 132 EP 143 DI 10.1121/1.2382277 PG 12 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 129WX UT WOS:000243761900012 PM 17297769 ER PT J AU Sanchez-Gonzalez, E Melendez-Martinez, JJ Pajares, A Miranda, P Guiberteau, F Lawn, BR AF Sanchez-Gonzalez, Estibaliz Melendez-Martinez, Juan J. Pajares, Antonia Miranda, Pedro Guiberteau, Fernando Lawn, Brian R. TI Application of Hertzian tests to measure stress-strain characteristics of ceramics at elevated temperatures SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BRITTLE-COATING STRUCTURES; MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION; CONTACT DAMAGE; IMPRESSION CREEP; SILICON-NITRIDE; INDENTATION; DEPENDENCE; ZIRCONIA; FRACTURE; HARDNESS AB A new method for evaluating the elastic-plastic properties of ceramics from room temperature up to the onset of creep based on Hertzian indentation testing is proposed. Indentation stress-strain curves are compiled for representative alumina and zirconia ceramics at prescribed temperatures. Deconvolution of the indentation stress-strain curves for each material provides a measure of Young's modulus, yield stress, and work-hardening coefficient as a function of temperature, enabling construction of true stress-strain curves. The stress-strain curves flatten out with increasing temperature, in accordance with an expected increased plastic response at elevated temperatures. C1 Univ Extremadura, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, Badajoz 06071, Spain. Univ Extremadura, Escuela Ingn Ind, Dept Elect & Ing Electromecan, Badajoz 06071, Spain. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pajares, A (reprint author), Univ Extremadura, Fac Ciencias, Dept Fis, Badajoz 06071, Spain. EM apajares@unex.es RI Miranda, Pedro/C-4465-2008; Melendez, Juan Jose/A-6524-2013; Pajares, Antonia/I-3881-2015 OI Miranda, Pedro/0000-0003-4348-110X; Melendez, Juan Jose/0000-0003-1036-6666; Pajares, Antonia/0000-0002-1086-7586 NR 28 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 90 IS 1 BP 149 EP 153 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2006.01339.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 124OH UT WOS:000243377200023 ER PT J AU Neta, P Pu, QL Kilpatrick, L Yang, XY Stein, SE AF Neta, Pedatsur Pu, Quan-Long Kilpatrick, Lisa Yang, Xiaoyu Stein, Stephen E. TI Dehydration versus deamination of N-terminal glutamine in collision-induced dissociation of protonated peptides SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; GAS-PHASE BASICITY; FRAGMENTATION; ENERGY; MOBILE; BOND AB Some of the most prominent "neutral losses" in peptide ion fragmentation are the loss of ammonia and water from N-terminal glutamine. These processes are studied by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in singly- and doubly-protonated peptide ions undergoing collision-induced dissociation in a triple quadrupole and in an ion trap instrument. For this study, four sets of peptides were synthesized: (1) QLLLPLLLK and similar peptides with K replaced by R, H, or L, and Q replaced by a number of amino acids, (2) QL(n)K (n = 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11), (3) QL(n)R (n = 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9), and (4) QLn (n = 1, 2, 3, 4, 8). The results for QLLLPLLLK and QLLLPLLLR show that the singly protonated ions undergo loss of ammonia and to a smaller extent loss of water, whereas the doubly protonated ions undergo predominant loss of water. The fast fragmentation next to P (forming the y(5) ion) occurs to a larger extent than the neutral losses from the singly protonated ions but much less than the water loss from the doubly protonated ions. The results from these and other peptides show that, in general, when N-terminal glutamine peptides have no "mobile protons", that is, the number of charges on the peptide is no greater than the number of basic amino acids (K, R, H), deamination is the predominant neutral loss fragmentation, but when mobile protons are present the predominant process is the loss of water. Both of these processes are faster than backbone fragmentation at the proline. These results are rationalized on the basis of resonance stabilization of the two types of five-membered ring products that would be formed in the neutral loss processes; the singly protonated ion yields the more stable neutral pyrrolidinone ring whereas the doubly protonated ion yields the protonated aminopyrroline ring (see Schemes). The generality of these trends is confirmed by analyzing an MS/MS spectra library of peptides derived from tryptic digests of yeast. In the absence of mobile protons, glutamine deamination is the most rapid neutral loss process. For peptides with mobile protons, dehydration from glutamine is far more rapid than from any other amino acid. Most strikingly, end terminal glutamine is by far the most labile source of neutral loss in excess-proton peptides, but not highly exceptional when mobile protons are not available. In addition, rates of deamination are faster in lysine versus arginine C-terminus peptides and 20 times faster in positively charged than negatively charged peptides, demonstrating that these formal neutral loss reactions are not "neutral reactions" but depend on charge state and stability. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stein, SE (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Mass Spectrometry Data Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steve.stein@nist.gov NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1044-0305 J9 J AM SOC MASS SPECTR JI J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 18 IS 1 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.jasms.2006.08.016 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 129EV UT WOS:000243712200004 PM 17005415 ER PT J AU Drobinski, P Carlotti, P Redelsperger, JL Banta, RM Masson, V Newsom, RK AF Drobinski, Philippe Carlotti, Pierre Redelsperger, Jean-Luc Banta, Robert M. Masson, Valery Newsom, Rob K. TI Numerical and experimental investigation of the neutral atmospheric surface layer SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENT-BOUNDARY-LAYERS; LONGITUDINAL VELOCITY FLUCTUATIONS; ENERGY-CONTAINING SCALES; DEVELOPED PIPE-FLOW; DOPPLER LIDAR; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; COHERENT STRUCTURES; DYNAMIC SUBLAYER AB This study combines the experimental measurements with large-eddy simulation (LES) data of a neutral planetary boundary layer (PBL) documented by a 60-m tower instrumented with eight sonic anemometers, and a high-resolution Doppler lidar during the 1999 Cooperative Atmospheric and Surface Exchange Study (CASES-99) experiment. The target of the paper is (i) to investigate the multiscale nature of the turbulent eddies in the surface layer (SL), (ii) to explain the existence of a -1 power law in the velocity fluctuation spectra, and (iii) to investigate the different nature of turbulence in the two sublayers within the SL, which are the eddy surface layer (ESL; lower sublayer of the SL lying between the surface and about 20-m height) and the shear surface layer (SSL; lying between the ESL top and the SL top). The sonic anemometers and Doppler lidar prove to be proper instruments for LES validation, and in particular, the Doppler lidar because of its ability to map near-surface eddies. This study shows the different nature of turbulence in the ESL and the SSL in terms of organized eddies, velocity fluctuation spectra, and second-order moment statistics. If quantitative agreement is found in the SSL between the LES and the measurements, only qualitative similarity is found in the ESL due to the subgrid-scale model, indicating that the LES captures part of the physics of the ESL. The LES helps explain the origin of the -1 power-law spectral subrange evidence in the velocity fluctuation spectra computed in the SL using the CASES-99 dataset: strong interaction between the mean flow and the fluctuating vorticities is found in the SL, and turbulent production is found to be larger than turbulent energy transfer for k(1)z > 1 (k(1) being the longitudinal wavenumber and z the height), which is the condition of the -1 power-law existence. C1 Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Aeron, Paris, France. Ctr Etud Tunnels, Bron, France. Meteo France, Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Toulouse, France. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Drobinski, P (reprint author), Ecole Polytech, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. EM philippe.drobinski@aero.jussieu.fr RI Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Jean-Luc, Redelsperger/L-4021-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 96 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 64 IS 1 BP 137 EP 156 DI 10.1175/JAS3831.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 126QO UT WOS:000243529900007 ER PT J AU Held, IM Zhao, M Wyman, B AF Held, Isaac M. Zhao, Ming Wyman, Bruce TI Dynamic radiative-convective equilibria using GCM column physics SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; MOIST CONVECTION; ARAKAWA-SCHUBERT; WATER-VAPOR; SENSITIVITY; MODELS; CLOUD; PARAMETERIZATION; CIRCULATION; CLIMATE AB The behavior of a GCM column physics package in a nonrotating, doubly periodic, homogeneous setting with prescribed SSTs is examined. This radiative-convective framework is proposed as a useful tool for studying some of the interactions between convection and larger-scale dynamics and the effects of differing modeling assumptions on convective organization and cloud feedbacks. For the column physics utilized here, from the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) AM2 model, many of the properties of the homogeneous, nonrotating model are closely tied to the fraction of precipitation that is large-scale, rather than convective. Significant large-scale precipitation appears above a critical temperature and then increases with further increases in temperature. The amount of large-scale precipitation is a function of horizontal resolution and can also be controlled by modifying the convection scheme, as is illustrated here by modifying assumptions concerning entrainment into convective plumes. Significant similarities are found between the behavior of the homogeneous model and that of the Tropics of the parent GCM when ocean temperatures are increased and when the convection scheme is modified. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Held, IM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus,US Route 1,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Isaac.Held@noaa.gov RI Zhao, Ming/C-6928-2014 NR 13 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 64 IS 1 BP 228 EP 238 DI 10.1175/JAS3825.11 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 126QO UT WOS:000243529900013 ER PT J AU Leifer, ND Colon, A Martocci, K Greenbaum, SG Alamgir, FM Reddy, TB Gleason, NR Leising, RA Takeuchi, ES AF Leifer, N. D. Colon, A. Martocci, K. Greenbaum, S. G. Alamgir, F. M. Reddy, T. B. Gleason, N. R. Leising, R. A. Takeuchi, E. S. TI Nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray absorption spectroscopic studies of lithium insertion in silver vanadium oxide cathodes SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; LI-7 NMR; INTERCALATED LIXV2O5; MAS-NMR; AG2V4O11; V2O5 AB Structural studies have been carried out on Ag2V4O11 (silver vanadium oxide, SVO) and LixAg2V4O11, lithiated SVO with x=0.72, 2.13, and 5.59 using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Lithium-7 NMR indicates the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase layer on the x=0.72 sample and lithium intercalation into both octahedral and tetrahedral sites in the SVO lattice, and that most but not all of the Ag (I) is reduced prior to initiation of V(V) reduction. Vanadium-51 NMR studies of SVO and lithiated SVO show decreased crystallinity with increased lithiation, as previously reported. Silver XAS studies indicate the formation of metallic silver crystallites in all the lithiated samples. A comparison of X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy spectra for vanadium in these samples with those of reference compounds shows that some reduction of vanadium (V) occurs in the lithiated SVO with x=0.72 and increases with further lithiation leading to the formation of V(IV) and V(III) species. The results of this study indicate that vanadium(V) reduction occurs in parallel with silver (I) reduction during the initial stages of SVO lithiation, leading ultimately to the formation of vanadium (IV) and (III) species with further lithiation. C1 CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10021 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Robert Wood Johnson Med Sch, Bioengn Div, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Greatbatch Inc, Clarence, NY 14031 USA. RP Greenbaum, SG (reprint author), CUNY Hunter Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM steve.greenbaum@hunter.cuny.edu RI Takeuchi, Esther/D-1825-2014; OI Alamgir, Faisal/0000-0002-0894-8096 NR 26 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 6 BP A500 EP A506 DI 10.1149/1.2718402 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 163RG UT WOS:000246179800002 ER PT J AU Hertz, JL Tuller, HL AF Hertz, Joshua L. Tuller, Harry L. TI Nanocomposite platinum-yttria stabilized zirconia electrode and implications for Micro-SOFC operation SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ELECTRICAL-PROPERTIES; CERMET FILMS; MICROELECTRODES; SENSOR AB Thin-film composite electrodes with nanometric grains of platinum and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were reactively sputtered onto single-crystal yttria-stabilized zirconia. The activation polarization resistance exhibited an activation energy of 1.3-1.5 eV and was found to have an approximate inverse dependence on microelectrode radius squared, consistent with, effectively, a mixed ionic-electronic conductive nature. Area specific polarization resistances of less than 500 Omega cm(2) were achieved at 400 degrees C in a dense thin-film electrode. The attractiveness of these nanocomposite electrodes for use in microfabricated solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), of interest as portable power sources, is discussed. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Hertz, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.hertz@nist.gov RI Hertz, Joshua/B-7239-2012; Bueno, Ligia/P-1359-2014 OI Hertz, Joshua/0000-0003-0650-5141; NR 18 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 4 BP B413 EP B418 DI 10.1149/1.2452902 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 144JL UT WOS:000244792200028 ER PT J AU Josell, D Moffat, TP Wheeler, D AF Josell, D. Moffat, T. P. Wheeler, D. TI Superfilling when adsorbed accelerators are mobile SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; SUPERCONFORMAL ELECTRODEPOSITION; SUBMICROMETER FEATURES; GOLD SUPERFILL; FILM GROWTH; COPPER; TRENCHES; SILVER; MODEL; SURFACTANT AB Bottom-up superconformal feature filling during electrodeposition, called "superfilling," that is used for industrial processing of damascene copper interconnects has also been demonstrated during electrodeposition of silver and gold. The curvature enhanced accelerator coverage (CEAC) mechanism has been proposed to underlie all three processes and has been used to quantitatively predict observed filling of patterned features. The key feature of the CEAC mechanism is redistribution of adsorbed additives through changes of local surface area as dictated by mass conservation and the relative strengths of adsorption. Previous studies of CEAC-mediated superfilling have neglected adsorbate diffusion along the surface that might arise during deposition due to the CEAC-induced gradients in surface coverage. This paper extends the CEAC model to include such diffusion, applying the resulting formulation to understand differences in the geometries of experimental superfilling systems. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Daniel.josell@nist.gov RI Wheeler, Daniel/C-8994-2009 OI Wheeler, Daniel/0000-0002-2653-7418 NR 26 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 15 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 4 BP D208 EP D214 DI 10.1149/1.2434684 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 144JL UT WOS:000244792200038 ER PT J AU Kim, SK Bonevich, JE Josell, D Moffat, TP AF Kim, S.-K. Bonevich, J. E. Josell, D. Moffat, T. P. TI Electrodeposition of ni in submicrometer trenches SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ACIDIC SULFATE-SOLUTIONS; ORGANIC ADDITIVES; SUPERCONFORMAL ELECTRODEPOSITION; COPPER ELECTRODEPOSITION; ELECTROPLATED MATERIALS; RECORDING-HEADS; FILM GROWTH; THIN-FILM; THIOUREA; NICKEL AB A survey of the effect of cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants on the rate and morphological evolution of nickel electrodeposition is presented. Attention is given to the prospect for void-free filling of submicrometer trenches. Cationic species such as polyethyleneimine (PEI) and cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium (CTA + ) yield significant inhibition of nickel deposition. For a range of concentrations the single cationic surfactant systems exhibit hysteretic voltammetric curves that, when corrected for ohmic electrolyte losses, reveal an S-shaped negative differential resistance. Void-free bottom-up superconformal feature filling is observed when operating at potentials within the hysteretic regime whereby metal deposition begins preferentially in the most densely patterned regions of the wafer followed by propagation of the growth front laterally across the wafer surface. In contrast, at low overpotentials and concentrations, sulfur-bearing additives such as thiourea (TU) exert a depolarizing effect on nickel deposition and negligible hysteresis. When PEI and TU are both present, the suppression provided by PEI is diminished and feature filling leads to uniform deposition on the wafer scale. Suitable combinations of PEI and TU enable near void-free filling of >= 230 nm wide trenches with sloping (similar to 3.5 degrees) sidewalls. Initial conformal growth is followed by geometric leveling once the deposits on the sloping sidewalls meet. (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moffat, TP (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Ctr Fuel Cell Res, Seoul 130650, South Korea. EM thomas.moffat@nist.gov RI Kim, Soo-Kil/E-1295-2011 NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 9 BP D443 EP D451 DI 10.1149/1.2749188 PG 9 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 203OT UT WOS:000248984600038 ER PT J AU Walker, ML Richter, LJ Moffat, TP AF Walker, Marlon L. Richter, Lee J. Moffat, Thomas P. TI Potential dependence of competitive adsorption of PEG, Cl(-), and SPS/MPS on Cu - An in situ ellipsometric study SO JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; COPPER ELECTRODEPOSITION; POLYETHYLENE-GLYCOL; ELECTRODESORPTION POTENTIALS; ALKANETHIOLATE MONOLAYERS; DIALKYL DISULFIDES; ADDITIVE SYSTEM; CHLORIDE-IONS; GOLD; COADSORPTION AB Potential-dependent adsorption of bis-(3-sulfopropyl) disulfide (SPS), 3-mercaptopropyl sulfonate (MPS), chloride (Cl(-)), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) on evaporated Cu thin films was examined using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry at -0.65 V(MSE), -0.75 V(MSE), and -0.85 V(MSE) under quiescent conditions. The adsorption for the thiol compound was similar at all potentials examined, but the adsorption of the disulfide increased at more negative potentials. The influence of Cl(-) on the substrate was greatly diminished and PEG concurrently less strongly adsorbed at more negative potentials, as measured by ellipsometric responses. Both adsorbed MPS and SPS inhibited the specific adsorption of PEG in the presence of Cl(-). Likewise MPS and SPS added to the electrolyte displaced preadsorbed PEG/ Cl(-) layers, with the displacement by the disulfide compound strongly potential dependent. At all potentials studied, the disulfide was less effective than MPS at displacement of preadsorbed PEG/ Cl(-). (c) 2007 The Electrochemical Society. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Walker, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marlon.walker@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 40 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 18 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 SOUTH MAIN STREET, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534 USA SN 0013-4651 J9 J ELECTROCHEM SOC JI J. Electrochem. Soc. PY 2007 VL 154 IS 5 BP D277 EP D282 DI 10.1149/1.2710200 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science GA 152OQ UT WOS:000245371700031 ER PT J AU Lu, ZQJ AF Lu, Z. Q. John TI Statistical inference based on divergence measures SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-STATISTICS IN SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lu, ZQJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-1998 J9 J ROY STAT SOC A STA JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A-Stat. Soc. PY 2007 VL 170 BP 857 EP 858 PN 3 PG 2 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA 189HU UT WOS:000247980800022 ER PT J AU Lu, ZQJ AF Lu, Z. Q. John TI DNA microarrays and related genomics techniques: Design, analysis, and interpretation of experiments SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-STATISTICS IN SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lu, ZQJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0964-1998 J9 J ROY STAT SOC A STA JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A-Stat. Soc. PY 2007 VL 170 BP 1178 EP 1179 PN 4 PG 3 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA 215RU UT WOS:000249827500015 ER PT J AU Lu, ZQJ AF Lu, Z. Q. John TI Bayesian inference for gene expression and proteomics SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL STATISTICAL SOCIETY SERIES A-STATISTICS IN SOCIETY LA English DT Book Review DE ` C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lu, ZQJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0964-1998 EI 1467-985X J9 J R STAT SOC A STAT JI J. R. Stat. Soc. Ser. A-Stat. Soc. PY 2007 VL 170 BP 1181 EP 1181 PN 4 PG 1 WC Social Sciences, Mathematical Methods; Statistics & Probability SC Mathematical Methods In Social Sciences; Mathematics GA 215RU UT WOS:000249827500021 ER PT J AU Purushotham, KP Ward, LP Brack, N Pigram, PJ Evans, P Noorman, H Manory, RR AF Purushotham, K. P. Ward, L. P. Brack, N. Pigram, P. J. Evans, P. Noorman, H. Manory, R. R. TI Corrosion behavior of Zr modified CrN coatings using metal vapor vacuum arc ion implantation SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID BEAM-ENHANCED-DEPOSITION; NITRIDE COATINGS; PLASMA DEPOSITION; FILMS; RESISTANCE; STEEL; QUALITY; NIOBIUM; TIN AB In recent years, attention has focused on the use of alternative metal nitride coatings as replacements for TiN for not only improved wear resistance and surface hardness but also for increased corrosion resistance in selected environments. While these coatings display excellent wear resistance and surface hardness, like many nitride coatings, their corrosion behavior is determined to a large extent by the presence of defects such as pinholes within the coating. Improved corrosion resistance is expected through minimizing the porosity/number of pinholes within the coating, through postdeposition surface modification. The aim of this study was to modify the surface of CrN coatings using metal vapor vacuum arc ion implantation. CrN coatings were deposited on AISI 316 stainless steel and AISI 1020 mild steel substrates using physical vapor deposition technology, followed by implantation of Zr ions into the coating at doses varying from 6 x 10(16) to 2 x 10(17) ions/cm(2). The corrosion behavior was assessed in saline environments using linear polarization techniques and the corroded surface of the coatings was characterized using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results of the study showed that implantation of Zr ions into CrN resulted in a lowering of the corrosion current density, suggesting improved corrosion resistance. This was though to be associated with two factors. Firstly, partial closure of the pinholes as a result of the implantation process and secondly, the formation of ZrN, CrZrN, and various oxynitrides/oxides at the surface. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Royal Melbourne Inst Technol, Sch Civil Environm & Chem Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. NIST, Nanometrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. La Trobe Univ, Dept Phys, Bundoora, Vic 3086, Australia. Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. M&H Mat Pty Ltd, Brighton, Vic 3186, Australia. RP Ward, LP (reprint author), Royal Melbourne Inst Technol, Sch Civil Environm & Chem Engn, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM l.ward@rmit.edu.cu RI Brack, Narelle/B-4212-2008; Pigram, Paul/B-9402-2011; Administrator, CMSS/E-3491-2015; Register, CMSS/G-7191-2015 OI Pigram, Paul/0000-0002-7972-492X; NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 110 EP 116 DI 10.1116/1.2400682 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 131RK UT WOS:000243887300014 ER PT J AU Motayed, A He, MQ Davydov, AV Melngailis, J Mohammad, SN AF Motayed, Abhishek He, Maoqi Davydov, Albert V. Melngailis, John Mohammad, S. N. TI Simple model for dielectrophoretic alignment of gallium nitride nanowires SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID BUILDING-BLOCKS AB A model describing the dielectrophoretic alignment of gallium nitride nanowires suspended in a solvent is presented here. The variations in the dielectrophoretic forces experienced by nanowires in different dispersing solvents have been calculated. It is shown that the relative sizes of the nanowires with respect to the spherical microparticles play a major role in the dielectrophoretic forces experienced by them. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Motayed, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amotayed@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 120 EP 123 DI 10.1116/1.2429673 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 140NO UT WOS:000244512400024 ER PT J AU Vogt, BD Kang, SH Prabhu, VM Rao, A Lin, EK Wu, WL Satija, SK Turnquest, K AF Vogt, Bryan D. Kang, Shuhui Prabhu, Vivek M. Rao, Ashwin Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-li Satija, Sushil K. Turnquest, Karen TI Influence of base additives on the reaction-diffusion front of model chemically amplified photoresists SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID LINE EDGE ROUGHNESS; AMPLIFICATION RESISTS; LITHOGRAPHY; COMPONENTS; PATTERNS AB The effects of amine base quencher on the photoacid catalyzed deprotection reaction-diffusion front in model photoresists were measured by combination of neutron reflectivity and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Modulation in the location of the base with respect to the diffusing photoacid catalyst changes the spatial reaction extent and illuminates the complex role of the base on the shape of the reaction-diffusion front. Despite similar total extents of reaction, a comparison between uniform base and model photodegradable base distributions demonstrates distinct reaction time and base concentration effects on the deprotection profile shape. These differences arise from the modification of the initial deprotection extent due to both the neutralization of the photoacid and the influence of the changing photoresist composition on the reaction-diffusion process. The use of the model photodegradable base results in a sharper front due to these effects. Lastly, aqueous hydroxide development of these latent images demonstrates a limit to the improvement in feature quality obtained from sharpening of the deprotection profile with base additives. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 175 EP 182 DI 10.1116/1.2429675 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 140NO UT WOS:000244512400033 ER PT J AU Gergel-Hackett, N Cabral, MJ Pernell, TL Harriott, LR Bean, JC Chen, B Lu, M Tour, JM AF Gergel-Hackett, Nadine Cabral, Michael J. Pernell, Timothy L. Harriott, Lloyd R. Bean, John C. Chen, Bo Lu, Meng Tour, James M. TI Vapor phase deposition of oligo(phenylene ethynylene) molecules for use in molecular electronic devices SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID NEGATIVE DIFFERENTIAL RESISTANCE; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ELECTRICAL CHARACTERIZATION; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; SINGLE MOLECULES; METAL JUNCTIONS; NANOWELL DEVICE; MEMORY; AU(111); CONDUCTANCE AB The field of molecular electronics is often limited by nonreproducible electrical device characteristics and low yields of working devices. These limits may result from inconsistencies in the quality and structure of the monolayers; of molecules in the devices. In response, the authors have developed an ultrahigh vacuum vapor phase deposition method that reproducibly assembles monolayers of oligo(phenylene ethynylene) molecules (the chemical backbone of many of the molecules used in molecular electronics). To improve the structure and purity of the monolayer, the vapor phase assembly is performed in an ultrahigh vacuum environment using a low temperature organic thermal cell. Because vapor phase assembly does not require the use of solvents, a potential source of contamination is eliminated. The absence of solvents also permits the fabrication of complex device architectures that require photoresist patterning prior to the molecular assembly. Characterization via ellipsometry, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy shows that the monolayers are dense, chemisorbed, ordered, and chemically pure. (c) 2007 American Vacuum Society. C1 Univ Virginia, Charles L Brown Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Rice Univ, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Gergel-Hackett, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg 225,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john-bean@virginia.edu RI Gergel-Hackett, Nadine/B-9704-2009; OI Tour, James/0000-0002-8479-9328 NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 25 IS 1 BP 252 EP 257 DI 10.1116/1.2433981 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 140NO UT WOS:000244512400047 ER PT J AU Yamada, T Iida, K Yamago, S AF Yamada, Takeshi Iida, Kazunori Yamago, Shigeru TI Living radical polymerization - Current status and future perspective SO KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU LA Japanese DT Review DE living radical polymerization; NMP; ATRP; RAFT; TERP; reaction mechanism; functional materials ID FRAGMENTATION CHAIN TRANSFER; N-BUTYL ACRYLATE; PERMEATION CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION; NITROXIDE-MEDIATED POLYMERIZATION; TRANSFER RAFT POLYMERIZATION; ACTIVATION RATE CONSTANTS; CARBON-CENTERED RADICALS; METHYL-METHACRYLATE; DEGENERATIVE TRANSFER; RATE ENHANCEMENT AB Living radical polymerization (LRP) has attracted a great deal of attention recently from various viewpoints. This is not only because the development of new LRP methods is a scientific challenge, but also because LRP would allow the synthesis of high-valued functional polymeric materials with controlled macromolecular structures for nanosciences and technologies. This review summarizes and compares representative LRP methods developed during the past 15 years from the mechanistic viewpoint to understand their similarities and differences. Nitroxide-mediated living radical polymerization (NMP), atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP), reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization (RAFT), and organotellurium-mediated living radical polymerization (TERP) are discussed. This review will be published as two sections. This first section deals with the definition of LRP, the historical background of its discovery, common reaction mechanisms, and the mechanism of NMP. The second section will describe mechanisms of ATRP, RAFT, and TERP, and recent topics and future perspective of LRPs. C1 Kyoto Univ, Pioneering Res Unit Next Generat, Uji 6110011, Japan. Kyoto Univ, Inst Chem Res, Uji 6110011, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yamada, T (reprint author), Kyoto Univ, Pioneering Res Unit Next Generat, Uji 6110011, Japan. RI Yamago, Shigeru/G-4668-2013 OI Yamago, Shigeru/0000-0002-4112-7249 NR 100 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 34 PU SOC POLYMER SCIENCE JAPAN PI TOKYO PA TSUKIJI DAISAN NAGAOKA BLDG, 2-4-2 TSUKIJI, CHUO-KU, TOKYO, 104, JAPAN SN 0386-2186 J9 KOBUNSHI RONBUNSHU JI Kobunshi Ronbunshu PY 2007 VL 64 IS 6 BP 329 EP 342 DI 10.1295/koron.64.329 PG 14 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 197FA UT WOS:000248538800001 ER PT J AU Atencia, J Barnes, S Douglas, J Meacham, M Locascio, LE AF Atencia, Javier Barnes, Susan Douglas, Jack Meacham, Mark Locascio, Laurie E. TI Using pattern homogenization of binary grayscale masks to fabricate microfluidic structures with 3D topography SO LAB ON A CHIP LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-EXPOSURE PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY; GRAY-SCALE PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY; 3-DIMENSIONAL MICROSTRUCTURES; LITHOGRAPHY; SYSTEMS AB Because fluids at the microscale form three dimensional interfaces and are subject to three dimensional forces, the ability to create microstructures with modulated topography over large areas could greatly improve control over microfluidic phenomena (e. g., capillarity and mass transport) and enable exciting novel microfluidic applications. Here, we report a method for the fabrication of three-dimensional relief microstructures, based on the emergence of smooth features when a photopolymer is exposed to UV light through a transparency mask with binary motifs. We show that homogeneous features emerge under certain critical conditions that are also common to other, apparently unrelated, phenomena such as the emergence of macroscopic continuum properties of composite materials and the rates of ligand binding to cell membrane receptors. This fabrication method is simple and inexpensive, and yet it allows for the fabrication of microstructures over large areas (centimetres) with topographic modulation of features with characteristic dimensions smaller than 100 micrometres. C1 NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Locascio, LE (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM laurie.locascio@nist.gov RI Atencia, Javier/K-8613-2012 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 13 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1473-0197 J9 LAB CHIP JI Lab Chip PY 2007 VL 7 IS 11 BP 1567 EP 1573 DI 10.1039/b709369a PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 224DY UT WOS:000250428200033 PM 17960287 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, R Pazos, M AF Lumpkin, Rick Pazos, Mayra BE Griffa, A Kirwan, AD Mariano, AJ Ozgokmen, TM Rossby, T TI Measuring surface currents with Surface Velocity Program drifters: the instrument, its data, and some recent results SO LAGRANGIAN ANALYSIS AND PREDICTION OF COASTAL AND OCEAN DYNAMICS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SATELLITE-TRACKED DRIFTERS; TROPICAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN; WIND-DRIVEN CURRENTS; LAYER HEAT-BUDGET; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PACIFIC-OCEAN; SHIP DRIFTS; IN-SITU; LAGRANGIAN STATISTICS; SEASONAL VARIABILITY C1 [Lumpkin, Rick; Pazos, Mayra] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, AOML, PhOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lumpkin, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, AOML, PhOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Pazos, Mayra/H-3693-2014 OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; Pazos, Mayra/0000-0002-8671-9723 NR 80 TC 121 Z9 124 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-87018-4 PY 2007 BP 39 EP 67 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511535901.003 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511535901 PG 29 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BXX26 UT WOS:000297340600003 ER PT S AU Lytle, AM Cheok, G Saidi, K AF Lytle, Alan M. Cheok, Gerry Saidi, Karnel BE Turner, MD Kamerman, GW TI ASTM E57 3D imaging systems committee - art. no. 65500D SO Laser Radar Technology and Applications XII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Laser Radar Technology and Applications XII CY APR 11-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE 3D imaging system; LADAR; laser scanners; performance evaluation; sensor characterization; standards AB In June 2006, a new ASTM committee (E57) was established to develop standards for 3D imaging systems. This committee is the result of a 4-year effort at the National Institute of Standards and Technology to develop performance evaluation and characterization methods for such systems. The initial focus for the committee will be on standards for 3D imaging systems typically used for applications including, but not limited to, construction and maintenance, surveying, mapping and terrain characterization, manufacturing (e.g., aerospace, shipbuilding), transportation, mining, mobility, historic preservation, and forensics. This paper reports the status of current efforts of the ASTM E57 3D Imaging Systems committee. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lytle, AM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6672-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6550 BP D5500 EP D5500 AR 65500D DI 10.1117/12.724770 PG 7 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BGL48 UT WOS:000248197000010 ER PT S AU Solomon, GS Xie, Z AF Solomon, G. S. Xie, Z. BE Schmidt, OG TI Spatial InAs Quantum Dot Positioning in GaAs Microdisk and Posts SO LATERAL ALIGMENT OF EPITAXIAL QUANTUM DOTS SE Nanoscience and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SUBSURFACE ISLAND SUPERLATTICE; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CRITICAL LAYER THICKNESS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; SELF-ORGANIZED GROWTH; SURFACE MIGRATION; PHOTON TURNSTILE; THIN-FILM; HETEROSTRUCTURES; GAAS(100) C1 [Solomon, G. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, G. S.; Xie, Z.] Stanford Univ, Solid State Photon Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP Solomon, GS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 46 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-540-46936-0 J9 NANOSCI TECHNOL PY 2007 BP 691 EP 707 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-46936-0 PG 17 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics; Physics GA BLP73 UT WOS:000270736000027 ER PT J AU Handwerker, CA Kattner, U Moon, K Bath, J Bradley, E Snugovsky, P AF Handwerker, Carol A. Kattner, Ursula Moon, Kilwon Bath, Jasbir Bradley, Edwin Snugovsky, Polina BE Bradley, E Handwerker, CA Bath, J Parker, RD Gedney, RW TI Alloy Selection SO LEAD-FREE ELECTRONICS: INEMI PROJECTS LEAD TO SUCCESSFUL MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LEAD-FREE SOLDER; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; SN; PB; TEMPERATURE; JOINTS C1 [Handwerker, Carol A.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Kattner, Ursula; Moon, Kilwon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bath, Jasbir] Solectron Corp, Milpetas, CA USA. [Bradley, Edwin] Motorola Inc, Plantation, FL USA. [Snugovsky, Polina] Celestica, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Handwerker, CA (reprint author), Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NR 50 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-0-470-17147-9 PY 2007 BP 9 EP 46 DI 10.1002/9780470171479.ch1 D2 10.1002/9780470171479 PG 38 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BCG59 UT WOS:000310159200003 ER PT J AU Jefferson, TA Hung, SK AF Jefferson, Thomas A. Hung, Samuel K. TI An updated, annotated checklist of the marine mammals of Hong Kong SO MAMMALIA LA English DT Review DE Cetacea; distribution; Hong kong SAR; Sirenia; strandings ID TERRITORIAL WATERS; BALEEN WHALE; TRACE-METAL; DOLPHINS; ORGANOCHLORINE; STRANDINGS; CETACEANS AB Records of marine mammal strandings, sightings, and captures from the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People's Republic of China, were reviewed. A total of 16 species of cetaceans (1 baleen whale and 15 toothed whales, dolphins, and porpoises) have been confirmed to occur in Hong Kong. An additional two species of baleen whales have been reported, but cannot be confirmed at this time (in fact, we suspect that they are both misidentifications). Additional species may have occurred in Hong Kong in the past; however, the dugong and the gray whale have probably been extirpated from the area. Of those species found to be present in the area, only two are regularly observed in Hong Kong waters and are considered residents: the Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin (Sousa chinensis) and the finless porpoise (Neophocaena phocaenoides). C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. Hong Kong Cetacean Res Project, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Jefferson, TA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. EM sclymene@aol.com NR 51 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 8 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0025-1461 EI 1864-1547 J9 MAMMALIA JI Mammalia PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 105 EP 114 DI 10.1515/MAMM.2007.021 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 228AM UT WOS:000250699300001 ER PT J AU Wang, JY Yang, SC Hung, SK Jefferson, TA AF Wang, John Y. Yang, Shih Chu Hung, Samuel K. Jefferson, Thomas A. TI Distribution, abundance and conservation status of the eastern Taiwan Strait population of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis SO MAMMALIA LA English DT Article DE abundance; conservation; distribution; eastern Taiwan Strait; Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin; Sousa chinensis AB In 2002, a small population of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis, was discovered in the coastal waters of the eastern Taiwan Strait. Serious conservation concerns about this population led to a survey of most of the coastal waters of western Taiwan to better understand the status of this population. Surveys were conducted from boats (inshore waters) and a sea-kayak or land-based platforms (littoral waters inshore of large sandbars). Humpback dolphins were sighted 35 times, all within a stretch of inshore waters approximately 100 km (linear distance) and within 2 km from shore (none were observed in littoral waters). Including consideration of other records of this species, the main distribution of these dolphins was estimated to be approximately 515 km(2) of water off central western Taiwan, where industrialization is a serious and rapidly increasing issue. The population's abundance and density were estimated to be 99 individuals (coefficient of variation 51.6%) and 19.3 individuals/100 km(2), respectively, which is quite low when compared to the Pearl River estuary population. Assessing this population using the IUCN Red List criteria resulted in a "Critically Endangered" categorization, reinforcing the urgency of the situation. C1 [Wang, John Y.] FormosaCetus Res & Conservat Grp, Thornhill, ON L4J 7X1, Canada. [Wang, John Y.] Natl Museum Marine Biol & Aquarium, Checheng 944, Pingtung County, Taiwan. [Yang, Shih Chu] FormosaCetus Res & Conservat Grp, Hualien 970, Hualien County, Taiwan. [Hung, Samuel K.] Hong Kong Cetacean Res Project, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Jefferson, Thomas A.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Wang, JY (reprint author), FormosaCetus Res & Conservat Grp, 310-7250 Yonge St, Thornhill, ON L4J 7X1, Canada. EM pcrassidens@rogers.com NR 21 TC 38 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 21 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0025-1461 EI 1864-1547 J9 MAMMALIA JI Mammalia PY 2007 VL 71 IS 4 BP 157 EP 165 DI 10.1515/MAMM.2007.032 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 245VK UT WOS:000251966700002 ER PT J AU Cortes, E AF Cortes, Enric TI Chondrichthyan demographic modelling: an essay on its use, abuse and future SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SHARK; MORTALITY; FISH; AGE C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Cortes, E (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM Enric.Cortes@noaa.gov RI Cortes, Enric/H-2700-2013 NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 7 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 1 BP 4 EP 6 DI 10.1071/MF06191 PG 3 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 131AF UT WOS:000243839400003 ER PT J AU Piercy, AN Carlson, JK Sulikowski, JA Burgess, GH AF Piercy, Andrew N. Carlson, John K. Sulikowski, James A. Burgess, George H. TI Age and growth of the scalloped hammerhead shark, Sphyrna lewini, in the north-west Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sphyrnidae; vertebrae ID CARCHARHINUS-ACRONOTUS; BLACKNOSE SHARK; PRECISION; DYNAMICS; BIOLOGY; CURVE; MAINE; TESTS AB The scalloped hammerhead, Sphryna lewini (Griffith & Smith, 1834), is a globally exploited species of shark. In order to gain insight into the life history of this species in the USA waters, age and growth was examined from specimens (n = 307) captured from the north-west Atlantic Ocean and from the Gulf of Mexico. The von Bertalanffy growth model resulted in growth parameters of L-infinity = 214.8 cm fork length (FL), k = 0.13 year(-1), t(0) = -1.62 year for males and L-infinity = 233.1 cm FL, k = 0.09 year(-1), t(0) = -2.22 year for females. The oldest age estimates obtained for this population were 30.5 years for both males and females, which corresponded to FL of 234 cm and 241 cm respectively. Bowker's test of symmetry and Index of Average Per Cent Error suggests that our ageing method represents a non-biased and precise approach to the age assessment. Marginal increments were significantly different between months (Kruskal Wallis P = 0.017) with a distinct trend of increasing monthly increment growth beginning in January. When compared to previously published studies, our growth estimates suggest slower growth than populations in the Pacific Ocean but faster growth than previously reported in the Gulf of Mexico. C1 Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Piercy, AN (reprint author), Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM apiercy@flmnh.ufl.edu NR 49 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 19 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 1 BP 34 EP 40 DI 10.1071/MF05195 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 131AF UT WOS:000243839400007 ER PT J AU Sulikowski, JA Irvine, SB DeValerio, KC Carlson, JK AF Sulikowski, James A. Irvine, Sarah B. DeValerio, Kate C. Carlson, John K. TI Age, growth and maturity of the roundel skate, Raja texana, from the Gulf of Mexico, USA SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE elasmobranch; marginal increments; Rajiformes; shell gland; spermatocyst ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; LIFE-HISTORY; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; LEUCORAJA-OCELLATA; WINTER SKATE; CARCHARHINUS-LIMBATUS; ELASMOBRANCH FISHES; BACK-CALCULATION; SEXUAL-MATURITY; UNITED-STATES AB The roundel skate (Raja texana) inhabits near-shore waters throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Despite such a wide distribution, very little is known about its biology. In order to gain insight into the life history of this species, the age, growth and maturity of 231 skates ranging in size from 277 to 630-mm total length (TL) were examined. Based on vertebral band counts, the oldest age estimates obtained were 8 years for males and 9 for females, which corresponded to 495-mm TL and 630-mm TL respectively. Age-bias plots and coefficient of variation suggested that our ageing method represents a non-biased and precise approach to age assessment. Marginal increment and edge analyses suggested that growth bands are formed annually with a distinct trend of increasing growth at the beginning of March. Back calculations suggested a birth size of 113-118-mm TL. Observed and back-calculated length-at-age data were used to assess growth with four different models, including the von Bertalanffy (VBGM), von Bertalanffy with size at birth (VB with L-0), Gompertz and Francis models. Male and female growth was significantly different. The VBGM and the Francis model produced similar results and provided the best fit. Curves fitted with observed and back-calculated data suggested slightly faster growth than curves fitted with only observed data. Maturity occurred at 444-mm TL and 4.95 years for males, whereas females matured at 537-mm TL and 5.8 years. C1 Dept Fisheries, Perth, WA 6001, Australia. NOAA, Fisheries Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Sulikowski, JA (reprint author), Univ New England, Ctr Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM jsulikowski@une.edu NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 8 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI CLAYTON PA UNIPARK, BLDG 1, LEVEL 1, 195 WELLINGTON RD, LOCKED BAG 10, CLAYTON, VIC 3168, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 EI 1448-6059 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 1 BP 41 EP 53 DI 10.1071/MF06048 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 131AF UT WOS:000243839400008 ER PT J AU Hight, BV Holts, D Graham, JB Kennedy, BP Taylor, V Sepulveda, CA Bernal, D Ramon, D Rasmussen, R Lai, NC AF Hight, Barbara V. Holts, David Graham, Jeffrey B. Kennedy, Brian P. Taylor, Valerie Sepulveda, Chugey A. Bernal, Diego Ramon, Darlene Rasmussen, Randall Lai, N. Chin TI Plasma catecholamine levels as indicators of the post-release survivorship of juvenile pelagic sharks caught on experimental drift longlines in the Southern California Bight SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adrenaline; Alopias vulpinus; elasmobranchs; Isurus oxyrinchus; lactate; noradrenaline; Prionace glauca ID ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS; MAKO SHARK; STRESS; BLOOD; EXERCISE; CAPTURE; FISH; FISHERIES; DOGFISH; GROWTH AB Between 1983 and 2004, nearly 12 000 shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), common thresher (Alopias vulpinus) and blue (Prionace glauca) sharks were tagged in the Southern California Bight; however, only 1.97% of these have been returned. One possible reason for this low return rate could be post-release mortality caused by capture stress from the experimental longline. Plasma catecholamine levels were analysed to evaluate stress levels in longline-captured, rod-and-reel-captured and unstressed docile sharks. The mean catecholamine values determined for the three tag-release species ranged from 6539 to 22 079 pg mL(-1). The level of adrenaline found in moribund I. oxyrinchus (94 807 pg mL(-1)) was much higher than in either P. glauca (46 845 pg mL(-1)) or A. vulpinus (36 890 pg mL(-1)). In contrast, blood obtained from sharks that were landed within minutes had lower catecholamine values (P. glauca, 889 and 1347 pg mL(-1); I. oxyrinchus, 2960 and 3946 pg mL(-1), adrenaline and noradrenaline respectively). Among the nine I. oxyrinchus specimens that were recaptured long after their longline capture and release, the highest adrenaline level measured just before release was 33 352 pg mL(-1). Because these mako sharks survived sufficiently long to be recaptured, their time-of-release catecholamine levels provide a conservative estimate of similar to 80% viability on the longline-captured and released population. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biotechnol & Biomed, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Dept Med, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Dept Fish & Game State Calif, Los Alamitos, CA 90720 USA. Pfleger Inst Environm Res, Oceanside, CA 92054 USA. Univ Massachusetts, Dept Biol, N Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. RP Lai, NC (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Marine Biol Res, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM nclai@ucsd.edu NR 34 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 15 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 1 BP 145 EP 151 DI 10.1071/MF05260 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 131AF UT WOS:000243839400016 ER PT J AU Stewart, IJ Piner, KR AF Stewart, Ian J. Piner, Kevin R. TI Simulation of the estimation of ageing bias inside an integrated assessment of canary rockfish using age estimates from a bomb radiocarbon study SO MARINE AND FRESHWATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ageing bias; bomb radiocarbon; simulation; stock assessment ID SEBASTES-PAUCISPINIS; LEAD-RADIUM; VALIDATION; OTOLITHS; FISH; ACCURACY; PINNIGER AB The stock of canary rockfish off the west coast of the continental US is currently assessed using an integrated statistical catch- at- age model. The functional form of an ageing bias detected in production ageing ( large numbers of ages read for use in stock assessment) from a bomb radiocarbon study with small sample size ( n= 16) was estimated externally and used to adjust the age data in the most recent stock assessment. Using simulation methods, the present study evaluated whether integrating the estimation of the ageing bias inside the assessment model would ( 1) influence the uncertainty in assessment results and ( 2) improve our ability to differentiate between competing functional forms ( linear, linear with intercept and jointed) for specifying the ageing bias. Internal estimation of the ageing bias relationship increased the approximate 95% confidence interval width about the spawning biomass estimate by 1 - 10% depending on the functional form assumed. The assessment model was not able to reliably distinguish between all competing functional forms of the ageing bias tested, even with increased radiocarbon sample sizes. However, significant under- ageing at the youngest ages was found to be inconsistent with other sources of data in the assessment model. The question of ageing bias form remains important because it had moderate effects on estimates of spawning biomass and assessment model uncertainty. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Stewart, IJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NWFSC 2725,Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Ian.Stewart@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU CSIRO PUBLISHING PI COLLINGWOOD PA 150 OXFORD ST, PO BOX 1139, COLLINGWOOD, VICTORIA 3066, AUSTRALIA SN 1323-1650 J9 MAR FRESHWATER RES JI Mar. Freshw. Res. PY 2007 VL 58 IS 10 BP 905 EP 913 DI 10.1071/MF07010 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 225PL UT WOS:000250529700003 ER PT J AU Barimo, JF Serafy, JE Frezza, PE Walsh, PJ AF Barimo, John F. Serafy, Joseph E. Frezza, Peter E. Walsh, Patrick J. TI Habitat use, urea production and spawning in the gulf toadfish Opsanus beta SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EARLY-LIFE STAGES; SUBTROPICAL BAY; FLORIDA BAY; BATRACHOIDID FISHES; NITROGEN-METABOLISM; AMMONIA TOLERANCE; RAINBOW-TROUT; EXCRETION; FIELD; TAU AB Field studies were conducted in Johnson Key Basin, Florida Bay, USA from September 2002 through September 2004 to examine physiological, ecological, and behavioral characteristics of the gulf toadfish, Opsanus beta (Goode and Bean in Proc US Natl Mes 3:333-345, 1880), in relation to nitrogen metabolism, habitat usage, and spawning. Fish collected 5 cm above sediments in experimental shelters (epibenthic) were compared with those collected by throw traps which were found on or burrowing within sediments. The relationship between microhabitat ammonia and urea excretion, as determined by the enzymatic activity of glutamine synthetase (GS), was examined. The hypothesis tested was that O. beta occupying epibenthic nests were less ureotelic with lower GS activities than non-nesting individuals on/in sediments, due to a decreased environmental ammonia burden. Porewater total ammonia (T (Amm)) concentrations at a sediment depth of 5 cm, i.e., the approximate depth of burrowing toadfish, ranged from 0 to 106.5 mu mol N l(-1) while the pH ranged from 7.48 to 9.14. There was a weak but significant correlation between environmental ammonia (NH(3)) concentration and hepatic GS activity for epibenthic toadfish (P < 0.001, r(2)= 0.10), but not for burrowing toadfish. Mean urea-N and T (Amm) concentrations within shelters occupied by toadfish (n = 281) were 9.8 +/- 0.83 mu mol N l(-1) and 13.0 +/- 0.7 mu mol N l(-1), respectively. As predicted, hepatic GS activity was significantly lower in epibenthic toadfish captured in shelters (4.40 +/- 0.24 mu mol min(-1) g(-1); n = 281) as compared to individuals on/in sediments (6.61 +/- 0.47 mu mol min(-1)g(-1); n = 128). Glutamine synthetase activity generally peaked in March (spawning season) and was lowest in July. Gender differences in hepatic and branchial GS activity were also found during the spawning season, which is attributable to the fact that males brood and guard offspring in their epibenthic nests while females often rest on or burrow into the sediments. Finally, hepatic and branchial GS appeared to have different patterns of enzymatic activity suggesting functional differences in gene expression. C1 Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Audubon Florida, Tavernier Sci Ctr, Tavernier, FL 33070 USA. RP Barimo, JF (reprint author), Portland State Univ, Dept Biol, Portland, OR 97207 USA. EM jfb@pdx.edu RI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/F-8310-2010 OI Perez , Claudio Alejandro/0000-0001-9688-184X NR 50 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 150 IS 3 BP 497 EP 508 DI 10.1007/s00227-006-0356-7 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 116UY UT WOS:000242830200016 ER PT J AU Abookire, AA Duffy-Anderson, JT Jump, CM AF Abookire, Alisa A. Duffy-Anderson, Janet T. Jump, Christina M. TI Habitat associations and diet of young-of-the-year Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) near Kodiak, Alaska SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID JUVENILE ATLANTIC COD; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; SUBSTRATE SELECTION; INSHORE WATERS; COASTAL AREA; MORHUA; NEWFOUNDLAND; FISHES; SETTLEMENT; TEMPERATURE AB The influence of environmental variables and habitat on growth and survival of juvenile gadoid species in the Atlantic has been clearly demonstrated; conversely, in the North Pacific little is known about the habitat and ecology of juvenile Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus Tilesius). The hypothesis that density of young-of-the-year (YOY) Pacific cod in nearshore habitats is predicted by shallow depth and the presence of eelgrass and macroalgae was tested in a variety of nearshore habitats adjacent to commercial fishing grounds near Kodiak Island, AK. From 10 to 22 August 2002, a beach seine and small-meshed beam trawl were used to capture YOY Pacific cod (n = 254) ranging from 42 to 110 mm fork length. Depth, water temperature, salinity, sediment grain size, and percent cover by emergent structure (i.e. tube-dwelling polychaetes, sea cucumber mounds, macroalgae) were measured prior to fishing. Density of YOY Pacific cod was highest in areas of moderate depth (15-20 m) and positively and linearly related to percent cover by sea cucumber mounds and to salinity. No previous studies have documented fish utilizing sea cucumber mounds as habitat. Furthermore, eelgrass and macroalgae were inconsequential to cod distribution. Diets consisted mainly of small calanoid copepods, mysids, and gammarid amphipods and were significantly related to cod length and depth. This work provides important information on previously undocumented factors that affect distribution and feeding of YOY Pacific cod, which ultimately influence growth and survival in this species. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheires Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Abookire, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM alisa.abookire@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 47 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 150 IS 4 BP 713 EP 726 DI 10.1007/s00227-006-0391-4 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 116UZ UT WOS:000242830300016 ER PT J AU Edwards, KP Hare, JA Werner, FE Seim, H AF Edwards, K. P. Hare, J. A. Werner, F. E. Seim, H. TI Using 2-dimensional dispersal kernels to identify the dominant influences on larval dispersal on continental shelves SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE dispersal kernels; larval fish; lagrangian particle tracking; southeast US continental shelf ID SOUTH ATLANTIC BIGHT; MARINE POPULATIONS; PROTECTED AREAS; MODEL; CONNECTIVITY; CIRCULATION; RETENTION; HABITATS AB Pelagic larval dispersal is thought to be the main mechanism connecting many marine populations and is an important determinant both of an individual's success and a population's distribution and spatial structure. Thus, quantitative estimates of the retention or dispersion of larvae from spawning grounds is important for the determination of recruitment success in fisheries. Models can be used to study connectivity through a dispersal curve or dispersal kernel: the probability that a larva will settle at a given distance from its release location. We applied a 3-dimensional circulation model and a Lagrangian particle tracking model to the southeast US continental shelf to describe dispersal kernels in 2 dimensions. We used a fully orthogonal design to assess the importance of factors that influence the dispersal kernel, including spawning time, spawning location, larval behavior (vertical position in the water column), larval duration, and turbulent dispersal. Our results indicate that adult behavior, in the form of spawning time and location, may be more important than larval behavior in determining larval dispersal on the inner- and mid-shelves in this region. C1 [Edwards, K. P.; Werner, F. E.; Seim, H.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Edwards, K. P.] Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Hare, J. A.] NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Hare, J. A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Edwards, KP (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kpe@sfsu.edu NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 352 BP 77 EP 87 DI 10.3354/meps07169 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000252795600008 ER PT J AU Parrish, JK Bond, N Nevins, H Mantua, N Loeffel, R Peterson, WT Harvey, JT AF Parrish, Julia K. Bond, Nicholas Nevins, Hannah Mantua, Nathan Loeffel, Robert Peterson, William T. Harvey, James T. TI Beached birds and physical forcing in the California Current System SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE upwelling; seabird; common murre; Brandt's cormorant; Cassin's auklet; Rhinoceros auklet ID COASTAL OCEAN; EL-NINO; WASHINGTON COAST; PACIFIC; SEA; VARIABILITY; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL; SEABIRDS; CLIMATE AB Seabirds have often been proposed as environmental indicators. Beached bird data may provide an additional data source and such data is efficacious because it can reliably be collected by volunteers. In addition to anthropogenic factors, such as oil spills, changes in the ocean-atmosphere can affect carcass beaching rate in 3 non-exclusive ways: (1) direct mortality following storms, (2) mortality via bottom-up food web processes, and (3) increase in carcass delivery due to shifts in surface water movement. We used data from 3 volunteer-based beached bird data sets collected within the California Current System (CCS) to (1) examine the level of response to anomalous ocean conditions in 2005 and (2) explore the degree to which long-term beaching patterns could be explained by one or more of our proposed mechanisms. In 2005, anomalous die-offs of Cassin's auklet Ptychorhamphus aleuticus and the rhinoceros auklet Cerorhinca monocerata occurred in the winter in Monterey. By spring, anomalous die-offs of Brandt's cormorant Phalacrocorax pencillatus and the common murre Uria aalge occurred throughout the CCS. Over the longer term, increases in beaching were associated with changes in the timing and intensity of upwelling and, secondarily, with zonal winds aloft-a potential proxy of shifts in pelagic community composition. These results suggest that a bottom-up food web mechanism best explains seabird beaching, at least in the spring. Correlations of local measures of storminess to seabird beaching rates were weak to non-existent. Correlations were much stronger at the California site (8 yr) and weaker to non-existent at the Oregon site (26 yr). Collectively, these data suggest that relationships between ocean physics and beached bird response may be site specific and/or may reflect choices live birds make vis-a-vis non-breeding distribution. C1 [Parrish, Julia K.; Mantua, Nathan] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bond, Nicholas; Mantua, Nathan] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Nevins, Hannah; Harvey, James T.] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Peterson, William T.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97366 USA. RP Parrish, JK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jparrish@u.washington.edu NR 47 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 352 BP 275 EP 288 DI 10.3354/meps07077 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 257JQ UT WOS:000252795600026 ER PT J AU Roegner, GC Armstrong, DA Shanks, AL AF Roegner, G. Curtis Armstrong, David A. Shanks, Alan L. TI Wind and tidal influences on larval crab recruitment to an Oregon estuary SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE ocean-estuary coupling; larval transport; cancer magister; Hemigrapsus oregonensis; Pachygrapsus crassipes; light trap; northeast Pacific ID CROSS-SHELF TRANSPORT; COASTAL OCEAN; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; HORIZONTAL TRANSPORT; SHOREWARD TRANSPORT; VERTICAL MIGRATION; UPWELLING REGION; CANCER-MAGISTER; INTERNAL WAVES; TIME-SERIES AB We investigated wind and tidal forcings that may facilitate transport of crab megalopae to a northeast Pacific coastal estuary. Daily abundance of crab megalopae was estimated from light trap collections made from March 1998 through December 2001 in Coos Bay, Oregon, USA. The Dungeness crab Cancer magister dominated the catch; Cancer Group I (C. productus and C. oregonensis), Hemigrapsus oregonensis and Pachygrapsus crassipes megalopae were also abundant enough for statistical evaluation. The abundance time series data were analyzed in relation to mean daily wind stress, maximum daily tidal range, and mean daily temperature residuals using cross-correlation and cross-Fourier techniques. Variation in wind stress had little relation to variation in crab megalopae abundance. Rather, crab megalopae were found to recruit to the estuary at periods close to the spring-neap tidal frequencies. Increased catches were not coincident with spring tides; most tests indicated that ingress occurred at times ranging from several days after spring tide to near the neap tide, but this varied among species and years. Tidal forcing appears to control crab recruitment to this estuarine system. C1 [Roegner, G. Curtis] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Biol Field Stn, Hammond, OR 97013 USA. [Armstrong, David A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shanks, Alan L.] Univ Oregon, Oregon Inst Marine Biol, Charleston, OR 97420 USA. RP Roegner, GC (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Point Adams Biol Field Stn, POB 155, Hammond, OR 97013 USA. EM curtis.roegner@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 351 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.3354/meps07130 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 247FV UT WOS:000252064100015 ER PT J AU Friedlander, AM Brown, E Monaco, ME AF Friedlander, Alan M. Brown, Eric Monaco, Mark E. TI Defining reef fish habitat utilization patterns in Hawaii: comparisons between marine protected areas and areas open to fishing SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE marine protected areas; fish habitat utilization; habitat complexity; Hawaii; overfishing ID CORAL-REEF; RESERVE; ASSEMBLAGES; POPULATIONS; SIZE; COMMUNITIES; MANAGEMENT; EFFICACY; ISLANDS; ECOLOGY AB Over the past 4 decades, Hawaii has developed a system of Marine Life Conservation Districts (MLCDs) to conserve and replenish marine resources. These MLCDs vary in size, habitat quality, and management regimes, providing an excellent opportunity to test hypotheses concerning marine protected area (MPA) design and function using multiple discreet sampling units. Digital benthic habitat maps for all MLCDs and adjacent habitats were used to evaluate the efficacy of existing MLCDs and adjacent habitats using a spatially explicit stratified random sampling design. Most fish assemblage characteristics (e.g. species richness, biomass, number of individuals) were highest in colonized hard bottom habitats (> 10% live coral cover), followed by uncolonized hard bottom habitats (< 10% live coral cover), macroalgae, and sand, respectively. Although biomass was low in sand habitats, apex predators accounted for 62% of the biomass on sand within MLCDs, highlighting the importance of this habitat in reserve design. Within habitats, values for assemblage characteristics were typically higher for MLCDs compared with adjacent areas, emphasizing the importance of protection from fishing irrespective of habitat. Rugosity explained much of the variability in species richness and biomass across all locations. Overall, MLCDs protected from fishing, with high habitat complexity and good habitat quality (e.g. high coral cover and low macroalgae cover), had higher values for most fish assemblage characteristics. Integrating mapping and assessment of reef fish habitat utilization patterns allowed for a robust approach to MPA evaluation and can help inform decisions about MPA design and effectiveness, as well as helping to define essential fish habitat and ecosystem function. C1 [Friedlander, Alan M.] Ocean Inst, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Brown, Eric] Hawaii Dept Land & Nat Resources, Div Aquat Resources, Wailuku, HI 96793 USA. [Friedlander, Alan M.; Monaco, Mark E.] NOAA NOS NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Biogeog Branch, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Friedlander, AM (reprint author), NOAA NOS NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Biogeog Branch, 41-202 Kalanianaole Highway, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. EM alan.friedlander@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 4 U2 27 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 351 BP 221 EP 233 DI 10.3354/meps07112 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 247FV UT WOS:000252064100019 ER PT J AU Hauser, DDW Logsdon, MG Holmes, EE VanBlaricom, GR Osborne, RW AF Hauser, Donna D. W. Logsdon, Miles G. Holmes, Elizabeth E. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. Osborne, Richard W. TI Summer distribution patterns of southern resident killer whales Orcinus orca: core areas and spatial segregation of social groups SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Orcinus orca; southern resident killer whale; distribution; kernel density; spatial analysis; core area; social structure ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HOME-RANGE; MOVEMENTS; POPULATIONS; COMMUNITY; BEHAVIOR; CANADA; WATERS AB A diverse range of marine wildlife species respond to dynamic environments and patchy resources with variations in their distribution pattern. For many cetacean species, highly structured social systems add to the complexity of modeling distribution patterns and understanding the effects on population viability. Southern resident killer whales Orcinus orca are comprised of 3 distinct, yet cohesive, matrilineally related social groups called pods, and recent population declines have prompted conservation actions in the US and Canada, including listings as an endangered species. Habitat protection is a major component of each listing, yet little is known about pod-specific core areas or patterns of space use for this population. Using 6 yr of sighting information within the inshore waters of Washington and British Columbia, we modeled pod-specific summer distribution and measured relative variation in the density of sightings on a uniform spatial grid. Our results indicate that the pods exhibit complex, non-uniform summer space-use patterns. Although some regions are used in common by all pods, some areas are used almost exclusively by individual pods or certain combinations of pods, indicating specialization to particular areas. Our results indicate that pod groups display variable patterns of space use; therefore, each pod may experience unique habitat conditions or exposure to potential risk factors. This result is highly relevant when considering pod-specific mortality rates and the relative contribution of each pod to overall population trends. Our analyses highlight important areas of conservation, and provide the necessary description for pod-focused conservation initiatives. C1 [Hauser, Donna D. W.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Logsdon, Miles G.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Holmes, Elizabeth E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Osborne, Richard W.] Whale Museum, Friday Harbor, WA 98250 USA. RP Hauser, DDW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dhauser@u.washington.edu OI Hauser, Donna/0000-0001-8236-7372 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 8 U2 40 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 351 BP 301 EP 310 DI 10.3354/meps07117 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 247FV UT WOS:000252064100025 ER PT J AU Furness, RW Edwards, AE Oro, D AF Furness, Robert W. Edwards, Ann E. Oro, Daniel TI Influence of management practices and of scavenging seabirds on availability of fisheries discards to benthic scavengers SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE fisheries; discards; offal; seabirds; scavenger; North Sea; Mediterranean; bering sea ID COMMERCIAL FISHERIES; BALEARIC SHEARWATER; FALKLAND ISLANDS; NORTH-SEA; BY-CATCH; TRAWLERS; FOOD; ARGENTINA; MORTALITY; SHETLAND AB There is great variation in discarding practice among fisheries in different parts of the world. Management systems result in some fisheries discarding mostly fish offal, much of which is macerated into small chunks, while other fisheries discard large (ca. 25 cm) whole fish. Scavenging seabirds consume high proportions of most categories of discarded fish and offal (typically 60 to 80% of discarded roundfish, 70 to 95% of discarded offal), but tend to avoid discarded benthic invertebrates and fish that are difficult to swallow, such as species with long spines or large flatfish. Amounts and composition of fishery discards and offal reaching benthic scavenging communities are clearly very strongly influenced by the intense but selective consumption by seabirds, and this alteration will depend strongly on details of the fishery management regulations and customs, such as whether or not waste is macerated. There is scope to adjust fisheries management practices to reduce the impact of offal and discards on scavenger communities. C1 [Furness, Robert W.] Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. [Edwards, Ann E.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, REFM Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Edwards, Ann E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Oro, Daniel] Inst Mediterrani Estudis Avancats IMEDEA CSIC UIB, Esporles 07190, Mallorca, Spain. RP Furness, RW (reprint author), Univ Glasgow, Inst Biomed & Life Sci, Graham Kerr Bldg, Glasgow G12 8QQ, Lanark, Scotland. EM r.furness@bio.gla.ac.uk RI Oro, Daniel/H-4208-2012 OI Oro, Daniel/0000-0003-4782-3007 NR 35 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 25 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 350 BP 235 EP 244 DI 10.3354/meps07191 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 245PU UT WOS:000251948500022 ER PT J AU Baker, R Sheaves, M AF Baker, Ron Sheaves, Marcus TI Shallow-water refuge paradigm: conflicting evidence from tethering experiments in a tropical estuary SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE nursery; tropical estuary; predation; refuge paradigm ID ASSESSING PREDATION RATES; JUVENILE ESTUARINE; DIFFERENT HABITATS; WINTER FLOUNDER; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; SALT MARSHES; FISH; NURSERIES; DENSITY; GROWTH AB The shallow-water refuge paradigm has been globally applied to help explain the high abundances of juvenile fishes that utilise shallow-water estuarine nursery habitats. Despite the wide application and acceptance of the paradigm, there is little direct evidence to indicate that small juvenile fishes benefit from reduced predation pressure in shallow water habitats relative to adjacent deeper waters. The present study employed chronographic tethering experiments to examine patterns in predation potential across a depth gradient (0.2 to 3 m) in the lower reaches of a tropical estuary in northeastern Queensland, Australia. Over 6 mo, 17 replicate experimental trials were conducted, deploying a total of 183 tethered fish prey. Despite the clear and consistent patterns found in the few previous studies elsewhere in the world, there was no significant effect of depth on predation pressure, and thus no evidence of lower predation pressure in the shallow relative to the adjacent deeper estuarine waters examined in the present study. The findings suggest that the shallow-water refuge paradigm may be too simplistic for diverse and complex tropical estuarine nursery grounds. C1 [Baker, Ron; Sheaves, Marcus] Indooroopilly Sci Ctr, Cooperat Res Ctr Coastal Zone Estuary & Waterway, Indooroopilly, Qld 4068, Australia. [Baker, Ron; Sheaves, Marcus] James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine & Trop Ecol, Estuarine & Coastal Ecol Grp, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Baker, R (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Serv, SEFSC Galveston Lab, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM ronnie.baker@noaa.gov RI Sheaves, Marcus/G-4283-2012; Baker, Ronald/J-9060-2014 OI Sheaves, Marcus/0000-0003-0662-3439; Baker, Ronald/0000-0001-8408-0324 NR 41 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 349 BP 13 EP 22 DI 10.3354/meps07102 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 240CU UT WOS:000251565400002 ER PT J AU Searcy, SP Eggleston, DB Hare, JA AF Searcy, Steven P. Eggleston, David B. Hare, Jonathan A. TI Environmental influences on the relationship between juvenile and larval growth of Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE larval growth; juvenile growth; Atlantic croaker; freshwater runoff; habitat quality ID CORAL-REEF FISH; NORTH-CAROLINA; SELECTIVE MORTALITY; NURSERY AREAS; SETTLEMENT; OTOLITH; SIZE; METAMORPHOSIS; HISTORY; RATES AB For marine organisms with bipartite life cycles, there is growing recognition that juvenile traits may be dependent on previous larval history. The potential correlation between juvenile and larval stages is important to recognize, as growth rates in juvenile fish have been proposed to be an indicator of habitat quality. We investigated whether juvenile and larval growth are positively or negatively related using the estuarine-dependent fish Atlantic croaker Micropogonias undulatus as a model species. The relationship between juvenile and larval growth was examined using both a laboratory study, in which fish were held in individual containers with constant water temperature and salinity, and replicated field experiments, which spanned a range of environmental conditions. There was no relationship between juvenile and larval growth rates in the laboratory experiment. However, results from the field study suggest that a positive relationship between juvenile and larval growth was associated with high levels of freshwater runoff that displaced juvenile croaker from nursery areas to downstream habitats, in which they had reduced feeding success. Variability in the correlation between juvenile and larval growth for the 27 cohorts examined (fish hatched during the same 1 wk period) was independently explained by change in salinity (a proxy for freshwater runoff) and feeding ability (percentage of fish with empty stomachs). Future research should recognize the role that variable environments play in our ability to detect the relationship of life-history traits between ontogenetic stages. C1 [Searcy, Steven P.; Eggleston, David B.] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Searcy, Steven P.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Searcy, SP (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM ssearcy@umassd.edu NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 349 BP 81 EP 88 DI 10.3354/meps07124 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 240CU UT WOS:000251565400008 ER PT J AU Bradbury, IR Laurel, BJ AF Bradbury, Ian R. Laurel, Benjamin J. TI Defining 'natal homing' in marine fish populations: Comment on Svedang et al. (2007) SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE Atlantic cod; natal homing; marine fish; population structure; philopatry ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; ATLANTIC COD; CONNECTIVITY AB The recent study by Svedang et al. (2003; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 345:1-12) purports to have revealed explicit evidence of natal homing in Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, based on extensive archival tagging; the study, however, ignored the 'natal' component of dispersal (i.e. the ichthyoplanktonic phase). The authors observed non-random directional movements in a context of small-scale genetic structure. Yet, in the absence of a linkage to natal habitats, we think that the authors have inappropriately interpreted their findings. Demonstrations of natal homing remain rare in marine species, due to logistical problems, and require assignment of spawning individuals on the basis of natal signatures, or the tracking of individuals from fertilization to spawning. C1 [Bradbury, Ian R.] Dalhousie Univ, Marine Gene Probe Lab, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. [Laurel, Benjamin J.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Natl Marine Fisheries Se, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Bradbury, IR (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Marine Gene Probe Lab, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. EM ibradbur@dal.ca NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 349 BP 307 EP 308 DI 10.3254/meps07281 PG 2 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 240CU UT WOS:000251565400028 ER PT J AU Pittman, SJ Caldow, C Hile, SD Monaco, ME AF Pittman, Simon J. Caldow, Chris Hile, Sarah D. Monaco, Mark E. TI Using seascape types to explain the spatial patterns of fish in the mangroves of SW Puerto Rico SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE seascape structure; mangroves; seagrasses; coral reef ecosystems; spatial scale; fish; Puerto Rico; Caribbean ID CORAL-REEF FISH; SEAGRASS BEDS; HAEMULON-FLAVOLINEATUM; LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY; FRENCH GRUNTS; HABITAT; SCALE; COMMUNITIES; ENVIRONMENT; PREFERENCE AB Many of the most abundant fish species using mangroves in the Caribbean also use other habitat types through daily home range movements and ontogenetic habitat shifts. Few studies, however, have considered the structure of the surrounding seascape when explaining the spatial distribution of fish within mangroves. This study develops an exploratory seascape approach using the geographical location of mangroves and the structure of the surrounding seascape at multiple spatial scales to explain the spatial patterns in fish density and number of species observed within mangroves of SW Puerto Rico. Seascape structure immediately surrounding mangroves was most influential in determining assemblage attributes and the density of juvenile Haemulon flavolineatum, which were significantly higher in mangroves with high seagrass cover (>40%) in close proximity (< 100 m) than mangroves with low (<40%) or no adjacent seagrasses. Highest mean density of juvenile Ocyurus chrysurus was found in offshore mangroves, with high seagrass and coral reef cover >40 and >15%, respectively) in close proximity (<100 m). In contrast, juvenile Lutjanus griseus responded at much broader spatial scales, and with highest density found in extensive onshore mangroves with a large proportion (> 40%) of seagrass within 600 m of the mangrove edge. We argue that there is an urgent need to incorporate information on the influence of seascape structure into a wide range of marine resource management activities, such as the identification and evaluation of critical or essential fish habitat, the placement of marine protected areas and the design of habitat restoration projects. C1 NOAA, NOS, CCMA, Biogeog Team, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Pittman, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, CCMA, Biogeog Team, 1305 E-W Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM simon.pittman@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 49 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 23 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 348 BP 273 EP 284 DI 10.3354/meps07052 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 234ZO UT WOS:000251203500023 ER PT J AU Mehta, AV Allen, JM Constantine, R Garrigue, C Jann, B Jenner, C Marx, MK Matkin, CO Mattila, DK Minton, G Mizroch, SA Olavarria, C Robbins, J Russell, KG Seton, RE Steiger, GH Vikingsson, GA Wade, PR Witteveen, BH Clapham, PJ AF Mehta, Amee V. Allen, Judith M. Constantine, Rochelle Garrigue, Claire Jann, Beatrice Jenner, Curt Marx, Marilyn K. Matkin, Craig O. Mattila, David K. Minton, Gianna Mizroch, Sally A. Olavarria, Carlos Robbins, Jooke Russell, Kirsty G. Seton, Rosemary E. Steiger, Gretchen H. Vikingsson, Gisli A. Wade, Paul R. Witteveen, Briana H. Clapham, Phillip J. TI Baleen whales are not important as prey for killer whales Orcinus orca in high-latitude regions SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE predation; killer whale; baleen whale; scars; north Pacific; whaling ID SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; PREDATION; POPULATIONS; HYPOTHESIS; MIGRATE; WATERS; ALASKA AB Certain populations of killer whales Orcinus orca feed primarily or exclusively on marine mammals. However, whether or riot baleen whales represent an important prey source for killer whales is debatable. A hypothesis by Springer et al. (2003) suggested that overexploitation of large whales by industrial whaling forced killer whales to prey-switch from baleen whales to pinnipeds and sea otters, resulting in population declines for these smaller marine mammals in the North Pacific and southern Bering Sea. This prey-switching hypothesis is in part contingent upon the idea that killer whales commonly attack mysticetes while they are in these high-latitude areas. In this study, we used photographic and sighting data from long-term studies of baleen whales in 24 regions worldwide to determine the proportion of whales that bear scars (rake marks) from killer whale attacks, and to examine the timing of scar acquisition. The results of this study show that there is considerable geographic variation in the proportion of whales with rake marks, ranging from 0% to > 40% in different regions. In every region, the great majority of the scars seen were present on the whales' bodies when the animals were first sighted. Less than 7% (9 of 132) of scarred humpback whales with multi-year sighting histories acquired new scars after the first sighting. This suggests that most killer whale attacks on baleen whales target young animals, probably calves on their first migration from low-latitude breeding and calving areas to high-latitude feeding grounds. Overall, our results imply that adult baleen whales are not an important prey source for killer whales in high latitudes, and therefore that one of the primary assumptions underlying the Springer et al. (2003) prey-switching hypothesis (and its purported link to industrial whaling) is invalid. C1 Boston Univ, Marine Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Coll Atlantic, Allied Whale, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1, New Zealand. Operat Cetaces, Noumea 98802, New Caledonia. Swiss Whale Soc, CH-6900 Masagno, Switzerland. Ctr Whale Res, Fremantle, WA 6959, Australia. New England Aquarium, Cent Wharf, Boston, MA 02110 USA. N Gulf Ocean Soc, Homer, AK 99603 USA. Hawaiian Isl Hunpback Whale Natl Marine Sanctuary, Kihei, HI 96753 USA. Oman Whale & Dolphin Res Grp, Muscat, Oman. Alaska Fisheriea Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Ctr Estudios Cuaternario, Punta Arenas, Chile. Ctr Coastal Studies, Provincetown, MA 02657 USA. Cascadia Res, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. Marine Res Inst, Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. So Pacific Whale Res Consortium, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. RP Mehta, AV (reprint author), Boston Univ, Marine Program, 7 MBL St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM ameevm@gmail.com RI Garrigue, Claire/I-4704-2016; Mizroch, Sally/M-6084-2016; OI Garrigue, Claire/0000-0002-8117-3370; Mizroch, Sally/0000-0002-1736-5909; Constantine, Rochelle/0000-0003-3260-539X NR 44 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 38 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 348 BP 297 EP 307 DI 10.3354/meps07015 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 234ZO UT WOS:000251203500025 ER PT J AU Baker, JD Polovina, JJ Howell, EA AF Baker, Jason D. Polovina, Jeffrey J. Howell, Evan A. TI Effect of variable oceanic productivity on the survival of an upper trophic predator, the Hawaiian monk seal Monachus schauinslandi SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE productivity; survival; time lag; Northwestern Hawaiian islands; Hawaiian monk seal ID ZONE CHLOROPHYLL FRONT; NORTH PACIFIC; BODY-SIZE; HABITAT AB The Hawaiian monk seal population is declining, and low juvenile survival due to prey limitation is believed to be a primary cause. The Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front (TZCF) is a large-scale oceanographic feature separating the vertically stratified, low surface chlorophyll subtropical waters and the vertically mixed, cool, high chlorophyll Transition Zone waters. The TZCF annually migrates over 1000 km in latitude, and its southern extent in winter varies. We hypothesize that when the front migrates southward, it brings colder, more productive waters into monk seal foraging habitat, thereby enhancing the prey base and consequently survival. We expect this effect will be strongest at seal populations situated farthest north and nearest the TZCF. To test this hypothesis, we explored relationships of the survival of more than 3000 monk seals during 1984-2004 to the south-ernmost latitude of the 18 degrees C isotherm (a proxy for the TZCF). We found a statistically significant nonlinear relationship between the winter position of the TZCF and survival of monk seals through 4 yr of age at the most northerly atolls. When the front remained farther north, survival was poorer. The relationship was strongest following a 1 or 2 yr lag, perhaps indicating the time required for enhanced productivity to influence the food web and improve the seals' prey base. No such relationship was found at subpopulations located farther south or among adult animals at any site. Variation in ocean productivity may mediate prey availability in monk seal foraging habitat and consequently influence juvenile survival in the northern portion of their range. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Lighthouse Field Stn, Cromarty IV11 8YJ, Ross, Scotland. RP Baker, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI USA. EM jason.baker@noaa.gov OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 20 TC 30 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 21 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 346 BP 277 EP 283 DI 10.3354/meps06968 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 224UO UT WOS:000250472300022 ER PT J AU Moisander, PH Paerl, HW Dyble, J Sivonen, K AF Moisander, Pia H. Paerl, Hans W. Dyble, Julianne Sivonen, Kaarina TI Phosphorus limitation and diel control of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in the Baltic Sea SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE diel cycle; nitrogenase regulation; Baltic Sea; phosphorus limitation; Nodularia spumigena ID PLANKTONIC CYANOBACTERIA; RHODOSPIRILLUM-RUBRUM; FE PROTEIN; FIXATION; BLOOMS; FINLAND; GULF; PURIFICATION; ENTRANCE; DENSITY AB Up to half of the annual new nitrogen inputs into the Baltic Sea originate from blooms of N-2-fixing cyanobacteria. Estimates of the magnitude of this new nitrogen vary, partially because relatively few studies have investigated short-term changes in N-2-fixation rates in response to environmental changes in situ, including phosphorus availability, one of the major factors limiting N-2 fixation in the system. We examined cyanobacterial N-2 fixation in response to phosphorus amendments over the diel cycle during 2002 and 2003 in the Baltic Sea, when both Nodularia spumigena and Aphanizomenon sp. formed blooms. Phosphorus stimulated N-2 fixation in the open-sea areas in the Northern Baltic Proper and Gulf of Finland during both years. In microcosm experiments, both chlorophyll a concentration and N-2 fixation were positively related to time (R-2 = 0.79 and 0.54, respectively) for at least 4.5 d after the P amendment. N-2 fixation was enhanced up to 3-fold within 4.5 d by a single P pulse. N-2 fixation continued in the dark at 16 to 61% of maximum rates during the day, and there were no consistent changes in nitrogenase enzyme abundance in response to darkness. Immunoblotting showed that N-2 fixation is not regulated in response to darkness by size modifications of the Fe and MoFe proteins in N. spumigena or of the Fe protein of Aphanizomenon sp. Capability to fix N-2 at high rates at night allows these cyanobacteria to maximize their utilization of periodic P pulses for subsequent growth. C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Helsinki, Dept Appl Chem & Microbiol, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland. RP Moisander, PH (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM pmoisander@pmc.ucsc.edu NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 345 BP 41 EP 50 DI 10.3354/meps06964 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 220ZK UT WOS:000250195800004 ER PT J AU Hammerstrom, KK Kenworthy, WJ Whitfield, PE Merell, MF AF Hammerstrom, K. K. Kenworthy, W. J. Whitfield, P. E. Merell, M. F. TI Response and recovery dynamics of seagrasses Thalassia testudinum and Syringodium filiforme and macroalgae in experimental motor vessel disturbances SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE seagrass; restoration; damage; disturbance; recovery; Thalassia testudinum; Syringodium filiforme ID WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES; VERTICAL GROWTH; BOAT MOORINGS; RESTORATION; BIOMASS; MARINE; MEADOW; LAGOON; BEDS AB Shallow seagrass beds worldwide are being negatively impacted by human activities. Damage by boats includes anchor scars, propeller scars, and hull groundings. In some Thalassia testudinum-dominated systems, vessel damage may persist for years or decades, and even small scars may leave seagrass habitat susceptible to severe erosion by wind and wave-driven currents and storms. Cost-effective techniques for restoration in these erosion-prone systems must include sediment replacement and stabilization to best enhance seagrass recovery. We conducted 2 experiments to address the effects of excavation depth and sediment filling on seagrass and macroalgal recovery into small-scale disturbances such as propeller scars. Recovery in excavations >= 20 cm deep took 2 to 5 yr longer than recovery in shallower disturbances (10 cm). Seagrasses were able to grow in native limestone fill material (diameter 0.6 cm), although the compensatory response of Syringodium filiforme was dampened. C1 Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Florida Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Hammerstrom, KK (reprint author), Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pob 450,8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM khammerstrom@mlml.calstate.edu NR 48 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 345 BP 83 EP 92 DI 10.3354/meps07004 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 220ZK UT WOS:000250195800008 ER PT J AU Criales, MM Browder, JA Mooers, CNK Robblee, MB Cardenas, H Jackson, TL AF Criales, Maria M. Browder, Joan A. Mooers, Christopher N. K. Robblee, Michael B. Cardenas, Hernando Jackson, Thomas L. TI Cross-shelf transport of pink shrimp larvae: interactions of tidal currents, larval vertical migrations and internal tides SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE selective tidal transport; pink shrimp larval behavior; internal tides; Farfantepenaeus duorarum ID FARFANTEPENAEUS-DUORARUM POSTLARVAE; FLORIDA BAY; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; SHOREWARD TRANSPORT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; STREAM TRANSPORT; DEPTH REGULATION; CORAL-REEF; BLUE-CRAB; RECRUITMENT AB Transport and behavior of pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum larvae were investigated on the southwestern Florida (SWF) shelf of the Gulf of Mexico between the Dry Tortugas spawning grounds and Florida Bay nursery grounds. Stratified plankton samples and hydrographic data were collected at 2 h intervals at 3 stations located on a cross-shelf transect. At the Marquesas station, midway between Dry Tortugas and Florida Bay, internal tides were recognized by anomalously cool water, a shallow thermocline with strong density gradients, strong current shear, and a high concentration of pink shrimp larvae at the shallow thermocline. Low Richardson numbers occurred at the pycnocline depth, indicating vertical shear instability and possible turbulent transport from the lower to the upper layer where myses and postlarvae were concentrated. Analysis of vertically stratified plankton suggested that larvae perform vertical migrations and the specific behavior changes ontogenetically; protozoeae were found deeper than myses, and myses deeper than postlarvae. Relative concentrations of protozoea in the upper, middle and bottom layers were consistent with a diel vertical migration, whereas that of postlarvae and myses were consistent with the semidiurnal tides in phase with the flood tide. Postlarvae, the shallowest dwellers that migrate with a semidiurnal periodicity, experienced the largest net onshore flux and larval concentrations were highly correlated with the cross-shelf current. These results provide the first evidence of an onshore tidal transport (a type of selective tidal stream transport, STST), in decapod larvae migrating in continental shelf waters offshore, ca. 100 km from the coast and at a depth of 20 m, while approaching the coastal nursery grounds. Longer time series would be necessary to establish whether internal tides play any role in the larval onshore transport of this species and determine if the STST is the dominant onshore transport mechanism. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Water & Restorat Studies, Ft Lauderdale, FL 33315 USA. RP Criales, MM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mcriales@rsmas.miami.edu NR 59 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 345 BP 167 EP 184 DI 10.3354/meps06916 PG 18 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 220ZK UT WOS:000250195800015 ER PT J AU Nizinski, MS AF Nizinski, Martha S. TI Predation in subtropical soft-bottom systems: spiny lobster and molluscs in Florida Bay SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE tropics; soft-bottom systems; predation; spiny lobster; community structure; Florida bay ID PANULIRUS-CYGNUS GEORGE; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM MEADOWS; FOOD WEB COMPLEXITY; CORAL-REEF LAGOON; SEAGRASS BEDS; ENVIRONMENTAL-STRESS; SPECIES DENSITIES; FIELD EXPERIMENTS; PREY INTERACTIONS; ROCK-LOBSTERS AB A 2 yr field experiment conducted in 2 locations in seagrass meadows within Everglades National Park, Florida Bay, tested the hypothesis that variations in physical structure of experimental shelters ('casitas') would affect abundance and composition of the predator guild and, in turn, that these predators would then have measurable and commensurate impacts on the nearby benthic community. Experimental structures (casita frame, mesh-roof casita and full-roof casita) were successful in attracting and aggregating predators as hypothesized, with those structures providing more overhead cover attracting significantly more predators. Although many predators, including the numerically dominant spiny lobster Panulirus argus, preyed heavily on or included molluscs in their diets, no significant impacts of predation by spiny lobsters and finfishes on the abundance and species richness of the molluscan assemblage were observed. Regional differences in prey abundance and richness were significant, yet predator effects were similar between locations. Significant location differences in prey abundances, therefore, did not result from differential impacts of prey consumption by casita-associated predators. Predation effects by spiny lobsters and various species of finfishes in Florida Bay were dispersed over time and space and predation was not the primary structuring mechanism for the gastropod and bivalve assemblages in these seagrass and macroalgal habitats. Measurable differences between prey populations in the 2 study locations probably reflect differences in habitat heterogeneity, spatial and temporal variability in predator and prey abundances and distributions, overall high diversity of benthic prey, and ontogenetic shifts in diet and habitat use by predators, all which tend to buffer predatory impacts. C1 Smithsonian Inst, Natl Syst Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Nizinski, MS (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Syst Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, PO Box 37012,NHB,WC 57,MRC 153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM nizinski@si.edu NR 70 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 345 BP 185 EP 197 DI 10.3354/meps06912 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 220ZK UT WOS:000250195800016 ER PT J AU Kawaguchi, S Finley, LA Jarman, S Candy, SG Ross, RM Quetin, LB Siegel, V Trivelpiece, W Naganobu, M Nicol, S AF Kawaguchi, So Finley, Luke A. Jarman, Simon Candy, Steven G. Ross, Robin M. Quetin, Langdon B. Siegel, Volker Trivelpiece, Wayne Naganobu, Mikio Nicol, Stephen TI Male krill grow fast and die young SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Euphausia superba; sex ratio; proportion of males; lifespan; mortality; longevity; recruitment; length-frequency distribution ID EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA DANA; SEA-ICE EXTENT; ANTARCTIC KRILL; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; MODELING GROWTH; RECRUITMENT; REGION; VARIABILITY; CRUSTACEA AB The size-differentiated sex ratio (proportion of males, PM) of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba was examined with an extensive dataset derived from scientific surveys in the Indian Ocean sector and the southwest Atlantic sector, and from the krill fishery in the Southern Ocean. The percentage of males in size classes of adult krill was generally high in krill of 30 to 35 mm total length, always low in 38 to 42 mm. krill, sometimes showed higher values in 45 to 50 rum krill, but always decreased in the largest krill (> 50 mm). This pattern was reproduced by a model simulation that assumed faster growth and a shorter lifespan for males when compared to females. These results suggest that the numbers of males should decline with time unless new recruits enter the population. Indeed, interannual variations in PM from the field (net collected data and penguin diet data) showed a decline in the proportion of males when several years of low recruitment followed a recruitment pulse. These results lead us to conclude that male krill grow faster and have a shorter lifespan than females in the natural environment. C1 Australian Antarctic Div, Dept Environm & Water Resources, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. Univ Melbourne, Dept Zool, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Sea Fisheries Res Inst, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. US AMLR Program, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2368648, Japan. RP Kawaguchi, S (reprint author), Australian Antarctic Div, Dept Environm & Water Resources, 203 Channel Highway, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. EM so.kawaguchi@aad.gov.au NR 45 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 345 BP 199 EP 210 DI 10.3354/meps06934 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 220ZK UT WOS:000250195800017 ER PT J AU Bejarano, AC Van Dolah, FM Gulland, FM Schwacke, L AF Bejarano, Adriana C. Van Dolah, Frances M. Gulland, Frances M. Schwacke, Lori TI Exposure assessment of the biotoxin domoic acid in California sea lions: application of a bioenergetic model SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; exposure assessment; California sea lion; probabilistic model ID ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; METABOLIC-RATE; FOOD-HABITS; MAMMALS; CLEARANCE; MORTALITY; ANCHOVIES; OUTBREAK; ISLAND; PREY AB The biotoxin domoic acid (DA), produced by diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia, has caused massive California sea lion Zalophus californianus mortalities and live strandings along the California coast. Since quantifying the field DA dose that causes toxic effects in sea lions is logistically difficult, a bioenergetic model that uses age/sex-specific energy requirements was developed to estimate DA doses, assuming ingestion of 2 important vector species: anchovies Engraulis mordax and sardines Sardinops sagax. In this model, uncertainty and variability were incorporated by assigning sampling distributions to each model variable. Variables included: (1) vector energy density and assimilation efficiency of gross fish energy; (2) sea lion weight and energy requirements adjusted for energy expenditures associated with foraging, growth and reproduction; and (3) DA concentration in the vector species. Model outputs were analyzed relative to thresholds that cause adverse effects in other mammal species (1 and 2.71 mg DA kg(-1) body weight). Based on DA concentrations measured in fish during a previous Pseudo-nitzschia bloom, consumption of anchovies versus sardines as 20% of the sea lions' daily intake would result in a 4-fold increase in risk of non-lethal toxic effects. Across age classes, the median DA dose in pups (7 to 12 mo old) was twice that estimated for juveniles and was between 2 and 4 times greater than for adults. In DA dose estimates most of the variability resulted from the uncertainty associated with the energy density of the vector species and DA concentration in sardines rather than from the uncertainty associated with sea lions. Finally, we highlight the most relevant areas of research needed for determining a definitive risk of sea lion exposure to DA. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. RP Bejarano, AC (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM bejaranoac@gmail.com NR 45 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 345 BP 293 EP 304 DI 10.3354/meps07005 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 220ZK UT WOS:000250195800025 ER PT J AU Rozas, LP Minello, TJ Zimmerman, RJ Caldwell, P AF Rozas, Lawrence P. Minello, Thomas J. Zimmerman, Roger J. Caldwell, Philip TI Nekton populations, long-term wetland loss, and the effect of recent habitat restoration in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE fishery species; gulf of Mexico; temporal distribution; habitat selection; nursery areas; penaeid shrimps; tidal marsh; habitat change ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SALT-MARSH; BROWN SHRIMP; CALLINECTES-SAPIDUS; DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS; NATANT MACROFAUNA; COASTAL FISHERIES; PENAEUS-AZTECUS; NORTHERN GULF; ESTUARINE AB We used data from 1984 samples taken approximately monthly over 11 yr (1982 to 1992) with a 2.6 m(2) drop sampler to quantify and compare nekton densities in Spartina alterniflora marsh edge and over adjacent shallow nonvegetated bottom (SNB) in Carancahua Cove, Galveston Bay estuary, Texas, USA. We also used a Geographic Information System (GIS), aerial photography, and population models to track changes in wetland area and trends in fishery populations over time. Decapod crustaceans were less speciose than fishes (35 vs. 60 species) in our samples, but this taxonomic group accounted for most (91%) of the animals we collected. Annual variability in animal abundance was high. Most species peaked in abundance during spring or fall, and were absent or occurred at low densities during winter. Mean densities of all abundant decapod crustaceans and several abundant fishes in our study were significantly greater in marsh vegetation than over SNB. Based on our GIS analysis, we estimated that 61% of the wetlands in the study area were converted to open water between 1982 and 1995; marsh edge (marsh within I m of the shoreline) was reduced by 70% during the same period. Our fishery models showed that brown shrimp Farfantepenaeus aztecus, white shrimp Litopenaeus setiferus, and blue crab Callinectes sapidus populations also declined substantially during this period as the area of wetlands and marsh edge was reduced. A marsh-terracing project in 1999 replaced some open water with marsh, and our models show that populations of these fishery species rebounded in response to this recent restoration effort. C1 SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Rozas, LP (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, NOAA, Fisheries Serv, 646 Cajundome Blvd,Room 175, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM lawrence.rozas@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 344 BP 119 EP 130 DI 10.3354/meps06945 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 215NM UT WOS:000249816300011 ER PT J AU Green, BS Chambers, RC AF Green, Bridget S. Chambers, R. Christopher TI Maternal effects vary between source populations in the Atlantic tomcod Microgadus tomcod SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE geographic variation; maternal effect; offspring variation; phenotypic variation ID CORAL-REEF FISH; LIFE-HISTORY TRAITS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; RECRUITMENT SUCCESS; LARVAL DURATION; RANA-TEMPORARIA; BODY CONDITION; EGG SIZES AB Identifying the sources of variation in traits of larvae is one of the first steps in interpreting the role of phenotypic variation in recruitment. We examined the contributions of geographic source and parentage to phenotypic variation in offspring traits in a gadid, Microgadus tomcod, from 2 contrasting yet nearby locations. Adults were collected from the Hudson River (HR), a polluted riverine estuary with strong freshwater and tidal fluxes, and Shinnecock Bay (SB), a relatively clean barrier beach and lagoon system with minimal freshwater inflows. Eggs were stripped from fish in the laboratory and incubated in a common environment. Female and offspring traits varied substantially between populations, Females from SB had a higher ovary weight and gonado-somatic index (GSI) relative to body length, and produced larger eggs. Contrary to expectation, higher female condition did not result in larvae of better condition. SB offspring had smaller yolk reserves at hatch and were less resistant to starvation than offspring from HR, though size at hatching did not differ between the 2 populations. SB offspring took 25% longer to hatch, thereby increasing dependence on yolk reserves as embryos. This may represent a trade-off in time to hatching versus quality at hatching in tomcod from different environments. Geographic source accounted for more variance than maternal effects in time to hatch (90%) and yolk volume at hatch (42%). Maternal influence accounted for more variance in egg diameter (90%), length at hatch (33%) and starvation resistance (30%), though none of these measures was correlated to female size or age. These results emphasize differences in early life history traits across a small geographic scale and the extent to which offspring differences due to maternal effects depend on the local environment. C1 Univ Tasmania, Tasmania Aquaculture & Fisheries Inst, Marine Res Lab, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. NOAA, Howard Lab, Fisheries Serv, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Green, BS (reprint author), Univ Tasmania, Tasmania Aquaculture & Fisheries Inst, Marine Res Lab, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. EM bridget.green@utas.edu.au RI Green, Bridget/G-3368-2014 OI Green, Bridget/0000-0001-8214-6430 NR 36 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 344 BP 185 EP 195 DI 10.3354/meps06955 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 215NM UT WOS:000249816300016 ER PT J AU Fisher, R Sogard, SM Berkeley, SA AF Fisher, Rebecca Sogard, Susan M. Berkeley, Steven A. TI Trade-offs between size and energy reserves reflect alternative strategies for optimizing larval survival potential in rockfish SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE life history trade-offs; offspring size; larval performance traits; Sebastes ID CORAL-REEF FISH; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; EARLY-LIFE; EGG SIZE; ENVIRONMENTAL-QUALITY; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; JUVENILE TRANSITION; SEBASTES-MELANOPS; ESCAPE RESPONSE; RAINBOW-TROUT AB Reproductive strategies balancing offspring size and offspring number have been well documented in empirical tests of life-history theory. Here we found an additional trade-off between offspring size and offspring condition. Among 5 species of live-bearing rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) from central Californian populations, we observed a negative relationship between larval length at parturition and the size of their oil globule (a triacylglycerol-rich energy reserve). When compared with a variety of performance variables (resistance to starvation, growth, startle-escape performance and routine activity levels), it appears that this trade-off leads to a conflict when trying to optimize survival potential, with differing benefits to each trait. A large oil globule greatly increases resistance to starvation, whereas larger body size is associated with numerous performance benefits likely to synergistically decrease predation-based mortality and increase success at capturing prey (increased startle speeds and distances, as well as more rapid onset of growth and larger size at age). The trade-off between energy reserves and body size is further reflected in the seasonal patterns of parturition of the 5 species, with larvae having large oil globules and small body size being released in winter, when productivity in the California Current is low but transport is generally onshore, and those with small oil globule reserves and large body size released in late spring, when productivity is high but transport is generally offshore. These 2 apparent reproductive strategies also reflect subgeneric phylogenetic relationships, suggesting a potential lineage-specific basis for the contrast in larval traits. The results highlight the importance of measuring both physical and performance traits of larvae, as well as considering multiple attributes of both, when evaluating progeny quality. C1 Univ Newcastle, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Sogard, SM (reprint author), Univ Newcastle, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. EM susan.sogard@noaa.gov RI Fisher, Rebecca/C-5459-2011; OI Fisher, Rebecca/0000-0001-5148-6731 NR 57 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 344 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.3354/meps06927 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 215NM UT WOS:000249816300022 ER PT J AU Ichii, T Bengtson, JL Boveng, PL Takao, Y Jansen, JK Hiruki-Raring, LM Cameron, MF Okamura, H Hayashi, T Naganobu, M AF Ichii, Taro Bengtson, John L. Boveng, Peter L. Takao, Yoshimi Jansen, John K. Hiruki-Raring, Lisa M. Cameron, Michael F. Okamura, Hiroshi Hayashi, Tomonari Naganobu, Mikio TI Provisioning strategies of Antarctic fur seals and chinstrap penguins produce different responses to distribution of common prey and habitat SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE habitat selection; antarctic fur seals; chinstrap penguins; antarctic krill; myctophid fishes; provisioning offspring; energy-maximizer; time-minimizer ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; DIVING BEHAVIOR; FEEDING ECOLOGY; AUSTRAL SUMMER; ALBATROSSES; KRILL; SHEARWATERS AB Central-place foragers that must return to a breeding site to deliver food to offspring are faced with trade-offs between prey patch quality and distance from the colony. Among colonial animals, pinnipeds and seabirds may have different provisioning strategies, due to differences in their ability to travel and store energy. We compared the foraging areas of lactating Antarctic fur seals and chinstrap penguins breeding at Seal Island, Antarctica, to investigate whether they responded differently to the distribution of their prey (Antarctic krill and myctophid fish) and spatial heterogeneity in their habitat. Dense krill concentrations occurred in the shelf region near the colony. However, only brooding penguins, which are expected to be time-minimizers because they must return frequently with whole food for their chicks, foraged mainly in this proximal shelf region. Lactating fur seals and incubating penguins, which can make longer trips to increase energy gain per trip, and so are expected to be energy-maximizers, foraged in the more distant (>20 km from the island) slope and oceanic regions. The shelf region was characterized by more abundant, but lower-energy-content immature krill, whereas the slope and oceanic regions had less abundant but higher-energy-content gravid krill, as well as high-energy-content myctophids. Furthermore, krill in the shelf region undertook diurnal vertical migration, whereas those in the slope and oceanic regions stayed near the surface throughout the day, which may enhance the capture rate for visual predators. Therefore, we suggest that the energy-maximizers foraged in distant, but potentially more profitable feeding regions, while the time-minimizers foraged in closer, but potentially less profitable regions. Thus, time and energy constraints derived from different provisioning strategies may result in sympatric colonial predator species using different foraging areas, and as a result, some central-place foragers use suboptimal foraging habitats, in terms of the quality or quantity of available prey. C1 Nalt Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 2368648, Japan. NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Natl Res Inst Fisheries Engn, Ibaraki 3140408, Japan. RP Ichii, T (reprint author), Nalt Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 2368648, Japan. EM ichii@affrc.go.jp NR 57 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 16 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 344 BP 277 EP 297 DI 10.3354/meps06873 PG 21 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 215NM UT WOS:000249816300024 ER PT J AU Wade, PR Watters, GM Gerrodette, T Reilly, SB AF Wade, Paul R. Watters, George M. Gerrodette, Tim Reilly, Stephen B. TI Depletion of spotted and spinner dolphins in the eastern tropical Pacific: modeling hypotheses for their lack of recovery SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE tuna-dolphin issue; dolphin-safe labeling; Stenella attenuata; S. longirostris; status assessment; fishery; ecosystem effects; bycatch ID PURSE-SEINE FISHERY; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; ATTENUATA CALVES; INCIDENTAL KILL; POPULATION-SIZE; TUNA; OCEAN; STENELLA; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB We assess the status of 2 dolphin stocks affected by purse-seine fishing in the eastern topical Pacific and evaluate hypotheses for their lack of recovery. We use Bayesian methods and fit generalized models of logistic population growth to abundance estimates for northeastern offshore spotted dolphins Stenella attenuata attenuata and eastern spinner dolphins Stenella longirostris orientalis. In 2002, using the definition of depletion stipulated in the USA Marine Mammal Protection Act, northeastern offshore spotted dolphins were almost certainly 'depleted'. There is, however, uncertainty in the degree to which the stock was depleted. Eastern spinner dolphins were most likely depleted in 2002, but there is a small probability that this was not the case. Uncertainty in the degree to which both stocks were depleted stems from uncertainties in maximum net productivity levels and carrying capacities. Based on abundance data from 1979 to 2000, both stocks were estimated to have had maximum growth rates of <3 % yr(-1) with > 77 % probability, lower than the accepted minimum default value for dolphin populations with reproductive parameters (e.g. calving intervals) like those considered here (Reilly & Barlow 1986, Fish Bull 84:527-533; Wade 1998, Mar Mamm Sci 14:1-37). We fit models that are intended to be indicative of hypotheses that explain why neither dolphin stock has recovered. Our data and prior information provide equal posterior support to hypotheses which attribute the lack of recovery to the fishery and changes in the ecosystem. We conclude that (1) the purse-seine fishery can impact dolphin stocks beyond the impacts of observed fishery mortality, (2) there is uncertainty about the degrees to which such cryptic impacts have population-level consequences, and (3) the existing dolphin-safe labeling standard is, from a conservation perspective, robust to this uncertainty. C1 NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Wade, PR (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.vade@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 4 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 343 BP 1 EP 14 DI 10.3354/meps07069 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 206DJ UT WOS:000249163800001 ER PT J AU Vitaliano, JJ Fromm, SA Packer, DB Reid, RN Pikanowski, RA AF Vitaliano, Joseph J. Fromm, Steven A. Packer, David B. Reid, Robert N. Pikanowski, Robert A. TI Recovery of benthic macrofauna from sewage sludge disposal in the New York Bight SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE benthic macrofauna; sewage sludge; ocean disposal; recovery; BACI; sediments; multidimensional scaling; marine ecosystem; New York bight ID ENVIRONMENTAL-IMPACT ASSESSMENT; MACROBENTHIC COMMUNITY; SUCCESSION; PATTERNS; SHELF AB The 12-Mile Dump Site Recovery Study (12MDSRS) was a multi-year, multi- disciplinary field study to monitor the recovery of the benthic ecosystem in the inner New York (NY) Bight following termination of sewage sludge disposal in 1987. Sewage sludge had been dumped at the 12-Mile Dump Site (12MDS) for over 60 yr. In the early 1980s, the 12MDS was receiving the largest volume of sewage sludge of any dump site in the world. Monthly sampling of sediments, benthic macrofauna, and other parameters was conducted for 18 mo during phased cessation of sludge disposal and 21 mo afterward at 3 sites considered to have varying degrees of sludge influence. We used a Before-After-Control-Impact (BACI) design in an attempt to factor out effects of background variability from the effect of termination of sludge disposal. The BACI analyses confirmed a sludge cessation effect for only some of the taxa that showed large increases in abundance after cessation. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) ordination indicated a shift in community structure at the most contaminated site towards that at the reference sites within 21 mo post cessation. Differences observed between the Pearson & Rosenberg model and the present study appear to be related to site-specific factors in the inner NY Bight. These factors facilitated the rapid reduction of sewage sludge constituents in surficial sediments after cessation. C1 NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. RP Vitaliano, JJ (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab Sandy Hook, 74 Magruder Rd, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM joseph.vitaliano@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 342 BP 27 EP 40 DI 10.3354/meps342027 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 202IR UT WOS:000248895700003 ER PT J AU Ryer, CH Stoner, AW Spencer, ML Abookire, AA AF Ryer, Clifford H. Stoner, Allan W. Spencer, Mara L. Abookire, Alisa A. TI Presence of larger flatfish modifies habitat preference by Age-0 northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE habitat complexity; habitat quality; rock sole; Pacific halibut; predator-prey interactions; competitive interactions; essential fish habitat; indirect predation effects ID GENERALIZED ADDITIVE-MODELS; JUVENILE WINTER FLOUNDER; EASTERN BERING SEA; COD GADUS; SEDIMENT PREFERENCES; ALASKA FLATFISHES; SPATIAL-ANALYSIS; DIURNAL ACTIVITY; MENIDIA-MENIDIA; PREDATION RISK AB Essential fish habitat (EFH) is poorly defined for the early stages of most commercially important species. Age-0 flatfish making summer use of shallow coastal embayments around Kodiak Alaska distribute themselves according to a variety of bottom features. Both field and laboratory studies indicate that the numerically dominant species, northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra and Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, demonstrate an affinity for seafloor with emergent structure: algae, shell, worm-tubes, etc. We conducted field manipulations, in which bivalve shell was scattered on the seafloor along 100 m transects, with the goal of examining movements of juvenile flatfish in response to these habitat alterations. In the first manipulation, contrary to expectations, Age-0 flatfish emigrated from the shell-enhanced seafloor, producing fish densities that were lower than on adjacent un-enhanced bottom. In comparison, larger flatfish, predominantly Age-1(+) rock sole Lepidopsetta spp., increased in abundance on shell-enhanced bottom. Small flatfish may have moved to avoid larger flatfish. The manipulation was repeated at another site with similar physical features, but where large flatfish abundances are generally lower. This time, Age-0 flatfish densities were greater on the shell-enhanced bottom than on adjacent un-enhanced bottom. Again, large flatfish were more abundant on the shell bottom, but they were nearly an order of magnitude less abundant than in the first manipulation. In a subsequent laboratory experiment, Age-1 northern rock sole demonstrated stronger affinity for shell bottom than did Age-0 northern rock sole. In another experiment, Age-0 northern rock sole moved to avoid aggregations of larger conspecifics as well as other species of large flatfish, We conclude that these Age-0 flatfish, predominantly northern rock sole, perceive larger fish as predators and/or competitors, with habitat quality degraded by their presence. These results demonstrate that habitat quality for juvenile fish is influenced by biotic factors as well as by physical characteristics of habitat. C1 Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Kodiak Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Ryer, CH (reprint author), Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM cliff.ryer@noaa.gov NR 54 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 342 BP 227 EP 238 DI 10.3354/meps342227 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 202IR UT WOS:000248895700020 ER PT J AU Kurle, CM Gudmundson, CJ AF Kurle, Carolyn M. Gudmundson, Carolyn J. TI Regional differences in foraging of young-of-the-year Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus in Alaska: stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios in blood SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE steller sea lion; Eumetopias jubatus; foraging ecology; stable isotopes; carbon; nitrogen pinniped; marine mammal ID CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; WESTERN STOCK; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; MOVEMENT PATTERNS; LIPID COMPOSITION; INORGANIC CARBON; FOOD WEBS; FRACTIONATION; ECOLOGY; DIET AB Stable nitrogen and carbon isotope ratios were measured from red blood cell (RBC) and serum components from 9 mo old Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus captured during February and March 2000 and 2001 from the Gulf of Alaska (GOA; Region 1, n = 11), the eastern Aleutian Islands (Region 3, n = 5), and the central Aleutian Islands (Region 4, n = 5) to assess their foraging ecology. Isotope ratios from sea lions were compared with those from probable prey species and results were compared with those from a study demonstrating regional differences in the diets of juvenile and adult sea lions through the use of scat analysis. Discriminant analyses using the delta N-15 and delta C-13 values of each blood component as the discriminant functions accurately classified sea lions to the appropriate foraging regions as predicted by a previous study employing scat analysis with an accuracy of 90 % for serum and 95 % for RBCs. The delta N-15 values reflect a decrease in sea lion trophic position moving east to west that is probably driven by changes in sea lion diet. The delta C-13 values demonstrated clear distinctions between foraging locations that are likely driven by known geographic carbon isotope patterns observed in the GOA and along the Aleutian archipelago. Our data present further evidence that, in the marine environment, delta C-13 values do not covary with delta N-15 values as a result of trophic enrichment, and are better determinants of foraging location than trophic position. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kurle, CM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM kurle@biology.ucsc.edu NR 38 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 342 BP 303 EP 310 DI 10.3354/meps342303 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 202IR UT WOS:000248895700027 ER PT J AU Feinberg, LR Shaw, CT Peterson, WT AF Feinberg, Leah R. Shaw, C. Tracy Peterson, William T. TI Long-term laboratory observations of Euphausia pacifica fecundity: comparison of two geographic regions SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Euphausia pacifica; fecundity; interbrood period; brood size ID THYSANOESSA-INERMIS; NORTHERN GULF; CARBON; VARIABILITY; ENERGETICS; CRUSTACEA; NITROGEN; ALASKA; CYCLE AB We tested the assumption that female Euphausia pacifica produce multiple broods of eggs during their spawning season by maintaining individual females under laboratory conditions at 10.5 degrees C and comparing the egg production of females collected from 2 populations, 1 from Heceta Bank off central Oregon (44 degrees N, n = 27 individuals), and the other from waters near Santa Barbara, California (34 degrees N, n = 12 individuals). We documented the production of multiple, distinct broods by daily observation of females over periods from 1 to 9 mo. Median brood sizes were not significantly different between regions: 102 eggs for females from Heceta Bank and 116 eggs for females from Santa Barbara. Median interbrood period (IBP) was significantly different: 4 d for Santa Barbara females and 5 d for Heceta Bank females. Brood size and IBP were highly variable within and among individuals. The total number of eggs produced female(-1) in the experiment ranged from 378 to 8600, and IBPs ranged from 1 to 79 d. A brood of eggs represented an average of 9 % of the female's weight in carbon, equivalent to 0.5 to 6% of body weight d-1 (average of 1.7 % d(-1)). C1 Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NMFS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Feinberg, LR (reprint author), Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM leah.feinberg@oregonstate.edu NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 341 BP 141 EP 152 DI 10.3354/meps341141 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 195DI UT WOS:000248392300012 ER PT J AU Baker, JD AF Baker, Jason D. TI Post-weaning migration of northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus pups from the Pribilof Islands, Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Callorhinus ursinus; northern fur seal; migration; diving behavior ID DIVING BEHAVIOR; ARCTOCEPHALUS-FORSTERI; WANDERING ALBATROSSES; ELEPHANT SEALS; NEW-ZEALAND; ONTOGENY; DISPERSAL; MOVEMENTS; POPULATION; SATELLITE AB The post-weaning migration of northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus pups from the Pribilof Islands in the eastern Bering Sea was investigated using satellite-linked dive recorders deployed in November 1996 and 1997, with tracking duration ranging up to more than 6 mo. Prior to abruptly departing on the migration by early December, pups did not stray far from their natal islands. After a median travel time of 17 d, most pups transited various Aleutian Island passes, though 3 animals remained in the Bering Sea until at least late January. Pups that left the Bering Sea subsequently dispersed into a vast area of the North Pacific some 2500 km wide from the central Aleutians to the Gulf of Alaska and 1000 km from 60 to 45 degrees N. Most pups remained in offshore pelagic areas; however, 3 individuals also spent time over continental shelf waters. While the spatial dispersion and habitats used by migrating pups varied considerably, their diving behavior was remarkably consistent. All migrating pups dove largely during the night, and during evening and morning hours, but practically ceased diving during the day, suggesting they foraged on vertically migrating prey that is unattainable or too costly to reach during daytime. Dives were typically shallow and brief; 77 reached depths less than 10 m, and 81 % lasted less than 1 min. Wide dispersal presents a potential selective mechanism for differential survival, in that benefits (food availability) and risks (storms, predation, and, potentially, fishery interactions) likely vary considerably across the oceanic habitats occupied by these naive foragers on their first migration. C1 NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Baker, JD (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jason.baker@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 341 BP 243 EP 255 DI 10.3354/meps341243 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 195DI UT WOS:000248392300021 ER PT J AU Montgomery, RA Hoef, JMV Boveng, PL AF Montgomery, R. A. Hoef, J. M. Ver Boveng, P. L. TI Spatial modeling of haul-out site use by harbor seals in Cook Inlet, Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE spatial regression; seals; haul-out behavior; spatial autocorrelation; habitat ID PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; FISH; CONSTRAINTS; CALIFORNIA; PINNIPEDS; ABUNDANCE; SELECTION; HABITAT; GULF AB Harbor seals Phoca vitulina haul out on land to give birth to and rear their pups, rest, escape aquatic predation and molt. The choice of a haul-out site is therefore fundamental to survival and reproduction. Aerial surveys of harbor seals were conducted in Cook Inlet, Alaska, to investigate the seals' selection of various environmental characteristics of haul-out sites. Eight surveys from April, June, August and October were performed to understand how haul-out site use varies seasonally. A GIS database describing all potential haul-out habitats in the study area was created by acquiring separate data sets on bathymetry, sea-bed type, proximity to sources of anthropogenic disturbance, prey availability, biological wave exposure and substrate type. Because harbor seal abundance and several environmental features varied temporally, 4 separate models were developed to account for conditions specific to each survey month. Spatial regression analyses, which allowed data to be spatially autocorrelated, were used to identify the relationships between harbor seal abundance and environmental variables associated with haul-out sites. Harbor seals were found to haul out near available prey and to avoid areas high in anthropogenic disturbance. The seals also selected haul-out sites of rock substrate and those that were near deep water. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Polar Ecosyst Program, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Boveng, PL (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Polar Ecosyst Program, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM peter.boveng@noaa.gov OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 NR 38 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 341 BP 257 EP 264 DI 10.3354/meps341257 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 195DI UT WOS:000248392300022 ER PT J AU Fisher, EM Fauth, JE Hallock, P Woodley, CM AF Fisher, Elizabeth M. Fauth, John E. Hallock, Pamela Woodley, Cheryl M. TI Lesion regeneration rates in reef-building corals Montastraea spp. as indicators of colony condition SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE regeneration; indicators; lesion; Montastraea spp.; coral; partial mortality; damage ID STEPHANOCOENIA-MICHELINII; PORITES-ASTREOIDES; ARTIFICIAL LESIONS; FAVIA FAVUS; ANNULARIS; DAMAGE; DEPTH; SHAPE AB Regeneration rates of coral lesions reflect the ability of colonies to repair damage and therefore can be useful indicators of coral health and environmental conditions. We quantified regeneration rates of boulder corals Montastraea spp. at four, 6 m deep patch reefs within Biscayne National Park (BNP) and the upper Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary (FKNMS), and along a 3 to 18 m depth transect in FKNMS. Coral lesions (approx. 2 cm(2)) created during sampling for cellular-diagnostic analysis were monitored quarterly in 2001 and 2002, and in February 2003. Regeneration was a dynamic process, continuing longer than previously reported (> 300 d after lesion formation). Geographic location was the strongest factor affecting regeneration rate at our study sites. Lesion regeneration differed significantly among 6 m deep sites; sites offshore from John Pennekamp Coral Reef State Park (Algae Reef and White Banks) consistently had the highest regeneration rates, with colonies exhibiting exponential declines in lesion size and a high percentage of completely healed lesions. Along the depth gradient, corals at the 3 m site regenerated significantly faster than corals at 6, 9, and 18 m. These results suggest that corals sampled at FKNMS 6, 9 and 18 m sites and BNP were in poor physiological condition or were exposed to suboptimal environmental conditions, as evidenced by highly variable and overall low regeneration rates, a low percentage of healed lesions, and a high occurrence of breakage or Type II lesions (lesions that increased in size by merging with areas of denuded tissue on the colony). C1 Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ Cent Florida, Dept Biol, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Fisher, EM (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM efisher@marine.usf.edu NR 13 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 339 BP 61 EP 71 DI 10.3354/meps339061 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 185MA UT WOS:000247713900006 ER PT J AU Brousseau, DJ Goldberg, R AF Brousseau, Diane J. Goldberg, Ronald TI Effect of predation by the invasive crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus on recruiting barnacles Semibalanus balanoides in western Long Island Sound, USA SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Hemigrapsus sanguineus; Asian shore crab; predation impact; caging study; Semibalanus balanoides; barnacles; recruitment; Long Island Sound ID ASIAN SHORE CRAB; RELATIVE IMPACTS; CARCINUS-MAENAS; UNITED-STATES; MUSSEL BEDS; GREEN CRAB; WADDEN SEA; SETTLEMENT; COMMUNITY; SELECTION AB Since its introduction fewer than 20 yr ago, the spread of the Asian shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus along the east coast of the US has been remarkable. By many accounts it is now the numerically dominant brachyuran in rocky intertidal sites in Long Island Sound. Evidence from several laboratory studies has suggested that H. sanguineus could have significant consequences for barnacle abundance and distribution. In this study we used field caging experiments to determine the effect of this invader on recruitment (sampled at weekly intervals) of the indigenous barnacle Semibalanus balanoides. We found that although H. sanguineus readily consumed settling cypris larvae and early post-settlement juveniles, crab predation did not have a negative impact on barnacle recruitment when predator density was low (15 crabs 0.25 m(-2)). We also found a measurable decrease in barnacle density at medium (45 crabs 0.25 m(-2)) and high (90 crabs 0.25 m(-2)) predator densities after the larval settlement period had ended, but this effect was short-lived. Based on available estimates of Asian shore crab abundance in Long Island Sound, we conclude that crab predation will not have a significant impact on the recruitment success of S. balanoides populations. C1 Fairfield Univ, Dept Biol, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA. NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Brousseau, DJ (reprint author), Fairfield Univ, Dept Biol, Fairfield, CT 06824 USA. EM brousseau@mail.fairfield.edu NR 40 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 339 BP 221 EP 228 DI 10.3354/meps339221 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 185MA UT WOS:000247713900020 ER PT J AU Methratta, ET Link, JS AF Methratta, Elizabeth T. Link, Jason S. TI Ontogenetic variation in habitat association for four groundfish species in the Gulf of Maine - Georges Bank region SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE life history; spatial distribution; Northwest Atlantic; fisheries; environmental gradient ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; US CONTINENTAL-SHELF; PREDATION RISK; SOUTHERN GULF; ST-LAWRENCE; JUVENILE; TEMPERATURE; VARIABLES; SEDIMENTS; DEPTH AB We explored how size class distributions for 4 important groundfish species, Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, haddock Melanogrammus aeglefinus, spiny dogfish Squalus acanthias and silver hake Merluccius bilinearis, are related to depth, temperature, substrate and time-block for the fall and spring of a 35 yr time period in the Gulf of Maine - Georges Bank region. We examined the relative importance of each factor and how relative importance changes with season. Size increased with depth during both seasons for G. morhua and for M. aeglefinus during the fall, but decreased with depth for M. aeglefinus during the spring. Haddock size class distributions in the spring were also related to bottom temperature, with smaller individuals generally occurring in the warmest waters; For S. acanthias, depth was also the primary environmental variable explaining size class distributions in the fall, although size decreased with depth for this species. In the spring, bottom temperature was more important for spiny dogfish with smaller individuals associated with warmer bottom waters. Similarly, bottom temperature had the most explanatory value for M bilinearis during both seasons, with size increasing with temperature. Seasonal associations with depth and temperature are related to spawning migrations, thermal preferences and other ecological factors. Time-block accounted for a notable amount of variance, particularly for S, acanthias and M bilinearis, and was reflective of how population size structure has responded to exploitation over the time series. The local-scale relationships between abundance and substrate previously established for some species were not strong at the broader spatial scale we examined. Understanding how habitat associations change with ontogeny will aid in refining spatial fisheries management approaches and in delineating essential fish habitat. C1 Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Food Web Dynam Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Methratta, ET (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Biol, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM methratt@sas.upenn.edu RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 338 BP 169 EP 181 DI 10.3354/meps338169 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 182BN UT WOS:000247480200015 ER PT J AU Laurel, BJ Stoner, AW Hurst, TP AF Laurel, Benjamin J. Stoner, Allan W. Hurst, Thomas P. TI Density-dependent habitat selection in marine flatfish: the dynamic role of ontogeny and temperature SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE density-dependence; habitat selection; carrying capacity; pacific halibut; northern rock sole ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; IDEAL-FREE DISTRIBUTION; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA L; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; WINTER FLOUNDER; PSEUDOPLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; SEDIMENT PREFERENCES; YELLOWTAIL FLOUNDER; FREE DISTRIBUTIONS; ALASKA FLATFISHES AB Changes in habitat use with increasing conspecific density are well-documented, but such patterns are likely to be dynamic over the lifespan of the organism and responsive to changes in the environment. In the laboratory, we examined how habitat selection was mediated by ontogeny (6, 8 and 12 mo) and temperature (4 and 9 degrees C) in 2 juvenile, marine flatfish species: Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis and northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra. In a set of initial trials at 9 degrees C, groups, of same-aged juvenile flatfish (6, 8 or 12 mo) of either halibut or rock sole were given the choice of 2 habitats-fine sand (preferred) and coarse gravel (unpreferred) -at 1 of 6 densities (0.4 to 12.2 fish m(-2)). A second set of trials was conducted at 4 degrees C using 8 mo juvenile fish of both species over the same range of densities. At 9 degrees C, density-dependent habitat selection was observed among all treatment groups. As juveniles increased in age in the 9 degrees C treatments, both species began occupying the less-preferred gravel habitat at lower densities. However, at 4 degrees C, density-dependent habitat selection varied between species. Sand habitat supported higher densities of juvenile Pacific halibut at 4 degrees C whereas no change was observed in northern rock sole. Juvenile Pacific halibut activity was also lower than rock sole at 4 degrees C, suggesting that competitive interactions (e.g. interference, territoriality etc.) and/or physiological demands of halibut is sufficiently reduced at this temperature to increase the carrying capacity of the preferred habitat. Together, these results indicate that temperature, ontogeny and density interact to yield unique habitat selection. patterns in fish, mechanisms that may be important in area-abundance relationships. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Fisheries Behav Ecol Pro, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Laurel, BJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Fisheries Behav Ecol Pro, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ben.laurel@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 NR 71 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 338 BP 183 EP 192 DI 10.3354/meps338183 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 182BN UT WOS:000247480200016 ER PT J AU Littnan, CL Arnould, JPY Harcourt, RG AF Littnan, C. L. Arnould, J. P. Y. Harcourt, R. G. TI Effect of proximity to the shelf edge on the diet of female Australian fur seals SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus; Australian fur seal; diet; faecal analysis; Bass Strait ID ARCTOCEPHALUS-PUSILLUS-DORIFERUS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; NEOPHOCA-CINEREA; DIVING BEHAVIOR; MARINE MAMMALS; LIONS; PREDATOR; MOVEMENTS; ECOLOGY; SEASON AB The Australian fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus doriferus is a temperate latitude species with a breeding distribution restricted to Bass Strait, Australia. Recent studies of the foraging behaviour of female Australian fur seals indicated that they feed demersally in the shallow continental shelf waters, a behaviour that is in contrast to the epipelagic foraging of females of most other arctocephaline (Southern Hemisphere fur seals) species and akin to that observed in sea lions. These studies, however, were conducted at one colony (Kanowna Island) located in central northern Bass Strait, and it was suggested that the observed foraging behaviour may have been due to the distance of this colony from the continental shelf edge (180 km), making it inefficient to forage beyond it. Here, the diet of lactating Australian fur seals was compared between 2 colonies to test if differing proximity to the continental shelf edge resulted in differences in foraging behaviour. The 2 breeding colonies studied, Kanowna Island and The Skerries, were 180 and 25 km from the nearest shelf edge, respectively. We analysed a total of 917 scat samples collected at the 2 colonies between 1997 and 2001. From faecal analysis, 45 primarily demersal on-shelf species of fishes and cephalopods were identified. Only 4 species had a frequency of occurrence greater than 10%: redbait Emmelichthys nitidus, jack mackerel Trachurus sp., red rock cod Pseudophycis bachus, and Gould's squid Nototodarus gouldi. No seasonal, annual or spatial differences were found between the 2 colonies, indicating that proximity to the shelf edge does not influence diet. C1 Deakin Univ, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Burwood, Vic 3125, Australia. Macquarie Univ, Grad Sch Environm, Marine Mammal Res Grp, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia. RP Littnan, CL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, PIFSC, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM charles.littnan@noaa.gov RI Arnould, John/E-8386-2011 OI Arnould, John/0000-0003-1124-9330 NR 39 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 18 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 338 BP 257 EP 267 DI 10.3354/meps338257 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 182BN UT WOS:000247480200023 ER PT J AU Beck, CA Rea, LD Iverson, SJ Kennish, JM Pitcher, KW Fadely, BS AF Beck, Carrie A. Rea, Lorrie D. Iverson, Sara J. Kennish, John M. Pitcher, Kenneth W. Fadely, Brian S. TI Blubber fatty acid profiles reveal regional, seasonal, age-class and sex differences in the diet of young Steller sea lions in Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE fatty acids; dietary intake; Eumetopias jubatus; independent foraging ID NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; DECREASING POPULATIONS; SPECIES VARIABILITY; BEARDED SEALS; RINGED SEALS; POLAR BEARS; HARP SEALS AB Blubber fatty acid (FA) profiles of young Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus (< 24 mo old; n = 477) were investigated to determine whether regional, seasonal, age-class and sex differences occur in the diets of these demographic groups, Blubber FA profiles of spring (March to May) pups differed significantly by region, probably reflecting regional differences in the diet of adult females, who provide their pups with milk. While there were statistically significant seasonal and age-class differences in both Prince William Sound (PWS) and SE Alaska (SEA), differences in FA profiles between sexes were only evident in the blubber of yearlings from PWS. Within SEA, blubber FA profiles of summer pups differed significantly from all other seasonal/age-class groups in that region. This is consistent with movements of female-pup pairs from rookeries to haul-outs and hence differences in female foraging. In SEA, seasonal differences in blubber FA composition were evident and similar between yearlings and pups. In contrast, there was a gradual change in the FA profile of pup blubber from summer to spring in PWS, which did not follow the same seasonal pattern of yearling profiles. These differences in FA profiles suggest either differences in the timing of weaning between the 2 areas or shifts in the diets of lactating females, or both. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat Marine Mammals, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. Univ Alaska, Dept Chem, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Beck, CA (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Div Wildlife Conservat Marine Mammals, 525 W 67th Ave, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. EM charlotte_eischens@fishgame.state.ak.us RI Fadely, Brian/P-3601-2015 OI Fadely, Brian/0000-0002-9172-1887 NR 61 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 338 BP 269 EP 280 DI 10.3354/meps338269 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 182BN UT WOS:000247480200024 ER PT J AU Viaud-Martinez, KA Vergara, MM Gol'din, PE Ridoux, V Ozturk, AA Ozturk, B Rosel, PE Frantzis, A Komnenou, A Bohonak, AJ AF Viaud-Martinez, Karine A. Vergara, Milmer Martinez Gol'din, Pavel E. Ridoux, Vincent Oeztuerk, Ayaka A. Oeztuerk, Bayram Rosel, Patricia E. Frantzis, Alexandros Komnenou, Anastasia Bohonak, Andrew J. TI Morphological and genetic differentiation of the Black Sea harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE conservation genetics; gene flow; skull shape; Phocoena phocoena relicta ID STATISTICAL PHYLOGEOGRAPHY; HISTORICAL DEMOGRAPHY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MARMARA SEA; AEGEAN SEA; SKELETON; GENEALOGIES; VARIABILITY; DIVERGENCE AB The ecological and conservation status of the geographically isolated Black Sea harbour porpoise is currently unknown. Although it has been suggested that Black Sea harbour porpoises are distinct from other populations, the implementation of specific conservation plans has been hindered by the absence of a genetic and morphological study with large sample sizes. We sought to test the hypothesis that Black Sea porpoises differ from those in the Atlantic Ocean using cranial morphology and mitochondrial DNA variation. A total of 177 adult skulls from the Atlantic coast of France, Danish North Sea including Skagerrak and Inner Danish Waters, Greenland and the Black Sea were scored for 22 morphological variables. A portion of the mitochondrial control region was sequenced for 146 ind. from the eastern north Atlantic, the northern Aegean Sea, the Sea of Marmara and the Black Sea. Within the Black Sea, we found relatively low levels of genetic diversity, and no statistically significant differentiation. However, the Black Sea population shares no haplotypes with the eastern Atlantic populations, suggesting that they have been separated for thousands of years. Black Sea porpoises also show significant morphological differences from other populations, with smaller body and skull size, wider and longer rostrum, smaller orbital length, smaller internal nares and condylar widths and larger occipital ridge. Our results demonstrate that harbour porpoises from the Black Sea, Sea of Marmara and the northern Aegean Sea (eastern region): (1) are genetically differentiated; (2) have been reproductively isolated for a considerable period of time; and (3) are likely to be on an independent evolutionary pathway. We recommend that harbour porpoises from the eastern region be recognized as the subspecies Phocoena phocoena relicta. C1 San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. VI Vernadsky Taurida Natl Univ, Dept Zool, UA-95007 Simferopol, Ukraine. Univ Rochelle, Inst Littoral & Environm, CRMM, F-17000 La Rochelle, France. Turkish Marine Res Fdn, TR-81650 Istanbul, Turkey. SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Pelagos Cetacean Res Inst, Vouliagmeni 16671, Greece. Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Fac Vet, Thessaloniki 54627, Greece. RP Viaud-Martinez, KA (reprint author), San Diego State Univ, Dept Biol, 5500 Campanile Dr, San Diego, CA 92182 USA. EM kviaud@illumina.com RI Gol'din, Pavel/C-2061-2016; OI Gol'din, Pavel/0000-0001-6118-1384; Frantzis, Alexandros/0000-0001-7117-062X NR 49 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 338 BP 281 EP 294 DI 10.3354/meps338281 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 182BN UT WOS:000247480200025 ER PT J AU Heupel, MR Carlson, JK Simpfendorfer, CA AF Heupel, Michelle R. Carlson, John K. Simpfendorfer, Colin A. TI Shark nursery areas: concepts, definition, characterization and assumptions SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Review DE nursery area; shark; habitat; definition ID SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD SHARKS; JUVENILE BLACKTIP SHARKS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; YOUNG SANDBAR SHARKS; SHORT-TERM MOVEMENTS; CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; LEMON SHARKS; KANEOHE BAY AB The concept of elasmobranch species using nursery areas was introduced in the early 1900s and has been an accepted aspect of shark biology and behavior for several decades. Despite several descriptions of how shark species use nursery areas and what types of regions nurseries may be found in, no explicit definition of what constitutes a shark nursery area has been presented. Here we evaluate the assumptions of the current shark nursery paradigm in light of available data. Based on examination of these assumptions and available methods of quantifying and accurately describing shark nursery areas, a new more quantitative definition of shark nursery areas is proposed. This definition requires 3 criteria to be met for an area to be identified as a nursery: (1) sharks are more commonly encountered in the area than other areas; (2) sharks have a tendency to remain or return for extended periods; and (3) the area or habitat is repeatedly used across years. These criteria make the definition of shark nursery areas more compatible with those for other aquatic species. The improved definition of this concept will provide more valuable information for fisheries managers and shark biologists. C1 Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Shark Res, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Heupel, MR (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Ctr Shark Res, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. EM mheupel@mote.org RI Simpfendorfer, Colin/G-9681-2011 OI Simpfendorfer, Colin/0000-0002-0295-2238 NR 76 TC 187 Z9 201 U1 6 U2 45 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 337 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.3354/meps337287 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 176SL UT WOS:000247105100025 ER PT J AU Bi, HS Ruppel, RE Peterson, WT AF Bi, Hongsheng Ruppel, Rachel E. Peterson, William T. TI Modeling the pelagic habitat of salmon off the Pacific Northwest (USA) coast using logistic regression SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE salmon; habitat modeling; logistic regression; chlorophyll a; depth; temperature; salinity; fisheries ID CENTRAL OREGON COAST; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; ATLANTIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; COHO SALMON; EL-NINO; OCEAN; GROWTH AB Defining marine habitat use for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. is important for effective resource management because salmon production has been linked to ocean conditions in the Northeast Pacific. Towards that goal, Chinook O. tshawytscha and coho salmon O. kisutch populations were sampled off Washington and Oregon, USA, in June 1998 to 2005 along with habitat variables including temperature, salinity, water depth, and chlorophyll a concentration. Correlation analysis and stepwise logistic regressions were run to identify the physical and biological factors that predict the presence of Chinook and coho salmon. Low zero-catch probability was used to indicate used habitat. For all life history stages, zero-catch probability decreased with increased chlorophyll concentration and decreased depth. Temperature was a significant predictor variable for subyearling Chinook and. yearling coho presence based on stepwise logistic regression. The size of used habitat showed large spatial and temporal variations, where more used habitat occurred off Washington and the Columbia River mouth than off Oregon. This pattern may relate to a wider shelf and greater primary production to the north. The largest amount of used habitat occurred in 2000 and 2003 for all 5 life history stages examined. Sea-viewing Wide Field-of -Sensor (SeaWiFS) satellite images indicated high chlorophyll concentration in that period. C1 Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Bi, HS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM hongsheng.bi@oregonstate.edu RI Bi, Hongsheng/B-9409-2012 NR 34 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 14 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 336 BP 249 EP 265 DI 10.3354/meps336249 PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 174ZB UT WOS:000246980400022 ER PT J AU Williams, B Risk, M Stone, R Sinclair, D Ghaleb, B AF Williams, Branwen Risk, Mike Stone, Robert Sinclair, Daniel Ghaleb, Bassam TI Oceanographic changes in the North Pacific Ocean over the past century recorded in deep-water gorgonian corals SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE deep-water corals; North Pacific; stable isotopes; biogeochemistry ID PRIMNOA-RESEDAEFORMIS; COASTAL CURRENT; ORGANIC-CARBON; ALASKA SHELF; MIXED-LAYER; GULF; SEA; GROWTH; PHYTOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY AB Deep-water gorgonian corals are long-lived and abundant in the North Pacific Ocean. Gorgonians have annually-resolved skeletal organic bands, making them proxies of environmental changes. Specimens of Primnoa sp. were collected from the Gulf of Alaska in 2001, 2003, and 2004. Organic band counts and Pb-210 dating were combined to produce a growth chronology for 2 specimens. Organic skeletal growth bands were dissected and analysed for C-13 and N-15 to investigate long-term changes in production and cycling of organic matter in surface waters. Three specimens were analyzed: PAL, P26 and P88. Specimen PAL, with a record spanning 125 yr, exhibits a statistically significant systematic depletion of C-13 and N-15 over time. The magnitude of the depletion trend in the carbon record over the past 50 yr is equivalent to the C-13 depletion of ocean surface dissolved inorganic carbon from the input of anthropogenic carbon into the atmosphere (the Suess effect). The depletion in N-15 may reflect changes in plankton composition at the bottom of the food web. C1 Univ Quebec, GEOTOP, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. McMaster Univ, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada. NMFS Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Williams, B (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM williams.2789@osu.edu NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 335 BP 85 EP 94 DI 10.3354/meps335085 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 167XV UT WOS:000246486800007 ER PT J AU Miller, MW Baums, IB Williams, DE AF Miller, M. W. Baums, I. B. Williams, D. E. TI Visual discernment of sexual recruits is not feasible for Acropora palmata SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Editorial Material DE microsatellites; clones; acroporid coral; Caribbean Sea; genetic screening; monitoring ID CARIBBEAN CORAL; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; PATTERNS; POPULATIONS; REEF AB In fragmenting corals, estimation of population structure, extinction risk, and recovery potential requires accurate assessment of the relative contribution of sexual versus asexual reproduction. This yields an operational tendency for field ecologists to surmise levels of sexual recruitment from visual surveys, as in a recent study by Grober-Dunsmore et al. (2006; Mar Ecol Prog Ser 321:123-132). The recent development of microsatellite markers for threatened elkhorn coral Acropora palmata allowed us to test the accuracy of such visual assessments in 2 separate populations, showing them to be highly unreliable. Therefore, for clonal species that rely heavily on fragmentation, extreme caution is required in determining levels of sexual recruitment or recovery potential in the absence of molecular genetic screening. C1 NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, Mueller Lab 808, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Miller, MW (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM margaret.w.miller@noaa.gov RI Baums, Iliana/G-6435-2010 OI Baums, Iliana/0000-0001-6463-7308 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 335 BP 227 EP 231 DI 10.3354/meps335227 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 167XV UT WOS:000246486800020 ER PT J AU Waggett, RJ Buskey, EJ AF Waggett, Rebecca J. Buskey, Edward J. TI Copepod escape behavior in non-turbulent and turbulent hydrodynamic regimes SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE copepod; escape reaction; flow-field; hydrodynamic stimuli; turbulence ID 1ST ANTENNAE; MARINE COPEPODS; PLANKTONIC COPEPODS; CENTROPAGES-HAMATUS; CALANOID COPEPOD; ACARTIA-TONSA; PREDATOR; MECHANORECEPTORS; DISSIPATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Copepods respond to velocity gradients in the ambient fluid generated by the movement of nearby predators. Escape behavior of several species in response to hydrodynamic stimuli has been analyzed under non-turbulent conditions; however, copepods normally experience a flowing or turbulent environment. Two neritic species (Paracalanus parvus and Temora turbinata) were exposed to a siphon-generated flow field under both non-turbulent and turbulent conditions. Deformation rates of 6.16 and 3.93 s(-1) were required to elicit escape behavior in R parvus and T turbinata, respectively. Copepod jump distances in response to the siphon- generated flow field were > 6.8 mm and were not significantly different under non-turbulent and turbulent conditions. C1 Univ Texas, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP Waggett, RJ (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM rebecca.waggett@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 8 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 334 BP 193 EP 198 DI 10.3354/meps334193 PG 6 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 159JN UT WOS:000245862000017 ER PT J AU Valentine, JF Heck, KL Blackmon, D Goecker, ME Christian, J Kroutil, RM Kirsch, KD Peterson, BJ Beck, M Vanderklift, MA AF Valentine, John F. Heck, Kenneth L., Jr. Blackmon, Derrick Goecker, Margene E. Christian, Juliet Kroutil, Ryan M. Kirsch, Kevin D. Peterson, Bradley J. Beck, Mike Vanderklift, Mathew A. TI Food web interactions along seagrass-coral reef boundaries: effects of piscivore reductions on cross-habitat energy exchange SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE edge effects; herbivory; overfishing; parrotfish; spatial subsidies; trophic transfer ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; FLORIDA-KEYS; BARRIER-REEF; PATCH REEFS; RESERVES; POPULATIONS; ECOSYSTEMS; TRAJECTORIES; TERRESTRIAL AB Although early studies qualitatively documented the importance of cross-habitat energy transfers from seagrasses to coral reefs, such exchanges have yet to be quantified. Empirical evidence suggests that grazing by reef-associated herbivores along the coral reef-seagrass interface can be intense (e.g. conspicuous presence of bare-sand 'halos' surrounding coral reefs). This evidence must be interpreted with caution, however, as most of it comes from areas that have experienced sustained, intense overfishing. To quantify the impacts of piscivore removal on cross-habitat energy exchange at the coral reef-seagrass interface, we compared grazing intensity along fished and no-take reefs in the upper and lower Florida Keys. Using visual census techniques and direct measures of seagrass grazing, we documented the impacts of piscivore density on herbivory along the seagrass-coral reef interface. Grazing rates were greater than observed seagrass (Thalassia testudinum) production near reefs in the upper Keys, but less than 48% of production in the lower Keys. Analyses showed that these large differences were not related to regional differences in either herbivore density or species composition. Seagrass biomass was also lower near reefs in the upper Keys, where estimates of grazing were highest. Piscivores were dominated by transient predators (jacks and barracudas) whose densities varied with region and distance from reef, but not with protection from fishing. A nonsignificant negative correlation between great barracuda density and leaf losses from tethered shoots, coupled with the greater abundances of larger grazers near reefs, suggests that predation risk, rather than direct reductions in density, may limit grazers to intense feeding on seagrasses adjacent to reefs in the upper Keys. The large-scale variation in grazing intensity illustrates the need for more detailed quantifications of energy exchanges along the seagrass-coral reef boundary. C1 Univ S Alabama, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. NOAA, Damage Assessment Ctr, Marathon, FL 33050 USA. Southampton Coll, Marine Sci Div, Southampton, NY 11968 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Nat Conservancy, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. CSIRO, Floreat, WA USA. Edith Cowan Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Management, Joondalup, WA USA. RP Valentine, JF (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dauphin Island Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. EM jvalentine@disl.org RI Vanderklift, Mathew/B-1003-2008 NR 56 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 5 U2 38 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 333 BP 37 EP 50 DI 10.3354/meps333037 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 155DD UT WOS:000245557100004 ER PT J AU Charrier, G Coombs, SH McQuinn, IH Laroche, J AF Charrier, Gregory Coombs, Steve H. McQuinn, Ian H. Laroche, Jean TI Genetic structure of whiting Merlangius merlangus in the northeast Atlantic and adjacent waters SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE whiting; Merlangius merlangus; microsatellites; genetic structure; larval dispersal ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; MICROMESISTIUS-POUTASSOU RISSO; SEA; DIFFERENTIATION; MICROSATELLITE; POPULATIONS; FISH; BAY; ALLOZYME; MARKERS AB Accurate identification of stock boundaries is essential for efficient fisheries management; hence, the present study focused on the genetic structure of whiting. To this aim, 488 individuals collected from the southern Bay of Biscay to the southern Norwegian coast were genotyped using 7 microsatellites. A low level of genetic structuring was detected in Atlantic waters; only the Bay of Biscay differentiated from more northern samples. The lack of genetic structure along the western margin of the British Isles is consistent with a high level of passive transport of pelagic eggs and larvae due to the combined influence of the North Atlantic Current and the Shelf Edge Current. High levels of dispersal could also occur between the western British Isles and the North Sea through both the branching of the North Atlantic Current into the northern North Sea and the residual current flowing from the English Channel to the Southern Bight. In contrast, a significant genetic structure was identified within the North Sea, and this may be associated with the complex oceanography of this basin and retention systems reducing larval dispersal. In addition, considering also genetic, phenotypic and tag-recapture data collected on whiting, a learned homing behaviour of adults toward spawning areas may be hypothesised. C1 Inst Univ Europeen Mer, CNRS, UMR 6539, Lab LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France. Santa Cruz Lab, NOAA SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. The Lab, Marine Biol Assoc United Kingdom, Plymouth PL1 2PB, Devon, England. Maurice Lamontagne Inst, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Marine Fish & Marine Mammals Div, Hydroacoust Lab, Mont Joli, PQ, Canada. RP Charrier, G (reprint author), Inst Univ Europeen Mer, CNRS, UMR 6539, Lab LEMAR, Pl Nicolas Copernic, F-29280 Plouzane, France. EM gregory.charrier@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 330 BP 201 EP 211 DI 10.3354/meps330201 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 139II UT WOS:000244425100018 ER PT J AU Goetz, KT Rugh, DJ Read, AJ Hobbs, RC AF Goetz, Kimberly T. Rugh, David J. Read, Andrew J. Hobbs, Roderick C. TI Habitat use in a marine ecosystem: Beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas in Cook Inlet, Alaska SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE resource selection function; RSF; classification and regression tree; CART; Geographic Information Systems; GIS; receiver operating characteristic curve; ROC ID DISTRIBUTION MODELS; CLASSIFICATION; POPULATION; REGRESSION; CETACEANS; ESTUARY; WATERS; SHELF AB Marine ecosystems have fluid habitat features that can be modeled for application in management decisions. With less than 360 beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas remaining in Alaska's Cook Inlet population and increasing development in the area, it is important to identify habitat requirements of this depleted population. We used a classification and regression tree (CART) model and a resource selection function (RSF) model to determine the importance of selected environmental variables in structuring the habitat use of beluga whales in Cook Inlet. Bathymetry, proximity to mudflats, and distance from rivers classified by flow accumulation values were evaluated with respect to the presence or absence of belugas. Although bathymetry, as applied to the model, was not a significant variable, mudflats were a significant predictor of beluga distribution during early summer months. The importance of flow accumulation varied slightly between the 2 models but, in general, belugas preferred higher flow accumulation areas. The CART model correctly classified 88% of the sightings, with the majority of beluga sightings found to be within 2.7 km of mudflats and 11.5 km of medium flow accumulation inlets. Using a 0.09 probability threshold for habitat, the RSF model correctly discriminated between beluga sightings and non-sightings 92% of the time. Similar regions of habitat were predicted by CART (habitat area, A = 2985 km(2)) and RSF (A = 2373 km(2)) models. The habitat models developed in this study will help managers meet current conservation goals and make future decisions to promote the recovery of Cook Inlet beluga whales. C1 Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NOAA, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Goetz, KT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, 135 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM kim.goetz@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 40 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 330 BP 247 EP 256 DI 10.3354/meps330247 PG 10 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 139II UT WOS:000244425100022 ER PT J AU Olavarria, C Baker, CS Garrigue, C Poole, M Hauser, N Caballero, S Florez-Gonzalez, L Brasseur, M Bannister, J Capella, J Clapham, P Dodemont, R Donoghue, M Jenner, C Jenner, MN Moro, D Oremus, M Paton, D Rosenbaum, H Russell, K AF Olavarria, C. Baker, C. Scott Garrigue, C. Poole, M. Hauser, N. Caballero, S. Florez-Gonzalez, L. Brasseur, M. Bannister, J. Capella, J. Clapham, P. Dodemont, R. Donoghue, M. Jenner, C. Jenner, M. -N. Moro, D. Oremus, M. Paton, D. Rosenbaum, H. Russell, K. TI Population structure of South Pacific humpback whales and the origin of the eastern Polynesian breeding grounds SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE Megaptera novaeangliae; mtDNA; stock structure; Oceania; Indian Ocean; whaling ID MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA VARIATION; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; GENE FLOW; MIGRATION; HAPLOTYPES; WORLDWIDE; ATLANTIC AB Most known concentrations of humpback whales in the southern hemisphere were exploited by commercial whaling operations, first on tropical breeding grounds during the 19th century and then in Antarctic feeding areas and along migratory corridors during the 20th century. However, whaling logbooks of 19th century whalers show almost no records of catches in some regions of current concentration, notably eastern Polynesia, suggesting that humpback whales were formerly absent from these regions or that the locations of their primary concentrations were unknown to early whalers. Here we investigate the population structure of humpback whales across the South Pacific and eastern Indian oceans, with an interest in the origins of whales in eastern Polynesia, using an extensive collection of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences obtained from living whales on 6 breeding grounds: New Caledonia, Tonga, Cook Islands, eastern Polynesia (Society Islands of French Polynesia), Colombia and Western Australia. From a total of 1112 samples we sequenced 470 bp of the mtDNA control region, revealing 115 unique haplotypes identified by 71 variable sites. We found significant differentiation, at both the haplotype and nucleotide level (F-ST = 0.033; Phi(ST) = 0.022), among the 6 breeding grounds and for most pair-wise comparisons. The differentiation of the eastern Polynesia humpback whales is consistent with the hypothesis of a relic subpopulation, rather than vagrancy or colonization from known neighboring breeding grounds. Regardless of their origin, it seems probable that islands of eastern Polynesia are now the primary breeding grounds for humpback whales feeding in management Area VI (170 to 120 degrees W) of the Antarctic, as defined by the International Whaling Commission. C1 Univ Auckland, Sch Biol Sci, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. CEQUA, Punta Arenas, Chile. Operat Cetaces, Noumea 98802, New Caledonia. Ctr Rech Insulaires, Moorea, France. Observ Environm, Moorea, France. Cook Isl Whale Res, Rarotonga, Cook Islands. Fdn Yubarta, Cali, Colombia. Edith Cowan Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Managment, Perth, WA 6027, Australia. Western Australian Museum, Perth, WA 6000, Australia. AFSC Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. External Relat Div, Dept Conservat, Wellington 6143, New Zealand. Ctr Whale Res, Fremantle, WA 6959, Australia. So Cross Univ, Whale Res Ctr, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia. Amer Museum Natl Hist, Mol Systemat Lab, New York, NY 10024 USA. RP Baker, CS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Inst, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM scott.baker@oregonstate.edu RI Garrigue, Claire/I-4704-2016 OI Garrigue, Claire/0000-0002-8117-3370 NR 43 TC 43 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 28 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 330 BP 257 EP 268 DI 10.3354/meps330257 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 139II UT WOS:000244425100023 ER PT J AU Oleson, EM Calambokidis, J Burgess, WC McDonald, MA LeDuc, CA Hildebrand, JA AF Oleson, Erin M. Calambokidis, John Burgess, William C. McDonald, Mark A. LeDuc, Carrie A. Hildebrand, John A. TI Behavioral context of call production by eastern North Pacific blue whales SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE blue whale; acoustics; suction-cup tag; sex bias; calls; foraging ID SINGING HUMPBACK WHALES; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; FIN WHALES; MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; MARINE MAMMALS; SONGS; MIGRATION; ATLANTIC; VOCALIZATIONS AB We assessed the behavioral context of calls produced by blue whales Balaenoptera musculus off the California coast based on acoustic, behavioral, and dive data obtained through acoustic recording tags, sex determination from tissue sampling, and coordinated visual and acoustic observations. Approximately one-third of 38 monitored blue whales vocalized, with sounds categorized into 3 types: (1) low-frequency pulsed A and tonal B calls, in either rhythmic repetitive song sequences or as intermittent, singular calls; (2) downswept D calls; and (3) highly variable amplitude-or frequency-modulated calls. Clear patterns of behavior, sex, and group size are evident for some call types. Only males were documented producing AB calls, with song produced by lone, traveling blue whales, and singular AB calls were more typically produced by whales in pairs; D calls were heard from both sexes during foraging, commonly from individuals within groups. The sex bias evident in AB callers suggests that these calls probably play a role in reproduction, even though the calls are produced year-round. All calls are produced at shallow depth, and calling whales spend more time at shallow depths than non-calling whales, suggesting that a cost may be incurred during D calling, as less time is spent feeding at deeper depths. This relationship between calling and depth may predict the traveling behavior of singing blue whales, as traveling whales do not typically dive to deep depths and therefore would experience little extra energetic cost related to the production of long repetitive song bouts while moving between foraging areas. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Cascadia Res Collect, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. Greenridge Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93110 USA. Whale Acoust, Bellvue, CO 80512 USA. NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Oleson, EM (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr 0205, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM eoleson@ucsd.edu NR 58 TC 95 Z9 101 U1 3 U2 48 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 330 BP 269 EP 284 DI 10.3354/meps330269 PG 16 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 139II UT WOS:000244425100024 ER PT J AU Labenia, JS Baldwin, DH French, BL Davis, JW Scholz, NL AF Labenia, Jana S. Baldwin, David H. French, Barbara L. Davis, Jay W. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Behavioral impairment and increased predation mortality in cutthroat trout exposed to carbaryl SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE pesticide; behavioral avoidance; carbamate; acetylcholinesterase; olfaction; predation; trout; estuary ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; CHINOOK SALMON; COHO SALMON; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; BURROWING SHRIMP; RAINBOW-TROUT; PESTICIDE; AVOIDANCE; COPPER AB Willapa Bay is a coastal estuary in Washington State that provides seasonal rearing habitat for anadromous cutthroat trout Oncorhynchus clarki clarki. Cutthroat trout forage throughout the estuary in the summer months when carbaryl, a carbamate insecticide, is applied to oyster beds via aerial spraying and other application methods to control burrowing shrimp populations. The insecticide interferes with normal nervous system function in trout via the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that regulates neurotransmitter-mediated signaling at synapses. In the present study, we show that the olfactory system of trout is unresponsive to carbaryl, and that trout do not avoid seawater containing the pesticide at environmentally representative concentrations. Short-term (6 h) carbaryl exposures significantly reduced acetylcholinesterase activity in both brain and muscle in a dose-dependent manner. Enzyme activity gradually recovered over 42 h following carbaryl exposure (6 h at 500 mu g l(-1)). In tests of swimming performance, trout were unable to orient to directional flow and swim effectively at exposure concentrations >= 750 mu g l(-1). Finally, we determined rates of predation by lingcod Ophiodon elongatus on carbaryl-exposed and unexposed trout. Exposed animals were consumed by predators at significantly higher rates at concentrations >= 500 mu g l(-1). We conclude that cutthroat trout are unlikely to avoid carbaryl-contaminated seawater, and that estuarine applications are likely to cause neurobehavioral impairments in trout that may increase individual mortality due to predation. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. RP Scholz, NL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM nathaniel.scholz@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 NR 33 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 11 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 329 BP 1 EP 11 DI 10.3354/meps329001 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 151VU UT WOS:000245319700001 ER PT J AU Decker, MB Brown, CW Hood, RR Purcell, JE Gross, TF Matanoski, JC Bannon, RO Setzler-Hamilton, EM AF Decker, M. B. Brown, C. W. Hood, R. R. Purcell, J. E. Gross, T. F. Matanoski, J. C. Bannon, R. O. Setzler-Hamilton, E. M. TI Predicting the distribution of the scyphomedusa Chrysaora quinquecirrha in Chesapeake Bay SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE gelatinous zooplankton; scyphozoa; jellyfish; temperature; salinity; climate; predictive model; forecasting; nowcasting ID SEA NETTLE; GELATINOUS ZOOPLANKTON; MNEMIOPSIS-LEIDYI; AURELIA-AURITA; PREDATION; CLIMATE; CTENOPHORES; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; BLOOMS AB Jellyfish blooms are important events controlling plankton dynamics in coastal waters worldwide, yet factors that influence bloom development are not well understood. We used the scyphomedusa Chrysaora quinquecirrha as a model to examine physical factors that control jellyfish populations and to develop an ecological forecasting system. Over 700 in situ observations collected from Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries during 1987-2000 were used to develop habitat models that predict the probability of occurrence and the likely concentration of medusae as a function of sea-surface temperature and salinity. Medusae were found within a relatively narrow range of temperature (26 to 30 C) and salinity (10 to 16). Regression analyses reveal that a combination of temperature and salinity is a significant predictor of medusa occurrence. Assessments of the predictive performance of these models using medusae and environmental data collected at independent survey sites (n = 354) indicated that model-predicted medusa occurrence and concentration correspond well with observations. Our models can be forced with near-real time and retrospective estimates of temperature and salinity to generate probability of occurrence maps of C. quinquecirrha medusa presence and abundance in order to better understand how this top predator varies in space and time, and how this species could potentially affect energy flow through the Chesapeake Bay system. C1 Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. Univ Maryland, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Horn Point Environm Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA USA. Chesapeake Bay Res Cosortium, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. New Mexico State, Alamogordo, NM 88310 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Decker, MB (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. EM marybeth.decker@yale.edu RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008; Purcell, Jennifer/E-9991-2011; hood, raleigh/F-9364-2013 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391; NR 49 TC 46 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 30 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 329 BP 99 EP 113 DI 10.3354/meps329099 PG 15 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 151VU UT WOS:000245319700008 ER PT J AU Neer, JA Rose, KA Cortes, E AF Neer, Julie A. Rose, Kenneth A. Cortes, Enric TI Simulating the effects of temperature on individual and population growth of Rhinoptera bonasus: a coupled bioenergetics and matrix modeling approach SO MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES LA English DT Article DE cownose ray; bioenergetics; matrix model; population dynamics; global climate change; movement ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LIFE-HISTORY; CARCHARHINUS-PLUMBEUS; DEMOGRAPHIC-ANALYSIS; SANDBAR SHARK; COWNOSE RAY; MYLIOBATIS-CALIFORNICA; CHESAPEAKE BAY; TOMALES BAY; FISH AB Cownose rays Rhinoptera bonasus typify the K-selected life history strategy that makes their population dynamics susceptible to variation in natural and anthropogenic factors. We used an individual-based bioenergetics model, coupled to a matrix projection model, to predict how water temperatures warmer and cooler than current conditions would affect the individual growth and the population dynamics of cownose rays. The bioenergetics model simulated the daily growth, survival, and reproductive output of a cohort of female individuals from birth over their lifetime. Warmer and cooler temperature scenarios under alternative assumptions about ray movement were simulated. Under warmer conditions, daily consumption rate would have to increase by about 12 % or weights-at-age would decrease by 10 to 17 %, while under cooler conditions, daily consumption would have to decrease by about 14% or weights-at-age would increase by about 15%. Slowed individual growth under warmer water temperatures translated into slowed population growth rate, decreased net reproductive rate, longer generation time, and higher but delayed age-specific reproductive values. For example, under the scenario that resulted in the slowest individual growth rates, the population growth rate would decrease from 0.027 to 0.005 yr(-1). Population growth rates were more sensitive to variation in survival rates, especially those of mature age-classes, than to fertility rates. Our coupling of an individual-based bioenergetics model with a matrix projection model offers a potentially powerful approach for relating how, with limited to moderate information, changes in environmental variables and habitat that affect individual growth can be expressed as population-level responses. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Sci & Coastal Fisheries Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Neer, JA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM julie.neer@noaa.gov RI Cortes, Enric/H-2700-2013 NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 12 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0171-8630 EI 1616-1599 J9 MAR ECOL PROG SER JI Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. PY 2007 VL 329 BP 211 EP 223 DI 10.3354/meps329211 PG 13 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 151VU UT WOS:000245319700018 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Edwards, EF AF Noren, Shawn R. Edwards, Elizabeth F. TI Physiological and behavioral development in delphinid calves: Implications for calf separation and mortality due to tuna purse-seine sets SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE dolphin; calf; physiology; behavior; ontogeny; ETP; tuna purse-seine fishery; mortality; Stenella attenuata; Stenella longirostris ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; PANTROPICAL SPOTTED DOLPHINS; STENELLA-ATTENUATA; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; LOCOMOTOR MUSCLE; DIVE DURATION; LIFE-HISTORY; CETACEANS; MOTHER AB Tuna purse-seiners in the eastern tropical Pacific (ETP) capture yellowfin tuna by chasing and encircling herds of associated dolphins. This fishery has caused mortality in 14 dolphin species (20 stocks) and has led to significant depletions of at least three stocks. Although observed dolphin mortality is currently low, set frequency remains high and dolphin stocks are not recovering at expected rates. Mortality of nursing calves permanently separated from their mothers during fishery operations may be an important factor in the lack of population recovery, based on the recent discovery that calves do not accompany 75%-95% of lactating females killed in the purse-seine nets. We assessed age-specific potential for mother-calf separations and subsequent mortality of calves by reviewing and synthesizing published data on physiological and behavioral development in delphinids from birth through 3 yr postpartum. Results indicate that evasive behavior of mothers, coupled with the developmental state of calves, provides a plausible mechanism for set-related mother-calf separations and subsequent mortality of calves. Potential for set-related separation and subsequent mortality is highest for 0-12-mo-old dolphins and becomes progressively lower with age as immature dolphins approach adult stamina and attain independence. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Noren, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM shawn.noren@noaa.gov NR 94 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 15 EP 29 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00083.x PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 123OP UT WOS:000243305500002 ER PT J AU Taylor, BL Martinez, M Gerrodette, T Barlow, J Hrovat, YN AF Taylor, Barbara L. Martinez, Melissa Gerrodette, Tim Barlow, Jay Hrovat, Yvana N. TI Lessons from monitoring trends in abundance of marine mammals SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE decision analysis; marine mammals; monitoring; trends; trends in abundance; statistical power ID PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; GULF-OF-MEXICO; HARBOR SEALS; DETECTING TRENDS; HUMPBACK WHALES; AERIAL SURVEYS; INTRASPECIFIC STRUCTURE; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; CETACEAN ABUNDANCE AB We assessed scientists' ability to detect declines of marine mammal stocks based on recent levels of survey effort, when the actual decline is precipitous. We defined a precipitous decline as a 50% decrease in abundance in 15 yr, at which point a stock could be legally classified as "depleted" under the U.S. Marine Mammal Protection Act. We assessed stocks for three categories of cetaceans: large whales (n = 23, most of which are listed as endangered), beaked whales (n = 11, potentially vulnerable to anthropogenic noise), and small whales/dolphins/porpoises (n = 69, bycatch in fisheries and important abundant predators), for two categories of pinnipeds with substantially different survey precision: counted on land (n = 13) and surveyed on ice (n = 5), and for a category containing polar bear and sea otter stocks (n = 6). The percentage of precipitous declines that would not be detected as declines was 72% for large whales, 90% for beaked whales, and 78% for dolphins/porpoises, 5% for pinnipeds on land, 100% for pinnipeds on ice, and 55% for polar bears/sea otters (based on a one-tailed t-test, alpha = 0.05), given the frequency and precision of recent monitoring effort. We recommend alternatives to improve performance. C1 NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Donald Bren Sch Environm Sci & Management, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Taylor, BL (reprint author), NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM barbara.taylor@noaa.gov NR 96 TC 96 Z9 103 U1 3 U2 51 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0824-0469 EI 1748-7692 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 157 EP 175 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00092.x PG 19 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 123OP UT WOS:000243305500011 ER PT J AU Moore, SE Lien, RC AF Moore, Sue E. Lien, Ren-Chieh TI Pilot whales follow internal solitary waves in the South China Sea SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article C1 Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Moore, SE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM sue.moore@noaa.gov NR 9 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2006.00086.x PG 4 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 123OP UT WOS:000243305500014 ER PT J AU Herrick, SF Norton, JG Mason, JE Bessey, C AF Herrick, Samuel. F., Jr. Norton, Jerrold. G. Mason, Janet E. Bessey, Cindy TI Management application of an empirical model of sardine-climate regime shifts SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE Pacific sardine; sardine-climate regime; transboundary management ID LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; CALIFORNIA SARDINE; PACIFIC SARDINE; ENVIRONMENTAL-INFLUENCES; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; EL-NINO; OCEAN; SAGAX; ANCHOVY; FLUCTUATIONS AB In previous work, we show that accumulated anomalies of physical indices are proportional to California sardine landings and that the accumulated anomaly curves change the sign of their slope, showing maxima (minima) when climate is favorable (unfavorable) to successful completion of the sardine life cycle change. Here, we find unique time series characteristics of the periods when the climate changed for sardines in the 1930-2004 period. Only one 50-70 year cycle is examined but the consistency of the dominant signals in measurements taken independently within the sardine's environment at locations separated by thousands of kilometers, supports the argument that the events affecting the ocean-climate of the California Current region and consequently sardine life-cycle are large-scale and persist over multi-decadal periods. Year-to-year monitoring of the climate regime-state in the physical environment and its accumulating effects on sardine populations is also described. The ability to analyze climate shifts and monitor their effects on the sardine populations can reduce uncertainty in making resource management, social and business decisions. Possible effects of management decisions affecting transboundary fisheries issues within United States (US) and between the US and its Pacific neighbors are clarified. The methods presented will add an analysis of low-frequency events to the current management oriented analyses of interannual events, which are part of the existing Pacific Fishery Management Council sardine management plan. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Pacific Fisheries Environm Lab, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Herrick, SF (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Sam.Herrick@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 31 IS 1 BP 71 EP 80 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2006.05.005 PG 10 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 095KN UT WOS:000241306700007 ER PT J AU Cooksey, C Hyland, J AF Cooksey, Cynthia Hyland, Jeff TI Sediment quality of the Lower St. Johns River, Florida: An integrative assessment of benthic fauna, sediment-associated stressors, and general habitat characteristics SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE benthos; sediment quality; porewater ammonia and sulfide; chemical contamination; St. Johns River Florida ID ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; SOUTHEASTERN US; SOUTH-CAROLINA; GUIDELINES; CONTAMINATION; TOXICITY; HYPOXIA AB Sediment quality of the lower St. Johns River (LSJR) estuary, Florida was evaluated using synoptic data on benthic community structure, levels of potential stressors (chemical contaminants, ammonia and sulfide), and other basic habitat characteristics (depth, dissolved oxygen, salinity, temperature) collected at seven stations, three times a year from July 2000-July 2002. Un-ionized ammonia and hydrogen sulfide were detected at toxic levels on at least one sampling occasion at four stations. Chemical contamination of sediment at probable bioeffect levels also was observed at four stations. Concentrations of pesticides or other chemical substances typically associated with human activities (e.g., PCBs) were detectable at all stations, though not always present at concentrations likely of causing significant bioeffects. A total of 251 taxa and 9783 individuals were identified and enumerated from the benthic infaunal samples. Polychaete worms and molluscs dominated the benthic fauna at all seven stations. The opportunistic and pollution-tolerant polychaete Streblospio benedicti was the most abundant species overall (from all samples combined), appearing as a dominant at five of the seven stations. Overall, the sites sampled as part of this study indicate a highly stressed benthos resulting from multiple anthropogenic impacts. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Cooksey, C (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM cynthia.cooksey@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 54 IS 1 BP 9 EP 21 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2006.09.007 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 136FR UT WOS:000244208500011 PM 17070854 ER PT J AU Terry, JM AF Terry, Joseph M. TI An assessment of the use of capacity analysis in US federal fishery management SO MARINE RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th Biennial Conference of the International-Institute-of-Fisheries-Economics-and-Trade CY JUL 11-14, 2006 CL Portsmouth, ENGLAND SP Inter Inst Fisheries Econ & Trade DE fishing capacity; overcapacity; fishery management C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Terry, JM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM joe.terry@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU MRE FOUNDATION, INC PI KINGSTON PA PO BOX 1828, KINGSTON, RI 02881 USA SN 0738-1360 J9 MAR RESOUR ECON JI Mar. Resour. Econ. PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 99 EP 103 PG 5 WC Economics; Environmental Studies; Fisheries SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA 272BH UT WOS:000253832100011 ER PT S AU Read, D Geiss, R Alers, G AF Read, David Geiss, Roy Alers, Glenn BE Lin, Q Ryan, ET Wu, W Yoon, DY TI Study of fatigue behavior of 300 nm damascene interconnect using high amplitude AC tests SO Materials, Processes, Integration and Reliability in Advanced Interconnects for Micro- and Nanoelectronics SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials, Processes, Integration and Reliability in Advanced Interconnects for Micro- and Nanoelectronics CY APR 10-12, 2007 CL San Francisco, CA SP Mat Res Soc ID STRESS AB The AC fatigue test technique, which uses cyclic joule heating to apply thermal cycles to thin-film structures, was applied to copper lines and vias in damascene dielectric structures on silicon substrates. Specimen chips with two different types of dielectric, oxide and low-k, were tested. The lines were 300 nm wide; various via widths were tested. At 100 Hz, cyclic temperature ranges from 400 to 900 degrees C produced line lifetimes between 10 and 1 million seconds. Similar lifetimes were reached in the vias for temperature ranges between 100 and 500 degrees C. When the data were plotted either as number of load reversals to failure or as lifetime against cyclic temperature range, the trends for the two different types of dielectric were indistinguishable. The temperature values at the one-reversal intercept for both types of dielectric were above 1000 degrees C. The via data were more scattered, but trended toward a lower intercept temperature. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Read, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-950-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2007 VL 990 BP 121 EP 126 PG 6 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BGT61 UT WOS:000250426800020 ER PT B AU Yang, GL Coakley, KJ AF Yang, Grace L. Coakley, Kevin J. BE Aletti, G Burger, M Micheletti, A Morale, D TI Stochastic modeling and estimation in a neutron lifetime experiment SO MATH EVERYWHERE: DETERMINISTIC AND STOCHASTIC MODELLING IN BIOMEDICINE, ECONOMICS AND INDUSTRY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Math Everywhere - Deterministic and Stockastic Modelling in Biomedicine, Economics and Industry CY SEP 04-06, 2005 CL Milan, ITALY ID LIKELIHOOD AB A team of researchers demonstrated at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Cold Neutron Research Facility for the first time that ultra cold neutrons can be confined in a magnetic trap filled with liquid helium, see [6]. This technical breakthrough allows a more accurate measurement of the neutron lifetime and helps to answer questions fundamental to physics and astrophysics. Since the demonstration, an experimental protocol for data collection and statistical analysis has been under development. The experiment is composed of two stages. In the first stage, ultra cold neutrons are generated and confined in the magnetic trap. In the second stage, decays of the trapped neutrons are recorded. During the first stage, nothing is observable. We do not know the number of neutrons available from the first stage for decay recording during the second stage. Furthermore, neutron lifetimes are only partially observable and are subject to contamination due to the presence of background events. In this presentation, we give an overview of stochastic modeling of lifetime data from such experiment and statistical estimation of mean neutron lifetime. We model a neutron lifetime by a birth and death process. Models are used to account for missing or incomplete lifetimes and background contamination, and thereby correcting biases in the estimation of the mean neutron lifetime. Our statistical approach unifies many of the existing statistical methods used for studying radioactive decay processes. See, e.g. [3]; [4]. The problem of lifetime estimation is extensively studied in the survival analysis of patients in biostatistics in which lifetime data are subject to censoring, truncation and length-biased (cross-sectional) sampling. In the context of renewal processes, Feller [2] called length-bias a renewal paradox. Neutron lifetime data are subject to similar sampling constraints. However, distinct characteristics of neutrons bring out some statistical problems that rarely encountered in the survival analysis about which we shall discuss. C1 [Yang, Grace L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Coakley, Kevin J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yang, GL (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Math, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM gly@math.und.edu; kevin.coakley@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation FX The research of Grace L. Yang is partially supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation. Contributions to this work by staff of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, an agency of the US Government, are not subject to copyright laws. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-3-540-44445-9 PY 2007 BP 141 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-44446-6_12 PG 2 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA BFT17 UT WOS:000244482100011 ER PT S AU Gruber, A Rudolf, B Morrissey, MM Kurino, T Janowiak, J Ferraro, R Francis, R Chang, A Adler, RF AF Gruber, Arnold Rudolf, Bruno Morrissey, Mark M. Kurino, Toshiyuki Janowiak, John Ferraro, Ralph Francis, Richard Chang, Albert Adler, Robert F. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI THE GLOBAL PRECIPITATION CLIMATOLOGY PROJECT SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DATASET; RETRIEVAL C1 [Ferraro, Ralph] NESDIS, Satellite Climate Studies Branch, CoRP, NOAA,STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Morrissey, Mark M.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Coll Atmospher & Geog Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Kurino, Toshiyuki] JMA, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Janowiak, John] NWS, NOAA, NCEP, CPC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Francis, Richard] EUMETSAT, Darmstadt, Germany. [Adler, Robert F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rudolf, Bruno] DWD, D-63004 Offenbach, Germany. [Francis, Richard] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Gruber, Arnold] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gruber, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, CICS, 2207 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 25 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_3 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000003 ER PT S AU Arkin, PA Cullen, HM Xie, PP AF Arkin, Phillip A. Cullen, Heidi M. Xie, Pingping BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI OCEANIC PRECIPITATION VARIABILITY AND THE NORTH ATLANTIC OSCILLATION SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; TEMPERATURES; CLIMATE C1 [Arkin, Phillip A.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Cullen, Heidi M.] Weather Channel, Atlanta, GA 30339 USA. [Xie, Pingping] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Arkin, Phillip A.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Arkin, PA (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC, 2207 Comp & Space Sci Bldg, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 37 EP 47 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_4 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000004 ER PT S AU Ferraro, RR AF Ferraro, Ralph R. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF MICROWAVE OPERATIONAL RAINFALL ALGORITHMS SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SOUNDING UNIT; CLASSIFICATION; PROGRAM; OCEANS; IMAGER; SSM/I; CLOUD C1 [Ferraro, Ralph R.] Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Satellite Climate Studies Branch, CoRP, NOAA,STAR, College Pk, MD USA. [Ferraro, Ralph R.] Univ Maryland, CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ferraro, RR (reprint author), Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Satellite Climate Studies Branch, CoRP, NOAA,STAR, College Pk, MD USA. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 189 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_15 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000015 ER PT S AU Joyce, RJ Janowiak, JE Xie, PP Arkin, PA AF Joyce, Robert J. Janowiak, John E. Xie, Pingping Arkin, Phillip A. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI CPC MORPHING TECHNIQUE (CMORPH) SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE; PRECIPITATION; RAINFALL; RESOLUTION; SATELLITE; SYSTEM; CLOUD C1 [Joyce, Robert J.; Janowiak, John E.; Xie, Pingping] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr CPC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Arkin, Phillip A.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Arkin, Phillip A.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Joyce, RJ (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr CPC, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 307 EP 317 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_24 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000024 ER PT S AU Xie, PP Arkin, PA Janowiak, JE AF Xie, Pingping Arkin, Phillip A. Janowiak, John E. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI CMAP: THE CPC MERGED ANALYSIS OF PRECIPITATION SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; RAINFALL; PROJECT; CLIMATOLOGIES C1 [Xie, Pingping; Janowiak, John E.] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Arkin, Phillip A.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Arkin, Phillip A.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Xie, PP (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 319 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_25 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000025 ER PT S AU Janowiak, J AF Janowiak, John BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI VALIDATION OF RAINFALL ALGORITHMS AT THE NOAA CLIMATE PREDICTION CENTER SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TROPICAL RAINFALL; SATELLITE C1 NOAA, NWS, NCEP, CPC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Janowiak, J (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, CPC, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_31 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000031 ER PT S AU Scofield, RA Kuligowski, RJ AF Scofield, Roderick A. Kuligowski, Robert J. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI SATELLITE PRECIPITATION ALGORITHMS FOR EXTREME PRECIPITATION EVENTS SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RAINFALL ALGORITHM; CLOUDS; WINDOW C1 [Kuligowski, Robert J.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NR 37 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 485 EP 495 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_38 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000038 ER PT S AU Liu, Z Rui, HL Teng, WL Chiu, LS Leptoukh, G Vicente, GA AF Liu, Zhong Rui, Hualan Teng, William L. Chiu, Long S. Leptoukh, Gregory Vicente, Gilberto A. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI ONLINE VISUALIZATION AND ANALYSIS: A NEW AVENUE TO USE SATELLITE DATA FOR WEATHER, CLIMATE, AND INTERDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE TRMM; precipitation; rainfall; remote sensing; visualization; rainfall analysis; flood; drought; crop monitoring; crop forecast; satellite measurement; rainfall climatology; rainfall image; ASCII rainfall data; rainfall; rain rate AB This article describes a new avenue to use satellite data for weather, climate and interdisciplinary research and applications: the TRMM Online Visualization and Analysis System (TOVAS). The system description, application examples, as well as future plans are given. C1 [Liu, Zhong; Chiu, Long S.; Leptoukh, Gregory; Vicente, Gilberto A.] George Mason Univ, CEOSR, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rui, Hualan; Teng, William L.] SSAI, Lanham, MD USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Distributed Act Arch Ctr, GSFC Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Liu, Zhong; Rui, Hualan; Teng, William L.; Chiu, Long S.; Leptoukh, Gregory] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Distributed Act Arch Ctr, Earth Sci Data & Informat Serv Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Vicente, Gilberto A.] WWB, Prod Implementat Branch PIB, NOAA NESDIS SSD, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Liu, Z (reprint author), George Mason Univ, CEOSR, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 11 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 549 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_43 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000043 ER PT S AU Menzel, WP AF Menzel, W. Paul BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI THE EVOLUTION OF THE NOAA SATELLITE PLATFORMS SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE NOAA; NESDIS; NPOESS; satellite; polar; geostationary AB The history and upcoming changes to the constellation of satellites operated by the National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are described. C1 [Menzel, W. Paul] NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Menzel, W. Paul] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Menzel, WP (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 587 EP 600 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_46 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000046 ER PT S AU Smith, EA Asrar, G Furuhama, Y Ginati, A Mugnai, A Nakamura, K Adler, RF Chou, MD Desbois, M Durning, JF Entin, JK Einaudi, F Ferraro, RR Guzzi, R Houser, PR Hwang, PH Iguchi, T Joe, P Kakar, R Kaye, JA Kojima, M Kummerow, C Kuo, KS Lettenmaier, DP Levizzani, V Lu, NM Mehta, AV Morales, C Morel, P Nakazawa, T Neeck, SP Okamoto, K Oki, R Raju, G Shepherd, JM Simpson, J Sohn, BJ Stocker, EF Tao, WK Testud, J Tripoli, GJ Wood, EF Yang, S Zhang, WJ AF Smith, Eric A. Asrar, Ghassem Furuhama, Yoji Ginati, Amnon Mugnai, Alberto Nakamura, Kenji Adler, Robert F. Chou, Ming-Dah Desbois, Michel Durning, John F. Entin, Jared K. Einaudi, Franco Ferraro, Ralph R. Guzzi, Rodolfo Houser, Paul R. Hwang, Paul H. Iguchi, Toshio Joe, Paul Kakar, Ramesh Kaye, Jack A. Kojima, Masahiro Kummerow, Christian Kuo, Kwo-Sen Lettenmaier, Dennis P. Levizzani, Vincenzo Lu, Naimeng Mehta, Amita V. Morales, Carlos Morel, Pierre Nakazawa, Tetsuo Neeck, Steven P. Okamoto, Ken'ichi Oki, Riko Raju, Garudachar Shepherd, J. Marshall Simpson, Joanne Sohn, Byung-Ju Stocker, Eric F. Tao, Wei-Kuo Testud, Jacques Tripoli, Gregory J. Wood, Eric F. Yang, Song Zhang, Wenjian BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL PRECIPITATION MEASUREMENT (GPM) PROGRAM AND MISSION: AN OVERVIEW SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE NASA; JAXA; GPM; DPR; TRMM; precipitation; water; climate; forecasting; hydrology ID RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION; PASSIVE MICROWAVE SENSORS; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; PROFILING ALGORITHM; TRMM; CLIMATE; RADAR; WATER; SYSTEM; RETRIEVAL AB The purpose of the International Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Program is to develop a next-generation space-based measuring system which can fulfill the requirements for frequent, global, and accurate precipitation measurements. The associated GPM Mission is being developed as an international collaboration of space agencies, weather and hydrometeorological forecast services, research institutions, and individual scientists. The design and development of the GPM Mission is an outgrowth of valuable knowledge and published findings enabled by the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM). From the TRMM experience, it was recognized that the GPM Mission must consist of a mixed nonsunsynchronous and sunsynchronous orbiting satellite constellation in order to have the capability to provide physically based retrievals on a global basis, with similar to 3-h sampling assured at any given Earth coordinate similar to 90% of the time. The heart of the GPM constellation is the Core satellite, under joint development by NASA and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), which will carry a dual frequency Ku/Ka-band precipitation radar (PR) and a high-resolution, multichannel passive microwave (PMW) rain radiometer. The core is required to serve as the calibration reference system and the fundamental microphysics probe to enable an integrated measuring system made up of additional constellation-support satellites, each carrying at a minimum some type of PMW radiometer. In this article the background, planning, design, and implementation of the GPM is described. C1 [Smith, Eric A.; Adler, Robert F.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Einaudi, Franco] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sun Explorat Div, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Hwang, Paul H.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Precipitat Measurement GPM Project, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Asrar, Ghassem; Entin, Jared K.; Kakar, Ramesh; Kaye, Jack A.; Neeck, Steven P.] NASA Headquarters, Div Sci, Washington, DC 20546 USA. [Furuhama, Yoji] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy, Tokyo, Japan. [Furuhama, Yoji; Kojima, Masahiro] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Tsukuba Space Ctr, Off Space Applicat, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058505, Japan. [Ginati, Amnon] European Space Agcy, European Space Res & Technol Ctr, NL-2200 AG Noordwijk, Netherlands. [Mugnai, Alberto] CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Nakamura, Kenji] Nagoya Univ, Inst Hydrol & Atmospher Sci, Hydrospher Atmospher Res Ctr HYARC, Chikusa Ku, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Chou, Ming-Dah] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Desbois, Michel] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, Meteorol Dynam Lab, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Ferraro, Ralph R.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Guzzi, Rodolfo] Osservaz Terra, Agenzia Spaziale Italiana, I-00198 Rome, Italy. [Houser, Paul R.] George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Iguchi, Toshio] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Appl Res & Stand Dept, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Joe, Paul] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Kummerow, Christian] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Kuo, Kwo-Sen] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Caelum Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lettenmaier, Dennis P.] Univ Washington, Dept Hydrol, Wilson Ceram Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Levizzani, Vincenzo] CNR, Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Lu, Naimeng] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meteorol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Mehta, Amita V.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, JCET UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Morales, Carlos] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Atmospher Sci, Inst Astron Geofis & Ciencias Atmosfer, BR-05508090 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Morel, Pierre] Univ Paris, F-75252 Paris, France. [Nakazawa, Tetsuo] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Meteorol Res Inst, Tokyo, Japan. [Okamoto, Ken'ichi] Osaka Prefecture Univ, Dept Aerosp Engn, Osaka 5998531, Japan. [Oki, Riko] Japan Aerosp Explorat Agcy JAXA, Earth Observat Res & applicat Ctr EORC, Chuo Ku, Tokyo 1046023, Japan. [Raju, Garudachar] Indian Space Res Org, Bangalore 560094, Karnataka, India. [Sohn, Byung-Ju] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Testud, Jacques] Novel Initiat Meteorol & Environm Technol, Velizy Villacoublay, France. [Tripoli, Gregory J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wood, Eric F.] Princeton Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Yang, Song] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, GMU, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Zhang, Wenjian] China Meteorol Adm, Dept Observat & Telecommun, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] George Mason Univ, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Testud, Jacques] NOVIMET SA, F-78140 Velizy Villacoublay, France. [Nakazawa, Tetsuo] Japan Meteorol Agcy JMA, Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050052, Japan. [Joe, Paul] Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Houser, Paul R.] Ctr Res Environm & Water CREW, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Houser, Paul R.] George Mason Univ, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Ferraro, Ralph R.] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies CICS, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ferraro, Ralph R.] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Cooperat Res Programs CoRP, Satellite Climate Studies Branch, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Smith, EA (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI Levizzani, Vincenzo/A-9070-2013; Houser, Paul/J-9515-2013 OI Levizzani, Vincenzo/0000-0002-7620-5235; Houser, Paul/0000-0002-2991-0441 NR 82 TC 70 Z9 74 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 611 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_48 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 45 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000048 ER PT S AU Bizzarri, B Gasiewski, AJ Staelin, DH AF Bizzarri, Bizzarro Gasiewski, Albin J. Staelin, David H. BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI OBSERVING RAIN BY MILLIMETRE-SUBMILLIMETRE WAVE SOUNDING FROM GEOSTATIONARY ORBIT SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Precipitation; geostationary; millimetre; sounding; GOMAS; GEM ID WATER-VAPOR; PRECIPITATION; MICROWAVE; SENSITIVITY; CHANNELS; CLOUDS; GHZ AB A satellite sensor for estimating precipitation from sensors onboard geostationary orbits is described. The system relies upon the use of higher frequencies, in the submillimetre wavelength range, where antenna diameters can be more practical The principle is illustrated using temperature soundings at two distinct oxygen bands separated by approximately one octave. A proposed instrument is described, the Geostationary Observatory for Microwave Atmospheric Sounding (GOMAS), based on a 3-m diameter mechanically scanned antenna. C1 [Bizzarri, Bizzarro] CNR, ISAC, I-00133 Rome, Italy. [Gasiewski, Albin J.] NOAA, ETL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Staelin, David H.] MIT, Elect Res Lab, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Bizzarri, B (reprint author), CNR, ISAC, Via Fosso Cavaliere 100, I-00133 Rome, Italy. NR 18 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 675 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_50 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 20 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000050 ER PT S AU Levizzani, V Gruber, A AF Levizzani, Vincenzo Gruber, Arnold BE Levizzani, V Bauer, P Turk, FJ TI THE INTERNATIONAL PRECIPITATION WORKING GROUP: A BRIDGE TOWARDS OPERATIONAL APPLICATIONS SO MEASURING PRECIPITATION FROM SPACE: EURAINSAT AND THE FUTURE SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Rainfall; weather forecasts AB The International Precipitation Working Group (IPWG) was established in 2001 as a scientific-technical group co-sponsored by the Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites (CGMS) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO). It is established to foster the development of better measurements, and improvement of their utilization, the improvement of scientific understanding, and the development of international partnerships. The IPWG has a worldwide partnership among operational bodies and research institutions, and aims towards a wider and improved use of satellite-derived rainfall products by operational organizations. C1 [Levizzani, Vincenzo] Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, Consiglio Nazl Ric, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. [Gruber, Arnold] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, College Pk, MD USA. [Gruber, Arnold] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies CICS, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Levizzani, V (reprint author), Ist Sci Atmosfera & Clima, Consiglio Nazl Ric, Via Gobetti 101, I-40129 Bologna, Italy. RI Levizzani, Vincenzo/A-9070-2013 OI Levizzani, Vincenzo/0000-0002-7620-5235 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-5835-6 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2007 VL 28 BP 705 EP 712 DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6_52 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-5835-6 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BLI08 UT WOS:000270224000052 ER PT S AU Keller, RR Barbosa, N Geiss, RH Read, DT AF Keller, R. R. Barbosa, N. Geiss, R. H. Read, D. T. BE Nam, SW Chang, YW Lee, SB Kim, NJ TI An electrical method for measuring fatigue and tensile properties of thin films on substrates SO MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF MATERIALS X, PTS 1AND 2 SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Mechanical Behavior of Materials CY MAY 27-31, 2007 CL Busan, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Inst Metals, Korean Soc Mech Engineers DE Basquin equation; electrical testing; fatigue; interconnect reliability; thermal cycling; thermal fatigue; thin-film fatigue; thin-film strength AB A novel approach for measuring thermal fatigue lifetime and ultimate strength of patterned thin films on substrates is presented. The method is based on controlled application of cyclic joule heating by means of low-frequency, high-density alternating current. Such conditions preclude electromigration, but cause cyclic strains due to mismatch in coefficients of thermal expansion between film and substrate. Strain and stress are determined from measurement of temperature. Fatigue properties are a natural fit to testing by alternating current. Stress-lifetime (S-N) data were obtained from patterned aluminum lines, where stress amplitude was varied by changing current density, and lifetimes were defined by open circuit failure. Electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction observations of damage induced by a.c. testing suggested that deformation took place by dislocation mechanisms. We also observed rapid growth of grains - the mean diameter increased by more than 70 % after a cycling time of less than six minutes - which we attribute to strain-induced boundary migration. Ultimate strength was determined by extrapolating a modified Basquin relation for high cycle data to a single load reversal. A strength estimate of 250 40 MPa was determined based on a.c. thermal fatigue data. In principle, an electrical approach allows for testing of patterned films of any dimension, provided electrical access is available. Furthermore, structures buried beneath other layers of materials can be tested. C1 [Keller, R. R.; Barbosa, N.; Geiss, R. H.; Read, D. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Keller, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bob.keller@nist.gov; barbosa@boulder.nist.gov; geiss@boulder.nist.gov; read@boulder.nist.gov RI Barbosa, Nicholas/D-8917-2012 FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs; National Research Council Post-Doctoral Associateship Program FX We thank the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs and the National Research Council Post-Doctoral Associateship Program for support. This work is a contribution of the U. S. Department of Commerce and is not subject to copyright in the U. S. A. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MATER PY 2007 VL 345-346 BP 1115 EP + PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science GA BGI97 UT WOS:000247370400263 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD AF Quinn, George D. BE Tandon, R TI FRACTURE TOUGHNESS OF CERAMICS BY THE VICKERS INDENTATION CRACK LENGTH METHOD: A CRITICAL REVIEW SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc, Engn Ceram Div ID PALMQVIST CRACK; LATERAL CRACKS; STANDARD AB Fracture toughness is an important property that characterizes a material's brittleness or resistance to fracture. Although some fracture toughness test methods have been refined and even standardized, many researchers have continued to use the Vickers indentation crack length method as an expedient. In this paper, Vickers indentation fracture resistance data for Standard Reference Material SRM 2100 are presented and the weak points of the method are reviewed. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 43 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08052-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 45 EP 62 PG 18 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BSM90 UT WOS:000284977900006 ER PT S AU Quinn, GD AF Quinn, George D. BE Tandon, R TI THE SEGMENTED CYLINDER FLEXURAL STRENGTH TEST SO MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND PERFORMANCE OF ENGINEERING CERAMICS AND COMPOSITES II SE Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 30th International Conference and Exposition on Advanced Ceramics and Composites CY JAN 22-27, 2006 CL Cocoa Beach, FL SP Amer Ceram Soc,Engn Ceram Div AB Weiler showed in 1987 that the strength of ceramic heat exchanger tubes could be evaluated by flexural strength tests of cylindrical segments or longitudinal slices cut from the tubes. In the present study, a similar approach has been applied to measure the strength of short solid ceramic cylinders. Large loads are normally needed to break these cylinders in flexure and there is a risk of contact stress problems at the loading points. A simple remedy is to cut the rods longitudinally into two halves and test each half. Split zirconia short rods were tested using a conventional bend fixture with simple modifications. Strengths were compared to those of solid round rod parts. Fracture origins were the same type in each case. The split cylinder or segmented cylinder method is a simple, practical, and effective way to measure flexural strength. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, GD (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CERAMIC SOC PI WESTERVILLE PA 735 CERAMIC PLACE, WESTERVILLE, OH 43081-8720 USA SN 0196-6219 BN 978-0-470-08052-8 J9 CERAM ENG SCI PROC PY 2007 VL 27 IS 2 BP 295 EP 305 PG 11 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Ceramics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BSM90 UT WOS:000284977900029 ER PT S AU Litorja, M Brown, S Nadal, M Allen, D Gorbach, A AF Litorja, Man'toni Brown, Steven Nadal, Maria Allen, David Gorbach, Alexander BE Jiang, Y Sahiner, B TI Development of surgical lighting for enhanced color contrast - art. no. 65150K SO Medical Imaging 2007: Image Perception, Observer Performance, and Technology Assessment SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Medical Imaging 2007 Conference CY FEB 18-20, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, Amer Assoc Physicists, Amer Physiol Soc, Comp Assisted Radiol & Surg, Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Med Image Percept Soc, Radiol Soc N Amer, Soc Imaging Informat Med, Soc Mole Imaging, DICOM Standards Comm DE hyperspectral imaging; spectrally tunable lighting; intraoperative applications ID IMAGING-SYSTEM AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology and the National Institutes of Health have started a collaborative study on the development of lighting that will provide enhanced, tissue-specific contrast with respect to its surroundings. In this paper we describe existing NIST technologies utilized for this project such as a computational model for color rendering and a new spectrally tunable lighting technology. We will also describe the calibration and validation procedure of a hyperspectral camera system. Finally, we show examples of imaged tissues under various lighting conditions. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Litorja, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6633-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6515 BP K5150 EP K5150 AR 65150K DI 10.1117/12.719424 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA BGJ28 UT WOS:000247398600017 ER PT J AU Devic, S Tomic, N Pang, ZY Seuntjens, J Podgorsak, EB Soares, CG AF Devic, Slobodan Tomic, Nada Pang, Zhiyu Seuntjens, Jan Podgorsak, Ervin B. Soares, Christopher G. TI Absorption spectroscopy of EBT model GAFCHROMIC (TM) film SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiochromic film dosimetry; absorption spectroscopy ID SENSITIVITY RADIOCHROMIC FILM; DOSIMETRY; RADIATION; DIGITIZERS AB The introduction of radiochromic films has solved some of the problems associated with conventional 2D radiation detectors. Their high spatial resolution, low energy dependence, and near-tissue equivalence make them ideal for measurement of dose distributions in radiation fields with high dose gradients. Precise knowledge of the absorption spectra of these detectors can help to develop more suitable optical densitometers and potentially extend the use of these films to other areas such as the measurement of the radiation beam spectral information. The goal of this study is to present results of absorption spectra measurements for the new GAFCHROMIC (TM) film, EBT type, exposed to 6 MV photon beam in the dose range from 0 to 6 Gy. Spectroscopic analysis reveals that in addition to the two main absorption peaks, centered at around 583 and 635 nm, the absorption spectrum in the spectral range from 350 to 800 nm contains six more absorption bands. Comparison of the absorption spectra reveals that previous HD-810, MD-55, as well as HS GAFCHROMIC (TM) film models, have nearly the same sensitive layer base material, whereas the new EBT model, GAFCHROMIC (TM) film has a different composition of its sensitive layer. We have found that the two most prominent absorption bands in EBT model radiochromic film do not change their central wavelength position with change in a dose deposited to the film samples. (c) 2007 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Dept Med Phys, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Devic, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, Ctr Hlth, Dept Med Phys, Montreal, PQ H3G 1A4, Canada. EM devic@medphys.mcgill.ca NR 14 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 34 IS 1 BP 112 EP 118 DI 10.1118/1.2400615 PG 7 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 127GW UT WOS:000243574500013 PM 17278496 ER PT J AU Rognvaldsson, O Olafsson, JWBH AF Roegnvaldsson, Olafur Olafsson, Jian-Wen Bao Haraldur TI Sensitivity simulations of orographic precipitation with MM5 and comparison with observations in Iceland during the Reykjanes Experiment SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID BULK MICROPHYSICAL SENSITIVITIES; PART I; MODEL; RESOLUTION; EVENT; PARAMETERIZATION; TOPOGRAPHY; DIFFUSION; TERRAIN; IMPACT AB This paper presents a study of the sensitivity of numerically simulated precipitation across a mesoscale mountain range to horizontal resolution, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectrum, initiation of cloud ice, numerical treatment of horizontal diffusion and initial and boundary conditions. The fifth generation Penn State/National Center for Atmospheric Research (PSU/NCAR) Mesoscale Model (MM5) is used in the study, in which the model is run at 8, 4 and 2 km horizontal resolutions and with a number of microphysical and numerical configurations. The model simulated precipitation is compared to the observed precipitation over the Reykjanes mountain ridge during the Reykjanes Experiment in Southwest Iceland in the autumn of 2002. Improvements in representation in topography at increasing horizontal resolutions yield large improvements in the accuracy of the simulated precipitation. At 8 km horizontal resolution the simulated maximum precipitation is too low, but the simulated precipitation upstream of the mountains is too high. The absolute values and the pattern of the precipitation field improve stepwise when going from horizontal resolutions of 8 km to 2 km, with the main contribution being when going from 8 km to 4 km. Calculations of diffusion and ice initiation do not seem to have a large impact on the simulated precipitation, which is on the other hand quite sensitive to the CCN spectrum. The simulations underestimate the precipitation over the downstream slopes of the mountain ridge by factors of 2-3. There are indications that this underestimation may be associated with a systematic overestimation of downslope winds, and possibly descending motion, by the model. C1 Meteorol Res Inst, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland. Iceland Meteorol Off, Reykjavik, Iceland. RP Rognvaldsson, O (reprint author), Meteorol Res Inst, Orkugarour Grensasvegur 9, IS-108 Reykjavik, Iceland. EM or@os.is NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1 BP 87 EP 98 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2007/0181 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 191LL UT WOS:000248132600010 ER PT J AU Emeis, S Harris, M Banta, RM AF Emeis, Stefan Harris, Michael Banta, Robert M. TI Boundary-layer anemometry by optical remote sensing for Wind energy applications SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL JET; MOUNTAIN BASIN COMPLEX; 2-MU-M DOPPLER LIDAR; SOUTH FOHN EVENT; RHINE VALLEY; INTERMITTENT TURBULENCE; DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION; FRONT RANGE; GAP FLOW; CASES-99 AB The effective use of wind energy requires precise wind speed measurements. However, there is a risk that existing in-situ techniques with cup anemometers mounted on masts will exceed mechanical and financial limits at future hub heights. Ground-based optical remote sensing methods that measure the vertical profile of wind speed up to several hundred metres height may be a solution to these problems. This review paper will discuss the basic principles of anemometry by remote sensing and will present some optical methods in more detail. C1 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Fraunhofer Inst Atmosphar Umweltforsch, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. QinetiQ, Malvern, Worcs, England. NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Emeis, S (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Inst Meteorol & Klimaforsch, Fraunhofer Inst Atmosphar Umweltforsch, Kreuzeckbahn Str 19, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. EM stefan.emeis@imk.fzk.de RI Emeis, Stefan/B-6205-2008; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Emeis, Stefan/0000-0001-6114-6212; NR 69 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 11 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 337 EP 347 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2007/0225 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208LJ UT WOS:000249320500003 ER PT J AU Errico, RM Yang, R Masutani, M Woollen, JS AF Errico, Ronald M. Yang, Runhua Masutani, Michiko Woollen, John S. TI The estimation of analysis error characteristics using an observation systems simulation experiment SO METEOROLOGISCHE ZEITSCHRIFT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Workshop on Adjoint Applications in Dynamic Meteorology CY OCT 08-13, 2006 CL Univ Obergurgl, Tyrol, AUSTRIA SP Univ Obergurgl HO Univ Obergurgl ID PREDICTABILITY AB Observation system simulation experiments (OSSEs) have been performed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction primarily for the purpose of evaluating the forecast improvement potential of proposed new observation instruments. The simulations have been validated primarily by comparing results from corresponding data denial experiments in both simulated and real data assimilation contexts. Additional validation is presented here using comparisons of some statistics of analysis increments determined from a baseline simulation using the entire suite of observations utilized during a reanalysis for February 1993. By exploiting the availability of a data set representing "truth" in the simulations, the background and analysis errors produced for the baseline simulation are computed. Several statistics of these errors are then determined, including time means and variances as functions of location or spherical harmonic wave number, vertical correlations, Kalman gains, and balance as measured by projections onto normal modes. Use of an OSSE in this way is one of the few means of estimating analysis error characteristics. Although these simulation experiments are among the best calibrated ones existing, the additional validation here indicates that some unrealism remains present. With this caveat, several interesting characteristics of analysis error have been revealed. Among these are that: longitudinal variations of error variances in the Northern Hemisphere have a similar range as latitudinal variations; corresponding background and analysis error variances are very similar in most regions so that the Kalman gains are generally small with the notable exception of regions and times well observed by rawindsondes; correlation lengths (both vertical and horizontal) are very similar for background and analysis errors; error variances at horizontal scales shorter than those corresponding to approximately spherical harmonic wavenumber 70 are as large as corresponding variances of the fields themselves; approximately 30 % of the error energy resides in gravitational normal modes; and the variance spectrum of the wind error is approximately white for scales below its peak near wavenumber 20. C1 [Errico, Ronald M.; Yang, Runhua] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Errico, Ronald M.; Yang, Runhua] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Yang, Runhua] Syst Sci & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Masutani, Michiko; Woollen, John S.] Natl Ctr Environm Predect, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Errico, RM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Code 610-1, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM ronald.m.errico@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU E SCHWEIZERBARTSCHE VERLAGS PI STUTTGART PA NAEGELE U OBERMILLER, SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, JOHANNESSTRASSE 3A, D 70176 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 0941-2948 J9 METEOROL Z JI Meteorol. Z. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 6 BP 695 EP 708 DI 10.1127/0941-2948/2007/0242 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 245VJ UT WOS:000251966600012 ER PT J AU Lu, FC Juang, HMH Liao, CC AF Lu, Fang-Chuan Juang, Hann-Ming Henry Liao, Chi-Chang TI A numerical case study of the passage of a cold surge across Taiwan SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REGIONAL SPECTRAL MODEL; AREA MESOSCALE EXPERIMENT; CUMULUS CONVECTION; PARAMETERIZATION; FRONT; EAST; MOUNTAINS; FORECASTS; SCHEME; LAYER AB A numerical study of a cold surge that occurred from 19-23 December 2001 was conducted to better understand the cold surge characteristics over the Taiwan area. The National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) nested Mesoscale Spectral Model (MSM) was used for this study. Simulation results demonstrated that the nested NCEP MSM captured salient features of the selected cold surge case. We demonstrated that the local minimum center of the time change of virtual potential temperature (dVPT) can serve as the location of severe weather of the cold surge for all Taiwan regions. Furthermore, thermodynamic equation analyses revealed that the leading edge of the cold surge was maintained primarily by meridian thermal advection, while diabatic heating, vertical and zonal thermal advections were less important. The cold surge flows were blocked and lifted by the Central Mountain Range (CMR) on its windward side, which increased the cold surge's vertical extent upward and increased northwestward tilting in the vertical structure. The flow eventually ascended, switched direction toward Taiwan, and descended over its northwestern and eastern coasts. The physical and circulatory characteristics of the cold surge differed noticeably on both sides of Taiwan. The cold surge's leading edge over the Taiwan Strait was northeast-southwest oriented and had evident wind shear; on the east side of the island, it was stronger in intensity and faster-moving than its counterpart on the west side. Sensitivity experiments revealed that the CMR's trapping of cold surge flows on its windward side affected cold surge leading edge characteristics in the following five ways: (1) weakening its intensity over the ocean but enhancing it inland, (2) decreasing its southward speed, especially over the western low plains region, but increasing its movement on the east coast, (3) increasing its vertical altitude and narrowing the horizontal extent of its vertical tilting, (4) altering its upper vertical circulatory structure, and (5) trapping a V-shape density current and enhancing its intensity in connection with the land-sea contrast. C1 Nan Jeon Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn, Tainan 73746, Taiwan. NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Washington, DC USA. Natl Def Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Chung Cheng Inst Technol, Tao Yuan, Taiwan. RP Lu, FC (reprint author), Nan Jeon Inst Technol, Dept Comp Sci & Informat Engn, Tainan 73746, Taiwan. EM fclu@ccit.edu.tw NR 45 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 95 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 52 DI 10.1007/s00703-006-0192-9 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 113WA UT WOS:000242627500003 ER PT S AU Orji, NG Dixson, RG Garcia-Gutierrez, DI Bunday, BD Bishop, M Cresswell, MW Allen, RA Allgair, JA AF Orji, Ndubuisi G. Dixson, Ronald G. Garcia-Gutierrez, Domingo I. Bunday, Benjamin D. Bishop, Michael Cresswell, Michael W. Allen, Richard A. Allgair, John A. BE Archie, CN TI TEM calibration methods for critical dimension standards - art. no. 651810 SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI CY FEB 26-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE linewidth; HR-TEM; HAADF-STEM; CD-AFM ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; LINEWIDTH MEASUREMENTS; CD-AFM; LINES AB One of the key challenges in critical dimension (CD) metrology is finding suitable calibration standards. Over the last few years there has been some interest in using features measured with the transmission electron microscope (TEM) as primary standards for linewidth measurements. This is because some modes of TEM can produce lattice-resolved images having scale traceability to the SI (Systeme International d'Unites or International System of Units) definition of length through an atomic lattice constant. As interest in using calibration samples that are closer to the length scales being measured increases, so will the use of these TEM techniques. An area where lattice-traceable images produced by TEM has been used as a primary standard is in critical dimension atomic force microscope (CD-AFM) tip width calibration. Two modes of TEM that produce crystal lattice-traceable images are high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) and high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscope (HAADF-STEM). HR-TEM produces lattice-traceable images by interference patterns of the diffracted and transmitted beams rather than the actual atomic columns, while HAADF-STEM produces direct images of the crystal lattice. The difference in how both of these techniques work could cause subtle variations in the way feature edges are defined. In this paper, we present results from width samples measured using HR-TEM and HAADF-STEM. Next we compare the results with measurements taken from the same location by two different CD-AFMs. Both of the CD-AFM instruments used for this work have been calibrated using a single crystal critical dimension reference material (SCCDRM). These standards, developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and SEMATECH, used HR-TEM for traceable tip-width calibration. Consequently, the present work and the previous SCCDRM work provide a mutual cross-check on the traceability of the width calibration. Excellent agreement was observed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Orji, NG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Garcia-Gutierrez, Domingo/0000-0001-6350-2161 NR 19 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6637-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6518 BP 51810 EP 51810 AR 651810 DI 10.1117/12.713368 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ17 UT WOS:000247393800033 ER PT S AU Lee, HJ Soles, CL Ro, HW Kang, S Lin, EK Karim, A Wu, WL Hines, DR AF Lee, Hae-Jeong Soles, Christopher L. Ro, Hyun Wook Kang, Shuhui Lin, Eric K. Karim, Alamgir Wu, Wen-Li Hines, D. R. BE Archie, CN TI Characterizing pattern structures using x-ray reflectivity - art. no. 651813 SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI CY FEB 26-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE x-ray reflectivity; effective medium approximation; pattern structure; line gratings; nanoimprint lithography; contact lithography AB Specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR) can be used, in the limit of the effective medium approximation (EMA), as a high-resolution shape metrology for periodic patterns on a planar substrate. The EMA means that the density of the solid pattern and the space separating the periodic patterns are averaged together. In this limit the density profile as a function of pattern height obtained by SXR can be used to extract quantitative pattern profile information. Here we explore the limitations of SXR as a pattern shape metrology by studying a series of linear grating structures with periodicities ranging from 300 nm to 16 mu m. The applicability of the EMA is related to the coherence length of the Xray source. For our slit-collimated X-ray source, the coherence length in the direction parallel to the long axis of the slit is on the order of 900 nm while the coherence along the main axis of the beam appears to be much greater than 16 mu m. Limitations of the SXR pattern shape metrology are discussed and examples of determining quantitative pattern profiles provided. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Soles, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymers Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6637-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6518 BP 51813 EP 51813 AR 651813 DI 10.1117/12.712416 PN 1-3 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ17 UT WOS:000247393800036 ER PT S AU Potzick, J Marx, E Davidson, M AF Potzick, James Marx, Egon Davidson, Mark BE Archie, CN TI Accuracy in optical image modeling - art. no. 651814 SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI CY FEB 26-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE optical image modeling; measurement uncertainty; photomask; feature size ID SCATTERING AB Wafer exposure process simulation and optical photomask feature metrology both rely on optical image modeling for accurate results. The best way to gauge the accuracy of an imaging model is to compare the model results with an actual image., Modeling results, however, depend on several input parameters describing the object and imaging system, such as wavelength, illumination and objective NA's, magnification, focus, etc. for the optical system, and topography, complex index of refraction n and k, etc. for the object. Errors in these parameter values can lead to significant differences between the actual image and the modeled image. Because of these parametric uncertainties, one would hope and expect the models to be far more accurate than such a comparison might indicate. An alternative used here is to compare different imaging models with each other. While the parameter nominal values should be chosen to represent real objects and instruments, they will be identical for both models and contribute no uncertainty to the conclusions. Admittedly not a complete or satisfactory answer to the question of image modeling accuracy, such a differential comparison at least places a meaningful number on modeling differences and sets a limit on modeling accuracy. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Potzick, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6637-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6518 BP 51814 EP 51814 AR 651814 DI 10.1117/12.711499 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ17 UT WOS:000247393800037 ER PT S AU Dixson, RG Guthrie, WF Cresswell, M Allen, RA Orji, NG AF Dixson, Ronald G. Guthrie, William F. Cresswell, Michael Allen, Richard A. Orji, Ndubuisi G. BE Archie, CN TI Single crystal critical dimension reference materials (SCCDRM): Process optimization for the next generation of standards - art. no. 651815 SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI CY FEB 26-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE CD-AFM; metrology; CD; linewidth; SCCDRM; standards; calibration; traceability; uncertainty ID NANOMETER UNCERTAINTY; REFERENCE METROLOGY; CD-AFM; CALIBRATION AB Critical dimension atomic force microscopes (CD-AFMs) are rapidly gaining acceptance in semiconductor manufacturing metrology. These instruments offer non-destructive three dimensional imaging of structures and can provide a valuable complement to critical dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) and optical metrology. Accurate CD-AFM metrology, however, is critically dependent upon calibration of the tip width. In response to this need, NIST has developed prototype single crystal critical dimension reference materials (SCCDRMs). In 2004, a new generation of SCCDRMs was released to the Member Companies of SEMATECH-a result of the fruitful partnership between several organizations. These specimens, which are fabricated using a lattice-plane-selective etch on (110) silicon, exhibit near vertical sidewalls and high uniformity and can be used to calibrate CD-AFM tip width to a standard uncertainty of about 1 nm. Following the 2004 release, NIST began work on the "next generation" of SCCDRM standards. A major goal of this thrust was to improve upon the SCCDRM characteristics that impact user-friendliness: the linewidth uniformity and cleanliness. Toward this end, an experiment was designed to further optimize the process conditions. The first round of this experiment was recently completed, and the results show great promise for further improvement of the SCCDRM manufacturing process. Among other observations, we found that the minimum linewidth and linewidth uniformity were primarily sensitive to different factors - and can thus be independently tuned to meet our future goals-which include linewidths as small as 20 nm and a standard uncertainty due to non-uniformity at the +/-0.5 nm level. Our future work will include a new refining experiment to further optimize the important factors that we have identified, and extension of the methodology to a monolithic 200 min implementation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dixson, RG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6637-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6518 BP 51815 EP 51815 AR 651815 DI 10.1117/12.713289 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ17 UT WOS:000247393800038 ER PT S AU Dixson, R Orji, NG AF Dixson, Ronald Orji, Ndubuisi G. BE Archie, CN TI Comparison and uncertainties of standards for critical dimension atomic force microscope tip width calibration - art. no. 651816 SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI CY FEB 26-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE CD-AFM; metrology; CD; linewidth; reference measurement system; standards; calibration; traceability ID NANOMETER UNCERTAINTY; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; REFERENCE METROLOGY; CD METROLOGY; AFM; LINE AB Since the advent of critical-dimension atomic force microscopes (CD-AFMs) in the 90s, these tools have enjoyed growing acceptance in semiconductor manufacturing both for process development and to support in-line critical dimension (CD) metrology. The most common application of CD-AFMs has been to support critical-dimension scanning electron microscope (CD-SEM) and scatterometer metrology as a reference for tool matching or as a nondestructive alternative to transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) cross sections. For many years, CD-AFM users typically developed in-house reference standards for tip width calibration - often based on SEM or TEM cross sections. But the uncertainty of such standards was often large or unknown. Tip characterizer samples - which used a sharp ridge to calibrate the tip width - are commercially available. However, scanning such samples can result in tip damage, and the uncertainty of tip calibrations based on this method is at least 5 nm. In 2004, NIST, SEMATECH, and VLSI Standards collaborated on the development and release of single crystal critical dimension reference materials (SCCDRMs) to SEMATECH member companies. These specimens, which are fabricated using a lattice-plane-selective etch on (110) silicon, exhibit near vertical sidewalls and high uniformity and can be used to calibrate CD-AFM tip width to approximately 1 nm standard uncertainty (k = 1). Also in 2004, commercial critical dimension standards (CCDS) were introduced. Using CD-AFM instruments at both NIST and SEMATECH, we have performed a comparison of nominal 45 nm and 70 nm CCDS specimens with the SCCDRM calibration. Our observations show that these two independently performed calibrations are in agreement. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dixson, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6637-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6518 BP 51816 EP 51816 AR 651816 DI 10.1117/12.714032 PN 1-3 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ17 UT WOS:000247393800039 ER PT S AU Barnes, BM Howard, LP Jun, J Lipscom, P Silver, RM AF Barnes, Bryan M. Howard, Lowell P. Jun, Jay Lipscom, Pete Silver, Richard M. BE Archie, CN TI Zero-order imaging of device-sized overlay targets using scatterfield microscopy - art. no. 65180F SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI CY FEB 26-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE overlay metrology; scatterfield microscopy; polarization; microscope objective; bright-field microscopy; scatterometry ID METROLOGY AB Patterns of lines and trenches with nominal linewidths of 50 nm have been proposed for use as an overlay target appropriate for placement inside the patterned wafer die. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Scatterfield Targets feature groupings of eight lines and/or trenches which are not resolvable using visible-wavelength bright-field microscopy. Such repetitive patterns yield zero-order images superimposed by interference effects from these finite gratings. Zero-order imaging is defined as the collection of specular reflection from periodic structures without the collection of any possible diffracted beams. As our lines and trenches are formed in different photolithographic steps, the overlay offset can be derived from the relative displacement of these zero-order responses. Modeling this phenomenon will require a thorough characterization of the transmission of light through all points in the optical path as a function of position, angle, and polarization. Linear polarization parallel and perpendicular to these lines and trenches is investigated as a possible enhancer of overlay offset measurement repeatability. In our particular case, nominally unpolarized light proved most repeatable. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Barnes, BM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6637-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6518 BP F5180 EP F5180 AR 65180F DI 10.1117/12.716457 PN 1-3 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ17 UT WOS:000247393800015 ER PT S AU Villarrubia, JS Ritchie, NWM Lowney, JR AF Villarrubia, John S. Ritchie, Nicholas W. M. Lowney, Jeremiah R. BE Archie, CN TI Monte Carlo modeling of secondary electron imaging in three dimensions - art. no. 65180K SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI CY FEB 26-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE constructive solid geometry; critical dimension metrology; modeling; linewidth metrology; Monte Carlo methods; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Monte Carlo modeling; secondary electron image ID SCATTERING CROSS-SECTIONS; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; STOPPING POWER; METROLOGY; SPECTROSCOPY; SIMULATION; PASSAGE; LIBRARY; MATTER; LINES AB Measurements of critical dimensions (CDs), roughness, and other dimensional aspects of semiconductor electronics products rely upon secondary electron (SE) images in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). These images are subject to artifacts at the nanometer size scale that is relevant for many of these measurements. The most accurate measurements for this reason depend upon models of the probe-sample interaction in order to perform corrections. MONSEL, a Monte Carlo simulator intended primarily for CD metrology, has been providing the necessary modeling. However, restrictions on the permitted sample shapes are increasingly constraining as the industry's measurement needs evolve towards inherently 3-dimensional structures. We report here results of a collaborative project, in which the MONSEL physics has been combined with the 3D capabilities of NISTMonte, another NIST Monte Carlo simulator that was previously used principally to model higher energy electrons and x-rays. Results from the new simulator agree very closely with the original MONSEL for samples within the repertoire of both codes. The new code's predicted SE yield variation with angle of incidence agrees well with preexisting measurements for light, medium, and heavy elements. Capabilities of the new code are demonstrated on a model of a FinFET transistor. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Villarrubia, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 29 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6637-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6518 BP K5180 EP K5180 AR 65180K DI 10.1117/12.712353 PN 1-3 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ17 UT WOS:000247393800020 ER PT S AU Wang, CQ Jones, RL Lin, EK Wu, WL Villarrubia, JS Choi, KW Clarke, JS Rice, BJ Leeson, M Roberts, J Bristol, R Bunday, B AF Wang, Chengqing Jones, Ronald L. Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-li Villarrubia, John S. Choi, Kwang-Woo Clarke, James S. Rice, Bryan J. Leeson, Michael Roberts, Jeanette Bristol, Robert Bunday, Benjamin BE Archie, CN TI Line edge roughness characterization of sub-50nm structures using CD-SAXS: Round-robin benchmark results - art. no. 65181O SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI CY FEB 26-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE critical dimension metrology; line edge roughness; extreme ultraviolet lithography; scatterometry AB The need to characterize line edge and line width roughness in patterns with sub-50 nm critical dimension challenges existing platforms based on electron microscopy and optical scatterometry. The development of x-ray based metrology platforms provides a potential route to characterize a variety of parameters related to line edge roughness by analyzing the diffracted intensity from a periodic array of test patterns. In this study, data from a series of photoresist line/space patterns featuring programmed line width roughness measured by critical dimension small angle x-ray scattering (CD-SAXS) is presented. For samples with periodic roughness, CD-SAXS provides the wavelength and amplitude of the periodic roughness through satellite diffraction peaks. In addition, the rate of decay of intensity, termed an effective "Debye-Waller" factor, as a function of scattering vector provides a measure of the fluctuation in line volume. CD-SAXS data are compared to analogous values obtained from critical dimension scanning electron microscopy (CD-SEM). Correlations between the techniques exist, however significant differences are observed for the current samples. Calibrated atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) data reveal large fluctuations in both line height and line width, providing a potential explanation for the observed disparity between CD-SEM and CD-SAXS. C1 NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6637-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6518 BP O5181 EP O5181 AR 65181O DI 10.1117/12.725380 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ17 UT WOS:000247393800055 ER PT S AU Sohn, YJ Silver, RM AF Sohn, Yeung-Joon Silver, Richard M. BE Archie, CN TI Kohler illumination analysis for high-resolution optical metrology using 193 nm light - art. no. 65184V SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI CY FEB 26-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE Kohler illumination; Kohler factor; 193 nm; high-resolution optical metrology; linewidth profile AB Dependence of Kohler factor 2 (KF 2: angular homogeneity) and Kohler factor 3 (KF 3: wavefront homogeneity) on the intensity profile of line target was investigated for an optical system designed for high-resolution optical metrology using ArF excimer laser of a wavelength of 193 nm. The intensity profiles for the isolated and multiple lines of 60 nm linewidth were simulated based on the diffraction propagation by introducing the changes of NA (KF 2) and aberrations such as defocus and coma (KF 3) to the illumination beam. From the results it was demonstrated that the intensity profiles for the line targets were influenced by the change of the illumination condition, being distorted in shape and Magnitude. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sohn, YJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6637-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6518 BP V5184 EP V5184 AR 65184V DI 10.1117/12.714890 PN 1-3 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ17 UT WOS:000247393800160 ER PT S AU Germer, TA AF Germer, Thomas A. BE Archie, CN TI Modeling the effect of line profile variation on optical critical dimension metrology - art. no. 65180Z SO Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI, Pts 1-3 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Metrology, Inspection, and Process Control for Microlithography XXI CY FEB 26-MAR 01, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE gratings; line-edge variation; optical critical dimension metrology; scatterometry ID COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; EFFICIENT IMPLEMENTATION; SUBSURFACE DEFECTS; TM POLARIZATION; GRATINGS; SCATTEROMETRY; SCATTERING; MICROROUGHNESS; ELLIPSOMETRY AB We investigate the effects that variations in profile have on specular and diffuse reflectance from a grating consisting of parallel lines. We investigate, as an example, a nominal grating consisting of photoresist or silicon lines on a silicon substrate, having a vertical sidewall angle, a width of 100 nm, a pitch of 200 nm, and a height of 200 nm. We model the effects of variations by calculating the reflectance of multiple 25-line superstructures, in which the positions of the line edges are randomly modulated about their nominal profile. We study line-edge variation, line-position variation, and random edge variation in order to test the hypothesis that the reflectance of a grating with variations in line profile can be approximated by the reflectance of a grating with uniform lines having the average line profile. We find that the reflected field can be approximated by the mean field reflected by a distribution of periodic gratings and that the field does not represent the field from the average profile. When fitting results to more than one modeled parameter, the changes that are observed can be enough to shift the deduced parameter in some cases by more than the rms variation of that parameter. We also investigate the diffuse scattering by the grating by considering the diffraction orders of the 25-line period. The intensity distribution and the polarization of the diffuse scattering are found to be different for line-width variation and line-position variation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Germer, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6637-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6518 BP Z5180 EP Z5180 AR 65180Z DI 10.1117/12.704246 PN 1-3 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGJ17 UT WOS:000247393800032 ER PT S AU Kishore, R Jofre, A Hutchison, JB Allegrini, M Locascio, LE Helmerson, K AF Kishore, R. Jofre, A. Hutchison, J. B. Allegrini, M. Locascio, L. E. Helmerson, K. BE Chiao, JC Dzurak, AS Jagadish, C Thiel, DV TI Stabilization of amphiphilic block copolymer nanotubes and vesicles by photopolymerization - art. no. 64150Y SO Micro- and Nanotechnology: Materials, Processes, Packaging, and Systems III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Micro- and Nanotechnology - Materials, Processes, Packaging, and System III CY DEC 11-13, 2006 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP SPIE, Australian Govt Dept Def, Defence Sci & Technol Org, Global Off Naval Res Sci & Technol, Off Naval Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, AF Off Sci Res, COSNet-ARC Complex Open Syst Res Network, Australian Res Council Nanotechnol Network DE nanotubes; liposomes; polymersomes; crosslinking; photopolymerization; vesicles; diblock copolymers; DNA electrophoreses; transport; membranes; stability ID DNA-MOLECULES; ELASTOMERIC MATERIALS; PHOTOOXIDATION; NETWORKS; POLYMERSOMES; CHANNELS; RUBBER AB We create long polymer nanotubes by directly pulling on the membrane of polymersomes using either optical tweezers or a micropipette. The polymersomes are composed of amphiphilic diblock copolymers and the nanotubes formed have an aqueous core connected to the aqueous interior of the polymersome. Stabilized membranes of nanotubes and vesicles were formed by the directed self-assembly of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polybutadiene, followed by photopolymerization, initiated by UV light, to a maximum double bond conversion of 15%. The photopolymerized nanotubes are extremely robust. The applicability of photopolymerization for biophysics and bioanalytical science is demonstrated by electrophoresing DNA molecules through a stabilized nanotube with an integrated vesicle reservoir. C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kishore, R (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6523-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6415 BP Y4150 EP Y4150 AR 64150Y DI 10.1117/12.695301 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BFZ95 UT WOS:000245723600028 ER PT J AU Stewart, JR Domingo, JWS Wade, TJ AF Stewart, Jill R. Domingo, Jorge W. Santo Wade, Timothy J. BE SantoDomingo, JW Sadowsky, MJ TI Fecal Pollution, Public Health, and Microbial Source Tracking SO MICROBIAL SOURCE TRACKING SE Emerging Issues in Food Safety LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI O157-H7; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE PATTERNS; GEESE BRANTA-CANADENSIS; NORWALK-LIKE VIRUS; CAMPYLOBACTER-JEJUNI; WATERBORNE OUTBREAK; COASTAL WATERS; UNITED-STATES; WASTE-WATER; MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY C1 [Stewart, Jill R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Domingo, Jorge W. Santo] US EPA, ORD NRMRL WSWRD MCCB, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [Wade, Timothy J.] US EPA, ORD NHEERL HSD EBB, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Stewart, JR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RI Sadowsky, Michael/J-2507-2016 OI Sadowsky, Michael/0000-0001-8779-2781 NR 135 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N STREET NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA BN 978-1-55581-576-9 J9 EMERG ISS FOOD SAF JI Emerg. Iss. Food Safety PY 2007 BP 1 EP 32 PG 32 WC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology SC Food Science & Technology; Microbiology GA BPJ67 UT WOS:000279007700003 ER PT S AU Guo, Y Parker, LE Madhavan, R AF Guo, Yi Parker, Lynne E. Madhavan, Raj BE Nedjah, N DosSantosCoelho, N DeMacedoMourelle, L TI Collaborative Robots for Infrastructure Security Applications SO MOBILE ROBOTS: THE EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB We discuss techniques towards using collaborative robots for infrastructure security applications. A vast number of critical facilities, including power plants, military bases, water plants, air fields, and so forth, must be protected against unauthorized intruders. A team of mobile robots working cooperatively can alleviate human resources and improve effectiveness from human fatigue and boredom. This chapter addresses this scenario by first presenting distributed sensing algorithms for robot localization and 3D map building. We then describe a multi-robot motion planning algorithm according to a patrolling and threat response scenario. Neural network based methods are used for planning a complete coverage patrolling path. A block diagram of the system integration of sensing and planning is presented towards a successful proof of principle demonstration. Previous approaches to similar scenarios have been greatly limited by their reliance on global positioning systems, the need for the manual construction of facility maps, and the need for humans to plan and specify the individual robot paths for the mission. The proposed approaches overcome these limits and enable the systems to be deployed autonomously without modi. cations to the operating environment. C1 [Guo, Yi] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Parker, Lynne E.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Comp Sci, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Madhavan, Raj] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Madhavan, Raj] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guo, Y (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM yguo1@stevens.edu; parker@cs.utk.edu; raj.madhavan@ieee.org NR 14 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-540-49719-6 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2007 VL 50 BP 185 EP 200 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-49720 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BNM78 UT WOS:000274990900009 ER PT B AU Souryal, MR Geissbuehler, J Miller, LE Moayeri, N AF Souryal, Michael R. Geissbuehler, Johannes Miller, Leonard E. Moayeri, Nader GP ACM TI Real-Time Deployment of Multihop Relays for Range Extension SO MOBISYS '07: PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIFTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MOBILE SYSTEMS, APPLICATIONS, AND SERVICES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications and Services CY JUN 11-14, 2007 CL San Juan, PR SP ACM SIGMOBILE, USENIX, HP Res, IBM, intel, Microsoft Res, Natl Sci Fdn, Nokia DE Deployment; multihop wireless networks; first responders; breadcrumbs; sensors; RFID AB When the range of single-hop wireless communication is limited by distance or harsh radio propagation conditions, relays can be used to extend the communication range through multihop relaying. This paper targets the need in certain scenarios for rapid deployment of these relays when little or nothing is known in advance about a given environment and its propagation characteristics. Applications include first responders entering a large building during an emergency, search and rescue robots maneuvering a disaster sight, and coal miners working underground. The common element motivating this work is the need to maintain communications in an environment where single-hop communication is typically inadequate. This paper investigates the feasibility of the automated deployment of a multihop network. A deployment procedure is proposed that employs real-time link measurements and takes into account the physical layer characteristics of a mobile multipath fading environment and the radio in use. A prototype system is implemented based on 900 MHz TinyOS motes supporting low-speed data applications including text messaging, sensor data and RFID-assisted localization. Results of deployments in a hi-rise office building are presented. C1 [Souryal, Michael R.; Geissbuehler, Johannes; Miller, Leonard E.; Moayeri, Nader] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Souryal, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM souryal@nist.gov; hannes.geissbuehler@gmail.com; moayeri@nist.gov NR 16 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-614-1 PY 2007 BP 85 EP 98 PG 14 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BJJ06 UT WOS:000266241600007 ER PT S AU Silver, RM Attota, R Marx, E AF Silver, R. M. Attota, R. Marx, E. BE Bosse, H Bodermann, B Silver, RM TI Model-based analysis of the limits of optical metrology with experimental comparisons - art. no. 66170W SO Modeling Aspects in Optical Metrology SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Modeling Aspects in Optical Metrology CY JUN 18-19, 2007 CL Munich, GERMANY SP SPIE Europe, European Opt Soc, Wissensch Gesell Lasertech e V AB This paper presents a summary and analysis of a study on optical modeling for critical dimension metrology. The paper is focused on two primary elements: 1) the comparison, stability, and validity of multiple electromagnetic scattering models and 2) a series of model-to-experiment comparisons. A part of the study will cover improved model-to-theory agreement obtained using our new Scatterfield microscopy technique, which has enabled evaluation of previous unquantified errors. The Scatterfield microscopy technique allows us to step or scan an aperture in a conjugate back focal plane of the objective lens enabling illumination of a narrow cone of incident plane waves at a given primary angle of incidence. A series of angle resolved images or intensity data can be obtained for each angle of illumination. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Silver, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6759-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6617 BP W6170 EP W6170 AR 66170W DI 10.1117/12.726201 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics, Applied; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Mathematics; Optics GA BGR71 UT WOS:000250109600028 ER PT S AU Knappe, S Gerginov, V Shah, V Brannon, A Hollberg, L Kitching, J AF Knappe, S. Gerginov, V. Shah, V. Brannon, A. Hollberg, L. Kitching, J. BE DIckensheets, DL Gogoi, BP Schenk, H TI Long-term stability of the NIST chip-scale atomic clock physics packages - art. no. 64660O SO MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on MOEMS and Miniaturized Systems VI CY JAN 24-25, 2007 CL San Jose, CA DE atomic clock; coherent population trapping; CPT; CSAC; MEMS; microfabrication ID SURFACE-EMITTING LASERS; VAPOR CELLS; FREQUENCY REFERENCES; OPTICAL DETECTION; INTENSITY NOISE; SHIFTS; GASES; LIGHT; RB-87 AB We discuss the long-term stability of the NIST chip-scale atomic clock (CSAC) physics packages. We identify the major factors that currently limit the frequency stability of our CSAC packages after 100 s. The requirements for the stability of the vapor cell and laser temperature, local magnetic field, and local oscillator output power are evaluated. Due to the small size of CSAC physics package assemblies, advances MEMS packaging techniques for vacuum sealing and thermal isolation can be used to achieve the temperature stability goals. We discuss various ideas on how to aid temperature control solutions over wide variations in ambient temperature by implementing atom-based stabilization schemes. Control of environment-related frequency instabilities will be critical for successful insertion of CSACs into portable instruments in the areas of navigation and communication. C1 NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Knappe, S (reprint author), NIST, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6579-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6466 BP O4660 EP O4660 AR 64660O DI 10.1117/12.701591 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGA89 UT WOS:000245835900022 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Masuda, M Pella, J AF Waples, Robin S. Masuda, Michele Pella, Jerome TI SALMONNb: a program for computing cohort-specific effective population sizes (N-b) in Pacific salmon and other semelparous species using the temporal method SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY NOTES LA English DT Article DE age-structured; genetics; least-squares; N-e/N ratio; semelparous ID ALLELE FREQUENCY; GENETICS; DRIFT AB We describe a new method and a computer program (SALMONN)b to calculate the effective number of breeders (N-b) per year in semelparous species with variable age at maturity. The existing temporal method for the 'salmon' life history produces an estimate of the harmonic mean N-b in the two sampled years. (SALMONN)b reads genotypic data in standard formats and computes yearly N-b values by combining information from pairwise comparisons of samples taken in 3 or more years. Simulations show that the new method produces unbiased estimates of yearly N-b, and precision is inversely proportional to true effective size. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd,E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL NOTES JI Mol. Ecol. Notes PD JAN PY 2007 VL 7 IS 1 BP 21 EP 24 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2006.01567.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 119PJ UT WOS:000243024000006 ER PT J AU Ferguson, E Viggiano, AA AF Ferguson, E. Viggiano, A. A. TI The role of the adiabatic principle in ion chemistry: a personal history SO MOLECULAR PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-ENERGY; MOLECULE REACTION; RATE-CONSTANT; NO+(V) IONS; VIBRATIONAL-RELAXATION; COLLISIONAL RELAXATION; NEUTRAL COLLISIONS; NO; DETACHMENT; HELIUM AB Prior to their measurement in the laboratory, several critical ionospheric ion-molecule reactions were excluded from models on the basis of the adiabatic principle of Ehrenfest. Following the development of versatile laboratory measurement techniques, a number of these reactions were found to be fast, implying that the adiabatic principle was generally inapplicable to thermal energy ion-molecule reactions. Examples of rare exceptions are shown. More recently, there have been successful applications of this theory as evidenced in Landau-Teller plots of vibrational quenching and excitation of various ions. C1 AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. NOAA, Environm Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Viggiano, AA (reprint author), AF Res Lab, Bedford, MA 01731 USA. EM albert.viggiano@hanscom.af.mil NR 58 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0026-8976 J9 MOL PHYS JI Mol. Phys. PY 2007 VL 105 IS 9 BP 1123 EP 1128 DI 10.1080/00268970701206659 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 199HA UT WOS:000248685600004 ER PT J AU Wang, XG Snyder, C Hamill, TM AF Wang, Xuguang Snyder, Chris Hamill, Thomas M. TI On the theoretical equivalence of differently proposed ensemhle-3DVAR hybrid analysis schemes SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL VARIATIONAL ASSIMILATION; ERROR STATISTICS; PART I; MODEL; IMPLEMENTATION; COVARIANCES; SYSTEM; FORMULATION AB Hybrid ensemble-three-dimensional variational analysis schemes incorporate flow-dependent, ensemble-estimated background-error covariances into the three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) framework. Typically the 3DVAR background-error covariance estimate is assumed to be stationary, nearly homogeneous, and isotropic. A hybrid scheme can be achieved by 1) directly replacing the background-error covariance term in the cost function by a linear combination of the original background-error covariance with the ensemble covariance or 2) through augmenting the state vector with another set of control variables preconditioned upon the square root of the ensemble covariance. These differently proposed hybrid schemes are proven to be equivalent. The latter framework may be a simpler way to incorporate ensemble information into operational 3DVAR schemes, where the preconditioning is performed with respect to the background term. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnos Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. NCAR, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wang, XG (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway,R-PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Xuguang.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013 NR 41 TC 76 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 135 IS 1 BP 222 EP 227 DI 10.1175/MWR3282.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 125FZ UT WOS:000243429100014 ER PT S AU Pong, PWT Bonevich, JE Egelhoff, WF AF Pong, Philip W. T. Bonevich, John E. Egelhoff, William F., Jr. BE Dobisz, EA Eldada, LA TI Development of ultra-low magnetic field sensors with magnetic tunnel junctions - art. no. 66450B SO Nanoengineering: Fabrication, Properties, Optics, and Devices IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoengineering - Fabrication, Properties, Optics and Devices IV CY AUG 27-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE tunneling magnetoresistance; magnetic tunnel junction; magnetic field sensor; soft magnetic layer; Wheatstone bridge ID NOISE AB The discovery of tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) has enhanced the magnetoresistance (MR) ratio from the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) regime of around 10% to over 400% at room temperature. A combination of magnetic tunnel junctions with high magnetoresistance ratio and soft magnetic layers enables the development of ultra-low magnetic field sensor with sensitivity down to the scale of picoTesla. A magnetic field sensor with such high sensitivity would have important applications in biomedicine, information storage, and remote sensing such as higher resolution images for cardiograph and magnetic resonance imaging and thus earlier detection of abnormal health condition; higher hard-disk density; and remote sensing of metallic objects. We-have constructed an automated four-probe electrical measurement system for measuring TMR of magnetic tunnel junctions with high throughput, enabling us to optimize the properties of the devices. Magnetron sputtering is used to deposit thin films with thickness ranged from angstroms to nanometers. Photolithography and ion plasma etching are applied to pattern the devices. The devices have a range of size from 10 mu m x 10 mu m to 80 mu m x 80 mu m. The device is composed of the bottom electrode, free soft magnetic layer, insulating oxide layer, pinned layer, pinning layer, and top electrode. The magnetization of the free layer can be rotated by the external magnetic field which in turn changes the resistance of the device and provide the sensing capability. The system structure, design consideration, fabrication process, and preliminary experimental results are discussed and presented in this paper. C1 NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6793-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6645 BP B6450 EP B6450 AR 66450B DI 10.1117/12.731127 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGV57 UT WOS:000250804900006 ER PT S AU Pong, PWT Schmoueli, M Egelhoff, WF AF Pong, Philip W. T. Schmoueli, Moshe Egelhoff, William F., Jr. BE Dobisz, EA Eldada, LA TI Fabrication of spintronic devices - etching endpoint detection by resistance measurement for magnetic tunnel junctions - art. no. 66450S SO Nanoengineering: Fabrication, Properties, Optics, and Devices IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoengineering - Fabrication, Properties, Optics and Devices IV CY AUG 27-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE spintronics; magnetic tunnel junction; endpoint detection; fabrication; tunneling magnetoresistance ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE; MULTILAYERS AB Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) have received tremendous interest since the discovery of substantial room temperature tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) due to spin-dependent tunneling, and have been intensively investigated for applications in next-generation memory devices, hard disk drives, and magnetic sensors. In the fabrication of MTJs, etching is needed to remove the top cap layers, upper magnetic layers, and the middle oxide layer in order to form a tunneling junction. In view of this, we have devised an innovative, simple, low-cost endpoint detection method for fabricating MTJs. In this method, the endpoint is detected by measurement of the sheet resistance of the MTJ stack. Only a multimeter is needed in this method, hence it provides a simple low-cost alternative for spintronic device researchers to explore the research field of magnetic tunnel junctions. This technique is also of great use in other kinds of metallic stack etching experiments. C1 NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6793-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6645 BP S6450 EP S6450 AR 66450S DI 10.1117/12.731136 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGV57 UT WOS:000250804900015 ER PT S AU Pong, PWT McMichael, R Edelstein, AS Nowak, ER Egelhoff, WF AF Pong, Philip W. T. McMichael, Robert Edelstein, Alan S. Nowak, Edmund R. Egelhoff, William F., Jr. BE Dobisz, EA Eldada, LA TI Preliminary design and noise considerations for an ultrasensitive magnetic field sensor - art. no. 66450T SO Nanoengineering: Fabrication, Properties, Optics, and Devices IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoengineering - Fabrication, Properties, Optics and Devices IV CY AUG 27-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE magnetic field sensor; magnetic tunnel junction; tunneling magnetoresistance; Johnson noise; 1/f noise; mag noise; design tool ID GIANT TUNNELING MAGNETORESISTANCE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; JUNCTIONS; BARRIERS AB In this paper, we discuss the structural design including the materials, junction areas, and magnetic layers thicknesses, and various noise sources including Johnson noise, shot noise, 1/f noise, and thermal magnetic noise, that must be considered when building a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) magnetic field sensor with the goal of SQUID-like sensitivity. Analytical derivations of the sensor sensitivity and different noise sources are provided. A highly-portable software design tool is developed to optimize the various parameters of the sensor design, while also predicting the expected sensitivity, operating frequency range, operating current and power of the finished sensor. The functions and operations of this design tool are described. The relationships between the sensor detectivity and some critical design parameters are studied with this design tool. A possible design for the construction of an ultrasensitive magnetic field sensor is proposed. C1 NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6793-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6645 BP T6450 EP T6450 AR 66450T DI 10.1117/12.731142 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGV57 UT WOS:000250804900016 ER PT S AU Pong, PWT Egelhoff, WF AF Pong, Philip W. T. Egelhoff, William F., Jr. BE Dobisz, EA Eldada, LA TI Fabrication strategies for magnetic tunnel junctions with magnetoelectronic applications - art. no. 66451V SO Nanoengineering: Fabrication, Properties, Optics, and Devices IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nanoengineering - Fabrication, Properties, Optics and Devices IV CY AUG 27-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE lithography; magnetic tunnel junction; tunneling magnetoresistance; etching; ion milling; lift-off resist; mask ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB In this paper, two lithographic fabrication processes for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with different mask designs and etching technologies are discussed. The advantages and disadvantages of both processes are compared. The crucial steps to protect the oxide insulating barriers and avoid side-wall redepositions (which may lead to short circuits) are developed, and important design considerations of the mask patterns and the device geometric structures are elaborated. We show that implementing the strategies developed greatly increases the successful manufacturing yield of MTJ magnetoelectronics devices. C1 NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6793-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6645 BP V6451 EP V6451 AR 66451V DI 10.1117/12.731140 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGV57 UT WOS:000250804900040 ER PT J AU Vogel, EM AF Vogel, Eric M. TI Technology and metrology of new electronic materials and devices SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Review ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; INDIVIDUAL DOPANT ATOMS; DOT CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; ANNULAR DARK-FIELD; QUANTUM-DOT; TUNNELING TRANSISTOR; CAPACITANCE-VOLTAGE; GATE DIELECTRICS; METAL GATE; SILICON AB Scaling of the metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) field-effect transistor has been the basis of the semiconductor industry for nearly 30 years. Traditional materials have been pushed to their limits, which means that entirely new materials (such as high-kappa gate dielectrics and metal gate electrodes), and new device structures are required. These materials and structures will probably allow MOS devices to remain competitive for at least another ten years. Beyond this timeframe, entirely new device structures (such as nanowire or molecular devices) and computational paradigms will almost certainly be needed to improve performance. The development of new nanoscale electronic devices and materials places increasingly stringent requirements on metrology. C1 Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogel, EM (reprint author), Univ Texas, Dept Elect Engn, 2601 N Floyd Rd, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM eric.vogel@utdallas.edu RI Vogel, Eric/A-7731-2008 OI Vogel, Eric/0000-0002-6110-1361 NR 90 TC 103 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 59 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 2 IS 1 BP 25 EP 32 DI 10.1038/nnano.2006.142 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 131WQ UT WOS:000243902900011 PM 18654203 ER PT J AU Cundiff, ST AF Cundiff, Steven T. TI Attosecond physics - Better by half SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT News Item ID FIELDS C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 10 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1 BP 16 EP 18 DI 10.1038/nphys493 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 129LB UT WOS:000243729900009 ER PT S AU Siegrist, K Bucher, CR Pfefferkorn, C Schwarzkopf, A Plusquellic, DF AF Siegrist, K. Bucher, C. R. Pfefferkorn, C. Schwarzkopf, A. Plusquellic, D. F. BE Kneipp, K Aroca, R Kneipp, H Wen trupByrne, E TI High-Resolution THz Spectroscopy of Crystalline Peptides: Exploring Hydrogen-Bonding Networks SO NEW APPROACHES IN BIOMEDICAL SPECTROSCOPY SE ACS SYMPOSIUM SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Approaches in Biomedical Spectroscopy CY 2005 CL Honolulu, HI SP Amer Chem Soc ID TIME-DOMAIN SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURE-GROWN GAAS; ALANYL-L-ALANINE; TERAHERTZ SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION-SPECTRA; POLYPEPTIDES; PHOTOMIXERS; LASERS; POWER; DNA AB The sensitivity of CW THz spectroscopy to hydrogen bonding networks of peptide crystals is explored through investigations of the lowest frequency vibrational modes including three forms of trialanine, and two isostructural dipeptides which form hydrophobic nanotubes, alanyl isoleucine and isoleucyl alanine. THz spectra were obtained in the range 0.6 cm(-1) to 100 cm(-1) at 4.2 K for the peptides under investigation. Three issues related to the THz absorption features have been addressed: i) the impact of the intermolecular hydrogen bonding network, ii) effects arising from weak hydrophobic interactions with water and iii) line broadening due to crystal defects. First, large variations in the THz spectra of antiparallel beta-sheet trialanine are observed due to changes in the degree of hydration. Second, subtle frequency shifts of similar to 1 cm(-1) due to the weak hydrophobic interactions of dipeptide molecules with intracrystalline water are reported for the hydrated dipeptide alanyl isoleucine. In contrast, little or no shift was observed for the unhydrated but isostructural retroanalogue, isoleucyl alanine. Finally, line-broadening effects which can be attributed to the relative abundance of crystal defects are reported for the parallel-beta-sheet form of trialanine. The small crystalline peptides studied here provide benchmark systems for validating computational models at the level of semi-empirical force fields and, because of the small molecular size, at the ab initio levels of theory. The experimental results give insight into the nature and scope of computational models necessary to accurately capture the structure and spectra of these simple peptides. Studies of simple systems are a necessary first step towards delineating the model requirements imposed by the very low energy modes of this regime, where long range and many body interactions can have a significant impact. Comparison with computational results will aid in advancing the current state-of-the-art in computational software to accurately model more complex biological systems. C1 [Siegrist, K.; Bucher, C. R.; Pfefferkorn, C.; Schwarzkopf, A.; Plusquellic, D. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Siegrist, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-7437-2 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2007 VL 963 BP 280 EP 296 PG 17 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA BKS87 UT WOS:000269122900018 ER PT S AU Jeong, B Lee, D Cho, H Kulvatunyou, B AF Jeong, Buhwan Lee, Daewon Cho, Hyunbo Kulvatunyou, Boonserm BE Okuno, HG Ali, M TI A kernel method for measuring structural similarity between XML documents SO NEW TRENDS IN APPLIED ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th International Conference on Industrial, Engineering and Other Applications of Applied Intelligent Systems CY JUN 26-29, 2007 CL Kyoto, JAPAN SP Int Soc Appl Intelligence, Kyoto Univ, Grad Sch Informat, AAAI, ACM SIGART, CSCSI, SCEIO, ENNS, HIS, IEICE, INNS, IPSJ, JSAI, RSJ, TAAI, Texas State Univ, San Marcos DE information compatibility analysis; kernel methods; schema matching; string kernel; structural similarity; XML mining AB Measuring structural similarity between XML documents has become a key component in various applications, including XML data mining, schema matching, web service discovery, among others. The paper presents a novel structural similarity measure between XML documents using kernel methods. Results on preliminary simulations show that this outperforms conventional ones. C1 [Jeong, Buhwan; Lee, Daewon; Cho, Hyunbo] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ind & Management Engn, San 31, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kulvatunyou, Boonserm] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jeong, B (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ind & Management Engn, San 31, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM bjeong@postech.ac.kr; woosuhan@postech.ac.kr; hcho@postech.ac.kr; serm@nist.gov NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-73322-5 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2007 VL 4570 BP 572 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BGN49 UT WOS:000248621400057 ER PT S AU Ashby, N Allison, T AF Ashby, Neil Allison, Timothy BE Belbruno, E TI Relativistic canonical planetary perturbation equations for momentum-dependent forces, and the Lense-Thirring precession SO NEW TRENDS IN ASTRODYNAMICS AND APPLICATIONS III SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Conference on New Trends in Astrodynamics and Applications CY AUG 16-18, 2006 CL Princeton, NJ SP NASA Headquarters, Princeton Univ DE canonical form; perturbation theory; momentum-dependent forces; Hamilton-Jacobi theory; partial derivatives; Lense-Thirring precession; relativistic equations of motion AB Relativistic planetary perturbation theory based on canonical equations of motion, rather than on the use of osculating orbital elements, is developed and applied to two problems. Differences between the canonical form of perturbation theory and the classical Lagrange planetary perturbation equations are discussed. The canonical form of perturbation theory in some cases has advantages when the perturbing forces are momentum-dependent, but the two forms of perturbation theory are equivalent if the perturbing forces are dependent only on position and not on momentum. The canonical form of the planetary perturbation equations am derived and applied to the Lense-Thirring precession of a test body in a Keplerian orbit around a rotating mass source. C1 [Ashby, Neil; Allison, Timothy] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ashby, Neil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Allison, Timothy] Millenium Engn Integrat, Colorado Springs, CO 80919 USA. RP Ashby, N (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0389-5 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 886 BP 253 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGA68 UT WOS:000245812900022 ER PT S AU Allen, DW Litorja, M Brown, SW Zong, YQ AF Allen, David W. Litorja, Maritoni Brown, Steven W. Zong, Yuqin BE Brown, CD Druy, MA Coates, JP TI Evaluation of a portable hyperspectral imager for medical imaging applications - art. no. 67650F SO NEXT-GENERATION SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Next-Generation Spectroscopic Technologies CY SEP 10-11, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE hyperspectral; stray light; calibration; medical imaging ID TISSUE PERFUSION; CALIBRATION; SPECTROSCOPY; SYSTEM AB Portable hyperspectral imagers are becoming commonly available as a commercial product. A liquid crystal tunable filter based CCD imager was evaluated and characterized for spectral stray light using a tunable laser facility. The hyperspectral imager is currently being used to investigate the use of hyperspectral imaging in medical applications. This paper discusses the imager design and performance, the characterization of this system, and medical imaging as a related application. Imagers of this type may be fundamental to transferring radiometric scales using a hyperspectral image projector. The use of the hyperspectral imager for use with a hyperspectral image projector is also discussed. C1 [Allen, David W.; Litorja, Maritoni; Brown, Steven W.; Zong, Yuqin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Allen, DW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6925-0 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6765 BP F7650 EP F7650 DI 10.1117/12.733189 PG 10 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA BHH21 UT WOS:000253269800009 ER PT B AU Bertness, KA Dodson, CM Blanchard, AT Sanford, NA Mills, RN AF Bertness, K. A. Dodson, C. M. Blanchard, A. T. Sanford, N. A. Mills, Ross N. GP SIS&T TI Nanowire placement with ink jet heads SO NIP 23: 23RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DIGITAL PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES, TECHNICAL PROGRAM AND PROCEEDINGS/DIGITAL FABRICATION 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies/Digital Fabrication 2007 Conference CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Anchorage, AK SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, Imaging Soc Japan ID GAN AB We have shown that thermal ink jet print heads can be used to place GaN nanowires on patterned substrates. The semiconductor nanowires had diameters ranging from 70 to 300 nm and lengths from 5 mu m to 20 mu m. They were dispersed in alcohol-water solutions for loading into ink reservoirs. To avoid clogging, the thermal ink jet heads were chosen with drop weights from 72 to 165 ng. The thermal ink jet method was successfully used to place nanowires across narrow gaps in metal patterns. When using a low-power optical microscope to align the nozzle with substrate pattern features, the placement accuracy is much higher than with micropipette placement. For unknown reasons, nanowires would not pass through piezoelectric ink jet heads. These experiments demonstrate that ink jet technology holds promise for low-cost, rapid, massively parallel placement and processing of nanowires for optoelectronic, electronic, and sensor applications. C1 [Bertness, K. A.; Dodson, C. M.; Blanchard, A. T.; Sanford, N. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bertness, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC IMAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY PI SPRINGFIELD PA 7003 KILWORTH LANE, SPRINGFIELD, VA 22151 USA BN 978-0-89208-273-5 PY 2007 BP 836 EP 838 PG 3 WC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHA62 UT WOS:000251941400193 ER PT S AU Reiner, JE Jahn, A Locascio, LE Gaitan, M Kasianowicz, JJ AF Reiner, Joseph E. Jahn, Andreas Locascio, Laurie E. Gaitan, Michael Kasianowicz, John J. BE Bezrukov, SM TI Liposome characterization with fluorescence cumulant analysis - art. no. 660201 SO Noise and Fluctuations in Biological, Biophysical, and Biomedical Systems SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Noise and Fluctuations in Biological, Biophysical, and Biomedical Systems CY MAY 21-23, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, SIOF, SPIE Europe DE nanotechnology; biosystems and health; liposomes; microfluidics; fluorescence correlation spectroscopy; fluorescence cumulant analysis ID CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPY; FLUCTUATION SPECTROSCOPY; ENCAPSULATION; PHOTON AB Liposomes are self-assembled spherical vesicles comprised of a lipid bilayer membrane that segregates an internal aqueous environment from an external aqueous environment. These manometer-scale structures have demonstrated potential for targeted drug delivery applications. For liposomes to be useful in vivo, the liposome size and dosage of molecules contained within them needs to be controlled. We present here a fluorescence-based technique for characterizing the relative encapsulation efficiency, leakage rate, and shelf life of liposome formulations. We report results from three different liposome solutions over a period of two months that show the liposome brightness remains stable while the background dye concentration increases. These parameters may prove useful for optimizing the liposome formation process. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, EEEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reiner, JE (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, EEEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6739-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6602 BP 60201 EP 60201 AR 660201 DI 10.1117/12.726803 PG 11 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BGT41 UT WOS:000250406300012 ER PT B AU Penland, C AF Penland, Cecile BE Tsonis, A Elsner, JB TI Stochastic linear models of nonlinear geosystems SO Nonlinear Dynamics in Geosciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Nonlinear Dynamics in Geosciences CY JUN 12-16, 2006 CL Rhodes, GREECE SP Aegean Conf, Amer Meteorol Soc, European Geosci Union ID OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE INTERACTION; SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; EL-NINO; UNIFIED VIEW; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; DYNAMICAL MODEL; ENSO; CHAOS AB When nonlinearities are strong enough, they can often be treated in terms of linear stochastic differential equations. We discuss the conditions under which this can be done, and illustrate the linear approximation with several examples having varying success. In particular, we consider the low-dimensional chaotic Lorenz system, a linear process driven by the chaotic Lorenz system, and the real-world application to tropical sea surface temperatures. C1 NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Penland, C (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 51 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-34917-6 PY 2007 BP 485 EP 515 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-34918-3_27 PG 31 WC Geology; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA BGV09 UT WOS:000250749100027 ER PT J AU Love, JW May, EB AF Love, Joseph W. May, Eric B. TI Relationships between fish assemblage structure and selected environmental factors in Maryland's coastal bays SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID CANONICAL CORRESPONDENCE-ANALYSIS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TEMPORAL VARIATION; SPATIAL VARIATION; POPULATION; SALINITY; HABITAT; VEGETATION; TOLERANCE; STABILITY AB We surveyed little-known ray-finned fish assemblages from Maryland's coastal bays in order to establish species-habitat relationships for common species. From 1996-1999, 25 sites were sampled monthly with otter trawls in the coastal bays of Maryland. Anchoa mitchilli (bay anchovy) constituted nearly 50% of the catch for each year, and species composition was largely similar across years, with some differences likely related to variation in recruitment. For example, Clupea harengus (Atlantic herring) was particularly abundant during 1996 and 1999 following their spawning season. We used canonical correspondence analysis to determine how assemblages were related to temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), salinity, and land-use variables during summer (June-September) and throughout the rest of the year. A gradient correlated with temperature and DO significantly structured assemblages throughout most of the yearn during summer, the proportion of wetland habitat was important. We demonstrate that environmental gradients important for structuring fish assemblages differ between summer and non-summer months and there is a general shift in habitat use during summer from the lower estuary to other areas of the coastal bays. Our data also provide support for earlier observations that temperature was the major factor influencing changes in fish assemblage structure in the coastal bays. Our results point to better characterization of fish habitats in order to effectively manage coastal ecosystems of Maryland. C1 Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Love, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM jlove@umes.edu NR 56 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2007 VL 14 IS 2 BP 251 EP 268 DI 10.1656/1092-6194(2007)14[251:RBFASA]2.0.CO;2 PG 18 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 184GE UT WOS:000247628300007 ER PT J AU Triolo, R Lo Celso, F Benfante, V Gorgoni, C Barker, J Butler, P Ruffo, I AF Triolo, R. Lo Celso, F. Benfante, V. Gorgoni, C. Barker, J. Butler, P. Ruffo, I. TI Fingerprinting white marbles of archaeometric interest by means of combined SANS and USANS SO NUOVO CIMENTO DELLA SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA C-GEOPHYSICS AND SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Research Infrastructures for Cultural Heritage Workshop (RICH) CY DEC 12-13, 2005 CL Trieste, ITALY ID SCATTERING AB We have performed a series of USANS and SANS measurements oil a selected group of marble samples characterized by similar chemical composition but wide range of known metamorphic conditions. With these samples we start the building up of a data base in an attempt to correlate metamorphism and mesoscopic structure of white marbles. Experimental data have been analysed in terms of a hierarchical model. The present data highlight the importance of the structure at meso scale in identifying the provenance of the marble samples. A remarkable simple relation between the model parameters and the metamorphic degree has been found. This curve might represent a, master curve to allow fingerprinting of white marbles. Also, two coloured marbles from Villa Adriana (Tivoli, Italy) have been investigated by means of the same techniques. Results obtained follow the general trend found for the white marbles. C1 Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Chim Fis, I-90123 Palermo, Italy. Univ Modena, Dipartimento Sci Terra, I-41100 Modena, Italy. NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. ITC L Sturzo, Bagheria, Italy. RP Triolo, R (reprint author), Univ Palermo, Dipartimento Chim Fis, I-90123 Palermo, Italy. RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; Lo Celso, Fabrizio/B-7554-2012 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU SOCIETA ITALIANA DI FISICA PI BOLOGNA PA VIA SARAGOZZA, 12, I-40123 BOLOGNA, ITALY SN 1124-1896 J9 NUOVO CIMENTO C JI Nuovo Cimento Soc. Ital. Fis. C-Geophys. Space Phys. PD JAN-FEB PY 2007 VL 30 IS 1 BP 129 EP 138 DI 10.1393/ncc/i2006-10038-6 PG 10 GA 168PD UT WOS:000246535600016 ER PT J AU Burwell, D Tolkova, E Chawla, A AF Burwell, David Tolkova, Elena Chawla, Arun TI Diffusion and dispersion characterization of a numerical tsunami model SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE mathematical models; diffusion; dispersion tsunamis ID RUNUP AB The Method Of Splitting Tsunami numerical model is being developed at the NOAA Center for Tsunami Research for use in the tsunami forecasting system in the United States. The ability to produce fast and accurate forecast of tsunami is critical, and the tradeoff between high speed model runs and numerical errors that are introduced due to finite grid parameters must be evaluated. The details of the underlying numerics of this model are examined in an effort to understand the numerical diffusion and dispersion inherent in finite difference models. Diffusion and dispersion are quantified in a simplified linear case, and extended in a qualitative manner to general cases. This knowledge is valuable in the development of efficient grids that will provide accurate solutions in a tsunami forecasting framework, as well as in choosing free parameters in a manner that allows a fit with theoretical dispersion. A variable space grid scheme that uses numerical dispersion to mimic theoretical dispersion is outlined. Also, areas in parameter space that will result in unrealistic wave fields and thus should be avoided are highlighted. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA NCEP EMC Marine Modelling & Anal Branch, SAIC GSO, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Tolkova, E (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM db26@u.washington.edu; elena.tolkova@noaa.gov; -Arun.Chawla@iioaa.gov NR 16 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1-2 BP 10 EP 30 DI 10.1016/i.ocemod.2007.05.003 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 217KC UT WOS:000249945800002 ER PT J AU Gnanadesikan, A Griffies, SM Samuels, BL AF Gnanadesikan, Anand Griffies, Stephen M. Samuels, Bonita L. TI Effects in a climate model of slope tapering in neutral physics schemes SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE ocean circulation; eddies; mixed layer; modelling ID OCEAN CIRCULATION MODELS; HEAT-TRANSPORT; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION; TRACER; SENSITIVITY; PYCNOCLINE; ATMOSPHERE; FLOW AB In many global ocean climate models, mesoscale eddies are parameterized as along isopycnal diffusion and eddy-induced advection (or equivalently skew-diffusion). The eddy-induced advection flattens isopycnals and acts as a sink of available potential energy, whereas the isopycnal diffusion mixes tracers along neutral directions. While much effort has gone into estimating diffusivities associated with this closure, less attention has been paid to the details of how this closure (which tries to flatten isopycnals) interacts with the mixed layer (in which vertical mixing tries to drive the isopycnals vertical). In order to maintain numerical stability, models often stipulate a maximum slope S(max) which in combination with the thickness diffusivity A(gm) defines a maximum eddy-induced advective transport A(gm)*S(max). In this paper, we examine the impact of changing S(max) within the GFDL global coupled climate model. We show that this parameter produces significant changes in wintertime mixed layer depth, with implications for wintertime temperatures in key regions, the distribution of precipitation, and the vertical structure of heat uptake. Smaller changes are seen in details of ventilation and currents, and even smaller changes as regards the overall hydrography. The results suggest that not only the value of the coefficient, but the details of the tapering scheme, need to be considered when comparing isopycnal mixing schemes in models. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Inst Geophys Fluid Dynam, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Gnanadesikan, A (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Inst Geophys Fluid Dynam, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM gnana@splash.princeton.edu RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116 NR 54 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 16 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.06.004 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 130YA UT WOS:000243833700001 ER PT J AU Thacker, WC AF Thacker, W. C. TI Data assimilation with inequality constraints SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE oceanic data assimilation; estimation theory; HYCOM; inequality constraint ID XBT DATA; PART I; OCEAN; PREDICTION; MODELS; HYCOM AB If values of variables in a numerical model are limited to specified ranges, these restrictions should be enforced when data are assimilated. The simplest option is to assimilate without regard for constraints and then to correct any violations without worrying about additional corrections implied by correlated errors. This paper addresses the incorporation of inequality constraints into the standard variational framework of optimal interpolation with emphasis on our limited knowledge of the underlying probability distributions. Simple examples involving only two or three variables are used to illustrate graphically how active constraints can be treated as error-free data when background errors obey a truncated multi-normal distribution. Using Lagrange multipliers, the formalism is expanded to encompass the active constraints. Two algorithms are presented, both relying on a solution ignoring the inequality constraints to discover violations to be enforced. While explicitly enforcing a subset can, via correlations, correct the others, pragmatism based on our poor knowledge of the underlying probability distributions suggests the expedient of enforcing them all explicitly to avoid the computationally expensive task of determining the minimum active set. If additional violations are encountered with these solutions, the process can be repeated. Simple examples are used to illustrate the algorithms and to examine the nature of the corrections implied by correlated errors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Thacker, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM carlisle.thacker@noaa.gov RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013 OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826 NR 22 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2007 VL 16 IS 3-4 BP 264 EP 276 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2006.11.001 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 149XM UT WOS:000245180200007 ER PT J AU Gnanadesikan, A Russell, JL Zeng, F AF Gnanadesikan, A. Russell, J. L. Zeng, Fanrong TI How does ocean ventilation change under global warming? SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; DENITRIFICATION; SIMULATIONS; THERMOCLINE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; ATMOSPHERE; CYCLE AB Since the upper ocean takes up much of the heat added to the earth system by anthropogenic global warming, one would expect that global warming would lead to an increase in stratification and a decrease in the ventilation of the ocean interior. However, multiple simulations in global coupled climate models using an ideal age tracer which is set to zero in the mixed layer and ages at 1 yr/yr outside this layer show that the intermediate depths in the low latitudes, Northwest Atlantic, and parts of the Arctic Ocean become younger under global warming. This paper reconciles these apparently contradictory trends, showing that the decreases result from changes in the relative contributions of old deep waters and younger surface waters. Implications for the tropical oxygen minimum zones, which play a critical role in global biogeochemical cycling are considered in detail. C1 NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RSIS, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Gnanadesikan, A (reprint author), NOAA Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. EM anand.gnanadesikan@noaa.gov RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Russell, Joellen/0000-0001-9937-6056 NR 33 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2007 VL 3 IS 1 BP 43 EP 53 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 229UY UT WOS:000250832600004 ER PT B AU Stanton, TK Chu, D Jech, JM Irish, JD AF Stanton, Timothy K. Chu, D. Jech, J. Michael Irish, James D. GP IEEE TI A broadband echosounder for resonance classification of swimbladder-bearing fish SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND DE acoustic scattering; marine animals; marine technology ID SCATTERING; VOLUME AB A new echosounder that exploits the resonance frequency of swimbladder-bearing fish is described. The system is a custom configuration of a commercial device originally developed for studying the seafloor and adapted for studying fish. The frequencies span the range 1.7 kHz to 100 kHz, with some gaps, with the lower portion of that range corresponding to the resonance frequency of common adult fish. Through pulse-compression processing of the broadband signals, the range resolution is greatly improved to about 20 cm at the lowest frequencies and about 3 cm at the highest frequencies. As a result of the resonance classification at these low frequencies, significant ambiguities that are normally associated with interpretation of high frequency echosounder data are eliminated. Summarized in this paper are the design and calibration of the system, as well as results from using the system to study schools of fish in the ocean. C1 [Stanton, Timothy K.; Chu, D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Jech, J. Michael] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Irish, James D.] Univ New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Stanton, TK (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM tstanton@whoi.edu FU U.S. Office of Naval Research [N00014-04-1-0475, N00014-04-1-0440] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Office of Naval Research under Grants N00014-04-1-0475 and N00014-04-1-0440. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 839 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200157 ER PT B AU Colton, MC Vogt, B AF Colton, Marie C. Vogt, Bruce GP IEEE TI Meeting future marine challenges: Charting the course of NOAAs national ocean service science and technology enterprise towards ecosystem service and stewardship SO OCEANS 2007 - EUROPE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2007 Europe International Conference CY JUN 18-21, 2007 CL Aberdeen, SCOTLAND AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is the premier civilian ocean agency in the United States. To meet its mission, the agency addresses coastal and ocean challenges on a daily basis focusing on issues ranging from fish stock assessments to coastal inundation. NOAA relies upon a broad science and technology enterprise that produces the products and services necessary to make sound management decisions. Comprised of nine programmatic lines, NOAA's National Ocean Service (NOS) has a wide-range set of inter-related challenges extending from management of estuaries and marine protected areas to operational oceanography and forecasting. In 2006, NOS established a Science and Technology Board to evaluate its diverse scientific enterprise and apply its wide range of skills and centuries of experience to the modern challenge of developing ecosystem based ocean and coastal services. C1 [Colton, Marie C.; Vogt, Bruce] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Colton, MC (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0634-0 PY 2007 BP 1405 EP 1409 PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BHK06 UT WOS:000253702200266 ER PT J AU Short, JW Springman, KR AF Short, Jeffrey W. Springman, Kathrine R. BA Wang, Z Stout, SA BF Wang, Z Stout, SA TI Identification of Hydrocarbons in Biological Samples for Source Determination SO OIL SPILL ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS: FINGERPRINTING AND SOURCE IDENTIFICATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; MUSSEL MYTILUS-EDULIS; WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; CYTOCHROME-P450 1A INDUCTION; ISOPRENOID HYDROCARBONS; BROWN BULLHEAD; FISH EMBRYOS; ENGLISH SOLE C1 [Short, Jeffrey W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Springman, Kathrine R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95617 USA. RP Short, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. NR 100 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-046773-3 PY 2007 BP 381 EP 403 PG 23 WC Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCU28 UT WOS:000311430000013 ER PT J AU Simecek-Beatty, D Lehr, WJ AF Simecek-Beatty, Debra Lehr, William J. BA Wang, Z Stout, SA BF Wang, Z Stout, SA TI Trajectory Modeling of Marine Oil Spills SO OIL SPILL ENVIRONMENTAL FORENSICS: FINGERPRINTING AND SOURCE IDENTIFICATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LANGMUIR CIRCULATION; FLOATING PARTICLES; SURFACE DRIFT; DISPERSION; WIND; TRANSPORT; MOVEMENT C1 [Simecek-Beatty, Debra; Lehr, William J.] NOAA, Hazardous Mat Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Simecek-Beatty, D (reprint author), NOAA, Hazardous Mat Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 64 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA BN 978-0-08-046773-3 PY 2007 BP 405 EP 418 DI 10.1016/B978-012369523-9.50017-3 PG 14 WC Engineering, Petroleum; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BCU28 UT WOS:000311430000014 ER PT S AU Hester, BC Crawford, A Kishore, RB Helmerson, K Halas, NJ Levin, C AF Hester, Brooke C. Crawford, Alice Kishore, Rani B. Helmerson, Kristian Halas, Naomi J. Levin, Carly BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Optical trapping of nanoshells - art. no. 66441B SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation IV CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nanoshell; plasmon; optical trapping; optical tweezers; resonant trapping AB We investigate near-resonant trapping of Rayleigh particles in optical tweezers. Although optical forces due to a near-resonant laser beam have been extensively studied for atoms, the situation for larger particles is that the laser wavelength is far from any absorption resonance. Theory predicts, however, that the trapping force exerted on a Rayleigh particle is enhanced, and may be three to fifty times larger for frequencies near resonance than for frequencies far off resonance.(1) The ability to selectively trap only particles with a given absorption peak may have many practical applications. In order to investigate near-resonant trapping we are using nanoshells, particles with a dielectric core and metallic coating that can exhibit plasmon resonances. The resonances of the nanoshells can be tuned by adjusting the ratio of the radius of the dielectric core, r(1), to the overall radius, r(2), which includes the thickness of the metallic coating. (2,3) Our nanoshells, fabricated at Rice University, consist of a silica core with a gold coating. Using back focal plane detection, we measure the trap stiffness of a single focus optical trap (optical tweezers), from a diode laser at 853 nm for nanoshells with several different r(1)/r(2), ratios. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hester, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013; Crawford, Alice/P-6996-2015 OI Crawford, Alice/0000-0001-6570-6870 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6792-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6644 BP B6441 EP B6441 DI 10.1117/12.735276 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGX72 UT WOS:000251162100026 ER PT S AU Helmerson, K Reiner, JE Crawford, AM Jofre, AM Kishore, RB Goldner, LS Tang, JY Greene, ME Gilson, M AF Helmerson, Kristian Reiner, Joseph E. Crawford, Alice M. Jofre, Ana M. Kishore, Rani B. Goldner, Loni S. Tang, Jianyong Greene, Mark E. Gilson, Michael BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Hydrosomes: Optically trapped water droplets as nano-containers - art. no. 66440D SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation IV CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE optical tweezers; microfluidics; nano-containers; hydrosomes; emulsions; single molecule; FRET ID TRANSFER CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; IN-OIL EMULSION; SINGLE MOLECULES; FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; ENCAPSULATION; MANIPULATION; COMPARTMENTS; PEPTIDES; PROTEINS AB We demonstrate a novel technique for creating, manipulating, and combining femtoliter to attoliter volume chemical containers. Possible uses include creating controlled chemical reactions involving small quantities of reagent, and studying the dynamics of single molecules. The containers, which we call hydrosomes, are surfactant stabilized aqueous droplets in a low index-of-refraction fluorocarbon medium. The index of refraction mismatch between the container and fluorocarbon is such that individual hydrosomes can be optically trapped by single focus laser beams, i.e. optical tweezers. Previous work on single molecules usually involved the tethering of the molecule to a surface, in order to interrogate the molecule for an extended period of time. The use of hydrosomes opens up the possibility for studying free molecules, away from any perturbing surface. We show that this is indeed true in the case of quantitative FRET with RNA. Furthermore, we demonstrate the controlled fusion of two hydrosomes for studying reactions, such as DNA binding kinetics, and single molecule dynamics under non-equilibrium conditions. We also show the applicability of our technique in analytical chemistry, such as for molecule identification and sorting. C1 NIST, Phys Lab, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Helmerson, K (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013; Crawford, Alice/P-6996-2015 OI Crawford, Alice/0000-0001-6570-6870 NR 41 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6792-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6644 BP D6440 EP D6440 DI 10.1117/12.735261 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGX72 UT WOS:000251162100008 ER PT S AU Jofre, AM Tang, J Greene, ME Lowman, GM Hodas, N Kishore, R Helmerson, K Goldner, LS AF Jofre, Ana M. Tang, Jianyong Greene, Mark E. Lowman, Geoffrey M. Hodas, Nathan Kishore, Rani Helmerson, Kristian Goldner, Lori S. BE Dholakia, K Spalding, GC TI Hydrosomes: Femtoliter containers for fluorescence spectroscopy studies - art. no. 66440E SO OPTICAL TRAPPING AND OPTICAL MICROMANIPULATION IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Trapping and Optical Micromanipulation IV CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE nanocontainers; nanodroplets; optical trapping; single molecule; anisotropy; fluorescence spectroscopy; nanochemistry; microreactors ID TRANSFER CONFOCAL MICROSCOPY; ANISOTROPY DECAY; SINGLE MOLECULES; DYNAMICS; PROTEIN; DNA; LIFETIMES; PEPTIDES AB We report on improvements and innovations in the use of hydrosomes to encapsulate and study single molecules. Hydrosomes are optically-trappable aqueous nanodroplets. The droplets are suspended in a fluorocarbon medium that is immiscible with water and has an index of refraction lower than water, so hydrosomes are stable and optically trapped by a focused laser beam (optical tweezers). Using optical tweezers, we hold the hydrosomes within a confocal observation volume and interrogate the encapsulated molecule by fluorescence excitation. This method allows for long observation times of a molecule without the need for surface immobilization or liposome encapsulation. We have developed a new way for creating hydrosomes on demand by inertially launching them into the fluorocarbon matrix using a piezo-activated micropipette. Time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy studies are carried out to characterize the effects of the hydrosome interface boundary on biological molecules and to determine whether molecules encapsulated within hydrosomes diffuse freely throughout the available volume. We measured the fluorescence anisotropy decay of 20mer DNA duplexes, and enhanced green fluorescent protein (GFP). We conclude that the molecules rotate freely inside the nanodroplets and do not stick or aggregate at the boundary. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jofre, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6792-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6644 BP E6440 EP E6440 DI 10.1117/12.729515 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGX72 UT WOS:000251162100009 ER PT S AU Bienfang, JC Rogers, D Restelli, A Clark, CW Williams, CJ Mink, A Hershman, B Nakassis, T Tang, X Su, D AF Bienfang, J. C. Rogers, Daniel Restelli, Alessandro Clark, Charles W. Williams, Carl J. Mink, Alan Hershman, Barry Nakassis, Tassos Tang, X. Su, D. BE Eldada, LA Lee, EH TI Free-space quantum key distribution at GHz repetition rates - art. no. 64760H SO Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits IX CY JAN 22-24, 2007 CL San Jose, CA DE single-photon detection; quantum key distribution; avalanche photodiode AB Quantum key distribution (QKD) can produce secure cryptographic key for use in symmetric cryptosystems. By adopting clock-recovery techniques from modem telecommunications practice we have demonstrated a free-space quantum key distribution system operating at a transmission rate of 625 MHz at 850 run. The transmission rate of this system is ultimately limited by the timing resolution of the single-photon avalanche photodiodes (SPADs), and we present a solution to take advantage of SPADs with higher timing resolution that can enable repetition rates up to 2.5 GHz. We also show that with high-repetition-rate sub-clock gating these higher-resolution SPAI)s can reduce the system's exposure to solar background photons, thus reducing the quantum-bit error rate (QBER) and improving system performance. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bienfang, JC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010; Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6589-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6476 BP H4760 EP H4760 AR 64760H DI 10.1117/12.713630 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGC83 UT WOS:000246080100015 ER PT S AU Hamadani, BH LeBoeuf, JL Kline, RJ McCulloch, I Heeney, M Richter, CA Richter, LJ Gundlach, DJ AF Hamadani, B. H. LeBoeuf, J. L. Kline, R. J. McCulloch, I. Heeney, M. Richter, C. A. Richter, L. J. Gundlach, D. J. BE Bao, Z Gundlach, DJ TI Distinguishing between nonlinear channel transport and contact effects in organic FETs - art. no. 66580V SO ORGANIC FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS VI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Field-Effect Transistors VI CY AUG 26-28, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE organic field-effect transistor; contact resistance; channel resistance; Poole-Frenkel effect ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; MOBILITY AB We investigate charge injection and transport in organic field-effect transistors fabricated by using poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophene-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (pBTTT-C14) or poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as the active polymer layer. We show that in high mobility devices where the channel resistances are low compared to the contact resistances, the device performance can be dominated by the metal/organic semiconductor (OSC) contacts. However, in sets of devices where the channel resistance is dominant over the contacts (usually the lower mobility devices), we see pronounced field dependence in the saturation regime mobilities consistent with a Poole-Frenkel model of charge transport within the channel. The field-dependent mobility in short-channel devices produces nonlinear output current-voltage characteristics which can be modeled consistently in the Poole-Frenkel framework. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013; Caironi, Mario/O-2745-2013; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020; Caironi, Mario/0000-0002-0442-4439; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6806-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6658 BP V6580 EP V6580 DI 10.1117/12.734433 PG 8 WC Crystallography; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Crystallography; Engineering; Materials Science GA BGX49 UT WOS:000251151300015 ER PT J AU Short, JW Kolak, JJ Payne, JR Van Kooten, GK AF Short, Jeffrey W. Kolak, Jonathan J. Payne, James R. Van Kooten, Gerald K. TI An evaluation of petrogenic hydrocarbons in northern Gulf of Alaska continental shelf sediments - The role of coastal oil seep inputs SO ORGANIC GEOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; EXXON-VALDEZ-OIL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; SUBTIDAL SEDIMENTS; BENTHIC SEDIMENTS; SURFACE SEDIMENTS; LEAST-SQUARES; BEAUFORT SEA; GEOCHEMISTRY; SPILL AB We compared hydrocarbons in water, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and riparian sediment collected from coastal watersheds along the Yakataga foreland with corresponding hydrocarbons in Gulf of Alaska benthic sediments. This comparison allows an evaluation of hydrocarbon contributions to marine sediments from natural oil seeps, coal and organic matter (e.g., kerogen) associated with eroding siliciclastic rocks. The samples from oil seeps show extensive loss of low-molecular weight n-alkanes (< n-C-14) and the presence of large, bimodal unresolved complex mixtures (UCMs), in contrast to the hydrocarbon fingerprints on the SPM and riparian sediment samples collected upstream from the oil seeps. After entering the fluvial systems, hydrocarbons from seep oils are rapidly diluted, and associate with the SPM phase as oil-mineral-aggregates (OMA). Johnston Creek, the watershed containing the most prolific seep, conveys detectable seep-derived hydrocarbons to the Gulf of Alaska, but overall seep inputs are largely attenuated by the (non-seep) petrogenic hydrocarbon content of the high SPM loads. In contrast to the geochemical signature of seep oil, Gulf of Alaska benthic sediments are characterized by abundant alkylated naphthalene homologues, relatively smooth n-alkane envelopes (n-C-9 through n-C-34, but with elevated levels of n-C-27, n-C-29, and n-C-31), and small UCMs. Further, hydrocarbons in benthic sediments are highly intercor-related. Taken together, these characteristics indicate that seep oil is a negligible petrogenic hydrocarbon source to the Gulf of Alaska continental shelf. Coaly material separated from the benthic sediment samples using a dense liquid (similar to 2.00 g cm(-3)) also accounted for a minor portion of the total PAH (1-6%) and total n-alkanes (0.4-2%) in the benthic samples. Most of the hydrocarbon burden in the sediments is found in the denser sediment fraction and likely derives from organic matter contributed by denudation of siliciclastic formations in the Yakutat terrane. We therefore conclude that previous investigations relying on source allocation models have considerably overestimated oil seeps as a hydrocarbon source to the Gulf of Alaska. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Payne Environm Consultants Inc, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. Calvin Coll, Dept Geol Geog & Environm Studies, Grand Rapids, MI 49546 USA. RP Short, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Jeff.Short@noaa.gov OI Kolak, Jonathan/0000-0003-2981-9522 NR 51 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0146-6380 J9 ORG GEOCHEM JI Org. Geochem. PY 2007 VL 38 IS 4 BP 643 EP 670 DI 10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.12.005 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 165OS UT WOS:000246315400007 ER PT J AU Van Tilburg, HK AF Van Tilburg, Hans Konrad BE Jameson, JH ScottIreton, DA TI Unseen Battlefields: The Japanese Midget Sub at Pearl Harbor SO OUT OF THE BLUE: PUBLIC INTERPRETATION OF MARITIME CULTURAL RESOURCES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 NOAA Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. RP Van Tilburg, HK (reprint author), NOAA Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, 6600 Kalanianaole Highway,Suite 302, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-47862-3 PY 2007 BP 182 EP 195 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-47862-3 PG 14 WC Archaeology SC Archaeology GA BKO72 UT WOS:000268807500014 ER PT J AU Graczyk, TK Lewis, EJ Glass, G Dasilva, AJ Tamang, L Girouard, AS Curriero, FC AF Graczyk, Thaddeus K. Lewis, Earl J. Glass, Gregory Dasilva, Alexandre J. Tamang, Leena Girouard, Autumn S. Curriero, Frank C. TI Quantitative assessment of viable Cryptosporidium parvum load in commercial oysters (Crassostrea virginica) in the Chesapeake Bay SO PARASITOLOGY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID HEALTHY-ADULTS; MOLLUSCAN SHELLFISH; INFECTIOUS-DISEASES; BIVALVE MOLLUSKS; OOCYSTS; RNA; CONTAMINATION; CONSUMPTION; VIABILITY; SURVIVAL AB The epidemiological importance of increasing reports worldwide on Cryptosporidium contamination of oysters remains unknown in relation to foodborne cryptosporidiosis. Thirty market-size oysters (Crassostrea virginica), collected from each of 53 commercial harvesting sites in Chesapeake Bay, MD, were quantitatively tested in groups of six for Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts by immunofluorescent antibody (IFA). After IFA analysis, the samples were retrospectively retested for viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts by combined fluorescent in situ hybridization ( FISH) and IFA. The mean cumulative numbers of Cryptosporidium sp. oocysts in six oysters (overall, 42.1 +/- 4.1) were significantly higher than in the numbers of viable C. parvum oocysts (overall, 28.0 +/- 2.9). Of 265 oyster groups, 221 (83.4%) contained viable C. parvum oocysts, and overall, from 10-32% (mean, 23%) of the total viable oocysts were identified in the hemolymph as distinct from gill washings. The amount of viable C. parvum oocysts was not related to oyster size or to the level of fecal coliforms at the sampling site. This study demonstrated that, although oysters are frequently contaminated with oocysts, the levels of viable oocysts may be too low to cause infection in healthy individuals. FISH assay for identification can be retrospectively applied to properly stored samples. C1 Johns Hopkins Blooberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Johns Hopkins Blooberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Mol Microbiol & Immunol, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomo, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Publ Hlth Serv, US Dept Hlth & Publ Serv, Div Parasit Dis,Natl Ctr Infect Dis, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. RP Graczyk, TK (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Blooberg Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Div Environm Hlth Engn, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA. EM tgraczyk@jhsph.edu FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P30 ES03819] NR 38 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0932-0113 J9 PARASITOL RES JI Parasitol. Res. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 100 IS 2 BP 247 EP 253 DI 10.1007/s00436-006-0261-5 PG 7 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 111GL UT WOS:000242439300008 PM 16896650 ER PT S AU Grossman, EN Dietlein, CR Chisum, J Luukanen, A Bjarnason, JE Brown, ER AF Grossman, E. N. Dietlein, C. R. Chisum, J. Luukanen, A. Bjarnason, J. E. Brown, E. R. BE Appleby, R Wikner, DA TI Spectral decomposition of ultrawideband terahertz imagery - art. no. 654807 SO Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology X SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Passive Millimeter-Wave Imaging Technology X CY APR 11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE bolometer; concealed weapons; imaging; millimeter-wave; terahertz; ultrabroadband AB We investigate the spectral response of a THz imaging system based on ultrawideband cryogenic microbolometers. The bandwidth if this system, nominally 0.2 - 1.8 THz, is broad enough to span large variations (>10 dB) in clothing transmittance and diffraction-limited spatial resolution (factor of x8), factors that are presumably partly responsible for the unusually high quality of the images taken with it. The chief tools we have used for this are a simple THz monochromator based on a specially designed frequency selective surface, and a specially designed blackbody source that provides an accurately known power spectral density over the full bandwidth of the imager. Two completely independent measurements of the microbolometer's spectral response, in the first case using a filtered blackbody and in the second using an ultrabroadband, THz photomixer, referred to a Golay cell, agree within 5%. Evidence of frequency-dependent scattering from ordinary clothing material, distinct from simple linear attenuation, is presented from an idealized laboratory experiment. However, the scattering is relatively weak, and unlikely to have a significant effect in practical THz imaging scenarios, particularly with ultrawide bandwidths. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Grossman, EN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6670-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6548 BP 54807 EP 54807 AR 654807 DI 10.1117/12.719632 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGL67 UT WOS:000248222600006 ER PT J AU Crognale, MA Eckert, SA Levenson, DH Harms, CA AF Crognale, M. A. Eckert, S. A. Levenson, D. H. Harms, C. A. TI Visual capacities in adult and hatchling leatherback sea turtles SO PERCEPTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Crognale, M. A.] Univ Nevada, Dept Psychol, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Eckert, S. A.] Duke Univ, Beaufort, NC USA. [Levenson, D. H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Harms, C. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Morehead City, NC USA. EM mikro@unr.edu RI Crognale, Michael/K-4462-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PION LTD PI LONDON PA 207 BRONDESBURY PARK, LONDON NW2 5JN, ENGLAND SN 0301-0066 J9 PERCEPTION JI Perception PY 2007 VL 36 SU S BP 190 EP 191 PG 2 WC Ophthalmology; Psychology; Psychology, Experimental SC Ophthalmology; Psychology GA 226NA UT WOS:000250594600682 ER PT J AU Weiner, JA DeLorenzo, ME Fulton, MH AF Weiner, Jeannette A. DeLorenzo, Marie E. Fulton, Michael H. TI Atrazine induced species-specific alterations in the subcellular content of microalgal cells SO PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE microalgae; atrazine; protein; carbon allocation; subcellular response ID NUTRIENT LIMITATION; LABELING PATTERNS; FOOD PREFERENCE; RISK-ASSESSMENT; SPRING BLOOM; PHYTOPLANKTON; PRODUCTS; GROWTH; OCEAN; RIVER AB Physiological effects of the commonly used herbicide atrazine were examined by quantifying changes in carbon allocation into macromolecular pools (low molecular weight (LMW) molecules, lipids, polysaccharides, and proteins) of five microalgal species. Despite decreased growth rate in all test populations, total carbon uptake per cell varied among species. Specifically, total carbon uptake per cell was unaffected in Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata and Isochrysis galbana; increased in Synechococcus sp.; and decreased in Dunaliella tertiolecta and Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In the chlorophytes, P. subcapitata and D. tertiolecta, carbon allocation into LMW molecules increased while carbon allocation into protein decreased. D. tertiolecta also increased carbon allocation into lipids and polysaccharides at the highest atrazine treatment. In the cyanobacterium, Synechococcus sp., carbon allocation into LMW molecules decreased and carbon allocation into protein increased. The diatom, P. tricornutum, had decreased carbon allocation into protein at the highest atrazine concentration tested. No significant macromolecular changes were found in the prymnesiophyte, I. galbana. Alterations in the macromolecular composition of microalgal species may negatively affect higher trophic levels, as nutritionally altered algal cells may have a reduced energy per mass uptake for consumers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Coastal Ctr Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Norman J Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Coastal Ctr Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Fort Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0048-3575 J9 PESTIC BIOCHEM PHYS JI Pest. Biochem. Physiol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 87 IS 1 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.pestbp.2006.06.003 PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Entomology; Physiology GA 115NU UT WOS:000242741800007 ER PT S AU Dixson, R Orji, NG Potzick, J Fu, J Allen, RA Cresswell, M Smith, S Walton, AJ Tsiamis, A AF Dixson, Ronald Orji, Ndubuisi G. Potzick, James Fu, Joseph Allen, Richard A. Cresswell, Michael Smith, Stewart Walton, Anthony J. Tsiamis, Andreas BE Naber, RJ TI Photomask applications of traceable atomic force microscope dimensional metrology at NIST SO PHOTOMASK TECHNOLOGY 2007, PTS 1-3 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual BACUS Symposium on Photomask Technology CY SEP 18-21, 2007 CL Monterey, CA SP BACUS, SPIE Int Tech Grp DE CD-AFM; metrology; CD; linewidth; reference measurement system; standards; calibration; traceability ID CD-AFM; LINEWIDTH MEASUREMENTS; STANDARD; CALIBRATION AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a multifaceted program in atomic force microscope (AFM) dimensional metrology. Three major instruments are being used for traceable measurements. The first is a custom in-house metrology AFM, called the calibrated AFM (C-AFM), the second is the first generation of commercially available critical dimension AFM (CD-AFM), and the third is a current generation CD-AFM at SEMATECH-for which NIST has established the calibration and uncertainties. All of these instruments have useful applications in photomask metrology. Linewidth reference metrology is an important application of CD-AFM. We have performed a preliminary comparison of linewidths measured by CD-AFM and by electrical resistance metrology on a binary mask. For the ten selected test structures with on-mask linewidths between 350 nm and 600 nm, most of the observed differences were less than 5 nm, and all of them were less than 10 nm. The offsets were often within the estimated uncertainties of the AFM measurements, without accounting for the effect of linewidth roughness or the uncertainties of electrical measurements. The most recent release of the NIST photomask standard-which is Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2059-was also supported by CD-AFM reference measurements. We review the recent advances in AFM linewidth metrology that will reduce the uncertainty of AFM measurements on this and future generations of the NIST photomask standard. The NIST C-AFM has displacement metrology for all three axes traceable to the 633 nm wavelength of the iodine-stabilized He-Ne laser. One of the important applications of the C-AFM is step height metrology, which has some relevance to phase shift calibration. In the current generation of the system, the approximate level of relative standard uncertainty for step height measurements at the 100 nm scale is 0.1 %. We discuss the monitor history of a 290 nm step height, originally measured on the C-AFM with a 1.9 nm (k = 2) expanded uncertainty, and describe advances that bring the step height uncertainty of recent measurements to an estimated 0.6 nm (k = 2). Based on this work, we expect to be able to reduce the topographic component of phase uncertainty in alternating aperture phase shift masks (AAPSM) by a factor of three compared to current calibrations based on earlier generation step height references. C1 [Dixson, Ronald; Orji, Ndubuisi G.; Potzick, James; Fu, Joseph; Allen, Richard A.; Cresswell, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dixson, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8212, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Walton, Anthony/A-1550-2010; Walton, Anthony/B-9108-2009; Smith, Stewart/C-1178-2008 OI Smith, Stewart/0000-0002-7004-9219 NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6887-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6730 AR 67303D DI 10.1117/12.746755 PN 1-3 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BHJ06 UT WOS:000253477000110 ER PT S AU Polyakov, SV Migdall, A AF Polyakov, Sergey V. Migdall, Alan BE Prochazka, I Migdall, AL Pauchard, A Dusek, M Hillery, MS Schleich, WP TI High accuracy calibration of photon-counting detectors "On demand" SO PHOTON COUNTING APPLICATIONS, QUANTUM OPTICS, AND QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photon Counting Applications, Quantum Optics, and Quantum Cryptography CY APR 18-19, 2007 CL Prague, CZECH REPUBLIC SP SPIE Europe, SPIE Czech Republic, COST, European Sci Fdn, Czech & Slovak Soc Photon, ePIXnet, Fyzikalni Ustav, Meta Morphose, Network Excellence Micro Opt, PhOREMOST, SPIE Poland Chapter DE calibration; detector; metrology; photon; photon counting; down-conversion; correlated photons; statistical methods ID QUANTUM-EFFICIENCY; TIME AB We introduce a portable, inexpensive and reliable scheme for calibration of photon-counting detectors based on our recent comparison of two independent high accuracy primary standard calibration methods. We have verified the calibration method based on two-photon correlations and its uncertainty by comparing it to a substitution method using a conventionally calibrated transfer detector tied to a national primary standard detector scale. We have reported a relative standard uncertainty for the correlated-photon method of 0.18 % (k=1) and for the substitution method of 0.17 % (k=1). Further we established, by direct comparison in a series of measurements, that the two methods agree to within the uncertainty of the comparison, with the difference being 0.14(14) %. While this experiment can be repeated in the laboratory setting, the calibration methods are not appropriate for everyday use. However, using photon-counting detector properties brought to light by our comparison of the two methods we introduce a relatively low cost calibration technique that will allow for 0.5% (k = 1) uncertainty. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6711-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6583 AR 65830A DI 10.1117/12.723218 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BGO82 UT WOS:000249095500008 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Sharping, JE Cicerone, MT AF Liu, Yuexin Sharping, Jay E. Cicerone, Marcus T. BE Guo, R Yin, SS Yu, FTS TI Numerical simulation of supercontinuum generation in GeO2 doped fiber - art. no. 66980X SO PHOTONIC FIBER AND CRYSTAL DEVICES: ADVANCES IN MATERIALS AND INNOVATIONS IN DEVICE APPLICATIONS SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Photonic Fiber and Crystal Devices CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE CARS; supercontinuum; self phase modulation; stimulated Raman scattering; GeO2 doped fiber ID OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY; PHOTONIC-CRYSTAL FIBERS; ZERO DISPERSION WAVELENGTHS; NONLINEAR REFRACTIVE-INDEX; RAMAN RESPONSE FUNCTION; CONTINUUM GENERATION; MU-M; FEMTOSECOND; PULSES; SINGLE AB Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy promises non-invasive, high information content microscopic imaging for live cells and tissues. Generation of a broadband continuum with appropriate characteristics to be used for Stokes light has been a roadblock for bringing this promise to fruition. Here we present numerical and experimental work towards generation of a suitable Stokes light continuum from a femtosecond pulse laser. In the simulations, the pulse propagation along the fiber is governed by the generalized nonlinear Schrodinger equation, including linear effects from the group velocity dispersion and the nonlinear effects from self phase modulation, delayed Raman scattering process and self-steepening. The equations are integrated using a symmetrized split-step Fourier method. Optimal fiber-related simulation parameters used in the model, such as the nonlinear coefficient, dispersion coefficients and the fraction of the stimulated Raman scattering contribution etc, are systematically investigated and determined for the GeO2 doped fiber. C1 [Liu, Yuexin; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 43 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6846-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6698 BP X6980 EP X6980 DI 10.1117/12.738606 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Optics GA BGY49 UT WOS:000251356500018 ER PT J AU Kumar, RS Cornelius, AL Somayazulu, M Errandonea, D Nicol, MF Gardner, J AF Kumar, Ravhi S. Cornelius, Andrew L. Somayazulu, Maddury Errandonea, Daniel Nicol, Malcolm F. Gardner, Jason TI High pressure structure of Tb2Ti2O7 pyrochlore at cryogenic temperatures SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on High Pressure Semiconductor Physics (HPSP-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL; SPIN LIQUID; FRUSTRATION AB The structure of Tb2Ti2O7 pyrochlore was investigated at high pressures up to 24 GPa at cryogenic temperatures down to 6.5 K using angular dispersive X-ray diffraction with synchrotron radiation at HPCAT, Advanced Photon Source. The cell parameters were obtained by performing full profile Rietveld refinements of the diffraction data. The equation of state is obtained at low temperatures by fitting the pressure-volume data to a second order Birch Murnaghan eqation and a bulk modulus value of 168(4) GPa is obtained. The results show persistance of the pyrochlore structure up to the maximum pressure studied in the experiment and further indicate that pressure induces solely magnetic ordering which do not involve crystal symmetry changes. C1 Univ Nevada, HiPSEC, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Univ Nevada, Dept Phys, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. Univ Valencia, Dept Fis Aplicada, ICMUV, E-46100 Valencia, Spain. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Kumar, RS (reprint author), Univ Nevada, HiPSEC, Las Vegas, NV 89154 USA. EM ravhi@physics.unlv.edu RI Cornelius, Andrew/A-9837-2008; Kumar, Ravhi/B-8427-2012; Errandonea, Daniel/J-7695-2016; OI Errandonea, Daniel/0000-0003-0189-4221; Kumar, Ravhi/0000-0002-1967-1619 NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 244 IS 1 BP 266 EP 269 DI 10.1002/pssb.200672558 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 128XS UT WOS:000243693600047 ER PT J AU Yamaura, K Huang, Q Zhang, L Takada, K Baba, Y Nagai, T Matsui, Y Kosuda, K Takayama-Muromachi, E AF Yamaura, K. Huang, Q. Zhang, L. Takada, K. Baba, Y. Nagai, T. Matsui, Y. Kosuda, K. Takayama-Muromachi, E. TI Post-spinel transition and magnetic properties of LiMn2O4 SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on High Pressure Semiconductor Physics (HPSP-12) CY JUL 31-AUG 03, 2006 CL Barcelona, SPAIN ID HIGH-PRESSURE; CAMN2O4 AB A post spinel transition of LiMn2O4 was recently found at 6 GPa. The high-pressure form crystallizes into a double chain-type structure, isostructural with CaFe2O4 (orthorhombic; Pnma). The orthorhombic unit cell parameters were found anisotropically dependent on the heating condition; it varies similar to 0.5% while less than similar to 0.1% along the chain direction, probably reflecting nature of the anisotropic structure basis. The form is magnetic due to the chain arrangement of the Mn magnetic moments and a magnetically glassy feature was found at similar to 10 K being similar with what was found for the spinel-type LiMn2O4 at similar to 25 K. C1 Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Nano Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Nanosci Mat Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Nano Characterizat Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. Natl Inst Mat Sci, Mat Anal Stn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. RP Yamaura, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Nano Mat Lab, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. EM YAMAURA.Kazunari@nims.go.jp RI NAGAI, Takuro/H-2630-2011 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 244 IS 1 BP 285 EP 289 DI 10.1002/pssb.200672566 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 128XS UT WOS:000243693600051 ER PT J AU Davis, ME Gilles, MK Ravishankara, AR Burkholder, JB AF Davis, M. E. Gilles, M. K. Ravishankara, A. R. Burkholder, James B. TI Rate coeffcients for the reaction of OH with (E)-2-pentenal, (E)-2-hexenal, and (E)-2-heptenal SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; ALIPHATIC-ALDEHYDES; RATE CONSTANTS; UNSATURATED ALDEHYDES; INITIATED OXIDATION; NO3 RADICALS; EMISSIONS; KINETICS; MECHANISM; SERIES AB Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reaction of the OH radical with (E)-2-pentenal (CH3CH2CH=CHCHO), (E)-2-hexenal (CH3(CH2) 2CH=CHCHO), and (E)-2-heptenal (CH3(CH2)(3)CH=CHCHO), a series of unsaturated aldehydes, over the temperature range 244-374 K at pressures between 23 and 150 Torr (He, N-2) are reported. Rate coefficients were measured under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH with OH radicals produced via pulsed laser photolysis of HNO3 or H2O2 at 248 nm and detected by pulsed laser-induced fluorescence. The rate coefficients were independent of pressure and the room temperature rate coefficients and Arrhenius expressions obtained are (cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) units): k(1)(297 K) = (4.3 +/- 0.6) x 10(-11), k(1)(T) = (7.9 +/- 1.2) x 10(-12) exp[(510 +/- 20)/T]; k(2)(297 K) = (4.4 +/- 0.5) x 10(-11), k(2)(T) = (7.5 +/- 1.1) x 10(- 12) exp[(520 +/- 30)/T]; and k(3)(297 K) = (4.4 +/- 0.7) x 10(- 11), k3(T) (9.7 +/- 1.5) x 10(-12) exp[(450 +/- 20)/T] for (E)-2-pentenal, (E)-2-hexenal and ( E)-2-heptenal, respectively. The quoted uncertainties are 2 sigma (95% confidence level) and include estimated systematic errors. Rate coefficients are compared with previously published room temperature values and the discrepancies are discussed. The atmospheric degradation of unsaturated aldehydes is also discussed. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 32 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 18 BP 2240 EP 2248 DI 10.1039/b700235a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 166HE UT WOS:000246368500008 PM 17487321 ER PT J AU Osthoff, HD Pilling, MJ Ravishankara, AR Brown, SS AF Osthoff, Hans D. Pilling, Michael J. Ravishankara, A. R. Brown, Steven S. TI Temperature dependence of the NO(3) absorption cross-section above 298 K and determination of the equilibrium constant for NO(3)+NO(2) <-> N(2)O(5) at atmospherically relevant conditions SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; ABSOLUTE DETERMINATION; NITROGEN-OXIDES; N2O5; SPECTRUM; KINETICS; SYSTEM; DECOMPOSITION AB The reaction NO(3) + NO(2) <-> N(2)O(5) was studied over the 278-323 K temperature range. Concentrations of NO3, N2O5, and NO2 were measured simultaneously in a 3- channel cavity ring- down spectrometer. Equilibrium constants were determined over atmospherically relevant concentration ranges of the three species in both synthetic samples in the laboratory and ambient air samples in the field. A fit to the laboratory data yielded Keq = (5: 1 +/- 0.8) x 10(-27) x e10871 +/- 46/T cm(3) molecule(-1). The temperature dependence of the NO3 absorption cross- section at 662 nm was investigated over the 298-388 K temperature range. The line width was found to be independent of temperature, in agreement with previous results. New data for the peak cross section ( 662.2 nm, vacuum wavelength) were combined with previous measurements in the 200 K-298 K region. A least- squares fit to the combined data gave sigma = [( 4.582 +/- 0.096) - ( 0.00796 +/- 0.00031) x T] x 10(17) cm(2) molecule(-1). C1 Earth Syst Res Lab, NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Leeds, Dept Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), Earth Syst Res Lab, NOAA, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Osthoff, Hans/0000-0001-7155-6493 NR 34 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 26 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 9 IS 43 BP 5785 EP 5793 DI 10.1039/b709193a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 225YM UT WOS:000250554200015 PM 19462574 ER PT J AU Chen, WC Gentile, TR Walker, TG Babcock, E AF Chen, W. C. Gentile, T. R. Walker, T. G. Babcock, E. TI Spin-exchange optical pumping of He-3 with Rb-K mixtures and pure K SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID POLARIZED HE-3; FILTERS; GAS AB We have studied the efficiency of spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) in cells that contain either pure rubidium, mixtures of rubidium and potassium, or pure potassium. Optical pumping was performed with spectrally narrowed diode array lasers operating at either the wavelength of the Rb 5s(1/2)-5p(1/2) transition (795 nm) or the K 4s(1/2)-4p(1/2) transition (770 nm). Calculations of the expected efficiency are shown for practical conditions and compared to measurements. We have measured the vapor density ratio in Rb-K mixture cells using absorption of white light. Our focus is on the conditions that are relevant for neutron spin filters, but the results are relevant to all applications of SEOP. We find that both Rb-K and pure K cells yield improvements in the spin-exchange efficiency, and each approach has its own advantages. Overall, the best results for high polarizing rate with high polarization were obtained with mixture cells with K-Rb vapor density ratios between 2 and 6. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Chen, WC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stop 8461, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Babcock, Earl/E-6700-2011; Walker, Thad/N-5590-2014 OI Babcock, Earl/0000-0002-4215-2075; Walker, Thad/0000-0002-0996-3351 NR 28 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 AR 013416 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.013416 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 131TY UT WOS:000243894100118 ER PT J AU Gomez, E Black, AT Turner, LD Tiesinga, E Lett, PD AF Gomez, E. Black, A. T. Turner, L. D. Tiesinga, E. Lett, P. D. TI Light forces in ultracold photoassociation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; ATOMS; NA-2; SODIUM; STATE; MOLECULES AB We study the time-resolved photoassociation of ultracold sodium in an optical dipole trap. The photoassociation laser excites pairs of atoms to molecular states of large total angular momentum at high intensities (above 20 kW/cm(2)). Such transitions are generally suppressed at ultracold temperatures by the centrifugal barriers for high partial waves. Time-resolved ionization measurements reveal that the atoms are accelerated by the dipole potential of the photoassociation beam. We change the collision energy by varying the potential depth, and observe a strong variation of the photoassociation rate. These results demonstrate the important role of light forces in cw photoassociation at high intensities. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gomez, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Turner, Lincoln/D-5066-2014 OI Turner, Lincoln/0000-0003-0551-5583 NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 AR 013420 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.013420 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 131TY UT WOS:000243894100122 ER PT J AU Knill, E Ortiz, G Somma, RD AF Knill, Emanuel Ortiz, Gerardo Somma, Rolando D. TI Optimal quantum measurements of expectation values of observables SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM; COMPUTATION; ALGORITHMS; COMPUTERS AB Experimental characterizations of a quantum system involve the measurement of expectation values of observables for a preparable state parallel to psi > of the quantum system. Such expectation values can be measured by repeatedly preparing parallel to psi > and coupling the system to an apparatus. For this method, the precision of the measured value scales as 1/root N for N repetitions of the experiment. For the problem of estimating the parameter phi in an evolution e(-i phi H), it is possible to achieve precision 1/N [the quantum metrology limit; see Giovannetti , Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 010401 (2006)] provided that sufficient information about H and its spectrum is available. We consider the more general problem of estimating expectations of operators A with minimal prior knowledge of A. We give explicit algorithms that approach precision 1/N given a bound on the eigenvalues of A or on their tail distribution. These algorithms are particularly useful for simulating quantum systems on quantum computers because they enable efficient measurement of observables and correlation functions. Our algorithms are based on a method for efficiently measuring the complex overlap of parallel to psi > and U parallel to psi >, where U is an implementable unitary operator. We explicitly consider the issue of confidence levels in measuring observables and overlaps and show that, as expected, confidence levels can be improved exponentially with linear overhead. We further show that the algorithms given here can typically be parallelized with minimal increase in resource usage. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Phys, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Knill, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM knill@boulder.nist.gov; g_ortiz@lanl.gov; somma@lanl.gov NR 24 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 AR 012328 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.012328 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 131TY UT WOS:000243894100055 ER PT J AU Shapiro, EA Shapiro, M Pe'er, A Ye, J AF Shapiro, Evgeny A. Shapiro, Moshe Pe'er, Avi Ye, Jun TI Photoassociation adiabatic passage of ultracold Rb atoms to form ultracold Rb-2 molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FINITE-DIFFERENCE SOLUTION; STRONG LASER-PULSES; RICHARDSON EXTRAPOLATION; COLD ATOMS; SCATTERING; COLLISIONS; DIMERS; STATES AB We theoretically explore photoassociation by adiabatic passage of two colliding cold Rb-85 atoms in an atomic trap to form an ultracold Rb-2 molecule. We consider the incoherent thermal nature of the scattering process in a trap and show that coherent manipulations of the atomic ensemble, such as adiabatic passage, are feasible if performed within the coherence time window dictated by the temperature, which is relatively long for cold atoms. We show that a sequence of similar to 2x10(7) pulses of moderate intensities, each lasting similar to 750 ns, can photoassociate a large fraction of the atomic ensemble at temperature of 100 mu K and density of 10(11) atoms/cm(3). Use of multiple pulse sequences makes it possible to populate the ground vibrational state. Employing spontaneous decay from a selected excited state, one can accumulate the molecules in a narrow distribution of vibrational states in the ground electronic potential. Alternatively, by removing the created molecules from the beam path between pulse sets, one can create a low-density ensemble of molecules in their ground rovibrational state. C1 Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Chem Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Shapiro, EA (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Chem, 6174 Univ Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 41 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 AR 013405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.013405 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 131TY UT WOS:000243894100107 ER PT J AU Stickney, JA Anderson, DZ Zozulya, AA AF Stickney, James A. Anderson, Dana Z. Zozulya, Alex A. TI Transistorlike behavior of a Bose-Einstein condensate in a triple-well potential SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID GUIDING NEUTRAL ATOMS; CHIP AB In the last several years considerable efforts have been devoted to developing Bose-Einstein-condensate-based devices for applications such as fundamental research, precision measurements, and integrated atom optics. Such devices, capable of complex functionality, can be designed from simpler building blocks as is done in microelectronics. One of the most important components of microelectronics is a transistor. We demonstrate that a Bose-Einstein condensate in a three-well potential structure where the tunneling of atoms between two wells is controlled by the population in the third shows behavior similar to that of an electronic field-effect transistor. Namely, it exhibits switching and both absolute and differential gain. The role of quantum fluctuations is analyzed, and estimates of the switching time and parameters for the potential are presented. C1 Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stickney, JA (reprint author), Worcester Polytech Inst, Dept Phys, 100 Inst Rd, Worcester, MA 01609 USA. NR 23 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 AR 013608 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.013608 PG 11 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 131TY UT WOS:000243894100135 ER PT J AU Wesenberg, JH Molmer, K Rippe, L Kroll, S AF Wesenberg, Janus H. Molmer, Klaus Rippe, Lars Kroll, Stefan TI Scalable designs for quantum computing with rare-earth-ion-doped crystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID LUMINESCENCE; GATES; ATOM AB Due to inhomogeneous broadening, the absorption lines of rare-earth-ion dopants in crystals are many order of magnitudes wider than the homogeneous linewidths. Several ways have been proposed to use ions with different inhomogeneous shifts as qubit registers, and to perform gate operations between such registers by means of the static dipole coupling between the ions. In this paper we show that in order to implement high-fidelity quantum gate operations by means of the static dipole interaction, we require the participating ions to be strongly coupled, and that the density of such strongly coupled registers in general scales poorly with register size. Although this is critical to previous proposals which rely on a high density of functional registers, we describe architectures and preparation strategies that will allow scalable quantum computers based on rare-earth-ion-doped crystals. C1 Aarhus Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Danish Natl Res Fdn, Ctr Quantum Opt, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Wesenberg, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM janus@boulder.nist.gov RI Wesenberg, Janus/B-6733-2009 OI Wesenberg, Janus/0000-0002-5572-0297 NR 27 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 AR 012304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.75.012304 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 131TY UT WOS:000243894100031 ER PT J AU Bellaiche, L Iniguez, J Cockayne, E Burton, BP AF Bellaiche, L. Iniguez, Jorge Cockayne, Eric Burton, B. P. TI Effects of vacancies on the properties of disordered ferroelectrics: A first-principles study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FINITE-TEMPERATURE PROPERTIES; 1ST PRINCIPLES; RELAXOR FERROELECTRICS; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; PEROVSKITES; BATIO3; BEHAVIOR; ALLOYS AB A first-principles-based model is developed to investigate the influence of lead vacancies on the properties of the disordered Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O-3 (PSN) ferroelectric. Lead vacancies generate large, inhomogeneous, electric fields that reduce barriers between energy minima for different polarization directions. This naturally explains why disordered ferroelectrics with significant lead vacancy concentrations have broadened dielectric peaks at lower temperatures, and why lead vacancies smear properties in the neighborhood of the ferroelectric transition in PSN. We also reconsider the conventional wisdom that lead vacancies reduce the magnitude of dielectric response. C1 Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Barcelona, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bellaiche, L (reprint author), Univ Arkansas, Dept Phys, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA. RI Iniguez, Jorge/B-6856-2009 OI Iniguez, Jorge/0000-0001-6435-3604 NR 28 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 AR 014111 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.014111 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 131UC UT WOS:000243894600045 ER PT J AU Colla, EV Weissman, MB Gehring, PM Xu, GY Luo, HS Gemeiner, P Dkhil, B AF Colla, Eugene V. Weissman, M. B. Gehring, P. M. Xu, Guangyong Luo, Haosu Gemeiner, P. Dkhil, Brahim TI Nonferroelectric aging in the relaxor PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID LEAD MAGNESIUM NIOBATE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SPIN-GLASS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; FERROELECTRIC PHASE; ELECTRIC-FIELD; MAGNONIOBATE; TRANSFORMATIONS; CERAMICS; STATES AB Three samples of PbMg1/3Nb2/3O3 found to show no abrupt electric-field-driven phase transition to a polarized state are compared to a sample which has such a transition and whose dielectric properties resemble those of other samples previously reported to show that transition. The samples without the field-driven transition have lower kinetic freezing temperatures and lower dielectric constants, and one shows a new transitionlike susceptibility jump at about 180 K on cooling in zero field. Nonetheless, in each sample the distinctive spin-glasslike aging of the dielectric susceptibility follows the same aging pattern quantitatively. These results support pictures in which the glassy aging comes from different degrees of freedom than does most of the dielectric response, which is dominated by the orientations of ferroelectriclike polar nanoregions. C1 Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. Ecole Cent Paris, CNRS, UMR 8580, Lab Struct Proprietes & Modelisat Solides, F-92295 Chatenay Malabry, France. RP Colla, EV (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, 1110 W Green St, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Dkhil, Brahim/O-8939-2014; OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Dkhil, Brahim/0000-0001-6155-059X; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 33 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 AR 024103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.024103 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 131UG UT WOS:000243895100022 ER PT J AU Guidi, T Copley, JRD Qiu, Y Carretta, S Santini, P Amoretti, G Timco, G Winpenny, REP Dennis, CL Caciuffo, R AF Guidi, T. Copley, J. R. D. Qiu, Y. Carretta, S. Santini, P. Amoretti, G. Timco, G. Winpenny, R. E. P. Dennis, C. L. Caciuffo, R. TI Spin dynamics of Fe7M (M=Zn,Mn) heterometallic rings probed by neutron spectroscopy SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID WHEELS; CAGES AB The spin dynamics of two representative members of a family of Fe-based heterometallic antiferromagnetic wheels have been investigated by inelastic neutron scattering (INS). The INS spectra measured at various temperatures have been reproduced using microscopic spin Hamiltonians that contain all the main interactions present in the molecules (isotropic exchange, intramolecular dipolar interaction and local crystal fields). The positions of the observed excitations provide evidence of weak second-nearest neighbor antiferromagnetic exchange interactions. Information about the symmetry of the molecular eigenstates has been obtained by studying the momentum-transfer dependence of the intensities of the observed transitions. The results have also been exploited to investigate the time autocorrelation of the Neel vector in these antiferromagnetic wheels. We have shown that S mixing has a remarkable effect on the Neel vector dynamics and that the tunneling picture is only very approximately valid for these heterometallic rings. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Politecn Marche, Dipartimento Fis Ingn Mat & Territorio, I-60131 Ancona, Italy. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Parma, Dipartimento Fis, I-43100 Parma, Italy. Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Joint Res Ctr, Inst Transuranium Elements, European Commiss, D-76125 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Guidi, T (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Caciuffo, Roberto G. M./0000-0002-8708-6219 NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 AR 014408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.014408 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 131UC UT WOS:000243894600072 ER PT J AU Sakai, VG Mamontov, E Lynn, JW Viciu, L Cava, RJ AF Sakai, V. Garcia Mamontov, E. Lynn, J. W. Viciu, L. Cava, R. J. TI Dynamics of water in the Na0.3CoO2 center dot 1.4H(2)O superconductor SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MOLECULES AB Quasielastic neutron scattering is employed to characterize the diffusion of water molecules that are present between the CoO2 layers in the 4.3 K oxyhydrate superconductor Na0.3CoO2 center dot 1.4H(2)O. Dynamic measurements were performed at temperatures between 3.5 K and 315 K. Significant quasielastic scattering was only observed for temperatures of 235 K and higher where only highly constrained diffusive motion is present, similar to what is seen for water confined in pores. Approximately 80% and 100% (depending on the temperature) of the water molecules remain immobile (i.e., frozen) on the time scale of the measurements (10(-9) s). For the mobile water molecules, a model in which the molecules perform localized jumps between Na sites can be used to describe the data. The dynamics of the mobile water molecules does not show a significant change at the superconducting transition temperature. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Mat Inst, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Sakai, VG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015 OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675 NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 AR 014505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.75.014505 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 131UC UT WOS:000243894600112 ER PT J AU Cheng, MW Warren, JA AF Cheng, Mowei Warren, James A. TI Controlling the accuracy of unconditionally stable algorithms in the Cahn-Hilliard equation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID GROWTH LAWS; ENERGY AB Given an unconditionally stable algorithm for solving the Cahn-Hilliard equation, we present a general calculation for an analytic time step Delta tau in terms of an algorithmic time step Delta t. By studying the accumulative multistep error in Fourier space and controlling the error with arbitrary accuracy, we determine an improved driving scheme Delta t=At(2/3) and confirm the numerical results observed in a previous study [Cheng and Rutenberg, Phys. Rev. E 72, 055701 (R) (2005)]. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, MW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8554, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Warren, James/B-1698-2008 OI Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206 NR 9 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 AR 017702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.017702 PN 2 PG 4 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 131TU UT WOS:000243893700087 PM 17358297 ER PT J AU Hobbie, EK AF Hobbie, E. K. TI Shape of the isotropic-(para)nematic coexistence curve in sheared nanotube suspensions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB A geometrical argument is used to account for the exponent of 1/3 describing the isotropic-(para)nematic phase boundary of sheared carbon nanotube dispersions [E. K. Hobbie and D. J. Fry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 036101 (2006)]. Through simplifying assumptions motivated by the effects of concentration and attractive interactions, the behavior is explained by relating the mean strain-induced alignment to the average distance between nanotubes for the scenario of limited anisotropy in non-Brownian suspensions. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hobbie, EK (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM erik.hobbie@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2007 VL 75 IS 1 AR 012501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.75.012501 PN 1 PG 3 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 131TR UT WOS:000243893400107 PM 17358208 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Azizov, ND Zeinalova, AB AF Abdulagatov, I. M. Azizov, N. D. Zeinalova, A. B. TI Viscosities, densities, apparent and partial molar volumes of concentrated aqueous MgSO4 solutions at high temperatures and high pressures SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF LIQUIDS LA English DT Review DE aqueous solution; apparent molar volume; B-coefficient; capillary viscometer; constant volume piezometer; density; magnesium sulfate; partial molar volume; pressure; viscosity; water ID THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; 30 MPA; 573 K; B-COEFFICIENTS; MAGNESIUM-SULFATE; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; MODELING VISCOSITY; INTERNAL-FRICTION; HEAT-CAPACITIES AB Density of two (2.224 and 2.535 mol kg(-1)) and viscosity of eight (0.085, 0.255, 0.437, 0.722, 0.923, 1.824, 2.291, and 2.623 mol kg(-1)) binary aqueous MgSO4 solutions have been measured with a constant-volume piezometer immersed in a precision liquid thermostat and a capillary flow technique, respectively. Measurements were made at pressures up to 30 MPa. The range of temperature was 288 to 398 K for the density measurements and 298 - 448 K for the viscosity measurements. The total uncertainty of density, viscosity, pressure, temperature, and composition measurements were estimated to be < 0.06%, 1.6%, 0.05%, 15 mK, and 0.02%, respectively. The effect of temperature, pressure, and concentration on density and viscosity of binary aqueous MgSO4 solutions were studied. Apparent and partial molar volumes were derived using the measured values of density for the solutions. The viscosity data have been interpreted in terms of the extended Jones - Dole equation for strong electrolytes to accurately calculate the viscosity A- and B-coefficients as a function of temperature. The derived values of the viscosity A- and B-coefficients were compared with the results predicted by Falkenhagen - Dole theory of electrolyte solutions and calculated using the ionic B-+/--coefficient data. The hydrodynamic molar volumes V-k were calculated using the present experimental viscosity data. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Inst Geothermal Problems, Makhachkala 367003, Russia. Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, Baku 370601, Azerbaijan. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 127 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-9104 J9 PHYS CHEM LIQ JI Phys. Chem. Liq. PY 2007 VL 45 IS 2 BP 127 EP 148 DI 10.1080/00319100601089802 PG 22 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 175RE UT WOS:000247030200002 ER PT J AU Abdurashitov, JN Gavrin, VN Matushko, VL Nico, JS Shikhin, AA Thompson, AK Veretenkin, IE Yants, VE AF Abdurashitov, J. N. Gavrin, V. N. Matushko, V. L. Nico, J. S. Shikhin, A. A. Thompson, A. K. Veretenkin, I. E. Yants, V. E. TI Development of a segmented fast neutron spectrometer SO PHYSICS OF ATOMIC NUCLEI LA English DT Article AB We discuss the development of a spectrometer based on full energy absorption using liquid scintillator doped with enriched Li-6. Of specific interest, the spectrometer is expected to have good pulse height resolution, estimated to lie in the range 10 - 15% for 14-MeV neutrons. It should be sensitive to flux rates from 10(-6) cm(-2) s(-1) to 10(6) cm(-2) s(-1) above a threshold of 500 keV in an uncorrelated gamma background of up to 10(4) s(-1). We have constructed a pilot version of the detector using undoped liquid scintillator, and we report its present status. The detector's efficiency is determined by the volume of the scintillator (similar to 1.2 l) and is estimated to be 0.2 - 0.5% for 3-MeV neutrons. The good pulse height resolution is achieved by compensation of the nonlinear light yield of the scintillator due to the use of optically separated segments, which collect scintillations from each recoil proton separately. We demonstrate here the response of the detector to neutrons from a Pu - alpha - Be source, whose energies range up to 10 MeV. Initial testing indicates a low threshold (approximate to 600 keV) and good spectral response after requiring a multiplicity of three segments. Such a spectrometer has applications for low-background experiments in fundamental physics research, characterizations of neutron flux in space, and the health physics community. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Moscow 117312, Russia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Abdurashitov, JN (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Nucl Res, Pr Shestidesyatiletiya Oktyabrya 7A, Moscow 117312, Russia. EM jna@inr.ru RI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/B-2206-2014; Yants, Viktor/C-1038-2014 OI Abdurashitov, Dzhonrid/0000-0002-1577-1364; NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7788 J9 PHYS ATOM NUCL+ JI Phys. Atom. Nuclei PD JAN PY 2007 VL 70 IS 1 BP 133 EP 139 DI 10.1134/S1063778807010152 PG 7 WC Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Physics GA 133RC UT WOS:000244029300015 ER PT J AU Nie, XB Martys, NS AF Nie, Xiaobo Martys, Nicos S. TI Breakdown of Chapman-Enskog expansion and the anisotropic effect for lattice-Boltzmann models of porous flow SO PHYSICS OF FLUIDS LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION; EQUATION; FLUIDS; MEDIA AB Lattice-Boltzmann based models are frequently used to study fluid flow in porous media. The macroscopic governing equations as well as the viscosity and the permeability for such models are usually determined using a Chapman-Enskog expansion approach. However, this approach has been validated numerically only for a narrow range of the viscosity and the permeability. We have analytically derived the exact macroscopic governing equations of the lattice-Boltzmann model for the case of simple shear flows in porous media. We find that the effective viscosity in the governing equations is different from the one obtained from the Chapman-Enskog expansion. These findings have been validated numerically. We also find that the effective viscosity is anisotropic. Implications for modeling flow in porous media are discussed. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Nie, XB (reprint author), Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 1070-6631 EI 1089-7666 J9 PHYS FLUIDS JI Phys. Fluids PD JAN PY 2007 VL 19 IS 1 AR 011702 DI 10.1063/1.2432153 PG 4 WC Mechanics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Mechanics; Physics GA 132FH UT WOS:000243927500002 ER PT S AU Wiren, ZQ Kepa, H Brown, CM Leao, J Kolesnik, S Dabrowski, B Furdyna, JK Giebultowicz, TM AF Wiren, Z. Q. Kepa, H. Brown, C. M. Leao, J. Kolesnik, S. Dabrowski, B. Furdyna, J. K. Giebultowicz, T. M. BE Jantsch, W Schaffler, F TI Studies of intrinsic exchange interactions in Zn(Mn)O, Zn(Mn)S and Zn(Mn)Te at 4 kbar by inelastic neutron scattering. SO PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTORS, PTS A AND B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on the Physics of Semiconductors (ICPS-28) CY JUL 24-28, 2006 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Res Ctr, Infineon, Austrian Fed Minist Educ, Sci & Culture, FFG, Austrian Nano Initiat, Vienna Convent Bur, ICPS 27, Marabun Res, Raith, Int Union Pure & Appl Phys, NMA Networking, Austrian Soc Micro & Nanoelect, Austrian Airlines, Inst Phys, Austriamicrosystems, Agilent Technologies, NIST, LOT ORIEL, Panasonic, ONR Off Naval Res, Volkswagen, USAF Off Sci Res, European Off Aerosp Res & Dev, USAF Res Lab, Darpa DE dilute magnetic semiconductors; ZnMnTe; exchange constant AB The intrinsic antiferromagnetic (AFM) interactions between nearest-neighbor Mn ions in Zn(Mn)O, Zn(Mn)S, Zn(Mn)Te have been studied by inelastic neutron scattering at ambient pressure and at 4 kbar. To find how the J values in a single alloy change when the Mn-Mn distance R decreases we have launched systematic measurements of the nearest-neighbor exchange constants J(1) in these alloys using inelastic neutron scattering spectrometry. We present the J(1) data so far obtained at 4 kbar for the three aforementioned systems, as well as the result of measurements of the pressure dependence of the Mn-Mn distance. We discuss our findings in the context of the analysis presented in the paper by Szuszkiewicz et al. C1 [Wiren, Z. Q.; Giebultowicz, T. M.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kepa, H.] Univ Warsaw, Dept Phys, PL-00325 Warsaw, Poland. [Brown, C. M.; Leao, J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, C. M.] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Univ, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. [Kolesnik, S.; Dabrowski, B.] No Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, De Kalb, IL 60115 USA. [Furdyna, J. K.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Wiren, ZQ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Phys, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0397-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 893 BP 1197 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BGE22 UT WOS:000246281800587 ER PT S AU Utegulov, ZN Shaw, JM Draine, BT Kim, SA Johnson, WL AF Utegulov, Z. N. Shaw, J. M. Draine, B. T. Kim, S. A. Johnson, W. L. BE Stockman, MI TI Surface-plasmon enhancement of Brillouin light scattering from gold-nanodisk arrays on glass SO PLASMONICS: METALLIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND THEIR OPTICAL PROPERTIES V SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics - Metallic Nanostructures and their Optical Properties V CY AUG 26-29, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE acoustic waves; Brillouin light scattering; Brillouin scattering; enhancement; gold; nanodisks; array; phonons; surface plasmons; thin films ID DISCRETE-DIPOLE APPROXIMATION; SILVER FILMS; ACOUSTIC-WAVES; POLARITONS; ABSORPTION; DISPERSION; MODES AB Enhancement of Brillouin light scattering (BLS) at the wavelength of 532 nm was observed from Rayleigh-like and Sezawa-like acoustic modes of alkaline-earth boro-aluminosilicate glass covered with periodic arrays of gold nanodisks. This enhancement is attributed to mediation of surface plasmons of the nanodisks. For nanodisks with diameters of 71 nm to 90 nm, heights of 30 nm, and periodicity of 100 nm, the maximum measured surface-plasmon enhancement of BLS intensity was, respectively, similar to 2.4 and similar to 5.6 for Rayleigh-like and Sezawa-like modes, relative to the intensity from a gold film with the same fractional coverage area but without surface-plasmon coupling. The maximum for the Rayleigh-like modes occurs with the smallest-diameter nanodisks, and that for the Sezawa-like modes occurs with the largest-diameter nanodisks. The angular dependence is relatively broad. Calculations employing the discrete dipole approximation were used to predict the electric-field intensities in the gold disks and nearby glass as a function of nanodisk diameter. The average calculated intensity at the top surface of the gold increases with decreasing diameter, consistent with the experimental results for Rayleigh-like modes and the expectation that surface ripple is the dominant scattering mechanism for such modes. The results of this study suggest that nanodisk arrays can provide a platform for practical, implementation of surface-enhanced BLS analogous to other surface-enhanced spectroscopies, and suggest the additional possibility of substantially extending the range of wave numbers in BLS through plasmonic-crystal band folding. C1 [Utegulov, Z. N.; Kim, S. A.; Johnson, W. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Utegulov, ZN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM utegulov@boulder.nist.gov RI Shaw, Justin/C-1845-2008; OI Shaw, Justin/0000-0003-2027-1521; Draine, Bruce/0000-0002-0846-936X NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6789-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6641 AR 66411M DI 10.1117/12.735253 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Optics GA BHB55 UT WOS:000252083900021 ER PT S AU Boulbry, B Ramella-Roman, JC Germer, TA AF Boulbry, Bruno Ramella-Roman, Jessica C. Germer, Thomas A. BE Shaw, JA Tyo, JS TI Truncated singular value decomposition method for calibrating a Stokes polarimeter SO POLARIZATION SCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING III SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Polarization Science and Remote Sensing III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE calibration; polarimetry ID MUELLER MATRIX POLARIMETER; VARIABLE-RETARDATION; POLARIZED-LIGHT; ERROR ANALYSIS; FORMALISM; IMAGES AB We present a method for calibrating polarimeters that uses a set of well-characterized reference polarizations and makes no assumptions about the optics contained in the polarimeter other than their linearity. The method requires that a matrix be constructed that contains the data acquired for each of the reference polarization states and that this matrix be pseudo-inverted. Since this matrix is usually singular, we improve the method by performing the pseudo-inversion by singular value decomposition, keeping only the four largest singular values. We demonstrate the calibration technique using an imaging polarimeter based upon liquid crystal variable retarders and with light emitting diode (LED) illumination centered at 472 nm, 525 nm, and 630 mm. We generate the reference polarizations by an unpolarized source, a single polarizer, and a Fresnel rhomb. This method is particularly useful when calibrations are performed on field-grade instruments at a centrally maintained facility and when a traceability chain needs to be maintained. C1 [Boulbry, Bruno; Germer, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boulbry, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6830-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6682 AR 66820M DI 10.1117/12.734452 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHD77 UT WOS:000252361200019 ER PT S AU Peterson, VK Liu, Y Brown, CM Kepert, CJ AF Peterson, Vanessa K. Liu, Yun Brown, Craig M. Kepert, Cameron J. BE Chang, YW Kim, NJ Lee, CS TI Structural characterization of D-2 in Cu-3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)(2) using neutron powder diffraction SO PRICM 6: SIXTH PACIFIC RIM INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ADVANCED MATERIALS AND PROCESSING, PTS 1-3 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Pacific Rim International Conference on Advanced Materials and Processing CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Cheju Isl, SOUTH KOREA SP Korean Inst Met & Mat, Chinese Soc Met, Japan Inst Met, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Inst Mat Engn Australia DE neutron powder diffraction; metal organic frameworks; hydrogen storage AB Sorption of ten different quantities of D-2 within the porous coordination metal framework Cu-3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)(2) were studied using neutron powder diffraction. D-2 sorption in the porous material reached saturation (at 25 K) at an amount equivalent to similar to 6.5 wt. % H-2. Rietveld analyses revealed that at saturation there are two saturated small pore and three saturated large pore sites, in addition to the primary site at the coordinatively unsaturated Cu. We reveal that the linked bimodal pore system provides up to nine distinct sites for D-2, at moderate D-2 concentrations up to saturation. Intermediate sites are attributed to local D-2-D-2 interaction within the confined pore spaces. Within the small and large pores one, and two, intermediate sites are identified, respectively. The population of D-2 at each site was found to affect the host lattice. C1 [Peterson, Vanessa K.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Lucas Heights, Australia. [Liu, Yun; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Kepert, Cameron J.] Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW, Australia. RP Peterson, VK (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Lucas Heights, Australia. EM vanessa.peterson@ansto.gov.au; yunliu@nist.gov; craig.brown@nist.gov; c.kepert@chem.usyd.edu.au RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2007 VL 561-565 BP 1601 EP + PN 1-3 PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science, Composites SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Materials Science GA BHE49 UT WOS:000252473301191 ER PT B AU O'Neill, BE Quinn, TP Li, KCP AF O'Neill, Brian E. Quinn, Timothy P. Li, King C. P. GP ASME TI A confined compression technique for hydraulic conductivity measurement in soft tissues SO PROCEEDING OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE - 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference CY JUN 24-28, 2007 CL Keystone, CO SP ASME, Bioengn Div ID TRANSPORT C1 [O'Neill, Brian E.; Quinn, Timothy P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP O'Neill, BE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4798-5 PY 2007 BP 109 EP 110 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BHB85 UT WOS:000252105700055 ER PT S AU Bostelman, R Albus, J AF Bostelman, Roger Albus, James BE Schilling, K TI A novel patient mobility and rehabilitation robot SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH IASTED INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND APPLICATIONS/PROCEEDINGS OF THE IASTED INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TELEMATICS SE IASTED International Conference on Robotics and Applications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th IASTED International Conference on Robotics and Applications/IASTED International Conference on Telematics CY AUG 29-31, 2007 CL Julius Maximilians Univ Wurzburg, Wurzburg, GERMANY SP Int Assoc Sci & Technol Dev, IASTED TCR, IASTED TCT HO Julius Maximilians Univ Wurzburg DE mobility; rehabilitation; patient transfer; autonomous; home assist device; 4D/RCS control architecture AB This paper describes a novel Home Lift, Position, and Rehabilitation (HLPR) Chair, designed at National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), to provide independent patient mobility for indoor tasks, such as moving to and placing a person on a toilet or bed, and lift assistance for tasks, such as accessing kitchen or other tall shelves. These functionalities are currently out of reach of most wheelchair users. One of the design motivations of the HLPR Chair is to reduce back injury, typically, an important issue in the care of this group. The HLPR Chair is currently being extended to be an autonomous mobility device to assist cognition by route and trajectory planning. This paper describes the design of HLPR Chair, its control architecture, and algorithms for autonomous planning and control using its unique kinematics and concludes with an early version, commercialized HLPR Chair concept. C1 [Bostelman, Roger; Albus, James] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS ANAHEIM PI ANAHEIM PA PO BOX 5124, ANAHEIM, CA 92814-5124 USA SN 1027-264X BN 978-0-88986-685-0 J9 IASTED INT CONF ROBO PY 2007 BP 370 EP 375 PG 6 WC Robotics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Robotics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BGZ05 UT WOS:000251420100062 ER PT S AU Carpin, S Lewis, M Wang, J Balakirsky, S Scrapper, C AF Carpin, Stefano Lewis, Mike Wang, Jijun Balakirsky, Stephen Scrapper, Chris GP IEEE TI USARSim:a robot simulator for research and education SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 10-14, 2007 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB This paper presents USARSim, an open source high fidelity robot simulator that can be used both for research and education. USARSim offers many characteristics that differentiates it from most existing simulators. Most notably, it constitutes the simulation engine used to run the Virtual Robots Competition within the Robocup initiative. We describe its general architecture, describe examples of utilization, and provide a comprehensive overview for those interested in robot simulations for education, research and competitions. C1 [Carpin, Stefano] Univ California, Sch Engn, Merced, CA USA. [Lewis, Mike; Wang, Jijun] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Informat Sci & Telecommun, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Balakirsky, Stephen; Scrapper, Chris] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Carpin, S (reprint author), Univ California, Sch Engn, Merced, CA USA. NR 15 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-0601-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2007 BP 1400 EP + DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2007.363180 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BGW23 UT WOS:000250915301065 ER PT S AU Price, M Kenney, J Eastman, RD Hong, T AF Price, Michael Kenney, Jacqueline Eastman, Roger D. Hong, Tsai GP IEEE TI Training and optimization of operating parameters for flash LADAR cameras SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY APR 10-14, 2007 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE AB Flash LADAR cameras based on continuous-wave, time-of-flight range measurement deliver fast 3D imaging for robot applications including mapping, localization, obstacle detection and object recognition. The accuracy of the range values produced depends on characteristics of the scene as well as dynamically adjustable operating parameters of the cameras. In order to optimally set these parameters during camera operation we have devised and implemented an optimization algorithm in a modular, extensible architecture for real-time applications including robot control. The approach uses two components: offline nonlinear optimization to minimize the range error for a training set of simple scenes followed by an online, real-time algorithm to reference the training data and set camera parameters. We quantify the effectiveness of our approach and highlight topics of interest for future research. C1 [Price, Michael] MIT, EECS Dept, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Kenney, Jacqueline; Eastman, Roger D.] Loyola Coll, CS Dept, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. [Hong, Tsai] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Price, M (reprint author), MIT, EECS Dept, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM pricem@mit.edu; jlkenney@loyola.edu; reastman@loyola.edu; tsai.hong@nist.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-0601-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2007 BP 3408 EP + DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2007.363999 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BGW23 UT WOS:000250915303071 ER PT B AU Brannon, A Shah, V Popovic, Z Gerginov, V Knappe, S Hollberg, L Kitching, J AF Brannon, A. Shah, V. Popovic, Z. Gerginov, V. Knappe, S. Hollberg, L. Kitching, J. GP IEEE TI Self-injection locking of a microwave oscillator by use of four-wave mixing in an atomic vapor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE ID CLOCKS AB We demonstrate self-injection locking of a low-power, compact microwave oscillator by use of feedback generated from four-wave mixing in an atomic vapor. The four-wave mixing process creates an effective microwave filter with extremely high off-resonant signal suppression. This type of locking results in a shorter locking time, increased short-term stability, improved close-in phase noise, and reduced spurious signals as compared to current techniques used in miniature atomic clocks. Other possible benefits and drawbacks are mentioned. C1 [Brannon, A.; Popovic, Z.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shah, V.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Gerginov, V.; Knappe, S.; Hollberg, L.; Kitching, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Brannon, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU Microsystems Technology Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA); National Science Foundation and NIST FX This work was supported by the Microsystems Technology Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The first author was supported by fellowships from the National Science Foundation and NIST. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 275 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319080 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500064 ER PT B AU Ashby, N Heavner, TP Jefferts, SR Radnaev, AG Dudin, YO AF Ashby, N. Heavner, T. P. Jefferts, S. R. Radnaev, A. G. Dudin, Y. O. GP IEEE TI Testing local position invariance with four H masers and four CS fountains SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE AB We report the most sensitive tests to date of the assumption of local position invariance (LPI) underlying general relativity, based on a 7 yr comparison of cesium and hydrogen atomic clocks (frequency standards). The latest results place an upper limit that is over 20 times smaller than the previous most sensitive tests; this is consistent with the null shift predicted by LPI. The result is based on precise comparisons of frequencies of four hydrogen masers maintained by NIST, with four independent Cs fountain clocks-one at NIST and three in Europe-as the Sun's gravitational potential at the Earth's surface varies due to the Earth's orbital eccentricity. C1 [Ashby, N.; Heavner, T. P.; Jefferts, S. R.; Radnaev, A. G.; Dudin, Y. O.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ashby, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Dudin, Yaroslav/E-3447-2010 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 355 EP 356 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319096 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500080 ER PT B AU Hati, A Nelson, CW Howe, DA Ashby, N Taylor, J Hudek, KM Hay, C Seidel, D Eliyahu, D AF Hati, A. Nelson, C. W. Howe, D. A. Ashby, N. Taylor, J. Hudek, K. M. Hay, C. Seidel, D. Eliyahu, D. GP IEEE TI Vibration sensitivity of microwave components SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE ID OSCILLATORS AB Vibration sensitivity is an important specification for oscillators on mobile systems, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) etc. These systems must provide superior performance when subject to severe environmental conditions. Electronic oscillators often can provide sufficiently low intrinsic phase modulation (PM) noise to satisfy particular system requirements when in a quiet environment. However, mechanical vibration and acceleration can introduce mechanical deformations that degrade the oscillator's otherwise low PM noise. This degrades the performance of an electronic system that depends on this oscillator's low phase noise. Not only an oscillator, but most microwave components, such as microwave cables, circulators, and amplifiers are sensitive to vibration to some extent. Therefore, it is very important to select vibration-tolerant components in order to build a system with less vibration sensitivity. We study the performance of different microwave cables (flexible, semi-rigid as well as rigid) under vibration for different vibration profiles. Some good cables provide a vibration-sensitivity noise floor that provides sensitivity of 10(-11-)10(-12) per g for an oscillator under test. We also verify the reproducibility of each measurement after disassembly and reassembly. We study the vibration sensitivity of a SiGe amplifier-based surface transverse wave (STW) oscillator and an air-dielectric cavity resonator oscillator (ACRO) and compare their performances with a commercially available dielectric resonator oscillator (DRO). We also describe passive and active vibration cancellation schemes to reduce vibration induced noise in oscillators. C1 [Hati, A.; Nelson, C. W.; Howe, D. A.; Ashby, N.; Taylor, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hudek, K. M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO USA. [Hay, C.] Hittite Microwave Corp, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Seidel, D.; Eliyahu, D.] OE Waves, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hati, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM archita@boulder.nist.gov NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 541 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319131 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500115 ER PT B AU Ashby, N Howe, DA Taylor, J Hati, A Nelson, C AF Ashby, Neil Howe, D. A. Taylor, J. Hati, A. Nelson, C. GP IEEE TI Optical fiber vibration and acceleration model SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE AB We derive expressions for the group velocities of transverse electric and transverse magnetic electromagnetic waves in a stretched single-mode fiber. Stretching can occur either as a result of temperature changes of the spool on which the fiber is wound, or as a result of axial vibrations that accelerate and hence deform the spool. Long single-mode fibers are typically used in optoelectronic oscillators, where the group velocity plays a central role in determining the oscillator frequencies. The present idealized calculation assumes there is a fractional length change delta l/l, that results in stress in the fiber. This stress changes the optical properties of the fiber, and hence the group velocities, through its stress-optic coefficients. The principal result of the present calculation is that for optoelectronic oscillators, the main effect on the frequencies comes from the change of length itself rather than from the change in group velocities. C1 [Ashby, Neil] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Howe, D. A.; Taylor, J.; Hati, A.; Nelson, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ashby, N (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ashby@boulder.nist.gov NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 547 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319132 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500116 ER PT B AU Howe, DA Hati, A Nelson, C Taylor, J Ashby, N AF Howe, D. A. Hati, A. Nelson, C. Taylor, J. Ashby, N. GP IEEE TI Active vibration-induced PM noise control in optical fibers: Preliminary studies SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE ID OPTOELECTRONIC OSCILLATOR AB Vibration causes mechanical distortions in fiber-optic transmission lines that induce time (phase) fluctuations. RF systems are increasingly using optical fibers in various ways and must occasionally operate in environments with acoustic and structure-born vibration. A scheme is described which enables electronic suppression and cancellation of vibration-induced spurious phase noise in an optical fiber wound on a spool. The scheme is applied to an opto-electronic oscillator (OEO). Close-to-carrier spectral lines often occur due to mechanical vibration of state-of-the-art oscillators. Passive vibration-suppression schemes (shock mounts, isolation chambers, etc.) do not always adequately reduce discrete line spectra that originate from vibration effects. However, vibration can be readily detected and measured by use of accelerometers. One can correct for these low-frequency vibration artifacts by subtracting a digitally-generated version of the artifacts based on their detection. This approach is generically referred to as "active noise control" and is used for selective noise-cancellation, room acoustic and vibration isolation, vibration suppression in video recording, active magnetic shielding, and other situations that require external noise cancellation or suppression. Active noise control can be applied to virtually all systems and applications that are subject to vibration-induced PM noise. We present simulation results in several cases representing typical vibrating oscillator scenarios. We report progress and experiences with operational hardware. C1 [Howe, D. A.; Hati, A.; Nelson, C.; Taylor, J.; Ashby, N.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Howe, DA (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 552 EP 556 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500117 ER PT B AU Fortier, TM Ashby, N Bergquist, JC Delaney, MJ Diddams, SA Heavner, TP Hollberg, L Itano, WM Jefferts, SR Kim, K Oskay, WH Parker, TE Shirley, J Stalnaker, JE Levi, F Lorini, L AF Fortier, T. M. Ashby, N. Bergquist, J. C. Delaney, M. J. Diddams, S. A. Heavner, T. P. Hollberg, L. Itano, W. M. Jefferts, S. R. Kim, K. Oskay, W. H. Parker, T. E. Shirley, J. Stalnaker, J. E. Levi, F. Lorini, L. GP IEEE TI Improved limits on variation of the fine structure constant and violation of local position invariance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE AB We report tests of Local Position Invariance (LPI) and constancy of fundamental constants from measurements of the frequency ratio of the 282-nm Hg-199(+) optical clock transition to the ground-state hyperfine splitting in Cs-133. Analysis of the frequency ratio, extending over six years at NIST, is used to place a limit on the fractional variation of the two clocks of less than 5.8 x 10(-6) per change in normalized solar gravitational potential, and a limit on fractional variation of the fine structure constant at alpha/alpha < 1.3 x 10(-16) yr(-1), assuming invariance of other a fundamental constants. Comparison of our results with those previously reported for the absolute optical frequency measurements of Yb-171(+) versus other Cs-133 standard yields a coupled constraint of -0.04x10(-15) < alpha/alpha < 0.46x10(-15) yr(-1) and -2.39x10(-15) < d/dt ln mu(Cs)/mu(B) < 0.47x10(-15) yr(-1). C1 [Fortier, T. M.; Ashby, N.; Bergquist, J. C.; Delaney, M. J.; Diddams, S. A.; Heavner, T. P.; Hollberg, L.; Itano, W. M.; Jefferts, S. R.; Kim, K.; Oskay, W. H.; Parker, T. E.; Shirley, J.; Stalnaker, J. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Levi, F.; Lorini, L.] Ist Nazl Ricerca Metrolog, I-10135 Turin, Italy. RP Fortier, TM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div MS 847, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 663 EP 665 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319157 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500141 ER PT B AU Hudek, KM Hati, A Howe, DA Nelson, CW Zhou, W AF Hudek, K. M. Hati, A. Howe, D. A. Nelson, C. W. Zhou, W. GP IEEE TI Further examination of the injection-locked dual optoelectronic oscillator SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE ID LOW PHASE NOISE; SPURIOUS LEVEL; MICROWAVE AB Optoelectronic oscillators (OEO), utilizing the low loss nature of optical links, can generate oscillations with very high Q values. The long delay line used in the oscillator can, however, support many modes of oscillation. Mode spacing is inversely proportional to the delay length of the optical link The oscillator Q can be improved by increasing the delay length at the expense of tighter mode spacing. The undesirable modes become more difficult to filter in the RF domain as the spacing becomes closer. There are many different techniques for minimizing the impact of the competing modes on the desired one. The injection-locked dual OEO was presented last year. It consists of a high-Q multimode OEO (master) and a low-Q single-mode OEO (slave), each injection-locked to each other. The slave OEO, which generates the output signal, is injection-locked to the master OEO. This transfers some of the high-Q stability to the output; without transferring all of the spurious competing modes of the master. The master is also injection-locked to the slave OEO, causing its multimode oscillation to collapse to a mostly single mode, further reducing the transfer of spurious modes to the slave. In this paper we analyze the injection lock parameter's behavior on the performance of the total system. C1 [Hudek, K. M.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hati, A.; Howe, D. A.; Nelson, C. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Zhou, W.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Hudek, KM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX Work of U.S. government, not subject to copyright. Support provided by Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 796 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319185 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500169 ER PT B AU Panfilo, G Parker, TE AF Panfilo, Gianna Parker, Tbornas E. GP IEEE TI A theoretical analysis of frequency uncertainty SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE ID OSCILLATORS; TIME AB In this work we present a preliminary study for the determination of the uncertainty on the frequency in the time measurements [1, 2]. The first part of this paper is dedicated to the theoretical study of the frequency uncertainty applying the law of the propagation of uncertainty and the spectral analysis approach. In the second part the theoretical results are compared with simulated results. In the final part we use real clock data and time transfer data to verify the analytical results. An accompanying paper in this proceedings "Experimental Analysis of Frequency Transfer Uncertainty" by Thomas E. Parker and Gianna Panfilo presents an experimental analysis of frequency transfer uncertainty [3]. C1 [Panfilo, Gianna] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, Turin, Italy. [Parker, Tbornas E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Panfilo, G (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ric Metrol INRIM, Turin, Italy. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 805 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319187 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500171 ER PT B AU Newbury, NR Swann, WC Coddington, I Lorini, L Bergquist, JC Diddams, SA AF Newbury, N. R. Swann, W. C. Coddington, I. Lorini, L. Bergquist, J. C. Diddams, S. A. GP IEEE TI Fiber laser-based frequency combs with high relative frequency stability SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; REPETITION RATE; ALL-FIBER; SUPERCONTINUUM; LINEWIDTHS; METROLOGY; JITTER; SYSTEM; NOISE AB We describe our current low-noise fiber-laser frequency comb and present measurements of its residual instability. Through a comparison with a Ti:Sapphire frequency comb, we measure residual fractional frequency instabilities (Allan deviation) of similar to 6x10(-18) at 1 second and similar to 1.3x10(-18) at 1000 seconds. This stability demonstrates that the performance of a fiber frequency comb can rival that of current Ti:sapphire frequency combs. C1 [Newbury, N. R.; Swann, W. C.; Coddington, I.; Lorini, L.; Bergquist, J. C.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 980 EP 983 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319226 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500210 ER PT B AU Parker, TE Panfilo, G AF Parker, Thomas E. Panfilo, Gianna GP IEEE TI Experimental analysis of frequency transfer uncertainty SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE AB An experimental analysis of frequency transfer uncertainty is carried out. In situations where at least two transfer techniques are available a first difference statistic is used to determine the type and level of the transfer noise for transfer methods such as common-view GPS, carrier-phase GPS, and two-way time transfer. Frequency transfer uncertainties approaching 1x10(-16) at 30 days are possible. A method for estimating the frequency transfer uncertainty in situations where only one transfer technique is available is also examined. C1 [Parker, Thomas E.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Panfilo, Gianna] INRIM, Turin, Italy. RP Parker, TE (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 986 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319228 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500212 ER PT B AU Weiss, MA Masarie, A Beard, R AF Weiss, M. A. Masarie, A. Beard, R. GP IEEE TI Peak deviation from prediction in atomic clocks SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE AB Results from a preliminary study of two GPS clocks tested on the ground show that the distribution of peak deviations from prediction cannot be assumed to be Gaussian. The standards are identical to models on board GPS block HR satellites. The data were taken at the Naval Research Laboratory in the U.S. during life tests. We propose here two statistics that could be used to characterize peak deviation from prediction, preliminarily named PDIS and PTIE. C1 [Weiss, M. A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Masarie, A.] Whitman Coll, Walla Walla, WA USA. [Beard, R.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Weiss, MA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mweiss@boulder.nist.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 1002 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319231 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500215 ER PT B AU Nelson, CW Hati, A Howe, DA Zhou, W AF Nelson, C. W. } Hati, A. Howe, D. A. Zhou, W. GP IEEE TI Microwave optoelectronic oscillator with optical gain SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE ID INTENSITY NOISE; PHASE NOISE; FIBER; PROPAGATION; SPECTRUM; SYSTEMS AB Optoelectronic oscillators (OEO) are unique compared to radio-frequency (RF) oscillators in that they do not fundamentally require a RF gain element in order to satisfy the amplitude threshold condition for oscillation. All of the energy required for oscillation can be obtained from the optical carrier. This, however, was not initially possible, due to the inefficiency and power limitations on the optical components used in the OEO. Recent improvements driven by the need for optical-RF links have improved modulator and detector technology. Electro-optic modulators (EOM) with ultra-low half-wave voltage (V-pi), and high optical power capabilities, when coupled with high-power photodetectors, have achieved optical links with gain. With sufficient gain from the photonic components in the OEO, the RF loop amplifier becomes unnecessary. Eliminating this amplifier removes one of the major noise contributing elements of the oscillator. Here we present designs and phase noise results of several OEOs, operating at RE frequencies up to 10 GHz, constructed with only optical gain. C1 [Nelson, C. W. }; Hati, A.; Howe, D. A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhou, W.] US Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Nelson, CW (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) FX Contribution of the U.S. government, not subject to copy-right. Support provided by Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA). NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 1014 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319233 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500217 ER PT B AU Boyd, M Ludlow, A Foreman, S Zelevinsky, T Blatt, S Zanon, T Campbell, G Miranda, M Martin, M Ye, J AF Boyd, M. Ludlow, A. Foreman, S. Zelevinsky, T. Blatt, S. Zanon, T. Campbell, G. Miranda, M. Martin, M. Ye, J. GP IEEE TI Strontium optical lattice clock at JILA SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE ID LASER; STABILIZATION; COMPACT; CAVITY AB Recent results from the JILA optical lattice clock are presented. We report on our development of precision tools for the lattice clock, including a stabilized clock laser with sub-Hz linewidth, fs-comb based technology allowing accurate clock comparison in both the microwave and optical domains, and clock transfer over optical fiber in an urban environment. High resolution spectroscopy (Q > 2x10(14)) of lattice confined strontium atoms is used for both a high-performance optical clock and atomic structure measurements. The current accuracy and stability of the lattice clock are also discussed. C1 [Boyd, M.; Ludlow, A.; Foreman, S.; Zelevinsky, T.; Blatt, S.; Zanon, T.; Campbell, G.; Miranda, M.; Martin, M.; Ye, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Boyd, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM boydmm@colorado.edu RI Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012 OI Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967 NR 22 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 1269 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319280 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500264 ER PT B AU Oates, CW Barber, ZW StaInaker, JE Hoyt, CW Fortier, TM Diddams, SA Hollberg, L AF Oates, C. W. Barber, Z. W. StaInaker, J. E. Hoyt, C. W. Fortier, T. M. Diddams, S. A. Hollberg, L. GP IEEE TI Stable laser system for probing the clock transition at 578 nm in neutral ytterbium SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE AB We describe a new laser system we have developed to probe the ultra-narrow S-1(0) <-> P-3(0) clock transition at 578 nm in neutral ytterbium. The yellow light is produced by sum frequency generation in a periodically poled waveguide. With approximately 100 mW each from a fiber laser and Nd:YAG laser, we produce 10 mW of visible light Stabilization of the laser to a resonance of a high finesse, environmentally isolated cavity has enabled resolution of spectroscopic features as narrow as 5 Hz. C1 [Oates, C. W.; Barber, Z. W.; StaInaker, J. E.; Hoyt, C. W.; Fortier, T. M.; Diddams, S. A.; Hollberg, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oates, CW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 7 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 1274 EP 1277 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319281 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500265 ER PT B AU Shah, V Knappe, S Hollberg, L Kitching, J AF Shah, V. Knappe, S. Hollberg, L. Kitching, J. GP IEEE TI Generation of coherent population trapping resonances with nearly 100% transmission contrast SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM-JOINTLY WITH THE 21ST EUROPEAN FREQUENCY AND TIME FORUM, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium/21st European Frequency and Time Forum CY MAY 29-JUN 01, 2007 CL Geneva, SWITZERLAND SP IEEE ID DOUBLE-LAMBDA SYSTEM; MAGNETOMETER AB We demonstrate a simple setup for observing very high contrast coherent population trapping resonances in rubidium-87. The high contrast is achieved by eliminating the DC-light background through polarization and spectral filtering. C1 [Shah, V.; Knappe, S.; Hollberg, L.; Kitching, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shah, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0646-3 PY 2007 BP 1339 EP 1341 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2007.4319294 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHD30 UT WOS:000252304500278 ER PT B AU Hendee, JC Gramer, L Kleypas, JA Manzello, D Jankulak, M Langdon, C AF Hendee, James C. Gramer, Lew Kleypas, J. A. Manzello, Derek Jankulak, Mike Langdon, Chris BE Palaniswami, M Marusic, M Law, YW TI The integrated coral observing network: Sensor solutions for sensitive sites SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INTELLIGENT SENSORS, SENSOR NETWORKS AND INFORMATION PROCESSING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks and Information Processing Conference CY DEC 03-06, 2007 CL Adelaide, AUSTRALIA SP IEEE Victoria Sect, IEEE Engn Med & Biol Soc, Australian Res Council, ARC Res Network Intelligent Sensors, Sensor Networks & Informat Processing, Air Force Off Sci Res, Asian Off Aerosp Res & Dev, Victorian Govt, Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Defense Sci & Technol Org, Univ Melbourne, Dept Elect & Electron Engn ID SEA CO2 EXCHANGE; REEF; SYSTEM; IMPACT AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) Integrated Coral Observing Network (ICON), has been operational since 2000 and works closely with most US Government and many international environmental partners involved in coral reef research. The ICON program has pioneered the use of artificial intelligence techniques to assess near real-time data streams from environment sensor networks such as the SEAKEYS Network (Florida Keys), the Australia Institute of Marine Science Weather Network, NOAA's Coral Reef Ecosystem Division network in the Pacific, and its own Integrated Coral Observing Network (ICON) of stations in the Caribbean. Besides its innovative approach to coral monitoring station deployments, the ICON program recently pioneered techniques for the near real-time integration of satellite, in situ and radar data sources for purposes of ecological forecasting of such events as coral bleaching, coral spawning, upwelling and other marine behavioral or physical oceanographic events. The ICON program has also ushered in the use of Pulse-Amplitude-Modulating fluorometry to measure near real-time physiological recording of response to environmental stress during coral bleaching, thus providing even better ecological forecasting capabilities through artificial intelligence and data integrative techniques. Herewith, we describe these techniques, along with a report on new coral calcification instrumentation augmenting the ICON Network sensor array. C1 [Hendee, James C.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Gramer, Lew; Manzello, Derek; Jankulak, Mike] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Ist Marine & Atmospher res, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kleypas, J. A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Langdon, Chris] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hendee, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Jim.Hendee@noaa.gov; Lew.Gramer@noaa.gov; kleypas@ucar.edu; DManzello@rsmas.miami.edu; M.Jankulak@miami.edu; CLangdon@rsmas.miami.edu RI Gramer, Lewis/A-5620-2010 OI Gramer, Lewis/0000-0003-4772-1991 FU High Performance Computing and Communications office FX NOAAs Coral Reef Conservation Program, and the High Performance Computing and Communications office are gratefully acknowledged for support of the ICON Project and related research. The authors thank M. Shoemaker, J. Craynock, N. Ash, H. Casanova, J. Halas, L. Florit, C. Jeffris, E. Roque-Rodriguez, J. Tomczuk, K. Puglise and others for their work on the ICON Project. NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1501-4 PY 2007 BP 669 EP + DI 10.1109/ISSNIP.2007.4496923 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BHR27 UT WOS:000255633800114 ER PT B AU Tewary, VK Yang, B AF Tewary, V. K. Yang, Bo BE Narasimhan, KL Sharma, DK TI Multiscale modeling of point defects in strained silicon SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON THE PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES: IWPSD-2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Workshop on the Physics of Semiconductor Devices CY DEC 17-20, 2007 CL Indian Inst Technol, Mumbai, INDIA SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE, Appl Mat Inc, Raith GmbH, Taiwan Semicond, Intel, Infineon Technol AG, IBM HO Indian Inst Technol DE elastic constants for strained silicon; multiscale Green's function; point defects in strained silicon; strained silicon AB A multiscale Green's function method is described for modeling impurities in strained silicon. The model seamlessly links the length scales from atomistic to macro. The model accounts for the discrete lattice effects, elastic anisotropy, nonlinear effects, and the presence of point defects as well as surfaces and interfaces in the solid. An effective force, called the Kanzaki force, is defined, which is a characteristic of the defect configuration. This force can be calculated and stored for later use, which makes the method numerically convenient for subsequent calculations. The Kanzaki force is used to calculate the dipole tensor that is a measure of the strength of the defects and can be directly used to calculate the strains from the familiar continuum Green's function. Numerical results are presented for the lattice distortion and the dipole tensors for various point defects (vacancy and substitutional germanium and carbon impurities) in strained silicon. Calculated values of elastic constants are reported for strained silicon. C1 [Tewary, V. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yang, Bo] Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RP Tewary, VK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tewary@boulder.nist.gov; boyang@fit.edu NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1727-8 PY 2007 BP 46 EP + DI 10.1109/IWPSD.2007.4472452 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA BHM47 UT WOS:000254274500009 ER PT B AU Kibira, D McLean, CR AF Kibira, Deogratias McLean, Charles R. GP IEEE TI Generic simulation of automotive assembly for interoperability testing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2007 CL Washington, DC AB Computer simulation is effective in improving the efficiency of manufacturing system design, operation, and maintenance. Most simulation models are usually tailored to address a narrow set of industrial issues, e.g., the introduction of a new product. If generic data-driven simulations could be developed they would be reusable for wider application including interoperability testing of standards for exchange of data across the supply chain in manufacturing. To facilitate future interoperability testing and training, scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology are currently developing distributed, integrated manufacturing simulations for automotive manufacturing. These simulations are being developed at four different levels: the supply chain, the assembly plant, the engineering systems, and the shop floor level. This paper describes the development of a simulation model of the final assembly plant. Future efforts will increase the versatility of the model, run it on neutral data and extend integration with supply chain simulation. C1 [Kibira, Deogratias; McLean, Charles R.] NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kibira, D (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8260, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dkibira@tech.mak.ac.ug; charles.mclean@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1305-8 PY 2007 BP 1014 EP 1022 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BHT16 UT WOS:000256071800118 ER PT B AU Jain, S Riddick, F Craens, A Kibira, D AF Jain, Sanjay Riddick, Frank Craens, Andreas Kibira, Deogratias GP IEEE TI Distributed simulation for interoperability testing along the supply chain SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2007 CL Washington, DC AB The need for interoperability of information systems among supply chain partners has been recognized. A number of standards have been or are being developed to ensure interoperability of applications used along the supply chain. An associated need for interoperability testing has emerged. There is a need to evaluate compliance of applications to standards across specific platforms. The standards themselves need to be evaluated for a comprehensive coverage of the application scope (validation testing). This paper reports on a distributed simulation based approach for supply chain interoperability testing. Simulations are used to represent real life organizations to serve as sources and consumers of dynamic data. The data can be encapsulated per the standard under consideration and exchanged with other organizations directly or through selected applications for testing. Error free performance of the simulated systems over time will provide confidence in the interoperability of applications and in the standards themselves. C1 [Jain, Sanjay] George Washington Univ, Sch Business, 2201 G St NW,Suite 415, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Riddick, Frank; Craens, Andreas; Kibira, Deogratias] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jain, S (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Sch Business, 2201 G St NW,Suite 415, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM jain@gwu.edu; riddick@cme.nist.gov; andre@craens.nl; kibira@cme.nist.gov FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Manufacturing Interoperability Program, Gaithersburg, Maryland; United States Government FX Work described in this report was sponsored by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Manufacturing Interoperability Program, Gaithersburg, Maryland. The Manufacturing Interoperability Program supports NIST projects applying information technologies and standards-based approaches to manufacturing software integration problems. The work described was funded by the United States Government and is not subj ect to copyright. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1305-8 PY 2007 BP 1023 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BHT16 UT WOS:000256071800119 ER PT B AU Lendermann, P Heinicke, MU McGinnis, LF McLean, C Stralburger, S Taylor, SJE AF Lendermann, Peter Heinicke, Matthias U. McGinnis, Leon F. McLean, Charles Stralburger, Steffen Taylor, Simon J. E. GP IEEE TI Panel: Distributed simulation in industry - A real-world necessity or ivory tower fancy? SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2007 CL Washington, DC AB Distributed simulation has a long history at the Winter Simulation Conference. Although successful in the military domain it appears, however, that the idea of applying distributed simulation in other fields for modeling and analysis of large-scale, heterogeneous systems such as communication networks or supply chains has still not reached the stage of commercial use until today. This panel attempts to identify reasons for this phenomenon by debating whether distributed simulation is actually a real-world necessity or should rather be considered ivory tower fancy. C1 [Lendermann, Peter] D SIMLAB Technol Ptd Ltd, 30 Biopolis St,Matrix 03-11, Singapore 138671, Singapore. [Heinicke, Matthias U.] Unigraph Solut GmbH, D-70499 Stuttgart, Germany. [McGinnis, Leon F.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Ind & Syst Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [McLean, Charles] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stralburger, Steffen] Tech Univ Ilmenau, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany. [Taylor, Simon J. E.] Brunel Univ, Ctr Appl Simulat Modelling, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. RP Lendermann, P (reprint author), D SIMLAB Technol Ptd Ltd, 30 Biopolis St,Matrix 03-11, Singapore 138671, Singapore. EM peter@d-simlab.com; matthias.heinicke@siemens.com; leon.mcginnis@isye.gatech.edu; mclean@cme.nist.gov; steffen.strassburger@tu-ilmenau.de; simon.taylor@brunel.ac.uk NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1305-8 PY 2007 BP 1032 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BHT16 UT WOS:000256071800120 ER PT B AU Johansson, M Johansson, B Skoogh, A Leong, S Riddick, F Lee, YT Shao, GD Klingstam, P AF Johansson, Marcus Johansson, Bjoern Skoogh, Anders Leong, Swee Riddick, Frank Lee, Y. Tina Shao, Guodong Klingstam, Paer GP IEEE TI A test implementation of the Core Manufacturing Simulation Data specification SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2007 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2007 CL Washington, DC AB This paper describes an effort of testing the Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) information model as a neutral data interface for a discrete event simulation model developed using Enterprise Dynamics. The implementation is based upon a model of a paint shop at a Volvo Car Corporation plant in Sweden. The model is built for a Swedish research project (FACTS), which focuses on the work procedure of developing new and modified production systems. FACTS has found standardized simulation data structures to be of high interest to achieve efficient data collection in conceptual stages of production development programs. For the CMSD-development team, implementations serve as an approach to validate the structures in CMSD and to gather requirements for future enhancements CMSD was originally developed to support job shops, but the results of this implementation indicate a good possibility to extend CMSD to also support flow shops. C1 [Johansson, Marcus; Johansson, Bjoern; Skoogh, Anders] Chalmers, Dept Prod & Prod Dev, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Leong, Swee; Riddick, Frank; Lee, Y. Tina; Shao, Guodong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst, Integrat Div, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. [Klingstam, Paer] Volvo Car Corp, Dept 81021 PVOS 31, Mfg Engn Off, SE-40531 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Johansson, M (reprint author), Chalmers, Dept Prod & Prod Dev, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RI Johansson, Bjorn/A-9920-2009; Skoogh, Anders/D-6242-2015 OI Johansson, Bjorn/0000-0003-0488-9807; Skoogh, Anders/0000-0001-8519-0736 FU VINNOVA (Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems, integrates research and development in technology, transport and working life.) through the MERA-program FX The funding for this research is granted by VINNOVA (Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems, integrates re- search and development in technology, transport and working life.) through the MERA-program. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1305-8 PY 2007 BP 1652 EP 1660 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Operations Research & Management Science; Mathematics GA BHT16 UT WOS:000256071801035 ER PT B AU Drexler, ES Slifka, AJ Barbosa, N Drexler, JW AF Drexler, Elizabeth S. Slifka, Andrew J. Barbosa, Nicholas, III Drexler, John W. GP ASME TI Interaction of environmental conditions: Role in the reliability of active implantable devices SO Proceedings of the 2nd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference CY JUN 07-08, 2007 CL Irvine, CA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Drexler, ES (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Barbosa, Nicholas/D-8917-2012 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4266-9 PY 2007 BP 131 EP 132 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BGT86 UT WOS:000250478200056 ER PT B AU Fong, J Hedden, O AF Fong, Jeffrey Hedden, Owen BE Hasegawa, K Scarth, DA TI Recent advances in NDE and ASME B&PV Section XI a Memorial Symposium in Honor of Dr. Spencer H. Bush SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 1: CODES AND STANDARDS SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference of the American-Society-of-Mechanical-Engineers CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Pressure Vessels & Piping Div C1 [Fong, Jeffrey] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fong, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4279-9 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 VL 1 BP 451 EP 451 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BHI93 UT WOS:000253467300046 ER PT B AU Fong, J Lam, PS AF Fong, Jeffrey Lam, Poh-Sang BE Lidbury, D TI Application of statistical methods in PVP design, analysis and decision making SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE 2007, VOL 6: MATERIALS AND FABRICATION SE PRESSURE VESSEL AND PIPING DIVISION OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference of the ASME Pressure Vessels and Piping Division/8th International Conference on Creep and Fatigue at Elevated Temperatures CY JUL 22-26, 2007 CL San Antonio, TX C1 [Fong, Jeffrey] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fong, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4284-3 J9 PRES VES P PY 2007 BP 177 EP 177 PG 1 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BHM45 UT WOS:000254271400022 ER PT J AU Tsang, W Walker, JA Manion, JA AF Tsang, Wing Walker, James A. Manion, Jeffrey A. TI The decomposition of normal hexyl radicals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article ID RATE-CONSTANT; GAS-PHASE; ISOMERIZATION; PENTYL; HYDROCARBONS AB Normal hexyl radicals generated from the decomposition of n-hexyl iodide have been decomposed in single pulse shock tube experiments. All the products arising from the decomposition of 1-hexyl (the initial reactant) and 2-hexyl and 3-hexyl (isomerization products) have been detected in the temperature range 890-1020 K and 1.5-5 bar pressures. We find that k(C6H13-3 = > C2H5 + 1-C4H8 + 1-C4H8)/k(C6H13-3 = > CH3 + 1-C5H10) = 3.4 +/- 0.1 when this is combined with literature values of the beta bond scission reactions of hexyl radicals we find the following high pressure rate expressions for the isomerization processes; k(C6H13-1 (=) C6H13-2) = 1.83 x 10(2) T-2.55 exp(-5516/T)s(-1) k(C6H13-1 (=) C6H13-3) = 6.98 x T-3.2 exp(-8333/T)s(-1) with an uncertainty of a factor of 1.5 in the rate constants and 5 kJ/mol in the activation energy. They are compatible with low as well as the high temperature results. The effects of energy transfer have been deduced from a master equation RRKM analysis covering the pressure range of 0.1-100 bar, 500-1900 K. The low reaction thresholds and multichannel nature of the process leads to special problems. These include a non-monotonic decrease in rate constants from high pressure values with increasing temperature and rate constants in the "fall-off" region that are dependent on the initial isomer. Overall effects are minimal in the 100 bar region. Maximum deviation from high pressure behavior is approximately an order of magnitude near 1000 K for reactions in the I bar region. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Tsang, Wing; Walker, James A.; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tsang, W (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Wing.tsang@nist.gov NR 25 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 141 EP 148 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.069 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000007 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Lenhert, DB Yozgatligil, A Donovan, MT Mulholland, GW Zachariah, MR Tsang, W AF Manzello, Samuel L. Lenhert, David B. Yozgatligil, Ahmet Donovan, Michael T. Mulholland, George W. Zachariah, Michael R. Tsang, Wing TI Soot particle size distributions in a well-stirred reactor/plug flow reactor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE incipient soot; Nano-DMA; TEM ID FLAME; NANOPARTICLES; COAGULATION; CHARGE AB A well-stirred reactor (WSR) followed by a plug flow reactor (PFR) is being used to study polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) growth and soot inception. Soot size distributions were measured using a dilution probe followed by a nano-differential mobility analyzer (Nano-DMA). A rapid insertion probe was fabricated to thermophoretically collect particles from the reactor for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. Results are presented on the effect of equivalence ratio oil the soot size distributions obtained for fixed dilution ratio, the effect of dilution ratio on the soot size distributions obtained for fixed equivalence ratio, and the effect of temperature on the soot size distributions obtained for fixed equivalence ratio. In addition to particle sizing measurements, gas samples were analyzed by a gas chromatograph to determine the concentration of gaseous species in the PFR thought to be important in soot formation. Our soot size distribution measurements demonstrate that the mixing conditions in the flame zone affect whether or not a nucleation mode was detected in the size distribution. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.; Lenhert, David B.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yozgatligil, Ahmet; Donovan, Michael T.; Zachariah, Michael R.; Tsang, Wing] NIST, Chem Sci Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yozgatligil, Ahmet; Mulholland, George W.; Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn & Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuel.manzello@nist.gov RI Yozgatligil, Ahmet/A-9682-2016 OI Yozgatligil, Ahmet/0000-0002-7655-7695 NR 24 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 675 EP 683 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.013 PN 1 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000066 ER PT J AU Takahashi, F Linteris, GT Katta, VR AF Takahashi, Fumiaki Linteris, Gregory T. Katta, Viswanath R. TI Vortex-coupled oscillations of edge diffusion flames in coflowing air with dilution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE edge diffusion flame; vortex-flame interaction; flame oscillation; flame flickering; cup burner ID REACTION KERNEL STRUCTURE; CUP-BURNER FLAMES; LIFTED FLAMES; MICROGRAVITY; JETS; STABILIZATION; PROPANE AB The unsteady characteristics of oscillating methane diffusion flames in coflowing air diluted with CO2 in earth gravity have been studied experimentally and computationally. The measured frequency of flame flickering due to buoyancy-driven large-scale vortices was bi-modal; it jumped from approximate to 11 Hz to approximate to 15 Hz with an increase in the air velocity (at approximate to 11 cm/s). As CO2 was added into coflowing air gradually, the base (edge) of the flame detached from the burner rim, oscillated at half the flickering frequency, and blew off eventually. Numerical simulations with full chemistry predicted the internal flame structure and unsteady flame behavior: flame flickering, tip separation, base detachment, oscillation, and blowoff, in good agreement with the experiment. The mechanism of the edge diffusion flame oscillation was due to a cyclic series of events: (1) flame-base detachment and drifting downstream as a result of weakening due to dilution and a momentary increase in the entrainment-flow velocity associated with the vortex evolution, (2) fuel-air mixing in widened, lower-speed, wake space between the flame base and the burner rim, and (3) flame-base propagation through the flammable mixture layer back to the burner rim. A peak reactivity spot (reaction kernel) at the edge diffusion flame controlled the unsteady behavior through its dramatic changes in characteristics from the passively drifting to (premixed-type) propagating phase during a cycle. Because a mixing time of approximately 100 ms was required before propagation was enabled, a subsequent vortex evolved and passed. Thus, the flame-base oscillation was strongly coupled with the buoyancy-driven vortex evolution and the oscillation frequency was locked-in to half the flame-flickering frequency. The results have implications in turbulent flame structure; more specifically, the local extinction-mixing-reignition processes, in that the slow molecular mixing can become rate-limiting and the edge diffusion flame structure can be significantly different, depending on the phase in the process. (C) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Takahashi, Fumiaki] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Linteris, Gregory T.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Takahashi, F (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Fumiaki.Takahashi@grc.nasa.gov NR 26 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 1575 EP 1582 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.07.227 PN 1 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HC UT WOS:000252858000169 ER PT J AU Hu, Z Utiskul, Y Quintiere, JG Trouve, A AF Hu, ZhIxin Utiskul, Yunyong Quintiere, James G. Trouve, Arnaud TI Towards large eddy simulations of flame extinction and carbon monoxide emission in compartment fires SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE compartment fire; under-ventilated combustion; flame extinction; carbon monoxide emission; large eddy simulation ID GLOBAL EQUIVALENCE RATIO; DIFFUSION FLAMES; COMBUSTION; VENTILATION; TEMPERATURE AB The general objective of this research is to adapt current combustion modeling capabilities used in computational fluid dynamics solvers to the treatment of under-ventilated compartment fires. More specifically, we consider in the present study two models proposed to describe: diffusion flame extinction due to air vitiation; and the emission of carbon monoxide (CO) and unburnt hydrocarbon (HC) mass in a compartment fire. he flame extinction model is based on a flammability diagram parametrized in terms of vitiated air properties. The CO/HC mass model is based on: a transport equation for fuel mass; a comparison of this fuel mass to a Burke-Schumann chemical-equilibrium expression; and an interpretation of the difference as a measure of incomplete combustion. Both models are implemented into a large eddy simulation solver developed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, USA. The models performance is tested via detailed comparisons with an experimental database corresponding to reduced-scale compartment fires. The study considers two cases that correspond to different values of the fire room global equivalence ratio and are representative of strikingly different flame behaviors. The comparative tests serve to evaluate the general ability of the models to describe the transition from extinction-free conditions to conditions in which the flame experiences partial or total quenching, as well as the transition from fire regimes with no or little CO emission to regimes that emit hazardous levels. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hu, ZhIxin; Utiskul, Yunyong; Quintiere, James G.; Trouve, Arnaud] Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Hu, ZhIxin; Utiskul, Yunyong] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Trouve, Arnaud] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Trouve, A (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Fire Protect Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM atrouve@eng.umd.edu NR 27 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2537 EP 2545 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.053 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200098 ER PT J AU Wakatsuki, K Jackson, GS Harnins, A Nyden, MR AF Wakatsuki, K. Jackson, G. S. Harnins, A. Nyden, M. R. TI Effects of fuel absorption on radiative heat transfer in methanol pool fires SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE pool fires; radiation; absorption; methanol ID WATER MIST; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; EXTINCTION; SUPPRESSION; FEEDBACK; SURFACE AB Spectrally resolved infrared absorption coefficients of methanol were measured using high temperature Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for a range of temperatures (up to 1000 K) expected to be within the fuel rich core of pool fires. Principal absorption band peaks decreased with increasing temperature. The spectral region of the dominant C-O stretching peak causes the integrated Planck mean absorption coefficient to decrease above 350 K. Unidirectional radiation intensity along the fire centerline for a 0.3 in diameter methanol pool was calculated using the 1-D radiative transport equation with the highly resolved absorption coefficient database of methanol and combustion products, and gas-phase temperature and species profiles calculated by NIST's Fire Dynamics Simulator. The spectrally integrated intensity at the methanol pool surface was calculated at 12,400 W/m(2) sr, which agreed to within 2% of previously reported unidirectional radiation intensity measurements. Intensity calculations with oft-used simplifications for modeling fuel vapor absorption were compared with the spectrally resolved, temperature-dependent absorption calculations, and errors with the simplified approaches for integrated radiation intensity to the pool surface were as high as 20%. This study suggests that even for small methanol pool fires, gas-phase fuel absorption coefficients should have accurate assessments for calculating radiation heat transfer to the pool surface. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Wakatsuki, K.; Jackson, G. S.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wakatsuki, K.] Tokyo Univ Sci, Ctr Fire Sci & Technol, Chiba 2788510, Japan. [Harnins, A.; Nyden, M. R.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jackson, GS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM gsjackso@eng.umd.edu RI Jackson, Gregory/N-9919-2014 OI Jackson, Gregory/0000-0002-8928-2459 NR 30 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2573 EP 2580 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.049 PN 2 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200102 ER PT J AU Baum, HR Atreya, A AF Baum, Howard R. Atreya, Arvind TI A model of transport of fuel gases in a charring solid and its application to opposed-flow flame spread SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE charring solids; fuel transport; pressure generation; flame spread AB This paper outlines the development of a mathematical model for the transport of gases through the char matrix of a burning solid. Two basic assumptions are made. First, the gases evolved by the degradation of the virgin material are transported by pressure differences through a network of narrow passageways created in the char by the conversion of material from the solid to the gas phase. This process is treated as flow through a porous medium, with the mass flux related to the pressure gradient by Darcy's law. Second, the gas temperature is the same as the local char temperature. This model is first used to study the time-dependent thermal degradation of a semi-infinite charring solid heated above the charring temperature. Then, the opposed flow flame spread treated by Atreya and Baum [Atreya, A., Baum, H.R,, Proc. Combust. Inst., 29 (2002) 227-236] is revisited. It was found that the solution to the condensed phase flame spread problem is identical to the initial transient problem. Weak dependence of the solution on the accumulation parameter 'beta' validates the assumption made in [Atreya, A., Baum, H.R., Proc. Combust. Inst., 29 (2002) 227-236] and completes the flame spread solution. Fuel mass flux follows the heat flux lines and is normal to the isobars. Calculations using representative valuses for wood show that the pressure generation at the char-virgin material interface is considerable and equal to 13.27 kPa. Finally, in view of the fact that the nonlinear pressure equation poses considerable numerical difficulties, this analytical solution may help in determining the stability and accuracy of the numerical scheme used for more complicated problems. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Baum, Howard R.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Atreya, Arvind] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Atreya, A (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM howard.baum@nist.gov; aatreya@umich.edu NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2633 EP 2641 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.089 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200109 ER PT J AU Park, WC Atreya, A Baum, HR AF Park, Won Chan Atreya, Arvind Baum, Howard R. TI Numerical study of thermal decomposition and pressure generation in charring solids undergoing opposed-flow flame spread SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE flame spread; charring material; char; wood; pyrolysis ID MASS-TRANSPORT; HEAT AB Thermal decomposition and pressure generation in charring solids undergoing opposed-flow flame spread have been numerically studied with a detailed physics-based model. The physical problem is modeled as a steady state two-dimensional process including three parallel finite rate reactions and volatiles convection. Local thermal equilibrium is assumed between char matrix and volatiles. For pressure calculation, the volatiles are assumed to follow the ideal gas law and Darcy's law. Numerical result indicates that the char density and product yields are functions of depth due to an insulating char layer. In addition, the characteristics of various simplifying assumptions such as global reaction, infinite rate kinetics and no convective gas transport have been investigated. The global reaction model shows excellent agreement on char layer thickness with the detailed model. However, it predicts higher pressure inside the charring solid. Infinite reaction rate model shows thicker char layer in the fore region and thinner char layer in the downstream region due to constant pyrolysis temperature. Also, it shows lower pressure in the char. Simplified energy model predicts thicker char and higher pressure than the detailed model. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Park, Won Chan; Atreya, Arvind] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Baum, Howard R.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Park, WC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, 2202 GGBL,2250 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM wochpark@umich.edu NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2643 EP 2652 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.096 PN 2 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200110 ER PT J AU Takahashi, F Linteris, GT Katta, VR AF Takahashi, Fumiaki Linteris, Gregory T. Katta, Viswanath R. TI Extinguishment mechanisms of coflow diffusion flames in a cup-burner apparatus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE fire suppression; extinguishment; flame stability; diffusion flames; cup burner AB The extinguishment processes of methane-air coflow diffusion flames formed on a cup burner in earth gravity have been investigated experimentally and computationally. As a gaseous fire-extinguishing agent (CO2, N-2, He, Ar, CF3H, CF3Br, or Br-2) was introduced gradually into a coflowing oxidizer stream, the base (edge) of the flame detached from the burner rim, oscillated, and eventually extinguished. This extinguishment occurred via a blowoff process (in which the flame base drifted downstream) rather than the global chemical extinction typical of counterflow diffusion flames. The agent concentration in the oxidizer required for extinguishment was nearly independent of the mean oxidizer velocity over a wide range, exhibiting a plateau region. Numerical simulations with full chemistry revealed the unsteady blowoff process and predicted the minimum extinguishing concentration (MEC) of each agent in good agreement with the measurement. The calculations indicated that flame stabilization at the flame base depended upon diffusion of radicals and heat from the trailing diffusion flame upstream into the peak reactivity spot (i.e., reaction kernel). For physically acting agents, the flame blew off as the trailing diffusion flame temperature decreased to approximate to 1700 K, at which point the back-diffusion of heat and chain radicals into the flame stabilizing region was sufficiently reduced. Consequently, the relative ranking of inert agent effectiveness depended primarily on the heat capacity of the agent-laden oxidizer. Nonetheless, for helium, the MEC was lower than that of argon (which has the same specific heat). The numerical results showed that addition of helium leads to greater heat losses from the downstream diffusion region of the flame than addition of argon because helium addition raised the thermal conductivity of the gas mixture relative to argon addition. The results highlight the importance of the downstream diffusion flame conditions for supporting the flame stabilization which ultimately occurs at the reaction kernel. (c) 2006 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Takahashi, Fumiaki] NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. [Linteris, Gregory T.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Katta, Viswanath R.] Innovat Sci Solut Inc, Dayton, OH 45440 USA. RP Takahashi, F (reprint author), NASA, Glenn Res Ctr, Natl Ctr Space Explorat Res Fluids & Combust, 21000 Brookpk Rd,MS 110-3, Cleveland, OH 44135 USA. EM Fumiaki.Takahashi@grc.nasa.gov NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2007 VL 31 BP 2721 EP 2729 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2006.08.112 PN 2 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 258HE UT WOS:000252858200119 ER PT B AU Fanney, AH Dougherty, BP Davis, MW AF Fanney, A. Hunter Dougherty, Brian P. Davis, Mark W. GP ASME TI A comparison of predicted to measured photovoltaic module performance SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ENERGY SUSTAINABILITY CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Energy Sustainability Conference CY JUN 27-30, 2007 CL Long Beach, CA SP ASME, Adv Energy Syst, ASME, Solar Energy Div ID PANELS AB Computer simulation models to accurately predict the electrical performance of photovoltaic modules are essential. Without such models, potential purchasers of photovoltaic systems have insufficient information to judge the relative merits and cost effectiveness of photovoltaic systems. The purpose of this paper is to compare the predictions of a simulation model, developed by Sandia National Laboratories, to measurements from photovoltaic modules installed in a vertical wall facade in Gaithersburg, MD. The photovoltaic modules were fabricated using monocrystalline, polycrystalline, tandem-junction amorphous, and copper-indium diselenide cells. Polycrystalline modules were constructed using three different glazing materials - 6 mm low-iron glass, 2 rum ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene copolymer (ETFE), and 2 mm polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). In order to only assess the simulation model's ability to predict photovoltaic module performance, measured solar radiation data in the plane of the modules is initially used. Additional comparisons are made using horizontal radiation measurements. The ability of the model to accurately predict the temperature of the photovoltaic cells is investigated by comparing predicted energy production using measured versus predicted photovoltaic cell temperatures. The model was able to predict the measured annual energy production of the photovoltaic modules, with the exception of the tandem-junction amorphous modules, to within 6% using vertical irradiance measurements. The model overpredicted the annual energy production by approximately 14% for the tandem-junction amorphous panels. Using measured horizontal irradiance as input to the simulation model, the agreement between measured and predicted annual energy predictions varied between 1% and 8%, again with the exception of the tandem-junction amorphous silicon modules. The large difference between measured and predicted results for the tandem-junction modules is attributed to performance degradation. Power measurements of the tandem-junction amorphous modules at standard reporting conditions prior to and after exposure revealed a 12% decline. Supplying post-exposure module parameters to the model resulting in energy predictions within 5% of measured values. C1 [Fanney, A. Hunter; Dougherty, Brian P.; Davis, Mark W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fanney, AH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4797-8 PY 2007 BP 929 EP 943 PG 15 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BHM58 UT WOS:000254287400107 ER PT B AU Garboczi, EJ Bentz, DP Bullard, JW Ferraris, CF Martys, NS Peitz, MA Rodrigues, S Stutzman, PE Snyder, KA Winpigler, JA AF Garboczi, E. J. Bentz, D. P. Bullard, J. W. Ferraris, C. F. Martys, N. S. Peitz, M. A. Rodrigues, S. Stutzman, P. E. Snyder, K. A. Winpigler, J. A. BE Amde, AM Sabnis, G Tan, JSY TI Cement and concrete materials research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology CY SEP 19-21, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Univ Maryland, Howard Univ, CI Premier Conf Org ID MICROSTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT; SHAPE-ANALYSIS; SIMULATION; DIFFUSION; HYDRATION; CONDUCTIVITY; SUSPENSIONS AB The materials science of cement and concrete is the focus of the Inorganic Materials Group at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The experimental and computational research efforts of this group include component and finished materials characterization, workability and rheology of fresh concrete, cement hydration, micro- and nanostructure of hydrated phases in cement paste, particle shape and size, adaptive concrete technologies, and durability mechanisms and prediction. Information about the group's efforts is widely distributed via journal articles and via the group's web-based Electronic Monograph, which is currently 4000+ pages long and is accessed by 12 000+ distinct users per month from over 90 countries. Information is also disseminated via the annual Computer Modeling Workshop, held at the NIST campus in Gaithersburg, Maryland (USA) every year since 1990. This paper summarizes the activities of the group, and gives many references to published work and to the Electronic Monograph for those wishing to pursue the details of the research. A tribute to Dr. Geoffrey J.C. Frohnsdorff is also included, as he was the founder of the modern cement and concrete materials research at NIST. C1 [Garboczi, E. J.; Bentz, D. P.; Bullard, J. W.; Ferraris, C. F.; Martys, N. S.; Peitz, M. A.; Rodrigues, S.; Stutzman, P. E.; Snyder, K. A.; Winpigler, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Garboczi, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 40 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 6 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-76-3 PY 2007 BP 87 EP 94 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BHI76 UT WOS:000253444700008 ER PT B AU Ferraris, C Stutzman, P AF Ferraris, Chiara Stutzman, Paul BE Amde, AM Sabnis, G Tan, JSY TI New approach measuring the sulfate resistance of cements SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RECENT ADVANCES IN CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Conference on Recent Advances in Concrete Technology CY SEP 19-21, 2007 CL Washington, DC SP Univ Maryland, Howard Univ, CI Premier Conf Org DE external sulfate attack; cement paste; mortar; expansion; wet/dry cycles ID CRYSTALLIZATION PRESSURE; STONE AB The current standard test method for sulfate resistance of cements (ASTM C1012) requires measurements be performed on mortars for up to one year, posing a barrier to the development of new hydraulic cements. Also, the exposure of the materials to various types of environments such as constant immersion or wet-dry cycles, leads to different modes and kinetics of deterioration. This paper will investigate new test methods that were developed to measure the performance of cement and concrete during exposure to sulfate solutions. The method for cement with constant immersion consists of expansion measurements on small samples and was proposed to ASTM as a new standard test method. The change in specimen configuration allows a decrease in test time by about a factor of four. Another test, still under development will be discussed where the specimens are submitted to wet-dry cycling. C1 [Ferraris, Chiara; Stutzman, Paul] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ferraris, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU DESTECH PUBLICATIONS, INC PI LANCASTER PA 439 DUKE STREET, LANCASTER, PA 17602-4967 USA BN 978-1-932078-76-3 PY 2007 BP 141 EP 150 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA BHI76 UT WOS:000253444700014 ER PT B AU Henz, BJ Zachairah, MR AF Henz, Brian J. Zachairah, Michael R. TI Molecular dynamics study of alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayer coated gold nanoparticle SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE HPCMP USERS GROUP CONFERENCE 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual High Performance Computer Modernization Program Users Group Conference CY JUN 19-21, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP Dept Def, HPCMP Users Grp, Users Advocacy Grp, HPCMPO Outreach Team ID EMBEDDED-ATOM-METHOD; ORGANOSULFUR COMPOUNDS; AU(111) SURFACE; FCC METALS; SIMULATIONS; CHEMISORPTION; PLATINUM; LIQUID; MODEL AB Through molecular simulations we have observed that the surface of gold nanoparticles become highly corrugated by the adsorption of alkanethiolate self-assembled monolayers (SAMs). Furthermore, as the temperature is increased, the SAMs dissolve into the gold nanoparticle, creating a liquid mixture at temperatures much lower than the melting temperature of the gold nanoparticle. By analyzing the mechanical and chemical properties of gold nanoparticles at temperatures below the melting point of gold, with different SAM chain lengths and surface coverage properties, we have determined that the system is metastable. The model and computational results that provide support for this hypothesis are presented in this paper. C1 [Henz, Brian J.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Zachairah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zachairah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zachairah, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Henz, BJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM brianj.henz@us.army.mil; mrz@umd.edu FU US Army Research Laboratory; Major Shared Resource Center at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD; National Institute for Standards and Technology FX The authors would like to acknowledge the support received by the US Army Research Laboratory, Major Shared Resource Center at the Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD. Additional support was given by the National Institute for Standards and Technology. NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3088-8 PY 2007 BP 185 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Aerospace; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHG94 UT WOS:000253089900028 ER PT S AU Eklund, EJ Shkel, AM Knappe, S Donley, E Kitching, J AF Eklund, E. Jesper Shkel, Andrei M. Knappe, Svenja Donley, Elizabeth Kitching, John GP IEEE TI Spherical rubidium vapor cells fabricated by micro glass blowing SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE TWENTIETH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2007) CY JAN 21-25, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE AB This paper presents an application of micro glass blowing, in which multiple glass spheres are simultaneously shaped on top of a silicon wafer and subsequently filled with rubidium. The fabrication process is based on etching cavities in silicon, followed by anodic bonding of a thin glass wafer to the etched silicon wafer. The bonded wafers are then heated inside a furnace at a temperature above the softening point of the glass, and due to expansion of the heated trapped gas in the cavities, the glass is blown into three-dimensional spherical cells. Microscopic alkali vapor cells are achieved by evaporation of Rb-87 through a small glass nozzle into the cell cavities. The cells are then sealed by anodic bonding. The results of the cell fabrication and characterization are presented. C1 [Eklund, E. Jesper; Shkel, Andrei M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Microsyst Lab, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Knappe, Svenja; Donley, Elizabeth; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Eklund, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Microsyst Lab, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 FU DARPA NGIMG program FX The authors would like to thank the staff of the UCI microfabrication facility, INRF, for fabrication support and Dr. Dragos Constantin for technical assistance. This work is supported in part by the DARPA NGIMG program. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-0950-1 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2007 BP 362 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHS11 UT WOS:000255867800091 ER PT S AU Agarwal, AK Atencia, J Beebe, DJ Jiang, H AF Agarwal, Abhishek K. Atencia, Javier Beebe, David J. Jiang, Hongrui GP IEEE TI Design of microfluidic impellers capable of bi-directional pumping under a single rotating magnetic actuation SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE IEEE TWENTIETH ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MICRO ELECTRO MECHANICAL SYSTEMS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings IEEE Micro Electro Mechanical Systems LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2007) CY JAN 21-25, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE ID MICROPUMPS AB In this paper, we advance our previous dynamic microfluidic micropumps by designing and developing nickel (Ni) impellers that pump and recirculate fluid in both forward and reverse directions, while being driven by a single external rotating magnetic stirrer rotating in the same direction. Liquid-phase photopolymerization and Ni electroforming are leveraged and integrated together to fabricate polymer-based micropumps with different Ni impeller geometries. Experiments were conducted to determine the effect of magnetic stirrer frequency on the average flowrate achieved by the different Ni impeller geometries. The forces that dictate the direction of the fluid flow is also discussed. C1 [Agarwal, Abhishek K.; Jiang, Hongrui] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1415 Johnson Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Atencia, Javier] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Beebe, David J.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biomol Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Agarwal, AK (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, 1415 Johnson Dr, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM hongrui@engr.wisc.edu RI Atencia, Javier/K-8613-2012 FU U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS); National Center for Food Protection and Defense (NCFPD) at the University of Minnesota FX This research was mostly supported by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) through a grant awarded to the National Center for Food Protection and Defense (NCFPD) at the University of Minnesota NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1084-6999 BN 978-1-4244-0950-1 J9 PROC IEEE MICR ELECT PY 2007 BP 502 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHS11 UT WOS:000255867800126 ER PT B AU Croley, TE Atkinson, JF Raikow, DF AF Croley, Thomas E., II Atkinson, Joseph F. Raikow, David F. BE Wilson, J TI Hydrologic-hydraulic-ecologic resource sheds SO Proceedings of the Second IASTED International Conference on Water Resources Management LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IASTED International Conference on Water Resources Management CY AUG 20-22, 2007 CL Honolulu, HI DE water supply distribution and nonpoint source mapping AB We can quantify source areas contributing material to a location during various time periods as resource sheds. Various kinds of resource sheds and their source material distributions are defined. For watershed hydrology, we compute resource sheds and their source material distributions with a spatially distributed hydrology model by tracing material departing from a cell (say 1 km(2)) over one time interval and arriving at the watershed mouth in another time interval. This requires modeling all cells, but only tracing contributions from one at a time. By then combining these simulations for all cell loadings, we construct a map of the contributions over the entire watershed for specific departure and arrival time intervals. We then combine results of several sets of simulations to determine the source distribution for any time period and infer resource sheds from these mappings. For lake circulation, we discuss the construction of resource sheds and their source distributions in the lake, by using lake circulation models to drive particle tracers in reverse time, and subsequent correction. We present Maumee watershed examples, discuss methods of computation reduction and linkage with lake circulation models, construct joint resource sheds in Lake Erie, and suggest areas of extension. C1 NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Croley, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACTA PRESS ANAHEIM PI ANAHEIM PA PO BOX 5124, ANAHEIM, CA 92814-5124 USA BN 978-0-88986-679-9 PY 2007 BP 164 EP 169 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA BGW67 UT WOS:000250957500029 ER PT B AU Fillinger, A Diduch, L Hamchi, I Degre, S Stanford, V AF Fillinger, Antoine Diduch, Lukas Hamchi, Imad Degre, Stephane Stanford, Vincent GP ACM TI NIST smart data flow system II - Speaker localization SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON INFORMATION PROCESSING IN SENSOR NETWORKS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Symposium on Information Processing Sensor Networks CY APR 25-27, 2007 CL Cambridge, MA SP ACM SIGBED, IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE data streams; distributed computing; smart data flow; smart spaces; multimodal data transport infrastructure AB Multimodal applications require the acquisition and processing of massive amounts of information from multiple sensors. Because this process is beyond the capabilities of a single machine, we developed a sensor network data transport system that can employ the numerous computing devices required to perform the task. The computational and data acquisition processes are thus allocated to components spread across a network of systems. We present the NIST Smart Data Flow System II, which is a middleware layer that represents applications as data flow graphs, and transports information streams between the different computational components of the application. C1 [Fillinger, Antoine; Diduch, Lukas; Hamchi, Imad; Degre, Stephane; Stanford, Vincent] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fillinger, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-638-7 PY 2007 BP 549 EP 550 DI 10.1145/1236360.1236434 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BHA29 UT WOS:000251798600061 ER PT B AU Fiorentini, X Gambino, L Liang, VC Foufou, S Rachuri, S Bock, C Mani, M AF Fiorentini, Xenia Gambino, Lacopo Liang, Vei-Chung Foufou, Sebti Rachuri, Sudarsan Bock, Conrad Mani, Mahesh BE Garetti, M Terzi, S Ball, P Han, S TI Towards an ontology for open assembly model SO PRODUCT LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT: ASSESSING THE INDUSTRIAL RELEVANCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Conference on Product Lifecycle Management CY JUL 11-13, 2007 CL KilometroRosso, Stezzano, ITALY SP Politecn Milano, PLM Cluster, Univ Bergamo, Dassault Syst, Oracle, Siemens, Autodesk, Intergraph, Parallaksis, PLM Syst, Selerant, Spazio Syst HO KilometroRosso DE Ontological Assembly Model; Core Product Model; open assembly model; interoperability; reasoning capabilities AB In any industrial scenario, most products are assemblies composed of either parts or subassemblies produced by different companies. Traditionally assembly information model contain information regarding parts, their relationships, and its form. But it is important that the model also represent the function and behavior. This paper addresses the development of an Ontological Assembly Model (OnAM) in the broader context of Product Lifecycle Management (PLM). A model like OnAM can help in achieving various levels of interoperability as required to enable the full potential of PLM. In this paper we first present an Ontology Web Language (OWL) version of the Core Product Model (CPM) [1-2] and subsequently Open Assembly Model (OAM) [3] based on their previous NIST versions in Unified Modelling Language (UML). Besides developing a semantic assembly information model, we further extend this model to incorporate reasoning capabilities. We briefly explore and discuss various tools and methodologies for modeling OnAM with reasoning capabilities. The developed OnAM can be considered an extension to the NIST's OAM with semantic interoperability. This extended OnAM could serve to test the advantages of a semantic approach to represent a product structure evolution i.e., from the design phases and throughout the life of the product. A brief case study is additionally presented to explain the OnAM including rules and reasoning capabilities. C1 [Fiorentini, Xenia; Gambino, Lacopo; Liang, Vei-Chung; Foufou, Sebti; Rachuri, Sudarsan; Bock, Conrad; Mani, Mahesh] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fiorentini, X (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8263, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mahesh.mani@nist.gov NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA AEROPORT PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BUILDING, 110 AVE LOUIS CASAI, CH 1215 15 GENEVA AEROPORT, SWITZERLAND BN 978-0-907776-32-1 PY 2007 BP 445 EP 456 PG 12 WC Business; Engineering, Manufacturing; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Business & Economics; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BHM94 UT WOS:000254406500047 ER PT J AU Pena, MA Bograd, SJ AF Pena, M. Angelica Bograd, Steven J. TI Time series of the northeast Pacific SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material ID OREGON AB In July 2006, the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES) and Fisheries & Oceans Canada sponsored the symposium "Time Series of the Northeast Pacific: A symposium to mark the 50th anniversary of Line P". The symposium, which celebrated 50 years of oceanography along Line P and at Ocean Station Papa (OSP), explored the scientific value of the Line P and other long oceanographic time series of the northeast Pacific (NEP). Overviews of the principal NEP time-series were presented, which facilitated regional comparisons and promoted interaction and exchange of information among investigators working in the NEP. More than 80 scientists from 8 countries attended the symposium. This introductory essay is a brief overview of the symposium and the 10 papers that were selected for this special issue of Progress in Oceanography. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Inst Ocean Sci, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Sydney, NSW V8L 4B2, Australia. NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, NMFS, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Pena, MA (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, PO Box 6000, Sydney, NSW V8L 4B2, Australia. NR 10 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 75 IS 2 BP 115 EP 119 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2007.08.008 PG 5 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 232WC UT WOS:000251050100001 ER PT J AU Cavaleri, L Alves, JHGM Ardhuin, F Babanin, A Banner, M Belibassakis, K Benoit, M Donelan, M Groeneweg, J Herbers, THC Hwang, P Janssen, PAEM Janssen, T Lavrenov, IV Magne, R Monbaliu, J Onorato, M Polnikov, V Resio, D Rogers, WE Sheremet, A Smith, JM Tolman, HL van Vledder, G Wolf, J Young, I AF Cavaleri, L. Alves, J. -H. G. M. Ardhuin, F. Babanin, A. Banner, M. Belibassakis, K. Benoit, M. Donelan, M. Groeneweg, J. Herbers, T. H. C. Hwang, P. Janssen, P. A. E. M. Janssen, T. Lavrenov, I. V. Magne, R. Monbaliu, J. Onorato, M. Polnikov, V. Resio, D. Rogers, W. E. Sheremet, A. Smith, J. Mckee Tolman, H. L. van Vledder, G. Wolf, J. Young, I. TI Wave modelling - The state of the art SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE wind waves; wind-wave generation; wave-wave interaction; wave propagation; wave dissipation; wave-current interaction; numerics ID SURFACE GRAVITY-WAVES; WIND-GENERATED WAVES; LINEAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; SHALLOW-WATER WAVES; STOCHASTIC-EVOLUTION EQUATIONS; NONLINEAR 4-WAVE INTERACTIONS; DIRECT NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; WEAK TURBULENCE THEORY; SHORT-FETCH BEHAVIOR; BOUNDARY-LAYER FLOW AB This paper is the product of the wave modelling community and it tries to make a picture of the present situation in this branch of science, exploring the previous and the most recent results and looking ahead towards the solution of the problems we presently face. Both theory and applications are considered. The many faces of the subject imply separate discussions. This is reflected into the single sections, seven of them, each dealing with a specific topic, the whole providing a broad and solid overview of the present state of the art. After an introduction framing the problem and the approach we followed, we deal in sequence with the following subjects: (Section) 2, generation by wind; 3, nonlinear interactions in deep water; 4, white-capping dissipation; 5, nonlinear interactions in shallow water; 6, dissipation at the sea bottom; 7, wave propagation; 8, numerics. The two final sections, 9 and 10, summarize the present situation from a general point of view and try to look at the future developments. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cavaleri, L.] Inst Marine Sci, I-30122 Venice, Italy. [Alves, J. -H. G. M.] MetOcean Engineers Pty Ltd, Jolimont, WA 6014, Australia. [Ardhuin, F.] French Naval Oceanog Ctr, SHOM CMO RED, F-29609 Brest, France. [Babanin, A.; Young, I.] Swinburne Univ Technol, Hawthorn, Vic 3122, Australia. [Banner, M.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Belibassakis, K.] Natl Tech Univ Athens, Shipbuilding Dept, Egaleo 12210, Greece. [Benoit, M.] Lab Natl Hydraul & Environm, F-78400 Chatou, France. [Donelan, M.] Miami Univ, RSMAS AMP, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Groeneweg, J.] Delft Hydraul, NL-2600 MH Delft, Netherlands. [Herbers, T. H. C.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Hwang, P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Janssen, P. A. E. M.] ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Janssen, T.] Delft Univ Technol, Fac Civil Engn & Geosci, Fluid Mech Sect, NL-2600 GA Delft, Netherlands. [Lavrenov, I. V.] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199397, Russia. [Magne, R.] SHOM, F-29609 Brest, France. [Monbaliu, J.] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Hydraul Lab, B-3001 Heverlee, Belgium. [Onorato, M.] Univ Turin, Dipartimento Fis Gen, I-10125 Turin, Italy. [Polnikov, V.] AM Obukhouv Inst Phys Atmoshpere, Moscow 119017, Russia. [Resio, D.; Smith, J. Mckee] US Army Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Coastal & Hydraul Lab, Vicksburg, MS 39180 USA. [Rogers, W. E.] Naval Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Sheremet, A.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Tolman, H. L.] NOAA, NCEP, SAIC GSO, Camp Springs, MD USA. [van Vledder, G.] Alkyon Hydraul Consultancy & Res, NL-8300 AE Emmeloord, Netherlands. [Wolf, J.] Proudman Oceang Lab, Liverpool L3 5DA, Merseyside, England. RP Cavaleri, L (reprint author), Inst Marine Sci, Castello 1364-A, I-30122 Venice, Italy. EM luigi.cavateri@ismar.cnr.it RI CNR, Ismar/P-1247-2014; Ardhuin, Fabrice/A-1364-2011; Babanin, Alexander/A-6676-2008; Onorato, Miguel/G-7104-2012; Young, Ian/E-7385-2011 OI CNR, Ismar/0000-0001-5351-1486; Banner, Michael/0000-0002-0799-5341; Cavaleri, Luigi/0000-0003-0360-2077; Wolf, Judith/0000-0003-4129-8221; Babanin, Alexander/0000-0002-8595-8204; Ardhuin, Fabrice/0000-0002-9309-9681; Onorato, Miguel/0000-0001-9141-2147; Young, Ian/0000-0003-2233-9227 NR 405 TC 172 Z9 173 U1 5 U2 56 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 75 IS 4 BP 603 EP 674 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2007.05.005 PG 72 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 248SX UT WOS:000252176800001 ER PT J AU Wilczak, JM Leben, RR McCollum, DS AF Wilczak, James M. Leben, Robert R. McCollum, David S. TI Upper-ocean thermal structure and heat content off the US West Coast during the 1997-1998 El Nino event based on AXBT and satellite altimetry data SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE El Nino; California; coastal ocean; satellite altimeter; mixed-layer depth; temperature anomalies ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NE PACIFIC GYRES; NORTH PACIFIC; CENTRAL CALIFORNIA; ENSO; VARIABILITY; ANOMALIES; CIRCULATION; EVOLUTION; OREGON AB During the 1997/1998 El Nino event, extensive oceanic temperature profiles were taken off the coast of California in January and February 1998 using Airborne Expendable Bathythermographs (AXBTs). These AXBT measurements are compared with altimetry-based upper-ocean temperature estimates using TOPEX and ERS satellite altimetry data. The altimetry-based temperature estimates are well correlated with the AXBT data, in particular when combining the two satellite data sets together to form a blended altimeter temperature estimate. Both the AXBT and altimetry data show that the nearshore coastal El Nino signal differed from that further offshore. The AXBT data show that near shore, the warm anomalies extended to much greater depths and had greater amplitude. A time series of the satellite-derived layer-averaged temperatures, averaged separately over the nearshore and offshore halves of the AXBT analysis domain, also shows a larger El Nino signal in the nearshore half. The role of local atmospheric forcing of the coastal oceanic temperature anomalies is analyzed using NCEP reanalysis and coastal upwelling data sets. The forcing terms include Ekman pumping, radiation, surface heat fluxes, precipitation, and alongshore wind stresses that drive coastal upwelling (expressed as a coastal downwelling index, CDI). The temperature forcing from all of the terms except the CDI anomalies are small. The CDI anomalies can explain most of the slowly varying temperature changes that occur near the coast during a two-year period spanning the El Nino event, as well as some of the larger amplitude, rapid (monthly) warming episodes that appear to be part of the El Nino signal. Several distinct rapid warming episodes, however, are not correlated with the CDI anomalies, and therefore we conclude that the nearshore El Nino signal originates from a combination of both a remote oceanic pathway and local atmospheric forcing. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wilczak, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.m.wilczak@noaa.gov RI Leben, Robert/F-3792-2010 OI Leben, Robert/0000-0003-1067-9515 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 74 IS 1 BP 48 EP 70 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2007.02.006 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 193TH UT WOS:000248297100002 ER PT J AU Steele, JH Collie, JS Bisagni, JJ Gifford, DJ Fogarty, MJ Link, JS Sullivan, BK Sieracki, ME Beet, AR Mountain, DG Durbin, EG Palka, D Stockhausen, WT AF Steele, J. H. Collie, J. S. Bisagni, J. J. Gifford, D. J. Fogarty, M. J. Link, J. S. Sullivan, B. K. Sieracki, M. E. Beet, A. R. Mountain, D. G. Durbin, E. G. Palka, D. Stockhausen, W. T. TI Balancing end-to-end budgets of the Georges Bank ecosystem SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE bottom-up; energy budget; food web; georges bank; physical forcing; top-down ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF ECOSYSTEM; LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEM; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; NORTH-SEA; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; ZOOPLANKTON TRENDS; TROPHIC CASCADES; PREDATORY FISH; SCOTIAN SHELF; MAINE REGION AB Oceanographic regimes on the continental shelf display a great range in the time scales of physical exchange, biochemical processes and trophic transfers. The close surface-to-seabed physical coupling at intermediate scales of weeks to months means that the open ocean simplification to a purely pelagic food web is inadequate. Top-down trophic depictions, starting from the fish populations, are insufficient to constrain a system involving extensive nutrient recycling at lower trophic levels and subject to physical forcing as well as fishing. These pelagic-benthic interactions are found on all continental shelves but are particularly important on the relatively shallow Georges Bank in the northwest Atlantic. We have generated budgets for the lower food web for three physical regimes (Well-mixed, Transitional and Stratified) and for three seasons (Spring, Summer and Fall/Winter). The calculations show that vertical mixing and lateral exchange between the three regimes are important for zooplankton production as well as for nutrient input. Benthic suspension feeders are an additional critical pathway for transfers to higher trophic levels. Estimates of production by mesozooplankton, benthic suspension feeders and deposit feeders, derived primarily from data collected during the GLOBEC years of 1995-1999, provide input to an upper food web. Diets of commercial fish populations are used to calculate food requirements in three fish categories, planktivores, benthivores and piscivores, for four decades, 1963-2002, between which there were major changes in the fish communities. Comparisons of inputs from the lower web with fish energetic requirements for plankton and benthos indicate that we obtained reasonable agreement for the last three decades, 1973-2002. However, for the first decade, the fish food requirements were significantly less than the inputs. This decade, 1963-1972, corresponds to a period characterized by a strong Labrador Current and lower nitrate levels at the shelf-edge, demonstrating how strong bottom-up physical forcing may determine overall fish yields. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. RP Steele, JH (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jsteele@whoi.edu NR 90 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 74 IS 4 BP 423 EP 448 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2007.05.003 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 212YN UT WOS:000249633100001 ER PT J AU Johnson, GC Gruber, N AF Johnson, Gregory C. Gruber, Nicolas TI Decadal water mass variations along 20 degrees W in the Northeastern Atlantic Ocean SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE dissolved oxygen; heat storage; ocean-atmosphere system; ocean circulation; temporal variations; water masses; Eastern subpolar North Atlantic Ocean ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION CHANGES; OSCILLATION; OXYGEN; PACIFIC; VENTILATION; TRENDS AB Water mass variations in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean along 20 degrees W are analyzed with pentadal resolution over the past 15 years using data from four repeat occupations of a meridional hydrographic section running south from Iceland. The section was sampled in 1988, 1993, 1998, and 2003. The results are interpreted in the context of changes in air-sea forcing, ocean circulation, and water properties associated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). The NAO index oscillated around zero from 1984 to 1988, was strongly positive from 1989 to 1995, after which it shifted to lower positive, and occasionally negative values from 1996 to 2003. Previously published studies suggest that after the 1995-1996 shift of the NAO, the subpolar gyre largely retreated to the northwest in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, resulting in an increasingly southeastern character of local water masses with time. Water property changes extending from the Subpolar Mode Water (SPMW) just below the seasonal pycnocline through the density range shared by Mediterranean Outflow Water and SubArctic Intermediate Water (SAIW) along 20 degrees W are consistent with changes in wind-driven ocean circulation and air-sea heat flux associated with shifts in the NAO, especially after accounting for ocean memory. After periods of lower NAO index the SPMW is warmer, saltier, and lighter. At these same times, large increases of apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and potential vorticity are found at the SPMW base, consistent with SPMW ventilation to lighter densities during lower NAO index periods. Deeper and denser in the water column, the cold, fresh, and dense SAIW signature within the permanent pycnocline that was most strongly present in 1993, near the culmination of a period of high NAO index, is much reduced in 1988 and 1998. In 2003, after a prolonged period of lower NAO index, increasing influence of warmer, saltier subtropical waters is clear within the permanent pycnocline. The deep penetration of the changes implies that they are caused primarily by circulation changes resulting from NAO-associated wind shifts, but changes in air-sea heat flux could also have played a role. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atomspher & Ocean Sci, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, Zurich, Switzerland. RP Johnson, GC (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way,Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.c.johnson@noaa.gov RI Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012 OI Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020 NR 39 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 73 IS 3-4 BP 277 EP 295 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.022 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 194GP UT WOS:000248333000005 ER PT J AU Lanksbury, JA Duffy-Anderson, JT Mier, KL Busby, MS Stabeno, PJ AF Lanksbury, Jennifer A. Duffy-Anderson, Janet T. Mier, Kathryn L. Busby, Morgan S. Stabeno, Phyllis J. TI Distribution and transport patterns of northern rock sole, Lepidopsetta polyxystra, larvae in the southeastern Bering Sea SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE distribution; transport; larvae; pleuronectidae; northern rock sole; Lepidopsetta polyxystra; Bering Sea ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; ALASKA COASTAL CURRENT; SENSITIVITY ANALYSES; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; UNIMAK PASS; CIRCULATION; ZOOPLANKTON; REGION; SHELF; OCEAN AB We report the size, abundance, and distribution (horizontal, vertical) of northern rock sole, Lepidopsetta polyxystra, larvae collected from ichthyoplankton surveys on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf near Unimak Island, in Unimak Pass, and in the Gulf of Alaska south of Unimak Island. The greatest abundances of larvae occurred within Unimak Pass and in the Bering Sea northeast of Unimak Island. Larvae were smaller and more abundant in 2002 than in 2003. Larval abundance and size varied with depth. Highest abundances were at depths of 10-30 m during the day, and larger fish appeared to migrate from below 20 m to 0-10 m at night. There was evidence of multiple spawning locates and larval dispersal pathways that were depth- and area-specific. Northern rock sole larvae spawned west of Unimak Pass along the Aleutian Islands may be transported northward by the Bering Slope Current. Larvae spawned in the Gulf of Alaska and advected through Unimak Pass are differentially dispersed, primarily to the middle and outer shelves along the 100 m and 200 m isobaths, or along the Alaska Peninsula. Larvae spawned along the Alaska Peninsula east of Unimak Island appear to have the greatest chance of being transported to nursery areas in the coastal domain. Dispersal of near-surface northern rock sole larvae in any of these locations is likely influenced by wind-driven advection, but below-surface (>10 m) northern rock sole larval transport is probably more affected by factors that modulate geostrophic flow rather than wind-driven surface currents. (C) 2006 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Duffy-Anderson, JT (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Janet.Duffy-Anderson@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 72 IS 1 BP 39 EP 62 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.09.001 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 129PA UT WOS:000243740200003 ER PT J AU Durbin, E Kane, J AF Durbin, Edward Kane, Joseph TI Seasonal and spatial dynamics of Centropages typicus and C-hamatus in the western North Atlantic SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Centropages typicus; Centropages hamatus; abundance; seasonal cycle; mid-Atlantic Bight; Georges Bank; Gulf of Maine ID NEW-YORK BIGHT; TEMPORAL ABUNDANCE PATTERNS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF ECOSYSTEM; LATE-STAGE COPEPODITES; SCOTIAN SHELF; CALANUS-FINMARCHICUS; LIFE-HISTORY; GEORGES BANK; VERTICAL MIGRATION; MARINE COPEPOD AB Centropagcs typicus and Centropages hamatus are two of the most abundant copepods on the continental shelf in the mid-Atlantic region of the western North Atlantic. Their range extends from the Scotian Shelf (C. typicus) and the Grand Banks (C. hamatus) in the north to Cape Hatteras in the south. South of Cape Hatteras they have only been observed in inshore waters of North and South Carolina and not offshore on the continental shelf or in coastal waters of eastern Florida. However, C. hamatus has been observed in western Florida. Abundances of both species are greatest in inshore regions in the mid-Atlantic Bight with C. hamatus tending to have a more coastal distribution. In this region seasonal variability is low with high abundances from late fall through mid-summer. In the north year-round presence of both species is confined to inshore areas and offshore banks such as Georges Bank, and Browns Bank, Emerald Bank and Western Bank on the Scotian Shelf. In this northern region there is a pronounced seasonal cycle in abundance with high abundances during late summer and fall. Periods of high reproductive rates are closely linked to blooms of large phytoplankton and food availability rather than temperature appears to be controlling population abundances. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Durbin, E (reprint author), Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, S Ferry Rd, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM edurbin@gso.uri.edu; jkane@whsun1.wh.whoi.edu NR 48 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 72 IS 2-3 BP 249 EP 258 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2007.01.008 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 154TY UT WOS:000245531900010 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ Fiedler, PC AF Wang, Chunzai Fiedler, Paul C. TI "ENSO variability and the eastern tropical Pacific: A review" (vol 69, pg 239, 2006) SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Correction C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chunzai.wang@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PY 2007 VL 72 IS 4 BP 384 EP 384 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2006.11.001 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 158NO UT WOS:000245798400005 ER PT J AU Okal, EA Titov, VV AF Okal, Emile A. Titov, Vasily V. TI M-TSU: Recovering seismic moments from tsunameter records SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE tsunami; magnitudes; normal mode theory; tsunami warning ID MANTLE MAGNITUDE; POINT-SOURCE; EARTHQUAKE; WAVES; OSCILLATIONS; NUCLEATION; EXCITATION; SIZE AB We define a new magnitude scale, M-TSU, allowing the quantification of the seismic moment M-0 of an earthquake based on recordings of its tsunami in the far field by ocean-bottom pressure sensors ("tsunameters") deployed in ocean basins, far from continental or island shores which are known to affect profoundly and in a nonlinear fashion the amplitude of the tsunami wave. The formula for M-TSU, M-TSU = log(10) M-0 - 20 = log(10) X (omega) + C-D(TSU) + C-S(TSU) + C-0, where X (omega) is the spectral amplitude of the tsunami, C-D(TSU) a distance correction and C-S(TSU) a source correction, is directly adapted from the mantle magnitude M. introduced for seismic surface waves by OKAL and TALANDIER. Like M-m its corrections are fully justified theoretically based on the representation of a tsunami wave as a branch of the Earth's normal modes. Even the locking constant C0, which may depend on the nature of the recording (surface amplitude of the tsunami or overpressure at the ocean floor) and its units, is predicted theoretically. M-TSU combines the power of a theoretically developed algorithm, with the robustness of a magnitude measurement that does not take into account such parameters as focal geometry and exact depth, which may not be available under operational conditions in the framework of tsunami warning. We verify the performance of the concept on simulations of the great 1946 Aleutian tsunami at two virtual gauges, and then apply the algorithm to 24 records of 7 tsunamis at DART tsunameters during the years 1994-2003. We find that M-TSU generally recovers the seismic moment M-0 within 0.2 logarithmic units, even under unfavorable conditions such as excessive focal depth and refraction of the tsunami wave around continental masses. Finally, we apply the algorithm to the JASON satellite trace obtained over the Bay of Bengal during the 2004 Sumatra tsunami, after transforming the trace into a time series through a simple ad hoe procedure. Results are surprisingly good, with most estimates of the moment being over 10(29) dyn-cm, and thus identifying the source as an exceptionally large earthquake. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Labs, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Okal, EA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 42 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 164 IS 2-3 BP 355 EP 378 DI 10.1007/s00024-006-0180-5 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 162RT UT WOS:000246107900005 ER PT J AU Kowalik, Z Knight, W Logan, T Whitmore, P AF Kowalik, Zygmunt Knight, William Logan, Tom Whitmore, Paul TI The tsunami of 26 December, 2004: Numerical modeling and energy considerations SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Indonesian tsunami; tsunami model; maximum amplitude; energy flux ID EARTHQUAKE AB A numerical model for the global tsunamis computation constructed by KOWALIK et al. (2005), is applied to the tsunami of 26 December, 2004 in the World Ocean from 80 degrees S to 69 degrees N with spatial resolution of one minute. Because the computational domain includes close to 200 million grid points, a parallel version of the code was developed and run on a Cray X1 supercomputer. An energy flux function is used to investigate energy transfer from the tsunami source to the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Although the first energy input into the Pacific Ocean was the primary (direct) wave, reflections from the Sri Lankan and eastern shores of Maldives were a larger source. The tsunami travelled from Indonesia, around New Zealand, and into the Pacific Ocean by various routes. The direct path through the deep ocean to North America carried miniscule energy, while the stronger signal travelled a considerably longer distance via South Pacific ridges as these bathymetric features amplified the energy flux vectors. Travel times for these amplified energy fluxes are much longer than the arrival of the first wave. These large fluxes are organized in the wave-like form when propagating between Australia and Antarctica. The sources for the larger fluxes are multiple reflections from the Seychelles, Maldives and a slower direct signal from the Bay of Bengal. The energy flux into the Atlantic Ocean shows a different pattern since the energy is pumped into this domain through the directional properties of the source function. The energy flow into the Pacific Ocean is approximately 75% of the total flow to the Atlantic Ocean. In many locations along the Pacific and Atlantic coasts, the first arriving signal, or forerunner, has lower amplitude than the main signal which often is much delayed. Understanding this temporal distribution is important for an application to tsunami warning and prediction. C1 Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. NWS, NOAA, W Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Ctr, Palmer, AK USA. Univ Alaska, Arctic Reg Supercomp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Kowalik, Z (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ffzk@ims.uaf.edu NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 3 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 164 IS 2-3 BP 379 EP 393 DI 10.1007/s00024-006-0162-7 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 162RT UT WOS:000246107900006 ER PT J AU Cherniawsky, JY Titov, VV Wang, KL Jing-Yang, L AF Cherniawsky, Josef Y. Titov, Vasily V. Wang, Kelin Jing-Yang, Li TI Numerical simulations of tsunami waves and currents for southern Vancouver Island from a Cascadia megathrust earthquake SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE tsunami waves; Cascadia subduction zone; megathrust earthquake; numerical modelling ID PACIFIC-NORTHWEST REGION; SUBDUCTION ZONE; LOCAL EARTHQUAKES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; WASHINGTON-STATE; OUTER COAST; AMPLITUDES; RECORDS; OREGON; DEFORMATION AB The 1700 great Cascadia earthquake (M = 9) generated widespread tsunami waves that affected the entire Pacific Ocean and caused damage as distant as Japan. Similar catastrophic waves may be generated by a future Cascadia megathrust earthquake. We use three rupture scenarios for this earthquake in numerical experiments to study propagation of tsunami waves off the west coast of North America and to predict tsunami heights and currents in several bays and harbours on southern Vancouver Island, British Columbia, including Ucluelet, located on the west coast of the island, and Victoria and Esquimalt harbours inside Juan de Fuca Strait. The earthquake scenarios are: an 1100-km long rupture over the entire length of the subduction zone and separate ruptures of its northern or southern segments. As expected, the southern earthquake scenario has a limited effect over most of the Vancouver Island coast, with waves in the harbours not exceeding I m. The other two scenarios produce large tsunami waves, higher than 16 m at one location near Ucluelet and over 4 m inside Esquimalt and Victoria harbours, and very strong currents that reach 17 m/s in narrow channels and near headlands. Because the assumed rupture scenarios are based on a previous earthquake, direct use of the model results to estimate the effect of a future earthquake requires appropriate qualification. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Univ Victoria, Dept Comp Sci, Victoria, BC, Canada. RP Cherniawsky, JY (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Inst Ocean Sci, POB 6000, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM cherniawskyj@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 46 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 8 U2 18 PU SPRINGER BASEL AG PI BASEL PA PICASSOPLATZ 4, BASEL, 4052, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 EI 1420-9136 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PY 2007 VL 164 IS 2-3 BP 465 EP 492 DI 10.1007/s00024-006-0169-0 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 162RT UT WOS:000246107900011 ER PT B AU Okun, V Guthrie, WF Gaucher, R Black, PE AF Okun, Vadim Guthrie, William F. Gaucher, Romain Black, Paul E. GP ACM TI Effect of Static Analysis Tools on Software Security: Preliminary Investigation SO QOP'07: PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2007 ACM WORKSHOP ON QUALITY OF PROTECTION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd Workshop on Quality of Protection/14th ACM Computer and Communications Security Conference CY OCT 29, 2009 CL Alexandria, VA SP ACM SIGSAC DE Software Security; Static Analysis Tools; Vulnerability AB Static analysis tools can handle large-scale software and find thousands of defects. But do they improve software security? We evaluate the effect of static analysis tool use on software security in open source projects. We measure security by vulnerability reports in the National Vulnerability Database. C1 [Okun, Vadim; Guthrie, William F.; Gaucher, Romain; Black, Paul E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Okun, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vadim.okun@nist.gov; will.guthrie@nist.gov; romain.gaucher@nist.gov; paul.black@nist.gov NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-59593-885-5 PY 2007 BP 1 EP 5 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BJV43 UT WOS:000267259300001 ER PT S AU Mink, A AF Mink, Alan BE Arakawa, Y Sasaki, M Sotobayashi, H TI Custom hardware, to eliminate bottlenecks in QKD throughput performance - art. no. 678014 SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS REALIZED SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications Realized CY SEP 10-12, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE Quantum Key Distribution; reconciliation; privacy amplification; FPGA; printed circuit board ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) high-speed quantum key distribution (QKD) system was designed to include custom hardware to support the generation and management of gigabit data streams. As our photonics improved our software sifting algorithm couldn't keep up with the amount of data generated. To eliminate this problem we implemented the sifting algorithm into our programmable chip (FPGA) hardware, gaining a factor of 50x improvement in the sifting capacity rate. As we increased the distance and speed of our QKD systems, we discovered a number of other performance bottlenecks in our custom hardware. We discuss those bottlenecks along with a new custom hardware design that will alleviate them, resulting in an order of magnitude increase in capacity of secret key generation rate. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mink, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6940-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6780 BP 78014 EP 78014 DI 10.1117/12.733136 PG 6 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGZ48 UT WOS:000251541000020 ER PT S AU Bienfang, JC Restelli, A Rogers, D Mink, A Hershman, BJ Nakassis, A Tang, X Ma, L Xu, H Su, DH Clark, CW Williams, CJ AF Bienfang, J. C. Restelli, A. Rogers, D. Mink, A. Hershman, B. J. Nakassis, A. Tang, X. Ma, L. Xu, H. Su, D. H. Clark, Charles W. Williams, Carl J. BE Arakawa, Y Sasaki, M Sotobayashi, H TI High-repetition rate quantum key distribution - art. no. 67800C SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS REALIZED SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications Realized CY SEP 10-12, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE single-photon detection; quantum key distribution; avalanche photodiode ID GHZ AB The desire for quantum-generated cryptographic key for broadband encryption services has motivated the development of high-transmission-rate single-photon quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. The maximum operational transmission rate of a QKD system is ultimately limited by the timing resolution of the single-photon detectors and recent advances have enabled the demonstration of QKD systems operating at transmission rates well in to the GHz regime. We have demonstrated quantum generated one-time-pad encryption of a streaming video signal with high transmission rate QKD systems in both free-space and fiber. We present an overview of our high-speed QKD architecture that allows continuous operation of the QKD link, including error correction and privacy amplification, and increases the key-production rate by maximizing the transmission rate and minimizing the temporal gating on the single-photon channel. We also address count-rate concerns that arise at transmission rates that are orders of magnitude higher than the maximum count rate of the single-photon detectors. C1 [Bienfang, J. C.; Restelli, A.; Rogers, D.; Mink, A.; Hershman, B. J.; Nakassis, A.; Tang, X.; Ma, L.; Xu, H.; Su, D. H.; Clark, Charles W.; Williams, Carl J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bienfang, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009; Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010 OI Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171; Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6940-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6780 BP C7800 EP C7800 DI 10.1117/12.734443 PG 6 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGZ48 UT WOS:000251541000006 ER PT S AU Eisaman, MD Polyakov, S Hohensee, M Fan, JY Hemmer, P Migdall, A AF Eisaman, Matthew D. Polyakov, Sergey Hohensee, Michael Fan, Jingyun Hemmer, Philip Migdall, Alan BE Arakawa, Y Sasaki, M Sotobayashi, H TI Optimizing the storage and retrieval efficiency of a solid-state quantum memory through tailored state preparation - art. no. 67800K SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS REALIZED SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications Realized CY SEP 10-12, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE quantum memory; quantum repeater; rare-earth ion-doped crystal ID PULSES; LIGHT AB We theoretically investigate the feasibility of using spectral hole burning in Pr3+:Y2SiO5 to prepare an ensemble of Pr3+ ions with a spectral. distribution optimized for use as a quantum memory for single-photon states. We introduce figures of merit for the spectral distribution of the Pr3+ ions when used as a quantum-memory node in a Duan-Lukin-Cirac-Zoller-type quantum-repeater scheme. Finally, we describe progress toward optimizing the hole-burning sequence by using a computational model of the hole-burning process to calculate these figures of merit over a wide range of parameters. C1 [Eisaman, Matthew D.; Polyakov, Sergey; Fan, Jingyun; Migdall, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eisaman, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Eisaman, Matthew/E-8006-2011 OI Eisaman, Matthew/0000-0002-3814-6430 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6940-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6780 BP K7800 EP K7800 DI 10.1117/12.733951 PG 12 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGZ48 UT WOS:000251541000010 ER PT S AU Fan, JY Eisaman, MD Migdall, A AF Fan, Jingyun Eisaman, Matthew D. Migdall, Alan BE Arakawa, Y Sasaki, M Sotobayashi, H TI An optical fiber-based source of polarization-entangled photon pairs - art. no. 67800Q SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS REALIZED SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications Realized CY SEP 10-12, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE four-wave mixing; Sagnac interferometer; quantum tomography AB We describe the preparation of a high spectral brightness, broad wavelength coverage, single-spatial mode source of polarization-entangled photon pairs operated at room temperature. The source takes advantage of single-mode fiber optics, highly nonlinear microstructure fiber, judicious phase-matching, and the inherent stability provided by a Sagnac interferometer. With a modest average pump power (300 mu W), we create all four Bell states with a detected two-photon coincidence rate of 7 kHz per bandwidth of 0.9 nm, in a spectral range of more than 20 nm. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fan, JY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Eisaman, Matthew/E-8006-2011 OI Eisaman, Matthew/0000-0002-3814-6430 NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6940-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6780 BP Q7800 EP Q7800 DI 10.1117/12.734591 PG 8 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGZ48 UT WOS:000251541000013 ER PT S AU Xu, H Ma, LJ Slattery, O Tang, X AF Xu, Hai Ma, Lijun Slattery, Oliver Tang, Xiao BE Arakawa, Y Sasaki, M Sotobayashi, H TI Low-noise PPLN-based single-photon detector - art. no. 67800U SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS REALIZED SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications Realized CY SEP 10-12, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP SPIE DE single-photon detector; photon counting; quantum detectors; up-conversion; quantum key distribution; quantum communication; optical communication ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION AB This paper describes the detection of single photons, which have been transmitted through standard fiber at the telecorn wavelength of 1310 nm. Following transmission, the 1310-nm photon is up-converted to 710 nm in a periodical-poled LiNbO3 (PPLN) waveguide and then detected by a silicon-based avalanche photodiode (Si-APD). The overall detection efficiency of the detector is 20%. We have also characterized the sensitivity of the PPLN's efficiency to temperature and wavelength changes. We focused on the noise property of the up-conversion detector. Without classical channel co-propagation, the dark count rate is 2.2 kHz, which is lower than current up-conversion detectors by more than one order of magnitude. The up-conversion detector is then applied to a QKD system, which is characterized and is shown to have a very strong performance. C1 [Xu, Hai; Ma, Lijun; Slattery, Oliver; Tang, Xiao] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6940-3 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6780 BP U7800 EP U7800 DI 10.1117/12.734345 PG 8 WC Optics; Telecommunications SC Optics; Telecommunications GA BGZ48 UT WOS:000251541000015 ER PT S AU Bryant, GW Diaz, JG Zielinski, M Jaskoski, W AF Bryant, Garnett W. Diaz, J. G. Zielinski, M. Jaskoski, W. BE Eyink, KG Huffaker, DL Szmuloqicz, F TI Controlling the optical properties of quantum dots and nanocrystals using size, composition and strain - art. no. 648102 SO Quantum Dots, Particles, and Nanoclusters IV SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Dots, Particles, and Nanoclusters IV CY JAN 22-23, 2007 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE nanocrystals; quantum dots; electronic structure; quantum confinement; pressure; photoluminescence ID INP; SEMICONDUCTORS; CONFINEMENT AB We exploit atomistic tight-binding theory to describe the effects of dot size, composition, internal strain and applied strain on the confined states in nanocrystals and quantum dots. Both types of strain are critical, so we include the local strain and the externally imposed strain on an equal footing via an atomistic valence force field approach. A tight-binding model including an sp(3)s*d(5) orbital model and spin-orbit effects is used. Several examples are discussed, including GaAs nanocrystals, InP nanocrystals under pressure, and core-shell nanocrystals, to highlight the importance of using atomistic models, extending tight-binding models to include d states, and having both internal and applied strain. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bryant, GW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/D-1318-2014 OI Jaskolski, Wlodzimierz/0000-0003-4814-1876 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6594-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6481 BP 48102 EP 48102 AR 648102 DI 10.1117/12.697327 PG 11 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics GA BGF09 UT WOS:000246394600001 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Nai, K Wei, L AF Xu, Qin Nai, Kang Wei, Li TI An innovation method for estimating radar radial-velocity observation error and background wind error covariances SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE error covariance estimation; radar radial velocity; background wind ID MIGRATING BIRDS; PART II; DOPPLER; HEIGHT AB By using the non-isotropic form of error covariance function derived for radial-velocity fields on conical surfaces of low-elevation radar scans, the conventional innovation method is reformulated to estimate Doppler radar radial velocity observation error covariance and background vector wind error covariance from time series of radar radial-velocity innovation (observation minus independent background) fields. The method is applied to radar radial-velocity innovation data obtained at the lowest elevation of radar scans for a real case. The results show that radar radial-velocity observation errors are correlated between neighbouring range gates and between neighbouring beams. The radial-velocity observation error correlation functions are estimated, along with the observation error variance and background vector wind error covariance functions, by the reformulated method. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA, Norman, OK 73072 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM Qin.Xu@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 2 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0035-9009 J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 623 BP 407 EP 415 DI 10.1002/qj.21 PN B PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160BL UT WOS:000245911700010 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Rancic, M AF Zhang, Hai Rancic, Miodrag TI A global Eta model on quasi-uniform grids SO QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE cubic grid; octagonal grid; general curvilinear system ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; STEP-MOUNTAIN COORDINATE; CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; EXPANDED SPHERICAL CUBE; DIFFERENTIAL-EQUATIONS; VARIABLE-RESOLUTION; ADVECTION SCHEMES; DYNAMICAL CORES; PARAMETERIZATION; PREDICTION AB The application of quasi-uniform grids in global models of the atmosphere is an attempt to increase the computational efficiency by a more cost-effective exploitation of the computing infrastructure. This paper describes the development of a global version of NCEP's regional, step-coordinate, Eta model on two quasi-uniform grids: cubic and octagonal. The governing equations are expressed in a general curvilinear form, so that the Cubic and the octagonal versions of the model share the same code in spite of different mapping of the computational domain. The dynamical core of the derived global Eta model is successfully tested in the benchmark test of Held and Suarez. The model with the step-wise formulation of the terrain and full physics is integrated in a series of tests with real data, and the results are compared both with the analysis and the results of the regional Eta model. Copyright (c) 2007 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Rancic, M (reprint author), NWS NCEP, EMC, Room 705,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Miodrag.Rancic@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Hai/A-3445-2011 NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-9009 EI 1477-870X J9 Q J ROY METEOR SOC JI Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 133 IS 623 BP 517 EP 528 DI 10.1002/qj.17 PN B PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 160BL UT WOS:000245911700018 ER PT J AU Pomeroy, JM Grube, H Perrella, AC AF Pomeroy, J. M. Grube, H. Perrella, A. C. TI Spatial and electronic characterization of nano-features created by highly charged ions SO RADIATION EFFECTS AND DEFECTS IN SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st International Meeting on Recent Developments in the Study of Radiation Effects in Matter CY DEC 05-08, 2006 CL Playa del Carmen, MEXICO DE highly charged ions; electron beam ion trap; hillock; STM; magnetic tunnel junction ID SURFACES; INSULATORS; IMPACT; AFM AB Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images of highly charged ion ( HCI) synthesized nano-features formed on the Au(111) surface are presented as well as transport studies of HCI modified magnetic tunnel junctions ( MTJs). HCIs can carry a significant amount of neutralization energy (51 keV per ion for Xe44+, used in most of the results presented) in addition to their kinetic energy. This potential energy amplifies the violence of the HCI's interaction with the surface by generating massive secondary electron and sputtered atom yields and can displace thousands of substrate atoms. This paper presents STM images of surface features observed on the Au(111) surface with emphasis on the characteristics of the physical structure and formation mechanisms. In separate experiments, the HCIs are used to ablate small portions of the oxide barrier in MTJs to allow nano-scale metal shunts to be created through the barrier. Electronic measurements of HCI irradiated MTJs demonstrate that the MTJ total conductance increases linearly with the HCI dose for thin barriers and quadratically for thicker barriers. Initial results from a second generation of MTJs demonstrate that magnetoresistance is diminished but not destroyed when HCIs are used to modify MTJ barrier layer. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD USA. RP Pomeroy, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.pomeroy@nist.gov NR 13 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1042-0150 J9 RADIAT EFF DEFECT S JI Radiat. Eff. Defects Solids PY 2007 VL 162 IS 7-8 BP 473 EP 481 DI 10.1080/10420150701470829 PG 9 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 202YL UT WOS:000248940800003 ER PT J AU Soares, CG AF Soares, C. G. TI History of personal dosimetry performance testing in the United States SO RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT European Workshop on Individual Monitoring of Ionising Radiation (IM2005) CY APR 11-15, 2005 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Austrian Res Ctr, European Radiat Dosimetry Grp, THERMO Fischer, GmbH Austria & Toshiba Europe Div Personal Comp AB The basis for personal dosimetry performance testing in the United States is ANSI/HPS N13.11 (2001). Now in its third edition, this standard has been in place since 1983. Testing under this standard is administered by the National Voluntary Accreditation Program (NVLAP), and accreditation of dosimetry processors under this program is required by US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) regulations. The US Department of Energy (DOE) also maintains a testing program for its laboratories and contractors, administered by the Department of Energy Laboratory Accreditation Program (DOELAP). A focus in recent years has been the modification of ANSI/HPS N13.11 to allow acceptance by both testing programs in order to bring harmonisation to US personal dosemeter processing testing. Since there is no type testing program in the US for personal dosemeters, the testing philosophy of ANSI N13.11 has always combined elements of type testing and routine performance testing. This philosophy is explored in detail in this presentation, along with trends in the development of the document to its present state. In addition, a look will be taken at what the future holds for the next revision of the document, scheduled to begin in 2005. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Soares, CG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM csoares@nist.gov NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0144-8420 J9 RADIAT PROT DOSIM JI Radiat. Prot. Dosim. PY 2007 VL 125 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 9 EP 14 DI 10.1093/rpd/nc1541 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 258CX UT WOS:000252847100003 PM 17287202 ER PT J AU Westley, MB Popp, BN Rust, TM AF Westley, Marian B. Popp, Brian N. Rust, Terri M. TI The calibration of the intramolecular nitrogen isotope distribution in nitrous oxide measured by isotope ratio mass spectrometry SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID AMMONIUM-NITRATE; N2O ISOTOPOMERS; ATMOSPHERIC N2O; SITE PREFERENCE; DECOMPOSITION; NITRIFICATION; FRACTIONATION; CONSTRAINTS; ENRICHMENT; CHEMISTRY AB Two alternative approaches for the calibration of the intramolecular nitrogen isotope distribution in nitrous oxide using isotope ratio mass spectrometry have yielded a difference in the N-15 site preference (defined as the difference between the delta N-15 of the central and end position nitrogen in NNO) of tropospheric N2O of almost 30 parts per thousand. One approach is based on adding small amounts of labeled (N2O)-N-15 to the N2O reference gas and tracking the subsequent changes in m/z 30, 31, 44, 45 and 46, and this yields a N-15 site preference of 46.3 +/- 1.4 parts per thousand for tropospheric N2O. The other involves the synthesis of N2O by thermal decomposition of isotopically characterized ammonium nitrate and yields a N-15 site preference of 18.7 +/- 2.2 parts per thousand for tropospheric N2O. Both approaches neglect to fully account for isotope effects associated with the formation of NO+ fragment ions from the different isotopic species of N2O in the ion source of a mass spectrometer. These effects vary with conditions in the ion source and make it impossible to reproduce a calibration based on the addition of isotopically enriched N2O on mass spectrometers with different ion source configurations. These effects have a much smaller impact on the comparison of a laboratory reference gas with N2O synthesized from isotopically characterized ammonium nitrate. This second approach was successfully replicated and leads us to advocate the acceptance of the site preference value 18.7 +/- 2.2 parts per thousand for tropospheric N2O as the provisional community standard until further independent calibrations are developed and validated. We present a technique for evaluating the isotope effects associated with fragment ion formation and revised equations for converting ion signal ratios into isotopomer ratios. Published in 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Westley, MB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM marian.westley@noaa.gov OI Popp, Brian/0000-0001-7021-5478 NR 44 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 23 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0951-4198 EI 1097-0231 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 BP 391 EP 405 DI 10.1002/rcm.2828 PG 15 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 135WS UT WOS:000244185200016 PM 17216596 ER PT S AU Lyczkowski-Shultz, J Hanisko, DS AF Lyczkowski-Shultz, Joanne Hanisko, David S. BE Patterson, WF Cowan, JH Fitzhugh, GR Nieland, DL TI A time series of observations on red snapper larvae from SEAMAP surveys, 1982-2003: Seasonal occurrence, distribution, abundance, and size SO RED SNAPPER ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES IN THE U.S. GULF OF MEXICO SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fisheries Ecology of Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper CY FEB 10-12, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Sea Grant Louisiana, NOAA, Univ West Florida, Univ S Alabama, Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; GROWTH; MORTALITY; HABITAT; INDEXES; FISHES AB Eleven taxa of snappers were found among the 20,301 snapper larvae examined from over 14,000 bongo and neuston samples collected during SEAMAP surveys, 1982 to 2003. During that time series, a total of 639 red snapper Lutjanus campechanus larvae were identified in bongo samples and 1053 larvae in neuston samples. Red snapper larvae first appeared in May and were present as late as November. Months of highest occurrence and abundance were July and September when larvae were taken in 12.7% and 11.0% of bongo samples, and in 7.6% and 8.4% of neuston samples. Mean abundance in those months was 1.18 and 0.82 larvae under 10 m(2) of sea surface for bongo samples and 0.36 larvae per 10 min for neuston samples. By November, percent occurrence was less than or equal to 0.2% and mean abundance was less than 0.01 larvae in samples from either gear. Larvae identifiable as red snapper ranged in body length from 2.4 to 19.2 mm (mean = 5.12, median 4.60) in bongo net samples; and 2.7-24.0 mm (mean = 4.37, median = 4.00) in neuston net samples. Over 95% of larvae in bongo samples were less than or equal to 8.3 mm and in neuston samples were less than or equal to 5.6 mm. Larvae were captured throughout the survey area but were consistently observed in greatest abundance at stations on the mid-continental shelf west of the Mississippi River, especially off western Louisiana and central Texas. This time series of observations is the data set from which annual estimates of larval red snapper abundance were derived for use as a fishery independent index of adult stock size. C1 [Lyczkowski-Shultz, Joanne; Hanisko, David S.] Mississippi Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi State, MS 39567 USA. RP Lyczkowski-Shultz, J (reprint author), Mississippi Labs, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3209 Frederic St, Mississippi State, MS 39567 USA. EM joanne.lyczkowski-shultz@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-97-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2007 VL 60 BP 3 EP 23 PG 21 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BHI05 UT WOS:000253386500002 ER PT S AU Strelcheck, AJ Cowan, JH Patterson, WF AF Strelcheck, Andrew J. Cowan, James H., Jr. Patterson, William F., III BE Patterson, WF Cowan, JH Fitzhugh, GR Nieland, DL TI Site fidelity, movement, and growth of red snapper: Implications for artificial reef management SO RED SNAPPER ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES IN THE U.S. GULF OF MEXICO SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fisheries Ecology of Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper CY FEB 10-12, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Sea Grant Louisiana, NOAA, Univ West Florida, Univ S Alabama, Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; FISH ASSEMBLAGES; AREA; DISPERSION; RESIDENCE; SIZE; PREY; AGE AB Red snapper, Lutjanus campechanus, (n = 4,317) were captured and tagged at 14 experimental artificial reefs of two designs during quarterly research cruises (n = 17) off coastal Alabama between January 1999 and October 2002. Six-hundred and twenty nine recaptures were reported, representing 578 tagged red snapper. Sixty-five percent of recaptures (n = 412) were made at the site of release on subsequent research cruises, while 217 recaptures were reported by fishers. Eighty-six percent of individuals with known recapture locations moved 2 km or less from the site of release; mean and maximum distances moved were 2.1 km and 201 km, respectively. Nine red snapper moved greater than 80 km. Mean dispersion rate from release sites was 8.6 m d(-1). Annual site fidelity of tagged fish was estimated using nonlinear decay models. Estimated annual site fidelity ranged from 48% to 52% year(-1) and was not significantly affected by artificial reef design, reef fish biomass at the site of release, or artificial reef densities surrounding each tagging site. Growth rates were estimated by regressing the change in red snapper total length versus the days a fish was at liberty. Mean growth rate for all recaptured fish was 0.206 mm d(-1). Growth rates were significantly affected by reef size (faster at larger experimental reefs) and reef fish biomass (slower at tagging sites supporting low reef fish biomass), but were not affected by artificial reef density. Moderate site fidelity and low dispersion rates during our study provide support for the hypothesis that artificial reefs off Alabama are suitable habitat for adult red snapper. However, characteristics of artificial reefs, such as reef size and standing stock biomass, may affect red snapper growth. Furthermore, ratios of instantaneous growth in weight to total mortality (G/Z) suggest artificial reefs off Alabama serve as net sinks (i.e., G/Z < 1) of red snapper biomass under current fishing mortality rates. C1 [Strelcheck, Andrew J.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Strelcheck, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, 263 13th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-97-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 60 BP 147 EP 162 PG 16 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BHI05 UT WOS:000253386500010 ER PT S AU Porch, CE Fitzhugh, GR Duncan, MS Collins, LA Jackson, MW AF Porch, Clay E. Fitzhugh, Gary R. Duncan, Michelle S. Collins, L. A. Jackson, Melissa W. BE Patterson, WF Cowan, JH Fitzhugh, GR Nieland, DL TI Modeling the dependence of batch fecundity on size and age for use in stock assessments of red snapper in US Gulf of Mexico waters SO RED SNAPPER ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES IN THE U.S. GULF OF MEXICO SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fisheries Ecology of Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper CY FEB 10-12, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Sea Grant Louisiana, NOAA, Univ West Florida, Univ S Alabama, Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst ID GROWTH; MORTALITY; SENESCENCE; COAST AB The red snapper Lutjanus campechanus exhibits rapid growth early in life, yet is a relatively long-lived species with an indeterminate spawning pattern. Batch fecundity (BF), a principal determinant of the reproductive potential of indeterminate spawners, appears to increase geometrically with length and asymptotically with age based upon combined data from National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and Marine Fisheries Initiative (MARFIN) reproductive sampling programs. As the life history pattern sets up a potential disconnection between size and age, we modeled their interaction as explanatory variables of BF. Visual analysis suggests a dome-shaped relationship between BF and age within a given size-class. To test this, a general log-linear model and a new "standardized-age" model (where the effect of age depends explicitly on the size of the fish) were fitted to data. These analyses suggest that the effect of age, while statistically significant, was relatively small (the models with age and length terms explaining only slightly more of the variation in BF than a simple power function of length). The age effect seems to be most pronounced for fish that are exceptionally small or exceptionally large given their age, which constitute a small fraction of the sample and presumably also a small fraction of the population at large. Hence, it seems unlikely that including this interaction would have any important ramifications for stock assessments of red snapper. Nevertheless, the effect of age on BF remains open to the degree that old fish (i.e., greater than age 13) were rare in the combined data set and tended to exhibit lower BF values than predicted. Age effects of other reproductive determinants remain to be evaluated but we found hydrated females to be of greater size-at-age than nonhydrated red snapper suggesting an age-length interaction on batch frequency. C1 [Porch, Clay E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sustainable Fisheries Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Porch, CE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sustainable Fisheries Div, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM clay.porch@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-97-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2007 VL 60 BP 229 EP 243 PG 15 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BHI05 UT WOS:000253386500015 ER PT S AU Hood, PB Strelcheck, AJ Steele, P AF Hood, Peter B. Strelcheck, Andrew J. Steele, Phil BE Patterson, WF Cowan, JH Fitzhugh, GR Nieland, DL TI A history of red snapper management in the Gulf of Mexico SO RED SNAPPER ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES IN THE U.S. GULF OF MEXICO SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fisheries Ecology of Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper CY FEB 10-12, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Sea Grant Louisiana, NOAA, Univ West Florida, Univ S Alabama, Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst AB The red snapper Lutjanus campechanus fishery has been in existence in the Gulf of Mexico since the mid-1800s. However, management of this species did not begin until more than a century afterward. Federal management of the fisheries in the Gulf of Mexico began in 1976 with the passage of the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Act and the establishment of the Gulf of Mexico Fishery Management Council (Council). One of the first fishery management plans (IMP) developed by the Council was the Reef Fish IMP. This IMP was implemented in November 1984 and established the first red snapper size and bag limits. In 1988, the stock was determined to be overfished. Since then, the fishery has been managed to stay within total allowable catch levels in order to rebuild the stock. Management methods have included size limits, bag limits, season closures, trip limits, and license limitation programs. The success of these methods has been limited in part due to high levels of juvenile red snapper mortality associated with shrimp trawling, high rates of discard mortality from the directed fishery, and socioeconomic requirements of the directed fisheries to maintain some minimal level of harvest. C1 [Hood, Peter B.; Strelcheck, Andrew J.; Steele, Phil] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Hood, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, 263 13th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 35 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-97-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 60 BP 267 EP 284 PG 18 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BHI05 UT WOS:000253386500018 ER PT S AU Hanisko, DS Lyczkowski-Shultz, J Ingram, GW AF Hanisko, David S. Lyczkowski-Shultz, Joanne Ingram, G. Walter BE Patterson, WF Cowan, JH Fitzhugh, GR Nieland, DL TI Indices of larval red snapper occurrence and abundance for use in stock assessment SO RED SNAPPER ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES IN THE U.S. GULF OF MEXICO SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fisheries Ecology of Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper CY FEB 10-12, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Sea Grant Louisiana, NOAA, Univ West Florida, Univ S Alabama, Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; GAS PLATFORMS; BIOMASS; GROWTH; OIL AB Red snapper Lutjanus campechanus larval occurrence and abundance during Southeast Area Monitoring and Assessment Program (SEAMAP) Summer Shrimp/Bottomfish (1982-2003) and Fall Plankton (1986-2003) surveys were examined to identify the time series of ichthyoplankton data that might best reflect trends in the red snapper spawning population in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico (GOM). Since bongo nets were more effective than neuston nets at capturing red snapper larvae only catches from bongo nets were used to estimate annual occurrence and abundance, i.e. the SEAMAP larval red snapper index. The summer survey was conducted during the peak of red snapper spawning in June and July, but limited and inconsistent coverage during this survey did not permit development of a reliable Gulfwide (U.S. continental shelf) index of larval abundance. In contrast, the fall survey conducted near the end of the spawning season in September yielded a 16 year time series over which to examine trends in red snapper abundance throughout the GOM. Although occurrence and abundance of red snapper larvae were lower during September than in June and July, estimates from both summer and fall surveys showed the same inter-annual patterns and Were highly correlated. Larvae were eight times more abundant and occurred in five times as many samples in the western than in the eastern GOM. Separate standardized indices of relative abundance were generated for the western and eastern GOM. The standardization procedure accounted for the effects of year, time of day, depth and subregion in the western GOM, but only for subregion in the eastern GOM. Larval indices of red snapper abundance suggest an increased spawning stock in both the western and eastern GOM after 1995. C1 [Hanisko, David S.; Lyczkowski-Shultz, Joanne; Ingram, G. Walter] Mississippi Labs, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi State, MS 39567 USA. RP Hanisko, DS (reprint author), Mississippi Labs, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 3209 Frederic St, Mississippi State, MS 39567 USA. EM david.s.hanisko@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-97-1 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2007 VL 60 BP 285 EP 300 PG 16 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BHI05 UT WOS:000253386500019 ER PT S AU Allman, RJ Fitzhugh, GR AF Allman, Robert J. Fitzhugh, Gary R. BE Patterson, WF Cowan, JH Fitzhugh, GR Nieland, DL TI Temporal age Progressions and relative year-class strength of gulf of Mexico red snapper SO RED SNAPPER ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES IN THE U.S. GULF OF MEXICO SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fisheries Ecology of Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper CY FEB 10-12, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Sea Grant Louisiana, NOAA, Univ West Florida, Univ S Alabama, Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst ID NORTHEAST ARCTIC COD; CORAL-REEF FISH; LUTJANUS-CAMPECHANUS; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; GROWTH; RECRUITMENT; PRECISION; POPULATION; AUSTRALIA; SABLEFISH AB Red snapper Lutjanus campechanus sagittal otoliths were sampled from U.S. Gulf of Mexico commercial vertical hook and line, longline and recreational landings over a twelve year period (1991-2002). Our objectives were to examine the empirical age structure of red snapper through space and time, to gauge the relative year-class strength over time, and to compare the impact of strong year-classes upon annual age structure by fishing sector. The recreational fishery selected the youngest fish with a mode at 3 years and a mean age of 3.2 years. The commercial vertical hook and line fishery selected for slightly older fish with a mode of 3 years and a mean age of 4.1 years. The commercial longline fishery selected the oldest individuals with fish first fully recruited to the fishery by age 5 and, a mean age of 7.8 years. Only the commercial longline fishery age distributions were significantly different between the eastern and western Gulf of Mexico. Based on age progressions, strong 1989 and 1995 year-classes were dominant in the landings of the recreational and commercial vertical hook and line fisheries and the 1995 year-class was dominant in the commercial longline landings. A relative year-class index further highlighted these results, and we noted a significant correlation in year-class strength between recreational and commercial vertical hook and line sectors. The year-class index for combined sectors was also significantly correlated between eastern and western Gulf of Mexico with 1989 and 1995 year-classes similarly dominating both regions. An empirical age progression year-class index could be valuable in correlation with early life abundance indices of red snapper and serve to provide inference about the relative error of recruitment data. C1 [Allman, Robert J.; Fitzhugh, Gary R.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. RP Allman, RJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-97-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 60 BP 311 EP 328 PG 18 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BHI05 UT WOS:000253386500021 ER PT S AU Porch, CE AF Porch, Clay E. BE Patterson, WF Cowan, JH Fitzhugh, GR Nieland, DL TI An assessment of the red snapper fishery in the US Gulf of Mexico using a spatially-explicit age-structured model SO RED SNAPPER ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES IN THE U.S. GULF OF MEXICO SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fisheries Ecology of Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper CY FEB 10-12, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Sea Grant Louisiana, NOAA, Univ West Florida, Univ S Alabama, Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst ID NORTHERN GULF AB Red snapper Lutjanus campechanus have been fished in the Gulf of Mexico since before the Civil War. The size and efficiency of the commercial fleet increased greatly during the 1960s, but without a corresponding increase in catch, suggesting that red snapper populations throughout the Gulf of Mexico were by that time fully-exploited and perhaps even overfished. Nevertheless, most assessments of red snapper in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico have been based on data collected since the 1980s owing to a combination of gaps in the catch data and limitations of the models employed. The lack of contrast in the more recent data makes it difficult to develop meaningful estimates of stock status, particularly in relation to abundance-based reference points such as the equilibrium spawning biomass at maximum sustainable yield. This paper presents a flexible age-structured model that includes information dating back to the inception of the fishery. The results suggest that the populations of red snapper in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico are well below the levels corresponding to a spawning potential ratio of 30%. They also suggest the stock will not to recover to that level in the foreseeable future without substantial reductions in both the catch of adults by the directed fleets and the bycatch of juveniles by the offshore shrimp fishery. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sustainable Fisheries Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Porch, CE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Sustainable Fisheries Div, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-97-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 60 BP 355 EP 384 PG 30 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BHI05 UT WOS:000253386500024 ER PT S AU Strelcheck, AJ Hood, PB AF Strelcheck, Andrew J. Hood, Peter B. BE Patterson, WF Cowan, JH Fitzhugh, GR Nieland, DL TI Rebuilding red snapper: Recent management activities and future management challenges SO RED SNAPPER ECOLOGY AND FISHERIES IN THE U.S. GULF OF MEXICO SE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fisheries Ecology of Gulf of Mexico Red Snapper CY FEB 10-12, 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Sea Grant Louisiana, NOAA, Univ West Florida, Univ S Alabama, Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst AB The Gulf of Mexico red snapper Lutjanus campechanus population was first declared overfished in the late 1980s. Subsequent stock assessments have concluded the population remains overfished and is undergoing overfishing. The first rebuilding plan for red snapper was established in 1989, setting a target of rebuilding the red snapper population by 2000. Changes in scientific advice and new information on red snapper biology resulted in several revisions to this plan. The most recent revision was approved in 2004 and set a goal of rebuilding red snapper to maximum sustainable yield by 2032. Despite the recent implementation of this plan, a 2005 red snapper population assessment indicates additional management restrictions are necessary for this plan to be successful. Managers are now confronted with several challenges to successfully recover red snapper, including addressing bycatch in the shrimp fishery and reducing discard and fishing mortality in the directed fishery. Social and economic considerations, competing conservation mandates, regulatory consistency, scientific uncertainty, political intentions, and the length of time allowed for recovery further complicate management and stock rebuilding. Managers will need to continue to focus on short-term directions and periodically adjust management strategies to ensure adequate rebuilding progress is made. This will allow managers to incorporate new information and unanticipated developments when making adjustments to red snapper and shrimp regulations, should either insufficient progress or unexpected events occur. C1 [Strelcheck, Andrew J.; Hood, Peter B.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Strelcheck, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Reg Off, 263 13th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-888569-97-1 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2007 VL 60 BP 385 EP 396 PG 12 WC Ecology; Fisheries SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Fisheries GA BHI05 UT WOS:000253386500025 ER PT S AU Yu, YY Tarpley, D Raja, MKRV Xu, H Privette, JL AF Yu, Yunyue Tarpley, Dan Raja, M. K. Rama Varma Xu, Hui Privette, Jeffrey L. BE Ehlers, M Michel, U TI Algorithm development for land surface temperature measurement from GOES-R satellite - art. no. 674919 SO REMOTE SENSING FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, GIS APPLICATIONS, AND GEOLOGY VII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Remote Sensing for Environmental Monitoring, GIS Applications, and Geol VIIl CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY SP SPIE, European Opt Soc, NASA, Soc Italiana Ott & Foton DE land surface temperature; GOES-R; remote sensing ID SPLIT-WINDOW TECHNIQUE; DIURNAL CYCLE; EMISSIVITY; SPACE; AVHRR AB The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) program is developing a new generation sensor, the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), to be carried on the GOES-R satellite to be lunched in approximately in 2014. Compared to the current GOES imager, ABI will have significant advantages for measuring land surface temperature as well as to providing qualitative and quantitative data for a wide range of applications. Specifically, spatial resolution of the ABI sensor is 2 km, and the infrared window noise equivalent temperature is 0.1 K, which are very close to the polar-orbiting satellite sensors such as AVHRR. Most importantly, ABI observes the full disk every five minutes, which not only provides more cloud-free measurements but also makes daily temperature variation analysis possible. In this study we developed split window algorithms for the LST measurement from the ABI sensor. We generated the ABI sensor data using MODTRAN radiative transfer model and NOAA88 atmospheric profiles and ran regression analyses for the LST algorithm development. The algorithms are developed by optimizing existing split window LST algorithms and adding a path length correction term to minimize the retrieval errors due to difference atmospheric path absorption from nadir view to the edge-of-scan. The algorithm coefficients are stratified for dry and moist atmospheric conditions, as well as for the daytime and nighttime. The algorithm sensitivity to land surface emissivity uncertainty is analyzed to ensure the algorithm performance. C1 [Yu, Yunyue; Tarpley, Dan] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yu, YY (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010; Xu, Hui/F-5635-2010 OI Xu, Hui/0000-0002-0917-6526 NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6907-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6749 BP 74919 EP 74919 DI 10.1117/12.742245 PG 12 WC Geology; Optics SC Geology; Optics GA BHE64 UT WOS:000252485700030 ER PT S AU Agosti, M Di Nunzio, GM Ferro, N Harman, D Peters, C AF Agosti, Maristella Di Nunzio, Giorgio Maria Ferro, Nicola Harman, Donna Peters, Carol BE Kovacs, L Fuhr, N Meghini, C TI The future of large-scale evaluation campaigns for information retrieval in Europe SO RESEARCH AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY FOR DIGITAL LIBRARIES, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries CY SEP 16-21, 2007 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Hungarian Acad Sci, Comp & Automat Res Inst, MTA SZTAKI, DELOS Network Excellence Digital Lib, Hungarian Tourism Off AB A Workshop on "The Future of Large-scale Evaluation Campaigns" was organised jointly by the University of Padua and the DELOS Network of Excellence and held in Padua, Italy, March 2007. The aim was to perform a critical assessment of the scientific results of such initiatives and to formulate recommendations for the future. This poster summarises the outcome of the discussion with respect to the major European activity in this area: the Cross Language Evaluation Forum. C1 [Agosti, Maristella; Di Nunzio, Giorgio Maria; Ferro, Nicola] Univ Padua, Dept Informat Engn, I-35100 Padua, Italy. [Harman, Donna] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Peters, Carol] ISTI CNR, I-56124 Pisa, Italy. RP Agosti, M (reprint author), Univ Padua, Dept Informat Engn, I-35100 Padua, Italy. EM agosti@dei.unipd.it; dinunzio@dei.unipd.it; ferro@dei.unipd.it; donna.harman@nist.gov; carol.peters@isti.cnr.it OI Di Nunzio, Giorgio Maria/0000-0001-9709-6392; Agosti, Maristella/0000-0002-4030-0978; Ferro, Nicola/0000-0001-9219-6239 FU DELOS Network of Excellence on Digital Libraries, in the Information Society Technologies (IST) Program of the European Commission [G038-507618] FX The work reported in this paper has been partially supported by the DELOS Network of Excellence on Digital Libraries, in the Information Society Technologies (IST) Program of the European Commission (Contract G038-507618). NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74850-2 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2007 VL 4675 BP 509 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Information Science & Library Science GA BGQ98 UT WOS:000249888000054 ER PT J AU Plummer, ML AF Plummer, Mark L. BE Zerbe, RO TI WELCOME TO THE DATA-POOR REAL WORLD: INCORPORATING BENEFIT-COST PRINCIPLES INTO ENVIRONMENTAL POLICYMAKING SO RESEARCH IN LAW AND ECONOMICS, VOL 23 SE Research in Law and Economics LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RIVER AB Elegant multi-market models and intricate discounting methods are difficult, at times impossible to utilize in the real world because the necessary data just are not available. While there is no perfect substitute for adequate data, there are good ones that are capable of improving policy decisions. This paper describes one such substitute by way of an example: the designation of critical habitat under the Endangered Species Act for West Coast salmon and steelhead. The example shows how a cost-effectiveness approach can mitigate (to some extent) the effects of poor data on the monetary benefits of regulatory actions. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Plummer, ML (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY, W YORKSHIRE BD16 1WA, ENGLAND BN 978-0-7623-1363-1 J9 RES LAW ECON PY 2007 VL 23 BP 103 EP 130 DI 10.1016/S0193-5895(07)23005-2 PG 28 WC Economics; Law SC Business & Economics; Government & Law GA BLQ68 UT WOS:000270815300006 ER PT J AU Moser, ML Butzerin, JM Dey, DB AF Moser, Mary L. Butzerin, JoAnne M. Dey, Douglas B. TI Capture and collection of lampreys: the state of the science SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article DE lampetra; petromyzontiformes; gear; sampling; handling; anesthetic ID PETROMYZON-MARINUS LARVAE; AMERICAN BROOK LAMPREY; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; RUN SEA LAMPREYS; PACIFIC LAMPREY; LAMPETRA-TRIDENTATA; GREAT-LAKES; HABITAT SELECTION; ICHTHYOMYZON-UNICUSPIS; LETHENTERON-REISSNERI AB The need for native lamprey conservation, improved lamprey fishery management, and better assessment of non-indigenous lamprey control measures has resulted in increased effort to survey lamprey populations and assess their status. Depending on the study objectives and target species/life stage, collection methods vary dramatically. We therefore provide a comprehensive review of sampling considerations and techniques used to capture, collect, handle, and enumerate both juvenile and adult lamprey life stages. Surveys for lamprey are often constrained by the lack of basic biological information, such as reliable characters for field identification of larvae (ammocoetes), migratory timing of anadromous forms, and spawning/nest building behavior of adults. However, there are a number of studies that have documented habitat preferences of the relatively sedentary ammocoetes. Consequently, existing sampling protocols have focused on the development of stratified sampling that targets optimal ammocoete habitat. In addition to this approach, we discuss methods and gear that can be used to survey migratory life stages, lamprey nests, and difficult-to-sample, deepwater ammocoete habitats. C1 NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Moser, ML (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM mary.moser@noaa.gov NR 95 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 EI 1573-5184 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PY 2007 VL 17 IS 1 BP 45 EP 56 DI 10.1007/s11160-006-9037-3 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 142ZP UT WOS:000244690100005 ER PT J AU Rooker, JR Bremer, JRA Block, BA Dewar, H De Metrio, G Corriero, A Kraus, RT Prince, ED Rodriguez-Marin, E Secor, DH AF Rooker, Jay R. Bremer, Jaime R. Alvarado Block, Barbara A. Dewar, Heidi De Metrio, Gregorio Corriero, Aldo Kraus, Richard T. Prince, Eric D. Rodriguez-Marin, Enrique Secor, David H. TI Life history and stock structure of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Atlantic bluefin tuna; migration; reproduction; growth; mortality; feeding; stock structure; management; archival tags; genetics ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; DAILY INCREMENT FORMATION; LABORATORY-REARED LARVAL; SATELLITE ARCHIVAL TAGS; MEDITERRANEAN SEA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; TETRAZOLIUM OXIDASE; MICROSATELLITE LOCI AB Our understanding of the biology of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) has increased profoundly in the last decade, and the progress is attributed to the development and application of a variety of novel tools. Here we provide a comprehensive examination of available data on the life history and stock structure ofT. thynnus by re-examining current databases and literature and highlighting findings from recent studies using approaches such as archival tags and natural markers (e.g., genetics, otolith chemistry). The present review provides a detailed synthesis on the reproductive biology, feeding ecology, growth, mortality, migration, and stock structure of T. thynnus. In addition to characterizing key life history attributes and discussing stock-specific (east versus west) differences, the implication of trans-Atlantic movement and mixing are addressed. We also identify significant data needs that still exist and must be addressed to promote effective management and rapid recovery of T. thynnus populations. C1 [Rooker, Jay R.; Bremer, Jaime R. Alvarado] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. [Block, Barbara A.] Stanford Univ, Hopkins Marine Stn, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Dewar, Heidi] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [De Metrio, Gregorio; Corriero, Aldo] Univ Bari, Dept Anim Hlth & Well Being, Bari, Italy. [Kraus, Richard T.] George Mason Univ, Environm Sci & Policy Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Prince, Eric D.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL USA. [Rodriguez-Marin, Enrique] Inst Espanol Oceanog, Santander, Spain. [Secor, David H.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Rooker, JR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Marine Biol, 5007 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM rookerj@tamug.edu RI Secor, D/D-4367-2012; Rooker, Jay/M-3197-2013; OI Secor, D/0000-0001-6007-4827; Rooker, Jay/0000-0002-5934-7688; Corriero, Aldo/0000-0001-7068-9438 NR 200 TC 96 Z9 99 U1 9 U2 72 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2007 VL 15 IS 4 BP 265 EP 310 DI 10.1080/10641260701484135 PG 46 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 240PV UT WOS:000251600400001 ER PT B AU Duthinh, D Main, JA Wright, AP Simiu, E AF Duthinh, D. Main, J. A. Wright, A. P. Simiu, E. BE Aven, T Vinnem, JE TI Mean recurrence intervals of failure wind loads SO RISK, RELIABILITY AND SOCIETAL SAFETY, VOLS 1-3: VOL 1: SPECIALISATION TOPICS; VOL 2: THEMATIC TOPICS; VOL 3: APPLICATIONS TOPICS SE Proceedings and Monographs in Engineering, Water and Earth Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT European Safety and Reliability Conference (ESREL 2007) CY JUN 25-27, 2007 CL Univ Stavanger, Stavanger, NORWAY SP Int Res Inst Stavanger, ESRA Norway, Statoil, Proactima/HSE Acad, Safetec, Conocophillips, DNV HO Univ Stavanger ID DATABASE; BUILDINGS AB The Commentary to the ASCE Standard 7-05 states that the nominal mean recurrence interval (MRI) of the wind speed inducing the design strength is about 500 years if the specified load factor is 1.5, as in early versions of ASCE 7, and "somewhat higher than 500 years" if the specified load factor is 1.6, as in ASCE 7-05. However, the Commentary also states, "it is not likely that the 500-year event is the actual speed at which engineered structures are expected to fail, due to resistance factors in materials, due to conservative design procedures that do not always analyze all load capacity, and due to a lack of a precise definition of 'failure."' In this paper we propose a working definition of "failure" for steel structures using nonlinear finite element analysis, and we present a methodology for estimating the MRI of failure under wind loads that accounts in a detailed and rigorous manner for nonlinear structural behavior and for the directionality of the wind speeds and the aerodynamic effects. The methodology uses databases of wind tunnel pressure (database-assisted design), nonlinear finite-element analysis, and directional wind speeds from the NIST hurricane database augmented by statistical techniques. As a case study to illustrate the methodology, we consider a single frame of a steel industrial building. Under the assumption that uncertainties with respect to the parameters that determine the wind loading and to the material behavior are negligible, the minimum MRI of failure for the steel frame being investigated was found to be of the order of 100 000 years, which corresponds to a probability of 1/2000 that the frame will fail during a 50 year lifetime. C1 [Duthinh, D.; Main, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duthinh, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI LONDON PA 11 NEW FETTER LANE, LONDON EC4P 4EE, ENGLAND BN 978-0-415-44786-7 J9 PROC MONOGR ENG WATE PY 2007 BP 1749 EP 1755 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Industrial; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Statistics & Probability SC Computer Science; Engineering; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Mathematics GA BHC80 UT WOS:000252215401106 ER PT J AU Naughton, GP Caudill, CC Peery, CA Clabough, TS Jepson, MA Bjornn, TC Stuehrenberg, LC AF Naughton, George P. Caudill, Christopher C. Peery, Christopher A. Clabough, Tami S. Jepson, Michael A. Bjornn, Theodore C. Stuehrenberg, Lowell C. TI Experimental evaluation of fishway modifications on the passage behaviour of adult Chinook salmon and steelhead at Lower Granite Dam, Snake River, USA SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE fishway; weirs; transition pool; dam passage; Chinook salmon; steelhead ID COLUMBIA RIVER; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; MIGRATION; TRANSMITTERS; TEMPERATURE; TELEMETRY; FALLBACK; TROUT; RATES AB Previous studies of Pacific salmonid passage over Snake River dams indicated slowed passage at transition pools, the transition area between the fishway entrance and the fish ladder. In 2001 and 2002, we conducted an experiment to determine if modified weirs affected adult salmon and steelhead passage times and route selection through the Lower Granite Dam transition pool. Fish attraction flows through the lower ladder weirs were experimentally increased using removable panels. During the experiment we monitored radio-tagged adult Chinook salmon and steelhead to determine passage routes and times through the transition pool. The weir treatment increased the number of spring-summer Chinook salmon passing straight through the transition pool compared to those exiting the transition pool to the collection channel or tailrace. Mean passage times through the transition pool differed among routes and were significantly lower during treatment periods for the exit-to-collection channel route in spring-summer Chinook salmon, but not for other routes. Passage times among routes differed in steelhead, but there was no evidence of treatment effects on route use or passage time. Fall Chinook exhibited similar trends in route use and passage time to spring-summer Chinook, but differences were not significant, perhaps because of relatively small sample size. Total dam passage times did not differ by treatment or route for any run. Fish depth during passage of the transition pool suggested that most fish passed through submerged orifices and supported the hypothesis that increased water velocity through these orifices caused the increase in straight-through passage in spring-summer Chinook. Collectively, the results suggested the weir modifications provided improvement to passage through the transition pool for spring-summer Chinook and no evidence of negative effects on other runs. The results from this study were used to develop new design criteria and modifications of the Lower Granite Dam fishway. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Naughton, GP (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Idaho Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM naughton@uidaho.edu RI Caudill, Christopher/M-7906-2014 NR 32 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 34 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1535-1459 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 23 IS 1 BP 99 EP 111 DI 10.1002/rra.957 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 130VY UT WOS:000243828300008 ER PT J AU Reipa, V Niaura, G Atha, DH AF Reipa, Vytas Niaura, Gediminas Atha, Donald H. TI Conformational analysis of the telomerase RNA pseudoknot hairpin by Raman spectroscopy SO RNA-A PUBLICATION OF THE RNA SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE telomerase; RNA conformation; RNA pseudoknot hairpin; Raman spectroscopy ID DYSKERATOSIS-CONGENITA; STRUCTURAL FEATURES; UV ABSORPTION; TETRALOOPS; DNA; MUTATIONS; BEHAVIOR; PUCKER; UUCG AB We have measured the temperature-dependent Raman spectra of two 30-mer ribonucleotides that represent the wild-type (WT) and dyskeratosis congenita (DKC) mutant (MT) GC (107-108) -> AG structures of the pseudoknot hairpin region of human telomerase RNA. We have used these structures, previously characterized by UV-melting and NMR, as a model system for our Raman investigation. We observe that Raman hypochromism of vibrational bands, previously assigned to specific bases or conformational RNA markers, reflect temperature-dependent alterations in the pentaloop and stem structures of these two oligonucleotides. We also observe that the intense v(s)(O-P-O) band at 812 cm(-1) indicates the presence of A-form backbone structure at relatively low temperatures in both the WT and MT RNA sequences. The mutation induces a decrease in the intensity of the uridine (rU) band at 1244 cm(-1) associated with C2'-endo/anti ribose conformation in the pentaloop. Two transition temperatures (T-m) were determined from the analysis of Raman difference intensity-temperature profiles of the 1256 cm(-1) band, which is associated with vibrations of cytidine (rC) residues, in particular, the C2'-endo/anti ribose conformation (T(m)1 = 23.6 +/- 1.6 degrees C for WT and 19.7 +/- 2.8 degrees C for MT; T(m)2 = 68.9 +/- 1.8 degrees C for WT and 70.9 +/- 1.1 degrees C for MT). From these results we can conclude that the DKC mutant 30-mer exhibits a lower stability in the pentaloop region and a slightly higher stability in the stem region than the WT 30-mer. This demonstrates that Raman bands, previously assigned to specific bases or conformational RNA markers, can be used to probe local structural features of the telomerase pseudoknot hairpin sequence. C1 NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Inst Chem, Dept Organ Chem, LT-2600 Vilnius, Lithuania. RP Atha, DH (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donald.atha@nist.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 5 U2 10 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 1355-8382 J9 RNA JI RNA-Publ. RNA Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 13 IS 1 BP 108 EP 115 DI 10.1261/rna.182607 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 122DV UT WOS:000243206800012 PM 17119100 ER PT S AU Carpin, S Lewis, M Wang, J Balakirsky, S Scrapper, C AF Carpin, Stefano Lewis, Mike Wang, Jijun Balakirsky, Steve Scrapper, Chris BE Lakemeyer, G Sklar, E Sorrenti, DG Takahashi, T TI Bridging the gap between simulation and reality in urban search and rescue SO ROBOCUP 2006: ROBOT SOCCER WORLD CUP X SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International RoboCup Symposium CY JUN 19-20, 2006 CL Bremen, GERMANY ID MULTIAGENT AB Research efforts in urban search and rescue grew tremendously in recent years. In this paper we illustrate a simulation Software that aims to be the meeting point between the communities of researchers involved in robotics and multi-agent systems. The proposed system allows the realistic modeling of robots, sensors and actuators, as well as complex unstructured dynamic environments. Multiple heterogeneous agents can be concurrently spawned inside the environment. We explain how different sensors and actuators have been added to the system and show how a seamless migration of code between real and simulated robots is possible. Quantitative results supporting the validation of simulation accuracy are also presented. C1 [Carpin, Stefano] Int Univ Bremen, Sch Sci & Engn, Bremen, Germany. [Lewis, Mike; Wang, Jijun] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Informat Sci & Telecommun, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Balakirsky, Steve; Scrapper, Chris] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Carpin, S (reprint author), Int Univ Bremen, Sch Sci & Engn, Bremen, Germany. NR 10 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-74023-0 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2007 VL 4434 BP 1 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA BGR24 UT WOS:000250044700001 ER PT S AU Gladkova, I Gottipati, S Grossberg, M AF Gladkova, Irina Gottipati, Srikanth Grossberg, Michael BE Heymann, RW Huang, B Gladkova, I TI A new lossless compression algorithm for satellite earth science multi-spectral imagers - art. no. 668307 SO SATELLITE DATA COMPRESSION, COMMUNICATIONS, AND ARCHIVING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Satellite Data Compression, Communications, and Archiving III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB Multispectral imaging is becoming an increasingly important tool for monitoring the earth and its environment from space borne and airborne platforms. Multispectral imaging data consists of visible and IR measurements from a scene across space and spectrum. Growing data rates resulting from faster scanning and finer spatial and spectral resolution makes compression an increasingly critical tool to reduce data volume for transmission and archiving. Examples of multispectral sensors we consider include the NASA 36 band MODIS imager, Meteosat 2nd generation 12 band SEVIRI imager, GOES R series 16 band ABI imager, current generation GOES 5 band imager, and Japan's 5 band MTSAT imager. Conventional lossless compression algorithms are not able to reach satisfactory compression ratios nor are they near the upper limits for lossless compression on imager data as estimated from the Shannon entropy. We introduce a new lossless compression algorithm developed for the NOAA-NESDIS satellite based Earth science multispectral imagers. The algorithm is based on capturing spectral correlations using spectral prediction, and spatial correlations with a linear transform encoder. The algorithm as presented has been designed to work with NOAA's scientific data and so is purely lossless but lossy modes can be supported. The compression algorithm also structures the data in a way that makes it easy to incorporate robust error correction using FEC coding methods as TPC and LDPC for satellite use. This research was funded by NOAA-NESDIS for its Earth observing satellite program and NOAA goals. C1 [Gladkova, Irina; Gottipati, Srikanth; Grossberg, Michael] CCNY, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Gladkova, I (reprint author), CCNY, NOAA, CREST, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6831-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6683 BP 68307 EP 68307 DI 10.1117/12.736584 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BHE38 UT WOS:000252430600006 ER PT S AU Fulton, RA Wood, HM Moodie, LV Seymour, P AF Fulton, Richard A. Wood, Helen M. Moodie, Linda V. Seymour, Paul BE Heymann, RW Huang, B Gladkova, I TI GEONETCast Americas - vision and plans - art. no. 66830A SO SATELLITE DATA COMPRESSION, COMMUNICATIONS, AND ARCHIVING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Satellite Data Compression, Communications, and Archiving III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE GEONETCast; environmental data; dissemination systems; GEOSS; DVB-S AB GEONETCast Americas is a regional contribution to a developing, global, near-real-time, environmental data dissemination system in support of the Global Earth Observation System of Systems. It will be a contribution from the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration whose goal is to enable enhanced dissemination, application, and exploitation of environmental data and products for the diverse societal benefits defined by the Group on Earth Observations, including agriculture, energy, health, climate, weather, disaster mitigation, biodiversity, water resources, and ecosystems. GEONETCast Americas will serve North, Central, and South Americas beginning late in 2007 using inexpensive satellite receiver stations based on Digital Video Broadcast standards and will link with similar regional environmental data dissemination systems deployed around the world. C1 [Fulton, Richard A.; Wood, Helen M.; Moodie, Linda V.; Seymour, Paul] NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Fulton, RA (reprint author), NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv, 1335 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6831-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6683 BP A6830 EP A6830 DI 10.1117/12.740201 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BHE38 UT WOS:000252430600009 ER PT S AU Gottipati, S Goddard, J Grossberg, M Gladkova, I AF Gottipati, Srikanth Goddard, Jarnal Grossberg, Michael Gladkova, Irina BE Heymann, RW Huang, B Gladkova, I TI A comparative study of lossless compression algorithms on MODIS data - art. no. 66830F SO SATELLITE DATA COMPRESSION, COMMUNICATIONS, AND ARCHIVING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Satellite Data Compression, Communications, and Archiving III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE compression; MODIS AB This paper reports a comparative study of lossless compression algorithms for MODIS data. MODIS, The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer. is a 36 band Visible and IR multispectral imager aboard the Terra and Aqua satellites, having spatial resolution ranging from 0.250 to 1 kilometer and spectral resolution ranging from 0.405 -0.420 to 4.482-4.549 microns. MODIS data rates are 10.6 Mbps (peak daytime); and 6.1 Mbps (orbital average). Faced with such an enormous volume of data on a current generation imager, this study provides a comparison of current compression algorithms as a baseline for future work. The Hierarchical Data Format (HDF) is standard format selected for data archiving and distribution within the Earth Observing System Data and Information System (EOSDIS). Currently this system handles over one terabyte of data daily, and this volume continues to increase over time. With growing, satellite Earth science multispectral imager volume data compression. it becomes increasingly important to evaluate which compression algorithms are most appropriate for data management in transmission and archiving. This comparative compression study uses a wide range standard implementations of the leading lossless compression algorithms. Examples include image compression algorithms such as PNG and JPEG2000, and widely-used file compression formats such as BZIP2 and 7z. This study includes a comparison with the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) most recent recommended compression standard. by a significant margin. C1 [Gottipati, Srikanth; Goddard, Jarnal; Grossberg, Michael; Gladkova, Irina] CCNY, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Grossberg, M (reprint author), CCNY, NOAA, CREST, 138th St & Convnet Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6831-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6683 BP F6830 EP F6830 DI 10.1117/12.736771 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BHE38 UT WOS:000252430600013 ER PT S AU Grossberg, M Gottipati, S Gladkova, I AF Grossberg, Michael Gottipati, Srikanth Gladkova, Irina BE Heymann, RW Huang, B Gladkova, I TI The impact of striping artifacts on compression - art. no. 66830L SO SATELLITE DATA COMPRESSION, COMMUNICATIONS, AND ARCHIVING III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Satellite Data Compression, Communications, and Archiving III CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE AB yyDespite tremendous efforts to avoid them, stripes are a re-occurring problem for many remote imaging sensors. Much work has focused on suppressing or eliminating them in order to recover accurate observed radiances. Beyond the obvious need to eliminate stripes to obtain accurate scientific measurements, stripes can also significantly impact the performance of compression algorithms. Many compression algorithms are based on linear representations of image space or assume the data to be relatively smooth. In contrast stripes produce nonlinearities in the data as well as sharp discontinuities which make it seem necessary to describe the images with many parameters. Yet the sources and nature of the stripes are often not well known, they could come from specific irregularities with the sensors. If the a priori construction of the sensor is accounted for, and the stripe statistically modeled. it is possible to transmit the stripe parameters separately along with de-striped images. The de-striped images have image statistics whose assumptions are much closer to those for which standard compression algorithms are optimized. As an example, we show this yields a significant boost in the performance of these algorithms when applied to the de-striped MODIS images. C1 [Grossberg, Michael; Gottipati, Srikanth; Gladkova, Irina] CCNY, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Grossberg, M (reprint author), CCNY, NOAA, CREST, 138th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6831-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6683 BP L6830 EP L6830 DI 10.1117/12.736585 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BHE38 UT WOS:000252430600018 ER PT J AU Lautenbacher, CC AF Lautenbacher, Conrad C., Jr. TI 2006 - A milestone year for Earth observations SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lautenbacher, CC (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 1 BP 10 EP 11 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 172DT UT WOS:000246785000002 ER PT J AU Cammen, LM AF Cammen, Leon M. TI Research planning and reducing vulnerabilities to coastal hazards SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Cammen, LM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Sea Grant Coll Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 48 IS 1 BP 17 EP 18 PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 172DT UT WOS:000246785000007 ER PT S AU Brown, SW Flora, SJ Feinholz, ME Yarbrough, MA Houlihan, T Peters, D Kim, YS Mueller, JL Johnson, BC Dennis, K AF Brown, Steven W. Flora, Stephanie J. Feinholz, Michael E. Yarbrough, Mark A. Houlihan, Terrence Peters, Darryl Kim, Yong Sung Mueller, James L. Johnson, B. Carol Dennis, K. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Habib, S TI The Marine Optical BuoY (MOBY) radiometric calibration and uncertainty budget for ocean color satellite sensor vicarious calibration - art. no. 67441M SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XI CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY DE calibration; Marine Optical Buoy; ocean color; satellite sensor; uncertainty AB For the past decade, the Marine Optical Buoy (MOBY), an autonomous radiometric buoy stationed in the waters off Lanai, Hawaii, has been the primary in-water oceanic observatory for the vicarious calibration of U. S. satellite ocean color sensors, including the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) instruments on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Terra and Aqua satellites. The MOBY vicarious calibration of these sensors supports international efforts to develop a global, multi-year time series of consistently calibrated ocean color data products. A critical component of the MOBY program is establishing radiometric traceability to the International System of Units (SI) through standards provided by the U. S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). A detailed uncertainty budget is a core component of traceable metrology. We present the MOBY uncertainty budget for up-welling radiance and discuss approaches in new instrumentation to reduce the uncertainties in in situ water-leaving radiance measurements. C1 [Brown, Steven W.; Johnson, B. Carol] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6902-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6744 BP M7441 EP M7441 DI 10.1117/12.737400 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHH79 UT WOS:000253362700043 ER PT S AU Zong, Y Brown, SW Meister, G Barnes, RA Lykke, KR AF Zong, Yuqin Brown, Steven W. Meister, Gerhard Barnes, Robert A. Lykke, Keith R. BE Meynart, R Neeck, SP Shimoda, H Habib, S TI Characterization and correction of stray light in optical instruments SO SENSORS, SYSTEMS, AND NEXT-GENERATION SATELLITES XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sensors, Systems, and Next-Generation Satellites XI CY SEP 17-20, 2007 CL Florence, ITALY DE array detector; astronomy; CCD array; calibration; correction; laser; ocean color; radiometry; remote sensing; spectrograph; spectrometer; spectroradiometer; stray light ID CORRECTION ALGORITHM; IMAGES; DECONVOLUTION AB Improperly imaged, or scattered, optical radiation within an instrument is difficult to properly characterize and is often the dominant residual source of measurement error. Scattered light can originate from the spectral components of a "point" source and from spatial elements of an extended source. The spectral and spatial scattered light components are commonly referred to as stray light and can be described by an instrument's spectral line spread function (SLSF) and point spread function (PSF), respectively. In this paper, we present approaches that characterize an instrument's response to scattered light and describe matrices that have been developed to correct an instrument's response for this scattered light. Examples are given to demonstrate the efficacy of the approach and implications for remote sensing instruments are discussed. C1 [Zong, Yuqin; Brown, Steven W.; Lykke, Keith R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zong, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lykke@nist.gov RI Meister, Gerhard/F-7159-2012 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6902-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6744 AR 67441L DI 10.1117/12.737315 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Telecommunications GA BHH79 UT WOS:000253362700042 ER PT S AU Gnaupel-Herold, T Myneni, GR Ricke, RE AF Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas Myneni, Ganapati Rao Ricke, Richard E. BE Myneni, G Carneiro, T Hutton, A TI Investigations of residual stresses and mechanical properties of single crystal niobium for SRF cavities SO SINGLE CRYSTAL - LARGE GRAIN NIOBIUM TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Niobium Workshop on Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2006 CL Araxa, BRAZIL SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab DE SRF cavity; niobium; yield stress; formability; residual stress AB This work investigates properties of large grained, high purity mobium with respect to the forming of superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities from such large grained sheets. The yield stresses were examined using tensile specimens that were essentially single crystals in orientations evenly distributed in the standard projection triangle. No distinct yield anisotropy was found, however, vacuum annealing increased the yield strength by a factor 2...3. The deep drawing forming operation of the half cells raises the issues of elastic shape changes after the release of the forming tool (springback) and residual stresses, both of which are indicated to be negligible. This is a consequence of the low yield stress (< 100 MPa:,) and the large thickness (compared to typical thicknesses in sheet metal forming). However, the significant anisotropy of the transversal plastic strains after uniaxial deformation points to potentially critical thickness variations for large grained / single crystal half cells, thus raising the issue of controlling grain orientation or using single crystal sheet material. C1 [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neurton Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gnaeupel-Herold, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Myneni, Ganapati Rao] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Accelerator Div, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. [Ricke, Richard E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Met Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gnaupel-Herold, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neurton Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011; OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908; Gnaupel-Herold, Thomas/0000-0002-8287-5091 FU DOE [DE-AC05-84ER40150]; Metals Company Inc [CRADA 2004-S002-Mod 2] FX y This work is supported in part by DOE contract DE-AC05-84ER40150 and Reference Metals Company Inc. CRADA 2004-S002-Mod 2. The authors acknowledge discussions with Mr. Tadeu Carneiro and help of Dr. P. Kneisel with the large grain niobium half cells NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0437-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 927 BP 48 EP + PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BGQ51 UT WOS:000249747300004 ER PT S AU Ricker, RE Pitchure, DJ Myneni, GR AF Ricker, R. E. Pitchure, D. J. Myneni, G. R. BE Myneni, G Carneiro, T Hutton, A TI Interstitial solutes and deformation in Nb and Nb single crystals SO SINGLE CRYSTAL - LARGE GRAIN NIOBIUM TECHNOLOGY SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Niobium Workshop on Single Crystal - Large Grain Niobium Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2006 CL Araxa, BRAZIL SP CBMM, Jefferson Lab DE deformation; elasticity; forming; internal friction; interstitial embrittlement; plasticity; serrated yielding AB Experiments were conducted on high purity single and polycrystalline niobium samples to determine the influence of low concentrations of interstitial impurities on mechanical properties and to evaluate the feasibility of mechanical properties to detect, identify, and quantify diffusible interstitial content. Time series and spectral analysis were used to evaluate behavior during plastic flow. Dynamic modulus analysis and strain relaxation/recovery experiments were used to evaluate anelastic relaxations during elastic loading. Serrations during plastic flow were found to occur at discrete frequency ranges with amplitudes that varied with interstitial content. Anelastic relaxations were found at specific temperatures or time constants with amplitudes that varied with interstitial content. The results indicate that with considerable research and development, mechanical properties could be used to measure the diffusible interstitial content of niobium and partition the total interstitial content between diffusible (harmful) and non-diffusible (non-harmful) forms. C1 [Ricker, R. E.; Pitchure, D. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Myneni, G. R.] Thomas Jefferson Natl Accelerator Fac, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Ricker, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr MS 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ricker, Richard/H-4880-2011 OI Ricker, Richard/0000-0002-2871-4908 FU DOE [DE-AC05-84ER40150]; Reference Metals Company Inc. [CRADA 2004-S002-Mod 2] FX This work is supported in part by DOE contract DE-AC05-84ER40150 and Reference Metals Company Inc. CRADA 2004-S002-Mod 2. NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0437-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 927 BP 60 EP + PG 2 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA BGQ51 UT WOS:000249747300005 ER PT B AU Linsky, JL Redfield, S AF Linsky, Jeffrey L. Redfield, Seth BE Haverkorn, M Goss, WM TI Structure of the local ISM SO Sins - Small Ionized and Neutral Structures in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium SE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Small Ionized and Neutral Structures in the Diffuse Interstellar Medium CY MAY 21-24, 2006 CL Natl Radio Astron Observ, Socorro, NM HO Natl Radio Astron Observ ID NEARBY INTERSTELLAR GAS; 100 PARSECS; SCINTILLATION; J1819+3845; VELOCITY; STARS; CLOUD; WARM AB We report preliminary results of our program to determine the structure and physical properties of warm partially-ionized clouds in the local interstellar medium. Analysis of ultraviolet absorption lines toward stars inside the Local Bubble provides 183 interstellar velocity components and ground-based Ca II spectra provide an additional 87 components. We fit these data with 15 velocity vectors and determine the shapes of 15 clouds located within 15 pc of the Sun. We find that four nearby radio scintillation scattering screens are coincident with the intersections of the LIC, G and other nearby clouds. The cold cloud mapped by Heiles and Troland may be near the edges of the Leo and Gem clouds. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-583812-33-4 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2007 VL 365 BP 219 EP 226 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BGJ35 UT WOS:000247411700034 ER PT B AU Hillkirk, LM Hefner, AR Dutton, RW Bayne, SB O'Brien, H AF Hillkirk, Leonardo M. Hefner, Allen R. Dutton, Robert W. Bayne, Stephen B. O'Brien, Heather BE Grasser, T Selberherr, S TI Electro-thermal, transient, mixed-mode 2D simulation study of SiC power thyristors operating under pulsedpower conditions SO SISPAD 2007: SIMULATION OF SEMICONDUCTOR PROCESSES AND DEVICES 2007 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Simulation of Semiconductor Processes and Devices CY SEP, 2007 CL TU Wien, Vienna, AUSTRIA HO TU Wien AB An electro-thermal, transient device simulation study of Silicon Carbide (SiC) power thyristors operating in a pulsed-power circuit at extremely high current density has been carried out within the drift-diffusion approximation and classical heat generation and transport theory using MEDICI* [1]. The convergence problems normally associated with Technology Computer-Aided Design (TCAD) simulations of SiC bipolar devices were overcome without artificially increasing the free carrier concentration by optical carrier generation. or by increasing the initial temperature (thermal carrier generation). The simulation results closely predict the actual operating conditions of the SiC thyristor in the pulsed-power circuit and are used to interpret the results of experimental failure limit studies [2]. It is shown that TCAD simulations can realistically predict the electrical and thermal properties of complex SiC bipolar semiconductor devices operating under fast transient, pulsed-power conditions. C1 [Hillkirk, Leonardo M.; Hefner, Allen R.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dutton, Robert W.] Stanford Univ, Ctr Integrated Syst, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Bayne, Stephen B.; O'Brien, Heather] US Army Res Lab, AMSRD ARL SE DE, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Hillkirk, LM (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hillkirk@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG WIEN PI VIENNA PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, A-1201 VIENNA, AUSTRIA BN 978-3-211-72860-4 PY 2007 BP 181 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-211-72861-1_43 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA BHB84 UT WOS:000252105600043 ER PT B AU Ilyushin, VV Alekseev, EA Chou, YC Hsu, YC Hougen, JT Lovas, FJ Picraux, LB AF Ilyushin, Vadim V. Alekseev, Eugene A. Chou, Yung-Ching Hsu, Yen-Chu Hougen, Jon T. Lovas, Frank J. Picraux, Laura B. GP IEEE TI Microwave spectrum of 2-methylmalonaldehyde: Analysis of the hydrogen-transfer and internal-rotation motions SO SIXTH INT KHARKOV SYMPOSIUM ON PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING OF MICROWAVES, MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVES/WORKSHOP ON TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves/Workshop on Terahertz Technologies CY JUN 25-30, 2007 CL Kharkov, UKRAINE SP URSI, IEEE, EDS, MITTS, APS, EuMA C1 [Ilyushin, Vadim V.; Alekseev, Eugene A.] NASU, Inst Radio Astron, Chervonopraporna 4, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Chou, Yung-Ching; Hsu, Yen-Chu] Taipei Municipal Univ Educ, Dep Sci Educ, Taipei, Taiwan. [Hougen, Jon T.; Lovas, Frank J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Picraux, Laura B.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ilyushin, VV (reprint author), NASU, Inst Radio Astron, Chervonopraporna 4, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM ilyushin@rian.kharkov.ua FU National Science Council of Taiwan [96-2113-M-133-001-MY2] FX The author Y.-C.C. thanks the National Science Council of Taiwan, Grant No. NSC 96-2113-M-133-001-MY2 for support. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1237-2 PY 2007 BP 839 EP + DI 10.1109/MSMW.2007.4294832 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BGQ00 UT WOS:000249653400241 ER PT B AU Ilyushin, VV Motiyenkoa, RA Lovas, FJ Plusquellic, DF AF Ilyushin, Vadim V. Motiyenkoa, Roman A. Lovas, Frank J. Plusquellic, David F. GP IEEE TI Microwave spectrum of glycerol SO SIXTH INT KHARKOV SYMPOSIUM ON PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING OF MICROWAVES, MILLIMETER AND SUBMILLIMETER WAVES/WORKSHOP ON TERAHERTZ TECHNOLOGIES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Kharkov Symposium on Physics and Engineering of Microwaves, Millimeter and Submillimeter Waves/Workshop on Terahertz Technologies CY JUN 25-30, 2007 CL Kharkov, UKRAINE SP URSI, IEEE, EDS, MITTS, APS, EuMA ID SUGAR C1 [Ilyushin, Vadim V.; Motiyenkoa, Roman A.] NASU, Inst Radio Astron, Chervonopraporna 4, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Lovas, Frank J.; Plusquellic, David F.] NIST, Optical Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ilyushin, VV (reprint author), NASU, Inst Radio Astron, Chervonopraporna 4, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. EM ilyushin@rian.kharkov.ua NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1237-2 PY 2007 BP 842 EP + DI 10.1109/MSMW.2007.4294833 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Engineering; Physics GA BGQ00 UT WOS:000249653400242 ER PT J AU Julthongpiput, D Zhang, WH Douglas, JF Karim, A Fasolka, MJ AF Julthongpiput, Duangrut Zhang, Wenhua Douglas, Jack F. Karim, Alamgir Fasolka, Michael J. TI Pattern-directed to isotropic dewetting transition in polymer films on micropatterned surfaces with differential surface energy contrast SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID THIN LIQUID-FILMS; STRUCTURED SURFACES; SUBSTRATE; INSTABILITY; RUPTURE AB Surface chemical patterns can both cause and direct dewetting in overlying thin polymer films. In this paper we focus on a key factor in this phenomenon, the magnitude of the surface energy difference between surface pattern domains (Delta gamma). To probe the influence of Delta gamma on film dewetting, we utilize novel combinatorial test patterns exhibiting a gradient in Delta gamma. Specifically, our test patterns consist of a series of micron-scale striped regions that continuously change in their surface energy (gamma) relative to background striped regions having a fixed and calibrated gamma. Using polystyrene (PS) films as a demonstration case, we employ these test patterns to quantify the morphology and kinetics of dewetting as Delta gamma diminishes. Our study indicates a transition from pattern-directed to isotropic PS dewetting at critical Delta gamma values. For Delta gamma > 14 mJ m(-2), ordered droplet arrays are formed, while for Delta gamma, 7 mJ m(-2), the dewetting is isotropic. A competition between these limiting behaviors is found for a "crossover regime", 7 mJ m(-2) < Delta gamma < mJ m(-2). These combinatorial test patterns provide a powerful approach for investigating the large number of parameters that govern the stability of ultrathin polymer films, and the physical factors that influence the dewetted film morphology. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fasolka, MJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mfasolka@nist.gov NR 29 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 14 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2007 VL 3 IS 5 BP 613 EP 618 DI 10.1039/b608630f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 166HD UT WOS:000246368400015 ER PT J AU Chung, JY Youngblood, JP Stafford, CM AF Chung, Jun Young Youngblood, Jeffrey P. Stafford, Christopher M. TI Anisotropic wetting on tunable micro-wrinkled surfaces SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID CONTACT-ANGLE HYSTERESIS; HYDROPHOBIC RECOVERY; ROUGH SURFACES; THIN-FILMS; POLYMER; WATER; SUPERHYDROPHILICITY; SUPERHYDROPHOBICITY; WETTABILITY; ADHESION AB We examine the wettability of rough surfaces through a measurement approach that harnesses a wrinkling instability to produce model substrate topographies. Specifically, we probe the wetting of liquids on anisotropic micro-wrinkled features that exhibit well-defined aspect ratios ( amplitude versus wavelength of the wrinkles) that can be actively tuned. Our study provides new insight into the wetting behavior on rough surfaces and into the interpretation of related liquid contact-angle measurements. In particular, we find that droplet wetting anisotropy is governed primarily by the roughness aspect ratio. In addition, comparison of our measurements to theoretical models demonstrates that droplet distortions and observed contact angles on surfaces with a strongly anisotropic texture can be quantitatively attributed to the difference in the energetic barriers to wetting along and perpendicular to substrate features. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Mat Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 60 TC 220 Z9 224 U1 13 U2 127 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2007 VL 3 IS 9 BP 1163 EP 1169 DI 10.1039/b705112c PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 199YS UT WOS:000248731700008 ER PT J AU Barrett, CJ Mamiya, JI Yager, KG Ikeda, T AF Barrett, Christopher J. Mamiya, Jun-ichi Yager, Kevin G. Ikeda, Tomiki TI Photo-mechanical effects in azobenzene-containing soft materials SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Review ID POLYMER LIQUID-CRYSTALS; SURFACE-RELIEF GRATINGS; SIDE-CHAIN POLYMERS; PHOTOCHEMICAL PHASE-TRANSITION; LANGMUIR-BLODGETT-FILMS; AMPHIPHILIC SEQUENTIAL POLYPEPTIDE; PHOTOINDUCED TRANSLATION DIFFUSION; AMORPHOUS MOLECULAR MATERIAL; NONLINEAR-OPTICAL POLYMERS; AROMATIC AZO CHROMOPHORES AB The change in shape inducible in some photo-reversible molecules using light can effect powerful changes to a variety of properties of a host material. The most ubiquitous natural molecule for reversible shape change is the rhodopsin-retinal protein system that enables vision, and this is perhaps the quintessential reversible photo-switch. Perhaps the best artificial mimic of this strong photo-switching effect however, for reversibility, speed, and simplicity of incorporation, is azobenzene. This review focuses on the study and application of reversible changes in shape that can be achieved with various systems incorporating azobenzene. This photo-mechanical effect can be defined as the reversible change in shape inducible in some molecules by the adsorption of light, which results in a significant macroscopic mechanical deformation of the host material. Thus, it does not include simple thermal expansion effects, nor does it include reversible but non-mechanical photo- switching or photo-chemistry, nor any of the wide range of optical and electro-optical switching effects for which good reviews exist elsewhere. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. Tokyo Inst Technol, Chem Resources Lab, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Barrett, CJ (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T5, Canada. EM christopher.barrett@mcgill.ca; tikeda@res.titech.ca.jp RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Barrett, Christopher/B-7474-2008; wang, chuanjun/K-4578-2013 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; NR 211 TC 286 Z9 288 U1 25 U2 178 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2007 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1249 EP 1261 DI 10.1039/b705619b PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 223VO UT WOS:000250400800004 ER PT J AU Ni, Y Chiang, MYM AF Ni, Yong Chiang, Martin Y. M. TI Cell morphology and migration linked to substrate rigidity SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; FOCAL ADHESIONS; CYTOSKELETAL MECHANICS; CONTRACTILE CELLS; MEMBRANE ADHESION; MODEL; FORCE; GROWTH; STIFFNESS; SOFT AB A mathematical model, based on thermodynamics, was developed to demonstrate how substrate rigidity influences cell morphology and migration. The mechanisms by which substrate rigidity are translated into cell-morphological changes and cell movement are described. The model takes into account the competition between the elastic energies in the cell-substrate system and work of adhesion at the cell periphery. The cell morphology and migration are dictated by the minimum of the total free energy of the cell-substrate system. By using this model, reported experimental observations on cell morphological changes and migration can be better understood with a theoretical basis. In addition, these observations can be more accurately correlated with the variation of substrate rigidity. This study indicates that the activity of the adherent cell is dependent not only on the substrate rigidity but also is correlated with the relative rigidity between the cell and substrate. Moreover, the study suggests that the cell stiffness can be estimated based on the substrate stiffness corresponding to the change of trend in morphological stability. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.chiang@nist.gov RI Ni, Yong/B-7077-2008 NR 74 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2007 VL 3 IS 10 BP 1285 EP 1292 DI 10.1039/b703376a PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 223VO UT WOS:000250400800007 ER PT S AU Hill, SM Pizzo, VJ Reinard, AA Biesecker, DA Lemen, J Catura, P Morrison, M Rink, T Sabolish, D Stern, R AF Hill, S. M. Pizzo, V. J. Reinard, A. A. Biesecker, D. A. Lemen, J. Catura, P. Morrison, M. Rink, T. Sabolish, D. Stern, R. BE Fineschi, S Viereck, RA TI GOES-13 SXI initial on-orbit performance results - art. no. 66890H SO SOLAR PHYSICS AND SPACE WEATHER INSTRUMENTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation II CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, MA SP SPIE DE solar; corona; X-ray; imaging; space weather; GOES; NOAA; SXI ID X-RAY IMAGER; GOES N; TELESCOPE AB On 2006 May 24 NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) 13 satellite was launched with the next generation Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) aboard. This instrument represents a significant step forward in performance over the previous SXI flown on GOES-12, even before that instrument suffered serious degradation. Like the previous instrument, the new instrument uses a grazing incidence optical design, but with a new detector and other improvements, it has about 10 times the sensitivity, twice the spatial resolution, and greatly reduced wide-angle scattering compared to the GOES-12 SXI. The GOES-13 SXI completed its 6 month checkout period in December 2006. Performance tests included dark current, flat-field, spatial response, scattered light, pointing stability and jitter. We present initial analyses and results of these tests as well as comparisons to ground test results. In addition, GOES-13 solar observations are compared to solar observations by other instruments. When it enters operations, the GOES-13 SXI will provide continuous, real-time observations of the X-ray Sun at 1-minute cadence. C1 [Hill, S. M.; Pizzo, V. J.; Reinard, A. A.; Biesecker, D. A.] NOAA, Space Environm CTr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hill, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm CTr, Boulder, CO USA. RI Reinard, Alysha/H-7808-2013 OI Reinard, Alysha/0000-0003-0304-2989 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6837-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6689 BP H6890 EP H6890 DI 10.1117/12.734738 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BGZ49 UT WOS:000251542300012 ER PT S AU Reinard, A Hill, S Bailey, S Pizzo, V Viereck, R AF Reinard, Alysha Hill, Steven Bailey, Scott Pizzo, Victor Viereck, Rodney BE Fineschi, S Viereck, RA TI Report on GOES SXI/XRS calibration effort - art. no. 66890J SO SOLAR PHYSICS AND SPACE WEATHER INSTRUMENTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation II CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, MA SP SPIE DE solar corona; X-ray Imaging; coronagraph; space weather ID OPTICALLY THIN PLASMAS; ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; MISSION; CHIANTI AB NOAA's Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) include instruments focused on both terrestrial weather patterns as well as solar activity. These solar X-ray measurements enable the NWS Space Environment Center to perform operational specification and to forecast Space Weather phenomenon. The disk-integrated solar X-ray flux has been recorded for more than three decades by the GOES X-ray Sensor (XRS). GOES-12 Solar X-ray Imager (SXI) has provided real-time images of the Sun and lower corona since 2003. In October 2004, a sounding rocket underflight was undertaken with the Avalanche X-ray Spectrometer (AXS) to provide reference or "solar truth" spectra and these data are being used to provide absolute calibration for the XRS and SXI instruments. We present a report on the progress of this effort, including results of the data reduction and analysis for the XRS, SXI and AXS. This calibration effort will increase our understanding of SXI and XRS instrument response functions and will improve the accuracy of space weather forecasting. C1 [Reinard, Alysha; Hill, Steven; Bailey, Scott; Pizzo, Victor; Viereck, Rodney] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Reinard, A (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RI Reinard, Alysha/H-7808-2013 OI Reinard, Alysha/0000-0003-0304-2989 NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6837-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6689 BP J6890 EP J6890 DI 10.1117/12.734268 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BGZ49 UT WOS:000251542300014 ER PT S AU Viereck, R Hanser, F Wise, J Guha, S Jones, A McMullin, D Plunket, S Strickland, D Evans, S AF Viereck, Rodney Hanser, Fred Wise, John Guha, Soumyendu Jones, Andrew McMullin, Don Plunket, Simon Strickland, Doug Evans, Scott BE Fineschi, S Viereck, RA TI Solar extreme ultraviolet irradiance observations from GOES: Design characteristics and initial performance - art. no. 66890K SO SOLAR PHYSICS AND SPACE WEATHER INSTRUMENTATION II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Solar Physics and Space Weather Instrumentation II CY AUG 26-27, 2007 CL San Diego, MA SP SPIE AB Solar EUV irradiance plays a critical role in the variability of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere of Earth. Many systems are impacted by these terrestrial changes including radio communication, GPS navigation, and satellite orbits. Monitoring the solar EUV irradiance in the past has been left to research satellites and there have been long periods where gaps in the observational record make it difficult to study and understand the long-term trends and impacts on Earth. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has, for the first time, included an EUV Sensor (EUVS) on the Geostationary Environmental Operational Satellite (GOES). This EUV Sensor (EUVS), launched in May 2006, is design to provide the solar EUV irradiance information most critical to understanding and modeling Earth's upper atmosphere. The EUVS has five broad EUV channels between 5 and 125 run. It uses transmission gratings and thin-film filters for wavelength discrimination and silicon diodes for detectors. The EUVS was extensively calibrated at the Brookhaven National Labs Synchrotron Light Source with calibration standards traceable to NIST. It samples the solar irradiance every ten seconds on a continuous basis from geosynchronous orbit. This paper will provide an overview of the EUVS design, calibration, and performance results. C1 [Viereck, Rodney] NOAA, NWS Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Viereck, R (reprint author), NOAA, NWS Space Environm Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6837-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6689 BP K6890 EP K6890 DI 10.1117/12.734886 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BGZ49 UT WOS:000251542300015 ER PT J AU Sasso, CR Braun-McNeill, J Avens, L Epperly, SP AF Sasso, Christopher R. Braun-McNeill, Joanne Avens, Larisa Epperly, Sheryan P. TI Summer abundance estimates of Caretta caretta (Loggerhead turtles) in Core Sound, NC SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SEA-TURTLES; POPULATION; WATERS; TRENDS AB We estimated summer abundance of juvenile Loggerhead Turtles at our study site in Core Sound, NC with a Horvitz-Thompson type estimator, which uses count data and recapture probability to estimate abundance. Abundance ranged from 192 (95% CI = 88-1047) to 633 (95% CI = 219-1047) turtles over the six years of this study. These results provide preliminary estimates of juvenile Loggerhead Turtle abundance during the summer in Core Sound. C1 SEFSC, NOAA Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Sasso, CR (reprint author), SEFSC, NOAA Fisheries, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chris.sasso@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 2 BP 365 EP 369 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[365:SAEOCC]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 187EU UT WOS:000247831000016 ER PT J AU Love, JW Chase, PD AF Love, Joseph W. Chase, Peter D. TI Marine fish diversity and composition in the Mid-Atlantic and South Atlantic Bights SO SOUTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID SPECIES-RICHNESS; LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS; ASSEMBLAGE STRUCTURE; COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS; SCALE; COMPLEXITY; MANAGEMENT; ESTUARY; AREA AB We sampled fishes from nearshore, continental shelf (approximate to 30 m) to shelf-slope, deep-water habitats (approximate to 100 m) in the Mid-Atlantic Bight (MAB) and South Atlantic Bight (SAB) during winter (2005) to explore compositional differences among temperatures and depths. Trawl surveys conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service do not typically sample winter fish assemblages concurrently from both the MAB and SAB, although increased concern over changes in distribution of species such as Pterois volitans (Lionfish) may warrant such studies. We collected 41 families and 68 species of fish, and found that temperature and depth influenced their distribution. More species were collected in the SAB where temperature was 10 degrees C higher. At nearshore sites of SAB, we collected reef fishes (Chaetodontidae; Fistulariidae) and Stenotomus chrysops (Scup). At deep water sites of SAB, we collected Ophichthidae, Acropomatidae, and Scorpaenidae. Assemblages of the MAB were dominated by Squalus acanthias (Spiny Dogfish), particularly at nearshore sites. Pomatomus saltatrix (Bluefish) and Scomber scombrus (Atlantic Mackerel) were also abundant in the MAB. Our results highlight distributions of some fish species during winter. However, more data are necessary for understanding macroecological patterns of marine fish distribution in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, especially as they relate to the interactive effects of temperature and depth on populations. C1 [Love, Joseph W.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. [Chase, Peter D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ecosyst Surveys Branch, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Love, JW (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. EM jlove@umes.edu NR 40 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 6 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1528-7092 J9 SOUTHEAST NAT JI Southeast. Nat. PY 2007 VL 6 IS 4 BP 705 EP 714 DI 10.1656/1528-7092(2007)6[705:MFDACI]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 249XI UT WOS:000252263400010 ER PT S AU Arp, U AF Arp, U. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI The case of the missing harmonic structure SO Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation, Pts 1 and 2 SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE synchrotron radiation; storage rings; beam dynamics; collective effects and instabilities AB Classical synchrotron radiation theory predicts emission in harmonies of the revolution frequency of the radiating particles. The Synchrotron Ultraviolet Radiation Facility SURF is an electron storage ring based on the weak focusing principle. The particles travel on a near perfect circular path, which makes SURF an ideal test-bed for synchrotron radiation theory. The harmonic structure of the radiation emitted by the electrons stored in SURF will be explored. C1 NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Arp, U (reprint author), NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8410, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 139 EP 142 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900034 ER PT S AU Arp, U Ermanoski, I Tarrio, C Grantham, S Hill, S Dhez, P Lucatorto, TB AF Arp, U. Ermanoski, I. Tarrio, C. Grantham, S. Hill, S. Dhez, P. Lucatorto, T. B. BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Testing of radiation hardness in the extreme-ultraviolet spectral region SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE storage rings; synchrotron radiation; electron and positron beams; multilayers; synchrotron radiation instrumentation; environmental and radiation effects on optical elements, devices, and systems; processes caused by visible and UV light; fabrication techniques; lithography, pattern transfer ID CAPPING LAYERS; MULTILAYER MIRRORS; X-RAY; LITHOGRAPHY; OPTICS; CONTAMINATION; PERFORMANCE; STABILITY; OXIDATION; COATINGS AB Currently we are commissioning a second multilayer-based beamline to study the radiation hardness of multilayers under extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) irradiation in an oxidizing atmosphere. Multilayer lifetime is one of the most important issues for the commercialization of extreme-ultraviolet lithography. The beamline employs a spherical multilayer mirror and a beryllium filter. The mirror demagnifies the source and reflects 13.4 nm radiation as well as visible light. The beryllium filter suppresses the visible light reflected by the mirror and provides also a barrier between the extremely clean storage ring vacuum and the water atmosphere of the test chamber. C1 [Arp, U.; Tarrio, C.; Grantham, S.; Hill, S.; Dhez, P.; Lucatorto, T. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron & Opt Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8410, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ermanoski, I.] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Arp, U (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron & Opt Phys Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8410, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455 NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 481 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900112 ER PT S AU Ablett, JM Woicik, JC Tokei, Z AF Ablett, James M. Woicik, Joseph C. Tokei, Zsolt BE Choi, JY Rah, S TI Preliminary hard x-ray micro-spectroscopic investigations on thin-film Ta-and-W based diffusion barriers for copper interconnect technology SO SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Synchrotron Radiation Instrumentation (SRI 2006) CY MAY 28-JUN 02, 2006 CL Daegu, SOUTH KOREA SP Pohang Accelerator Lab, Japan Synchrotron Radiat Res Inst, Korea Minist Sci & Technol, Korea Synchrotron Radiat Users Assoc, Japanese Soc Synchrotron Radiat Res, Daegu Metropolitan City, Daegu Convent & Visitors Bur, Korea Tourism Org, Korean Phys Soc DE microelectronics; diffusion barrier; x-ray spectroscopy; synchrotron ID METALLIZATION; DEPOSITION AB Within the microelectronics industry, the requirement for reducing device dimensions for increased circuit performance and lower manufacturing costs has led to many avenues of research in advanced materials and fabrication processes. One of the most important challenges in ultra-large scale integrated technology is the fabrication of thin-film diffusion barriers that prevent copper interconnect lines diffusing through the barrier material and into the neighboring silicon layers. In this paper, we present preliminary synchrotron x-ray spectroscopy measurements as a tool for studying the properties of these buried barrier layers and consider the opportunity of applying the spatial resolution of an x-ray microbeam in probing different regions of the barrier material. C1 [Ablett, James M.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Woicik, Joseph C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Tokei, Zsolt] IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. RP Ablett, JM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Natl Synchrotron Light Source, Upton, NY 11973 USA. FU U.S. Department of Energy; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; Division of Materials Sciences [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX Research carried out at the National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, which is supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Basic Energy Sciences and Division of Materials Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0373-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 879 BP 1557 EP + PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BFU31 UT WOS:000244647900370 ER PT J AU Cai, M Yang, S Van den Dool, HM Kousky, VE AF Cai, M. Yang, S. Van den Dool, H. M. Kousky, V. E. TI Dynamical implications of the orientation of atmospheric eddies: a local energetics perspective SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; MIDLATITUDE STORM TRACKS; QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC EDDIES; ZONALLY VARYING FLOWS; PACIFIC JET-STREAM; TIME-MEAN FLOW; SST ANOMALIES; BASIC FLOW; CIRCULATION; STATIONARY AB A local quasi-geostrophic energetics analysis indicates that within the jet core, low-frequency (LF) eddies behave baroclinically essentially the same as high-frequency (HF) eddies. They both have a westward tilting vertical structure and both grow baroclinically by transporting heat poleward and by converting eddy potential energy to kinetic energy. However, the difference in the horizontal orientations of HF and LF eddies has several important implications to their amplitude and peak locations, as well as their interaction with stationary waves. The barotropic decay of meridionally elongated HF eddies tends to terminate the growth of HF eddies beyond the jet exit region. The barotropic growth of the zonally elongated LF eddies not only ensure a continuous growth of LF eddies in the jet exit region, but also results in a new baroclinic growth of LF eddies farther downstream due to the presence of the west-east temperature contrast associated with stationary waves. The continuous growth of LF eddies due to both barotropic and baroclinic processes in the jet exit region is consistent with the facts that LF eddies reach maximum variability farther downstream of the two major jet streams and that the LF variability is much stronger than HF eddies. The results of energetics analysis are confirmed by the feedback analysis, showing that HF eddies, being dominated by meridional orientations, mainly act to maintain (damp) stationary waves by locally enhancing (reducing) north-south gradient of the height (temperature) field near the jet core regions. The zonally elongated LF eddies, on the other hand, act to primarily reduce the zonal gradient associated with stationary waves both barotropically and baroclinically. C1 Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NOAA, Climat Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Cai, M (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Meteorol, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM cai@met.fsu.edu RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 NR 46 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 59 IS 1 BP 127 EP 140 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2006.00213.x PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 125YX UT WOS:000243480500010 ER PT S AU Itano, WM Bergquist, JC Brusch, A Diddams, SA Fortier, TM Heavner, TP Hollberg, L Hume, DB Jefferts, SR Lorini, L Parker, TE Rosenband, T Stalnaker, JE AF Itano, W. M. Bergquist, J. C. Brusch, A. Diddams, S. A. Fortier, T. M. Heavner, T. P. Hollberg, L. Hume, D. B. Jefferts, S. R. Lorini, L. Parker, T. E. Rosenband, T. Stalnaker, J. E. BE Jones, RJ TI Optical frequency standards based on mercury and aluminum ions - art. no. 667303 SO Time and Frequency Metrology SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Time and Frequency Metrology CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE aluminum; atomic clocks; frequency standards; ion traps; mercury ID QUANTUM JUMPS; FEMTOSECOND LASER; SPECTROSCOPY; HG-199(+); HG+; TRANSITIONS; OSCILLATOR; ABSORPTION; MOMENTS; LEVEL AB Single-trapped-ion frequency standards based on a 282 nm transition in Hg-199(+) and on a 267 nm transition in Al-27(+) have been developed at NIST over the past several years. Their frequencies are measured relative to each other and to the NIST primary frequency standard, the NIST-F1 cesium fountain, by means of a self-referenced femtosecond laser frequency comb. Both ion standards have demonstrated instabilities and inaccuracies of less than 1 x 10(-16). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Itano, WM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 49 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6821-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6673 BP 67303 EP 67303 AR 667303 DI 10.1117/12.734662 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BGX08 UT WOS:000251051000001 ER PT S AU Knappe, S Shah, V Brannon, A Gerginov, V Robinson, HG Popovic, Z Hollberg, L Kitching, J AF Knappe, S. Shah, V. Brannon, A. Gerginov, V. Robinson, H. G. Popovic, Z. Hollberg, L. Kitching, J. BE Jones, RJ TI Advances in chip-scale atomic frequency references at NIST - art. no. 667307 SO Time and Frequency Metrology SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Time and Frequency Metrology CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE chip-scale atomic clock; CSAC; frequency reference; microfabrication; saturation spectroscopy ID POPULATION TRAPPING RESONANCES; DOUBLE-LAMBDA SYSTEM; VAPOR CELLS; CLOCKS; STABILITY AB Coherent population trapping (CPT) resonances usually exhibit contrasts below 10 % when interrogated with frequency modulated lasers. We discuss a relatively simple way to increase the resonance contrast to nearly 100 % generating an additional light field through a nonlinear four-wave mixing interaction in the atomic vapor(1). A similar method can also be used to create a beat signal at the CPT resonance frequency that can injection-lock a low-power microwave oscillator at 3.4 GHz directly to the atomic resonance(2). This could lead to chip-scale atomic clocks (CSACs) with improved performance. Furthermore, we introduce a miniature microfabricated saturated absorption spectrometer(3) that produces a signal for locking a laser frequency to optical transitions in alkali atoms. The Rb absorption spectra are comparable to signals obtained with standard table-top setups, although the rubidium vapor cell has an interior volume of only 1 mm(3) and the volume of the entire spectrometer is around 0.1 cm(3). C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Knappe, S (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6821-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6673 BP 67307 EP 67307 AR 667307 DI 10.1117/12.735024 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BGX08 UT WOS:000251051000004 ER PT S AU Jefferts, SR Heavner, TP Parker, TE Shirley, JH AF Jefferts, S. R. Heavner, T. P. Parker, T. E. Shirley, J. H. BE Jones, RJ TI NIST cesium fountains - Current status and future prospects - art. no. 667309 SO Time and Frequency Metrology SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Time and Frequency Metrology CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA ID NOISE AB We review the current status of the U.S. Primary Frequency Standard, NIST-F1. NIST-F1 is a laser-cooled cesium fountain based frequency standard with an inaccuracy of less than delta f / f <= 5x10(-16) limited mainly by the radiation field in the room-temperature fountain (blackbody shift). NIST-F1 is one of the best cesium fountains currently contributing to international atomic time, but has reached a point that it is impractical to improve its accuracy substantially. Therefore we are building a new fountain, imaginatively named NIST-F2, with a cryogenic (77 K) Ramsey interrogation zone that lowers the blackbody shift by several orders of magnitude. NIST-F2 is currently undergoing final assembly, and we will discuss our planned (hoped for) performance, which includes frequency inaccuracy of delta f / f < 1x10(-16). C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Jefferts, SR (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6821-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6673 BP 67309 EP 67309 AR 667309 DI 10.1117/12.734965 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BGX08 UT WOS:000251051000006 ER PT S AU Campbell, GK Boyd, M Ludlow, A Foreman, S Zelevinsky, T Blatt, S Zanon, T Miranda, M Martin, M Ye, J AF Campbell, G. K. Boyd, M. Ludlow, A. Foreman, S. Zelevinsky, T. Blatt, S. Zanon, T. Miranda, M. Martin, M. Ye, J. BE Jones, RJ TI Ultra-high resolution spectroscopy with a Sr-87 optical lattice clock - art. no. 66730C SO Time and Frequency Metrology SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Time and Frequency Metrology CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE optical atomic clocks; precision measurement; optical lattice; frequency comb ID LASER; STABILIZATION; COMPACT; CAVITY AB Recent results from the JILA Sr-87 optical lattice clock are presented. Using the tight. confinement of an optical lattice in combination wit a sub-Hz linewidth diode laser we have achieved a pulse-length limited linewidth of 1.8 Hz for the S-1(0)-P-3(0) clock, transition. This corresponds to a quality factor of Q approximate to 2.4 x 10(14), and is a record for coherent spectroscopy. With the addition of a small magnetic bias field, the high line Q of the clock transition has also allowed us to resolve the nuclear-spin sublevels, and make a precision measurement of the differential Lande g-factor between the S-1(0) and P-3(0). We present the current accuracy and stability of the lattice clock, and in addition, we report on our development of precision tools for the lattice clock, including a stabilized clock laser, fs-comb based technology allowing accurate clock comparison in both the microwave and optical domains, and clock transfer over an optical fiber in an urban environment. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Campbell, GK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012 OI Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967 NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6821-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6673 BP C6730 EP C6730 AR 66730C DI 10.1117/12.734581 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BGX08 UT WOS:000251051000009 ER PT S AU Barber, ZW Hoyt, CW Stalnaker, JE Lemke, N Oates, CW Fortier, TM Diddams, S Hollberg, L AF Barber, Zeb W. Hoyt, Chad W. Stalnaker, Jason E. Lemke, Nathan Oates, Chris W. Fortier, Tara M. Diddams, Scott Hollberg, Leo BE Jones, RJ TI Lattice-based optical clock using an even isotope of Yb - art. no. 66730E SO Time and Frequency Metrology SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Time and Frequency Metrology CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE atomic clocks; metrology; optical lattices; precision spectroscopy ID FREQUENCY MEASUREMENTS; LASER AB We describe progress toward an optical lattice clock based on an even isotope of Yb. The S-1(0) -> P-3(0) clock resonance in Yb-174 is accessed through a magnetically induced spectroscopic technique. Using approximate to 1 mT static magnetic fields and approximate to 10 mu W of probe light power we generate Rabi frequencies of several hertz. The narrow spectroscopic features that result (< 10Hz FWHM) require a highly stabilized laser at the clock transition wavelength of 578nm. We describe a new all solid-state laser system that shows hertz level stability. In order to cancel the slow drift of the cavity, spectroscopy is performed on the clock transition to provide feedback to the laser. Using a Ca neutral atom frequency standard as a reference oscillator,we show high stability and an effective method for investigating clock frequency shift systematics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Barber, ZW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 S Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6821-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6673 BP E6730 EP E6730 AR 66730E DI 10.1117/12.732215 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BGX08 UT WOS:000251051000011 ER PT S AU Newbury, NR Swann, WC Coddington, I Williams, PA AF Newbury, N. R. Swann, W. C. Coddington, I. Williams, P. A. BE Jones, RJ TI Coherent fiber-based frequency combs and CW lasers at 1550 nm SO TIME AND FREQUENCY METROLOGY SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Time and Frequency Metrology CY AUG 29-30, 2007 CL San Diego, CA DE narrow linewidth laser; frequency comb; frequency metrology ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY; PHASE-CONTROL; 1 HZ; NOISE; SYSTEM; SPECTROMETER; GENERATION; LINEWIDTHS; STABILITY; STANDARDS AB Coherent optical sources in the 1550 nm region of the spectrum have a number of applications in frequency metrology, stable frequency transfer, precision spectroscopy and remote sensing. A narrow-linewidth (similar to 1 Hz) single-frequency source can be generated by phase-locking a cw fiber laser to a stable optical cavity. A comb of such narrow linewidth sources can be generated by phase-locking a mode-locked, femtosecond fiber laser to a single narrow cw source. We will discuss the current development of our narrow linewidth cw and pulsed sources at 1550 nm and some of the applications that can benefit from such coherent sources. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6821-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6673 AR 66730H DI 10.1117/12.734250 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Spectroscopy GA BGX08 UT WOS:000251051000014 ER PT J AU Dechraoui, MYB Wang, ZH Ramsdell, JS AF Dechraoui, Marie-Yasmine Bottem Wang, Zhihong Ramsdell, John S. TI Optimization of ciguatoxin extraction method from blood for Pacific ciguatoxin (P-CTX-1) SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE ciguatoxin.; ciguatera; monitoring; blood; dried blood spot; N2A assay; detection ID CARIBBEAN CIGUATOXINS; SODIUM-CHANNELS; BREVETOXINS; FISH; BARRACUDA; TOXINS AB Ciguatera diagnosis relies on clinical observations associated with a recent consumption of fish. Although needed, direct confirmation of exposure in subjects showing ciguatera disease symptoms is currently unavailable. We previously reported that ciguatoxins were measurable in the blood of mice exposed to extracts of Pacific ciguatoxins isolated from Gambierdiscus polynesiensis, and of Indian Ocean or Caribbean Sea ciguatoxins, isolated from fish. Although highly efficient for extracting spiked purified Caribbean-CTX-1, the methanolic extraction method previously described is found here to yield only 6% recovery of spiked Pacific-CTX-1 (P-CTX-1). We report in this short communication a substantially modified method for ciguatoxin extraction from both dried and fresh blood. With this method, toxin measurement is directly accomplished in acetonitrile deproteinated whole fresh blood or phosphate buffer solution (PBS) eluted dried blood using the N2A cell-based assay. Spike studies using increasing concentrations of purified ciguatoxins reveal linear (r(2) above 0.87 for all toxins) and overall efficient toxin recoveries (62%, 96%, and 96% from fresh blood and 75%, 90%, and 74% from dried blood, for C-CTX-1, P-CTX-3C, and P-CTX-1, respectively). Comparative blood matrix analysis for P-CTX-1 recovery shows increased recovery of ciguatoxin activity from whole fresh blood than from dried blood, greater by 20% in P-CTX-1 spiked mice blood and by over 85% in P-CTX-1 exposed mouse blood. In conclusion, both Caribbean and Pacific ciguatoxins can be readily extracted from blood using this modified method; however, in the case of P-CTX-1 we find that fresh blood is optimal. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Bioteoxin Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Ramsdell, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Bioteoxin Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM john.ramsdell@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD JAN PY 2007 VL 49 IS 1 BP 100 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2006.10.002 PG 6 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 128KK UT WOS:000243656400011 ER PT J AU Achord, S Zabel, RW Sandford, BP AF Achord, Stephen Zabel, Richard W. Sandford, Benjamin P. TI Migration timing, growth, and estimated parr-to-smolt survival rates of wild snake river spring-summer Chinook salmon from the salmon river basin, Idaho, to the Lower Snake River SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC SALMON; TEMPERATURE; TROUT; PHOTOPERIOD; ADAPTATION; MORTALITY; STEELHEAD; COLUMBIA; DENSITY AB Survival, growth, and juvenile migration timing are key life history traits for at-risk salmon populations. To estimate these traits in threatened wild Snake River spring-summer Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, we tagged fish as parr in 3-17 natal streams per year from 1991 to 2003. We injected passive integrated transponder tags into part collected from streams within the Salmon River basin in Idaho. Each spring, after the previous summer's tagging, fish were detected as smolts in the juvenile fish bypass systems of lower Snake River darns. Estimated parr-to-smolt survival to Lower Granite Dam (excluding migration year 1992) ranged from 3% to 48% for individual populations and from 8% to 25% (yearly average = 16%) for all streams combined. From 1998 to 2004, estimated parr-to-smolt survival declined from 25% to 8%, in part because of part density-dependent effects. Overall annual average growth rates from tagging to detection at Little Goose Dam ranged from 39.7 to 43.3 mm during 2001-2004, and significant differences in growth were observed among sites and years. Growth of individuals was positively related to elapsed time between tagging and recapture and negatively related to fork length at tagging. Annual migration timing distributions for fish populations from the different streams varied highly within and between years. Timing of the 10th to 90th percentile passing Lower Granite Dam ranged from 20 to 45 d for the combined wild populations (average = 38 d). Median passage date was negatively related to autumn temperature, spring temperature, and March river flow, and was positively related to elevation of the tagging site. Baseline data generated by this project provide a foundation for understanding the biocomplexity of these populations. which is critical to effective recovery efforts for these threatened wild fish stocks. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Achord, S (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM steve.achord@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 45 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 136 IS 1 BP 142 EP 154 DI 10.1577/T05-308.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 137SQ UT WOS:000244312900013 ER PT J AU Pearse, DE Wooninck, L Dean, CA Garza, JC AF Pearse, Devon E. Wooninck, Lisa Dean, Cheryl A. Garza, John Carlos TI Identification of northeastern Pacific rockfish using multilocus nuclear DNA genotypes SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ANCIENT SPECIES FLOCKS; GENUS SEBASTES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; LARVAL ROCKFISHES; GRASS ROCKFISH; SCORPAENIDAE; PATTERNS; INTROGRESSION; RASTRELLIGER AB Molecular genetic analysis has long been used to identify species or populations that other-wise may be difficult to distinguish. More than 100 species of rockfish (genus Sebastes) occur worldwide, and more than 50 species may be found in relatively small regions, such as the Monterey Bay or Channel Islands in central and southern California. Many species are morphologically similar, particularly during the early larval stages, and identification to the species level is time-consuming and problematic for some groups. We describe a simple genetic method for the rapid identification of rockfish species by means of multilocus nuclear genotypes from a panel of six microsatellite loci. Application to a set of known rockfish tissue samples, including fish collected in different parts of their geographic ranges and species not represented in the reference data set, resulted in high assignment accuracy for the represented species and exclusion of the nonrepresented species. Members of the subgenus Pteropodus, for which assignment is difficult with the standard six-locus panel, are accurately identified to the species level with an additional five loci selected for that purpose. Together, these panels correctly assigned 97.4% of the tested individuals from a group of more than 30 species commonly found in central California. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Pearse, DE (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM devon.pearse@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 136 IS 1 BP 272 EP 280 DI 10.1577/T06-051.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 137SQ UT WOS:000244312900023 ER PT J AU Bur, AJ Roth, SC Start, PR Lee, YH Maupin, PH AF Bur, Anthony J. Roth, Steven C. Start, Paul R. Lee, Yu-Hsin Maupin, Paul H. TI Monitoring clay exfoliation during polymer/clay compounding using fluorescence spectroscopy SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF MEASUREMENT AND CONTROL LA English DT Article DE exfoliation; fluorescence spectroscopy; nanoclay composites; nylon; polymer processing; process monitoring ID LAYERED SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; DIELECTRIC-SPECTROSCOPY; MELT; MONTMORILLONITE; INTERCALATION; POLYSTYRENE; DYNAMICS; NYLON-6; POLYAMIDE; EXTENT AB A fluorescent probe molecule, Nile blue perchlorate, was used to monitor the compounding of nylon 11 with clay filler. Prior to compounding, Nile blue was incorporated into the gallery region between silicate layers of the clay by an ion-exchange process. While residing in the gallery, fluorescence from Nile blue was quenched because of fluorescence resorption in a high dye concentration environment. However, when clay is compounded with the nylon, clay exfoliation allowed the dye to escape the gallery region and to become dispersed in the resin matrix. During batch mixing, we observed that fluorescence increased with time indicating that dye molecules were migrating from the gallery. Experiments carried out using a twin-screw extruder to compound resin and clay showed that twin-screw compounding was much more efficient in producing clay exfoliation than was the batch mixer. C1 [Bur, Anthony J.; Roth, Steven C.; Start, Paul R.; Lee, Yu-Hsin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Maupin, Paul H.] US DOE, Off Sci, Off Basic Energy Sci, Washington, DC 20585 USA. RP Bur, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anthony.bur@verizon.net NR 31 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0142-3312 J9 T I MEAS CONTROL JI Trans. Inst. Meas. Control PY 2007 VL 29 IS 5 BP 403 EP 416 DI 10.1177/0142331207073486 PG 14 WC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Automation & Control Systems; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 249BM UT WOS:000252201800003 ER PT B AU Meier, DC Evju, JK Benkstein, KD Raman, B Boger, Z Lahr, DL Semancik, S AF Meier, Douglas C. Evju, Jon K. Benkstein, Kurt D. Raman, Baranidharan Boger, Zvi Lahr, David L. Semancik, Steve GP IEEE TI Enabling MEMS chemical microsensor arrays for trace analyte detection SO TRANSDUCERS '07 & EUROSENSORS XXI, DIGEST OF TECHNICAL PAPERS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Solid-State Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems/21st European Conference on Solid-State Transducers CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Lyon, FRANCE SP CEA, Leti, Minatec, IEEE, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, Elsevier DE array; conductance; MEMS; metal oxide; microhotplate; neural networks; temperature AB We describe the development of a conductometric gas microsensor technology that combines, in an optimized manner, nanostructured sensing films, MEMS microhotplate array platforms, and artificial neural networks signal processing. Individually addressable microelements, including varied semiconducting oxides, are temperature modulated to produce analytically rich data streams that allow recognition of low concentration target analytes in background mixtures. This brief report emphasizes: 1) recently developed selection and processing methods for incorporation of high performance sensing materials on the MEMS platforms, 2) special operational modes and data acquisition approaches for ensuring good signal quality while maximizing information content, and 3) signal analysis techniques that include preprocessing routines and advanced recognition algorithms. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Meier, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steves@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-0841-2 PY 2007 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BGP86 UT WOS:000249603700596 ER PT S AU Warminkhof, R AF Warminkhof, Rik BE Garbe, CS Handler, RA Jahne, B TI The impact of different gas exchange formulations and wind speed products on global air-sea CO2 fluxes SO TRANSPORT AT THE AIR-SEA INTERFACE: MEASUREMENTS, MODELS AND PARAMETRIZATIONS SE Environmental Science and Engineering BS Environmental Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Transport at the Air Sea Interface CY SEP 06-08, 2006 CL Univ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, GERMANY HO Univ Heidelberg ID BOMB RADIOCARBON; CARBON-DIOXIDE; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; TRACERS; BUDGET AB Significant advances have been made over the last decade in estimating air-sea CO2 fluxes over the ocean by the bulk formulation that expresses the flux as the product of the gas transfer velocity and the concentration difference of aqueous CO2 over the liquid boundary layer. This has resulted in a believable global monthly climatology of air-sea CO2 fluxes over the ocean on a 4 degrees by 5 degrees grid [38]. It is shown here that the global air-sea CO2 fluxes are very sensitive to estimates of gas transfer velocity and the parameterization of gas transfer with wind. Wind speeds can now be resolved at sufficient temporal and spatial resolution that they should not limit the estimates, but the absolute magnitudes of winds for different wind products differ significantly. It is recommended to use satellite-derived wind products that have the appropriate resolution instead of assimilated products that often do not appropriately resolve variability on sub-daily and sub-25-km space scales. Parameterizations of gas exchange with wind differ in functional form and magnitude but the difference between the most-used quadratic relationships is about 15%. Based on current estimates of uncertainty of the air-water CO2 concentration differences, the winds, and the gas exchange-wind speed parameterization, each parameter contributes similarly to the overall uncertainty in the flux that is estimated at 25%. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Warminkhof, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NR 45 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1863-5520 BN 978-3-540-36904-2 J9 ENVIRON SCI ENG PY 2007 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BGZ27 UT WOS:000251476500001 ER PT J AU Azarl, H Al-Khateeb, G Shenoy, A Gibson, N AF Azarl, Haleh Al-Khateeb, Ghazl Shenoy, Aroon Gibson, Nelson TI Comparison of simple performance test vertical bar E*vertical bar of accelerated loading facility mixtures and prediction vertical bar E*vertical bar - Use of NCHRP 1-37A and Witczak's new equations SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article AB The dynamic modulus, vertical bar E*vertical bar, of asphalt mixture has recently drawn much attention in the asphalt community. The vertical bar E*vertical bar test has been suggested by NCHRP Projects 9-19 and 9-29 as the simple performance test (SPT) to verify the performance characteristics of Superpave(R) mixture design. In addition, it has been recommended as the potential quality control-quality assurance parameter in the field. The dynamic modulus, vertical bar E*vertical bar, is an input to the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide (M-E PDG) and also supports the predictive performance models developed as part of NCHRP Project 1-37A. The importance of this parameter on one hand and its time-consuming determination on the other hand necessitated reliable prediction of dynamic moduli of asphalt mixtures at different temperatures and loading frequencies. In this respect, a number of predictive equations have been developed. The most widely used model is the NCHRP 1-37A, which is currently used for calculation of I E* in Levels 2 and 3 of M-E PDG. The model has a reasonably good prediction capability of high modulus values; however, it tends to over-predict the moduli at the lower spectrum. This study shows that a recent modification to the NCHRP 1-37A model has improved the overall prediction of vertical bar E*vertical bar but has not significantly improved the overprediction of the lower moduli. While the replacement of the binder viscosity, eta, with the binder shear modulus, vertical bar G(b)*vertical bar, has increased the accuracy of the model, the inclusion of the binder phase angle, delta, in the revised equation was not found to have a significant effect. C1 [Azarl, Haleh] NIST, AASHTO Mat Reference Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Al-Khateeb, Ghazl] Jordan Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Irbid 22110, Jordan. [Gibson, Nelson] HRDI 11, FHWA, Mclean, VA 22101 USA. RP Azarl, H (reprint author), NIST, AASHTO Mat Reference Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8619, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hazari@amrl.net OI Shenoy, Aroon/0000-0003-3066-883X NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 1998 BP 1 EP 9 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 255UQ UT WOS:000252683500001 ER PT J AU Birdsall, AW Guthrie, WS Bentz, DP AF Birdsall, Aimee W. Guthrie, W. Spencer Bentz, Dale P. TI Effects of initial surface treatment timing on chloride concentrations in concrete bridge decks SO TRANSPORTATION RESEARCH RECORD LA English DT Article ID DIFFUSION; CORROSION AB In consideration of concrete cover thickness and the presence of stay-in-place metal forms (SIPMFs), research was done to determine the latest timing of initial surface treatment applications on concrete bridge decks subjected to external chloride loading before chlorides accumulate in sufficient quantities to initiate corrosion of the reinforcing steel. Chloride concentration data for this research were collected from 12 concrete bridge decks located within the Interstate 215 corridor in Salt Lake City, Utah. Numerical modeling was used to generate a chloride loading function and to determine the diffusion coefficient of each deck.. On the basis of average diffusion coefficients for decks with and without SIPMFs, chloride concentration profiles were computed through time for cover thicknesses of 2.0 in. (50.8 mm), 2.5 in. (63.5 mm), and 3.0 in. (76.2 mm). The results of the work show that the average diffusion coefficient for bridge decks with SIPMFs is approximately twice that of decks without SIPMFs and that, on average, each additional 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) of cover beyond 2.0 in. allows an extra 2 years for decks with SIPMFs and 5 years for decks without SIPMFs before a surface treatment must be placed to prevent excessive accumulation of chlorides. Although the data generated in this research are based on conditions typical of bridge decks in Utah, they clearly illustrate the effect of cover depth and the presence of SIPMFs. This information may be especially valuable to bridge engineers and managers responsible for programming surface treatments on concrete bridge decks. C1 [Birdsall, Aimee W.; Guthrie, W. Spencer] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Bentz, Dale P.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Inorgan Mat Grp, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guthrie, WS (reprint author), Brigham Young Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, 368 Clyde Bldg, Provo, UT 84602 USA. EM guthrie@byu.edu RI Guthrie, William/A-6233-2013 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0361-1981 J9 TRANSP RES RECORD JI Transp. Res. Record PY 2007 IS 2028 BP 103 EP 110 DI 10.3141/2028-12 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Transportation; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Transportation GA 260HX UT WOS:000253002500012 ER PT J AU Schwartz, MK Luikart, G Waples, RS AF Schwartz, Michael K. Luikart, Gordon Waples, Robin S. TI Genetic monitoring as a promising tool for conservation and management SO TRENDS IN ECOLOGY & EVOLUTION LA English DT Review ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; TROUT SALMO-TRUTTA; WESTSLOPE CUTTHROAT TROUT; MARK-RECAPTURE; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS; MICROSATELLITE DNA; SEED BANK; NORTH-SEA AB In response to ever-increasing anthropogenic changes to natural ecosystems, regional, national and international organizations have established guidelines for monitoring biological diversity. Most monitoring programs, however, do not take full advantage of the potential afforded by molecular genetic markers, which can provide information relevant to both ecological and evolutionary time frames, while costing less and being more sensitive and reliable than traditional monitoring approaches. As several molecular and computational approaches are relatively new, many technical and theoretical issues remain to be resolved. Here, we illustrate how DNA and population genetic data can provide valuable information, often unattainable via other approaches, for monitoring species of management, conservation and ecological interest. C1 USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. Univ Porto, Ctr Invest Biodivers & Genet Resources, P-4485661 Oporto, Portugal. Univ Montana, Div Biol Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Schwartz, MK (reprint author), USDA, Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, 800 E Beckwith Ave, Missoula, MT 59801 USA. EM mkschwartz@fs.fed.us RI Schwartz, Michael/C-3184-2014; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016; OI Schwartz, Michael/0000-0003-3521-3367; Luikart, Gordon/0000-0001-8697-0582 NR 85 TC 441 Z9 458 U1 22 U2 235 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE LONDON PI LONDON PA 84 THEOBALDS RD, LONDON WC1X 8RR, ENGLAND SN 0169-5347 J9 TRENDS ECOL EVOL JI Trends Ecol. Evol. PD JAN PY 2007 VL 22 IS 1 BP 25 EP 33 DI 10.1016/j.tree.2006.08.009 PG 9 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 126YZ UT WOS:000243552900008 PM 16962204 ER PT B AU Weiss, R Wimnemann, K AF Weiss, Robert Wimnemann, Kai BE Kundu, A TI Large waves caused by oceanic impacts of meteorites SO TSUNAMI AND NONLINEAR WAVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Meeting on Tsunami and Nonlinear Waves CY MAR 06-10, 2006 CL Saha Inst Nucl Phys, Calcutta, INDIA HO Saha Inst Nucl Phys ID OBLIQUE IMPACTS; SIMULATIONS; STRENGTH; POROSITY; FIELD; ROCK C1 [Weiss, Robert] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Wimnemann, Kai] Humboldt Univ, Museum Naturkunde, Inst Mineral, D-10115 Berlin, Germany. RP Weiss, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM weiszr@u.washington.edu; kai.wuennemann@museum.hu-berlin.de OI Weiss, Robert/0000-0002-7168-5401 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232]; DFG [WU 355/5-1] FX This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No.NA17RJ1232, Contribution No. 1393 and DFG-Grant WU 355/5-1. NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-71255-8 PY 2007 BP 237 EP + DI 10.1007/978-3-540-71256-5_11 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics, Mathematical SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Physics GA BGJ70 UT WOS:000247660700011 ER PT S AU Intriligator, DS Rees, A Horbury, T Sun, W Detman, T Dryer, M Deehr, C Intriligator, J AF Intriligator, Devrie S. Rees, Adam Horbury, Timothy Sun, Wei Detman, Thomas Dryer, Murray Deehr, Charles Intriligator, James BE Shaikh, D Zank, GP TI 3D modeling and turbulence: from the Sun to Voyager 1 SO TURBULENCE AND NONLINEAR PROCESSES IN ASTROPHYSICAL PLASMAS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Annual International Astrophysics Conference CY MAR 16-22, 2007 CL Oahu, HI SP IGPP UCR, Los Alamos Natl Lab, UCLA IGPP, Solana Sci DE solar variability effects; solar wind plasma & fields; interplanetary magnetic fields; discontinuities; energetic particles; cosmic rays; turbulence ID COROTATING INTERACTION REGIONS; STREAM INTERFACES; SOLAR-WIND; ENERGETIC IONS AB We compare in-situ observations at ACE and Ulysses with simulation results obtained from two different 3D models. Specifically, we look at results from the time dependent full 3D MHD HHMS model and also from the quick-look tool: the 3D HAFv2 kinematic model. These comparisons provide insights into the 3D propagation of interplanetary shocks. We find excellent agreement between results from our 3D models and spacecraft data. Our results also suggest that Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 continue to observe the effects of solar-induced shocks, The presence of planar magnetic structures is found from ACE to Voyager I in association with the Halloween 2003 events. These results are consistent with large-scale compressions and may have possible consequences for cosmic ray modulation. The results of our models, along with numerous in-situ observations, illustrate several aspects of interplanetary shock propagation that have implications for future modeling efforts. First, only continuous 3D models can accurately capture the dramatic asymmetries that often evolve over time. Second, although in-situ observations (at Earth, L-1. etc.) are unquestionably valuable (e.g., for helping to refine or "tune" a model), because shock-induced effects may sometimes miss a location entirely, any model (113, 2D, or even 313) that relies only on such observations can often make seriously erroneous predictions. Third, along the same lines, any attempt to model the propagation of solar phenomena must begin this propagation at the source - the Sun. And, finally, because such propagation is going to be heavily dependent on the state of the medium through which it is propagating, models must incorporate this pre-event state. Thus, we emphasize the importance of using these primary solar source data as continuous inputs into models that extrapolate in three dimensions phenomena from the solar surface throughout the heliosphere and into the heliosheath. C1 [Intriligator, Devrie S.; Intriligator, James] Carmel Res Ctr, POB 1732, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. [Rees, Adam; Horbury, Timothy] Imperial Coll Sch Med, London, England. [Sun, Wei; Deehr, Charles] Univ Alabama, Geophy Inst, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Detman, Thomas; Dryer, Murray] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Kuntsville 35806, AL USA. [Detman, Thomas; Dryer, Murray] NOAA Space Environm Ctr, Boulder 80305, CO USA. [Intriligator, James] Univ Wales Coll Cardiff, Cardiff CF1 3NS, S Glam, Wales. RP Intriligator, DS (reprint author), Carmel Res Ctr, POB 1732, Santa Monica, CA 90406 USA. FU Carmel Research Center; Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK) FX We thank the Voyager, ACE, and Ulysses teams and the NSSDC for the particle, solar wind, and IMF data, and trajectory information. The work by DSI and JI was supported by Carmel Research Center. Heliophysics research at Imperial College London is supported by the Science and Technology Facilities Council (UK). NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0443-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 932 BP 167 EP + PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA BGX51 UT WOS:000251152400023 ER PT S AU Jones, RJ Moll, K Thorpe, M Ye, J AF Jones, R. Jason Moll, Kevin Thorpe, Michael Ye, Jun BE Watanabe, S Midorikawa, K TI High-harmonic generation at 100 MHz repetition frequency using a femtosecond enhancement cavity SO ULTRAFAST OPTICS V SE Springer Series in Optical Sciences LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Conference on Ultrafast Optics V and Applications of High Field and Short Wavelength Sources XI CY SEP, 2005 CL Nara, JAPAN SP Ogasawara Fdn Promot Sci & Engn, Nara Convent Bureau, Futaba Elec Memorial Fnd ID PASSIVE OPTICAL CAVITY; PULSE AMPLIFICATION; RARE-GASES; METROLOGY; RADIATION; COMBS C1 [Jones, R. Jason] Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jones, RJ (reprint author), Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rjjones@jilau1.colorado.edu NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 0342-4111 BN 978-0-387-49117-2 J9 SPRINGER SER OPT SCI PY 2007 VL 132 BP 59 EP + PG 2 WC Optics SC Optics GA BGH95 UT WOS:000247070800007 ER PT S AU Tobey, RI Siemens, ME Cohen, O Li, Q Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Nelson, KA AF Tobey, Ra'anan I. Siemens, Mark E. Cohen, Oren Li, Qing Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. Nelson, Keith A. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Ultrafast extreme ultraviolet holography: Dynamic monitoring of surface deformation SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB We extend the use of Gabor Holography with Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) Radiation to study surface deformations on ultrafast timescales. The use of EUV light allows for surface sensitive probing with sub-Angstrom displacement resolution and sub-100fs time resolution. (C) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 [Tobey, Ra'anan I.; Siemens, Mark E.; Cohen, Oren; Li, Qing; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tobey, Ra'anan I.; Siemens, Mark E.; Cohen, Oren; Li, Qing; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tobey, Ra'anan I.; Siemens, Mark E.; Cohen, Oren; Li, Qing; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Tobey, Ra'anan I.; Siemens, Mark E.; Cohen, Oren; Li, Qing; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] NSF Engn Res Ctr Extreme Ultraviolet Sci & Techno, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Nelson, Keith A.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Tobey, RI (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Tobey@ucsub.colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 42 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700014 ER PT S AU Zhou, XB Kapteyn, H Murnane, M AF Zhou, Xibin Kapteyn, Henry Murnane, Margaret BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI MHz-rate white light generation using a novel positive-dispersion cavity-dumped Ti: sapphire laser SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID LOCKED TI-AL2O3 LASER AB We obtain 0.45 mu J pulse from a cavity-dumped Ti: sapphire oscillator stably operating in the positive-dispersion regime. The pulse can be compressed to 60-fs using a prisms pair, and can generate white light continuum through self-filamentation. C1 [Zhou, Xibin; Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhou, Xibin; Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhou, Xibin; Kapteyn, Henry; Murnane, Margaret] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zhou, XB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM kapteyn@jila.colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 104 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700034 ER PT S AU Ye, J Jones, RJ Thorpe, MJ Moll, KD Yost, D Schibli, T Hudson, DD AF Ye, Jun Jones, R. Jason Thorpe, Michael J. Moll, Kevin D. Yost, Dylan Schibli, Thomas Hudson, Darren D. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Femtosecond enhancement cavity - direct frequency comb spectroscopy and coherent extreme nonlinear optics SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB To prepare for future experiments on coherent spectroscopy and quantum control in the VUV spectral regions, we have pursued direct frequency comb spectroscopy and generation of phase coherent VUV frequency combs. High-finesse, low-dispersion passive optical cavities are used to enhance the power of femtosecond pulses for extreme nonlinear optics and to increase detection sensitivity for spectroscopy. C1 [Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Springs, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Ye@jila.colorado.edu FU AFOSR; ONR; NSF; MIST FX We thank AFOSR, ONR, NSF, and MIST for support. We also thank S. Blatt, M. Boyd, S. Foreman, T. Ido, A. Ludlow, and T. Zelevinsky on Sr work, M. Stowe, A. Peer, and A. Marian on direct frequency comb spectroscopy, and F. Krausz (MPQ) and I. Hard (IMRA) for collaborations. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 121 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700039 ER PT S AU Quraishi, Q Diddams, S Hollberg, L AF Quraishi, Qudsia Diddams, Scott Hollberg, Leo BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Spectral dependence of phase noise of stabilized optical frequency combs SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS AB We present the spectral dependence of the phase noise between two optical frequency combs that are frequency shifted from each other by their offset frequencies and both stabilized to the same optical reference. C1 [Quraishi, Qudsia] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Quraishi, Qudsia; Diddams, Scott; Hollberg, Leo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Quraishi, Q (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM qudsia.quraishi@colorado.edu RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 139 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700045 ER PT S AU Kane, S Tortajada, F Dinger, H Touzet, B Huff, R Squier, J Durfee, C Gibson, E Jimenez, R Gaudiosi, D Kapteyn, H AF Kane, Steve Tortajada, Fred Dinger, Herb Touzet, Bruno Huff, Rachel Squier, Jeff Durfee, Charles Gibson, Emily Jimenez, Ralph Gaudiosi, David Kapteyn, Henry BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Design and fabrication of efficient reflection grisms for pulse compression and dispersion compensation SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID GRATING-PAIR AB Efficient reflection grisms for pulse compression and material-dispersion compensation have been designed and demonstrated in a CPA system. Designs for 800-nm and 1030-nm ultrafast applications are characterized using off-the-shelf diffraction gratings. C1 [Kane, Steve; Tortajada, Fred; Dinger, Herb; Touzet, Bruno] HORIBA Jobin Yvon, 3880 Pk Ave, Edison, NJ 08820 USA. [Huff, Rachel; Squier, Jeff; Durfee, Charles] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gibson, Emily; Jimenez, Ralph; Gaudiosi, David; Kapteyn, Henry] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kane, S (reprint author), HORIBA Jobin Yvon, 3880 Pk Ave, Edison, NJ 08820 USA. EM steve.kane@jobinyvon.com RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 169 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700054 ER PT S AU Gibson, EA Schafer, D Amir, W Marr, DWM Squier, J Jimenez, R AF Gibson, Emily A. Schafer, Dawn Amir, Wafa Marr, David W. M. Squier, Jeff Jimenez, Ralph BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI A novel fast-mixing microfluidic device for studying nonequilibrium systems using femtosecond spectroscopies SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer AB We demonstrate the first femtosecond spectroscopy measurements in a microfluidic device. The microfluidic device is characterized using two-photon fluorescence and computer simulations, and pulse propagation through the high N.A. objective is characterized with spectral interferometry. C1 [Gibson, Emily A.; Jimenez, Ralph] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schafer, Dawn; Amir, Wafa; Squier, Jeff] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Marr, David W. M.] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Gibson, EA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM emily.gibson@colorado.edu FU NSF [DBI-0454686]; NRC FX This work was supported by NSF grant DBI-0454686. E. A. Gibson acknowledges support from the NRC postdoctoral fellowship program. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 172 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700055 ER PT S AU To, TT Duke, CB Burkey, TJ Heilweill, EJ AF To, Tung T. Duke, Charles B., III Burkey, Theodore J. Heilweill, Edwin J. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Ultrafast chelation dynamics of model photoswitches: Cyclopentadienyl manganese and arene chromium tricarbonyl derivatives with pendant sulfides SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID COMPLEXES AB The chelation dynamics of [Mn{eta(5)-C5H4C(O)R}(CO)(3)] and [Cr{eta(6)- C6H5C(O)R}(CO)(3)] (R=CH2(SCH3), CH(SCH3)(2), C(SCH3)(3)) in solution were investigated on the picosecond timescale by UV-pump IR-probe transient absorption spectroscopy. Tailoring the side chain structure and solvent environment influences the reaction rates and chelation pathways. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Open Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Duke, Charles B., III; Burkey, Theodore J.] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. RP To, TT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Open Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.heilweil@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 261 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700084 ER PT S AU Zhang, TH Li, XQ Cundiff, ST Mirin, RP Kuznetsova, I AF Zhang, Tianhao Li, Xiaoqin Cundiff, S. T. Mirin, R. P. Kuznetsova, I. BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Polarized optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectroscopy of semiconductors SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID QUANTUM-WELLS AB The polarization dependence of optical two-dimensional Fourier transform spectra of excitons and continuum in a GaAs quantum well probes the interplay between many-body interactions and disorder and the fundamental nature of the continuum states. C1 [Zhang, Tianhao; Li, Xiaoqin] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cundiff, S. T.; Mirin, R. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Colorado Springs, CO 80305 USA. [Kuznetsova, I.] Philipps Univ, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. RP Zhang, TH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 368 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700119 ER PT S AU Lorenz, VO Cundiff, ST Zhuang, W Mukamel, S AF Lorenz, Virginia O. Cundiff, Steven T. Zhuang, Wei Mukamel, Shaul BE Corkum, P Jonas, D Miller, RJD Weiner, AM TI Three-pulse photon echo in a dense potassium vapor SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XV SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Opt Soc Amer ID DYNAMICS AB Time-integrated three-pulse photon echo (3PE) and time-resolved 3PE measurements in a dense potassium vapor reveal clear signatures of non-Markovian dynamics. We pursue a molecular dynamics simulation to study the resonance effects contributing to the response. C1 [Lorenz, Virginia O.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lorenz, Virginia O.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhuang, Wei; Mukamel, Shaul] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Lorenz, VO (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-68779-5 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2007 VL 88 BP 549 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BGR37 UT WOS:000250104700177 ER PT S AU Szabo, S Norcross, RJ Falco, JA AF Szabo, S. Norcross, R. J. Falco, J. A. BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Objective test and performance measurement of automotive crash warning systems - art. no. 65610J SO Unmanned Systems Technology IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE vehicle-warning system; crash prevention; objective test; performance measurement AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), under an interagency agreement with the United States Department of Transportation (DOT), is supporting development of objective test and measurement procedures for vehicle-based warning systems intended to warn an inattentive driver of imminent rear-end, road-departure and lane-change crash scenarios. The work includes development of track and on-road test procedures, and development of an independent measurement system, which together provide data for evaluating warning system performance. This paper will provide an overview of DOT's Integrated Vehicle-Based Safety System (IVBSS) program along with a review of the approach for objectively testing and measuring warning system performance. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Szabo, S (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6683-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6561 BP J5610 EP J5610 AR 65610J DI 10.1117/12.719419 PG 8 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL74 UT WOS:000248227700016 ER PT S AU Jacoff, A Messina, E AF Jacoff, Adam Messina, Elena BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Urban search and rescue robot performance standards: progress update - art. no. 65611L SO Unmanned Systems Technology IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE urban search and rescue; robots; performance standards; performance metrics; homeland security; response robots AB In this paper, we describe work in performance standards for urban search and rescue (USAR) robots, begun in 2004 by the Department of Homeland Security. This program is being coordinated by the National Institute of Standards and Technology and will result in consensus standards developed through ASTM International, under the Operational Equipment Subcommittee of their Homeland Security Committee. A comprehensive approach to performance requirements and standards development is being used in this project. Formal test methods designed by several working groups in the standards task group are validated by the stakeholders. These tests are complemented by regular exercises in which responders and robot manufacturers work together to apply robots within realistic training scenarios. This paper recaps the most recent exercise, held at the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) Maryland Task Force I training facility, at which over twenty different robots were operated by responders from various FEMA Task Forces. The exercise included candidate standard test methods being developed for requirements in the areas of communications, mobility, sensors, and human-system interaction for USAR robots. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacoff, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6683-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6561 BP L5611 EP L5611 AR 65611L DI 10.1117/12.719692 PG 12 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL74 UT WOS:000248227700046 ER PT S AU Balakirsky, S Scrapper, C Carpin, S Lewis, M AF Balakirsky, Stephen Scrapper, Chris Carpin, Stefano Lewis, Mike BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI USARSim: A RoboCup virtual urban search and rescue competition - art. no. 65611M SO Unmanned Systems Technology IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE USAR; multi-agent; robotics; competition; RoboCup; USARSim; performance metrics ID SYSTEMS AB Research efforts in Urban Search And Rescue (USAR) robotics have grown substantially in recent years. A virtual USAR robotic competition was established in 2006 under the RoboCup umbrella to foster collaboration amongst institutions and to provide benchmark test environments for system evaluation. In this paper we describe the physics based software simulation framework that is used in this competition and the rules and performance metrics used to determine the league's winner. The framework allows for the realistic modeling of robots, sensors, and actuators, as well as complex, unstructured, dynamic environments. Multiple heterogeneous agents can be concurrently placed in the simulation environment thus allowing for team or group evaluations. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balakirsky, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6683-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6561 BP M5611 EP M5611 AR 65611M DI 10.1117/12.720735 PG 11 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL74 UT WOS:000248227700047 ER PT S AU Huang, HM Pavek, K Ragon, M Jones, J Messina, E Albus, J AF Huang, Hui-Min Pavek, Kerry Ragon, Mark Jones, Jeffry Messina, Elena Albus, James BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Characterizing unmanned system autonomy: Contextual autonomous capability and level of autonomy analyses - art. no. 65611N SO Unmanned Systems Technology IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE autonomous system; autonomy; environment; human independence (HI); human robot interaction (HRI); metrics; mission; task; unmanned system (UMS) AB The Autonomy Levels for Unmanned Systems (ALFUS) workshop series was convened to address the autonomous nature of unmanned, robotic systems, or unmanned systems (UMS). Practitioners have different perceptions or different expectations for these systems. The requirements on human interactions, the types of tasks, the teaming of the UMSs and the humans, and the operating environment are just a few of the issues that need to be clarified. Also needed is a set of definitions and a model with which the autonomous capability of the UMS can be described. This paper reports the current results and status of the ALFUS framework, which practitioners can apply to analyze the autonomy requirements and to evaluate the performance of their robotic programs. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, HM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Messina, Elena/0000-0002-1727-9357 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6683-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6561 BP N5611 EP N5611 AR 65611N DI 10.1117/12.719894 PG 9 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL74 UT WOS:000248227700048 ER PT S AU Schlenoff, C Kootbally, Z Madhavan, R AF Schlenoff, C. Kootbally, Z. Madhavan, R. BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Driver aggressivity analysis within the prediction in dynamic environments (PRIDE) framework - art. no. 65611O SO Unmanned Systems Technology IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE PRIDE; aggressivity; moving object prediction; traffic simulation AB PRIDE is a hierarchical multiresolutional framework for moving object prediction that incorporates multiple prediction algorithms into a single, unifying framework. PRIDE is based upon the 4D/RCS (Real-time Control System) reference model architecture and provides information to planners at the level of granularity that is appropriate for their planning horizon. This framework supports the prediction of the future location of moving objects at various levels of resolution, thus providing prediction information at the frequency and level of abstraction necessary for planners at different levels within the hierarchy. To date, two prediction approaches have been applied to this framework. In this paper, we provide an overview of the PRIDE (Prediction in Dynamic Environments) framework and describe the approach that has been used to model different aggressivities of drivers. We then explore different agressivily models to determine their impact on the location predictions that are provided through the PRIDE framework. We also describe recent efforts to implement PRIDE in USARSim, which provides high-fidelity simulation of robots and environments based on the Unreal Tournament game engine. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schlenoff, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, 100 Bureau Dr Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6683-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6561 BP O5611 EP O5611 AR 65611O DI 10.1117/12.719303 PG 12 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL74 UT WOS:000248227700049 ER PT S AU Lytle, AM Szabo, S Cheok, G Saidi, K Norcross, R AF Lytle, Alan M. Szabo, Sandor Cheok, Gerry Saidi, Kamel Norcross, Rick BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Performance evaluation of a 3D imaging system for vehicle safety - art. no. 65611Q SO Unmanned Systems Technology IX SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE 3D imaging system; LADAR; performance evaluation; sensor characterization AB The NIST Construction Metrology and Automation Group (CMAG), in cooperation with the NIST Intelligent Systems Division (ISD), is developing performance metrics and standard tests for the evaluation of 3D imaging systems used in autonomous mobility applications 1,2. This work supports the broader effort to develop open, consensus-based performance evaluation standards for a wide range of 3D imaging systems and applications through the ASTM E57 Committee on 3D Imaging Systems. This report presents initial efforts to characterize the range performance of a 3D imaging sensor that will be used in a performance measurement system for crash prevention and safety systems. Factors examined include range, target reflectance, target angle of incidence, and sensor azimuth. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lytle, AM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6683-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2007 VL 6561 BP Q5611 EP Q5611 AR 65611Q DI 10.1117/12.719526 PG 9 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL74 UT WOS:000248227700051 ER PT S AU Foedisch, M Madhavan, R Schlenoff, C AF Foedisch, M. Madhavan, R. Schlenoff, C. BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Symbolic percept ion-based autonomous driving in dynamic environments using 4D/RCS SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY IX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology IX CY APR 09-12, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE 4D/RCS; symbolic representations; geometric representations; on-road driving; performance analysis; performance evaluation AB 4D/RCS is a hierarchical architecture designed for the control of intelligent systems. One of the main areas that 4D/RCS has been applied to recently is the control of autonomous vehicles. To accomplish this, a hierarchical decomposition of on-road driving activities has been performed which has resulted in implementation of 4D/RCS tailored towards this application. This implementation has seven layers and ranges from a journey manager which determines the order of the places you wish to drive to, through a destination manager which provides turn-by-turn directions on how to get to a destination, through a route segment, drive behavior, elemental maneuver, goal path trajectory, and then finally to servo controllers. In this paper, we show, within the 4D/RCS architecture, how knowledge-driven top-down symbolic representations combined with low-level bottom-up tasks can synergistically provide valuable information for on-road driving better than what is possible with either of them alone. We demonstrate these ideas using field data obtained from an Unmanned Ground Vehicle (UGV) traversing urban on-road environments. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Foedisch, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.schlenoff@nist.gov NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6683-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2007 VL 6561 AR 65611T DI 10.1117/12.720225 PG 12 WC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Robotics; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BGL74 UT WOS:000248227700054 ER PT S AU Grinstein, G Plaisant, C Laskowski, S O'Connell, T Scholtz, J Whiting, M AF Grinstein, Georges Plaisant, Catherine Laskowski, Sharon O'Connell, Theresa. Scholtz, Jean Whiting, Mark BE Ribarsky, W Dill, J TI VAST 2007 contest - Blue iguanodon SO VAST: IEEE SYMPOSIUM ON VISUAL ANALYTICS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2007, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE Conference on Visual Analytics Science and Technology LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Symposium on Visual Analytics Science and Technology CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2007 CL Sacramento, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc Visualizat & Graph Tech Comm, ACM SIGGRAPH DE visual analytics; human information interaction; sense making; evaluation; metrics; contest; H.5.2 [information interfaces & presentations]; user interfaces; graphical user interfaces (GUI) AB Visual analytics experts realize that one effective way to push the field forward and to develop metrics for measuring the performance of various visual analytics components is to hold an annual competition. The second Visual Analytics Science and Technology (VAST) contest was held in conjunction with the 2007 IEEE VAST Symposium. In this contest participants were to use visual analytic tools to explore a large heterogeneous data collection to construct a scenario and find evidence buried in the data of illegal and terrorist activities that were occurring. A synthetic data set was made available as well as tasks. In this paper we describe some of the advances we have made from the first competition held in 2006. C1 [Grinstein, Georges] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Plaisant, Catherine] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD USA. [Laskowski, Sharon; O'Connell, Theresa.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Scholtz, Jean; Whiting, Mark] Pacific Northwest Natl Lab, Richland, WA USA. RP Grinstein, G (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM grinstein@cs.uml.edu; plaisant@cs.umd.edu; sharon.laskowski@nist.gov; toconnell@nist.gov; jean.scholtz@pnl.com; mark.a.whiting@pni.gov RI Scholtz, Jean/E-8955-2013 FU National Visualization and Analytics Center TM (NVAC TM ); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, WA; U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute [DE-AC05- 76RL01830]; Disruptive Technology Office FX This work was supported in part by the National Visualization and Analytics Center TM (NVAC TM ) located at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory in Richland, WA. The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is managed for the U.S. Department of Energy by Battelle Memorial Institute under Contract DE-AC05- 76RL01830 . It was also supported in part by the Disruptive Technology Office. NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 2325-9442 BN 978-1-4244-1659-2 J9 IEEE CONF VIS ANAL PY 2007 BP 231 EP + DI 10.1109/VAST.2007.4389032 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHB44 UT WOS:000252077300039 ER PT S AU Gentile, TR Dewey, MS Fisher, BM Mumm, H Nico, JS Thompson, AK Chupp, TE Cooper, RL Kremsky, I Wietfeldt, RE Beise, EJ Breuer, H Hood, J Kiriluk, KG McGonagle, M Byrne, J Coakley, KJ AF Gentile, T. R. Dewey, M. S. Fisher, B. M. Mumm, Hy Nico, J. S. Thompson, A. K. Chupp, T. E. Cooper, R. L. Kremsky, I. Wietfeldt, R. E. Beise, E. J. Breuer, H. Hood, J. Kiriluk, K. G. McGonagle, M. Byrne, J. Coakley, K. J. BE Alarcon, R Cole, PL Djalali, C Umeres, F TI Radiative decay of the free neutron SO VII LATIN AMERICAN SYMPOSIUM ON NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Latin American Symposium on Nuclear Physics and Applications CY JUN 11-16, 2007 CL Cusco, PERU SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Phys Latin Amer Ctr DE beta decay; neutron; NIST; photodiode; radiative; spin filters; standard model; weak interactions ID PHYSICS AB The theory of quantum electrodynamics predicts that beta decay of the neutron into a proton, electron, and antineutrino should be accompanied by a continuous spectrum of soft photons. We recently reported the first observation of this radiative decay mode of the neutron, measured by recording photons in coincidence with both the electron and proton emitted in neutron decay. The experiment was performed on the NG-6 Fundamental Physics Beam Line at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Center for Neutron Research (NCNR). A new experiment is under development to measure both the branching ratio and energy spectrum for radiative decay with a relative standard uncertainty of a few percent. We briefly review the fundamental neutron physics program at the NCNR and describe the new radiative decay experiment. C1 [Gentile, T. R.; Dewey, M. S.; Fisher, B. M.; Mumm, Hy; Nico, J. S.; Thompson, A. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chupp, T. E.; Cooper, R. L.; Kremsky, I.; Wietfeldt, R. E.; Beise, E. J.; Breuer, H.; Hood, J.; Kiriluk, K. G.; McGonagle, M.; Byrne, J.; Coakley, K. J.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Gentile, TR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Commerce; U.S. Department of Energy; National Science Foundation FX We thank Susan Gardner from the University of Kentucky for useful discussions and her interest in this work. In addition, the first author (TRG) thanks Robert Vest and Richard Farrell for useful conversations about the low energy detection efficiency of APDs. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron facilities used in this work. This research was made possible in part by grants from the U.S. Department of Energy and the National Science Foundation. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0461-8 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 947 BP 221 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA BGY33 UT WOS:000251337400037 ER PT J AU Mearns, AJ Reish, DJ Oshida, PS Buchman, M Ginn, T Donnelly, R AF Mearns, Alan J. Reish, Donald J. Oshida, Philip S. Buchman, Michael Ginn, Thomas Donnelly, Robert TI Effects of pollution on marine organisms SO WATER ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH LA English DT Review ID PRESTIGE OIL-SPILL; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; TRUNCULARIOPSIS TRUNCULUS GASTROPODA; LAGOON ALGARVE COAST; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; NUCELLA-LAPILLUS L.; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS; SEDIMENT TOXICITY ASSESSMENT C1 [Mearns, Alan J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Emergency Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Reish, Donald J.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. [Oshida, Philip S.] US EPA, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Buchman, Michael] NOAA, Assessment & Restorat Div, Seattle, WA USA. [Ginn, Thomas] Exponent Inc, Sedona, AZ USA. [Donnelly, Robert] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Mearns, AJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Emergency Response Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alan.mearns@noaa.gov NR 349 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 4 U2 29 PU WATER ENVIRONMENT FEDERATION PI ALEXANDRIA PA 601 WYTHE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1994 USA SN 1061-4303 J9 WATER ENVIRON RES JI Water Environ. Res. PY 2007 VL 79 IS 10 BP 2102 EP 2160 DI 10.2175/106143007X218683 PG 59 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 250LI UT WOS:000252301200034 ER PT B AU Treado, S Vinh, A Holmberg, D Galler, M AF Treado, Stephen Vinh, Alan Holmberg, David Galler, Michael BE Callaos, N Lesso, W Zinn, CD Yang, H Szygenda, S Fujikawa, T Longstaff, P TI Building information for emergency responders SO WMSCI 2007: 11TH WORLD MULTI-CONFERENCE ON SYSTEMICS, CYBERNETICS AND INFORMATICS, VOL III, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th World Multi-Conference on Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics/13th International Conference on Information Systems Analysis and Synthesis CY JUL 08-11, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Int Inst Informat & System DE access control; authentication; buildings; control systems; emergency responders; protocol; security AB This paper describes a methodology for controlling access to building information to approved external entities such as police, fire and public safety officials. Building automation systems frequently monitor critical building information, including the status of alarms, locations of occupants, thermal and air quality conditions that could be extremely useful to emergency responders and incident commanders in the event of a building emergency. Therefore, it is desirable to provide a mechanism to enable public safety officials to access this building information, while at the same time preventing unauthorized access and use of the information. The methodology developed to provide this functionality includes a building information and control system (BISACS) server, and standardized data modeling of the building automation system (BAS) using enhancements to the BACnet protocol. The description includes the requirements for the underlying information models, components, inter-faces and functionality to provide secure remote access to building information to authorized users. C1 [Treado, Stephen; Vinh, Alan; Holmberg, David; Galler, Michael] NIST, Bldg Environm Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-934272-17-6 PY 2007 BP 324 EP 329 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Education & Educational Research; Ergonomics; Information Science & Library Science SC Computer Science; Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Information Science & Library Science GA BHN84 UT WOS:000254643400059 ER PT S AU Krayzman, V Levin, I Woicik, JC AF Krayzman, Victor Levin, Igor Woicik, Joseph C. BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI TiK-XANES analysis of the cation distribution in the CaTi1-xZrxO3 solid solutions SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE perovskite-like solid solutions; pre-edge structure; cation distribution ID SPECTRA AB The effects of local B-cation distribution and octahedral tilting on the pre-edge structure in the Ti X-ray absorption K-spectra of the CaTi1-xZrxO3 perovskite solid solutions were investigated. Experimental spectra for the disordered CaTi1-xZrxO3 samples revealed a systematic variation of the pre-edge peak intensities with the x-values. Multiple scattering calculations using 75-atom clusters Ti(TiO6)(6-n)(ZrO6)(n)Ca8O24 were conducted to interpret these differences. The calculations reproduced the experimental spectra and demonstrated that the differences in the pre-edge feature intensities are dominated by the probability of finding a Zr atom in the 1(st) B-cation coordination sphere around the absorbing Ti. The pre-edge structure appeared to be sensitive to even small changes in the value of this probability, so that the pre-edge intensities could be used effectively to compare the extent of local B-site order in perovskite solid solution samples having similar chemical composition but processed differently. C1 [Krayzman, Victor; Levin, Igor; Woicik, Joseph C.] NIST, Ceram Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Krayzman, V (reprint author), NIST, Ceram Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 434 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900126 ER PT S AU Zhang, K Rosenbaum, G Liu, Q Fischer, D AF Zhang, Ke Rosenbaum, Gerd Liu, Qian Fischer, Daniel BE Hedman, B Painetta, P TI Performance of multilayer array analyzer detector in the intermediate energy region (1 KeV to 3 KeV) SO X-RAY ABSORPTION FINE STRUCTURE-XAFS13 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on X-Ray Absorption Fine Structure (XAFS13) CY JUL 09-14, 2006 CL Stanford, CA SP Int XAFS Soc DE graded multilayers; analyzer; x-ray fluorescence; intermediate x-ray energy AB It is natural to use multilayer analyzers as energy resolving x-ray fluorescence detectors in the lower energy region. The analyzer array detectors can afford large detection solid angle, superb energy resolution, and reasonable efficiency. We have constructed a 12-element multilayer detector for operation starting at about one KeV. The detection solid angle at 2 KeV is roughly 3 % of 4 pi. The FWHM of the detector response curve can reach 30 eV close to 1.2 KeV. The fabrication and testing of the prototype detector will lead to the design of better multilayer array analyzers in this energy region. C1 [Zhang, Ke] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Rosenbaum, Gerd; Liu, Qian] Argonne Natl Lab, SerCAT, APS, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Zhang, Ke] HD Technol Inc, Burr Ridge, IL 60527 USA. [Fischer, Daniel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, K (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. FU NIST SBIR [SB1341-02-C-0052]; Office of Basic Sciences, Department of Energy FX This project is supported by NIST SBIR contract SB1341-02-C-0052. The data were collected at 2-ID-Band 9-BM of the APS, Argonne National Lab, which issupported by Office of Basic Sciences, Department of Energy. The help of the beamline staff during data collection is appreciated. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0384-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2007 VL 882 BP 923 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Materials Science; Physics GA BGA39 UT WOS:000245805900276 ER PT J AU Coskuner, O Deiters, UK AF Coskuner, Orkid Deiters, Ulrich K. TI Hydrophobic interactions of xenon by Monte Carlo simulations SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE xenon; hydrophobic interactions; chemical potential; water; Monte Carlo simulation ID RADIAL-DISTRIBUTION FUNCTIONS; LIQUID WATER; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HYDRATION; TEMPERATURE; DIFFRACTION; DEPENDENCE; FLUIDS; GASES AB Hydrophobic interactions of xenon atoms dissolved in liquid water were studied by NpT Monte Carlo simulations in the temperature range 298.15 to 333 K and at ambient pressure. Structural properties of dilute xenon solutions were calculated and compared to those of bulk water in order to show the influence of the hydrophobic solute. It was found that the xenon atoms tend to aggregate with increasing temperature. At low temperatures the aggregates are predominantly solvent-separated pairs; at higher temperatures the quota of contact pairs increases. Furthermore, the residual chemical potentials of xenon and water were calculated with different methods; it was found that the Widorn insertion methods works best for this system. For the thermodynamic conditions of this work, the residual chemical potential of water in the presence of xenon was found to be a linear function of temperature. C1 Univ Cologne, Inst Chem Phys, D-50939 Cologne, Germany. NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. RP Deiters, UK (reprint author), Univ Cologne, Inst Chem Phys, Luxemburger Str 116, D-50939 Cologne, Germany. EM ulrich.deiters@uni-koeln.de RI Deiters, Ulrich/A-8691-2012; Coskuner, Orkid/O-5376-2016 OI Deiters, Ulrich/0000-0001-7669-5847; Coskuner, Orkid/0000-0002-0772-9350 NR 34 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 221 IS 6 BP 785 EP 799 DI 10.1524/zpch.2007.221.6.785 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 197ID UT WOS:000248547100003 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Azizov, ND Zeinalova, AB AF Abdulagatov, Ilmutdin M. Azizov, Nazim D. Zeinalova, Adelya B. TI Density, apparent and partial molar volumes, and viscosity of aqueous Na2CO3 solutions at high temperatures and high pressures SO ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PHYSIKALISCHE CHEMIE-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY & CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE apparent and partial molar volumes; density; B-Coefficient; sodium carbonate; viscosity; water ID ION-SOLVENT INTERACTION; ABSOLUTE RATE THEORY; ELECTROLYTE-SOLUTIONS; B-COEFFICIENTS; 573 K; 30 MPA; MODELING VISCOSITY; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; UNIVALENT ELECTROLYTES; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB Density of five (0.124, 0.334, 0.706, 1.055, and 1.123)molkg(-1) and viscosity of seven (0.124, 0.2918, 0.334, 0.706, 0.8472, 1.055, and 1.123)molkg(-1) binary aqueous Na2CO3 solutions have been measured with a constant-volume piezometer and capillary flow techniques, respectively. Measurements were performed at pressures up to 52MPa for the density and 40MPa for the viscosity. The range of temperature was from 299 to 577 K for density and from 293 to 478 K for the viscosity. The total uncertainty of density, viscosity, pressure, temperature, and composition measurements was estimated to be less than 0.06%, 1.6%, 0.05%, 15 mK, and 0.02%, respectively. Apparent molar volumes were derived using measured values of density for the solutions and for pure water calculated with IAPWS formulation. The effect of the thermodynamic variables (temperature, pressure, and concentration) on density, apparent and partial molar volumes, and viscosity of Na2CO3(aq) solutions was studied. The derived apparent molar volumes have been interpreted in terms of the Pitzer's ion-interaction model of electrolyte solutions to accurate calculates the values of partial molar volumes at infinite dilution (V) over bar (infinity)(2) and the second (B-v) and third (C-v) virial coefficients for the apparent molar volume as a function of temperature. The viscosity data have been analyzed and interpreted in terms of extended Jones-Dole equation for the relative viscosity (eta/eta(0)) of strong electrolyte solutions to accurate calculate the values of viscosity A- and B-coefficients as a function of temperature. The Arrhenius-Andrade parameters eta(A) and b = E-a/R (where E. is the flow activation energy) were calculated using present experimental viscosity data. The effective pressures P-c due to the salt (Na2CO3) in water in the TTG (Timmann-Tait-Gibson) model were calculated from present viscosity measurements. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Geothermal Problems, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Russia. Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, Baku 370601, Azerbaijan. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 111 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 11 PU OLDENBOURG VERLAG PI MUNICH PA LEKTORAT MINT, POSTFACH 80 13 60, D-81613 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 0942-9352 J9 Z PHYS CHEM JI Z. Phys. Chemie-Int. J. Res. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2007 VL 221 IS 8 BP 963 EP 1000 DI 10.1524/zpch.2007.221.8.963 PG 38 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 204QI UT WOS:000249058700001 ER PT J AU Wagner, MS Lenghaus, K Gillen, G Tarlov, MJ AF Wagner, M. S. Lenghaus, K. Gillen, G. Tarlov, M. J. TI Characterization and ion-induced degradation of cross-linked poly(methyl methacrylate) studied using time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry SO APPLIED SURFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ethylene glycol dimethacrylate; methyl methacrylate; depth profiling; SF5+; ToF-SIMS ID SURFACE-INITIATED POLYMERIZATIONS; TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; TOF-SIMS; METHYL-METHACRYLATE; THERMAL-STABILITY; POLY(VINYL CHLORIDE); BEAM DAMAGE; POLYMERS; FILMS AB In this study, a series of random copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) were prepared as surface-initiated polymer (SIP) films on silicon substrates using atom transfer radical polymerization. Positive and negative ion static time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) was used to characterize SIP films with different MMA/EGDMA monomer ratios in an attempt to quantify their surface composition. However, matrix effects in the positive and negative ion modes led to preferential secondary ion generation from the EGDMA monomer and suppression of secondary ions characteristic of the MMA monomer, precluding accurate quantification using standard linear quantification methods. Ion-induced degradation of these films under 5 keV SF5+ bombardment was also examined to determine the effect of cross-linking on the accumulation of ion-induced damage. Increasing incorporation of the EGDMA cross-linker in the SIP films decreased the sputter rate and increased the rate of damage accumulation under extended (> 10(14) ions/cm(2)) 5 keV SF5+ bombardment. Comparison of the ion bombardment data with thermal degradation of cross-linked PMMA suggests that the presence of the cross-linker impedes degradation by depolymerization, resulting in ion-induced damage accumulation. The increased rate of ion-induced damage accumulation with increased cross-link density also suggests that polymers that can form cross-links during ion bombardment are less amenable to depth profiling using polyatomic primary ions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wagner, MS (reprint author), Procter & Gamble Co, 11810 E Miami River Rd, Cincinnati, OH 45252 USA. EM wagner.ms@pg.com NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-4332 J9 APPL SURF SCI JI Appl. Surf. Sci. PD DEC 30 PY 2006 VL 253 IS 5 BP 2603 EP 2610 DI 10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.05.022 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 122RN UT WOS:000243244300040 ER PT J AU Irikura, KK Johnson, RD AF Irikura, Karl K. Johnson, Russell D., III TI Is NO3 formed during the decomposition of nitramine explosives? SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-DECOMPOSITION; AB-INITIO; UNIMOLECULAR DECOMPOSITION; INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; PHASE DECOMPOSITION; ENERGETIC MATERIALS; CHEMICAL-REACTIONS; DENSITY; DISSOCIATION; RDX AB Quantum chemistry calculations reveal that it is both thermodynamically and kinetically feasible for NO2 to be oxidized by RDX (1,3,5-trinitrohexahydro-s-triazine) or its initial decomposition products. Thus, NO3 (nitrate radical) may be produced during the thermal decomposition of RDX and other nitramines. However, experimental studies of the gaseous products, by mass spectrometry and microwave spectroscopy, have never detected NO3. This fact is reconciled with the calculations by noting that (1) the electron-impact, positive-ion mass spectrum of NO3 shows little parent ion, (2) NO3 lacks a permanent electric dipole moment and is therefore invisible to microwave spectroscopy, and (3) NO3 is quite reactive. Further experiments are encouraged and could lead to a new method for detecting concealed nitramines. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Irikura, KK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Irikura, Karl/A-4266-2009 OI Irikura, Karl/0000-0001-7515-6761 NR 35 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 51 BP 13974 EP 13978 DI 10.1021/jp065611d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 118WM UT WOS:000242974200044 PM 17181358 ER PT J AU Suarez, IJ Fernandez-Nieves, A Marquez, M AF Suarez, Ivan J. Fernandez-Nieves, Alberto Marquez, Manuel TI Swelling kinetics of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) minigels SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID VOLUME PHASE-TRANSITION; N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE GELS; MICROGEL PARTICLES; COPOLYMER GELS; POLYMER GELS; CHARGE; ELCTROOSMOSIS; EQUILIBRIUM; SHRINKING; SURFACE AB We synthesize poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) gels with different sizes in the micrometer scale by a slight variation of a recent emulsion polymerization method (ref 1). The procedure is different than that typically used for obtaining macroscopic PNIPAM hydrogels. The resultant minigel suspension is polydisperse thus allowing the swelling kinetics for different gel sizes to be studied; we do so at temperatures below the volume-transition temperature by wetting with water previously dried particles. The resultant swelling is followed by optical video microscopy. We find that the characteristic swelling time scales with the inverse of the particle dimension squared, in agreement with theoretical predictions (ref 2). The proportionality constant is the network diffusion coefficient D, which for the minigels under consideration appears to be in between that of PNIPAM macrogels and the self-diffusion coefficient of water. C1 Univ Almeria, Dept Appl Phys, Grp Complex Fluids Phys, Almeria 04120, Spain. Arizona State Univ, Ira A Fulton Sch Engn, Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Philip Morris Inc, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. NIST, NCTCN Ctr, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Suarez, IJ (reprint author), Univ Almeria, Dept Appl Phys, Grp Complex Fluids Phys, Almeria 04120, Spain. EM isuarez@ual.es RI Suarez, Ivan/B-9022-2011 OI Suarez, Ivan/0000-0002-6327-2914 NR 30 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 28 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 51 BP 25729 EP 25733 DI 10.1021/jp0643754 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 118WN UT WOS:000242974300031 PM 17181213 ER PT J AU Nyaga, SG Lohani, A Jaruga, P Trzeciak, AR Dizdaroglu, M Evans, MK AF Nyaga, Simon G. Lohani, Althaf Jaruga, Pawel Trzeciak, Andrzej R. Dizdaroglu, Miral Evans, Michele K. TI Reduced repair of 8-hydroxyguanine in the human breast cancer cell line, HCC1937 SO BMC CANCER LA English DT Article ID OXIDATIVE DNA-DAMAGE; AP LYASE ACTIVITY; SACCHAROMYCES-CEREVISIAE; GLYCOSYLASE ACTIVITY; BASE LESIONS; OGG1 PROTEIN; 8-OXOGUANINE; BRCA1; GENE; EXCISION AB Background: Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths in women in the United States. Although the causes of this disease are incompletely understood, oxidative DNA damage is presumed to play a critical role in breast carcinogenesis. A common oxidatively induced DNA lesion is 8-hydroxyguanine (8-OH-Gua), which has been implicated in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of HCC1937 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines to repair 8-OH-Gua relative to a nonmalignant human mammary epithelial cell line, AG11134. Methods: We used oligonucleotide incision assay to analyze the ability of the two breast cancer cell lines to incise 8-OH-Gua relative to the control cell line. Liquid chromatography/ mass spectrometry (LC/MS) was used to measure the levels of 8-OH-Gua as its nucleoside, 8-OH-dG in the cell lines after exposure to H2O2 followed by 30 min repair period. Protein expression levels were determined by Western blot analysis, while the hOGG1 mRNA levels were analyzed by RTPCR. Complementation of hOGG1 activity in HCC1937 cells was assessed by addition of the purified protein in the incision assay, and in vivo by transfection of pFlagCMV-4-hOGG1. Clonogenic survival assay was used to determine sensitivity after H2O2-mediated oxidative stress. Results: We show that the HCC1937 breast cancer cells have diminished ability to incise 8-OH-Gua and they accumulate higher levels of 8-OH-dG in the nuclear genome after H2O2 treatment despite a 30 min repair period when compared to the nonmalignant mammary cells. The defective incision of 8-OH-Gua was consistent with expression of undetectable amounts of hOGG1 in HCC1937 cells. The reduced incision activity was significantly stimulated by addition of purified hOGG1. Furthermore, transfection of pFlagCMV-4-hOGG1 in HCC1937 cells resulted in enhanced incision of 8-OH-Gua. HCC1937 cells are more sensitive to high levels of H2O2 and have upregulated SOD1 and SOD2. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for inefficient repair of 8-OH-Gua in HCC1937 breast cancer cell line and directly implicates hOGG1 in this defect. C1 NIA, Cellular & Mol Biol Lab, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Nicolas Copernicus Univ, Collegium Medicum, Dept Clin Biochem, Bydgoszcz, Poland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Evans, MK (reprint author), NIA, Cellular & Mol Biol Lab, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM nyagas@grc.nia.nih.gov; lohania@grc.nia.nih.gov; pawel.jaruga@nist.gov; trzeciakan@grc.nia.nih.gov; miral.dizdar@nist.gov; me42v@nih.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 52 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND ST, LONDON W1T 4LB, ENGLAND SN 1471-2407 J9 BMC CANCER JI BMC Cancer PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 6 AR 297 DI 10.1186/1471-2407-6-297 PG 15 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 128KX UT WOS:000243657700001 PM 17192190 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Friedl, MA Schaaf, CB AF Zhang, Xiaoyang Friedl, Mark A. Schaaf, Crystal B. TI Global vegetation phenology from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS): Evaluation of global patterns and comparison with in situ measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-BIOGEOSCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; INTEGRATED NDVI; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; SATELLITE IMAGERY; SPRING PHENOLOGY; COVER; INDEX; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; AVHRR AB In the last two decades the availability of global remote sensing data sets has provided a new means of studying global patterns and dynamics in vegetation. The vast majority of previous work in this domain has used data from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer, which until recently was the primary source of global land remote sensing data. In recent years, however, a number of new remote sensing data sources have become available that have significantly improved the capability of remote sensing to monitor global ecosystem dynamics. In this paper, we describe recent results using data from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer to study global vegetation phenology. Using a novel new method based on fitting piecewise logistic models to time series data from MODIS, key transition dates in the annual cycle(s) of vegetation growth can be estimated in an ecologically realistic fashion. Using this method we have produced global maps of seven phenological metrics at 1- km spatial resolution for all ecosystems exhibiting identifiable annual phenologies. These metrics include the date of year for ( 1) the onset of greenness increase ( greenup), ( 2) the onset of greenness maximum ( maturity), ( 3) the onset of greenness decrease ( senescence), and ( 4) the onset of greenness minimum ( dormancy). The three remaining metrics are the growing season minimum, maximum, and summation of the enhanced vegetation index derived from MODIS. Comparison of vegetation phenology retrieved from MODIS with in situ measurements shows that these metrics provide realistic estimates of the four transition dates identified above. More generally, the spatial distribution of phenological metrics estimated from MODIS data is qualitatively realistic, and exhibits strong correspondence with temperature patterns in mid- and high-latitude climates, with rainfall seasonality in seasonally dry climates, and with cropping patterns in agricultural areas. C1 Earth Resources Technol Inc, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Boston Univ, Dept Geog, Boston, MA 02215 USA. Boston Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing, Boston, MA 02215 USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), Earth Resources Technol Inc, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NOAA, NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xiaoyang.zhang@noaa.gov; friedl@bu.edu; schaaf@bu.edu RI Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010 NR 56 TC 167 Z9 177 U1 7 U2 93 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-BIOGEO JI J. Geophys. Res.-Biogeosci. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 111 IS G4 AR G04017 DI 10.1029/2006JG000217 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA 124CP UT WOS:000243345100001 ER PT J AU Leevy, WM Gammon, ST Jiang, H Johnson, JR Maxwell, DJ Jackson, EN Marquez, M Piwnica-Worms, D Smith, BD AF Leevy, W. Matthew Gammon, Seth T. Jiang, Hua Johnson, James R. Maxwell, Dustin J. Jackson, Erin N. Marquez, Manuel Piwnica-Worms, David Smith, Bradley D. TI Optical imaging of bacterial infection in living mice using a fluorescent near-infrared molecular probe SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IN-VIVO; CONTRAST AGENTS; NANOPARTICLES; RECOGNITION; COMPLEXES; CELL C1 Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. Philip Morris Inc, Interdisciplinary Network Emerging Sci & Technol, NEST, Grp Postgrad Program, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. Philip Morris Inc, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, Mallinckrodt Inst Radiol, Mol Imaging Ctr, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, Key Lab Photochem, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. RP Smith, BD (reprint author), Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, 251 Nieuwland Sci Hall, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. EM smith.115@nd.edu RI Gammon, Seth/C-8778-2014 FU NCI NIH HHS [P50 CA094056, P50 CA 94056]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 059078, R01 GM059078, R01 GM059078-10] NR 20 TC 163 Z9 165 U1 4 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 51 BP 16476 EP 16477 DI 10.1021/ja0665592 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 118KQ UT WOS:000242941600032 PM 17177377 ER PT J AU DeLongchamp, DM Ling, MM Jung, Y Fischer, DA Roberts, ME Lin, EK Bao, ZN AF DeLongchamp, Dean M. Ling, Mang Mang Jung, Youngsuk Fischer, Daniel A. Roberts, Mark E. Lin, Eric K. Bao, Zhenan TI Thickness dependence of microstructure in semiconducting films of an oligofluorene derivative SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID INTRAMOLECULAR BOND LENGTHS; FIELD-EFFECT MOBILITY; PENTACENE THIN-FILMS; GAS-PHASE MOLECULES; K-SHELL EXCITATION; ORGANIC SEMICONDUCTORS; THIOPHENE OLIGOMERS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; SHAPE RESONANCES; TRANSISTORS AB The measurement and optimization of microstructure development in organic semiconductor films is valuable because microstructure in many cases critically impacts electronic performance. We demonstrate a general method to measure microstructure thickness dependence in thin films using surface-sensitive near edge X-ray absorbance fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy. The method is applied to an oligofluorene derivative DDFTTF, which consists of a fluorene-bithiophene-fluorene core that is end-substituted with linear dodecyl groups. The substrate-relative orientations of the aromatic core and the aliphatic end chains are independently determined, and comparing these orientations to terrace heights from atomic force micrographs proves that the end chains are interdigitated or folded. By measuring microstructure development from 6 to 150 nm, we find that DDFTTF exhibits two different preferential microstructures: one with large terraces within which molecules exhibit a strongly vertical orientation, and one with much smaller domains within which molecules exhibit a mildly horizontal orientation. The relative distribution of these two preferential microstructures depends on the distance of the domains from the substrate and the substrate temperature during deposition. The utility of this method is tested using a lamination technique to measure the saturation hole mobility at the top and bottom interface of DDFTTF films. We find that local microstructures with greater pi orbital alignment in the source-drain plane correlate directly to better local saturation hole mobilities. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM deand@nist.gov; zbao@stanford.edu RI Roberts, Mark/H-9865-2016 OI Roberts, Mark/0000-0001-5971-6650 NR 35 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 51 BP 16579 EP 16586 DI 10.1021/ja064384q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 118KQ UT WOS:000242941600062 PM 17177407 ER PT J AU Dinca, M Dailly, A Liu, Y Brown, CM Neumann, DA Long, JR AF Dinca, Mircea Dailly, Anne Liu, Yun Brown, Craig M. Neumann, Dan. A. Long, Jeffrey R. TI Hydrogen storage in a microporous metal-organic framework with exposed Mn2+ coordination sites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GAS SORPTION PROPERTIES; SURFACE-AREA; POROUS MATERIAL; ADSORPTION; H-2; BINDING; SATURATION; STABILITY; COMPLEXES; POROSITY AB Use of the tritopic bridging ligand 1,3,5-benzenetristetrazolate (BTT3-) enables formation of [Mn(DMF)(6)](3)[(Mn4Cl)(3)(BTT)(8)(H2O)(12)](2)center dot 42DMF center dot 11H(2)O center dot 20CH(3)OH, featuring a porous metal-organic framework with a previously unknown cubic topology. Crystals of the compound remain intact upon desolvation and show a total H-2 uptake of 6.9 wt % at 77 K and 90 bar, which at 60 g H-2/L provides a storage density 85% of that of liquid hydrogen. The material exhibits a maximum isosteric heat of adsorption of 10.1 kJ/mol, the highest yet observed for a metal-organic framework. Neutron powder diffraction data demonstrate that this is directly related to H-2 binding at coordinatively unsaturated Mn2+ centers within the framework. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. GM Corp, Chem & Environm Sci Lab, Warren, MI 48090 USA. Purdue Univ, Coll Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Long, JR (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jrlong@berkeley.edu RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Dinca, Mircea/C-1345-2008; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Dinca, Mircea/0000-0002-1262-1264 NR 48 TC 818 Z9 823 U1 18 U2 213 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 27 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 51 BP 16876 EP 16883 DI 10.1021/ja0656853 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 118KQ UT WOS:000242941600093 PM 17177438 ER PT J AU Chen, CX Maranas, JK Garcia-Sakai, V AF Chen, Chunxia Maranas, Janna K. Garcia-Sakai, Victoria TI Local dynamics of syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) using molecular dynamics simulation SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; METHYL-GROUP DYNAMICS; BETA-RELAXATION; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); SPIN-ECHO; ALPHA-RELAXATION; LENGTH-SCALE; SIDE-GROUPS; POLYMERS; POLYISOBUTYLENE AB The local dynamics of syndiotactic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) are investigated by explicit atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and quasielastic neutron scattering at temperatures well above the glass transition temperature. Using MD, we are able to isolate specific local motions well above T-g. These include rotations of the alpha-methyl and ester methyl, rotations of the entire ester side group and segmental motion of the chain backbone. This capacity is unique to simulation as proton motion at high temperatures necessarily involves multiple motions. The force field used is validated by direct comparison to structural and dynamic neutron scattering measurements, and by comparison via temperature extrapolation of activation energies and rotational times for methyl group rotations. We find that the rotation of the ester side group is consistent with the beta-relaxation at low temperatures: the activation energy closely matches that assigned from dielectric spectroscopy (DS), and relaxation times are also consistent with these measurements. Although the ester protons rotate continuously with no preferred spatial orientation, the rotation of the ester oxygen around the C-1-C bond [O-C-C-1-C-3] does appear to be a 2-fold jump as observed in NMR experiments. The alpha-relaxation is associated with the motion of the main chain. Relaxation times for these protons are not Arrhenius, but rather begin to diverge as the temperature is lowered. Rotation of the slower alpha-CH3 group occurs with rates similar to the alpha- and beta-relaxations in the temperature range we investigate. Both this rotation and that of the ester side group are more prominent at smaller scales and explain why neutron scattering measurements on PMMA reveal the alpha-relaxation as the spatial scale is increased. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NISt Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maranas, JK (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM cqc10@psu.edu; jmaranas@psu.edu; vicky@nist.gov OI Garcia Sakai, Victoria/0000-0001-6570-4218 NR 44 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 26 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 26 BP 9630 EP 9640 DI 10.1021/ma0610562 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 118IJ UT WOS:000242935400097 ER PT J AU Xu, M Chang, CP Fu, CB Qi, Y Robock, A Robinson, D Zhang, HM AF Xu, Ming Chang, Chih-Pei Fu, Congbin Qi, Ye Robock, Alan Robinson, David Zhang, Huai-min TI Steady decline of east Asian monsoon winds, 1969-2000: Evidence from direct ground measurements of wind speed SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SUMMER MONSOON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; INTERDECADAL VARIATION; HYDROLOGICAL CYCLE; PART I; CHINA; TEMPERATURE; SURFACE AB It is commonly believed that greenhouse-gas-induced global warming can weaken the east Asian winter monsoon but strengthen the summer monsoon, because of stronger warming over high-latitude land as compared to low-latitude oceans. In this study, we show that the surface wind speed associated with the east Asian monsoon has significantly weakened in both winter and summer in the recent three decades. From 1969 to 2000, the annual mean wind speed over China has decreased steadily by 28%, and the prevalence of windy days (daily mean wind speed > 5 m/s) has decreased by 58%. The temperature trends during this period have not been uniform. Significant winter warming in northern China may explain the decline of the winter monsoon, while the summer cooling in central south China and warming over the South China Sea and the western North Pacific Ocean may be responsible for weakening the summer monsoon. In addition, we found that the monsoon wind speed is also highly correlated with incoming solar radiation at the surface. The present results, when interpreted together with those of recent climate model simulations, suggest two mechanisms that govern the decline of the east Asian winter and summer monsoons, both of which may be related to human activity. The winter decline is associated with global-scale warming that may be attributed to increased greenhouse gas emission, while the summer decline is associated with local cooling over south-central China that may result from air pollution. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing & Spatial Anal, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. NW A&F Univ, Coll Forestry, Yanglin, Shaanxi, Peoples R China. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. Tsinghua Univ, Sch Publ Policy & Management, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geog, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Xu, M (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Ctr Remote Sensing & Spatial Anal, Dept Ecol Evolut & Nat Resources, 14 Coll Farm Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM mingxu@crssa.rutgers.edu RI Robock, Alan/B-6385-2016; OI Robock, Alan/0000-0002-6319-5656 NR 39 TC 183 Z9 185 U1 6 U2 50 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 23 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D24 AR D24111 DI 10.1029/2006JD007337 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 120SY UT WOS:000243107500001 ER PT J AU Fresh, KL Wyllie-Echeverria, T Wyllie-Echeverria, S Williams, BW AF Fresh, Kurt L. Wyllie-Echeverria, Tina Wyllie-Echeverria, Sandy Williams, Brian W. TI Using light-permeable grating to mitigate impacts of residential floats on eelgrass Zostera marina L. in Puget Sound, Washington SO ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE eelgrass; Zostera marina; floats; Puget Sound; shading impacts; deck grating ID BLUE-CRAB SURVIVAL; HABITAT FRAGMENTATION; SEAGRASS MEADOWS; GROWTH; BAY; AUSTRALIA; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; MASSACHUSETTS; REDUCTION; JAPAN AB This study evaluated whether light-permeable deck grating could mitigate impacts of residential mooring floats constructed over eelgrass (Zostera marina L.) in Puget Sound, Washington. Eelgrass shoot densities in undisturbed control areas and underneath and adjacent to 11 residential floats (16-50% of each float was grated) were monitored prior to float installation and annually for 3 years following installation. Using linear regression analysis, a decline in eelgrass shoot densities relative to controls was detected underneath three floats (eelgrass was eliminated under only one float) and adjacent to two floats. When control data were used to represent 100% grated, there was a weak relationship between eelgrass bed quality and percent of the deck grated (r = 0.46, p = 0.032), but no relationship when the range of grating was 16-50% (p = 0.90). The percent of a float deck grated did not contribute significantly to a multiple regression model examining change in eelgrass density that included five other dependent variables associated with the design of the floats. We conclude that either there was no effect of grating up to 50% of a float deck or we could not detect an effect. We hypothesize that the large number of site and landscape scale variables associated with a float influenced the effect (and our ability to detect it) of any one variable (such as grating). Consequently, we recommend that managers manipulate as many attributes of a float as possible (including grating) in order to reduce risks to eelgrass. Published by Elsevier B.V C1 Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Fish Program, Div Sci, Olympia, WA 98112 USA. Wylie Echeverria Associates, Shaw Island, WA USA. Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, UW Bot Gardens, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Habitat Program, La Connor, WA USA. RP Fresh, KL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NWFSC, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM kurt.fresh@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0925-8574 J9 ECOL ENG JI Ecol. Eng. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 28 IS 4 BP 354 EP 362 DI 10.1016/j.ecoleng.2006.04.012 PG 9 WC Ecology; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA 124UJ UT WOS:000243395100004 ER PT J AU Young, RE Vecchione, M Piatkowski, U Roper, CFE AF Young, Richard E. Vecchione, Michael Piatkowski, Uwe Roper, Clyde F. E. TI A redescription of Planctoteuthis levimana (Lonnberg, 1896) (Mollusca : Cephalopoda), with a brief review of the genus SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON LA English DT Review AB We re-describe Planctoteuthis levimana (Lonnberg, 1896), a poorly known species of oegopsid squid in the Chiroteuthidae, based on two specimens taken from near the type locality. We also designate a neotype for P. levimana. We demonstrate that P. levimana is a valid taxon through brief comparisons with other members of the genus, and we assess the importance of the funnel locking-apparatus as a species-level character in Planctoteuthis. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Syst Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. GEOMAR, IFM, Leibniz Inst Meereswissensch, Kiel, Germany. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Dept Vertebrate Zool, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Vecchione, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM ryoung@hawaii.edu; vecchiom@si.edu; upiatkowski@ifm-geomar.de; roperc@si.edu RI Piatkowski, Uwe/G-4161-2011 OI Piatkowski, Uwe/0000-0003-1558-5817 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOL SOC WASHINGTON PI WASHINGTON PA NAT MUSEUM NAT HIST SMITHSONIAN INST, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA SN 0006-324X J9 P BIOL SOC WASH JI Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 119 IS 4 BP 586 EP 591 DI 10.2988/0006-324X(2006)119[586:AROPLL]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 122GD UT WOS:000243212800011 ER PT J AU Chadwick, WW AF Chadwick, William W., Jr. TI A submarine volcano is caught in the act SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material ID MIDOCEAN RIDGE; ERUPTION C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Chadwick, WW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM william.w.chadwick@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5807 BP 1887 EP 1888 DI 10.1126/science.1137082 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 119EY UT WOS:000242996800035 PM 17185591 ER PT J AU Tolstoy, M Cowen, JP Baker, ET Fornari, DJ Rubin, KH Shank, TM Waldhauser, F Bohnenstiehl, DR Forsyth, DW Holmes, RC Love, B Perfit, MR Weekly, RT Soule, SA Glazer, B AF Tolstoy, M. Cowen, J. P. Baker, E. T. Fornari, D. J. Rubin, K. H. Shank, T. M. Waldhauser, F. Bohnenstiehl, D. R. Forsyth, D. W. Holmes, R. C. Love, B. Perfit, M. R. Weekly, R. T. Soule, S. A. Glazer, B. TI A sea-floor spreading event captured by seismometers SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; VOLCANIC ACTIVITY; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; SEGMENTATION; PATTERNS; CREST; VENTS AB Two-thirds of Earth's surface is formed at mid-ocean ridges, yet sea-floor spreading events are poorly understood because they occur far beneath the ocean surface. At 9 degrees 50' N on the East Pacific Rise, ocean-bottom seismometers recently recorded the microearthquake character of a mid-ocean ridge eruption, including precursory activity. A gradual ramp-up in activity rates since seismic monitoring began at this site in October 2003 suggests that eruptions may be forecast in the fast-spreading environment. The pattern culminates in an intense but brief (similar to 6-hour) inferred diking event on 22 January 2006, followed by rapid tapering to markedly decreased levels of seismicity. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Geol Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Tolstoy, M (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM tolstoy@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Glazer, Brian/C-2248-2011; Rubin, Kenneth/B-3685-2008; OI Rubin, Kenneth/0000-0002-8554-1337; Soule, Adam/0000-0002-4691-6300 NR 24 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 1 U2 28 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 22 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5807 BP 1920 EP 1922 DI 10.1126/science.1133950 PG 3 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 119EY UT WOS:000242996800046 PM 17124289 ER PT J AU Koga, T Jerome, J Rafailovich, MH Chu, B Douglas, J Satija, S AF Koga, Tadanori Jerome, J. Rafailovich, M. H. Chu, B. Douglas, J. Satija, S. TI Supercritical fluid processing of polymer thin films: An X-ray study of molecular-level porosity SO ADVANCES IN COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; REFLECTIVITY; CATALYSIS; SOLVENT; GOLD AB This paper reviews our recent experimental results that address the effects of solvent density inhomogencities in supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) on polymer thin film processing. The key phenomenon is excess sorption of CO, molecules into polymer thin films even when the bulk miscibility with CO2 is very poor. We have found that the amount of the excess sorption is attributed to the large density fluctuations in scCO(2) near the critical point. Further, taking advantage of the vitrification process of polymer chains through quick evaporation of CO2, we can preserve the "expanded" structures as they are. The resultant films have large degree of molecular-level porosity that is very useful in producing coatings with low dielectric constants, enhanced adhesion, and metallization properties. These characteristics can be achieved in an environmentally "green" manner, without organic solvents, and are not specific to any class of polymers. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Koga, T (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Chem & Mol Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM tkoga@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Koga, Tadanori/A-4007-2010 NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0001-8686 J9 ADV COLLOID INTERFAC JI Adv. Colloid Interface Sci. PD DEC 21 PY 2006 VL 128 BP 217 EP 226 DI 10.1016/j.cis.2006.11.020 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 144NQ UT WOS:000244803500015 PM 17239334 ER PT J AU Bortnik, J Thorne, RM O'Brien, TP Green, JC Strangeway, RJ Shprits, YY Baker, DN AF Bortnik, J. Thorne, R. M. O'Brien, T. P. Green, J. C. Strangeway, R. J. Shprits, Y. Y. Baker, D. N. TI Observation of two distinct, rapid loss mechanisms during the 20 November 2003 radiation belt dropout event SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON-PRECIPITATION; LINEAR DIFFUSION-COEFFICIENTS; VAN-ALLEN RADIATION; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; MAGNETIC-FIELD; SOURCE LOCATION; EMIC WAVES; SOLAR-WIND AB The relativistic electron dropout event on 20 November 2003 is studied using data from a number of satellites including SAMPEX, HEO, ACE, POES, and FAST. The observations suggest that the dropout may have been caused by two separate mechanisms that operate at high and low L-shells, respectively, with a separation at L similar to 5. At high L-shells ( L > 5), the dropout is approximately independent of energy and consistent with losses to the magnetopause aided by the Dst effect and outward radial diffusion which can deplete relativistic electrons down to lower L-shells. At low L-shells ( L < 5), the dropout is strongly energy-dependent, with the higher-energy electrons being affected most. Moreover, large precipitation bands of both relativistic electrons and energetic protons are observed at low L-shells which are consistent with intense pitch angle scattering driven by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves and may result in a rapid loss of relativistic electrons near the plasmapause in the dusk sector or in plumes of enhanced density. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. Aerosp Corp, Space Sci Dept, Chantilly, VA USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA USA. Univ Colorado, Lab Atmospher & Space Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bortnik, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA USA. NR 67 TC 111 Z9 113 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 21 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A12 AR A12216 DI 10.1029/2006JA011802 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 120TU UT WOS:000243109800001 ER PT J AU Blackwell-Whitehead, RJ Lundberg, H Nave, G Pickering, JC Jones, HRA Lyubchik, Y Pavlenko, YV Viti, S AF Blackwell-Whitehead, R. J. Lundberg, H. Nave, G. Pickering, J. C. Jones, H. R. A. Lyubchik, Y. Pavlenko, Y. V. Viti, S. TI Experimental TiI oscillator strengths and their application to cool star analysis SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atomic data; techniques : spectroscopic; star : abundances ID ATOMIC TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; SOLAR TITANIUM ABUNDANCE; A1D2 0.90 EV; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; NEUTRAL TITANIUM; PRECISION-MEASUREMENT; FERRUM PROJECT; SPECTRA; LINES; ULTRAVIOLET AB We report experimental oscillator strengths for 88 Ti I transitions covering the wavelength range 465-3892 nm, 67 of which had no previous experimental values. Radiative lifetimes for 13 energy levels, including the low energy levels 3d(2)(F-3) 4s4p ((3)p) z(5)D(j)degrees have been measured using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence. Intensity-calibrated Ti I spectra have been measured using Fourier transform spectroscopy to determine branching fractions for the decay channels of these levels. The branching fractions are combined with the radiative lifetimes to yield absolute transition probabilities and oscillator strengths. Our measurements include 50 transitions in the previously unobserved infrared region lambda > 1.0 mu m, a region of particular interest to the analysis of cool stars and brown dwarfs. C1 Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. Lund Inst Technol, Dept Phys, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Hertfordshire, Ctr Astrophys Res, Hatfield AL10 9AB, Herts, England. Natl Acad Sci Ukraine, Main Astron Observ, UA-03680 Kiev, Ukraine. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Blackwell-Whitehead, RJ (reprint author), Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. EM r.blackwell@imperial.ac.uk NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0035-8711 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2006 VL 373 IS 4 BP 1603 EP 1609 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11161.x PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 121JD UT WOS:000243153000024 ER PT J AU Nico, JS Dewey, MS Gentile, TR Mumm, HP Thompson, AK Fisher, BM Kremsky, I Wietfeldt, FE Chupp, TE Cooper, RL Beise, EJ Kiriluk, KG Byrne, J Coakley, KJ AF Nico, Jeffrey S. Dewey, Maynard S. Gentile, Thomas R. Mumm, H. Pieter Thompson, Alan K. Fisher, Brian M. Kremsky, Isaac Wietfeldt, Fred E. Chupp, Timothy E. Cooper, Robert L. Beise, Elizabeth J. Kiriluk, Kristin G. Byrne, James Coakley, Kevin J. TI Observation of the radiative decay mode of the free neutron SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID BETA-DECAY; MASS SINGULARITIES; LOW-TEMPERATURE AB The theory of quantum electrodynamics (QED) predicts that beta decay of the neutron into a proton, electron and antineutrino should be accompanied by a continuous spectrum of soft photons. While this inner bremsstrahlung branch has been previously measured in nuclear beta and electron capture decay, it has never been observed in free neutron decay. Recently, the photon energy spectrum and branching ratio for neutron radiative decay have been calculated using two approaches: a standard QED framework(1-3) and heavy baryon chiral perturbation theory(4) (an effective theory of hadrons based on the symmetries of quantum chromodynamics). The QED calculation treats the nucleons as point-like, whereas the latter approach includes the effect of nucleon structure in a systematic way. Here we observe the radiative decay mode of free neutrons, measuring photons in coincidence with both the emitted electron and proton. We determined a branching ratio of (3.13 +/- 0.34) x 10(-3) (68 per cent level of confidence) in the energy region between 15 and 340 keV, where the uncertainty is dominated by systematic effects. The value is consistent with the predictions of both theoretical approaches; the characteristic energy spectrum of the radiated photons, which differs from the uncorrelated background spectrum, is also consistent with the calculated spectrum. This result may provide opportunities for more detailed investigations of the weak interaction processes involved in neutron beta decay. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Tulane Univ, Dept Phys, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ Michigan, FOCUS, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Sussex, Dept Phys & Astron, Brighton BN1 9QH, E Sussex, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nico, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jnico@nist.gov NR 21 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 21 PY 2006 VL 444 IS 7122 BP 1059 EP 1062 DI 10.1038/nature05390 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 118VH UT WOS:000242971100053 PM 17183320 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DE AF Stevenson, Duane E. TI Stlegicottus xenogrammus Bolin, 1936 (Scorpaeniformes : Cottidae), a junior synonym of Rastrinus scutiger (Bean, 1890) SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB Stlegicottus xenogrammus Bolin, 1936, was described from a single small, deteriorated specimen from the southern Bering Sea. No subsequent specimens have been identified. Comparison with the holotype of Rastrinus scutiger confirms that the two specimens represent the same species, and previously reported differences between the two are likely the result of the small size and deteriorated condition of the holotype of S. xenogrammus. Because Stlegicottus xenogrammus cannot be distinguished from Rastrinus scutiger by any reliable character, the two names are treated as synonyms, with R. scutiger having priority, and Stlegicottus becomes a junior synonym of Rastrinus. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stevenson, DE (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM duane.stevenson@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD DEC 20 PY 2006 IS 4 BP 792 EP 796 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 120XO UT WOS:000243120300020 ER PT J AU Ortiz, G Somma, R Barnum, H Knill, E AF Ortiz, Gerardo Somma, Rolando Barnum, Howard Knill, Emanuel TI Limits on the power of some models of quantum computation SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MODERN PHYSICS B LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 13th International Conference on Recent Progress in Many-Body Theories CY DEC 05-09, 2005 CL Univ Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, ARGENTINA HO Univ Buenos Aires DE quantum computation; Lie algebraic quantum models; computational complexity; generalized entanglement ID COMPACT LIE-ALGEBRAS AB We consider quantum computational models defined via a Lie-algebraic theory. In these models, specified initial states are acted on by Lie-algebraic quantum gates and the expectation values of Lie algebra elements are measured at the end. We show that these models can be efficiently simulated on a classical computer in time polynomial in the dimension of the algebra, regardless of the dimension of the Hilbert space where the algebra acts. Similar results hold for the computation of the expectation value of operators implemented by a gate-sequence. We introduce a Lie-algebraic notion of generalized mean-field Hamiltonians and show that they are efficiently (exactly) solvable by means of a Jacobi-like diagonalization method. Our results generalize earlier ones on fermionic linear optics computation and provide insight into the source of the power of the conventional model of quantum computation. C1 Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NIST, Div Math, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NIST, Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ortiz, G (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 0217-9792 J9 INT J MOD PHYS B JI Int. J. Mod. Phys. B PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 30-31 SI SI BP 5122 EP 5131 DI 10.1142/S0217979206036181 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 122OU UT WOS:000243237100020 ER PT J AU Anton, JM Mishra, B Moore, JJ Rees, JA Sproul, WD AF Anton, J. M. Mishra, B. Moore, J. J. Rees, J. A. Sproul, W. D. TI Investigation of processing parameters for pulsed closed-field unbalanced magnetron co-sputtered TiC-C thin films SO SURFACE & COATINGS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Metallurgical Coatings and Thin Films CY MAY 01-05, 2006 CL San Diego, CA SP Amer Vacuum Soc, Adv Surface Engn Div DE pulsed DC magnetron sputtering; nanocomposites; TiC; ion energy ID LANGMUIR PROBE MEASUREMENTS; COATINGS; DEPOSITION; GROWTH; PLASMA; SYSTEM AB Titanium carbide is a well-established wear resistant coating due to its excellent tribological properties including high-hardness and elastic modulus, good wear resistance, low coefficient of friction against steel, and high temperature stability. Recent advances in sputtering technology have resulted in improvements in the properties and performance of wear resistant coatings. Closed-field unbalanced magnetron sputtering and pulsed magnetron sputtering have greatly improved the structure and properties of titanium carbide films by increasing ion bombardment at the substrate. The goal of this research was to investigate how processing lies into the structure-property-performance relationship for these types of films. An electrostatic quadrupole plasma analyzer was used to measure the energy of ions at the substrate position. Energy ranges from 0.5 to 280 eV were observed under different pulsing conditions. Excessively high ion energy during deposition was found to erode the tribological performance of films. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Adv Coatings & Surface Engn Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Hiden Analyt Ltd, Warrington WA5 7UN, Cheshire, England. React Sputtering Consulting LLC, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. RP Anton, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM janton@boulder.nist.gov; bsproul@comcast.net NR 16 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0257-8972 J9 SURF COAT TECH JI Surf. Coat. Technol. PD DEC 20 PY 2006 VL 201 IS 7 BP 4131 EP 4135 DI 10.1016/j.surfcoat.2006.08.015 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 121HW UT WOS:000243149700058 ER PT J AU Marcolli, C Canagaratna, MR Worsnop, DR Bahreini, R de Gouw, JA Warneke, C Goldan, PD Kuster, WC Williams, EJ Lerner, BM Roberts, JM Meagher, JF Fehsenfeld, FC Marchewka, M Bertman, SB Middlebrook, AM AF Marcolli, C. Canagaratna, M. R. Worsnop, D. R. Bahreini, R. de Gouw, J. A. Warneke, C. Goldan, P. D. Kuster, W. C. Williams, E. J. Lerner, B. M. Roberts, J. M. Meagher, J. F. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Marchewka, M. Bertman, S. B. Middlebrook, A. M. TI Cluster analysis of the organic peaks in bulk mass spectra obtained during the 2002 New England air quality study with an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICLE ANALYSIS; AMBIENT AEROSOL; PARTICULATE; CLIMATE; SUPERSITE; PM2.5; URBAN; SIZE; PHOTOOXIDATION; QUANTIFICATION AB We applied hierarchical cluster analysis to an Aerodyne aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) bulk mass spectral dataset collected aboard the NOAA research vessel R. H. Brown during the 2002 New England Air Quality Study off the east coast of the United States. Emphasizing the organic peaks, the cluster analysis yielded a series of categories that are distinguishable with respect to their mass spectra and their occurrence as a function of time. The differences between the categories mainly arise from relative intensity changes rather than from the presence or absence of specific peaks. The most frequent category exhibits a strong signal at m/z 44 and represents oxidized organic matter probably originating from both anthropogenic as well as biogenic sources. On the basis of spectral and trace gas correlations, the second most common category with strong signals at m/z 29, 43, and 44 contains contributions from isoprene oxidation products. The third through the fifth most common categories have peak patterns characteristic of monoterpene oxidation products and were most frequently observed when air masses from monoterpene rich regions were sampled. Taken together, the second through the fifth most common categories represent on average 17% of the total organic mass that stems likely from biogenic sources during the ship's cruise. These numbers have to be viewed as lower limits since the most common category was attributed to anthropogenic sources for this calculation. The cluster analysis was also very effective in identifying a few contaminated mass spectra that were not removed during pre-processing. This study demonstrates that hierarchical clustering is a useful tool to analyze the complex patterns of the organic peaks in bulk aerosol mass spectra from a field study. C1 ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Western Michigan Univ, Dept Chem, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. RP Marcolli, C (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. EM claudia.marcolli@env.ethz.ch RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 52 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 13 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 19 PY 2006 VL 6 BP 5649 EP 5666 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118LX UT WOS:000242944900001 ER PT J AU Ridley, MK Hackley, VA Machesky, ML AF Ridley, Moira K. Hackley, Vincent A. Machesky, Michael L. TI Characterization and surface-reactivity of nanocrystalline anatase in aqueous solutions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID RUTILE-WATER INTERFACE; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ELECTRICAL DOUBLE-LAYER; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; PARTICLE-SIZE; ELECTROPHORETIC MOBILITY; METAL TRANSPORT; NACL MEDIA; NANOPARTICLES; TIO2 AB The chemical and electrostatic interactions at mineral-water interfaces are of fundamental importance in many geochemical, materials science, and technological processes; however, the effects of particle size at the nanoscale on these interactions are poorly known. Therefore, comprehensive experimental and characterization studies were completed, to begin to assess the effects of particle size on the surface reactivity and charging of metal-oxide nanoparticles in aqueous solutions. Commercially available crystalline anatase (TiO2) particles were characterized using neutron and X-ray small-angle scattering, electron microscopy, and laser diffraction techniques. The 4 nm primary nanoparticles were found to exist almost exclusively in a hierarchy of agglomerated structures. Potentiometric and electrophoretic mobility titrations were completed in NaCl media at ionic strengths from (0.005 to 0.3) mol/kg, and 25 degrees C, with these two experimental techniques matched as closely as the different procedures permitted. The pH of zero net proton charge (pH(znpc), from potentiometric titration) and isoelectric point pH value (pH(iep), from electrophoretic mobility titrations) were both in near perfect agreement (6.85 +/- 0.02). At high ionic strengths the apparent pHznpc value was offset slightly toward lower pH values, which suggests some specific adsorption of the Na+ electrolyte ions. Proton-induced surface charge curves of nanocrystalline anatase were very similar to those of larger rutile crystallites when expressed relative to their respective pHznpc values, indicating that the development of positive and negative surface charge away from the pHznpc for nanocrystalline anatase is similar to that of larger TiO2 crystallites. C1 Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RP Ridley, MK (reprint author), Texas Tech Univ, Dept Geosci, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. EM moira.ridley@ttu.edu OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 68 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 19 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 26 BP 10972 EP 10982 DI 10.1021/la061774h PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 115ZB UT WOS:000242771200023 PM 17154573 ER PT J AU Krishnan, S Ward, RJ Hexemer, A Sohn, KE Lee, KL Angert, ER Fischer, DA Kramer, EJ Ober, CK AF Krishnan, Sitaraman Ward, Rebekah J. Hexemer, Alexander Sohn, Karen E. Lee, Kristen L. Angert, Esther R. Fischer, Daniel A. Kramer, Edward J. Ober, Christopher K. TI Surfaces of fluorinated pyridinium block copolymers with enhanced antibacterial activity SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID POLYMERIC PHOSPHONIUM SALTS; X-RAY-ABSORPTION; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CATIONIC BIOCIDES; QUATERNARY AMMONIUM; ALKYLATED POLYETHYLENIMINE; POLYCATIONIC BIOCIDES; FINE-STRUCTURE; BACTERIA; DERIVATIVES AB Polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) copolymers were quaternized with 1-bromohexane and 6-perfluorooctyl-1-bromohexane. Surfaces prepared from these polymers were characterized by contact angle measurements, near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The fluorinated pyridinium surfaces showed enhanced antibacterial activity compared to their nonfluorinated counterparts. Even a polymer with a relatively low molecular weight pyridinium block showed high antimicrobial activity. The bactericidal effect was found to be related to the molecular composition and organization in the top 2-3 nm of the surface and increased with increasing hydrophilicity and pyridinium concentration of the surface. C1 Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Cornell Univ, Dept Microbiol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem Engn, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kramer, EJ (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM edkramer@mrl.ucsb.edu; cober@ccmr.cornell.edu RI Krishnan, Sitaraman/C-5559-2011 OI Krishnan, Sitaraman/0000-0002-1228-8393 NR 56 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 4 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 19 PY 2006 VL 22 IS 26 BP 11255 EP 11266 DI 10.1021/la061384v PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 115ZB UT WOS:000242771200063 PM 17154613 ER PT J AU Zhao, XD Yu, GC Cho, YC Chabot-Couture, G Barisic, N Bourges, P Kaneko, N Li, Y Lu, L Motoyama, EM Vajk, OP Greven, M AF Zhao, Xudong Yu, Guichuan Cho, Yong-Chan Chabot-Couture, Guillaume Barisic, Neven Bourges, Philippe Kaneko, Nobuhisa Li, Yuan Lu, Li Motoyama, Eugene M. Vajk, Owen P. Greven, Martin TI Crystal growth and characterization of the model high-temperature superconductor HgBa2CuO4+delta SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID CU-O SYSTEM; COPPER-OXIDE SUPERCONDUCTORS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MERCURY; HGBA2CA2CU3O8+DELTA; HGBA2CACU2O6+DELTA; TRANSITION; YBA2CU3O7 AB Large, gram-sized single crystals (see figure) of the model high-temperature superconductor HgBa2CuO4+delta are obtained and characterized. The results demonstrate the high quality of the obtained crystals and the feasibility of inelastic neutron scattering measurements. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Stanford, CA 94309 USA. Jilin Univ, State Key Lab Inorgan Synth & Preparat Chem, Coll Chem, Changchun 130023, Peoples R China. Stanford Univ, Dept Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. CEA Saclay, CNRS, Leon Brillouin Lab, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Greven, M (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM greven@stanford.edu RI Yu, Guichuan/K-4025-2014; Barisic, Neven/E-4246-2015 NR 38 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 18 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD DEC 18 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 24 BP 3243 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200600931 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 123QI UT WOS:000243310000008 ER PT J AU Kalra, V Mendez, S Lee, JH Nguyen, H Marquez, M Joo, YL AF Kalra, Vibha Mendez, Sergio Lee, Jung Hun Nguyen, Huy Marquez, Manuel Joo, Yong Lak TI Confined assembly in coaxially electrospun block-copolymer fibers SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LAMELLAR DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; STYRENE TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER; SHEAR ALIGNMENT; ORIENTATION; NANOFIBERS; DEFORMATION; NANOTECHNOLOGY; MORPHOLOGY; COMPOSITE; FREQUENCY AB The evolution of polystyrene-polyisoprene block copolymer self-assembly is studied in coaxially electrospun nanofibers via annealing. The leftmost image shows the cross-sectional and longitudinal sections of as-spun fibers. Moving to the right, a transition of morphology can be seen from stacked disk structures for lower annealing temperatures to alternating concentric cylinders of polyisoprene and polystyrene for higher annealing temperatures and times. C1 Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. Philip Morris USA Inc, Res Ctr, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCTCN Ctr, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Joo, YL (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sch Chem & Biomol Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ylj2@cornell.edu NR 32 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 2 U2 37 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD DEC 18 PY 2006 VL 18 IS 24 BP 3299 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200601948 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 123QI UT WOS:000243310000020 ER PT J AU Powell, CJ Werner, WSM Smekal, W AF Powell, C. J. Werner, W. S. M. Smekal, W. TI Refined calculations of effective attenuation lengths for SiO2 film thicknesses by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MEAN FREE PATHS; AUGER-ELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; SURFACE-ANALYSIS; ATOMIC POTENTIALS; 50-2000-EV RANGE; ULTRATHIN SIO2; XPS; SIMULATION; TRANSPORT AB Electron effective attenuation lengths (EALs) for SiO2 films on Si are reported that were obtained from Monte Carlo simulations of substrate Si 2p(3/2) photoelectron transport for x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with Al K alpha and Mg K alpha x rays and SiO2 films of varying thicknesses. These EALs show a stronger dependence on SiO2 thickness than previous values found from an approximate algorithm. Since recent XPS data for SiO2 can be analyzed satisfactorily with thickness-independent EALs, the results indicate that intrinsic excitations and/or variations of inelastic-scattering probabilities near surfaces and interfaces appear to be significant in quantitative XPS. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 NIST, Surface & Microanalysis Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Allgemeine Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Powell, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Surface & Microanalysis Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cedric.powell@nist.gov RI Smekal, Werner/A-3985-2009 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 25 AR 252116 DI 10.1063/1.2422903 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 125AZ UT WOS:000243415200057 ER PT J AU Rowe, MA Gansen, EJ Greene, M Hadfield, RH Harvey, TE Su, MY Nam, SW Mirin, RP Rosenberg, D AF Rowe, M. A. Gansen, E. J. Greene, M. Hadfield, R. H. Harvey, T. E. Su, M. Y. Nam, S. W. Mirin, R. P. Rosenberg, D. TI Single-photon detection using a quantum dot optically gated field-effect transistor with high internal quantum efficiency SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON; STORAGE; LAYER AB We investigate the operation of a quantum dot, optically gated, field-effect transistor as a photon detector. The detector exhibits time-gated, single-shot, single-photon sensitivity, a linear response, and an internal quantum efficiency of up to (68 +/- 18)% at 4 K. Given the noise of the detector system, they find that a particular discriminator level can be chosen so the device operates with an internal quantum efficiency of (53 +/- 11)% and dark counts of 0.003 counts per shot. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Rowe, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mrowe@boulder.nist.gov RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 9 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 18 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 25 AR 253505 DI 10.1063/1.2403907 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 125AZ UT WOS:000243415200110 ER PT J AU Dorf, M Butler, JH Butz, A Camy-Peyret, C Chipperfield, MP Kritten, L Montzka, SA Simmes, B Weidner, F Pfeilsticker, K AF Dorf, M. Butler, J. H. Butz, A. Camy-Peyret, C. Chipperfield, M. P. Kritten, L. Montzka, S. A. Simmes, B. Weidner, F. Pfeilsticker, K. TI Long-term observations of stratospheric bromine reveal slow down in growth SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID POLAR FIRN AIR; PROFILE MEASUREMENTS; DIFFERENT LATITUDES; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; BRO; DISTRIBUTIONS; HALOCARBONS; INSTRUMENT; MONOXIDE; SPECTRA AB The total stratospheric inorganic bromine burden (Br-y) was derived from balloon-borne bromine monoxide (BrO) observations performed with the LPMA/DOAS (Limb Profile Monitor of the Atmosphere/Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy) balloon payload in the last ten years. The measurements show that significantly more ozone-depleting bromine ((4.1[or 4.3]+/- 2.5) ppt) reaches the stratosphere than the atmospheric transport of the major stratospheric bromine source gases, methyl bromide (CH3Br) and all halons can account for. The major contributors to this discrepancy are varying amounts of bromine tied in inorganic gases, particulate matter and very short-lived substances (VSLS) of natural origin. Despite the significant contribution of stratospheric bromine from natural processes, international protocols introduced to limit the production of brominated gases have been effective by slowing down the overall growth of Br-y. C1 Heidelberg Univ, Inst Umweltphys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Paris 06, Lab Phys Mol Atmosphere & Astrophys, Paris, France. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Dorf, M (reprint author), Heidelberg Univ, Inst Umweltphys, Neuenheimer Feld 229, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. EM marcel.dorf@iup.uni-heidelberg.de; James.H.Butler@noaa.gov; camy@ccr.jussieu.fr; martyn@env.leeds.ac.uk; stephen.a.montzka@noaa.org RI Butz, Andre/A-7024-2013; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; OI Butz, Andre/0000-0003-0593-1608; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400 NR 32 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 16 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 24 AR L24803 DI 10.1029/2006GL027714 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 118KZ UT WOS:000242942500003 ER PT J AU Pfister, GG Emmons, LK Hess, PG Honrath, R Lamarque, JF Martin, MV Owen, RC Avery, MA Browell, EV Holloway, JS Nedelec, P Purvis, R Ryerson, TB Sachse, GW Schlager, H AF Pfister, G. G. Emmons, L. K. Hess, P. G. Honrath, R. Lamarque, J. -F. Martin, M. Val Owen, R. C. Avery, M. A. Browell, E. V. Holloway, J. S. Nedelec, P. Purvis, R. Ryerson, T. B. Sachse, G. W. Schlager, H. TI Ozone production from the 2004 North American boreal fires SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY AFTIR; TROPICAL SOUTH-ATLANTIC; BIOMASS BURNING PLUMES; CARBON-MONOXIDE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; FAST-RESPONSE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; MEASUREMENTS ABOARD; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT AB [1] We examine the ozone production from boreal forest fires based on a case study of wildfires in Alaska and Canada in summer 2004. The model simulations were performed with the chemistry transport model, MOZART-4, and were evaluated by comparison with a comprehensive set of aircraft measurements. In the analysis we use measurements and model simulations of carbon monoxide (CO) and ozone (O-3) at the PICO-NARE station located in the Azores within the pathway of North American outflow. The modeled mixing ratios were used to test the robustness of the enhancement ratio Delta O-3/Delta CO (defined as the excess O-3 mixing ratio normalized by the increase in (CO) and the feasibility for using this ratio in estimating the O3 production from the wildfires. Modeled and observed enhancement ratios are about 0.25 ppbv/ppbv which is in the range of values found in the literature and results in a global net O-3 production of 12.9 +/- 2 Tg O-3 during summer 2004. This matches the net O-3 production calculated in the model for a region extending from Alaska to the east Atlantic (9-11 Tg O-3) indicating that observations at PICO-NARE representing photochemically well aged plumes provide a good measure of the O-3 production of North American boreal fires. However, net chemical loss of fire-related O-3 dominates in regions far downwind from the fires (e.g., Europe and Asia) resulting in a global net O-3 production of 6 Tg O3 during the same time period. On average, the fires increased the O-3 burden ( surface -300 mbar) over Alaska and Canada during summer 2004 by about 7-9% and over Europe by about 2-3%. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. CNRS, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Cranfield Univ, Facil Airborne Atmospher Measurement, Cranfield MK443 0AL, Beds, England. German Aerosp Ctr, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. RP Pfister, GG (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, 3350 Mitchell Lane, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. EM pfister@ucar.edu; emmons@ucar.edu; hess@ucar.edu; reh@mtu.edu; lamar@ucar.edu; mvalmart@mtu.edu; rcowen@mtu.edu; m.a.avery@larc.nasa.gov; edward.v.browell@.nasa.gov; nedp@aero.obs-mip.fr; rupu@faam.ac.uk; thomas.b.ryerson@noaa.gov; g.w.sachse@larc.nasa.gov; hans.schlager@dlr.de RI Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Val Martin, Maria/D-6955-2011; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212; NR 44 TC 68 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 16 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D24 AR D24S07 DI 10.1029/2006JD007695 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118LG UT WOS:000242943200008 ER PT J AU Sylvan, JB Dortch, Q Nelson, DM Brown, AFM Morrison, W Ammerman, JW AF Sylvan, Jason B. Dortch, Quay Nelson, David M. Brown, Alisa F. Maier Morrison, Wendy Ammerman, James W. TI Phosphorus limits phytoplankton growth on the Louisiana shelf during the period of hypoxia formation SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; MISSISSIPPI RIVER; COASTAL WATERS; NUTRIENT-LIMITATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NITROGEN; ESTUARY; TRANSFORMATIONS; EUTROPHICATION; ECOSYSTEMS AB The Louisiana shelf is the largest zone of seasonally oxygen-depleted coastal bottom water in the U. S. This condition results from the high freshwater and nutrient input from the Mississippi River and the resulting high primary productivity in the river plume. The hypoxic zone has doubled in area since regular measurements began in 1985. Identification of the nutrient(s) limiting phytoplankton growth on the shelf and their sources is important for developing hypoxia-reduction strategies; nitrogen (N) has been considered the most important to date. In this study, we measured multiple parameters addressing nutrient limitation or stress (nutrient concentrations and ratios, alkaline phosphatase activity, phosphorus (P) turnover times, and changes in chlorophyll a concentrations in nutrient enrichment bioassays) in the Mississippi River plume in March, May, July, and September of 2001. All results indicate that phytoplankton growth on the Louisiana shelf was limited by P in May and July of 2001. P limitation was weakly evident in March, but N was limiting in September. The observed P limitation in spring and summer probably results from the historical increases in riverine N due to excessive N loading and has potential implications for developing hypoxia reduction strategies. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. NOAA, COP, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Ammerman, JW (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM ammerman@imcs.rutgers.edu OI Sylvan, Jason/0000-0001-7361-7472 NR 40 TC 107 Z9 109 U1 3 U2 46 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 40 IS 24 BP 7548 EP 7553 DI 10.1021/es061417t PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 116HP UT WOS:000242793400019 PM 17256493 ER PT J AU Ren, DD Karoly, D AF Ren, Diandong Karoly, David TI Comparison of glacier-inferred temperatures with observations and climate model simulations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COUPLED MODEL; TRENDS AB A reconstructed temperature history for different regions of the globe was prepared by Oerlemans (2005) from length changes of 169 glaciers. In this study, we compare the glacier-inferred temperature variations over 1900-1990 with observed and climate model simulated temperatures for the global average and for five regions: Southern Hemisphere, northwest America, Atlantic, Asia, and the Alps. There is reasonable agreement between the glacier-inferred temperature trends and the observed temperature trends for the globe and in four of the five regions (except northwest America, NWAme). The trends for the globe and in these regions are significantly different from zero, cannot be explained by natural variability (again except for NWAme), and are consistent with the model-simulated response to anthropogenic forcing in all regions. Hence, it is likely that the glacier length reductions are outside the range of natural variations and due in part to regional warming associated with increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Ren, DD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Natl Weather Ctr, 100 E Boyd St, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM dd_ren@rossby.metr.ou.edu RI Karoly, David/C-8262-2011; Ren, Diandong/C-8870-2013 OI Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994; Ren, Diandong/0000-0002-5757-7527 NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 23 AR L23710 DI 10.1029/2006GL027856 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 118KY UT WOS:000242942400005 ER PT J AU Varela, RA Schwacke, L Fair, PA Bossart, GD AF Varela, Rene A. Schwacke, Lori Fair, Patricia A. Bossart, Gregory D. TI Effects of duration of capture and sample handling on critical care blood analytes in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins SO JAVMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article ID PORTABLE CLINICAL ANALYZER; REFERENCE INTERVALS; CHEMISTRY ANALYZER; RESPONSES; ACCURACY; VALUES; RECOMMENDATION; OUTLIERS; CHLORIDE; STRESS AB Objective-To determine effects of duration of capture and sample-handling procedures on blood analytes in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins. Design-Cross-sectional study. Animals-154 free-ranging bottlenose dolphins of various ages and both sexes. Procedures-Blood samples were drawn from each dolphin within 10 minutes of capture and before release and analyzed by use of a portable analyzer with a single-use 8-analyte disposable cartridge. Analyte values were compared according to duration between sample acquisition and analysis (time to run [TTR]) and duration between net encirclement and sample acquisition (time to bleed [TTB]). Results-Neither TTB nor TTR significantly affected sodium or chloride concentration. Potassium concentration was not significantly affected by TTR, whereas the effect of TTB was significant. Glucose, total CO2, HCO3, Hct, and base excess of extracellular fluid values were significantly affected by TTR. Increased TTB resulted in significantly increased total CO2, HCO3, and base excess when TTR was kept within 10 minutes. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance-The effect of TTB on certain acid-base and electrolyte values was readily measured in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins, and such values may provide a reference range for those variables. C1 Ocean Embassy Inc, Orlando, FL 32809 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Div Marine Mammal Res & Conservat, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Varela, RA (reprint author), Ocean Embassy Inc, 6433 Pinecastle Blvd,Ste 2, Orlando, FL 32809 USA. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER VETERINARY MEDICAL ASSOC PI SCHAUMBURG PA 1931 N MEACHAM RD SUITE 100, SCHAUMBURG, IL 60173-4360 USA SN 0003-1488 J9 JAVMA-J AM VET MED A JI JAVMA-J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 229 IS 12 BP 1955 EP 1961 DI 10.2460/javma.229.12.1955 PG 7 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 116JE UT WOS:000242797700031 PM 17173538 ER PT J AU Hourdakis, E Bryant, GW Zimmerman, NM AF Hourdakis, Emmanouel Bryant, Garnett W. Zimmerman, Neil M. TI Electrical breakdown in the microscale: Testing the standard theory SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED FIELD-EMISSION; SURFACE FLASHOVER; VACUUM; DEVICES AB We present breakdown voltage measurement data in air taken with a technique we have recently developed and present calculations that show that the common assumption that one protrusion is responsible for the observed current is not warranted. The data suggest that below 10 mu m of electrode separation the dominant effect is field emission of electrons. Analyzing the data in that regime, using the theory of standard field emission and field amplification on the surface of a conductor, we come to a prediction about the geometry of the surface protrusions on the electrodes. We look for these protrusions using an atomic force microscope. We find several reasons why the standard theory does not appear to explain our data and conclude that the standard theory is not sufficient. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hourdakis, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM emmanouel.hourdakis@nist.gov NR 21 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 12 AR 123306 DI 10.1063/1.2400103 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121LA UT WOS:000243157900019 ER PT J AU Josell, D AF Josell, D. TI A paradigm for interconnect geometry to reduce grain boundary resistance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONFORMAL ELECTRODEPOSITION; ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; SILVER; METALLIZATION; FILMS; COPPER; LINES AB Interconnects with nonuniform width are proposed for control of grain boundary density; the grain boundaries will be driven toward the narrowest locations to reduce the free energy of the system. The positive impact on electrical transport of the reduced grain boundary density is weighed against the negative impact of local constrictions and reduced line packing, with practical geometrical parameters quantified through consideration of sidewall roughness. It is found that technologically relevant sub-100-nm interconnects could benefit from use of this line geometry. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Josell, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.josell@nist.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 12 AR 123705 DI 10.1063/1.2401309 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121LA UT WOS:000243157900046 ER PT J AU Zheng, YG Geer, RE Dovidenko, K Kopycinska-Muller, M Hurley, DC AF Zheng, Yuegui Geer, Robert E. Dovidenko, Katharine Kopycinska-Mueller, Malgorzata Hurley, Donna C. TI Quantitative nanoscale modulus measurements and elastic imaging of SnO2 nanobelts SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ULTRASONIC FORCE MICROSCOPY; ANISOTROPIC HALF-SPACES; INDENTATION MODULUS; OXIDE NANOBELTS; DEPENDENCE; PRESSURE; CARBON; STIFF AB A comparative study of the elastic modulus and uniformity of single-crystal SnO2 nanobelts is presented employing two nondestructive techniques based on atomic force microscopy: differential ultrasonic force microscopy (d-UFM) and atomic force acoustic microcopy (AFAM). In mapping mode both techniques revealed a uniform elastic response across the surface of the nanobelts as expected for single-crystal nanostructures. Comparative analyses of the local indentation modulus (probe area approximate to 100-400 nm(2)) were undertaken using both techniques at multiple points on the same SnO2 nanobelt exhibiting a (102) surface crystalline orientation as determined by electron backscatter diffraction. Both d-UFM and AFAM exhibited excellent quantitative agreement yielding indentation moduli of 151 +/- 14 and 154 +/- 18 GPa, respectively. These values are significantly below the expected value of the (102) indentation modulus of 358 GPa for crystalline SnO2 determined from the Green's function model of Barnett and Lothe [Phys. Nors. 8, 13 (1975)] adapted by Vlassak [J. Mech. Phys. Solids 51, 1701 (2003)]. This observation is consistent with recent nanoindentation (destructive) measurements of (101) oriented SnO2 nanobelts that yielded an indentation modulus of 66 +/- 10 GPa, well below the expected value of 308 GPa. In addition to confirming the quantitative consistency and overall accuracy of nanoscale modulus measurements using d-UFM and AFAM, the overall trend in these data contradicts recent molecular dynamics studies that call for increased elastic moduli in similar nanobelt structures. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, Albany, NY 12203 USA. Gen Elect, Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zheng, YG (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Coll Nanoscale Sci & Engn, 1535 Western Ave, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM rgeer@uamail.albany.edu NR 29 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 12 AR 124308 DI 10.1063/1.2401027 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 121LA UT WOS:000243157900085 ER PT J AU Mei, Y Elliott, JT Smith, JR Langenbach, KJ Wu, T Xu, C Beers, KL Amis, EJ Henderson, L AF Mei, Ying Elliott, John T. Smith, Jack R. Langenbach, Kurt J. Wu, Tao Xu, Chang Beers, Kathryn L. Amis, Eric J. Henderson, Lori TI Gradient substrate assembly for quantifying cellular response to biomaterials SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE combinatorial study; gradient substrate assembly; poly(HEMA); graft density; fibronectin; geometric model; cell adhesion and spreading; quantitative fluorescence microscopy ID TRANSFER RADICAL POLYMERIZATION; INDUCED CONFORMATIONAL-CHANGES; DEFINED SURFACE CHEMISTRIES; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL); GRAFTING DENSITY; SILICON SURFACES; MODEL SURFACES; ADHESION; CELLS AB Using quantitative fluorescence microscopy in conjunction with a method of gradient substrate assembly established in their group, the authors were able to introduce and measure reproducible changes in cellular morphology and cell density by manipulating polymer grafting density. The mechanism behind this change in cellular behavior was explained by a semiempirical, geometric model that describes the effect of the spatial distribution of the polymer on protein attachment. A 10-fold increase in graft density of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) [PHEMA] along the surface of a gradient sample, preexposed to bovine fibronectin, caused a change in the size of fibroblasts on the surface (i.e., cell spreading) from (1238 +/- 704) to (377 +/- 216) mu m(2). The results were in quantitative agreement with those obtained on three separate gradient samples. Both cellular response and fibronectin adsorption (as measured via ellipsometry) were found to vary sigmoidally with graft density of PHEMA, demonstrating the high degree of correlation between the two phenomena. A simple, rigid-disk model accounting for the surface coverage of PHEMA was able to predict the amount of adsorbed fibronectin with a correlation coefficient of 0.97. Maximal cell adhesion and cell spreading were found to occur at fibronectin surface densities of 50 and 100 ng/cm(2), respectively. The results demonstrate the role of gradient substrate assembly as a method for quantifying the relationship between protein and cellular response to technologically relevant polymeric materials. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Henderson, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lori.henderson@nist.gov RI Zhou, Feng/E-9510-2011 NR 60 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1549-3296 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 79A IS 4 BP 974 EP 988 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.30883 PG 15 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 110EF UT WOS:000242360400022 PM 16948143 ER PT J AU Russell, JL Dixon, KW Gnanadesikan, A Stouffer, RJ Toggweiler, JR AF Russell, Joellen L. Dixon, Keith W. Gnanadesikan, Anand Stouffer, Ronald J. Toggweiler, J. R. TI The Southern Hemisphere westerlies in a warming world: Propping open the door to the deep ocean SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; CO2; SIMULATION; CYCLE AB A coupled climate model with poleward-intensified westerly winds simulates significantly higher storage of heat and anthropogenic carbon dioxide by the Southern Ocean in the future when compared with the storage in a model with initially weaker, equatorward-biased westerlies. This difference results from the larger outcrop area of the dense waters around Antarctica and more vigorous divergence, which remains robust even as rising atmospheric greenhouse gas levels induce warming that reduces the density of surface waters in the Southern Ocean. These results imply that the impact of warming on the stratification of the global ocean may be reduced by the poleward intensification of the westerlies, allowing the ocean to remove additional heat and anthropogenic carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Russell, JL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jrussell@email.arizona.edu RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Dixon, Keith/L-7120-2015; OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Dixon, Keith/0000-0003-3044-326X; Russell, Joellen/0000-0001-9937-6056 NR 29 TC 122 Z9 128 U1 6 U2 38 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 24 BP 6382 EP 6390 DI 10.1175/JCLI3984.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 119IH UT WOS:000243005500008 ER PT J AU Fairall, CW Bariteau, L Grachev, AA Hill, RJ Wolfe, DE Brewer, WA Tucker, SC Hare, JE Angevine, WM AF Fairall, C. W. Bariteau, L. Grachev, A. A. Hill, R. J. Wolfe, D. E. Brewer, W. A. Tucker, S. C. Hare, J. E. Angevine, W. M. TI Turbulent bulk transfer coefficients and ozone deposition velocity in the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research into Transport and Transformation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-SEA FLUXES; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; OFFSHORE FLOW; COASTAL ZONE; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DRAG COEFFICIENTS; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; PARAMETERIZATION; EVOLUTION; STRESS AB In this paper, we examine observations of shallow, stable boundary layers in the cool waters of the Gulf of Maine between Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and Nova Scotia, obtained in the 2004 New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS-04), which was part of the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research into Transport and Transformation (ICARTT). The observations described herein were made from the NOAA Research Vessel Ronald H. Brown. The ship was instrumented for measurements of meteorological, gas-phase and aerosol atmospheric chemistry variables. Meteorological instrumentation included a Doppler lidar, a radar wind profiler, rawinsonde equipment, and a surface flux package. In this study, we focus on direct comparisons of the NEAQS-04 flux observations with the COARE bulk flux algorithm to investigate possible coastal influences on air-sea interactions. We found significant suppression of the transfer coefficients for momentum, sensible heat, and latent heat; the suppression was correlated with lighter winds, more stable surface layers, S-SE wind direction, and lower boundary layer heights. Analysis of the details shows the suppression is not a measurement, stability correction, or surface wave effect. The correlation with boundary layer height is consistent with an interpretation that our measurements at 18-m height do not realize the full surface flux in shallow boundary layers. We also find that a bulk Richardson number threshold of 0.1 gives a better estimate of boundary layer height than 0.25 or 0.5. Mean ozone deposition velocity is estimated as 0.44 mm s(-1), corresponding to a boundary removal timescale of about 1 day. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study Int Project, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. RP Fairall, CW (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, R-PSD03,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chris.fairall@noaa.gov RI Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; OI Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 NR 49 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23S20 DI 10.1029/JD007597 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118LD UT WOS:000242942900002 ER PT J AU Wilczak, J McKeen, S Djalalova, I Grell, G Peckham, S Gong, W Bouchet, V Moffet, R McHenry, J McQueen, J Lee, P Tang, Y Carmichael, GR AF Wilczak, J. McKeen, S. Djalalova, I. Grell, G. Peckham, S. Gong, W. Bouchet, V. Moffet, R. McHenry, J. McQueen, J. Lee, P. Tang, Y. Carmichael, G. R. TI Bias-corrected ensemble and probabilistic forecasts of surface ozone over eastern North America during the summer of 2004 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TRACE-P; MODEL; SYSTEM AB A multimodel ensemble air quality forecasting system was created as part of the New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS-2004) during the summer of 2004. Seven different models were used, with their own meteorology, emissions, and chemical mechanisms. In addition, one model was run at two different horizontal grid resolutions, providing a total of eight members for the ensemble. Model forecasts of surface ozone were verified at 342 sites from the EPA's AIRNOW observational network, over a 56 day period in July and August 2004. Because significant biases were found for each of the models, a simple 7-day running mean bias correction technique was implemented. The 7-day bias correction is found to improve the forecast skill of all of the individual models and to work nearly equally well over the entire range of observed ozone values. Also, bias-corrected model skill is found to increase with the length of the bias correction training period, but the increase is gradual, with most of the improvement occurring with only a 1 or 2 day bias correction. Analysis of the ensemble forecasts demonstrates that for a variety of skill measures the ensemble usually has greater skill than each of the individual models, and the ensemble of the bias-corrected models has the highest skill of all. In addition to the higher skill levels, the ensemble also provides potentially useful probabilistic information on the ozone forecasts, which is evaluated using several different techniques. C1 NOAA, Environm Sci Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. NOAA, Environm Sci Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Weather Serv Natl Ctr, Environm Predict Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Baron Adv Meteorol Syst, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. NOAA, Environm Sci Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wilczak, J (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Sci Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM james.m.wilczak@noaa.gov RI McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; grell, georg/B-6234-2015; Lee, Pius/D-5201-2016; Tang, Youhua/D-5205-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI grell, georg/0000-0001-5214-8742; Tang, Youhua/0000-0001-7089-7915; NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23S28 DI 10.1029/2006JD007598 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118LD UT WOS:000242942900003 ER PT J AU Tung, S Schweikhard, V Cornell, EA AF Tung, S. Schweikhard, V. Cornell, E. A. TI Observation of vortex pinning in Bose-Einstein condensates SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LATTICES; TRANSITION; ATOMS; GAS AB We report the observation of vortex pinning in rotating gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates. Vortices are pinned to columnar pinning sites created by a corotating optical lattice superimposed on the rotating Bose-Einstein condensates. We study the effects of two types of optical lattice: triangular and square. In both geometries we see an orientation locking between the vortex and the optical lattices. At sufficient intensity the square optical lattice induces a structural crossover in the vortex lattice. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tung, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 22 TC 155 Z9 155 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 24 AR 240402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.240402 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 117QT UT WOS:000242888700002 PM 17280257 ER PT J AU Alverson, K Baker, DJ AF Alverson, Keith Baker, D. James TI Taking the pulse of the oceans SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 UNESCO, IOC, Global Ocean Observing Syst, F-75732 Paris 15, France. UNESCO, IOC, Ocean Observat & Serv, F-75732 Paris 15, France. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Washington, DC USA. RP Alverson, K (reprint author), UNESCO, IOC, Global Ocean Observing Syst, 1 Rue Miollis, F-75732 Paris 15, France. EM k.alverson@unesco.org; djamesbaker@comcast.net NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1657 EP 1657 DI 10.1126/science.1135358 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600001 PM 17170257 ER PT J AU McPhaden, MJ Zebiak, SE Glantz, MH AF McPhaden, Michael J. Zebiak, Stephen E. Glantz, Michael H. TI ENSO as an integrating concept in Earth science SO SCIENCE LA English DT Review ID 1997-98 EL-NINO; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURES; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; LA-NINA; MULTIMODEL ENSEMBLES; CLIMATE FORECASTS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; UNITED-STATES; OCEAN; EVOLUTION AB The El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle of alternating warm El Nino and cold La Nina events is the dominant year-to-year climate signal on Earth. ENSO originates in the tropical Pacific through interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere, but its environmental and socioeconomic impacts are felt worldwide. Spurred on by the powerful 1997-1998 El Nino, efforts to understand the causes and consequences of ENSO have greatly expanded in the past few years. These efforts reveal the breadth of ENSO's influence on the Earth system and the potential to exploit its predictability for societal benefit. However, many intertwined issues regarding ENSO dynamics, impacts, forecasting, and applications remain unresolved. Research to address these issues will not only lead to progress across a broad range of scientific disciplines but also provide an opportunity to educate the public and policy makers about the importance of climate variability and change in the modern world. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Int Res Inst Climate & Soc, Palisades, NY USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP McPhaden, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM michael.j.mcphaden@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 68 TC 369 Z9 386 U1 9 U2 107 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1740 EP 1745 DI 10.1126/science.1132588 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600048 PM 17170296 ER PT J AU Sibert, J Hampton, J Kleiber, P Maunder, M AF Sibert, John Hampton, John Kleiber, Pierre Maunder, Mark TI Biomass, size, and trophic status of top predators in the Pacific Ocean SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Fisheries have removed at least 50 million tons of tuna and other top-level predators from the Pacific Ocean pelagic ecosystem since 1950, leading to concerns about a catastrophic reduction in population biomass and the collapse of oceanic food chains. We analyzed all available data from Pacific tuna fisheries for 1950-2004 to provide comprehensive estimates of fishery impacts on population biomass and size structure. Current biomass ranges among species from 36 to 91% of the biomass predicted in the absence of fishing, a level consistent with or higher than standard fisheries management targets. Fish larger than 175 centimeters fork length have decreased from 5% to approximately 1% of the total population. The trophic level of the catch has decreased slightly, but there is no detectable decrease in the trophic level of the population. These results indicate substantial, though not catastrophic, impacts of fisheries on these top-level predators and minor impacts on the ecosystem in the Pacific Ocean. C1 Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Secretariat Pacific Community, Ocean Fisheries Programme, Noumea 98848, New Caledonia. NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Interamer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Sibert, J (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM sibert@hawaii.edu NR 1 TC 137 Z9 141 U1 5 U2 40 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 314 IS 5806 BP 1773 EP 1776 DI 10.1126/science.1135347 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 116WD UT WOS:000242833600058 PM 17170304 ER PT J AU Incardona, JP Day, HL Collier, TK Scholz, NL AF Incardona, John P. Day, Heather L. Collier, Tracy K. Scholz, Nathaniel L. TI Developmental toxicity of 4-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in zebrafish is differentially dependent on AH receptor isoforms and hepatic cytochrome P4501A metabolism SO TOXICOLOGY AND APPLIED PHARMACOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fossil fuels; non-point source pollution; fish development; cardiotoxicity; hepatotoxicity; mixture toxicity ID WEATHERED CRUDE-OIL; EARLY-LIFE STAGES; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; HERRING CLUPEA-PALLASI; APOPTOTIC CELL-DEATH; DANIO-RERIO; NARCOTIC CHEMICALS; FISH EMBRYOS; CIRCULATION FAILURE; TECHNICAL BASIS AB Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) derived from fossil fuels are ubiquitous contaminants and occur in aquatic habitats as highly variable and complex mixtures of compounds containing 2 to 6 rings. For aquatic species, PAHs are generally accepted as acting through either of two modes of action: (1) "dioxin-like" toxicity mediated by activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), which controls a battery of genes involved in PAH metabolism, such as cytochrome P4501A (CYP1A) and (2) "nonpolar narcosis", in which tissue uptake is dependent solely on hydrophobicity and toxicity is mediated through non-specific partitioning into lipid bilayers. As part of a systematic analysis of mechanisms of PAH developmental toxicity in zebrafish, we show here that three tetracyclic PAHs (pyrene, chrysene, and benz[a]anthracene) activate the AHR pathway tissue-specifically to induce distinct patterns of CYP1A expression. Using morpholino knockdown of ahr1a, ahr2, and cyp1a, we show that distinct embryolarval syndromes induced by exposure to two of these compounds are differentially dependent on tissue-specific activation of AHR isoforms or metabolism by CYP1A. Exposure of embryos with and without circulation (silent heart morphants) resulted in dramatically different patterns of CYP1A induction, with circulation required to deliver some compounds to internal tissues. Therefore, biological effects of PAHs cannot be predicted simply by quantitative measures of AHR activity or a compound's hydrophobicity. These results indicate that current models of PAH toxicity in fish are greatly oversimplified and that individual PAHs are pharmacologically active compounds with distinct and specific cellular targets. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Incardona, JP (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.incardona@noaa.gov RI Scholz, Nathaniel/L-1642-2013 OI Scholz, Nathaniel/0000-0001-6207-0272 NR 67 TC 137 Z9 143 U1 3 U2 69 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0041-008X J9 TOXICOL APPL PHARM JI Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. PD DEC 15 PY 2006 VL 217 IS 3 BP 308 EP 321 DI 10.1016/j.taap.2006.09.018 PG 14 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 121FM UT WOS:000243143500009 PM 17112560 ER PT J AU Chase, TN Wolter, K Pielke, RA Rasool, I AF Chase, Thomas N. Wolter, Klaus Pielke, Roger A., Sr. Rasool, Ichtiaque TI Was the 2003 European summer heat wave unusual in a global context? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURES; NORTH-AMERICAN; EL-NINO; CLIMATE; TRENDS AB We place the European summer heat wave of 2003 in the context of other extreme summer tropospheric temperature events from 22 degrees N to 80 degrees N since 1979, as well as globally using annual averages. The analysis is performed in terms of standard deviations (SD) exceeded and correlations between regional extremes and temperatures at larger spatial scales. As has been pointed out previously the heat wave was statistically unusual and was a deep tropospheric phenomenon. In this analysis we also find the following. (1) Extreme warm anomalies equally, or more, unusual than the 2003 heat wave occur regularly. (2) Extreme cold anomalies also occur regularly and occasionally exceed the magnitude of the 2003 warm anomaly in terms of the value of SD. (3) There is a correlation between global and hemispheric average temperature and the presence of warm or cold regional anomalies of the same sign (i.e., warmer than average years have more regional heat waves and colder than average years have more cold waves). (4) Natural variability in the form of El Nino and volcanic eruptions appear to be of much greater importance in causing extreme regional temperature anomalies than a simple upward trend in time. Extreme temperature anomalies in the wake of the 1997-98 El Nino were larger than the anomalies seen in summer 2003 both in area affected and SD extremes exceeded. (5) Regression analyses do not provide strong support for the idea that regional heat waves are increasing with time. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, PAOS, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Chase, TN (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, CB 216, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tchase@cires.colorado.edu; klaus.wolter@noaa.gov; pielkesr@cires.colorado.edu; ichtiaque@aol.com RI Pielke, Roger/A-5015-2009; Wolter, Klaus/D-5988-2015 NR 16 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 23 AR L23709 DI 10.1029/2006GL027470 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 118KX UT WOS:000242942300002 ER PT J AU Froidevaux, L Livesey, NJ Read, WG Salawitch, RJ Waters, JW Drouin, B MacKenzie, IA Pumphrey, HC Bernath, P Boone, C Nassar, R Montzka, S Elkins, J Cunnold, D Waugh, D AF Froidevaux, L. Livesey, N. J. Read, W. G. Salawitch, R. J. Waters, J. W. Drouin, B. MacKenzie, I. A. Pumphrey, H. C. Bernath, P. Boone, C. Nassar, R. Montzka, S. Elkins, J. Cunnold, D. Waugh, D. TI Temporal decrease in upper atmospheric chlorine SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HALOGEN OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; AURA SATELLITE; EOS MLS; AGE; AIR AB We report a steady decrease in the upper stratospheric and lower mesospheric abundances of hydrogen chloride (HCl) from August 2004 through January 2006, as measured by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) aboard the Aura satellite. For 60 degrees S to 60 degrees N zonal means, the average yearly change in the 0.7 to 0.1 hPa (similar to 50 to 65 km) region is similar to 27 +/- 3 pptv/year, or similar to 0.78 +/- 0.08 percent/year. This is consistent with surface abundance decrease rates (about 6 to 7 years earlier) in chlorine source gases. The MLS data confirm that international agreements to reduce global emissions of ozone-depleting industrial gases are leading to global decreases in the total gaseous chlorine burden. Tracking stratospheric HCl variations on a seasonal basis is now possible with MLS data. Inferred stratospheric total chlorine (Cl-TOT) has a value of 3.60 ppbv at the beginning of 2006, with a (2-sigma) accuracy estimate of 7%; the stratospheric chlorine loading has decreased by about 43 pptv in the 18-month period studied here. We discuss the MLS HCl measurements in the context of other satellite-based HCl data, as well as expectations from surface chlorine data. A mean age of air of similar to 5.5 years and an age spectrum width of 2 years or less provide a fairly good fit to the ensemble of measurements. C1 CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. NOAA, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RP Froidevaux, L (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM lucien@mls.jpl.nasa.gov RI Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013 OI Montzka, Stephen/0000-0002-9396-0400; Nassar, Ray/0000-0001-6282-1611; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 23 AR L23812 DI 10.1029/2006GL027600 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 118KX UT WOS:000242942300003 ER PT J AU Kunkel, CM Hallberg, RW Oppenheimer, M AF Kunkel, Catherine M. Hallberg, Robert W. Oppenheimer, Michael TI Coral reefs reduce tsunami impact in model simulations SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MASS-TRANSFER; RESILIENCE; ROUGHNESS; NEARSHORE; ISLAND; FLAT AB Significant buffering of the impact of tsunamis by coral reefs is suggested by limited observations and some anecdotal reports, particularly following the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Here we simulate tsunami run-up on idealized topographies in one and two dimensions using a nonlinear shallow water model and show that a sufficiently wide barrier reef within a meter or two of the surface reduces run-up on land on the order of 50%. We studied topographies representative of volcanic islands (islands with no continental shelf) but our conclusions may pertain to other topographies. Effectiveness depends on the amplitude and wavelength of the incident tsunami, as well as the geometry and health of the reef and the offshore distance of the reef. Reducing the threat to reefs from anthropogenic nutrients, sedimentation, fishing practices, channel-building, and global warming would help to protect some islands against tsunamis. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Kunkel, CM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ckunkel@alumni.princeton.edu NR 26 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 14 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 23 AR L23612 DI 10.1029/2006GL027892 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 118KX UT WOS:000242942300005 ER PT J AU Fehsenfeld, FC Ancellet, G Bates, TS Goldstein, AH Hardesty, RM Honrath, R Law, KS Lewis, AC Leaitch, R McKeen, S Meagher, J Parrish, DD Pszenny, AAP Russell, PB Schlager, H Seinfeld, J Talbot, R Zbinden, R AF Fehsenfeld, F. C. Ancellet, G. Bates, T. S. Goldstein, A. H. Hardesty, R. M. Honrath, R. Law, K. S. Lewis, A. C. Leaitch, R. McKeen, S. Meagher, J. Parrish, D. D. Pszenny, A. A. P. Russell, P. B. Schlager, H. Seinfeld, J. Talbot, R. Zbinden, R. TI International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT): North America to Europe - Overview of the 2004 summer field study SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; NORTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; ATLANTIC FLIGHT CORRIDOR; AIRCRAFT EXHAUST PLUMES; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; LIQUID SAMPLER PILS; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS AB [1] In the summer of 2004 several separate field programs intensively studied the photochemical, heterogeneous chemical and radiative environment of the troposphere over North America, the North Atlantic Ocean, and western Europe. Previous studies have indicated that the transport of continental emissions, particularly from North America, influences the concentrations of trace species in the troposphere over the North Atlantic and Europe. An international team of scientists, representing over 100 laboratories, collaborated under the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) umbrella to coordinate the separate field programs in order to maximize the resulting advances in our understanding of regional air quality, the transport, chemical transformation and removal of aerosols, ozone, and their precursors during intercontinental transport, and the radiation balance of the troposphere. Participants utilized nine aircraft, one research vessel, several ground-based sites in North America and the Azores, a network of aerosol-ozone lidars in Europe, satellites, balloon borne sondes, and routine commercial aircraft measurements. In this special section, the results from a major fraction of those platforms are presented. This overview is aimed at providing operational and logistical information for those platforms, summarizing the principal findings and conclusions that have been drawn from the results, and directing readers to specific papers for further details. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Paris 06, Serv Aeron, CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, F-75252 Paris, France. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-82230 Wessling, Germany. CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Toulouse 3, Lab Aerol, UMR 5560 CNRS, Observ Midi Pyrenees, F-31400 Toulouse, France. RP Fehsenfeld, FC (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.d.parrish@noaa.gov RI McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Lewis, Alastair/A-6721-2008; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Lewis, Alastair/0000-0002-4075-3651; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; NR 204 TC 118 Z9 121 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 14 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23S01 DI 10.1029/2006JD007829 PG 36 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118LC UT WOS:000242942800006 ER PT J AU Folkins, I Bernath, P Boone, C Donner, LJ Eldering, A Lesins, G Martin, RV Sinnhuber, BM Walker, K AF Folkins, Ian Bernath, P. Boone, C. Donner, L. J. Eldering, A. Lesins, Glen Martin, R. V. Sinnhuber, B. -M. Walker, K. TI Testing convective parameterizations with tropical measurements of HNO3, CO, H2O, and O-3: Implications for the water vapor budget SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODELS; IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; CUMULUS CONVECTION; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; CROSS-TROPOPAUSE; DEEP CONVECTION; MASS FLUXES; CLOUD AB [1] The updraft and downdraft mass flux profiles generated by convective parameterizations differ significantly from each other. Most convective parameterizations are tested against temperature and relative humidity profiles from radiosondes. Chemical tracers provide important additional constraints on the vertical redistribution of mass by convective parameterizations. We compile tropical climatologies of water vapor (H2O), ozone (O-3), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitric acid (HNO3) from a variety of satellite, aircraft, and balloon-based measurement platforms. These climatologies are compared with the profiles predicted by a variant of the Emanuel convective parameterization, a two-column model of the tropical atmosphere, and by the implementations of the Relaxed Arakawa Schubert (RAS) and Zhang and McFarlane (ZM) parameterizations in a three-dimensional global forecast model. In general, the models with more pronounced convective outflow in the upper troposphere compare more favorably with observations. These models are associated with increased evaporative moistening in the middle and lower troposphere. C1 Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Folkins, I (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS B3H 3J5, Canada. EM ian.folkins@dal.ca RI Martin, Randall/A-2051-2008; Bernath, Peter/B-6567-2012; Sinnhuber, Bjorn-Martin/A-7007-2013; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014 OI Bernath, Peter/0000-0002-1255-396X; Sinnhuber, Bjorn-Martin/0000-0001-9608-7320; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402 NR 54 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 14 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23304 DI 10.1029/2006JD007325 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118LC UT WOS:000242942800005 ER PT J AU Gove, JM Merrifield, MA Brainard, RE AF Gove, Jamison M. Merrifield, Mark A. Brainard, Russell E. TI Temporal variability of current-driven upwelling at Jarvis Island SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TAHITI SHUTTLE EXPERIMENT; PACIFIC; HAWAII; OCEAN; WATER; FLOW; REEF AB The temporal variability of upwelling on the western side of Jarvis Island, caused by the island blocking of free stream currents, is investigated using in situ and shipboard observations. Variations in upwelling are related to changes in the strength and depth of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) caused by wind-forcing at different timescales. Seasonally, the strongest upwelling at Jarvis occurs in boreal spring when a weakening of the trade winds in the eastern and central Pacific coincides with a locally shallow thermocline and shallow and strong EUC. Year to year differences in springtime upwelling are associated with the strength of the trade winds in the western Pacific; intensified trade winds associated with La Nina conditions favor the shoaling of the thermocline and the EUC at Jarvis. On intraseasonal timescales, upwelling events at Jarvis are linked to local trade wind bursts, which cause a regional upwelling that also enhances EUC-driven upwelling. Strong (>1.00 m s(-1)) near-surface eastward currents measured at Jarvis, associated with trade wind relaxations in the central Pacific, are downwelling favorable. During periods of EUC-driven upwelling, interactions of the semidiurnal tide with Jarvis result in abrupt cold spikes (1-4 degrees C) that tend to occur at similar to 12 hour period. Tidal currents and temperature fluctuate 180 degrees out of phase, such that minimum temperatures coincide with maximum eastward current. The high-frequency upwelling appears to be most consistent with the presence of internal tides. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI USA. RP Gove, JM (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jamison.gove@noaa.gov NR 21 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 14 PY 2006 VL 111 IS C12 AR C12011 DI 10.1029/2005JC003161 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 118LQ UT WOS:000242944200001 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Feng, XS Wu, ST Dryer, M Fry, CD AF Wu, Chin-Chun Feng, X. S. Wu, S. T. Dryer, M. Fry, C. D. TI Effects of the interaction and evolution of interplanetary shocks on "background" solar wind speeds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SLOW SHOCKS; TIME; HELIOSPHERE AB Solar wind speed plays an important role in the study of space weather prediction. Some workers have used it for measuring the arrival time of solar disturbances at 1 AU. The purpose of this work is to extend our previous study (Wu et al., 2005c) of some Halloween 2003 events by presenting additional physical effects of multiple shock interactions on the solar wind profile during a complex compound event. In order to achieve this goal, we track a group of specific solar events' plasma and magnetic field output as they propagate into interplanetary space. A one-dimensional, time-dependent adaptive grid MHD code is used to study the evolution and interaction of shocks from Sun through the heliosphere. The MHD simulation results demonstrate that the solar wind speed might increase about approximate to 25% after two shocks collide with each other. This kind of interaction can affect the accuracy of the identification of the solar source that causes the interplanetary event (e.g., magnetic cloud, coronal mass ejection, interplanetary shock, or some other interplanetary discontinuity.) In this study we further simulate part of the famous Halloween 2003 events that contain at least four major solar events ( flares) during 28 October to 1 November 2003. These major events, simulated by pressure pulses, generated shocks that matched well with ACE (Advanced Composition Explorer) observations as reported by Wu et al. (2005c) in our previous study. The present work presents new details concerning the interplay (such as sunward and antisunward traveling compression and rarefaction waves) between fast forward and fast reverse interplanetary shocks. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Lab Space Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. NOAA Space Environm Lab Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM wuc@cspar.uah.edu; fengx@spaceweather.ac.cn; wus@cspar.uah.edu; murray.dryer@noaa.gov; gfry@expi.com NR 20 TC 17 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2006 VL 111 IS A12 AR A12104 DI 10.1029/2006JA011615 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 118NN UT WOS:000242949100001 ER PT J AU Tubergen, MJ Lavrich, RJ Plusquellic, DF Suenram, RD AF Tubergen, M. J. Lavrich, R. J. Plusquellic, D. F. Suenram, R. D. TI Rotational spectra and conformational structures of 1-phenyl-2-propanol, methamphetamine, and 1-phenyl-2-propanone SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INITIO MO CALCULATIONS; AB-INITIO; MOLECULES AB Microwave spectra have been recorded for 1-phenyl-2-propanol, methamphetamine, and 1-phenyl-2-propanone from 11 to 24 GHz using a Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. Only one spectrum from a single conformational isomer was observed for each species. The rotational transitions in the spectrum of 1-phenyl-2-propanone were split into separate transitions arising from the A- and E-torsional levels of the methyl rotor. The fit of the E-state transitions to a "high-barrier" internal rotation Hamiltonian determines V-3 = 238(1) cm(-1) and rotor- axis angles of theta(a) = 87.7(5)degrees, theta(b) = 50.0(5)degrees, and theta(c) = 40.0(5)degrees. Ab initio optimizations (MP2/6-31G*) and single-point calculations (MP2/6-311++G**) were used to model the structures of 1-phenyl-2-propanol, methamphetamine, and 1-phenyl-2-propanone. The lowest energy conformations of these species were found to be stabilized by weak OH-pi, NH-pi, and CH-pi hydrogen-bonding interactions. Moments of inertia, derived from the model structures, were used to assign the spectra to the lowest energy conformation of each species. A series of MP2/6-31G* partial optimizations along the internal rotation pathway were used to estimate the barrier to methyl rotation to be 355 cm(-1) for 1-phenyl-2-propanone. C1 Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tubergen, MJ (reprint author), Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44242 USA. EM mtuberge@kent.edu NR 19 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 14 PY 2006 VL 110 IS 49 BP 13188 EP 13194 DI 10.1021/jp064810u PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 113VK UT WOS:000242625900010 PM 17149832 ER PT J AU Dokka, RK Sella, GF Dixon, TH AF Dokka, Roy K. Sella, Giovanni F. Dixon, Timothy H. TI Tectonic control of subsidence and southward displacement of southeast Louisiana with respect to stable North America SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; RANGE PROVINCE; BASIN; SALT; DEFORMATION; EVOLUTION; PLAIN AB GPS data collected between 1995 and 2006 suggest that southeast Louisiana, including New Orleans and the larger Mississippi Delta, are both subsiding vertically and moving southward with respect to stable North America. Both motions are likely related due to their common tectonic setting. Subsidence in the New Orleans area occurs in part because it is located in the hanging wall of a large listric normal fault system that forms the northern boundary of a 7-10 km thick allochthon that is detached from stable North America. Southward motion of this allochthon relative to stable North America occurs at 2.2 +/- 0.6 mm/yr. The average subsidence rate for GPS sites located on the allochthon is 5.2 +/- 0.9 mm/yr relative to Earth's center of mass, or similar to 7 mm/yr relative to mean sea level. Motion of the allochthon is likely due to the gravity instability created by rapid Holocene sediment deposition in the delta following continental glacial retreat and is facilitated at depth by weak salt horizons. Because New Orleans and other communities of southeastern Louisiana lie atop this active allochthon, future motion of this body should be considered during rebuilding of the region following Hurricanes Katrina and Rita. C1 Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Geoinformat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Dokka, RK (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Ctr Geoinformat, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM rdokka1@lsu.edu; giovanni.sella@noaa.gov; tdixon@rsmas.miami.edu NR 38 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 23 AR L23308 DI 10.1029/2006GL027250 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 118KW UT WOS:000242942200001 ER PT J AU Winton, M AF Winton, Michael TI Does the Arctic sea ice have a tipping point? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODELS; INSTABILITY AB Two IPCC fourth assessment report climate models have Arctic Ocean simulations that become sea-ice-free year around in 1%/year CO2 increase to quadrupling experiments. These runs are examined for evidence of accelerated climate change associated with the removal of sea ice, particularly due to increasing surface albedo feedback. Both models become seasonally ice-free at an annual mean polar temperature of -9 degrees C without registering much impact on the surface albedo feedback or disturbing the linear relationship between Arctic Ocean climate change and that of the surrounding region. When the polar temperature rises above -5 degrees C, however, there is a sharp increase in the surface albedo feedback of one of the models, driving an abrupt elimination of Arctic ice and an increase in temperature above that expected from warming of the surrounding region. The transition to ice-free conditions is more linear in the other model, with ocean heat flux playing the primary driving role. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Winton, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM michael.winton@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 156 Z9 160 U1 7 U2 53 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 23 AR L23504 DI 10.1029/2006GL028017 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 118KW UT WOS:000242942200005 ER PT J AU Peterson, VK Liu, Y Brown, CM Kepert, CJ AF Peterson, Vanessa K. Liu, Yun Brown, Craig M. Kepert, Cameron J. TI Neutron powder diffraction study of D-2 sorption in Cu-3(1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate)(2) SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; PRUSSIAN BLUE ANALOGS; HYDROGEN STORAGE; CU C1 Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Kepert, CJ (reprint author), Univ Sydney, Sch Chem, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. EM c.kepert@chem.usyd.edu.au RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 NR 13 TC 199 Z9 200 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD DEC 13 PY 2006 VL 128 IS 49 BP 15578 EP 15579 DI 10.1021/ja0660857 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 113CM UT WOS:000242575300015 PM 17147353 ER PT J AU Morey, JS Ryan, JC Van Dolah, FM AF Morey, Jeanine S. Ryan, James C. Van Dolah, Frances M. TI Microarray validation: factors influencing correlation between oligonucleotide microarrays and real-time PCR SO BIOLOGICAL PROCEDURES ONLINE LA English DT Article DE polymerase chain reaction; microarray analysis; gene expression; nucleic acid amplification techniques; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; RNA ID GENE-EXPRESSION MEASUREMENTS; RT-PCR; CDNA; RNA; ARRAY; QUANTIFICATION; TECHNOLOGIES; TISSUE; BRAIN AB Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) is a commonly used validation tool for confirming gene expression results obtained from microarray analysis; however, microarray and qPCR data often result in disagreement. The current study assesses factors contributing to the correlation between these methods in five separate experiments employing two-color 60-mer oligonucleotide microarrays and qPCR using SYBR green. Overall, significant correlation was observed between microarray and qPCR results (rho = 0.708, p < 0.0001, n = 277) using these platforms. The contribution of factors including up- vs. down-regulation, spot intensity, rho-value, fold-change, cycle threshold (C-t), array averaging, tissue type, and tissue preparation was assessed. Filtering of microarray data for measures of quality (fold-change and rho-value) proves to be the most critical factor, with significant correlations of rho > 0.80 consistently observed when quality scores are applied. C1 NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Morey, JS (reprint author), 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Jeanine.Morey@noaa.gov OI Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785 NR 28 TC 303 Z9 309 U1 1 U2 36 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1480-9222 J9 BIOL PROCED ONLINE JI Biol. Proced. Online PD DEC 12 PY 2006 VL 8 BP 175 EP 193 DI 10.1251/bpo126 PG 19 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 118NB UT WOS:000242947900001 PM 17242735 ER PT J AU Cooper, OR Stohl, A Trainer, M Thompson, AM Witte, JC Oltmans, SJ Morris, G Pickering, KE Crawford, JH Chen, G Cohen, RC Bertram, TH Wooldridge, P Perring, A Brune, WH Merrill, J Moody, JL Tarasick, D Nedelec, P Forbes, G Newchurch, MJ Schmidlin, FJ Johnson, BJ Turquety, S Baughcum, SL Ren, X Fehsenfeld, FC Meagher, JF Spichtinger, N Brown, CC McKeen, SA McDermid, IS Leblanc, T AF Cooper, O. R. Stohl, A. Trainer, M. Thompson, A. M. Witte, J. C. Oltmans, S. J. Morris, G. Pickering, K. E. Crawford, J. H. Chen, G. Cohen, R. C. Bertram, T. H. Wooldridge, P. Perring, A. Brune, W. H. Merrill, J. Moody, J. L. Tarasick, D. Nedelec, P. Forbes, G. Newchurch, M. J. Schmidlin, F. J. Johnson, B. J. Turquety, S. Baughcum, S. L. Ren, X. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Meagher, J. F. Spichtinger, N. Brown, C. C. McKeen, S. A. McDermid, I. S. Leblanc, T. TI Large upper tropospheric ozone enhancements above midlatitude North America during summer: In situ evidence from the IONS and MOZAIC ozone measurement network SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INDUCED FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; DISPERSION MODEL FLEXPART; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN-OXIDES; ATLANTIC-OCEAN; REACTIVE NITROGEN; TRANSPORT MODELS; ATMOSPHERIC NO2; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ART. AB The most extensive set of free tropospheric ozone measurements ever compiled across midlatitude North America was measured with daily ozonesondes, commercial aircraft and a lidar at 14 sites during July-August 2004. The model estimated stratospheric ozone was subtracted from all profiles, leaving a tropospheric residual ozone. On average the upper troposphere above midlatitude eastern North America contained 15 ppbv more tropospheric residual ozone than the more polluted layer between the surface and 2 km above sea level. Lowest ozone values in the upper troposphere were found above the two upwind sites in California. The upper troposphere above midlatitude eastern North America contained 16 ppbv more tropospheric residual ozone than the upper troposphere above three upwind sites, with the greatest enhancement above Houston, Texas, at 24 ppbv. Upper tropospheric CO measurements above east Texas show no statistically significant enhancement compared to west coast measurements, arguing against a strong influence from fresh surface anthropogenic emissions to the upper troposphere above Texas where the ozone enhancement is greatest. Vertical mixing of ozone from the boundary layer to the upper troposphere can only account for 2 ppbv of the 16 ppbv ozone enhancement above eastern North America; therefore the remaining 14 ppbv must be the result of in situ ozone production. The transport of NOx tracers from North American anthropogenic, biogenic, biomass burning, and lightning emissions was simulated for the upper troposphere of North America with a particle dispersion model. Additional box model calculations suggest the 24 ppbv ozone enhancement above Houston can be produced over a 10 day period from oxidation reactions of lightning NOx and background mixing ratios of CO and CH4. Overall, we estimate that 69-84% (11-13 ppbv) of the 16 ppbv ozone enhancement above eastern North America is due to in situ ozone production from lightning NOx with the remainder due to transport of ozone from the surface or in situ ozone production from other sources of NOx. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Theoret Aeron Branch, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Boeing Co, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Sable Isl, NS B3J 2L4, Canada. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Wrightwood, CA 92397 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Environm Sci, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Valparaiso Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Valparaiso, IN 46383 USA. Observ Midi Pyrenees, Lab Aerol, CNRS, F-31400 Toulouse, France. Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Wallops Isl, VA 23337 USA. Tech Univ Munich, Dept Ecol, D-80333 Freising Weihenstephan, Germany. Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. Environm Canada, Meteorol Serv Canada, Expt Studies Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Univ Paris 06, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Aeron, F-75005 Paris, France. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. RP Cooper, OR (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Theoret Aeron Branch, CSD04,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM owen.r.cooper@noaa.gov RI Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Cohen, Ronald/A-8842-2011; Ren, Xinrong/B-2229-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Pickering, Kenneth/E-6274-2012; Perring, Anne/G-4597-2013; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Crawford, James/L-6632-2013; Ren, Xinrong/E-7838-2015 OI Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Cohen, Ronald/0000-0001-6617-7691; Perring, Anne/0000-0003-2231-7503; Crawford, James/0000-0002-6982-0934; Ren, Xinrong/0000-0001-9974-1666 NR 57 TC 67 Z9 69 U1 3 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 12 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D24 AR D24S05 DI 10.1029/2006JD007306 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118LE UT WOS:000242943000001 ER PT J AU Quinn, PK Bates, TS Coffman, D Onasch, TB Worsnop, D Baynard, T de Gouw, JA Goldan, PD Kuster, WC Williams, E Roberts, JM Lerner, B Stohl, A Pettersson, A Lovejoy, ER AF Quinn, P. K. Bates, T. S. Coffman, D. Onasch, T. B. Worsnop, D. Baynard, T. de Gouw, J. A. Goldan, P. D. Kuster, W. C. Williams, E. Roberts, J. M. Lerner, B. Stohl, A. Pettersson, A. Lovejoy, E. R. TI Impacts of sources and aging on submicrometer aerosol properties in the marine boundary layer across the Gulf of Maine SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; MASS-SPECTROMETER; TRANSPORT; ATLANTIC; GASES; SIZE; MPAN; AIR; PPN AB [1] Measurements were made on board the NOAA RV Ronald H. Brown during the second New England Air Quality Study (NEAQS 2004) to determine the source of the aerosol in the region and how sources and aging processes affect submicrometer aerosol chemical composition and optical properties. Using the Lagrangian particle dispersion model FLEXPART in combination with gas phase tracer compounds, local ( urban), regional ( NE U. S. urban corridor of Washington, D. C.; New York; and Boston), and distant (midwest industries and North American forest fires) sources were identified. Submicrometer aerosol measured near the source region ( Boston Harbor) had a molar equivalence ratio near one with respect to NH4+, NO3-, and SO4 (=), had a large mass fraction of particulate organic matter (POM) relative to SO4 =, and had relatively unoxidized POM. As distance from the source region increased, the submicrometer aerosol measured in the marine boundary layer became more acidic and had a lower POM mass fraction, and the POM became more oxidized. The relative humidity dependence of light extinction reflected the change in aerosol composition being lower for the near-source aerosol and higher for the more processed aerosol. A factor analysis performed on a combined data set of aerosol and gas phase parameters showed that the POM measured during the experiment was predominantly of secondary anthropogenic origin. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Norwegian Inst Air Res, Dept Reg & Global Pollut Issues, Kjeller, Norway. Swedish Def Res Agcy, Stockholm, Sweden. RP Quinn, PK (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM patricia.k.quinn@noaa.gov RI Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010 OI Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; NR 39 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 12 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23S36 DI 10.1029/2006JD007582 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118LB UT WOS:000242942700008 ER PT J AU White, AB Senff, CJ Keane, AN Darby, LS Djalalova, IV Ruffieux, DC White, DE Williams, BJ Goldstein, AH AF White, Allen B. Senff, Christoph J. Keane, Ann N. Darby, Lisa S. Djalalova, Irina V. Ruffieux, Dominique C. White, David E. Williams, Brent J. Goldstein, Allen H. TI A wind profiler trajectory tool for air quality transport applications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID OZONE; RASS AB [1] Horizontal transport is a key factor in air pollution meteorology. In several recent air quality field campaigns, networks of wind profiling Doppler radars have been deployed to help characterize this important phenomenon. This paper describes a Lagrangian particle trajectory tool developed to take advantage of the hourly wind observations provided by these special profiler networks. The tool uses only the observed wind profiles to calculate trajectory positions and does not involve any model physics or parameterizations. An interpolation scheme is used to determine the wind speed and direction at any given location and altitude along the trajectory. Only the horizontal winds measured by the profilers are included because the type of profiling radars used in this study are unable to resolve synoptic-scale vertical motions. The trajectory tool is applied to a case study from the International Consortium for Research on Transport and Transformation air quality experiment conducted during the summer of 2004 (ICARTT-04). During this international field study, air chemistry observations were collected at Chebogue Point, a coastal station in southwestern Nova Scotia, and factor analysis was used to identify time periods when air pollution from the United States arrived at the site. The profiler trajectories are compared to trajectories produced from numerical model initialization fields. The profiler-based trajectories more accurately reflect changes in the synoptic weather pattern that occurred between operational upper air soundings, thereby providing a more accurate depiction of the horizontal transport responsible for air pollution arriving in Nova Scotia. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP White, AB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM allen.b.white@noaa.gov RI Darby, Lisa/A-8037-2009; White, Allen/A-7946-2009; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Williams, Brent/A-2886-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Darby, Lisa/0000-0003-1271-0643; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 12 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23S23 DI 10.1029/2006JD007475 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118LB UT WOS:000242942700007 ER PT J AU Pathak, JA Hudson, SD AF Pathak, Jai A. Hudson, Steven D. TI Rheo-optics of equilibrium polymer solutions: Wormlike micelles in elongational flow in a microfluidic cross-slot SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Review ID CONCENTRATED AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; SHEAR-BANDING STRUCTURE; CETYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE; EXTENSIONAL FLOW; RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES; ENTANGLED POLYMERS; SODIUM-SALICYLATE; SURFACTANT SOLUTIONS; POTASSIUM-BROMIDE; BIREFRINGENCE MEASUREMENTS AB The rheo-optical analysis of polymer solutions and melts is a critical tool in elucidating their molecular response to flow fields. We therefore evaluate the measurement of flow-induced birefringence (orientation) under extension in microfluidic cross-slots, whose flow kinematics was examined by microparticle image velocimetry. The effects of planar extension on the (non) linear viscoelasticity of wormlike micellar surfactant solutions (comprising either cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or cetylpyridinium chloride in aqueous sodium salicylate) were measured. The effect of wall shear was found to be negligible compared to extension. The birefringence is linear (indicating the validity of the stress-optical rule) for very small extensional Weissenberg numbers, as expected. This rule fails, however, when a sharp birefringence band appears at modest Weissenberg number (indicating the alignment of wormlike micelles along the outflow direction). Experiments that measure average birefringence may misidentify the point of failure of the stress-optical rule. These bands also scatter light and appear in transmittance images, yet with distinctive features. At higher flow rates, the birefringent band broadens after the peak retardation saturates, but the transmittance band remains narrow and eventually the flow becomes asymmetric. This asymmetric transition is elasticity-induced, and no shear banding is observed by particle velocimetry: the velocity profiles remain linear, while the flow becomes asymmetric. These phenomena are common to both fluids studied, but the stress-optical coefficient and the Weissenberg numbers at saturated birefringence differ quantitatively, possibly due to differences in micellar length and scission kinetics, as determined from linear viscoelastic measurements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pathak, JA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Polymer Phys Sect, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM Jai.Pathak@nrl.navy.mil; Steven.Hudson@nist.gov NR 110 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 8 U2 38 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD DEC 12 PY 2006 VL 39 IS 25 BP 8782 EP 8792 DI 10.1021/ma061355r PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 112HF UT WOS:000242515800031 ER PT J AU Hadfield, RH Habif, JL Schlafer, J Schwall, RE Nam, SW AF Hadfield, Robert H. Habif, Jonathan L. Schlafer, John Schwall, Robert E. Nam, Sae Woo TI Quantum key distribution at 1550 nm with twin superconducting single-photon detectors SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CRYPTOGRAPHY; FIBER; QKD AB The authors report on the full implementation of a superconducting detector technology in a fiber-based quantum key distribution (QKD) link. Nanowire-based superconducting single-photon detectors (SSPDs) offer infrared single-photon detection with low dark counts, low jitter, and short recovery times. These detectors are highly promising candidates for future high key rate QKD links operating at 1550 nm. The authors use twin SSPDs to perform the BB84 protocol in a 1550 nm fiber-based QKD link clocked at 3.3 MHz. They exchange secure key over a distance of 42.5 km in telecom fiber and demonstrate that secure key can be transmitted over a total link loss exceeding 12 dB. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. BBN Technol, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Hadfield, RH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hadfield@boulder.nist.gov RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013 OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187 NR 24 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 24 AR 241129 DI 10.1063/1.2405870 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 117PY UT WOS:000242886500029 ER PT J AU Wahlstrand, JK Pipis, JA Roos, PA Cundiff, ST Smith, RP AF Wahlstrand, J. K. Pipis, J. A. Roos, P. A. Cundiff, S. T. Smith, R. P. TI Electrical measurement of carrier population modulation by two-color coherent control SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID QUANTUM INTERFERENCE CONTROL; GENERATION; SEMICONDUCTORS; PHOTOCURRENT; DENSITY; GAAS AB Two-color quantum interference control in a semiconductor results in a charge current or a modulation of the carrier population depending on the phase shift between an optical wave and its second harmonic. Population control requires certain polarizations for the two colors with respect to the crystal axes. The authors present results of an electrical measurement of quantum interference control of charge carrier population in (111) oriented GaAs. The dependence of the population control signal on power, light polarization, bias, and laser spot position is studied. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Wahlstrand, JK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM wahlstrj@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 11 PY 2006 VL 89 IS 24 AR 241115 DI 10.1063/1.2402125 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 117PY UT WOS:000242886500015 ER PT J AU Wang, MH AF Wang, Menghua TI Aerosol polarization effects on atmospheric correction and aerosol retrievals in ocean color remote sensing SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID WATER-LEAVING RADIANCE; SURFACE-ROUGHNESS; SPECTRAL REFLECTANCE; DIFFUSE-REFLECTANCE; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; TIME-SERIES; SEAWIFS; ALGORITHM; IMAGERY; CALIBRATION AB The current ocean color data processing system for the Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) and the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) uses the Rayleigh lookup tables that were generated using the vector radiative transfer theory with inclusion of the polarization effects. The polarization effects, however, are not accounted for in the aerosol lookup tables for the ocean color data processing. I describe a study of the aerosol polarization effects on the atmospheric correction and aerosol retrieval algorithms in the ocean color remote sensing. Using an efficient method for the multiple vector radiative transfer computations, aerosol lookup tables that include polarization effects are generated. Simulations have been carried out to evaluate the aerosol polarization effects on the derived ocean color and aerosol products for all possible solar-sensor geometries and the various aerosol optical properties. Furthermore, the new aerosol lookup tables have been implemented in the SeaWiFS data processing system and extensively tested and evaluated with SeaWiFS regional and global measurements. Results show that in open oceans (maritime environment), the aerosol polarization effects on the ocean color and aerosol products are usually negligible, while there are some noticeable effects on the derived products in the coastal regions with nonmaritime aerosols. (c) 2006 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res ERA3, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res ERA3, Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM menghua.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 NR 56 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 10 PY 2006 VL 45 IS 35 BP 8951 EP 8963 DI 10.1364/AO.45.008951 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 114BW UT WOS:000242642700018 PM 17119596 ER PT J AU Barber, RT Hiscock, MR AF Barber, R. T. Hiscock, M. R. TI A rising tide lifts all phytoplankton: Growth response of other phytoplankton taxa in diatom-dominated blooms SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; TROPICAL PACIFIC; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; PELAGIC ECOSYSTEMS; IRON FERTILIZATION; FISH PRODUCTION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB [ 1] Oceanic phytoplankton assemblages composed predominantly of picophytoplankton respond to the onset of favorable growth conditions with diatom-dominated blooms, the formation of which involves characteristic growth and accumulation responses by both diatoms and the ambient nondiatom community. Contrary to conventional wisdom, both groups of phytoplankton increase in growth rates and absolute abundance, but the biomass increase of the ambient nondiatom assemblage is modest, especially compared to the order of magnitude or more increase of diatom biomass. This enormous proportional increase in diatom biomass has fostered the misconception that diatoms replace the nondiatom taxa by succession as the bloom matures. However, while the relative abundance of the nondiatom taxa decreases dramatically, their absolute biomass increases modestly and the specific growth rate of picophytoplankton in the bloom increases; at the same time, protistan grazing rate also increases, holding the picophytoplankton assemblage in the bloom to a new steady state biomass concentration. Recent evidence for the ubiquity of the additive response pattern in pelagic diatom blooms comes from observations in many oceanic regions where equatorial upwelling, eddy dynamics, tropical instability waves, and oceanic iron-addition experiments have allowed documentation of the biological response to rapid onset of favorable nutrient, micronutrient or light conditions. The response of diatoms to these favorable conditions is well known; this report offers a more accurate description of the response of the ambient nondiatom taxa to rapid onset of favorable conditions. Realistic representation of the growth dynamics of both the diatoms and nondiatoms in blooms is required to improve forecasting of how future conditions will affect processes that control carbon recycling and export. C1 Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Barber, RT (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, 135 Duke Marine Lab Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM rbarber@duke.edu NR 94 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 9 PY 2006 VL 20 IS 4 AR GB4S03 DI 10.1029/2006GB002726 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 115SC UT WOS:000242753100001 ER PT J AU Rex, M Salawitch, RJ Deckelmann, H von der Gathen, P Harris, NRP Chipperfield, MP Naujokat, B Reimer, E Allaart, M Andersen, SB Bevilacqua, R Braathen, GO Claude, H Davies, J De Backer, H Dier, H Dorokhov, V Fast, H Gerding, M Godin-Beekmann, S Hoppel, K Johnson, B Kyro, E Litynska, Z Moore, D Nakane, H Parrondo, MC Risley, AD Skrivankova, P Stubi, R Viatte, P Yushkov, V Zerefos, C AF Rex, M. Salawitch, R. J. Deckelmann, H. von der Gathen, P. Harris, N. R. P. Chipperfield, M. P. Naujokat, B. Reimer, E. Allaart, M. Andersen, S. B. Bevilacqua, R. Braathen, G. O. Claude, H. Davies, J. De Backer, H. Dier, H. Dorokhov, V. Fast, H. Gerding, M. Godin-Beekmann, S. Hoppel, K. Johnson, B. Kyroe, E. Litynska, Z. Moore, D. Nakane, H. Parrondo, M. C. Risley, A. D., Jr. Skrivankova, P. Stuebi, R. Viatte, P. Yushkov, V. Zerefos, C. TI Arctic winter 2005: Implications for stratospheric ozone loss and climate change SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEPLETION AB [1] The Arctic polar vortex exhibited widespread regions of low temperatures during the winter of 2005, resulting in significant ozone depletion by chlorine and bromine species. We show that chemical loss of column ozone (Delta O(3)) and the volume of Arctic vortex air cold enough to support the existence of polar stratospheric clouds (V(PSC)) both exceed levels found for any other Arctic winter during the past 40 years. Cold conditions and ozone loss in the lowermost Arctic stratosphere (e.g., between potential temperatures of 360 to 400 K) were particularly unusual compared to previous years. Measurements indicate Delta O(3) = 121 +/- 20 DU and that Delta O(3) versus V(PSC) lies along an extension of the compact, near linear relation observed for previous Arctic winters. The maximum value of V(PSC) during five to ten year intervals exhibits a steady, monotonic increase over the past four decades, indicating that the coldest Arctic winters have become significantly colder, and hence are more conducive to ozone depletion by anthropogenic halogens. C1 Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Res Unit Potsdam, D-14401 Potsdam, Germany. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. Univ Cambridge, European Ozone Res Coordinating Unit, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Free Univ Berlin, Inst Meteorol, D-12165 Berlin, Germany. Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. Danish Meteorol Inst, DK-20100 Copenhagen, Denmark. USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. German Weather Serv, Meteorol Observ Hohenpeissenberg, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Royal Meteorol Inst Belgium, B-01180 Brussels, Belgium. Meteorol Observ Lindenberg, Lindenberg, Germany. Cent Aerol Observ, Moscow, Russia. Leibniz Inst Atmospharenphys, D-18225 Kuhlungsborn, Germany. CNRS, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris 05, France. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Sodankyla Meteorol Observ, Sodankyla, Finland. Ctr Aerol, Inst Meteorol & Water Management, PL-05119 Legionowo, Poland. Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Asian Environm Res Grp, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. Inst Nacl Tecn Aerospacial, E-28850 Madrid, Spain. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. Czech Hydrometeorol Inst, Prague 14306 4, Czech Republic. Swiss Meteorol Aerol Stn, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. MeteoSwiss, Fed Off Meteorol & Climatol, CH-1530 Payerne, Switzerland. Univ Athens, Lab Climatol & Atmospher Environm, GR-15784 Athens, Greece. RP Rex, M (reprint author), Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Res Unit Potsdam, POB 600149, D-14401 Potsdam, Germany. EM mrex@awi-potsdam.de RI Rex, Markus/A-6054-2009; Salawitch, Ross/B-4605-2009; von der Gathen, Peter/B-8515-2009; andersen, signe/C-4809-2013; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; OI Rex, Markus/0000-0001-7847-8221; Salawitch, Ross/0000-0001-8597-5832; von der Gathen, Peter/0000-0001-7409-1556; andersen, signe/0000-0002-8216-0141; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Nakane, Hideaki/0000-0002-9032-6105; Harris, Neil/0000-0003-1256-3006 NR 13 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2006 VL 33 IS 23 AR L23808 DI 10.1029/2006GL026731 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 115RW UT WOS:000242752500001 ER PT J AU Phelan, D Louca, D Kamazawa, K Lee, SH Ancona, SN Rosenkranz, S Motome, Y Hundley, MF Mitchell, JF Moritomo, Y AF Phelan, D. Louca, Despina Kamazawa, K. Lee, S. -H. Ancona, S. N. Rosenkranz, S. Motome, Y. Hundley, M. F. Mitchell, J. F. Moritomo, Y. TI Spin incommensurability and two phase competition in cobaltites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LA1-XSRXCOO3; PHYSICS; OXIDES; STATE AB The perovskite LaCoO3 evolves from a nonmagnetic Mott insulator to a spin cluster ferromagnet (FM) with the substitution of Sr2+ for La3+ in La1-xSrxCoO3. The clusters increase in size and number with x and the charge percolation through the clusters leads to a metallic state. Using elastic neutron scattering on La1-xSrxCoO3 single crystals, we show that an incommensurate spin superstructure coexists with the FM spin clusters. The incommensurability increases continuously with x, with the intensity rising in the insulating phase and dropping in the metallic phase as it directly competes with the commensurate FM, itinerant clusters. The spin incommensurability arises from local order of Co3+-Co4+ clusters but no long-range static or dynamic spin stripes develop. The coexistence and competition of the two magnetic phases explain the residual resistivity at low temperatures in samples with metalliclike transport. C1 Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Univ Tokyo, Dept Appl Phys, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87454 USA. Univ Tsukuba, Dept Phys, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058577, Japan. RP Louca, D (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM louca@virginia.edu RI Rosenkranz, Stephan/E-4672-2011; OI Rosenkranz, Stephan/0000-0002-5659-0383; moritomo, yutaka/0000-0001-6584-7489 NR 26 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 3 U2 24 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 23 AR 235501 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.235501 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 115BG UT WOS:000242708900031 PM 17280211 ER PT J AU Zanon-Willette, T Ludlow, AD Blatt, S Boyd, MM Arimondo, E Ye, J AF Zanon-Willette, Thomas Ludlow, Andrew D. Blatt, Sebastian Boyd, Martin M. Arimondo, Ennio Ye, Jun TI Cancellation of stark shifts in optical lattice clocks by use of pulsed Raman and electromagnetically induced transparency techniques SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STANDARDS; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; RAMSEY FRINGES; 3-LEVEL SYSTEM; RESONANCES; ION AB We propose a combination of electromagnetically induced transparency-Raman and pulsed spectroscopy techniques to accurately cancel frequency shifts arising from electromagnetically induced transparency fields in forbidden optical clock transitions of alkaline earth atoms. At appropriate detunings, time-separated laser pulses are designed to trap atoms in coherent superpositions while eliminating off-resonance ac Stark contributions, achieving efficient population transfer up to 60% with inaccuracy < 10(-17). Results from the wave-function formalism are confirmed by the density matrix approach. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Arimondo, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012 OI Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967 NR 37 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMERICAN PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2006 VL 97 IS 23 AR 233001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.97.233001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 115BG UT WOS:000242708900018 PM 17280198 ER PT J AU Yoon, WS Chung, KY McBreen, J Fischer, DA Yang, XQ AF Yoon, Won-Sub Chung, Kyung Yoon McBreen, James Fischer, Daniel A. Yang, Xiao-Qing TI Changes in electronic structure of the electrochemically Li-ion deintercalated LiNiO2 system investigated by soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Conference on Polymet Batteries and Fuel Cells CY JUN 12-17, 2005 CL Las Vegas, NV DE soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy; LiNiO2; lithium rechargeable batteries; XAS ID L-EDGE; OXYGEN CONTRIBUTION; OK-EDGE; K-EDGE; LICOO2; CATHODE; XANES AB The electronic structures of Li1-xNiO2 system after electrochemically deintercalated to various "x" values have been investigated using soft X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) for oxygen K-edge and Ni L-II,L-III-edge. By comparing the O K-edge XAS spectra of Li1-xNiO2 electrode collected simultaneously by the partial electron yield (PEY) mode and florescence mode (FY), it was found that the surface electronic structure of Li1-xNiO2 electrode is different from the bulk. Therefore, if the PEY mode, which is a surface-sensitive technique, is used alone, the reliability of the results is limited to the surface structures only. Ni L-II,L-III-edge XAS results of Li1-xNiO2 electrode at different charge states, in both the FY and PEY modes, show that Ni2+ ions at the surface are mostly oxidized to Ni3+ ions during Li deintercalation, whereas the process in the bulk is the oxidation of Ni ions from Ni3+ to Ni4+. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yoon, WS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM wonsuby@bnl.gov RI Chung, Kyung Yoon/E-4646-2011; Yoon, Won-Sub/H-2343-2011 OI Chung, Kyung Yoon/0000-0002-1273-746X; NR 15 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 39 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD DEC 7 PY 2006 VL 163 IS 1 SI SI BP 234 EP 237 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.02.013 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 137UF UT WOS:000244317100041 ER PT J AU Behrenfeld, MJ O'Malley, RT Siegel, DA McClain, CR Sarmiento, JL Feldman, GC Milligan, AJ Falkowski, PG Letelier, RM Boss, ES AF Behrenfeld, Michael J. O'Malley, Robert T. Siegel, David A. McClain, Charles R. Sarmiento, Jorge L. Feldman, Gene C. Milligan, Allen J. Falkowski, Paul G. Letelier, Ricardo M. Boss, Emmanuel S. TI Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; EXPORT PRODUCTION; WORLDS OCEANS; PERIOD AB Contributing roughly half of the biosphere's net primary production (NPP)(1,2), photosynthesis by oceanic phytoplankton is a vital link in the cycling of carbon between living and inorganic stocks. Each day, more than a hundred million tons of carbon in the form of CO(2) are fixed into organic material by these ubiquitous, microscopic plants of the upper ocean, and each day a similar amount of organic carbon is transferred into marine ecosystems by sinking and grazing. The distribution of phytoplankton biomass and NPP is defined by the availability of light and nutrients ( nitrogen, phosphate, iron). These growth-limiting factors are in turn regulated by physical processes of ocean circulation, mixed-layer dynamics, upwelling, atmospheric dust deposition, and the solar cycle. Satellite measurements of ocean colour provide a means of quantifying ocean productivity on a global scale and linking its variability to environmental factors. Here we describe global ocean NPP changes detected from space over the past decade. The period is dominated by an initial increase in NPP of 1,930 teragrams of carbon a year (Tg C yr(-1)), followed by a prolonged decrease averaging 190 Tg C yr(-1). These trends are driven by changes occurring in the expansive stratified low-latitude oceans and are tightly coupled to coincident climate variability. This link between the physical environment and ocean biology functions through changes in upper-ocean temperature and stratification, which influence the availability of nutrients for phytoplankton growth. The observed reductions in ocean productivity during the recent post-1999 warming period provide insight on how future climate change can alter marine food webs. C1 Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Oceanog & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Geol Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Environm Biophys & Mol Ecol Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Behrenfeld, MJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Bot & Plant Pathol, 2082 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM mjb@science.oregonstate.edu RI Letelier, Ricardo/A-6953-2009; Boss, Emmanuel/C-5765-2009; Siegel, David/C-5587-2008; Smith, Christa/G-3187-2010 OI Letelier, Ricardo/0000-0003-3376-4026; Boss, Emmanuel/0000-0002-8334-9595; NR 26 TC 829 Z9 862 U1 95 U2 593 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 7 PY 2006 VL 444 IS 7120 BP 752 EP 755 DI 10.1038/nature05317 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 113EL UT WOS:000242581100059 PM 17151666 ER PT J AU Fuller-Rowell, T Araujo-Pradere, E Minter, C Codrescu, M Spencer, P Robertson, D Jacobson, AR AF Fuller-Rowell, Tim Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo Minter, Cliff Codrescu, Mihail Spencer, Paul Robertson, Doug Jacobson, Abram R. TI US-TEC: A new data assimilation product from the Space Environment Center characterizing the ionospheric total electron content using real-time GPS data SO RADIO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE AB [ 1] The potential of data assimilation for operational numerical weather forecasting has been appreciated for many years. For space weather it is a new path that we are just beginning to explore. With the emergence of satellite constellations and the networks of ground-based observations, sufficient data sources are now available to make the application of data assimilation techniques a viable option. The first space weather product at Space Environment Center ( SEC) utilizing data assimilation techniques, US-TEC, was launched as a test operational product in November 2004. US-TEC characterizes the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) over the continental United States (CONUS) every 15 min with about a 15-min latency. US-TEC is based on a Kalman filter data assimilation scheme driven by a ground-based network of real-time GPS stations. The product includes a map of the vertical TEC, an estimate of the uncertainty in the map, and the departure of the TEC from a 10-day average at that particular universal time. In addition, data files are provided for vertical TEC and the line-of-sight electron content to all GPS satellites in view over the CONUS at that time. The information can be used to improve single-frequency GPS positioning by providing more accurate corrections for the ionospheric signal delay, or it can be used to initialize rapid integer ambiguity resolution schemes for dual-frequency GPS systems. Validation of US-TEC indicates an accuracy of the line-of-sight electron content of between 2 and 3 TEC units ( 1 TECU = 10(16) el m(-2)), equivalent to less than 50 cm signal delay at L1 frequencies, which promises value for GPS users. This is the first step along a path that will likely lead to major improvement in space weather forecasting, paralleling the advances achieved in meteorological weather forecasting. C1 NOAA, Space Environm Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Fuller-Rowell, T (reprint author), NOAA, Space Environm Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM tim.fuller-rowell@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0048-6604 J9 RADIO SCI JI Radio Sci. PD DEC 7 PY 2006 VL 41 IS 6 AR RS6003 DI 10.1029/2005RS003393 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA 115UE UT WOS:000242758500001 ER PT J AU Vanderah, TA Siegrist, T Lufaso, MW Yeager, MC Roth, RS Nino, JC Yates, S AF Vanderah, Terrell A. Siegrist, Theo Lufaso, Michael W. Yeager, Margaret C. Roth, Robert S. Nino, Juan C. Yates, Samantha TI Phase formation and properties in the system Bi2O3 : 2CoO(1+x): Nb2O5 SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INORGANIC CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pyrochlore; displacive disorder; bismuth cobalt niobates; Bi-Co-Nb-O; phase equilibria; phase diagram; dielectric properties; magnetic properties ID BI2O3-NB2O5 SOLID-SOLUTION; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; PYROCHLORE STRUCTURE; BISMUTH SESQUIOXIDE; OXIDE; CO; FERROELECTRICITY; POLARIZATION; TRANSITION; DISORDER AB Subsolidus phase relations have been determined for the Bi-Co-Nb-O system in air (750-925 degrees C). Ternary compound formation was limited to pyrochlore (A(2)B(2)O(6)O'), which formed a substantial solid solution region at Bi-deficient stoichiometries (relative to Bi2CO2/3Nb4/3O7) suggesting that about 8 to 25% of the A sites are occupied by Co. X-ray powder diffraction data confirmed that all Bi-Co-Nb-O pyrochlores exhibit displacive behavior. A structural refinement of the pyrochlore Bi1.56Co0.96Nb1.48O7 using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data is reported with the A and O' atoms displaced (0.34 angstrom and 0.45 angstrom, respectively) from ideal positions to 96g sites and 32e sites, respectively [FD3M (#227), a = 10.551(1) angstrom]. The displacive structural behavior is similar to that found in analogous Bi-M-Nb-o pyrochlores (M = Zn, Fe, Mn). Bi-Co-Nb-O pyrochlores exhibited overall paramagnetic behavior with negative Curie-Weiss temperature intercepts indicating weak antiferromagnetic interactions. At 250 K and 1 MHz the relative dielectric permittivity of the pyrochlore 0.4400:0.2100:0.3500 Bi2O3:2CoO(1+x):Nb2O5 was ca. 115 with tan delta = 0.06; however, at lower frequencies the sample was conductive. Low-temperature dielectric relaxation such as that observed for Bi1.5Zn0.92Nb1.5O6.92 and other bismuth-based pyrochlores was not observed. Consideration of bond lengths, effective magnetic moments, and dielectric properties suggests that the average oxidation state of Co in the pyrochlore phases is close to but slightly higher than 2.0. (c) Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. C1 Univ N Florida, Dept Chem & Phys, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Bell Labs, Lucent Technol, Murray Hill, NJ 07974 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Lufaso, MW (reprint author), Univ N Florida, Dept Chem & Phys, Jacksonville, FL 32224 USA. RI Lufaso, Michael/A-8400-2009; Nino, Juan/A-6496-2008 OI Lufaso, Michael/0000-0001-7842-6982; Nino, Juan/0000-0001-8256-0535 NR 53 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1434-1948 J9 EUR J INORG CHEM JI Eur. J. Inorg. Chem. PD DEC 4 PY 2006 IS 23 BP 4908 EP 4914 DI 10.1002/ejic.200600661 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear SC Chemistry GA 120IE UT WOS:000243077400025 ER PT J AU Methven, J Arnold, SR Stohl, A Evans, MJ Avery, M Law, K Lewis, AC Monks, PS Parrish, DD Reeves, CE Schlager, H Atlas, E Blake, DR Coe, H Crosier, J Flocke, FM Holloway, JS Hopkins, JR McQuaid, J Purvis, R Rappengluck, B Singh, HB Watson, NM Whalley, LK Williams, PI AF Methven, J. Arnold, S. R. Stohl, A. Evans, M. J. Avery, M. Law, K. Lewis, A. C. Monks, P. S. Parrish, D. D. Reeves, C. E. Schlager, H. Atlas, E. Blake, D. R. Coe, H. Crosier, J. Flocke, F. M. Holloway, J. S. Hopkins, J. R. McQuaid, J. Purvis, R. Rappengluck, B. Singh, H. B. Watson, N. M. Whalley, L. K. Williams, P. I. TI Establishing Lagrangian connections between observations within air masses crossing the Atlantic during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHARACTERIZATION EXPERIMENT ACE-2; MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; AEROSOL EVOLUTION; CARBON-MONOXIDE; OZONE; MODEL; ADVECTION; LIFETIME; TRACERS; RATES AB The ITCT-Lagrangian-2K4 (Intercontinental Transport and Chemical Transformation) experiment was conceived with an aim to quantify the effects of photochemistry and mixing on the transformation of air masses in the free troposphere away from emissions. To this end, attempts were made to intercept and sample air masses several times during their journey across the North Atlantic using four aircraft based in New Hampshire (USA), Faial (Azores) and Creil (France). This article begins by describing forecasts from two Lagrangian models that were used to direct the aircraft into target air masses. A novel technique then identifies Lagrangian matches between flight segments. Two independent searches are conducted: for Lagrangian model matches and for pairs of whole air samples with matching hydrocarbon fingerprints. The information is filtered further by searching for matching hydrocarbon samples that are linked by matching trajectories. The quality of these "coincident matches'' is assessed using temperature, humidity and tracer observations. The technique pulls out five clear Lagrangian cases covering a variety of situations and these are examined in detail. The matching trajectories and hydrocarbon fingerprints are shown, and the downwind minus upwind differences in tracers are discussed. C1 Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Serv Aeron, F-75252 Paris, France. Univ York, Dept Chem, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. Univ Leicester, Dept Chem, Leicester LE1 7RH, Leics, England. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt, D-82230 Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Facil Airborne Atmospher Measurements, Cranfield MK43 0AL, Beds, England. Forschungszentrum, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-82467 Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. RP Methven, J (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, POB 243,Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM j.methven@reading.ac.uk RI Lewis, Alastair/A-6721-2008; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Monks, Paul/H-6468-2016; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Crosier, Jonathan/G-8952-2011; McQuaid, Jim/C-7450-2011; Evans, Mathew/A-3886-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Arnold, Steve/B-8856-2014; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014 OI Crosier, Jonathan/0000-0002-3086-4729; Arnold, Steve/0000-0002-4881-5685; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713; Lewis, Alastair/0000-0002-4075-3651; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Monks, Paul/0000-0001-9984-4390; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; McQuaid, Jim/0000-0001-8702-0415; Evans, Mathew/0000-0003-4775-032X; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; NR 34 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 2 PY 2006 VL 111 IS D23 AR D23S62 DI 10.1029/2006JD007540 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 115NV UT WOS:000242741900005 ER PT J AU Van Parijs, SM Clark, CW AF Van Parijs, Sofie M. Clark, Christopher W. TI Long-term mating tactics in an aquatic-mating pinniped, the bearded seal, Erignathus barbatus SO ANIMAL BEHAVIOUR LA English DT Article ID MALE HARBOR SEALS; PHOCA-VITULINA; UNDERWATER VOCALIZATIONS; DISPLAY BEHAVIOR; BOWHEAD WHALE; SUCCESS; BARROW; ALASKA; SIZE; AREA AB Studies of aquatic mating tactics in long-lived mammals are rare because of the difficulties involved in gaining repeated information on individuals over multiple years. We used acoustic array recordings as a tool for studying the mating tactics of bearded seals over 16 years off Point Barrow, Alaska. Males produce underwater vocalizations during the mating season that show clear individual differences. The most commonly used trill types, AL4 and AL1i, were analysed over 6 years (1985-1986, 1992-1993, 2000-2001). For each vocalization, we measured 17 parameters and determined an X, Y location through cross-correlation analysis. Classification trees showed that 100 individuals were present over the study period (22-40 males per year). Individuals showed clear site fidelity with 13-25 males returning over consecutive years. Six males were present over the entire 16-year period. Kernel home ranges were 0.32-3.2 km(2) for 34 territorial males and 5.3-16.3 km(2) for 66 roaming males. Throughout this study all but two males used the same mating tactic. When these males switched tactic (from territorial to roaming), the duration of their calls also changed, while all other acoustic variables remained constant. The vocal parameters for all the other males remained stable throughout their tenure. It appears therefore that although males can alter their mating tactics as circumstances change, only a few do so. Instead mating tactics tend to show long-term stability in vocal characteristics, strong site fidelity and periods of tenure that cover a significant proportion of the male's adult life span. (c) 2006 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Tromso, Norwegian Coll Fishery Sci, Tromso, Norway. Cornell Lab Ornithol, Bioacoust Res Program, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. RP Van Parijs, SM (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM svanpari@whsun1.wh.whoi.edu NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0003-3472 J9 ANIM BEHAV JI Anim. Behav. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 72 BP 1269 EP 1277 DI 10.1016/j.anbehav.2006.03.026 PN 6 PG 9 WC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Zoology GA 115CY UT WOS:000242713600006 ER PT J AU King, WV Buckley, LJ Berlinsky, DL AF King, William, V Buckley, Lawrence J. Berlinsky, David L. TI Effect of acclimation temperature on the acute stress response in juvenile Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua L., and haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus L. SO AQUACULTURE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stress; cortisol; Atlantic cod; haddock; juvenile ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; LYSOZYME ACTIVITY; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; PREFERRED TEMPERATURE; DISEASE RESISTANCE; CHANNEL CATFISH; STRIPED BASS; CORTISOL AB Juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) and haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus L.) were subjected to 30 s air exposure stressors following acclimation to 4, 10 and 14 and 4, 8 and 14 degrees C respectively. Both species responded to the stressor with increases in plasma cortisol at all temperatures tested. At 14 degrees C cortisol levels peaked within 1 h post-stressor, and returned to pre-stressor levels within 24 h. In contrast, at 4 degrees C, peak cortisol levels were not attained until 6 h post-stressor in haddock and remained elevated beyond 24 h in both species. The rate of plasma glucose accumulation was greater at higher temperatures in both species and no increase was seen at 4 degrees C. Lysozyme activity in cod, in response to the stressor, was lower than the values reported for some other species and increased slightly at 14 degrees C. The results show that cod and haddock acclimated to different temperatures respond to common, acute stressors in a manner similar to other teleosts. C1 Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, URI, NOAA,CMER Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. NOAA, NMFS Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Berlinsky, DL (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM david.berlinsky@unh.edu NR 57 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1355-557X J9 AQUAC RES JI Aquac. Res. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 37 IS 16 BP 1685 EP 1693 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2109.2006.01623.x PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 107UW UT WOS:000242197500010 ER PT J AU Orth, RJ Carruthers, TJB Dennison, WC Duarte, CM Fourqurean, JW Heck, KL Hughes, AR Kendrick, GA Kenworthy, WJ Olyarnik, S Short, FT Waycott, M Williams, SL AF Orth, Robert J. Carruthers, Tim J. B. Dennison, William C. Duarte, Carlos M. Fourqurean, James W. Heck, Kenneth L., Jr. Hughes, A. Randall Kendrick, Gary A. Kenworthy, W. Judson Olyarnik, Suzanne Short, Frederick T. Waycott, Michelle Williams, Susan L. TI A global crisis for seagrass ecosystems SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE seagrass; decline; sentinels; ecological services; monitoring ID SUBMERGED AQUATIC VEGETATION; CHESAPEAKE BAY; WATER-QUALITY; BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; POSIDONIA-OCEANICA; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; NORTH-AMERICA; MARINE; GROWTH; FISH AB Seagrasses, marine flowering plants, have a long evolutionary history but are now challenged with rapid environmental changes as a result of coastal human population pressures. Seagrasses provide key ecological services, including organic carbon production and export, nutrient cycling, sediment stabilization, enhanced biodiversity, and trophic transfers to adjacent habitats in tropical and temperate regions. They also serve as "coastal canaries," global biological sentinels of increasing anthropogenic influences in coastal ecosystems, with large-scale losses reported worldwide. Multiple stressors, including sediment and nutrient runoff, physical disturbance, invasive species, disease, commercial fishing practices, aquaculture, overgrazing, algal blooms, and global warming, cause seagrass declines at scales of square meters to hundreds of square kilometers. Reported seagrass losses have led to increased awareness of the need for seagrass protection, monitoring, management, and restoration. However, seagrass science, which has rapidly grown, is disconnected from public awareness of seagrasses, which has lagged behind awareness of other coastal ecosystems. There is a critical need for a targeted global conservation effort that includes a reduction of watershed nutrient and sediment inputs to seagrass habitats and a targeted educational program informing regulators and the public of the value of seagrass meadows. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Applicat Network, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. Univ Islas Baleares, Consejo Super Invest Cientificas, Inst Mediterraneo Estudios Avanzados, Esporles 07190, Islas Baleares, Spain. Florida Int Univ, SE Environm Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33199 USA. Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Bodega Bay Marine Lab, Bodega Bay, CA 94923 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Plant Biol, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Dept Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Chair Nat Resources, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Jackson Estuarine Lab, Earth Syst Sci Program, Durham, NH 03824 USA. James Cook Univ N Queensland, Sch Marine & Trop Biol, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP Orth, RJ (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Sch Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM jjorth@vims.edu RI Fourqurean, James/B-4606-2008; Kendrick, Gary/B-3460-2011; Dennison, William/D-7739-2012; Duarte, Carlos M/A-7670-2013 OI Fourqurean, James/0000-0002-0811-8500; Kendrick, Gary/0000-0002-0276-6064; Duarte, Carlos M/0000-0002-1213-1361 NR 73 TC 905 Z9 937 U1 104 U2 703 PU AMER INST BIOLOGICAL SCI PI WASHINGTON PA 1444 EYE ST, NW, STE 200, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0006-3568 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD DEC PY 2006 VL 56 IS 12 BP 987 EP 996 DI 10.1641/0006-3568(2006)56[987:AGCFSE]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 116ID UT WOS:000242795000008 ER PT J AU Cohn, SA Hallett, J Lewis, JM AF Cohn, Stephen A. Hallett, John Lewis, John M. TI Teaching graduate atmospheric measurement SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RADAR METEOROLOGY; OBSERVATIONAL TECHNIQUES; INSTITUTIONAL ISSUES; UNIVERSITY; EDUCATION; FACILITIES; SCIENCE AB A 1991 Study on Observational Systems discussed the need for universities to produce graduates capable of developing the next generation of observing systems and interpreting data from emerging complex sensors. It further emphasized the necessity for national centers to make facilities accessible for the education of these students. A follow-on study in 2000 indicated that these needs remain. We describe an ongoing partnership between scientists at the University of Nevada, Reno and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) to include hands-on access to complex instruments as a complement of a graduate course in atmospheric measurement and instrumentation. On five occasions since 1989, the course Measurement in the Atmosphere has incorporated atmospheric observing facilities from NCAR or Colorado State University. The facilities were allocated by the National Science Foundation using the same proposal process normally used to request equipment for field experiments. The course instructor also arranged for research scientists to bring knowledge of state-of-the-art technology and their years of field experience to students. We anticipate our experiences will motivate university departments elsewhere to consider the value of instrumentation courses with similar goals. C1 NCAR, Earth Oberv Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Inst Res, Reno, NV USA. Univ Nevada, Reno, NV 89557 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Nevada, Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89506 USA. RP Cohn, SA (reprint author), NCAR, Earth Oberv Lab, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM cohn@ucar.edu NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1673 EP 1678 DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-12-1673 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 124TN UT WOS:000243392900011 ER PT J AU Zhu, WH Schultz, DM Kennedy, DW Kelleher, KE Soreide, NN AF Zhu, Willa H. Schultz, David M. Kennedy, Douglas W. Kelleher, Kevin E. Soreide, Nancy N. TI The national severe storms laboratory historical weather data archives data management and web access system SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; FREEZING RAIN AB The NOAA/National Severe Storms Laboratory Historical Weather Data Archive (NSSL HWDA) is a new Web-based data portal that delivers surface and upper-air data to the online user through horizontal maps, vertical profiles on skew T-logp charts, time series, and ASCII data listings. The data are primarily from the United States and Canada, but some worldwide data are available, especially after 1998 for surface data and 2000 for upper-air data. The surface data come primarily from the merger of two datasets from the NOAA/National Climatic Data Center (TD-3280 and DATSAV2) and are most complete from 1973 to 2003. The upper-air data come from the North American Radiosonde Database and are most complete from 1946 to 2003. This article discusses the datasets, software, and capabilities of the NSSL HWDA. Future opportunities for improvements and additions to the NSSL HWDA are also described. C1 NOAA, NSSL, FRDD, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Schultz, DM (reprint author), NOAA, NSSL, FRDD, Suite 4356,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM david.schultz@noaa.gov RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010; Kelleher, Kevin/L-6520-2015 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975; NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1679 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-12-1679 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 124TN UT WOS:000243392900012 ER PT J AU Wood, KR Overland, JE AF Wood, Kevin R. Overland, James E. TI Climate lessons from the first international polar year SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; TRENDS; VARIABILITY AB A unique glimpse of the Arctic from a period before the present era of climate warming is found in the records of the first International Polar Year (IPY) of 1882-83. Inspired by the Austrian scientist and explorer Carl Weyprecht, the purpose of the IPY was to discover the fundamental laws governing global meteorological and geophysical phenomena. It was understood that new discoveries would depend upon a program of simultaneous observations that encompassed the polar regions. The collection and analysis of the first series of coordinated meteorological observations ever obtained in the Arctic was one of the principal objects of the IPY. The field program was successfully completed and a vast body of data was collected, but afterward it fell into obscurity with little analysis completed. We have analyzed for the first time the synchronous meteorological observations recorded during the first IPY. This analysis contributes to the goal of the upcoming fourth IPY scheduled for 2007-08: to understand the climate changes currently unfolding in the Arctic/Antarctic within the context of the past. We found that surface air temperature (SAT) and sea level pressure (SLP) observed during 1882-83 were within the limits of recent climatology, but with a slight skew toward colder temperatures, and showed a wide range of variability from place to place over the course of the year, which is a feature typical of the Arctic climate today. Monthly SAT, SLP, and associated phenological anomalies were regionally coherent and consistent with patterns of variability in the atmospheric circulation such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). Evidence of a strong NAO signature in the observed SAT anomalies during the first IPY highlights the impact of large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns on regional climate variability in the Arctic, both today and in the past. C1 Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmospher & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Wood, KR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmospher & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM kevin.r.wood@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 87 IS 12 BP 1685 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-87-12-1685 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 124TN UT WOS:000243392900013 ER PT J AU Peterson, B Emmett, R Goericke, R Venrick, E Mantyla, A Bograd, SJ Schwing, FB Ralston, S Forney, KA Hewitt, R Lo, N Watson, W Barlow, J Lowry, M Lavaniegos, BE Chavez, F Sydeman, WJ Hyrenbach, D Bradley, RW Warzybok, P Hunter, K Benson, S Weise, M Harvey, J AF Peterson, Bill Emmett, Robert Goericke, Ralf Venrick, Elizabeth Mantyla, Arnold Bograd, Steven J. Schwing, Franklin B. Ralston, Steve Forney, Karin A. Hewitt, Roger Lo, Nancy Watson, William Barlow, Jay Lowry, Mark Lavaniegos, Bertha E. Chavez, Francisco Sydeman, William J. Hyrenbach, David Bradley, Russel W. Warzybok, Pete Hunter, Karen Benson, Scott Weise, Michael Harvey, James TI The state of the California current, 2005-2006: Warm in the North, cool in the South SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID SARDINE SARDINOPS-SAGAX; CURRENT SYSTEM; BAJA-CALIFORNIA; CLIMATE-CHANGE; EL-NINO; PACIFIC; OCEAN; ABUNDANCE; DIET; VARIABILITY AB This report summarizes the recent state of the California Current System (CCS), primarily during the period April 2005 through early 2006, and includes observations of ocean conditions made from Washington State south to B, a California. During 2005, the CCS experienced very unusual "ocean weather." For example, off Wash in-toil, Oregon and northern California, the start of upwelling was delayed, resulting in anomalously warm sea surface temperatures through the spring and the early summer months. The warming observed in the northern California Current (NCC) in the spring and early summer appeared to be a regional phenomenon, since waters south of approximately 35 degrees N to the California-Mexico border were near the long-term average, and cooler-than-normal temperatures prevailed off Baja California. The extent of the warming and subsequent ecosystem response was similar to that of a major tropical El Nino event. However, we know from observations made at the equator that equatorial waters were in an El Nino-neutral state. The impacts on the NCC pelagic ecosystem were profound with very low biomass of zooplankton observed in Monterey Bay, the Gulf of the Farallones, and off Oregon, accompanied by unprecedented reproductive failure and mortality in several locally-breeding, seabird species. Recruitment failtire was seen in a variety of fishes as well. The proximate cause was a delay in the initiation of the upwelling season in the NCC (which usually begins in April) to a nearly unprecedented start time of late July. Thus, animals that reproduce in spring and in other years would find bountiful food resources, found themselves faced with famine rather than feast. Similarly, marine mammals and birds which migrate to the NCC upwelling region in spring and summer, which would otherwise find a high biomass of energetically-rich zooplankton and small pelagic fish upon which to feed, were equally disappointed. Moreover, 2005 marked the third year of chronically warm conditions in the NCC, a situation which could have led to a general reduction in physiological condition of fish and birds, rendering them less tolerant of adverse ocean conditions in 2005. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. Ctr Invest Cientif & Educ, Dept Oceanog Biol, Ensenada 22860, Baja California, Mexico. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Point Reyes Bird Observ, Marine Ecol Div, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Moss Landing Marine Labs, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Peterson, B (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Newport, OR 97365 USA. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 47 BP 30 EP 74 PG 45 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 136LC UT WOS:000244222600004 ER PT J AU Sakuma, KM Ralston, S Wespestad, VG AF Sakuma, Keith M. Ralston, Stephen Wespestad, Vidar G. TI Interannual and spatial variation in the distribution of young-of-the-year rockfish (Sebastes spp): Expanding and coordinating a survey sampling frame SO CALIFORNIA COOPERATIVE OCEANIC FISHERIES INVESTIGATIONS REPORTS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; PACIFIC HAKE; LARVAL ROCKFISHES; UPWELLING REGION; JUVENILE; EVENTS; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT; OREGON AB Data on young-of-the-year rockfish, Sebastes spp., were analyzed from two midwater trawl surveys conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service Southwest Fisheries Science Center Fisheries Ecology Division and the Pacific Whitnig Conservation Cooperative from 2001 to 2005. Length-frequency data for Sebastes spp. from the two surveys showed interannual and geographic variability. Examination of side-by-side vessel paired trawls indicated a disparity in the 2001 and 2002 data, while for 2003 to 2005 the Sebastes spp. catch data and species richness were comparable. Coinparlson of the mean log-transformed catches of Sebastes spp. from the two surveys showed significant inter-survey differences in 2001 and 2002, but results for 2003 to 200-5 were similar. Given the concordance between the two surveys from 2003 to 2005, those data were pooled and abundance patterns by latitude and year were examined for S. entomelas, S. flavidus, S. jordani, S. mystinus, S. paucispinis, and S. pinniger. Interannual shifts in latitudinal distribution were observed, with changes in abundance often associated with the biogeographic boundaries of Point Conception, Cape Mendocino, and Cape Blanco. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Pacific Whiting Conservat Cooperat, Seattle, WA 98199 USA. RP Sakuma, KM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM keith.sakuma@noaa.gov RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 43 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 7 PU SCRIPPS INST OCEANOGRAPHY PI LA JOLLA PA A-003, LA JOLLA, CA 92093 USA SN 0575-3317 J9 CAL COOP OCEAN FISH JI Calif. Coop. Ocean. Fish. Invest. Rep. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 47 BP 127 EP 139 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 136LC UT WOS:000244222600010 ER PT J AU Shaw, FR Gunderson, DR AF Shaw, FR Gunderson, DR TI Life history traits of the greenstriped rockfish, Sebastes elongatus SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID AGE-DETERMINATION; YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; PACIFIC OCEAN; LONGEVITY; GROWTH; OTOLITHS; REPRODUCTION; CALIFORNIA; ALUTUS; FISHES AB The life history traits of the greenstriped rockfish, Sebastes elongatus, a common scorpaenid inhabiting the west coast of North America from near Cedros Island, Baja California, Mexico to near Chirikof Island,Alaska, USA at depths ranging from 12 to 491 m, are described. Maximum observed size was 430 mm fork length (FL) and 980 g. There is strong sexual dimorphism, with females reaching larger sizes. Age composition and growth were estimated from sectioned sagittal otoliths of 465 fish collected in 1995. Ages ranged from 2 to 46 years. Growth was slow and was best described by the von Bertalanffy growth model. A total of 123 gonads was collected throughout 1995. Greenstriped rockfish are viviparous, reproduce annually, and are determinate spawners. There is a delay between copulation and ova fertilization, during which time sperm is stored in the inter-lamellar tissues of a mature ovary. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) peaked in December for males and in May for females. Parturition occurs in June. The length at 50% maturity was 230 mm FL for males and 210 mm FL for females. The rate of natural mortality (M) was estimated to be 0.09 using the maximum age method and 0.15 using the catch curve and GSI methods. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shaw, FR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Frank.Shaw@noaa.gov NR 44 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU CALIF FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD WIN PY 2006 VL 92 IS 1 BP 1 EP 23 PG 23 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 019SF UT WOS:000235856300001 ER PT J AU Laurel, BJ Bradbury, IR AF Laurel, Benjamin J. Bradbury, Ian R. TI "Big" concerns with high latitude marine protected areas (MPAs): trends in connectivity and MPA size SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RESERVES; DISPERSAL; IMPACT AB The success of marine protected areas (MPAs) as fisheries management tools in tropical latitudes has generated interest in their applicability and potential elsewhere. Here we suggest that dispersal and gene flow in marine fish populations (a primary biological consideration for marine reserve design) increases with latitude. For example, north temperate fish species at latitudes between 40 degrees and 45 degrees had about three times greater dispersal potential (planktonic larval duration (PLD), n = 96 species) and genetic homogeneity (F-ST, n = 100 species) than fish species near equatorial regions. Using the PLD and FST relationships, dispersal increases at a rate of similar to 8% per degree of latitude north or south of the equator. Therefore tropical MPAs should not serve as direct scalar templates in other regions, but rather should be used as a basis against which higher-latitude MPAs should be scaled. However, a review of 429 existing MPAs indicates that no such changes in reserve size have been implemented with respect to latitude. Fisheries managers must be prepared and willing to implement MPAs at large scales in high latitudes, either as single reserves or in a network, or else we lose the legitimacy of a new and promising management tool for conserving marine biodiversity in cold ocean regions. C1 Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Environm & Ecosyst Sci Sect, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Marine Gene Probe Lab, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada. RP Laurel, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ben.laurel@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2603 EP 2607 DI 10.1139/F06-151 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 132LV UT WOS:000243945200001 ER PT J AU Agostini, VN Francis, RC Hollowed, AB Pierce, SD Wilson, C Hendrix, AN AF Agostini, Vera N. Francis, Robert C. Hollowed, Anne B. Pierce, Stephen D. Wilson, Chris Hendrix, Albert N. TI The relationship between Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) distribution and poleward subsurface flow in the California Current System SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID EASTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; EL-NINO; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; NORTH PACIFIC; REGIME SHIFT; WEST-COAST; RECRUITMENT AB In a search for ocean conditions potentially affecting the extent of Pacific hake (Merluccius productus) feeding migrations, we analyzed data collected in 1995 and 1998 by the National Marine Fisheries Service on abundance and distribution of hake (by echo integration), intensity and distribution of alongshore flow (from acoustic Doppler current profiler), and temperature (conductivity-temperature-depth profiles). Our results show that Pacific hake are associated with subsurface poleward flow and not a specific temperature range. Temporal and spatial patterns characterize both hake distribution and undercurrent characteristics during the two years of this study. We suggest that poleward flow in this area defines adult hake habitat, with flow properties aiding or impeding the poleward migration of the population. We conclude that although physical processes may not directly affect fish production, they may be the link between large-scale ocean-atmosphere variability and pelagic fish distribution. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98149 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Oregon State Univ, COAS, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Agostini, VN (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Pew Inst Ocean Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Way, Miami, FL 33133 USA. EM vagostini@rsmas.miami.edu RI Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 NR 51 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2648 EP 2659 DI 10.1139/F06-139 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 132LV UT WOS:000243945200005 ER PT J AU Hard, JJ Elliott, DG Pascho, RJ Chase, DM Park, LK Winton, JR Campton, DE AF Hard, Jeffrey J. Elliott, Diane G. Pascho, Ronald J. Chase, Dorothy M. Park, Linda K. Winton, James R. Campton, Donald E. TI Genetic effects of ELISA-based segregation for control of bacterial kidney disease in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID BROOD STOCK SEGREGATION; RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; COHO SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; TRANSFERRIN GENOTYPES; SELECTION EXPERIMENTS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; POVIDONE-IODINE; PACIFIC SALMON AB We evaluated genetic variation in ability of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to resist two bacterial pathogens: Renibacterium salmoninarum, the agent of bacterial kidney disease (BKD), and Listonella anguillarum, an agent of vibriosis. After measuring R. salmoninarum antigen in 499 adults by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), we mated each of 12 males with high or low antigen levels to two females with low to moderate levels and exposed subsets of their progeny to each pathogen separately. We found no correlation between R. salmoninarum antigen level in parents and survival of their progeny following pathogen exposure. We estimated high heritability for resistance to R. salmoninarum (survival h(2) = 0.890 +/- 0.256 (mean +/- standard error)) independent of parental antigen level, but low heritability for resistance to L. anguillarum (h(2) = 0.128 +/- 0.078). The genetic correlation between these survivals (r(A) = -0.204 +/- 0.309) was near zero. The genetic and phenotypic correlations between survival and antigen levels among surviving progeny exposed to R. salmoninarum were both negative (r(A) = -0.716 +/- 0.140; r(P) = -0.378 +/- 0.041), indicating that variation in antigen level is linked to survival. These results suggest that selective culling of female broodstock with high antigen titers, which is effective in controlling BKD in salmon hatcheries, will not affect resistance of their progeny. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. US Geol Survey, Biol Resources Div, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Abernathy Fish Technol Ctr, Longview, WA 98632 USA. RP Hard, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jeff.hard@noaa.gov RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009 NR 76 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 12 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 63 IS 12 BP 2793 EP 2808 DI 10.1139/F06-163 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 132LV UT WOS:000243945200016 ER PT J AU O'Corry-Crowe, G Taylor, BL Gelatt, T Loughlin, TR Bickham, J Basterretche, M Pitcher, KW DeMaster, DP AF O'Corry-Crowe, G. Taylor, B. L. Gelatt, T. Loughlin, T. R. Bickham, J. Basterretche, M. Pitcher, K. W. DeMaster, D. P. TI Demographic independence along ecosystem boundaries in Steller sea lions revealed by mtDNA analysis: implications for management of an endangered species SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY-REVUE CANADIENNE DE ZOOLOGIE LA English DT Article ID MAXIMUM-LIKELIHOOD-ESTIMATION; CONTROL-REGION SEQUENCES; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; COALESCENT APPROACH; DNA POLYMORPHISM; NORTH PACIFIC; GENE FLOW; POPULATION; EASTERN AB Previous genetic studies indicate Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)) comprise three phylogeo-graphically distinct populations. However, differences in population trends and ecology and the limited extent of recorded dispersal suggest structure may be present at smaller scales. We examined sequence variation within a longer segment (531 bp) of the mtDNA control region in greater numbers (n = 1654) of sea lions from across Alaska than earlier investigations to investigate fine-scale dispersal patterns in Steller sea lions. We detected high levels of haplotypic diversity (h = 0.934) and confirmed phylogeographic differentiation between southeastern and western Alaska (Phi(st) = 0.23, P < 0.0001), but also found significant differentiation at regional and local scales. Rookeries in the Gulf of Alaska, eastern Bering Sea, and eastern Aleutians were distinct from rookeries in the central and western Aleutians (F-st = 0.021, P < 0.0001; Phi(st) = 0.017, P < 0.0001). The location of this split coincides with an oceanographic divergence between continental shelf and ocean basin waters and with differences in sea lion foraging ecology and population trends. A number of rookeries were also significantly differentiated from nearby rookeries (F-st = 0.02-0.025, P < 0.05), signifying substantial female-mediated philopatry, in some cases, at local scales. These findings have important implications for understanding the ecology of Steller sea lions in relation to marine ecosystems and the causes of population declines, and they provide guidance for management, including the identification of management stocks. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP O'Corry-Crowe, G (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM greg.o'corry-crowe@noaa.gov NR 59 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool.-Rev. Can. Zool. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 84 IS 12 BP 1796 EP 1809 DI 10.1139/Z06-167 PG 14 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 140VD UT WOS:000244533900012 ER PT J AU Pearse, DE Dastrup, RB Hernandez, O Sites, JW AF Pearse, Devon E. Dastrup, R. Brigham Hernandez, Omar Sites, Jack W., Jr. TI Paternity in an Orinoco Population of Endangered Arrau River Turtles, Podocnemis expansa (Pleurodira; Podocnemididae), from Venezuela SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Reptilia; Testudines; Podocnemididae; Podocnemis expansa; turtle; genetics; multiple paternity; microsatellites; Venezuela AB We used genetic data from 7 microsatellite loci to determine the frequency of multiple paternity in clutches of giant Amazon river turtles, Podocnemis expansa, from the Orinoco River in Venezuela. Among hatchlings sampled from 32 clutches, paternity analysis found that a minimum of 10.3% could conclusively be shown to have been sired by more than one male. We contrast this result with those from another population of this species, as well as other species of turtles, and discuss the importance of documenting patterns of paternity in different populations of a given species and considering the effects of ecological differences among populations on female mating behavior. C1 [Pearse, Devon E.; Dastrup, R. Brigham; Sites, Jack W., Jr.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Integrat Biol, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Hernandez, Omar] FUDECI, Caracas 1010, Venezuela. RP Pearse, DE (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz Lab, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM Devon.Pearse@noaa.gov; brigham@jhmi.edu; ohernandez@fudeci.org.ve; Jack_Sites@byu.edu FU Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (FONACIT) [Sl-97002706]; NSF [DEB 98-15881]; Chelonian Research Foundation; BYU Office of Research and Creative Activities FX Special thanks to the administration and staff of Funicacion Para el Desarrollo de las Ciencias Fisicas, Matematicas, y Naturales (FUDECI) in Caracas, Venezuela. the administration and staff of the Zoocria de Tortuga Arrau, Puerto Ayacucho; the field staff of the Refugio de la Tortuga Arrau; to T. Escalona, M. Estaba, and N. Valenzuela for extensive assistance in collecting samples: and to A. Fiumera for conducting the simulations by using BROOD. Samples were collected and exported under CITES permit no. 0859, Contrato de Accesso a los Recursos Geneticos, both issued by the Venezuelan Ministerio del Ambiente y de los Recursos, Naturales Renovables (MARNR), and imported into the United States under CITES permit no. MA006998-6, issued by the Office of Management Authority, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. This work was supported by the Venezuelan research agency Fondo Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnologia e Innovacion (FONACIT) award Sl-97002706 to OH. NSF award DEB 98-15881 to JWS, Jr. (including REU supplements), a Linnaeus Fund Award from Chelonian Research Foundation to DEP, and fellowships from the BYU Office of Research and Creative Activities (2002, 2003) to RBD. The manuscript wits improved by comments from Brad Shaffer and one anonymous reviewer. for which the authors are grateful. NR 35 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 232 EP 238 DI 10.2744/1071-8443(2006)5[232:PIAOPO]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V77VR UT WOS:000205261500007 ER PT J AU Swimmer, JY AF Swimmer, J. Yonat TI Relationship Between Basking and Fibropapillomatosis in Captive Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas) SO CHELONIAN CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article AB This research was conducted to determine a potential relationship between fibropapillomatosis (FP) and basking behavior in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) in Hawaii. Only turtles with FP were observed basking, and basking resulted in increased body temperature of 2.9 degrees C above ambient. C1 Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Swimmer, JY (reprint author), Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Yonat.Swimmer@noaa.gov FU National Marine Fisheries Service; Lerner Grey Fund for Marine Research (American Museum Of Natural History); University of Michigan FX I Would like to thank G. Balazs, R. Brill, T. Root, and G.C. Whitlow for invaluable assistance throughout the Course of this research Lis well Lis writing of the manuscript. I thank A. Southwood and M. Musyl for editorial comments. This research was Supported in parts by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Sigma-Xi Grants-in-Aid of Research, Lerner Grey Fund for Marine Research (American Museum Of Natural History). and the University of Michigan. Animal maintenance and experimental protocols were approved by the University of Michigan Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Collecting permits were obtained from the National Marine Fisheries Service. Southwest Fisheries Science Center Honolulu Laboratory. NR 30 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU CHELONIAN RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LUNENBURG PA 168 GOODRICH ST., LUNENBURG, MA USA SN 1071-8443 J9 CHELONIAN CONSERV BI JI Chelonian Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 5 IS 2 BP 305 EP 309 DI 10.2744/1071-8443(2006)5[305:RBBAFI]2.0.CO;2 PG 5 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V77VR UT WOS:000205261500021 ER PT J AU Bedner, M MacCrehan, WA AF Bedner, Mary MacCrehan, William A. TI Reactions of the amine-containing drugs fluoxetine and metoprolol during chlorination and dechlorination processes used in wastewater treatment SO CHEMOSPHERE LA English DT Article DE chlorine; sulfite; disinfection; pharmaceutical; chloramine ID RECEPTOR-BLOCKING PHARMACEUTICALS; SEWAGE-TREATMENT PLANTS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; BETA-BLOCKERS; CHLORAMINES; KINETICS; SULFITE; TRANSFORMATION; WASTEWATERS AB The reactivities of the amine-containing pharmaceuticals fluoxetine and metoprolol with hypochlorite were studied using conditions that simulate wastewater disinfection including neutral pH (7.0), a range of reaction times (2-60 min), and a molar excess of hypochlorite relative to the pharmaceutical concentration (5.7 times). The reactions were monitored using liquid chromatography (LC) with several detection modes including ultraviolet absorbance (UV), mass spectrometry (MS), and post-column reaction/reductive electrochemistry (EC) for determining active chlorine products. At levels of 10 mu M, both compounds reacted rapidly (< 2 min) to form principally N-chloramine products that were stable in aqueous solution for at least I h. The reaction was also studied in wastewater, and similar reactivity was noted. These results demonstrate that the cations fluoxetine and metoprolol are likely to be rapidly transformed into neutral N-chloramines during wastewater disinfection. The reactivity of the N-chloramines was also studied with sulfite to simulate dechlorination, which is often employed in wastewater treatment. Both N-chloramines reacted slowly with sulfite. In the pure water dechlorination experiments, it was estimated that 70% and 10% of the peak areas remained after 2 min reaction time for fluoxetine and metoprolol, respectively. At longer reaction times both N-chloramines had been completely reduced by sulfite, and the product of the sulfite reduction reaction was the parent pharmaceutical amine. Since typical dechlorination times in wastewater treatment are on the order of seconds, this suggests the chloramines formed from these two basic drugs might evade dechlorination and be released into the environment. The implications of chloramine release are discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bedner, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.bedner@nist.gov NR 25 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 33 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0045-6535 J9 CHEMOSPHERE JI Chemosphere PD DEC PY 2006 VL 65 IS 11 BP 2130 EP 2137 DI 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.06.016 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 119NQ UT WOS:000243019400028 PM 16870235 ER PT J AU Bullard, JW AF Bullard, Jeffrey W. TI Coarse-graining approximation for simulating surface reaction kinetics in particulate systems SO COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE coarse graining; kinetics; reactions; coarsening AB When systems of reacting solid or liquid particles are explicitly modeled on a computational mesh, a wide distribution of initial particle sizes can lead to undesirably large numbers of mesh points. A coarse graining method is presented that avoids this problem by essentially grouping the finest particles together into a number of larger clusters. The excess surface area of these clusters is incorporated into a bias factor that can be multiplied by the intrinsic reaction rate constant to approximate the enhanced reaction rate of the clusters relative to actual particles of the same size. The bias factor can be calculated directly from knowledge of mesh point spacing and of the particle size distribution. Examples are given of the value that the bias factor can have for a model distribution of particle sizes, using computational meshes with varying resolution limits. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bullard, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bullard@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0927-0256 J9 COMP MATER SCI JI Comput. Mater. Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 2 BP 369 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.commatsci.2005.09.013 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 117LT UT WOS:000242875400017 ER PT J AU Fischer, CF Gaigalas, G Ralchenko, Y AF Fischer, Charlotte Froese Gaigalas, Gediminas Ralchenko, Yuri TI Some corrections to GRASP92 SO COMPUTER PHYSICS COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article DE atomic structured; atomic energy levels; complex atoms; correlation; relativistic effects; jj-coupled wavefunctions; transition probabilities; E2 transitions ID PROGRAM; IONS; PACKAGE AB The GRASP92 package is a suite of programs for atomic structure calculations based on Dirac-Hartree-Fock theory. In this paper we report corrections that concern three issues. Corrections to a logical error are reported that affect extended optimal level (EOL) calculations important for correlation studies. The removal of a limitation on diagonal energy parameters is recommended for correlation orbitals. Another correction removes an error in the evaluation of one-electron matrix elements for tensors of rank greater than zero. This error affects electric quadrupole (E2) transition probabilities, off-diagonal hyperfine parameters, and quadrupole moments. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fischer, CF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charlotte.fischer@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0010-4655 J9 COMPUT PHYS COMMUN JI Comput. Phys. Commun. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 175 IS 11-12 BP 738 EP 744 DI 10.1016/j.cpc.2006.07.023 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 120ED UT WOS:000243065600007 ER PT J AU Schwenke, PL Rhydderch, JG Ford, MJ Marshall, AR Park, LK AF Schwenke, Piper L. Rhydderch, James G. Ford, Michael J. Marshall, Anne R. Park, Linda K. TI Forensic identification of endangered Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) using a multilocus SNP assay SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Chinook Salmon; forensic; individual assignment; single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; OCEAN-TYPE; GENOTYPES; HISTORY; GENES AB Upper Columbia River spring-run Chinook salmon are listed as endangered under the Endangered Species Act (ESA). Forensic genetic analyses are needed to assist the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Fisheries Office of Law Enforcement (NOAA Fisheries OLE) during criminal investigations of ESA take violations. Previous genetic studies using allozyme markers have demonstrated that the spring-run and summer-run of Chinook salmon in the Upper Columbia River are genetically differentiated. Because many of the carcasses collected as forensic evidence are of compromised quality, we have developed a PCR based assay to distinguish between the spring-run and the summer-run Chinook salmon in the upper Columbia River Basin. A total of 347 Chinook salmon samples from the upper Columbia River in Washington State were surveyed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using PCR-RFLP at two nuclear genetic loci (Somatolactin and Cytochrome p450A), and a mitochondrial locus (Cytochrome Oxidase III/ND3). We found near fixed differences in our SNP baseline between the summer-run and the spring-run Chinook salmon in the upper Columbia River at these loci enabling us to assign individuals to the most likely population of origin with a high degree of accuracy. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Schwenke, PL (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E,Room 342E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM piper.schwenke@noaa.gov RI Ford, Michael/K-3147-2012 NR 19 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 7 IS 6 BP 983 EP 989 DI 10.1007/s10592-006-9133-x PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 104GW UT WOS:000241947900014 ER PT J AU Wynne, TT Stumpf, RP Richardson, AG AF Wynne, Timothy T. Stumpf, Richard P. Richardson, Alec G. TI Discerning resuspended chlorophyll concentrations from ocean color satellite imagery SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE continental shelf; chlorophyll; Gulf of Mexico; ocean color; resuspension; SeaWiFS; Texas; winds ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; BENTHIC MICROALGAL BIOMASS; TEXAS CONTINENTAL-SHELF; KARENIA-BREVIS BLOOMS; NEPHELOID LAYER; ATLANTIC BIGHT; TURBID ESTUARY; WESTERN GULF; PHYTOPLANKTON; BAY AB Ocean color satellite imagery has been used to detect blooms of phytoplankton for decades. A bloom in this sense is defined as a rapid increase in chlorophyll-a concentration from newly synthesized sources (primary production) within the photic zone. Chlorophyll also has the potential to enter the water column from benthic sources as a result of resuspension events. Currently available bio-optical ocean color algorithms estimate the near-surface chlorophyll concentration in the water column but cannot characterize the source. By estimating resuspension, one can isolate the proportion of the total chlorophyll present in the water column that originated from benthic sources. The increase in remote sensing reflectance (Rrs) at 670nm as measured by SeaWiFS appears as a result of an increase in suspended materials, therefore, providing an estimate of resuspension. After examining imagery in locations of variable resuspension along the Texas coast, a strong positive correlation between the Rrs(670) produced by resuspension and the ratio of resuspended chlorophyll to total water column chlorophyll was observed. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, IMSG, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. SPS Technol Inc, NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wynne, TT (reprint author), NOAA, IMSG, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 East West Highway,N-SC11 Room 9120, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Timothy.Wynne@noaa.gov; Richard.Stumpf@noaa.gov; Alec.Richardson@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 20 BP 2583 EP 2597 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2006.08.003 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 115XH UT WOS:000242766600005 ER PT J AU Jakupciak, JP Dakubo, GD Maragh, S Parr, RL AF Jakupciak, John P. Dakubo, Gabriel D. Maragh, Samantha Parr, Ryan L. TI Analysis of potential cancer biomarkers in mitochondrial DNA SO CURRENT OPINION IN MOLECULAR THERAPEUTICS LA English DT Review DE biomarkers; cancer; DNA sequencing; early detection; mitochondrial microarray ID TIME PCR ANALYSIS; PROSTATE-CANCER; MTDNA MUTATIONS; CONTROL REGION; HUMAN SKIN; ADAPTIVE SELECTION; CHINESE FAMILIES; COMMON DELETION; GENE-EXPRESSION; TISSUE ADJACENT AB Understanding mitochondrial biology is a fundamental research goal in human genetics and medicine. The use of mitochondria to serve as a biomarker is rapidly expanding in disciplines ranging from cancer, rare metabolic diseases, aging, the tracing of human migration patterns in antiquity, population characterization using maternal markers, and human identification. Mitochondrial DNA ( mtDNA) mutations occur frequently in cancer, and there is an important need for validating mtDNA mutations as cancer biomarkers for the detection of early-stage disease. Although a few studies have suggested tissue-specific mtDNA mutations, there is no single mutational hotspot associated with the wide spectrum of cancer patients; hence, sequencing the entire mitochondrial genome and further characterization of the multiple deletions associated with tumors is required to detect the mutation load on an individual basis. Microarray-based technology provides a reliable and rapid method to detect all mutations of the entire mitochondrial genome. In addition to microarray-based sequencing, real-time PCR is an important method for deletion analysis. Mutations throughout the mitochondrial genome are recurrent events in primary tumor tissues and in corresponding non-invasively collected body fluids. Thus, mtDNA mutation analysis may provide a molecular tool for the early detection and prognosis of cancer. Recent findings have verified that relatively simple diagnostic tests for detecting mtDNA mutations, involving mitochondrial microarray chips and/or real-time PCR bioassays, have exciting predictive potential for cancer detection and prognosis. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Genesis Genom, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5Z5, Canada. RP Jakupciak, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM johnj@nist.gov NR 63 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 3 PU THOMSON SCIENTIFIC PI LONDON PA MIDDLESEX HOUSE, 34-42 CLEVELAND STREET, LONDON, W1T 4JE, ENGLAND SN 1464-8431 J9 CURR OPIN MOL THER JI Curr. Opin. Mol. Ther. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 8 IS 6 BP 500 EP 506 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 142RT UT WOS:000244668200005 PM 17243485 ER PT J AU Floyd, CJE Dickens, SH AF Floyd, Cynthia J. E. Dickens, Sabine H. TI Network structure of bis-GMA- and UDMA-based resin systems SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE dental resins; dimethacrylates; near-infrared spectroscopy; photo-polymerization; nuclear magnetic resonance; volumetric shrinkage; network formation ID DENTAL RESINS; LEACHABLE COMPONENTS; POLYMER STRUCTURES; INFRARED-ANALYSIS; IN-VITRO; COMPOSITES; CYTOTOXICITY; CONVERSION; KINETICS; ELUTION AB Objectives. The commonly used dental base monomers 2,2-bis[p-(2'-hydroxy-3'-methacryloxypropoxy)phenylene] propane (Bis-GMA) and 1,6-bis(methacryloxy-2-ethoxycarbonylamino)-2,4,4- trimethylhexane (UDMA) require the use of a diluent monomer, such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA). The aim of this study was to measure double bond conversion of UDMA/TEGDMA and Bis-GMA/TEGDMA polymeric systems, determine the leachable portion, and analyze network formation by evaluating crosslinking and pendant double bonds. Methods. UDMA or Bis-GMA was combined with TEGDMA in systematic increments and irradiated to form light cured polymers. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the near-infrared region was used to measure double bond conversion. The leachable Sol fraction was analyzed by H-1 NMR. Resin composites were formulated. Flexural strength was measured by three-point bending and volumetric shrinkage was determined with a mercury dilatometer. Results. The amount of base monomer greatly influenced double bond conversion, Sol fraction, and crosslinking. Increasing base monomer concentration decreased double bond conversion, increased the leachable fraction, and decreased crosslinking and network formation. At mole fractions higher than 0.125, the UDMA polymers had significantly higher conversion than the Bis-GMA polymers. Bis-GMA polymers had higher leachable amounts of unreacted monomer, while UDMA mixtures had more crosslinking than the Bis-GMA mixtures. In regards to the physical properties of resin composites, increasing the base monomer improved flexural strength and decreased volumetric shrinkage. Significance. This systematic study for the evaluation of conversion, leachability, crosslinking, and network structure along with physical properties, like volumetric shrinkage and flexural strength, are required for the optimization of competing desirable properties for the development of durable materials. (c) 2005 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dickens, SH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sabine.dickens@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE13298] NR 30 TC 90 Z9 99 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 22 IS 12 BP 1143 EP 1149 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2005.10.009 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 114KA UT WOS:000242663900011 PM 16376422 ER PT J AU Kiladis, GN Mapes, BE AF Kiladis, George N. Mapes, Brian E. TI Convective life cycles and scale interactions in tropical waves SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Phys Sci Div RPSD5, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kiladis, GN (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Phys Sci Div RPSD5, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM george.kiladis@noaa.gov RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD DEC PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2006.07.001 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 108XJ UT WOS:000242272200001 ER PT J AU Mapes, B Tulich, S Lin, J Zuidema, P AF Mapes, Brian Tulich, Stefan Lin, Jialin Zuidema, Paquita TI The mesoscale convection life cycle: Building block or prototype for large-scale tropical waves? SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE atmospheric convection; tropical meteorology; mesoscale convective systems ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; PACIFIC WARM POOL; SQUALL-LINE STRUCTURE; TOGA COARE; EQUATORIAL WAVES; DEEP CONVECTION; WESTERN PACIFIC; CLOUD CLUSTERS; GRAVITY-WAVES; EAST PACIFIC AB A cumulonimbus cloud may ascend and spawn its anvil cloud, precipitation, and downdrafts within an hour or so. This paper inquires why a similar progression of events (life cycle) is observed for tropical weather fluctuations with time scales of hours, days, and even weeks. Regressions using point data illustrate the characteristic unit of rain production: the mesoscale convective system (MCS), covering tens of kilometers and lasting several hours, with embedded convective rain cells. Meanwhile, averages over larger spatial areas indicate a self-similar progression from shallow to deep convection to stratiform anvils on many time scales. Synthetic data exercises indicate that simple superpositions of fixed-structure MCS life cycles (the Building Block hypothesis) cannot explain why longer period life cycles are similar. Rather, it appears that an MCS may be a small analogue or prototype of larger scale waves. Multiscale structure is hypothesized to occur via a Stretched Building Block conceptual model, in which the widths (durations) of zones of shallow, deep, and stratiform anvil clouds in MCSs are modulated by larger scale waves. Temperature (T) and humidity (q) data are examined and fed into an entraining plume model, in an attempt to elucidate their relative roles in these large-scale convection zone variations. T profile variations, with wavelengths shorter than troposphere depth, appear important for high-frequency (similar to 2-5-day period) convectively coupled waves, as density directly links convection (via buoyancy) and large-scale wave dynamics (via restoring force). Still, the associated q anomalies are several times greater than adiabatic, suggesting a strong amplification by shallow convective feedbacks. For lower frequency (intraseasonal) variability, q anomalies are considerably larger compared to T, and may be dominant. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mapes, B (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, MPO, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM mapes@miami.edu RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010; Zuidema, Paquita/C-9659-2013 OI Zuidema, Paquita/0000-0003-4719-372X NR 69 TC 153 Z9 153 U1 2 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD DEC PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 3 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2006.03.003 PG 27 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 108XJ UT WOS:000242272200002 ER PT J AU Straub, KH Kiladis, GN Ciesielski, PE AF Straub, Katherine H. Kiladis, George N. Ciesielski, Paul E. TI The role of equatorial waves in the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon and the demise of El Nino during 1998 SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article DE tropical meteorology; monsoons; Kelvin waves; El Nino phenomena; oscillations ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; INTRASEASONAL VARIATIONS; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; TROPICAL CONVECTION; EASTERN PACIFIC; 1ST TRANSITION; INDIAN MONSOON; LIFE-CYCLE; PART I; TERMINATION AB The observed sequence of events leading to the onset of the summer monsoon in the South China Sea (SCS) is described, with a particular focus on conditions during the South China Sea monsoon experiment (SCSMEX) in May-June 1998. During SCSMEX, SCS monsoon onset occurred within the context of a multitude of scale interactions within the ocean-atmosphere system on intraseasonal time scales. Results from the 1998 SCSMEX case study illustrate that SCS monsoon onset is preceded by the development of an eastward-propagating Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) in the Indian Ocean, as suggested by previous authors, and the subsequent emanation of a convectively coupled Kelvin wave into the Pacific. Remarkably similar results are obtained in an independent composite of 25 years of data. Since both the MJO and Kelvin waves generate westerly surface winds in their wake, it is suggested that these waves may accelerate or trigger the monsoon onset process in the southern SCS. A detailed analysis of the Kelvin wave that propagated through the SCS during SCSMEX shows that it was responsible for a large portion of the surface wind shift leading to monsoon onset in 1998. Finally, easterly wind anomalies in the eastern Pacific associated with the Indian Ocean MJO event during the SCSMEX period are shown to result in the sudden demise of the 1997-1998 El Nino event. (C) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Susquehanna Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Selinsgrove, PA 17870 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Straub, KH (reprint author), Susquehanna Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, 514 Univ Ave, Selinsgrove, PA 17870 USA. EM straubk@susqu.edu NR 66 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD DEC PY 2006 VL 42 IS 1-4 SI SI BP 216 EP 238 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2006.02.005 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 108XJ UT WOS:000242272200009 ER PT J AU Littnan, CL Stewart, BS Yochem, PK Braun, R AF Littnan, Charles L. Stewart, Brent S. Yochem, Pamela K. Braun, Robert TI Survey for selected pathogens and evaluation of disease risk factors for endangered Hawaiian monk seals in the main Hawaiian Islands SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE Hawaiian monk seal; Monachus schauinslandi; Hawaiian Islands; leptospirosis; toxoplasmosis; pathogen pollution ID SEMIVOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TOXOPLASMA-GONDII; MASS MORTALITY; MARINE MAMMALS; ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES; STREAMBED SEDIMENT; UNITED-STATES; HOME-RANGE; TUBERCULOSIS; VIRUS AB A recently reestablished and increasing population of Hawaiian monk seals in the main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) is encouraging for this endangered species. However, seals in the MHI may be exposed to a broad range of human, pet, livestock, and feral animal pathogens. Our objective was to determine the movement and foraging habitats of Hawaiian monk seals in the MHI relative to the potential exposure of seals to infectious diseases in near-shore marine habitats. We captured 18 monk seals in the MHI between January 27, 2004 and November 29, 2005, tested them for various infectious diseases, and then monitored the foraging movements of 11 of them using satellite-linked radio transmitters for the next 32-167 days. All seals tested negative for canine adenovirus, calicivirus, four morbilliviruses, phocine herpes virus, Leptospira sp., and feline and canine heartworm antigen/antibody. Six of the seals tested positive on complement fixation for Chiamydophila abortus (formerly Chlamydia psittaci). Four seals demonstrated positive titers to Sarcocystis neurona, two to Neospora caminum, and two to Toxoplasma gondii. Fecal cultures showed approximately half (n = 6) positive for E. coli O157, no Salmonella sp., and only one with Campylobacter sp. Satellite monitored seals spent considerable time foraging, traveling, and resting in neritic waters close to human population centers, agricultural activity, and livestock ranges, and sources of land-based water runoff and sewage dispersal. Consequently, Hawaiian monk seals in the MHI may be at risk of exposure to several infectious disease agents associated with terrestrial animals that can contaminate marine habitats from runoff along drainages and that are known to cause disease in marine mammals. Further, some seals overlapped substantially in their use of coastal habitats and several moved among islands while foraging and were seen on beaches near each other. This suggests that diseased seals could infect healthy conspecifics throughout the MHI. C1 NOAA Fisheries, PIFSC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Hubbs Sea World Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. RP Littnan, CL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, PIFSC, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM charles.littnan@noaa.gov NR 75 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 6 U2 38 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD DEC PY 2006 VL 3 IS 4 BP 232 EP 244 DI 10.1007/s10393-006-0059-z PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 139NT UT WOS:000244439500003 ER PT J AU Davidson, EA Seitzinger, S AF Davidson, Eric A. Seitzinger, Sybil TI The enigma of progress in denitrification research SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anammox; denitrifying bacteria; dinitrogen; eutrophication; nitrate; nitrogen cycle; nitrogen oxides ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF SEDIMENTS; NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; INLET MASS-SPECTROMETRY; TRACE GAS EMISSIONS; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; ESTUARINE SEDIMENTS; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; RIPARIAN ZONES; WATER AB Humans have dramatically increased the amount of reactive nitrogen (primarily ammonium, nitrogen oxides, and organically bound N) circulating in the biosphere and atmosphere, creating a wide array of desirable products (e.g., food production) and undesirable consequences (e.g., eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems and air pollution). Only when this reactive N is converted back to the chemically unreactive dinitrogen (N-2) form, do these cascading effects of elevated reactive N cease to be of concern. Among the quantitatively most important processes for converting reactive N to N-2 gas is the biological process of classical denitrification, in which oxides of nitrogen are used as terminal electron acceptors in anaerobic respiration. This Invited Feature on denitrification includes a series of papers that integrate our current state of knowledge across terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems on denitrification rates, controlling factors, and methodologies for measuring and modeling denitrification. In this paper, we present an overview of the role of denitrification within the broader N cycle, the environmental and health concerns that have resulted from human alteration of the N cycle, and a brief historical perspective on why denitrification has been so difficult to study. Despite over a century of research on denitrification and numerous recent technological advances, we still lack a comprehensive, quantitative understanding of denitrification rates and controlling factors across ecosystems. Inherent problems of measuring spatially and temporally heterogeneous N2 production under an N-2-rich atmosphere account for much of this slow progress, but lack of interdisciplinary communication of research results and methodological developments has also impeded denitrification research. An integrated multidisciplinary approach to denitrification research, from upland terrestrial ecosystems, to small streams, river systems, estuaries, and continental shelf ecosystems, and to the open ocean, may yield new insights into denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes. C1 Woods Hole Res Ctr, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Davidson, EA (reprint author), Woods Hole Res Ctr, 149 Woods Hole Rd, Falmouth, MA 02540 USA. EM edavidson@whrc.org RI Ducey, Thomas/A-6493-2011; Davidson, Eric/K-4984-2013 OI Davidson, Eric/0000-0002-8525-8697 NR 58 TC 69 Z9 74 U1 7 U2 57 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2057 EP 2063 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2057:TEOPID]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117CC UT WOS:000242849300003 PM 17205889 ER PT J AU Seitzinger, S Harrison, JA Bohlke, JK Bouwman, AF Lowrance, R Peterson, B Tobias, C Van Drecht, G AF Seitzinger, S. Harrison, J. A. Bohlke, J. K. Bouwman, A. F. Lowrance, R. Peterson, B. Tobias, C. Van Drecht, G. TI Denitrification across landscapes and waterscapes: A synthesis SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE continental sheaf; denitrification; estuaries; lakes; nitrogen; oxygen minimum zones; rivers; sediments; soils ID CONTINENTAL-SHELF SEDIMENTS; COASTAL MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; ISOTOPE PAIRING TECHNIQUE; NITROUS-OXIDE PRODUCTION; TROPICAL NORTH PACIFIC; MASS-BALANCE APPROACH; NITRATE-RICH STREAMS; NEW-ENGLAND ESTUARY; SEASONAL-VARIATION AB Denitrification is a critical process regulating the removal of bioavailable nitrogen (N) from natural and human-altered systems. While it has been extensively studied in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems, there has been limited communication among denitrification scientists working in these individual systems. Here, we compare rates of denitrification and controlling factors across a range of ecosystem types. We suggest that terrestrial, freshwater, and marine systems in which denitrification occurs can be organized along a continuum ranging from (1) those in which nitrification and denitrification are tightly coupled in space and time to (2) those in which nitrate production and denitrification are relatively decoupled. In aquatic ecosystems, N inputs influence denitrification rates whereas hydrology and geomorphology influence the proportion of N inputs that are denitrified. Relationships between denitrification and water residence time and N load are remarkably similar across lakes, river reaches, estuaries, and continental shelves. Spatially distributed global models of denitrification suggest that continental shelf sediments account for the largest portion (44%) of total global denitrification, followed by terrestrial soils (22%) and oceanic oxygen minimum zones (OMZs; 14%). Freshwater systems (groundwater, lakes, rivers) account for about 20% and estuaries 1% of total global denitrification. Denitrification of land-based N sources is distributed somewhat differently. Within. watersheds, the amount of land-based N denitrified is generally highest in terrestrial soils, with progressively smaller amounts denitrified in groundwater, rivers, lakes and reservoirs, and estuaries. A number of regional exceptions to this general trend of decreasing denitrification in a downstream direction exist, including significant denitrification in continental shelves of N from terrestrial sources. Though terrestrial soils and groundwater are responsible for much denitrification at the watershed scale, per-area denitrification rates in soils and groundwater (kg N.km(-2).yr(-1)) are, on average, approximately one-tenth the per-area rates of denitrification in lakes, rivers, estuaries, continental shelves, or OMZs. A number of potential approaches to increase denitrification on the landscape, and thus decrease N export to sensitive coastal systems exist. However, these have not generally been widely tested for their effectiveness at scales required to significantly reduce N export at the whole watershed scale. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. US Geol Survey, Reston, VA 20192 USA. Netherlands Environm Assessment Agcy, NL-3720 AH Bilthoven, Netherlands. USDA ARS, SE Watershed Res Lab, Tifton, GA 31794 USA. Marine Biol Lab, Ctr Ecosyst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ N Carolina, Dept Earth Sci, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Seitzinger, S (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, NOAA CMER Program, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM sybil@marine.rutgers.edu RI Harrison, John/F-2280-2011; Bouwman, Lex/B-7053-2012; Bouwman, Lex/F-1444-2015 OI Bouwman, Lex/0000-0002-2045-1859 NR 189 TC 578 Z9 606 U1 54 U2 487 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 6 BP 2064 EP 2090 DI 10.1890/1051-0761(2006)016[2064:DALAWA]2.0.CO;2 PG 27 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 117CC UT WOS:000242849300004 PM 17205890 ER PT J AU Spromberg, JA Meador, JP AF Spromberg, Julann A. Meador, James P. TI Relating chronic toxicity responses to population-level effects: A comparison of population-level parameters for three salmon species as a function of low-level toxicity SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ecological Models as Decision Tools in the 21st Century CY AUG 22-24, 2004 CL Quebec, CANADA SP Int Soc Ecol Modelling DE life history modeling; chronic toxicity; salmon; population-level effects ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY STRATEGIES; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; FISH POPULATIONS; PUGET-SOUND; INCREASED SUSCEPTIBILITY; CONTAMINANT EXPOSURE; ATLANTIC SALMON; MARINE SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB Standard laboratory toxicity tests assess the physiological responses of individual organisms to exposure to toxic substances under controlled conditions. Time and space restrictions often prevent the assessment of population-level responses to a toxic substance. Contaminants can affect various biological functions (e.g. growth, fecundity or behavior), which may alter different demographic traits, leading to population-level impacts. In this study, immune suppression, reproductive dysfunction and somatic growth impairment were examined using life history matrix models for coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Our intent was to gauge the relative magnitude of response to toxic effects among species and between life history stages, not provide a specific estimate of population growth rate or abundance. Effects due to immune suppression were modeled as reductions in age-specific survival. Toxic impacts on reproductive function were modeled as a 10% reduction in reproductive contribution for all reproductively mature age groups. Model runs that examined the effect of somatic growth reduction on population parameters incorporated both survival and reproductive impacts. All impacts were modeled as 10% reductions in the affected population demographic parameters. First-year survival and reproductive impacts produced similar population growth rates (lambda), but resulted in different sensitivity and stable age distributions. Modeled somatic growth reduction produced additive effects on survival and reproduction. Toxic stressors producing similar changes in; did not necessarily produce similar changes in the age distributions. Sensitivity and elasticity analyses demonstrated that changes to the first-year survival rate produced the greatest per-unit effect on; for each species. Alteration in abundance of mature females also strongly influenced L Differences observed between species showed that the number of reproductive ages and time to reproductive maturity were important components for population-level responses. These results emphasize the importance of linking toxicity responses at low concentrations to the demographic traits they affect, and help to highlight the toxicity tests that are more suitable for assessing impacts on the focal species. Additionally, life history modeling is a useful tool for developing testable hypotheses regarding impacts on specific populations as well as for conducting comparisons between populations. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Spromberg, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM julann.spromberg@noaa.gov NR 57 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 7 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 199 IS 3 SI SI BP 240 EP 252 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.05.007 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 109JF UT WOS:000242303300004 ER PT J AU Moran, P Teel, DJ LaHood, ES Drake, J Kalinowski, S AF Moran, P. Teel, D. J. LaHood, E. S. Drake, J. Kalinowski, S. TI Standardising multi-lab oratory microsatellite data in Pacific salmon: an historical view of the future SO ECOLOGY OF FRESHWATER FISH LA English DT Letter DE Oncorhynchus; Pacific salmon; microsatellite; population genetics ID STEELHEAD ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; UPPER TEMPERATURE TOLERANCE; MIXED-STOCK FISHERIES; SOCKEYE-SALMON; COHO SALMON; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; RAINBOW-TROUT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; GENETIC-ANALYSIS; CHUM SALMON AB For at least 15 years, multiple Pacific Rim Laboratories have cooperated to standardise the collection of Pacific salmon genetic data. For species such as Chinook salmon and chum salmon, allozyme electrophoretic data sets now include hundreds of populations sampled over multiple years throughout the north Pacific. More recently, microsatellite DNA markers have emerged as a new cornerstone of Pacific salmon genetic research. The allozyme experience provides at least two important lessons regarding shared, standardised databases. First, interlaboratory standardisation is sufficiently costly and time consuming that little progress is typically made in the absence of specific fishery management and conservation needs; thus immediate needs will direct future standardisation. Secondly, justified or not, there are significant concerns regarding intellectual propriety and other perceived privileges associated with unpublished genetic data that are shared among laboratories. This article describes challenges to genetic standardisation relative to new research goals, along with specific suggestions for meeting those challenges. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Moran, P (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM paul.moran@noaa.gov RI Kalinowski, Steven/A-7607-2008 NR 52 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0906-6691 J9 ECOL FRESHW FISH JI Ecol. Freshw. Fish PD DEC PY 2006 VL 15 IS 4 BP 597 EP 605 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0633.2006.00201.x PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 116LK UT WOS:000242804200028 ER PT J AU Schein, J Bushby, ST Castro, NS House, JM AF Schein, Jeffrey Bushby, Steven T. Castro, Natascha S. House, John M. TI A rule-based fault detection method for air handling units SO ENERGY AND BUILDINGS LA English DT Article DE fault detection; diagnostics; building automation; direct digital control; energy management system ID SYSTEM AB Air handling unit performance assessment rules (APAR) is a fault detection tool that uses a set of expert rules derived from mass and energy balances to detect faults in air handling units (AHUs). Control signals are used to determine the mode of operation of the AHU. A subset of the expert rules which correspond to that mode of operation are then evaluated to determine whether a fault exists. APAR is computationally simple enough that it can be embedded in commercial building automation and control systems and relies only upon the sensor data and control signals that are commonly available in these systems. APAR was tested using data sets collected from a "hardware-in-the-loop" emulator and from several field sites. APAR was also embedded in commercial AHU controllers and tested in the emulator. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Iowa Energy Ctr, Ankeny, IA 50021 USA. RP Schein, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr MS 8631, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.schein@nist.gov NR 11 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0378-7788 J9 ENERG BUILDINGS JI Energy Build. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 38 IS 12 BP 1485 EP 1492 DI 10.1016/j.enbuild.2006.04.014 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 094OP UT WOS:000241249100014 ER PT J AU Squires, D Kim, T Jeon, Y Clarke, R AF Squires, Dale Kim, Taekwon Jeon, Yongil Clarke, Raymond TI Price linkages in Pacific tuna markets: Implications for the South Pacific Tuna Treaty and the Western and Central Pacific Region SO ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS LA English DT Article ID TIME-SERIES; UNIT-ROOT; INTEGRATION; INDUSTRY; FISHERY; POLICY; US AB A revenue-sharing arrangement is under consideration between the USA and Western and Central Pacific Island Parties. When the ex-vessel price for cannery-grade skipjack tuna is above a minimum price, Pacific Island Parties would share in the increased revenue. This arrangement would provide economic incentives to these island nations to control fishing capacity and thereby increase revenues and economic rents. This potential arrangement raises the issue of which market and species prices to use as a benchmark, Bangkok or Pago-Pago; American Samoa and skipjack or yellowfin tuna. This paper, through a time series analysis of spatial price linkages, finds price leadership for skipjack in Bangkok. Macroeconomic and regional economic implications of enhanced price stability and higher revenues in the region are also discussed. C1 NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Reg Off, Honolulu, HI USA. Yonsei Univ, Grad Sch Int Studies, Seoul 120749, South Korea. RP Squires, D (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM dsquires@ucsd.edu NR 47 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 1355-770X J9 ENVIRON DEV ECON JI Environ. Dev. Econ. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 11 BP 747 EP 767 DI 10.1017/S1355770X06003251 PN 6 PG 21 WC Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 118RZ UT WOS:000242960700005 ER PT J AU Ver Hoef, JM Peterson, E Theobald, D AF Ver Hoef, Jay M. Peterson, Erin Theobald, David TI Spatial statistical models that use flow and stream distance SO ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOLOGICAL STATISTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Graybill Conference 2004 CY JUN, 2004 CL Ft Collins, CO DE stream networks; valid autocovariances; geostatistics; variogram; block kriging ID TEMPERATURES; ESTUARIES AB We develop spatial statistical models for stream networks that can estimate relationships between a response variable and other covariates, make predictions at unsampled locations, and predict an average or total for a stream or a stream segment. There have been very few attempts to develop valid spatial covariance models that incorporate flow, stream distance, or both. The application of typical spatial autocovariance functions based on Euclidean distance, such as the spherical covariance model, are not valid when using stream distance. In this paper we develop a large class of valid models that incorporate flow and stream distance by using spatial moving averages. These methods integrate a moving average function, or kernel, against a white noise process. By running the moving average function upstream from a location, we develop models that use flow, and by construction they are valid models based on stream distance. We show that with proper weighting, many of the usual spatial models based on Euclidean distance have a counterpart for stream networks. Using sulfate concentrations from an example data set, the Maryland Biological Stream Survey (MBSS), we show that models using flow may be more appropriate than models that only use stream distance. For the MBSS data set, we use restricted maximum likelihood to fit a valid covariance matrix that uses flow and stream distance, and then we use this covariance matrix to estimate fixed effects and make kriging and block kriging predictions. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. Colorado State Univ, Nat Resources Ecol Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Ver Hoef, JM (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jay.verhoef@noaa.gov RI Peterson, Erin/D-2360-2009; OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 NR 21 TC 60 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1352-8505 J9 ENVIRON ECOL STAT JI Environ. Ecol. Stat. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 13 IS 4 BP 449 EP 464 DI 10.1007/s10651-006-0022-8 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 100RH UT WOS:000241685800007 ER PT J AU Goldman, KJ Branstetter, S Musick, JA AF Goldman, Kenneth J. Branstetter, Steven Musick, John A. TI A re-examination of the age and growth of sand tiger sharks, Carcharias taurus, in the western North Atlantic: the importance of ageing protocols and use of multiple back-calculation techniques SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE elasmobranch; life history; growth rate; back-calculation; reproduction ID PACIFIC; VALIDATION; RAFINESQUE; DEPOSITION; SYMMETRY; LENGTH; CURVE; TESTS; OCEAN AB Age and growth estimates for sand tiger sharks, Carcharias taurus, in the western North Atlantic were derived from 96 vertebral centra collected from sharks ranging from 94 to 277 cm total length (TL), and compared to previously published age and growth data. The oldest female and male sand tiger sharks aged in this study were 17 and 15 years of age, respectively. von Bertalanffy growth parameters derived from vertebral length-at-age data are L-infinity = 295.8 cm TL, k = 0.11 year(-1), and t(0) = -4.2 years for females, and L-infinity = 249.5 cm TL, k = 0.16 year(-1), and t(0) = -3.4 years for males. Sexual maturity is estimated to be 9-10 years for females and 6-7 years for males. Weight-to-length relationships determined for female and male sand tiger sharks in the western North Atlantic are; W = 1.3 x 10(-4) x L-2.4 (r(2) = 0.84, n = 55) and W = 9.0 x 10(-5) x L-2.5 (r(2) = 0.84, n = 47), respectively, and 7.9 x 10-(5-) x L-2.5 (r(2) = 0.84) for the sexes combined. Our results show sand tigers possess a slower rate of growth than previously thought. This information is crucial for accurately assessing this population's ability to recover, and further justifies the need for this species to be fully protected. C1 Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Homer, AK 99603 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, St Petersburg, FL 33712 USA. Coll William & Mary, Sch Marine Sci, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Goldman, KJ (reprint author), Alaska Dept Fish & Game, 3298 Douglas Pl, Homer, AK 99603 USA. EM ken_goldman@fishgame.state.ak.us NR 45 TC 39 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 241 EP 252 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9128-y PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 107BS UT WOS:000242146300003 ER PT J AU Carlson, JK Sulikowski, JR Baremore, IE AF Carlson, John K. Sulikowski, James R. Baremore, Ivy E. TI Do differences in life history exist for blacktip sharks, Carcharhinus limbatus, from the United States South Atlantic Bight and Eastern Gulf of Mexico? SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE growth; reproduction; age; stock ID WESTERN GULF; GROWTH-RATE; AGE; OCEAN; SELECTIVITY; BREVIPINNA; AUSTRALIA; DYNAMICS; SPINNER; TRAITS AB We examined life history traits (e.g., mean length-at-age, growth rate, age-at-maturity) for blacktip sharks collected from two separate geographical areas (eastern Gulf of Mexico and South Atlantic Bight) to address the potential for separate stocks in southeastern US waters. Samples were obtained from fishery-dependent and independent sources. Growth and logistic models were fitted to observed length-at-age and reproductive data, respectively. von Bertalanffy growth parameters derived for blacktip shark from the Gulf of Mexico show that they attain a statistically smaller theoretical maximum length (L-infinity = 141.6 cm vs. L-infinity = 158.5 cm for female and L-infinity = 126.0 cm FL and L-infinity = 147.4 cm FL for male) and have a faster growth rate (k = 0.24 yr(-1) vs. k = 0.16 yr(-1)s for female and k = 0.27 yr(-1) vs. k = 0.21 yr(-1) for male) than conspecifics in the South Atlantic Bight. Median length- and age-at-maturity were significantly different between sex and area. Length at which 50% of the population is mature was 117.3 cm FL for females and 103.4 cm FL for males in the Gulf of Mexico and 126.6 cm FL for females and 116.7 cm FL for males in the South Atlantic Bight. Median age-at-maturity was 5.7 yrs and 4.5 yrs for females and males in the Gulf of Mexico, respectively, while age-at-maturity was 6.7 yrs for females and 5.0 yrs for males for sharks from the South Atlantic Bight. Due to varying statistical results, temporal problems of sampling, and potential for gear bias, we could not definitively conclude that differences in life history characteristics exist. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. Univ Florida, Florida Museum Nat Hist, Florida Program Shark Res, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Carlson, JK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM john.carlson@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 279 EP 292 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9129-x PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 107BS UT WOS:000242146300007 ER PT J AU Siegfried, KI Sanso, B AF Siegfried, Kate I. Sanso, Bruno TI Two Bayesian methods for estimating parameters of the von Bertalanffy growth equation SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Markov Chain Monte Carlo; elasmobranch; stock assessment; asymptotic size AB The von Bertalanffy growth equation (VBGE) is commonly used in ecology and fisheries management to model individual growth of an organism. Generally, a nonlinear regression is used with length-at-age data to recover key life history parameters: L-infinity (asymptotic size), k (the growth coefficient), and t(0) (a time used to calculate size at age 0). However, age data are often unavailable for many species of interest, which makes the regression impossible. To confront this problem, we have developed a Bayesian model to find L-infinity using only length data. We use length-at-age data for female blue shark, Prionace glauca, to test our hypothesis. Preliminary comparisons of the model output and the results of a nonlinear regression using the VBGE show similar estimates of L-infinity. We also developed a full Bayesian model that fits the VBGE to the same data used in the classical regression and the length-based Bayesian model. Classical regression methods are highly sensitive to missing data points, and our analysis shows that fitting the VBGE in a Bayesian framework is more robust. We investigate the assumptions made with the traditional curve fitting methods, and argue that either the full Bayesian or the length-based Bayesian models are preferable to classical nonlinear regressions. These methods clarify and address assumptions made in classical regressions using von Bertalanffy growth and facilitate more detailed stock assessments of species for which data are sparse. C1 NOAA, Fisheries, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. Ctr Stock Assessment Res, CSTAR, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Appl Math & Stat, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Siegfried, KI (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM kate.siegfried@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9112-6 PG 8 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 107BS UT WOS:000242146300009 ER PT J AU Hale, LF Dudgeon, JV Mason, AZ Lowe, CG AF Hale, Loraine F. Dudgeon, John V. Mason, Andrew Z. Lowe, Christopher G. TI Elemental signatures in the vertebral cartilage of the round stingray, Urobatis halleri, from Seal Beach, California SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE round stingray; elemental composition; TOF-ICP-MS; laser ablation ID PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; LA-ICP-MS; AGE-DETERMINATION; FISH OTOLITHS; VALIDATION; RADIOCARBON; RESOLUTION; SEBASTES; OUTFALL AB Although numerous studies have utilized elemental analysis techniques for age determination in bony fishes, little work has been conducted utilizing these procedures to verify age assessments or temporal periodicity of growth band formation in elasmobranchs. The goal of this study was to determine the potential of laser ablation inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to provide information on the seasonal deposition of elements in the vertebrae of the round stingray collected from Seal Beach, California. Spatially resolved time scans for elements across the round stingray vertebrae showed peaks in calcium intensity that aligned with and corresponded to the number of seasonal growth bands identified using standard light microscopy. Higher signals of calcium were associated with the wide opaque bands while lower signals of calcium corresponded to the narrow translucent bands. While a close alignment between the numbers of calcium peaks and annual growth bands was observed in round stingray samples aged 5 years or younger, this relationship was less well defined in vertebral samples from round stingrays over 11 years old. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to utilize ICP-MS to verify age assessments and seasonal band formation in an elasmobranch. The results from this preliminary study indicate that LA-ICP-MS elemental analysis of the vertebral cartilage of the round stingray may have potential to independently verify optically derived age assessments and seasonal banding patterns in elasmobranch vertebrae. C1 NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Sci Biol, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. Calif State Univ Long Beach, Inst Integrated Res Mat Environm & Soc, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Hale, LF (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM Loraine.Hale@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 317 EP 325 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9124-2 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 107BS UT WOS:000242146300011 ER PT J AU Ardizzone, D Cailliet, GM Natanson, LJ Andrews, AH Kerr, LA Brown, TA AF Ardizzone, Daniele Cailliet, Gregor M. Natanson, Lisa J. Andrews, Allen H. Kerr, Lisa A. Brown, Thomas A. TI Application of bomb radiocarbon chronologies to shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) age validation SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE shark vertebrae; lamnidae; band pairs; growth ID SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BIGHT; ANNUAL CORAL RINGS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; BANDED CORALS; GEORGES BANK; TIME HISTORY; PRE-BOMB; C-14; OTOLITHS; RECORD AB Age estimation is an issue for the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, because of disagreement on vertebral band-pair deposition periodicity. In the 1950s-1960s, thermonuclear testing released large amounts of radiocarbon into the atmosphere, which diffused into the ocean through gas exchange. This influx created a time-specific marker that can be used in age validation. Annual band-pair deposition in the porbeagle, Lamna nasus, was validated in a previous study and indicated preliminary annual deposition in the shortfin mako, using four samples from one vertebra. In the present study, age estimates from 54 shortfin mako vertebrae collected in 1950-1984 ranged 1-31 years. Ageing error between readers was consistent, with 76% of the estimates ranging within 2 years. Twenty-one Delta C-14 values from eight shortfin mako vertebrae (collected in the western North Atlantic in 1963-1984) ranged -154.8 parts per thousand to 86.8 parts per thousand. The resulting conformity with the Delta C-14 timeline for the porbeagle supported annual band-pair deposition in vertebrae of the shortfin mako. C1 Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. NOAA, Fisheries NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Naragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Ctr Accelerator Mass Spectrometry, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Ardizzone, D (reprint author), Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, 8272 Moss Landing Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. EM dardizzone@mlml.calstate.edu RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 NR 46 TC 38 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 355 EP 366 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9106-4 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 107BS UT WOS:000242146300014 ER PT J AU Natanson, LJ Kohler, NE Ardizzone, D Cailliet, GM Wintner, SP Mollet, HF AF Natanson, Lisa J. Kohler, Nancy E. Ardizzone, Daniele Cailliet, Gregor M. Wintner, Sabine P. Mollet, Henry F. TI Validated age and growth estimates for the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, in the North Atlantic Ocean SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE tag/recapture; length-frequency; mako shark; validation; bomb carbon; tetracycline ID REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; SCALLOPED HAMMERHEAD; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; SHARK; MEXICO; COAST; PARAMETERS; CALIFORNIA AB Age and growth estimates for the shortfin mako, Isurus oxyrinchus, derived from vertebral centra of 258 specimens (118 males, 140 females), ranging in size from 64 to 340 cm fork length (FL) were compared with data from 22 tag-recaptured individuals (74-193 cm FL) and length-frequency data from 1822 individuals (1035 males, 787 females; 65-215 cm FL). Annual band-pair deposition, confirmed by a concurrent bomb radiocarbon validation study, was used as the basis for band interpretation. Validation was further confirmed with a tetracycline-injected male shortfin mako recaptured after being at liberty off South Africa for 1 year and aged at 18 years. Growth rates from tag-recapture analysis (GROTAG) were higher than those derived from vertebral annuli and were only available from sharks up to 193 cm FL at recapture. Modal length-frequency data were used to verify the first four age classes. Growth curves were fit using both von Bertalanffy and Gompertz models. The 3-parameter version of the von Bertalanffy growth function produced the most biologically reasonable values for males, based on observed data (L-infinity = 253 cm FL, K = 0.125 year(-1) (estimated longevity = 21 year), and L-0 = 72 cm). The 3-parameter version of the Gompertz growth function produced the most biologically reasonable estimates, for females (L-infinity = 366 cm FL, K = 0.087 year(-1) (estimated longevity = 38 year) and L (0) = 88 cm. Males and females were aged to 29 (260 cm FL) and 32 years (335 cm FL), respectively. Both sexes grew similarly to age 11 (207 cm FL, 212 cm FL for males and females, respectively) when the curve leveled in males and continued to rise in females. Age at 50% maturity was estimated at 8 years for males (185 cm FL) and 18 years for females (275 cm FL). The species grows slower, matures later and has a longer life span than previously reported in North Atlantic waters. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, USDOC, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Natal Sharks Board, ZA-4320 Umhlanga Rocks, South Africa. RP Natanson, LJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, USDOC, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM Lisa.Natanson@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 55 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 EI 1573-5133 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2006 VL 77 IS 3-4 BP 367 EP 383 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9127-z PG 17 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 107BS UT WOS:000242146300015 ER PT J AU Paerl, HW Valdes, LM Joyner, AR Peierls, BL Piehler, MF Riggs, SR Christian, RR Eby, LA Crowder, LB Ramus, JS Clesceri, EJ Buzzelli, CP Luettich, RA AF Paerl, Hans W. Valdes, Lexia M. Joyner, Alan R. Peierls, Benjamin L. Piehler, Michael F. Riggs, Stanley R. Christian, Robert R. Eby, Lisa A. Crowder, Larry B. Ramus, Joseph S. Clesceri, Erika J. Buzzelli, Christopher P. Luettich, Richard A., Jr. TI Ecological response to hurricane events in the Pamlico Sound system, North Carolina, and implications for assessment and management in a regime of increased frequency SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article ID NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; PHYTOPLANKTON COMMUNITY-STRUCTURE; ORGANIC-MATTER; LAGOONAL ESTUARY; WATER-QUALITY; ECOSYSTEM RESPONSES; NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT; UNITED-STATES; IMPACTS; NITROGEN AB Since the mid 1990s, the Atlantic and Gulf Coast regions have experienced a dramatic increase in the number of hurricane landfalls. In eastern North Carolina alone, eight hurricanes have affected the coast in the past 9 years. These storms have exhibited individualistic hydrologic, nutrient, and sediment loading effects and represent a formidable challenge to nutrient management aimed at reducing eutrophication in the Pamlico Sound and its estuarine tributaries. Different rainfall amounts among hurricanes lead to variable freshwater and nutrient discharge and variable nutrient, organic matter, and sediment enrichment. These enrichments differentially affected physical and chemical properties (salinity, water residence time, transparency, stratification, dissolved oxygen), phytoplankton primary production, and phytoplankton community composition. Contrasting ecological responses were accompanied by changes in nutrient and oxygen cycling, habitat, and higher trophic levels, including different direct effects on fish populations. Floodwaters from the two largest hurricanes, Fran (1996) and Floyd (1999), exerted multi-month to multi-annual effects on hydrology, nutrient loads, productivity, and biotic composition. Relatively low rainfall coastal hurricanes like Isabel (2003) and Ophelia (2005) caused strong vertical mixing and storm surges, but relatively minor hydrologic and nutrient effects. Both hydrologic loading and wind forcing are important drivers and must be integrated with nutrient loading in assessing short-term and long-term ecological effects of these storms. These climatic forcings cannot be managed but should be considered in the development of water quality management strategies for these and other large estuarine ecosystems faced with increasing frequencies and intensities of hurricane activity. C1 Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Geol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Univ Montana, Dept Ecosyst & Conservat Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. Duke Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. US Agcy Int Dev, Washington, DC 20523 USA. NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Paerl, HW (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM hpaerl@email.unc.edu RI Piehler, Michael/C-3844-2011 NR 72 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 17 PU ESTUARINE RESEARCH FEDERATION PI PORT REPUBLIC PA 2018 DAFFODIL, PO BOX 510, PORT REPUBLIC, MD 20676 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUARIES COASTS JI Estuaries Coasts PD DEC PY 2006 VL 29 IS 6A BP 1033 EP 1045 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 133JS UT WOS:000244009800021 ER PT J AU Lanerolle, LWJ Tomlinson, MC Gross, TF Aikman, F Stumpf, RP Kirkpatrick, GJ Pederson, BA AF Lanerolle, Lyon W. J. Tomlinson, Michelle C. Gross, Thomas F. Aikman, Frank, III Stumpf, Richard P. Kirkpatrick, Gary J. Pederson, Brad A. TI Numerical investigation of the effects of upwelling on harmful algal blooms off the west Florida coast SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Karenia brevis; upwelling; numerical modeling; Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS); Lagrangian particle path tracking; passive tracer ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; MODEL; SYSTEM; SHELF; CIRCULATION; IMAGERY; SURFACE; WATER AB The initiation of the toxic harmful algal bloom (HAB), Karenia brevis, along the west Florida coast has been associated with upwelling events. Upwelling processes may be responsible for the transport of nutrients or algae from deep offshore locations across the Florida shelf to the coast. The influence of coastal wind-driven upwelling on the onset and occurrences of K. brevis in this region was numerically investigated using Rutgers University's Regional Ocean Modeling System. Computations were carried out in an idealized model domain, a two-dimensional slice in the cross-shore and vertical directions. The surface forcing data used was from several offshore meteorological buoys. The motion of the algae was simulated using Lagrangian particles and a passive tracer. The numerical simulations of three K. brevis events in 2000-2002 showed that the particles respond (with upwelling/downwelling) to the along-shore wind stresses as expected and some upwelling was present during the events. Comparison of the passive tracer fields with measured fluorescence data exposed the model's sensitivity to the particular surface forcing data employed and the relatively more significant role played by surface forcing over initial conditions. The present model set-up constitutes a useful predictive tool for conditions conducive to the onset of HABs. It is planned to be used in a real-time mode to aid the NOAA HAB monitoring and forecasting system. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Coastal Survey Dev Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Lanerolle, LWJ (reprint author), NOAA, Coastal Survey Dev Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, 1315 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM lyon.lanerolle@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 70 IS 4 BP 599 EP 612 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.06.015 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 117FI UT WOS:000242857800009 ER PT J AU Huang, G Hang, C Deng, L AF Huang, G. Hang, C. Deng, L. TI Propagation of shape-preserving optical pulses in inhomogeneously broadened multi-level systems SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL D LA English DT Article ID ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; SELF-INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; SLOW-LIGHT; 3-LEVEL MEDIUM; SOLITONS; AMPLIFICATION; QUANTUM; MEDIA; LASER; REFRACTION AB We study stable propagation of multiple shape-preserving optical pulses in an inhomogeneously broadened multi-level atomic medium. By analytically solving the Maxwell-Schrodinger equations governing the evolution of N coupled optical fields and atomic amplitudes we show that N pulsed optical waves coupling to (N + 1)-levels can be automatically matched with the same soliton waveform and identical yet very slow propagation velocity. Several sets of coupled soliton solutions for two different (N + 1)-level models are given and their stability is studied by using a numerical simulation. C1 E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, G (reprint author), E China Normal Univ, Dept Phys, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. EM gxhuang@phy.ecnu.edu.cn NR 53 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1434-6060 EI 1434-6079 J9 EUR PHYS J D JI Eur. Phys. J. D PD DEC PY 2006 VL 40 IS 3 BP 437 EP 444 DI 10.1140/epjd/e2006-00161-8 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 122XE UT WOS:000243260100018 ER PT J AU Field, JC Punt, AE Methot, RD Thomson, CJ AF Field, John C. Punt, Andre E. Methot, Richard D. Thomson, Cynthia J. TI Does MPA mean 'major problem for assessments'? Considering the consequences of place-based management systems SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE fisheries assessment; fisheries management; fish stock; marine protected area; spatial model ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA BIGHT; LINGCOD OPHIODON-ELONGATUS; DEEP-WATER ROCKFISHES; FISHERY-MANAGEMENT; STOCK ASSESSMENT; HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; SEBASTES-FLAVIDUS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA AB Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been increasingly proposed, evaluated and implemented as management tools for achieving both fisheries and conservation objectives in aquatic ecosystems. However, there is a challenge associated with the application of MPAs in marine resource management with respect to the consequences to traditional systems of monitoring and managing fisheries resources. The place-based paradigm of MPAs can complicate the population-based paradigm of most fisheries stock assessments. In this review, we identify the potential complications that could result from both existing and future MPAs to the science and management systems currently in place for meeting conventional fisheries management objectives. The intent is not to evaluate the effects of implementing MPAs on fisheries yields, or even to consider the extent to which MPAs may achieve conservation oriented objectives, but rather to evaluate the consequences of MPA implementation on the ability to monitor and assess fishery resources consistent with existing methods and legislative mandates. Although examples are drawn primarily from groundfish fisheries on the West Coast of the USA, the lessons are broadly applicable to management systems worldwide, particularly those in which there exists the institutional infrastructure for managing resources based on quantitative assessments of resource status and productivity. C1 NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Off Sci & Technol, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Field, JC (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Ecol Div, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95062 USA. EM john.field@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 NR 119 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1467-2960 EI 1467-2979 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 7 IS 4 BP 284 EP 302 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2006.00226.x PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 101IW UT WOS:000241735500003 ER PT J AU Brill, RW Bushnell, PG AF Brill, R. W. Bushnell, P. G. TI Effects of open- and closed-system temperature changes on blood O-2-binding characteristics of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE cardiorespiratory; fish; hemoglobin; hypoxia; pelagic; metabolic rate; oxygen affinity; Scrombridae ID ENERGY-DEMAND TELEOST; YELLOWFIN TUNA; SKIPJACK TUNA; KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS; OXYGEN EQUILIBRIUM; AMBIENT OXYGEN; RAINBOW-TROUT; CARDIOVASCULAR-RESPONSES; ULTRASONIC TELEMETRY; DISSOCIATION CURVES AB We investigated the effects of open- and closed-system temperature changes on the O-2 affinity of Atlantic bluefin tuna (Thunnus thynnus) blood using in vitro methods essentially identical to those previously employed on tropical tuna species. Bluefin tuna blood has a general O-2 affinity (P (50) = 2.6-3.1 kPa or 19-23 mm Hg at 0.5% CO2) similar to that of skipjack tuna, yellowfin tuna, and kawakawa blood (P-50 = 2.8-3.1 kPa at 0.5% CO2) but significantly above that of bigeye tuna blood (P-50 = 1.6-2.0 kPa at 0.5% CO2). We therefore hypothesize that bluefin tuna are less tolerant of hypoxia than bigeye tuna. Further, we found the P-50 of bluefin tuna blood to be slightly reduced by a 10 degrees C open-system temperature increase (e.g., from 4.83 kPa at 15 degrees C to 3.95 kPa at 25 degrees C) and to be completely unaffected by a 10 degrees C closed-system temperature change. Bluefin tuna blood, therefore, had a significantly reduced Bohr effect when subjected to the inevitable changes in PCO2 and plasma pH that accompany closed-system temperature shifts (0.04-0.09 Delta log P-50 Delta pH(-1)) compared with the effects of changes in plasma pH accomplished by changing PCO2 alone (0.81-0.94 Delta P-50 Delta pH(-1)supercript stop). This response is similar to that of skipjack tuna blood, but different from yellowfin or bigeye tuna blood. During closed-system temperature changes at oxygen levels above P-50, however, bluefin tuna blood showed a reversed temperature effect (i.e., PO2 decreased in response to an increase in temperature). Unlike in other tuna species, temperature effects on O-2 affinity of bluefin tuna whole blood were similar to those previously reported for hemoglobin solutions, suggesting that red cell-mediated ligand changes are not involved. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, South Bend, IN 46634 USA. RP Brill, RW (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM rbrill@vims.edu; pbushnel@iusb.edu NR 72 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 32 IS 4 BP 283 EP 294 DI 10.1007/s10695-006-9104-7 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 105UV UT WOS:000242058700002 ER PT J AU Brown, SK Shivlani, M Die, D Sampson, DB Ting, TA AF Brown, Stephen K. Shivlani, Manoj Die, David Sampson, David B. Ting, Tina A. TI The center for independent experts: The National External Peer Review Program of NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB Requirements are growing for peer review of the science used for governmental management decisions. This is particularly true for fisheries science, where management decisions are often controversial. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service instituted the Center for Independent Experts (CIE) in 1998 as a national peer-review program. Operations of the CIE, run under a contract with the University of Miami, maintain the independence of reviewers from the agency, and follow strict conflict of interest guidelines. Reviews by the CIE fulfill the requirements of the Information Quality Act and the Office of Management and Budget's Peer Review Bulletin. The CIE completed 101 reviews between 1999 and September 2006. Ninety-eight reviewers have participated in CIE reviews, with 72% of them coming from overseas. Case studies involving groundfish data and stock assessments, and marine-mammal abundance, are described, including the scientific issues, CIE operations, requirements for the reviews, conclusions of the reviewers, and the agency's responses. Impacts of the CIE on the agency's science include improvements to regional stock assessment processes and to stock-assessment and field-survey methods, and reductions in contentious challenges to the agency's science. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Assessment & Monitoring Div, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. Univ Miami, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR USA. Univ Miami, Div Marine Affairs & Policy, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Brown, SK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Assessment & Monitoring Div, Off Sci & Technol, Silver Spring, MD USA. EM Stephen.K.Brown@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 12 BP 590 EP 600 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2006)31[590:TCFIE]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 123MD UT WOS:000243299100009 ER PT J AU Stickney, RR Costa-Pierce, B Baltz, DM Drawbridge, M Grimes, C Phillips, S Swann, DL AF Stickney, Robert R. Costa-Pierce, Barry Baltz, Donald M. Drawbridge, Mark Grimes, Churchill Phillips, Stephen Swann, D. LaDon TI Toward sustainable open ocean aquaculture in the United States SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article AB In response to a request by American Fisheries Society President Christopher Kohler, we examined the current status of open ocean aquaculture in the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the United States, interest in open ocean aquaculture activities, the regulatory environment, and the potential for sustainable development. There is currently little interest in establishing facilities within the EEZ by the commercial sector, largely because of the lack of a formal regulatory structure, though that may be changing as Congress develops legislation on aquaculture in the EEZ. Current U.S. open ocean research and commercial activities are in state or territorial waters. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration is poised to take the primary regulatory lead in the EEZ, with other federal agencies, such as the Minerals Management Service, Army Corps of Engineers, and Environmental Protection Agency participating. Under proposed legislation, coastal states would have the opportunity to comment on facilities in the EEZ adjacent to their jurisdictions. A variety of concerns pertaining to open ocean aquaculture development have been put forward that relate to environmental sustainability. We conclude that in the absence of large-scale facilities in the EEZ and associated research in conjunction with such facilities, the potential risks of open ocean aquaculture cannot be adequately evaluated. Data obtained from open ocean sites in other countries may or may not be applicable in this country's EEZ, but international cooperation in sharing environmental information from open ocean aquaculture operations can help researchers and regulators develop environmental safeguards and have them in place, if and when open ocean aquaculture becomes a commercial reality in the United States. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Texas Sea Grant Coll Program, College Stn, TX USA. Univ Rhode Isl, Narragansett, RI USA. Louisiana State Univ, Coastal Fisheries Inst, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Hubbs Sea World Res Inst, San Diego, CA USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Pacific States Marine Fisheries Comm, Portland, OR USA. Mississippi Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, Ocean Springs, MS USA. RP Stickney, RR (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Texas Sea Grant Coll Program, College Stn, TX USA. EM Stickney@tamu.edu RI Baltz, Donald/A-9374-2009 NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 2006 VL 31 IS 12 BP 607 EP 610 PG 4 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 123MD UT WOS:000243299100011 ER PT J AU Davis, MW Ottmar, ML AF Davis, M. W. Ottmar, M. L. TI Wounding and reflex impairment may be predictors for mortality in discarded or escaped fish SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bycatch; delayed mortality; fish condition; fluorescein; survival; wounding ID BEHAVIORAL IMPAIRMENT; WALLEYE POLLOCK; TRAWL CODENDS; SABLEFISH; SURVIVAL; BYCATCH; AIR; EXPOSURE; DURATION; HALIBUT AB The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that wounding and reflex impairment, measures of fish condition, could be used to predict mortality in flatfish and roundfish that had been towed in a net in the laboratory. The extent of fish wounding resulting from net abrasion was measured with computer analysis of green fluorescence that occurred when fluorescein was retained in wounds and illuminated with ultraviolet light. Reflex impairment was measured in free swimming fish 5 min after towing by observing orientation, and startle responses to visual and mechanical stimuli. Wounding was related to mortality in walleye pollock, a species that was sensitive to net abrasion, but not in other less sensitive species. Wounding may not predict mortality associated with environmental factors and combinations of stressors in fishing, as the effects of these factors can change without corresponding changes in the extent of wounding. Reflex impairment in walleye pollock, sablefish, northern rock sole, and Pacific halibut was significantly related to mortality in biphasic relationships described by sigmoid curves (y = a/(1 + e(-(x-x0/b)))). Measurement of reflex impairment may be a powerful tool for expanding the scope and replication of fishing experiments in the field and for comparing bycatch mortality among various fishing practices and fisheries. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Davis, MW (reprint author), NOAA, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM michael.w.davis@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 63 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 82 IS 1-3 BP 1 EP 6 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.09.004 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 111ZI UT WOS:000242494300001 ER PT J AU Kope, R AF Kope, Robert TI Cumulative effects of multiple sources of bias in estimating spawner-recruit parameters with application to harvested stocks of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE spawner-recruit; bias; salmon; Chinook ID AGE-STRUCTURED POPULATIONS; TIME-SERIES BIAS; MEASUREMENT ERRORS; VARIABILITY; PRODUCTIVITY; CLIMATE; FISH AB Previous studies of bias in estimating spawner-recruit relationships have usually focused on a single source of bias, and have typically found bias that tends to overestimate productivity and underestimate optimal population size. However, many of these studies have used simulated data contrived to maximize the bias. This study examined the cumulative effects of multiple sources of bias using simulations with life history parameters based on Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) stocks used as escapement indicator stocks for management of ocean salmon fisheries. Sources of bias incorporated in the simulations include time series bias, observational errors, and errors in estimating age composition. Cumulative biases in parameter estimates were found to be relatively small in most cases, and the resulting management reference points tended to err in the direction of conservation rather than in the direction of overexploitation. However, the same methods applied to depleted stocks would result in substantial bias that would tend to contribute to overexploitation. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Kope, R (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robert.kope@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 82 IS 1-3 BP 101 EP 110 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.08.016 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 111ZI UT WOS:000242494300013 ER PT J AU Rakocinski, CF Peterson, MS Comyns, BH Zapfe, GA Fulling, GL AF Rakocinski, Chet F. Peterson, Mark S. Comyns, Bruce H. Zapfe, Glenn A. Fulling, Gregory L. TI Do abiotic factors drive the early growth of juvenile spot (Leiostomus xanthurus)? SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE growth experiments; Sciaenidae; early growth; recruitment; estuaries ID ESTUARINE NURSERY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; SPATIALLY EXPLICIT; WINTER FLOUNDER; FISHES; MARSH; RECRUITMENT; SALINITY; SURVIVAL; HABITAT AB Large-scale environmental variation may drive the recruitment dynamics of estuarine-dependent fishes. High physiological tolerance allows estuarine-dependent species to take advantage of productive habitats; but abiotic variability can have a strong bearing on early growth and recruitment dynamics. Using spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) as a model estuarine-dependent species, we employed a multifaceted approach to examine abiotic influence on early growth by integrating data from a controlled growth experiment, continuous records of field conditions, and otolith growth records from the field. We asked whether fluctuation in early growth was controlled by the two primary abiotic variables, water temperature and salinity. Fluctuation in field growth was compared with expected fluctuation derived from laboratory growth parameters and abiotic variation experienced by juvenile spot in the field. Fluctuation in expected daily growth cross-correlated significantly with actual growth inferred from otolith microstructure over a 76 day field-growth period (r = 0.363; P < 0.001); however, the relationship was not strong enough to predict growth fluctuation. Moreover, high individual variability in inferred growth points to the importance of other abiotic and biotic variables. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. NOAA, NMFS, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. Geo Marine Inc, Plano, TX 75074 USA. RP Rakocinski, CF (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, 703 E Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM chet.rakocinski@usm.edu NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 82 IS 1-3 BP 186 EP 193 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2006.06.006 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 111ZI UT WOS:000242494300021 ER PT J AU Dixon, LA Dobbins, AE Pulker, HK Butler, JM Vallone, PM Coble, MD Parson, W Berger, B Grubwieser, P Mogensen, HS Morling, N Nielsen, K Sanchez, JJ Petkovski, E Carracedo, A Sanchez-Diz, P Ramos-Luis, E Brion, M Irwin, JA Just, RS Loreille, O Parsons, TJ Syndercombe-Court, D Schmitter, H Stradmann-Bellinghausen, B Bender, K Gill, P AF Dixon, L. A. Dobbins, A. E. Pulker, H. K. Butler, J. M. Vallone, P. M. Coble, M. D. Parson, W. Berger, B. Grubwieser, P. Mogensen, H. S. Morling, N. Nielsen, K. Sanchez, J. J. Petkovski, E. Carracedo, A. Sanchez-Diz, P. Ramos-Luis, E. Brion, M. Irwin, J. A. Just, R. S. Loreille, O. Parsons, T. J. Syndercombe-Court, D. Schmitter, H. Stradmann-Bellinghausen, B. Bender, K. Gill, P. TI Analysis of artificially degraded DNA using STRs and SNPs - results of a collaborative European (EDNAP) exercise SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE degraded DNA; short tandem repeats; single nucleotide polymorphisms; mini-STRs ID SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; TANDEM REPEAT LOCI; FORENSIC CASEWORK; MULTIPLEX SYSTEM; VALIDATION; PCR; UTILITY; SAMPLES; IDENTIFICATION; AMPLIFICATION AB Recently, there has been much debate about what kinds of genetic markers should be implemented as new core loci that constitute national DNA databases. The choices lie between conventional STRs, ranging in size from 100 to 450 bp; mini-STRs, with amplicon sizes less than 200 bp; and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). There is general agreement by the European DNA Profiling Group (EDNAP) and the European Network of Forensic Science Institutes (ENFSI) that the reason to implement new markers is to increase the chance of amplifying highly degraded DNA rather than to increase the discriminating power of the current techniques. A collaborative study between nine European and US laboratories was organised under the auspices of EDNAP. Each laboratory was supplied with a SNP multiplex kit (Foren-SNPs) provided by the Forensic Science Service((R)), two mini-STR kits provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and a set of degraded DNA stains (blood and saliva). Laboratories tested all three multiplex kits, along with their own existing DNA profiling technique, on the same sets of degraded samples. Results were collated and analysed and, in general, mini-STR systems were shown to be the most effective. C1 Forens Sci Serv Inc, Res & Dev, Birmingham B37 7YN, W Midlands, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Innsbruck Med Univ, Inst Legal Med, Innsbruck, Austria. Univ Copenhagen, Inst Forens Med, Dept Forens Genet, Copenhagen, Denmark. Inst Med Legale, F-67085 Strasbourg, France. Univ Santiago de Compostela, Inst Legal Med, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. Armed Forces DNA Identifiact Lab, Rockville, MD USA. Barts & London Queen Marys Sch Med & Dent, Dept Haematol, London, England. Bundeskriminalamt, Wiesbaden, Germany. Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Legal Med, D-6500 Mainz, Germany. RP Dixon, LA (reprint author), Forens Sci Serv Inc, Res & Dev, 2960 Trident Court,Business Pk,Solihull Pkwy, Birmingham B37 7YN, W Midlands, England. EM lindsey.dixon@fss.pnn.police.uk; dnapgill@compuserve.com RI Gill, Peter/C-3056-2009; Welch, Lindsey/C-3981-2009; Coble, Michael/E-7540-2010; Butler, John/C-7812-2011; OI Ramos Luis, Eva/0000-0002-2212-7403; Brion, Maria/0000-0001-7463-2148 NR 43 TC 73 Z9 76 U1 4 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0379-0738 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT JI Forensic Sci.Int. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 164 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.11.011 PG 12 WC Medicine, Legal SC Legal Medicine GA 114LC UT WOS:000242666700004 PM 16343834 ER PT J AU Chadwick, WW Geist, DJ Jonsson, S Poland, M Johnson, DJ Meertens, CM AF Chadwick, William W., Jr. Geist, Dennis J. Jonsson, Sigurjon Poland, Michael Johnson, Daniel J. Meertens, Charles M. TI A volcano bursting at the seams: Inflation, faulting, and eruption at Sierra Negra volcano, Galapagos SO GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE inflation; intrusion; geodesy; global positioning system; inferometric synthetic aperture radar ID DEFORMATION; SEISMOLOGY; GEODESY AB The results of geodetic monitoring since 2002 at Sierra Negra volcano in the Galapagos Islands show that the filling and pressurization of an similar to 2-km-deep sill eventually led to an eruption that began on 22: October 2005. Continuous global positioning system (CGPS) monitoring measured > 2 m of accelerating inflation leading up to the eruption and contributed to nearly 5 m of total uplift since 1992, the largest precursory inflation ever recorded at a basaltic caldera. This extraordinary uplift was accommodated in part by repeated trapdoor faulting, and coseismic CGPS data provide strong constraints for improved deformation models. These results highlight the feedbacks between inflation, faulting, and eruption at a basaltic volcano, and demonstrate that faulting above an intruding magma body can relieve accumulated strain and effectively postpone eruption. C1 Oregon State Univ, NOAA, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Univ Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Geophys, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Puget Sound, Dept Geol, Tacoma, WA 98416 USA. UNAVCO, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. RP Chadwick, WW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, NOAA, 2115 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RI Jonsson, Sigurjon/G-4353-2015; OI Jonsson, Sigurjon/0000-0001-5378-7079; Meertens, Charles/0000-0003-1811-0307; Poland, Michael/0000-0001-5240-6123 NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 10 PU GEOLOGICAL SOC AMERICA, INC PI BOULDER PA PO BOX 9140, BOULDER, CO 80301-9140 USA SN 0091-7613 J9 GEOLOGY JI Geology PD DEC PY 2006 VL 34 IS 12 BP 1025 EP 1028 DI 10.1130/G22826A.1 PG 4 WC Geology SC Geology GA 113WZ UT WOS:000242630000009 ER PT J AU Persson, A Smith, BC Wikfors, GH Quilliam, M AF Persson, Agneta Smith, Barry C. Wikfors, Gary H. Quilliam, Michael TI Grazing on toxic Alexandrium fundyense resting cysts and vegetative cells by the eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium fundyense; Crassostrea virginica; cyst; dinoflagellate; grazing; oyster; PSP; toxic ID DINOFLAGELLATE GONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS AB In laboratory experiments, oysters (Crassostrea virginica) were fed Alexandrium fundyense (strain C13501) vegetative cells or resting cysts (from strains CB501 and GMT25) produced from laboratory cultures. The toxicity per cyst was 1.7 pg STXequiv/cyst and for vegetative cells 3.9 pg STXequiv/cell. The toxic, resting cysts and vegetative cells were removed from suspension in the experimental containers within about 4 It. Oysters fed toxic vegetative cells digested 72% of cells ingested, and 28% survived gut passage by forming temporary cysts. Toxin levels of oysters fed vegetative cells averaged 27 mu g STXequiv/100 g meat. Resting cysts added to the experimental containers adhered to the walls so that only 40% of the cysts added were available to the oysters during the experiment. Of the cysts that were ingested, approximately 59% were digested, and oysters accumulated toxins (an average of 1.2 mu g STXequiv/100 g meat), showing that consumption of resting cysts can cause toxicity in oysters. Direct consumption of resting cysts, thus, may explain shellfish toxicity in areas without known blooms, but with toxic resting cysts in the sediment. These results suggest a possible role of toxic cysts in mediating time-lags between surface blooms and appearance of toxicity in benthic grazers, and the possible role of benthic grazers in controlling seed populations, except in anoxic areas, which can serve as cyst "refuges" from grazing mortality. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Marine Biosci, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada. RP Smith, BC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM agnetapersson77@telia.com; barry.smith@noaa.gov; gary.wikfors@noaa.gov; Michael.Quilliam@nrc-cnrc.gc.ca OI Persson, Agneta/0000-0003-0202-6514 NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD DEC PY 2006 VL 5 IS 6 BP 678 EP 684 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2006.02.004 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 109IM UT WOS:000242301400006 ER PT J AU Stokes, L Wyneken, J Crowder, LB Marsh, J AF Stokes, Lesley Wyneken, Jeanette Crowder, Larry B. Marsh, Jesse TI THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPORAL AND SPATIAL ORIGIN ON SIZE AND EARLY GROWTH RATES IN CAPTIVE LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLES (CARETTA CARETTA) IN THE UNITED STATES SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Caretta caretta; growth; latitude; Loggerhead; sea turtle AB This study provides morphometric characteristics of early pelagic stage post-hatchling loggerheads in the northwestern Atlantic. We investigated whether differences in temporal and spatial nest origin influence initial size and growth potential in Loggerhead Sea Turtle (Caretta caretta) hatchlings from two genetically distinct subpopulations. We sampled hatchlings from eight sites in the southeastern United States from North Carolina to Florida, representing two genetically distinct subpopulations during three phases ("Early," "Middle" and "Late") of the 2002-nesting season. The largest hatchlings were produced at the northern-most nesting site. Initial hatchling size tended to decrease as latitude decreased along the eastern coast of the United States. Hatchlings from the Early phase of the nesting season grew faster than later phase hatchlings, reducing the time interval at the smallest sizes. The initial size differences and growth potential may affect early stage survivorship by altering the risk of size-based predation and decreasing the transit time to the relative safety of Gulf Stream nursery habitats. C1 [Stokes, Lesley; Wyneken, Jeanette] Florida Atlantic Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Boca Raton, FL 33431 USA. [Crowder, Larry B.; Marsh, Jesse] Duke Univ, Ctr Marine Conservat, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Stokes, L (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Lesley.stokes@noaa.gov; jwyneken@fau.edu; lcrowder@duke.edu; jmarsh@mbayaq.org FU Environmental Protection Agency STAR [R82-9094]; National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center FX Animals were cared for in strict accordance with the guidelines set forth by Florida Atlantic University's Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee under authorization # A0026, and by Duke University IACUC # A147-02-05. Work was conducted under Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Sea Turtle Permit # 073, North Carolina Endangered Species Permit 02ST75, USFWS permit TE05217-2 to Jeanette Wyneken, South Carolina Sea Turtle Permit 2002 and Georgia Sea Turtle Permit 2002 to Larry Crowder. The study was funded by an Environmental Protection Agency STAR Grant R82-9094, the National Marine Fisheries Service Southeast Fisheries Science Center to Jeanette Wyneken and Larry Crowder, and by personal funds. NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 2151-0733 EI 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 1 IS 2 BP 71 EP 79 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V20LK UT WOS:000208141300002 ER PT J AU Seminoff, JA Jones, TT AF Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Jones, T. Todd TI DIEL MOVEMENTS AND ACTIVITY RANGES OF GREEN TURTLES (CHELONIA MYDAS) AT A TEMPERATE FORAGING AREA IN THE GULF OF CALIFORNIA, MEXICO SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; Cheloniidae; Green Turtle; Sea of Cortez; Reptilia; Testudines; wildlife telemetry; vagility AB We examined the daily movements and activity ranges of Green Turtles at Bahia de los Angeles, a neritic foraging area in the Gulf of California, Mexico. Six turtles, ranging from 50.9 to 82.5 cm in straight carapace length were tracked with radio and acoustic telemetry for 24-h periods. Diel vagility ranged from 4.26 km to 15.34 km (mean = 8.21 +/- 1.61 km), with minimum travel speeds of 0.18-0.64 km h(-1). Short-term (24-h) activity ranges were from 70 ha to 1,252 ha (mean = 458 +/- 202 ha). As the first study to establish diel vagility of green sea turtles in foraging areas of the Eastern Pacific Ocean, our data show that Green Turtles may traverse large distances over limited temporal durations while resident at coastal foraging areas and may visit multiple habitats. Conservation efforts aimed to reduce the illegal hunting and incidental fisheries bycatch of Green Turtles assembled at this coastal foraging area must therefore encompass the entire coastal ecosystem rather than simply target a few component habitats within the area. C1 [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Jones, T. Todd] Univ British Columbia, Dept Zool, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Seminoff, JA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM Jeffrey.Seminoff@noaa.gov FU Earthwatch Institute; Wallace Research Foundation; Secretaria del Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales, y Pesca, Mexico [150496-213-03, 190698-213-03, 280499-213-03, 280597-213-03] FX Financial and logistical support was provided by Earthwatch Institute and the Wallace Research Foundation. We are indebted to the following individuals for their generous assistance: Lulu Bartley, Steven Collins, Lori Cragin, Scott Eckert, Jennifer Gilmore, Gregory Joder, Frank Paladino, Stephanie Presti, Antonio Resendiz, Betty Resendiz, Mauro Rosini, Travis Smith, Lucy Yarnell, and all the Earthwatch Team members. Research was authorized by Secretaria del Medio Ambiente, Recursos Naturales, y Pesca, Mexico (Permit Nos. 150496-213-03, 190698-213-03, 280499-213-03, and 280597-213-03). All animal handling was in full compliance with University of Arizona IACUC protocol. NR 40 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 12 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 1 IS 2 BP 81 EP 86 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V20LK UT WOS:000208141300003 ER PT J AU Meador, JP AF Meador, James P. TI Rationale and procedures for using the tissue-residue approach for toxicity assessment and determination of tissue, water, and sediment quality guidelines for aquatic organisms SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Review DE tissue residue toxicity; CBR; mixtures; guidelines ID DISSIMILARLY ACTING CHEMICALS; NORMAL-BUTYLTIN CHLORIDE; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS PCBS; ENERGY-TRANSDUCING MEMBRANES; ECOLOGICAL RISK-ASSESSMENT; GENERALIZED LINEAR-MODELS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; TIME-DEPENDENT TOXICITY; ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT AB This article describes a set of procedures for developing tissue, water, and sediment quality guidelines for the protection of aquatic life by using the tissue-residue approach (TRA) for toxicity assessment. The TRA, which includes aspects of the Critical Body Residue (CBR) approach, associates tissue concentrations of chemicals with adverse biological effects in a dose-response fashion that can be used to determine CBRs. These CBRs can then be used to develop tissue quality guidelines (TQGs), which may be translated into water or sediment guidelines with bioaccumulation factors. Not all toxicants are amenable to this type of analysis; however, some appear to exhibit relatively consistent results that can likely be applied in a regulatory framework. By examining tissue residues, variations in toxicokinetics (temporal aspects of accumulation, biotransformation, and internal distribution) are greatly reduced allowing a greater focus on toxicodynamics (action and potency) of the toxicants. The strongest feature of this approach is causality; hence, guidelines based on tissue concentrations are based on data demonstrating a causal relationship between the acquired dose and the biological effect. Because the TRA has utility for assessing the toxicity of contaminant mixtures, an approach is presented here using toxic unit values that can be used to assess the likelihood of observing toxic effects based on tissue residues. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Meador, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.meador@noaa.gov NR 176 TC 32 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 EI 1549-7860 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 12 IS 6 BP 1018 EP 1073 DI 10.1080/10807030600801535 PG 56 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 100DG UT WOS:000241647000002 ER PT J AU Peacor, SD AF Peacor, Scott D. TI Behavioural response of bullfrog tadpoles to chemical cues of predation risk are affected by cue age and water source SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE kairomone; chemical cue; nonlethal effect; trait-mediated; Rana catesbeiana; phenotypic plasticity ID MEDIATED INDIRECT INTERACTIONS; DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; KAIROMONES; AVOIDANCE; FISH; DEFENSES; DAPHNIA AB When confronted by signals of predators presence, many aquatic organisms modify their phenotype (e.g., behaviour or morphology) to reduce their risk of predation. A principal means by which organisms assess predation risk is through chemical cues produced by the predators and/or prey during predation events. Such responses to predation risk can directly affect prey fitness and indirectly affect the fitness of species with which the prey interacts. Accurate assessment of the cue will affect the adaptive nature, and hence evolution, of the phenotypic response. It is therefore, important to understand factors affecting the assessment of chemical cues. Here I examined the effect of the age of chemical cues arising from an invertebrate predator, a larval dragonfly (Anax junius), which was fed bullfrog tadpoles, on the behavioural response (activity level and position) of bullfrog tadpoles. The bullfrog response to chemical cues declined as a function of chemical cue age, indicating the degradation of the chemical cue was on the order of 2-4 days. Further, the decay occurred more rapidly when the chemical cue was placed in pond water rather than well water. These results indicate a limitation of the tadpoles to interpret factors that affect the magnitude of the chemical cue and hence accurately assess predation risk. These findings also have implications for experimental design and the adaptation of phenotypic responses to chemical cues of predation risk. C1 Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Peacor, SD (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM Peacor@msu.edu NR 24 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 3 U2 27 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD DEC PY 2006 VL 573 BP 39 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s10750-006-0256-3 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 102FK UT WOS:000241796200003 ER PT J AU Pascu, D Storrs, AD Wells, EN Hershey, JL Rohde, JR Seidelmann, PK Currie, DG AF Pascu, Dan Storrs, Alex D. Wells, Eddie N. Hershey, John L. Rohde, James R. Seidelmann, P. Kenneth Currie, Douglas G. TI HST BVI photometry of Triton and Proteus SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Triton; satellites; surfaces; Neptune; magnetosphere ID HUBBLE-SPACE-TELESCOPE; INNER SATELLITES; NEPTUNE; SHAPE AB BVI photometry of Triton and Proteus was derived from HST images taken in 1997. The VEGAMAG photometric technique was used. Triton was found to be brighter by a few percent than observations of the 1970's and 1980's, as expected due to the increasingly greater exposure of the bright south polar region. The leading side was also found to be brighter than the trailing side by 0.09 mag in all filters-50% larger than reported by Franz [Franz, O.G., 1981. Icarus 45, 602-606]. Contrary to our previous results [Pascu, D., et al., 1998. Bull. Am. Astron. Soc. 30, 1101], we found no episodic reddening. Our previous conclusions were based on an inaccurate early version of the Charge Transfer Efficiency (CTE) correction. The present result limits the start of the reddening event reported by Hicks and Buratti [Hicks, M.D., Buratti, B.J., 2004. Icarus 171, 210-218]. Our (B-V) result of 0.70 +/- 0.01 supports the global blueing described by Buratti et al. [Buratti, B.J., Goguen, J.D., Gibson, J., Mosher, J., 1994. Icarus 110, 303-314]. Our observations of July 1997 agree with the Voyager results and are among the bluest colors seen. We found Proteus somewhat brighter than earlier studies, but in good agreement with the recent value given by Karkoschka [Karkoschka, E., 2003. Icarus 162, 400-407]. A leading/trailing brightness asymmetry was detected for Proteus, with the leading side 0.1 mag brighter. The unique differences in action of the endogenic and exogenic processes on Triton and Proteus provides an opportunity to separate the endogenic and exogenic effects on Triton. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 USN Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. Towson State Univ, Baltimore, MD 21252 USA. Comp Sci Corp, Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Geodet Survey, N NGS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Virginia, Dept Astron, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Pascu, D (reprint author), USN Observ, 3450 Massachusetts Ave NW, Washington, DC 20392 USA. EM danpascu@starpower.net NR 29 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD DEC PY 2006 VL 185 IS 2 BP 487 EP 491 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2006.07.020 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 125MP UT WOS:000243446300014 ER PT J AU Baek, B Dresselhaus, PD Benz, SP AF Baek, Burm Dresselhaus, Paul D. Benz, Samuel P. TI Co-sputtered amorphous NbxSi1-x barriers for Josephson-junction circuits SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE amorphous alloy; Josephson arrays; metal-insulator transition; superconducting devices; thin-film devices ID PROGRAMMABLE VOLTAGE STANDARD AB Co-sputtered amorphous NbxSi1-x has been developed as a barrier material for Josephson-junction array circuits. This material is quite promising as a normal-metal barrier for state-of-the-art Josephson voltage standards. In addition, the capability of tuning the barrier resistivity over a wide range that includes the metal-insulator transition could lead to applications in high-speed superconductive electronics. The electrical characteristics and uniformity of amorphous NbxSi1-x-barrier junctions are similar to those of other normal-metal barriers, but the superior etching properties makes this barrier material especially promising for tall, stacked junctions that are required for high-junction-density applications. Under appropriate deposition conditions, the reproducibility of devices with co-sputtered amorphous NbxSi1-x, is sufficient to produce high-quality stacked-junction superconductive devices. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Baek, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM paul.dresselhaus@nist.gov NR 19 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 1966 EP 1970 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.881816 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 118NR UT WOS:000242949500003 ER PT J AU Hadacek, N Dresselhaus, PD Benz, SP AF Hadacek, Nicolas Dresselhaus, Paul D. Benz, Samuel P. TI Lumped 50-Omega arrays of SNS Josephson junctions SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Josephson junctions; lumped element microwave circuits; stacked junctions; voltage standard ID VOLTAGE STANDARDS; GENERATION; STEPS AB For the first time, lumped series arrays. of Josephson junctions have been fabricated with a transmission line-matched 50-Omega resistance. These arrays also have the thousands of junctions necessary to produce a metrologically significant voltage. This approach is expected to increase the output voltage per array and to optimize their performance for Josephson voltage standards. Traditional Josephson arrays for voltage standards have used distributed microwave structures, where array lengths are several multiples of the driving wavelength. The lumped arrays in this work have physical lengths shorter than a quarter of the microwave drive wavelength and total normal-state resistances nearly equal to the transmission line impedance. Fabrication of these arrays was made possible by use of a newly developed Nb-(MoSi2-Nb)(n) stacked junction technology. We present measurements of the microwave response of lumped arrays with total normal resistances up to 54 Omega and with various termination resistances. A simple numerical model is presented that accounts for the spatial distribution of the microwave current and for the nonuniformity of the junction critical currents. The resulting simulations agree well with experimental results. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hadacek, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hadacek@boulder.nist.gov NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1051-8223 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 16 IS 4 BP 2005 EP 2010 DI 10.1109/TASC.2006.883456 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 118NR UT WOS:000242949500008 ER PT J AU Hale, PD Wang, CM Williams, DF Remley, KA Wepman, JD AF Hale, Paul D. Wang, C. M. Williams, Dylan F. Remley, Kate A. Wepman, Joshua D. TI Compensation of random and systematic timing errors in sampling oscilloscopes SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE comb generator; jitter; sampling oscilloscope; timebase distortion (TBD); waveform metrology ID JITTER NOISE; DISTORTION; TIMEBASE; SIGNALS AB In this paper, a method of correcting both random and systematic timebase errors using measurements of only two quadrature sinusoids made simultaneously with a waveform, of interest is described. The authors estimate the fundamental limits to the procedure due to additive noise and sampler jitter and demonstrate the procedure with some actual measurements. C1 NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NIST, Stat Engn Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hale, PD (reprint author), NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hale@boulder.nist.gov RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 23 TC 44 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 55 IS 6 BP 2146 EP 2154 DI 10.1109/TIM.2006.880270 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 118NJ UT WOS:000242948700037 ER PT J AU Shirley, JH Levi, F Heavner, TP Calonico, D Yu, DH Jefferts, SR AF Shirley, Jon H. Levi, Filippo Heavner, Thomas P. Calonico, Davide yu, Dai-Hk Yu Jefferts, Steve R. TI Microwave leakage-induced frequency shifts in the primary frequency standards NIST-F1 and IEN-CSF1 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID ACCURACY EVALUATION; POWER DEPENDENCE AB In atomic fountain primary frequency standards, the atoms ideally are subjected to microwave fields resonant with the ground-state, hyperfine splitting only during the two pulses of Ramsey's separated oscillatory field measurement scheme. As a practical matter, however, stray microwave fields can be present that shift the frequency of the central Ramsey fringe and, therefore, adversely affect the accuracy of the standard. We investigate these uncontrolled stray fields here and show that the frequency errors can be measured, and indeed even the location within the standard determined by the behavior of the measured frequency with respect to microwave power in the Ramsey cavity. Experimental results that agree with the theory are presented as well. C1 NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Ist Elettrotecnico Nazl Galileo Ferraris, INRM, I-10135 Turin, Italy. Korea Res Inst Standards & Sci, Div Phys Metrol, Taejon 305340, South Korea. RP Shirley, JH (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jefferts@boulder.nist.gov RI CALONICO, Davide/J-9158-2016 OI CALONICO, Davide/0000-0002-0345-859X NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD DEC PY 2006 VL 53 IS 12 BP 2376 EP 2385 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2006.186 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 110PM UT WOS:000242390900020 PM 17186920 ER PT J AU Chapman, RW Robalino, J Trent, HF AF Chapman, Robert W. Robalino, Javier Trent, Harold F., III TI EcoGenomics: analysis of complex systems via fractal geometry SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Society-for-Integrative-and-Comparative-Biology CY JAN 04-08, 2006 CL Orlando, FL ID MICROARRAYS; DISCOVERY; NETWORKS AB Ecogenomics is a convenient descriptor for the application of advanced molecular technologies to studies of organismal responses to environmental challenges in their natural settings. The development of molecular tools to survey changes in the transcript profile of thousands of genes has presented scientists with enormous analytical challenges. In the main, these center about the reduction of massively paralleled data to statistics or indices comprehensible to the human mind. Historically, scientists have used linear statistics such as ANOVA to accomplish this task, but the sheer volume of information available from microarrays severely limits this approach. In addition, important information in microarrays may not reside solely in the up or down regulation of individual genes, but rather in their dynamic, and probably nonlinear, interactions. In this presentation, we will explore alternative approaches to extracting of these signals using artificial neural networks and fractal geometry. The goal is to produce predictive models of gene dynamics in individuals and populations under environmental stress and reduce the number of genes that must be surveyed in order to recover transcript profile patterns of environmental challenges. C1 S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Chapman, RW (reprint author), S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM chapmanr@mrd.dnr.state.sc.us NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 IS 6 BP 902 EP 911 DI 10.1093/icb/icj049 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 111HP UT WOS:000242442300019 PM 21672794 ER PT J AU Barraza, U Cueva, L Figueroa, A Fisler, S Hall, L Rangel, N Sillas, S Swimmer, Y Wang, J AF Barraza, U. Cueva, L. Figueroa, A. Fisler, S. Hall, L. Rangel, N. Sillas, S. Swimmer, Y. Wang, J. TI Developing strategies to reduce incidental capture of sea turtles SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 NOAA, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr,Hoover High Sch, Aquat Adventures Sci Educ Fdn, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM shafisler@aquaticadventures.org NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E168 EP E168 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100668 ER PT J AU Collins, AG Cartwright, P AF Collins, Allen G. Cartwright, Paulyn TI Rocks and clocks: Integrating fossils and molecules to date transitions in early animal evolution SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Kansas, NOAA, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM collinsa@si.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E26 EP E26 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100103 ER PT J AU Costa, DP Block, B Bograd, S Kochevar, R AF Costa, D. P. Block, B. Bograd, S. Kochevar, R. CA TOPP-SCI-TEAM TI Utilization of the north pacific by marine mammals and others top predators: Tagging of pacific pelagics: using electronic tags to discover hotspots in the pelagic realm SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Stanford Univ, ERD SWFCS NMFS, Monterey Bay Aquarium, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. EM costa@biology.ucsc.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E27 EP E27 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100107 ER PT J AU Debose, JL Nevitt, GA Dittman, AH AF Debose, J. L. Nevitt, G. A. Dittman, A. H. TI Evidence for DMSP as a chemosensory stimulant for pelagic jacks SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NOAA Fisheries, Natl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM jldebose@ucdavis.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E187 EP E187 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100743 ER PT J AU Lema, SC Dickey, JT Schultz, IR Swanson, P AF Lema, S. C. Dickey, J. T. Schultz, I. R. Swanson, P. TI Disruption of the fish thyroid axis by Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ Washington, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Battelle Marine Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM sean.lema@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E83 EP E83 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100330 ER PT J AU Pabst, DA McLellan, WA Rommel, SA Scott, M Irvine, AB Sweeney, JC Stone, R Friedlaender, AS Meagher, EM Hohn, AA Wells, RS AF Pabst, D. A. McLellan, W. A. Rommel, S. A. Scott, M. Irvine, A. B. Sweeney, J. C. Stone, R. Friedlaender, A. S. Meagher, E. M. Hohn, A. A. Wells, R. S. TI Ontogeny of reproductive thermoregulation in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Univ N Carolina, IATTC, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. DBRI, Sarasota, FL USA. Dolphin Quest, San Diego, CA USA. Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27706 USA. Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. NOAA, Beaufort, NC USA. Mote Mar Lab, Sarasota, FL USA. RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E235 EP E235 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100935 ER PT J AU Zardus, JD Balazs, GH AF Zardus, J. D. Balazs, G. H. TI Form follows function in mode of attachment for barnacles commensal with sea turtles SO INTEGRATIVE AND COMPARATIVE BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Citadel, Charleston, SC USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI USA. EM john.zardus@citadel.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1540-7063 J9 INTEGR COMP BIOL JI Integr. Comp. Biol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 46 SU 1 BP E161 EP E161 PG 1 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V43YJ UT WOS:000202970100642 ER PT J AU Scholtz, J Morse, E Steves, MP AF Scholtz, Jean Morse, Emile Steves, Michelle Potts TI Evaluation metrics and methodologies for user-centered evaluation of intelligent systems SO INTERACTING WITH COMPUTERS LA English DT Article DE evaluation; metrics; intelligent software systems; intelligence analysts AB In the past four years, we have worked with several research programs that were developing intelligent software for use by intelligence analysts. Our involvement in these programs was to develop the metrics and methodologies for assessing the impact on users; in this case, on intelligence analysts. In particular, we focused on metrics to evaluate how much the intelligent systems contribute to the users' tasks and what the cost is to the user in terms of workload and process deviations. In this paper, we describe the approach used. We started with two types of preliminary investigations - first, collecting and analyzing data from analysts working in an instrumented environment for a period of 2 years, and second, developing and conducting formative evaluations of research software. The long-term studies informed our ideas about the processes that analysts use and provided potential metrics in an environment without intelligent software tools. The formative evaluations helped us to define sets of application-specific metrics. Finally, we conducted assessments during and after technology insertions. We describe the metrics and methodologies used in each of these activities, along with the lessons learned. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scholtz, J (reprint author), 340 N Slope Way,POB 70, Rockaway Beach, OR 97136 USA. EM jean.scholtz@pnl.gov; emile.morse@nist.gov; msteves@nist.gov RI Scholtz, Jean/E-8955-2013 NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0953-5438 J9 INTERACT COMPUT JI Interact. Comput. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1186 EP 1214 DI 10.1016/j.intcom.2006.08.014 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Ergonomics SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 115XF UT WOS:000242766400003 ER PT J AU Guo, S Dillard, DA Plaut, RH AF Guo, Shu Dillard, David A. Plaut, Raymond H. TI Effect of boundary conditions and spacers on single-lap joints loaded in tension or compression SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ADHESION AND ADHESIVES LA English DT Article DE boundary conditions; lap-shear; joint design; tension; compression; single lap joint ID CLOSED-FORM SOLUTION; STRESSES; STRENGTH AB The mechanics of a single-lap joint with different boundary conditions subjected to tensile or compressive loading is investigated. The analysis includes spacers used to reduce alignment errors. The closed-form solutions confirm that for tensile loading, the different grip configurations mainly affect the response of the specimens if the grip position is close to the overlap edge or the loads are small. The influence of the spacers is more significant for specimens subjected to compressive loads. Generally, adding alignment spacers tends to reduce the deflection along the specimen, and decrease the bending moment at the overlap edge. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Dillard, DA (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM dillard@vt.edu RI Dillard, David/C-3185-2012 OI Dillard, David/0000-0002-2903-9318 NR 22 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-7496 J9 INT J ADHES ADHES JI Int. J. Adhes. Adhes. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 26 IS 8 BP 629 EP 638 DI 10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2005.09.005 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 088AD UT WOS:000240783000007 ER PT J AU Bhuiyan, C Singh, RP Kogan, FN AF Bhuiyan, C. Singh, R. P. Kogan, F. N. TI Monitoring drought dynamics in the Aravalli region (India) using different indices based on ground and remote sensing data SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATION AND GEOINFORMATION LA English DT Article DE drought; monsoon; GIS; SPI; SWI; AVHRR; GVI; NDVI; VCI; TCI; VHI ID STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION INDEX; VEGETATION INDEX; TEMPERATURE; STATE AB The hard-rock hilly Aravalli terrain of Rajasthan province of India suffers with frequent drought due to poor and delayed monsoon, abnormally high summer-temperature and insufficient water resources. In the present study, detailed analysis of meteorological and hydrological data of the Aravalli region has been carried out for the years 1984-2003. Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) has been used to quantify the precipitation deficit. Standardised Water-Level Index (SWI) has been developed to assess ground-water recharge-deficit. Vegetative drought indices like Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI) and Vegetation Health Index (VHI) have been computed using NDVI values obtained from Global Vegetation Index (GVI) and thermal channel data of NOAA AVHRR satellite. Detailed analyses of spatial and temporal drought dynamics during monsoon and non-monsoon seasons have been carried out through drought index maps generated in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) environment. Analysis and interpretation of these maps reveal that negative SPI anomalies not always correspond to drought. In the Aravalli region, aquifer-stress shifts its position time to time, and in certain pockets it is more frequent. In comparison to hydrological stress, vegetative stress in the Aravalli region is found to be slower to begin but quicker to withdraw. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. George Mason Univ, Ctr Earth Observing & Space Res, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Singh, RP (reprint author), Indian Inst Technol, Dept Civil Engn, Kanpur 208016, Uttar Pradesh, India. EM rpalka425@gmail.com RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Singh, Ramesh/G-7240-2012 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; NR 30 TC 85 Z9 98 U1 9 U2 47 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0303-2434 J9 INT J APPL EARTH OBS JI Int. J. Appl. Earth Obs. Geoinf. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 8 IS 4 BP 289 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.jag.2006.03.002 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 123JH UT WOS:000243291700007 ER PT J AU Trabold, TA Owejan, JP Jacobson, DL Arif, M Huffman, PR AF Trabold, T. A. Owejan, J. P. Jacobson, D. L. Arif, M. Huffman, P. R. TI In situ investigation of water transport in an operating PEM fuel cell using neutron radiography: Part 1 - Experimental method and serpentine flow field results SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE fuel cell; PEM; neutron radiography; water management; two-phase flow ID IMAGING TECHNIQUE AB Effective management of liquid water produced in the cathodic reaction of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cell is essential to achieve high cell efficiency. Few experimental methods are available for in situ measurements of water transport within an operating cell. Neutron radiography is a useful tool to visualize water within a cell constructed of many common materials, including metals. The application of neutron radiography to measurements of water content within the flow field channels of an operating 50 cm(2) PEM fuel cell is described. Details of the experimental apparatus, image processing procedure and quantitative analysis are provided. It is demonstrated that water tends to accumulate in the 180 degrees bends of the serpentine anode and cathode flow fields used in this study. Moreover, the effects of both the current density and cathode stoichiometric ratio on the quantity of accumulated water are discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Motors Fuel Cell Act, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. N Carolina State Univ, Dept Phys, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Owejan, JP (reprint author), Gen Motors Fuel Cell Act, 10 Carriage St, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 USA. EM jon.owejan@gm.com RI Trabold, Thomas/A-9808-2009; OI Huffman, Paul/0000-0002-2562-1378 NR 10 TC 131 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 25-26 BP 4712 EP 4720 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.07.003 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 110RX UT WOS:000242397800002 ER PT J AU Owejan, JP Trabold, TA Jacobson, DL Baker, DR Hussey, DS Arif, M AF Owejan, J. P. Trabold, T. A. Jacobson, D. L. Baker, D. R. Hussey, D. S. Arif, M. TI In situ investigation of water transport in an operating PEM fuel cell using neutron radiography: Part 2 - Transient water accumulation in an interdigitated cathode flow field SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE fuel cell; interdigitated; neutron radiography; visualization; water management ID IMAGING TECHNIQUE; PERFORMANCE AB An interdigitated cathode flow field has been tested in situ with neutron radiography to measure the water transport through the porous gas diffusion layer in a PEM fuel cell. Constant current density to open circuit cycles were tested and the resulting liquid water accumulation and dissipation rates with in-plane water distributions are correlated to measured pressure differential between inlet and outlet gas streams. The effect of varying the reactant gas relative humidity on liquid water accumulation is also demonstrated. These results provide evidence that the reactant gas establishes a consistent in-plane transport path through the diffusion layer, leaving stagnant regions where liquid water accumulates. A simplified permeability model is presented and used to correlate the relative permeability to varying gas diffusion layer liquid water saturation levels. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Motors Fuel Cell Act, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Owejan, JP (reprint author), Gen Motors Fuel Cell Act, 10 Carriage St, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 USA. EM jon.owejan@gm.com RI Trabold, Thomas/A-9808-2009 NR 13 TC 119 Z9 120 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0017-9310 J9 INT J HEAT MASS TRAN JI Int. J. Heat Mass Transf. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 49 IS 25-26 BP 4721 EP 4731 DI 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.07.004 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 110RX UT WOS:000242397800003 ER PT J AU Cziczo, DJ Thomson, DS Thompson, TL DeMott, PJ Murphy, DM AF Cziczo, Daniel J. Thomson, David S. Thompson, Thomas L. DeMott, Paul J. Murphy, Daniel M. TI Particle analysis by laser mass spectrometry (PALMS) studies of ice nuclei and other low number density particles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE aerosol mass spectrometry; laser desorption/ionization; ice nuclei ID SINGLE AEROSOL-PARTICLES; INDUCED ION FORMATION; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; REAL-TIME; INSTRUMENT; THRESHOLDS; VACUUM; TESTS; SIZE AB It has been shown that particles which effectively initiate freezing, known as ice nuclei (IN), are normally found at concentrations less than 101(-1) in the background atmosphere. The low number density of these particles has presented significant analytical challenges, and determination of the size and composition, and thus the origin, of these particles has historically relied upon electron microscopy (EM). Single particle mass spectrometers can provide better time resolution and reduced sampling artifacts. The modifications to the particle analysis by laser mass spectrometry (PALMS) instrument, a laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometer, required to efficiently size and analyze particles with very low number density, are described here. A comparison to traditional EM studies is made and future applications of this method to solve other contemporary atmospheric problems are also discussed. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 ETH, Inst Atmosphere & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Cziczo, DJ (reprint author), ETH, Inst Atmosphere & Climate Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. EM daniel.cziczo@env.ethz.ch RI DeMott, Paul/C-4389-2011; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI DeMott, Paul/0000-0002-3719-1889; Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; NR 44 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 258 IS 1-3 BP 21 EP 29 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2006.05.013 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 108SD UT WOS:000242258600004 ER PT J AU Miller, SD Haddock, SHD Elvidge, CD Lee, TF AF Miller, S. D. Haddock, S. H. D. Elvidge, C. D. Lee, T. F. TI Twenty thousand leagues over the seas: the first satellite perspective on bioluminescent 'milky seas' SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BACTERIAL BIOLUMINESCENCE; LUMINOUS BACTERIA; OCEAN; PRODUCTIVITY; SYSTEM AB Maritime folklore is replete with accounts of the nighttime ocean surface producing an intense glow likened to a cloudbank or snowfield for as far Lis the eye can see. While scientists have postulated bioluminescence as being the cause for these so-called 'milky seas', their full explanation remains a mystery due to the inherent difficulties of obtaining in situ measurements of events in progress. Presented here are details pertaining to the first satellite-based detection of a milky sea-an area of the Indian Ocean roughly 300 km long by 50 km wide was observed to glow over three nights. These findings, confirmed by surface reports, reveal all unanticipated application of low-light satellite sensors, and provide a new means toward understanding the formation, scale, and ecological role of these extraordinary and poorly understood phenomena. C1 Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93493 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Miller, SD (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93493 USA. EM miller@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 NR 38 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 27 IS 23-24 BP 5131 EP 5143 DI 10.1080/01431160600554298 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 135VP UT WOS:000244182300001 ER PT J AU Kline, SR AF Kline, Steven R. TI Reduction and analysis of SANS and USANS data using IGOR Pro SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Software Review ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; NEUTRON-SCATTERING AB A software package is presented for performing reduction and analysis of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra-small-angle neutron scattering (USANS) data. A graphical interface has been developed to visualize and quickly reduce raw SANS and USANS data into one- or two-dimensional formats for interpretation. The resulting reduced data can then be analyzed using model-independent methods or non-linear fitting to one of a large and growing catalog of included structural models. The different instrumental smearing effects for slit-smeared USANS and pinhole-smeared SANS data are handled automatically during analysis. In addition, any number of SANS and USANS data sets can be analyzed simultaneously. The reduction operations and analysis models are written in a modular format for extensibility, allowing users to contribute code and models for distribution to all users. The software package is based on Igor Pro, providing freely distributable and modifiable code that runs on Macintosh and Windows operating systems. C1 NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kline, SR (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Stop 8562, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.kline@nist.gov NR 17 TC 796 Z9 797 U1 6 U2 119 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 39 BP 895 EP 900 DI 10.1107/S0021889806035059 PN 6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 104GK UT WOS:000241945800016 ER PT J AU Burton, BP van de Walle, A Kattner, U AF Burton, B. P. van de Walle, A. Kattner, U. TI First principles phase diagram calculations for the wurtzite-structure systems AlN-GaN, GaN-InN, and AlN-InN SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; FORCE-FIELD MODEL; WAVE BASIS-SET; VIBRATIONAL ENTROPY; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; HALITE-SYLVITE; 2-PHASE REGION; TERNARY ALLOY; HEXAGONAL INN; BAND-GAP AB First principles phase diagram calculations were performed for the wurtzite-structure quasibinary systems AlN-GaN, GaN-InN, and AlN-InN. Cluster expansion Hamiltonians that excluded, and included, excess vibrational contributions to the free energy, F-vib, were evaluated. Miscibility gaps are predicted for all three quasibinaries, with consolute points, (X-C,T-C), for AlN-GaN, GaN-InN, and AlN-InN equal to (0.50, 305 K), (0.50, 1850 K), and (0.50, 2830 K) without F-vib, and (0.40, 247 K), (0.50, 1620 K), and (0.50, 2600 K) with F-vib, respectively. In spite of the very different ionic radii of Al, Ga, and In, the GaN-InN and AlN-GaN diagrams are predicted to be approximately symmetric. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Northwestern Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Burton, BP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM benjamin.burton@nist.gov; avdw@northwestern.edu RI van de Walle, Axel/L-5676-2013 OI van de Walle, Axel/0000-0002-3415-1494 NR 39 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 11 AR 113528 DI 10.1063/1.2372309 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 117QG UT WOS:000242887400062 ER PT J AU Motayed, A He, MQ Davydov, AV Melngailis, J Mohammad, SN AF Motayed, Abhishek He, Maoqi Davydov, Albert V. Melngailis, John Mohammad, S. N. TI Realization of reliable GaN nanowire transistors utilizing dielectrophoretic alignment technique SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BUILDING-BLOCKS; OHMIC CONTACTS AB We have utilized dielectrophoretic force for assembling long (50 mu m to 200 mu m) GaN nanowires for device fabrication. These catalyst-free nanowires were grown by direct reaction of NH3 and Ga, which resulted in free-standing nanowires along with GaN microplatelets. GaN nanowires were suspended in a solvent using sonication, and using dielectrophoretic forces nanowires were assembled on prepatterned substrates (SiO2 coated Si and sapphire). With fabrication sequence using batch fabrication processes such as standard photolithography, etching, and oxide deposition we were able to realize stable GaN nanowire devices. The present technique is potentially compatible with complementary metal-oxide semicondoctor technology, and integrating nanodevices with conventional Si microelectronics on the same chip can be made possible with this technique. Utilizing this technique, high mobility (230 cm(2) V-1 s(-1)) GaN nanowire field effect transistors with reliable electrical characteristics have been achieved. These nanowire transistors even after prolonged period of conduction exhibited no deteriorations of their electrical properties. Several key factors in the processing that affect the device yield and reliability have been identified. Simple calculations predicted the effects of nanowire geometry, dispersing solvent, and alignment frequency on the dielectrophoretic force experienced by the nanowires. (c) 2006 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Howard Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Washington, DC 20059 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Motayed, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM amotayed@nist.gov RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 19 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 100 IS 11 AR 114310 DI 10.1063/1.2397383 PG 9 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 117QG UT WOS:000242887400142 ER PT J AU Arkoosh, MR Kagley, AN Anulacion, BF Boylen, DA Sandford, BP Loge, FJ Johnson, LL Collier, TK AF Arkoosh, Mary R. Kagley, Anna N. Anulacion, Bernadita F. Boylen, Deborah A. Sandford, Benjamin P. Loge, Frank J. Johnson, Lyndal L. Collier, Tracy K. TI Disease susceptibility of hatchery Snake River spring-summer Chinook salmon with different juvenile migration histories in the Columbia River SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID VIBRIO-ANGUILLARUM; STEELHEAD; BASIN AB Various methods have been developed to mitigate the effects of dams on juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. migrating to the Pacific Ocean through the Columbia River basin. In this study, we examined the health of hatchery Snake River spring and summer Chinook salmon relative to two mitigating strategies: dam bypass and transportation (e.g., barging). The health of out-migrants was assessed in terms of the difference in the incidence of mortality among fish, categorically grouped into no-bypass, bypass, and transponation life histories, in response to challenge with the marine pathogen Listonella anguillarum during seawater holding. These three life histories were defined as follows: (1) fish that were not detected at any of the juvenile bypass systems above Bonneville Dam were classified as having a no-bypass life history; (2) fish that were detected at one or more juvenile bypass systems above Bonneville Dam were classified as having a bypass life history; and (3) fish that were barged were classified as having the transportation life history. Barged fish were found to be less susceptible to L. anguillarum than in-river fish-whether bypassed or not-which suggests that transportation may help mitigate the adverse health effects of the hydropower system of the Columbia River basin on Snake River spring-summer Chinook salmon. The findings of this study are not necessarily transferable to other out-migrant stocks in the Columbia River basin, given that only one evolutionarily significant unit, that is, Snake River spring-summer Chinook salmon, was used in this study. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pasco, WA 99301 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Arkoosh, MR (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM mary.arkoosh@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2006 VL 18 IS 4 BP 223 EP 231 DI 10.1577/H05-051.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 131HP UT WOS:000243860000002 PM 26599158 ER PT J AU Kim, SK Reddy, SK Nelson, BC Vasquez, GB Davis, A Howard, AJ Patterson, S Gilliland, GL Ladner, JE Reddy, PT AF Kim, Sook-Kyung Reddy, Sathyavelu K. Nelson, Bryant C. Vasquez, Gregory B. Davis, Andrew Howard, Andrew J. Patterson, Sean Gilliland, Gary L. Ladner, Jane E. Reddy, Prasad T. TI Biochemical and structural characterization of the secreted chorismate mutase (Rv1885c) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv: an *AroQ enzyme not regulated by the aromatic amino acids SO JOURNAL OF BACTERIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BACILLUS-SUBTILIS; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ACTIVE-SITE; PREPHENATE DEHYDROGENASE; GENOME SEQUENCE; PURIFICATION; PROTEIN; GENE; BIOSYNTHESIS AB The gene Rv1885c from the genome of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H,,R, encodes a monofunctional and secreted chorismate mutase (*MtCM) with a 33-amino-acid cleavable signal sequence; hence, it belongs to the *AroQ class of chorismate mutases. Consistent with the heterologously expressed *MtCM having periplasmic destination in Escherichia coli and the absence of a discrete periplasmic compartment in M. tuberculosis, we show here that *MtCM secretes into the culture filtrate of M. tuberculosis. *MtCM functions as a homodimer and exhibits a dimeric state of the protein at a concentration as low as 5 nM. *MtCM exhibits simple Michaelis-Menten kinetics with a K-m of 0.5 +/- 0.05 mM and a k(cat) of 60 s(-1) per active site (at 37 degrees C and pH 7.5). The crystal structure of *MtCM has been determined at 1.7 angstrom resolution (Protein Data Bank identifier 2F6L). The protein has an all alpha-helical structure, and the active site is formed within a single chain without any contribution from the second chain in the dimer. Analysis of the structure shows a novel fold topology for the protein with a topologically rearranged helix containing Arg(134). We provide evidence by site-directed mutagenesis that the residues Arg(49), Lys(60), Arg(71), Thr(105), Glu(109), and Arg(134) constitute the catalytic site; the numbering of the residues includes the signal sequence. Our investigation on the effect of phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan on *MtCM shows that *MtCM is not regulated by the aromatic amino acids. Consistent with this observation, the X-ray structure of *MtCM does not have an allosteric regulatory site. C1 NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Reddy, PT (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Mail Stop 831-2,Bldg 227,Room B244, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM prasad.reddy@nist.gov NR 59 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0021-9193 EI 1098-5530 J9 J BACTERIOL JI J. Bacteriol. PD DEC PY 2006 VL 188 IS 24 BP 8638 EP 8648 DI 10.1128/JB.00441-06 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 116JH UT WOS:000242798100036 PM 17146044 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Sharpless, KE Sander, LC AF Nelson, Bryant C. Sharpless, Katherine E. Sander, Lane C. TI Quantitative determination of folic acid in multivitamin/multielement tablets using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE dietary supplements; folic acid; fortification; liquid chromatography; multivitamin/multielement; standard reference material; tandem mass spectrometry ID SUPPLEMENT INGREDIENT DATABASE; WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS; MULTIVITAMIN PREPARATIONS; FOLATE BIOAVAILABILITY; MINERAL PREPARATIONS; UNITED-STATES; HUMAN PLASMA; HUMAN SERUM; HPLC; HOMOCYSTEINE AB Two different isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methods for the quantitative determination of folic acid (FA) in multivitamin/multielement tablets are reported. These methods represent distinct improvements in terms of speed and specificity over most existing microbiological and chromatographic methods for the determination of FA in dietary supplements. The first method utilizes an aqueous/organic-based extraction solvent combined with positive-ion mode LC/MS/MS detection of protonated [M + H](+) FA molecules and the second method utilizes a pure aqueous-based extraction solvent combined with negative-ion mode LC/MS/MS detection of deprotonated [M - H](-) FA molecules. The LC/MS/MS methods exhibit comparable linear dynamic ranges ( :3 orders of magnitude), limits of detection (0.02ng on-column) and limits of quantification (0.06ng on-column) for FA. Two methods employing different extraction and different MS detection modes were developed to allow method cross-validation. Successful validation of each measurement procedure supports the use of either method for the certification of FA levels in dietary supplements. The accuracy and precision of each measurement procedure were evaluated by applying each method to the quantitative determination of FA in a NIST standard reference material (NIST SRM 3280 multivitamin/multielement tablets). The FA measurement accuracy for both methods was >= 95% (based on the manufacturer's assessment of the FA level in SRM 3280) with corresponding measurement precision values (% RSD) of approximately 1%. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryant.nelson@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 40 TC 52 Z9 57 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 1135 IS 2 BP 203 EP 211 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2006.09.040 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 108ZT UT WOS:000242278400011 PM 17018234 ER PT J AU Van den Dool, HM Peng, PT Johansson, A Chelliah, M Shabbar, A Saha, S AF Van den Dool, H. M. Peng, Peitao Johansson, Ake Chelliah, Muthuvel Shabbar, Amir Saha, Suranjana TI Seasonal-to-decadal predictability and prediction of North American climate - The Atlantic influence SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Climate Variability and Predictability Workshop on Atlantic Predictability CY APR, 2004 CL Univ Reading, Reading, ENGLAND HO Univ Reading ID LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; EXTRATROPICAL SST ANOMALIES; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; TROPICAL ATLANTIC; CARIBBEAN RAINFALL; ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; HURRICANE FREQUENCY; ENSO TELECONNECTION; WINTER TEMPERATURE AB The question of the impact of the Atlantic on North American (NA) seasonal prediction skill and predictability is examined. Basic material is collected from the literature, a review of seasonal forecast procedures in Canada and the United States, and some fresh calculations using the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data. The general impression is one of low predictability (due to the Atlantic) for seasonal mean surface temperature and precipitation over NA. Predictability may be slightly better in the Caribbean and the (sub) tropical Americas, even for precipitation. The NAO is widely seen as an agent making the Atlantic influence felt in NA. While the NAO is well established in most months, its prediction skill is limited. Year-round evidence for an equatorially displaced version of the NAO (named ED_NAO) carrying a good fraction of the variance is also found. In general the predictability from the Pacific is thought to dominate over that from the Atlantic sector, which explains the minimal number of reported Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) runs that explore Atlantic-only impacts. Caveats are noted as to the question of the influence of a single predictor in a nonlinear environment with many predictors. Skill of a new one-tier global coupled atmosphere-ocean model system at NCEP is reviewed; limited skill is found in midlatitudes and there is modest predictability to look forward to. There are several signs of enthusiasm in the community about using "trends" (low-frequency variations): (a) seasonal forecast tools include persistence of last 10 years' averaged anomaly (relative to the official 30-yr climatology), (b) hurricane forecasts are based largely on recognizing a global multidecadal mode (which is similar to an Atlantic trend mode in SST), and (c) two recent papers, one empirical and one modeling, giving equal roles to the (North) Pacific and Atlantic in "explaining" variations in drought frequency over NA on a 20 yr or longer time scale during the twentieth century. C1 Climate Predict Ctr, WWB, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON, Canada. Environm Modelling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Van den Dool, HM (reprint author), Climate Predict Ctr, WWB, Rm 604,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM huug.vandendool@noaa.gov NR 94 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 23 BP 6005 EP 6024 DI 10.1175/JCLI3942.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118IB UT WOS:000242934600005 ER PT J AU Foltz, GR McPhaden, MJ AF Foltz, Gregory R. McPhaden, Michael J. TI The role of oceanic heat advection in the evolution of tropical North and South Atlantic SST anomalies SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID DECADAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SEASONAL CYCLE; IN-SITU; LAYER; PACIFIC; MODEL; CIRCULATION; WIND; FLUX AB The role of horizontal oceanic heat advection in the generation of tropical North and South Atlantic sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies is investigated through an analysis of the oceanic mixed layer heat balance. It is found that SST anomalies poleward of 10 degrees are driven primarily by a combination of wind-induced latent heat loss and shortwave radiation. Away from the eastern boundary, horizontal advection damps surface flux-forced SST anomalies due to a combination of mean meridional Ekman currents acting on anomalous meridional SST gradients, and anomalous meridional currents acting on the mean meridional SST gradient. Horizontal advection is likely to have the most significant effect on the interhemispheric SST gradient mode through its impact in the 10 degrees-20 degrees latitude bands of each hemisphere, where the variability in advection is strongest and its negative correlation with the surface heat flux is highest. In addition to the damping effect of horizontal advection in these latitude bands, evidence for coupled wind-SST feedbacks is found, with anomalous equatorward (poleward) SST gradients contributing to enhanced (reduced) westward surface winds and an equatorward propagation of SST anomalies. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Foltz, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM gregory.foltz@noaa.gov RI Foltz, Gregory/B-8710-2011; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 OI Foltz, Gregory/0000-0003-0050-042X; NR 39 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2006 VL 19 IS 23 BP 6122 EP 6138 DI 10.1175/JCLI3961.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 118IB UT WOS:000242934600012 ER EF