FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Brown, KR Britton, J Epstein, RJ Chiaverini, J Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Brown, K. R. Britton, J. Epstein, R. J. Chiaverini, J. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI Passive cooling of a micromechanical oscillator with a resonant electric circuit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RADIATION-PRESSURE; ATOM; MICROMIRROR AB We cool the fundamental mode of a miniature cantilever by capacitively coupling it to a driven rf resonant circuit. Cooling results from the rf capacitive force, which is phase shifted relative to the cantilever motion. We demonstrate the technique by cooling a 7 kHz cantilever from room temperature to 45 K, obtaining reasonable agreement with a model for the cooling, damping, and frequency shift. Extending the method to higher frequencies in a cryogenic system could enable ground state cooling and may prove simpler than related optical experiments in a low temperature apparatus. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Brown, KR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM krbrown@boulder.nist.gov OI Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347 NR 26 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 13 AR 137205 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.137205 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 215CU UT WOS:000249786700074 PM 17930631 ER PT J AU Tian, L Simmonds, RW AF Tian, L. Simmonds, R. W. TI Josephson junction microscope for low-frequency fluctuators SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUPERCONDUCTING QUBIT; 2-LEVEL SYSTEM; 1/F NOISE; QUANTUM; CAVITY; PHOTONS; CIRCUIT; ATOMS; STATE AB The high-Q harmonic oscillator mode of a Josephson junction can be used as a novel probe of spurious two-level systems (TLSs) inside the amorphous oxide tunnel barrier of the junction. In particular, we show that spectroscopic transmission measurements of the junction resonator mode can reveal how the coupling magnitude between the junction and the TLSs varies with an external magnetic field applied in the plane of the tunnel barrier. The proposed experiments offer the possibility of clearly resolving the underlying coupling mechanism for these spurious TLSs, an important decoherence source limiting the quality of superconducting quantum devices. C1 Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Tian, L (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM ltian@stanford.edu; simmonds@boulder.nist.gov RI Tian, Lin/I-3314-2013 OI Tian, Lin/0000-0001-6281-1034 NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 28 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 13 AR 137002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.137002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 215CU UT WOS:000249786700069 PM 17930626 ER PT J AU Shi, W Wang, MH AF Shi, Wei Wang, Menghua TI Detection of turbid waters and absorbing aerosols for the MODIS ocean color data processing SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ocean color remote sensing; atmospheric correction; absorbing aerosol detection; turbid water detection; coastal region ocean remote sensing ID ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; SAHARAN DUST; SEAWIFS; ALGORITHM; COASTAL; IMAGERY; INSTRUMENT; SENSORS; SYSTEM; EARTH AB Atmospheric correction for the ocean color products derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) uses two near-infrared (NIR) bands centered at 748 and 869 nm for identifying aerosol type and correcting aerosol contributions at the MODIS visible wavelengths. The ocean is usually assumed to be black for open oceans at these two NIR bands with modifications for the productive waters and aerosols are assumed to be non- or weakly absorbing. For cases with strongly absorbing aerosols and cases with the significant NIR ocean contributions, the derived ocean color products will have significant errors, e.g., the derived MODIS normalized water-leaving radiances are biased low considerably. Both cases lead to a significant drop of the sensor-measured radiance at the short visible wavelengths, and they both have similar and indistinguishable radiance characteristics at the short visible wavelengths. To properly handle such cases, the strongly absorbing aerosols and turbid waters need to be identified. Therefore, an appropriate approach (different from the standard procedure) may be carried out. In this paper, we demonstrate methods to identify the turbid waters and strongly absorbing aerosols using combinations of MODIS-measured radiances at the short visible, NIR, and short wave infrared (SWIR) bands. The algorithms are based on the fact that for the turbid waters the ocean has significantly large contributions at the NIR bands, whereas at the SWIR bands the ocean is still black due to much stronger water absorption. With detection of the turbid waters, the strongly absorbing aerosols can then be identified using the MODIS measurements at the short visible and NIR bands. We provide results and discussions for test and evaluation of the algorithm performance with various examples in the coastal regions for the turbid waters and for various absorbing aerosols (e.g., volcano ash plumes, dust, smoke). The proposed algorithms are efficient in the data processing, and can be carried out prior to the atmospheric correction procedure. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wang, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, E-RA3,Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Menghua.Wang@noaa.gov RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010; Wang, Menghua/F-5631-2010 OI Wang, Menghua/0000-0001-7019-3125 NR 34 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 3 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 28 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 2 BP 149 EP 161 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.02.013 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 206CJ UT WOS:000249161200002 ER PT J AU Huang, JP Ge, JM Weng, FZ AF Huang, Jianping Ge, Jinming Weng, Fuzhong TI Detection of Asia dust storms using multisensor satellite measurements SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE multisensors; infrared measurements; microwave measurements; Asia dust storm ID CLOUD LIQUID WATER; DESERT DUST; ICE NUCLEI; AEROSOLS; MICROWAVE; ISRAEL; LAND AB Observations from visible, infrared and microwave satellite instruments are integrated to detect dust storm over northwestern China. Microwave measurements are used to detect the dust storm underneath ice clouds, while visible and infrared measurements are utilized for delineating the cloud-free dust systems. Detection is based on microwave polarized brightness temperature differences (Delta T-b=T-bv -T-bh) among two channels of 89 GHz and 23.8 GHz and infrared brightness temperature difference (BTD) between channels at 11 and 12 mu m. It is shown that the integrated approach is better than the method solely based on infrared BTD in storm detection, especially for those dust systems covered by ice clouds. This approach is applied for the Asia dust storms cases using the data from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) onboard Aqua satellite. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Huang, JP (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM hjp@lzu.edu.cn RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 27 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD SEP 28 PY 2007 VL 110 IS 2 BP 186 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.02.022 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 206CJ UT WOS:000249161200005 ER PT J AU Diaz, HF Eischeid, JK AF Diaz, Henry F. Eischeid, Jon K. TI Disappearing "alpine tundra'' Koppen climatic type in the western United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICA; TEMPERATURE; SHIFTS; TRENDS AB [1] We examine changes in the areal extent of the Koppen "alpine tundra'' climate classification type for the mountainous western United States following the work of Kottek et al. ( 2006). We find a significant decline in the area occupied by this climate category. In the early decades of the 20th century, the mean temperature of the warmest month in the areas of the western U. S. with nominal alpine tundra climates ranged largely between similar to 8.5 degrees C and 9.5 degrees C. In the last 20 years ( 1987-2006), rising temperatures have caused a significant fraction of these areas to exceed the 10 degrees C threshold for alpine tundra classification. The result has been a 73% reduction in coverage of this climatic type. The remaining classified alpine tundra in the last 20 years now averages between similar to 9 degrees C - 10 degrees C during the warmest month, so that continued warming past the classification threshold, would imply that areas where this climate type is found today in the West will no longer be present. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM henry.f.diaz@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 27 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 18 AR L18707 DI 10.1029/2007GL031253 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 216AU UT WOS:000249850900006 ER PT J AU Owejan, JP Trabold, TA Gagliardo, J Jacobson, DL Carter, RN Hussey, DS Arif, M AF Owejan, J. P. Trabold, T. A. Gagliardo, Jt Jacobson, D. L. Carter, R. N. Hussey, D. S. Arif, M. TI Voltage instability in a simulated fuel cell stack correlated to cathode water accumulation SO JOURNAL OF POWER SOURCES LA English DT Article DE PEMFC; water transport; diagnostics; neutron imaging; gas diffusion layer; flow channel AB Single fuel cells running independently are often used for fundamental studies of water transport. It is also necessary to assess the dynamic behavior of fuel cell stacks comprised of multiple cells arranged in series, thus providing many paths for flow of reactant hydrogen on the anode and air (or pure oxygen) on the cathode. In the current work, the flow behavior of a fuel cell stack is simulated by using a single-cell test fixture coupled with a bypass flow loop for the cathode flow. This bypass simulates the presence of additional cells in a stack and provides an alternate path for airflow, thus avoiding forced convective purging of cathode flow channels. Liquid water accumulation in the cathode is shown to occur in two modes; initially nearly all the product water is retained in the gas diffusion layer until a critical saturation fraction is reached and then water accumulation in the flow channels begins. Flow redistribution and fuel cell performance loss result from channel slug formation. The application of in-situ neutron radiography affords a transient correlation of performance loss to liquid water accumulation. The current results identify a mechanism whereby depleted cathode flow on a single cell leads to performance loss, which can ultimately cause an operating proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack to fail. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Gen Motors Fuel Cell Activities, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Owejan, JP (reprint author), Gen Motors Fuel Cell Activities, 10 Carriage St, Honeoye Falls, NY 14472 USA. EM jon.owejan@gm.com RI Trabold, Thomas/A-9808-2009 NR 13 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-7753 J9 J POWER SOURCES JI J. Power Sources PD SEP 27 PY 2007 VL 171 IS 2 BP 626 EP 633 DI 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.06.174 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels; Materials Science GA 219EG UT WOS:000250066900049 ER PT J AU Sillanpaa, MA Park, JI Simmonds, RW AF Sillanpaeae, Mika A. Park, Jae I. Simmonds, Raymond W. TI Coherent quantum state storage and transfer between two phase qubits via a resonant cavity SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-COOPER-PAIR; FLUX QUBIT; DYNAMICS; PHOTON; MEMORY AB As with classical information processing, a quantum information processor requires bits (qubits) that can be independently addressed and read out, long-term memory elements to store arbitrary quantum states(1,2), and the ability to transfer quantum information through a coherent communication bus accessible to a large number of qubits(3,4). Superconducting qubits made with scalable microfabrication techniques are a promising candidate for the realization of a large-scale quantum information processor(5-9). Although these systems have successfully passed tests of coherent coupling for up to four qubits(10-13), communication of individual quantum states between superconducting qubits via a quantum bus has not yet been realized. Here, we perform an experiment demonstrating the ability to coherently transfer quantum states between two superconducting Josephson phase qubits through a quantum bus. This quantum bus is a resonant cavity formed by an open-ended superconducting transmission line of length 7 mm. After preparing an initial quantum state with the first qubit, this quantum information is transferred and stored as a nonclassical photon state of the resonant cavity, then retrieved later by the second qubit connected to the opposite end of the cavity. Beyond simple state transfer, these results suggest that a high-quality-factor superconducting cavity could also function as a useful short-term memory element. The basic architecture presented here can be expanded, offering the possibility for the coherent interaction of a large number of superconducting qubits. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Simmonds, RW (reprint author), NIST, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM simmonds@boulder.nist.gov RI Sillanpaa, Mika/A-3554-2013 NR 30 TC 359 Z9 364 U1 5 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD SEP 27 PY 2007 VL 449 IS 7161 BP 438 EP 442 DI 10.1038/nature06124 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 214GQ UT WOS:000249724800035 PM 17898762 ER PT J AU Bowman, KP Pan, LL Campos, T Gao, R AF Bowman, Kenneth P. Pan, Laura L. Campos, Teresa Gao, Rushan TI Observations of fine-scale transport structure in the upper troposphere from the High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERIC INTRUSIONS; VELOCITY-FIELDS; MEANDERING JET AB The Progressive Science Mission in December 2005 was the first research use of the new NCAR High-performance Instrumented Airborne Platform for Environmental Research (HIAPER) aircraft. The Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport (START) component of the mission was designed to investigate the dynamical and chemical structure of the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. Flight 5 of the Progressive Science mission was a START flight that sampled near the tropopause in an area between the main jet stream and a large, quasi-stationary, cutoff low. The large-scale flow in this region was characterized by a hyperbolic (saddle) point. In this study the in situ measurements by HIAPER are combined with flow analyses and satellite data to investigate the quasi-isentropic stirring of trace species in the upper troposphere. As expected from theoretical considerations, strong stretching and folding deformation of the flow near the hyperbolic point resulted in rapid filamentation of air masses and sharp gradients of constituents. Calculations of the stirring using operational meteorological analyses from the NCEP Global Forecast System model produced excellent agreement with HIAPER and satellite observations of trace species. Back trajectories indicate that elevated ozone levels in some filaments likely came from a large stratospheric intrusion that occurred upstream in the jet over the north Pacific Ocean. The methods presented here can be used with operational forecasts for future flight planning. C1 Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bowman, KP (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM k-bowman@tamu.edu RI Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; Bowman, Kenneth/A-1345-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; Bowman, Kenneth/0000-0002-2667-8632; NR 17 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D18 AR D18111 DI 10.1029/2007JD008685 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 216BA UT WOS:000249851500006 ER PT J AU Pan, LL Bowman, KP Shapiro, M Randel, WJ Gao, RS Campos, T Davis, C Schauffler, S Ridley, BA Wei, JC Barnet, C AF Pan, L. L. Bowman, K. P. Shapiro, M. Randel, W. J. Gao, R. S. Campos, T. Davis, C. Schauffler, S. Ridley, B. A. Wei, J. C. Barnet, C. TI Chemical behavior of the tropopause observed during the Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport experiment SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; LOWERMOST STRATOSPHERE; WATER-VAPOR; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; EXCHANGE; OZONE; O-3; SPURT AB During the Stratosphere-Troposphere Analyses of Regional Transport ( START) experiment in December 2005, the behavior of the extratropical tropopause was examined under a variety of dynamical conditions. Using in situ measurements of ozone and water vapor, on board the new NSF/NCAR research aircraft Gulfstream V, and data from large-scale meteorological analyses, we address issues of the tropopause definitions and sharpness. Comparisons of the data from two flights show that the sharpness of chemical transitions across the tropopause varies with the sharpness of the static stability change across the tropopause. Using tracer correlations, air masses of mixed stratospheric and tropospheric characteristics are identified. The mixed air mass does not form a uniform mixing layer near the tropopause, but rather shows strong spatial variation. A depth of mixed air (similar to 5 km in vertical distribution) is found on the cyclonic side of the polar jet, where the thermal gradient is weak and significant separation occurs between the thermal and the dynamical tropopause. Away from the jet or on the anticyclonic side of the jet, where the stability gradient is strong, the chemical transition across the tropopause was much more abrupt and shows minimum mixing. In both cases ( either significant or minimal mixing), the thermal tropopause is shown to be approximately at the center of the mixing layer, and the altitude relative to the thermal tropopause is found to be an effective coordinate for locating the chemical transition. To further understand the role of the thermal and dynamical tropopause as a chemical transport boundary, tracer correlations are used to examine the chemical characteristics, and the trajectory calculations are used to infer the fate of the air mass between the thermal and dynamic tropopauses in the region of significant separation. The tracer correlation analysis shows that the air mass in this region is a mixture of stratospheric and tropospheric air but predominantly of tropospheric characteristics. Trajectory model calculations show that a significant fraction of the air parcels in this region ended in the mid to lower troposphere, which suggest the irreversible nature of the observed stratospheric intrusion. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. NOAA, Off Weather & Air Qlty, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. RP Pan, LL (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM liwen@ucar.edu RI Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Bowman, Kenneth/A-1345-2012; Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; Randel, William/K-3267-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Bowman, Kenneth/0000-0002-2667-8632; Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; Randel, William/0000-0002-5999-7162; NR 54 TC 54 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D18 AR D18110 DI 10.1029/2007JD008645 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 216BA UT WOS:000249851500005 ER PT J AU Weinstock, EM Pittman, JV Sayres, DS Smith, JB Anderson, JG Wofsy, SC Xueref, I Gerbig, C Daube, BC Pfister, L Richard, EC Ridley, BA Weinheimer, AJ Jost, HJ Lopez, JP Loewenstein, M Thompson, TL AF Weinstock, E. M. Pittman, J. V. Sayres, D. S. Smith, J. B. Anderson, J. G. Wofsy, S. C. Xueref, I. Gerbig, C. Daube, B. C. Pfister, L. Richard, E. C. Ridley, B. A. Weinheimer, A. J. Jost, H.-J. Lopez, J. P. Loewenstein, M. Thompson, T. L. TI Quantifying the impact of the North American monsoon and deep midlatitude convection on the subtropical lowermost stratosphere using in situ measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR; ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; TRACER MEASUREMENTS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; SEASONAL CYCLE; TRANSPORT; CO2; OZONE AB The chemical composition of the lowermost stratosphere exhibits both spatial and temporal variability depending upon the relative strength of (1) isentropic transport from the tropical tropopause layer (TTL), (2) diabatic descent from the midlatitude and northern midlatitude stratosphere followed by equatorward isentropic transport, and (3) diabatic ascent from the troposphere through convection. In situ measurements made in the lowermost stratosphere over Florida illustrate the additional impact of equatorward flow around the monsoon anticyclone. This flow carries, along with older stratospheric air, the distinct signature of deep midlatitude convection. We use simultaneous in situ measurements of water vapor (H2O), ozone (O-3), total odd nitrogen (NOy), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) in the framework of a simple box model to quantify the composition of the air sampled in the lowermost stratosphere during the mission on the basis of tracer mixing ratios ascribed to the source regions for these transport pathways. The results show that in the summer, convection has a significant impact on the composition of air in the lowermost stratosphere, being the dominant source of water vapor up to the 380 K isentrope. The implications of these results extend from the potential for heterogeneous ozone loss resulting from the increased frequency and lifetime of cirrus near the local tropopause, to air with increased water vapor that as part of the equatorward flow associated with the North American monsoon can become part of the general circulation. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. NASA, George C Marshall Space Flight Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35812 USA. Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Lab Sci Climat Environm,Commis Energie Atom, Gif Sur Yvette, France. Max Planck Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NovaWave Technol, Redwood City, CA USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Weinstock, EM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM elliot@huarp.harvard.edu RI Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013 OI Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603 NR 37 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 26 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D18 AR D18310 DI 10.1029/2007JD008554 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 216BA UT WOS:000249851500003 ER PT J AU Caldeira, K Archer, D Barry, JP Bellerby, RGJ Brewer, PG Cao, L Dickson, AG Doney, SC Elderfield, H Fabry, VJ Feely, RA Gattuso, JP Haugan, PM Hoegh-Guldberg, O Jain, AK Kleypas, JA Langdon, C Orr, JC Ridgwell, A Sabine, CL Seibel, BA Shirayama, Y Turley, C Watson, AJ Zeebe, RE AF Caldeira, Ken Archer, David Barry, James P. Bellerby, Richard G. J. Brewer, Peter G. Cao, Long Dickson, Andrew G. Doney, Scott C. Elderfield, Harry Fabry, Victoria J. Feely, Richard A. Gattuso, Jean-Pierre Haugan, Peter M. Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove Jain, Atul K. Kleypas, Joan A. Langdon, Chris Orr, James C. Ridgwell, Andy Sabine, Christopher L. Seibel, Brad A. Shirayama, Yoshihisa Turley, Carol Watson, Andrew J. Zeebe, Richard E. TI Comment on "Modern-age buildup of CO2 and its effects on seawater acidity and salinity" by Hugo A. Loaiciga SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material ID ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; CARBON-DIOXIDE; CORAL-REEFS; OCEAN; IMPACT; ACIDIFICATION; DISSOCIATION; CONSTANTS; CACO3 C1 Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. Univ Bergen, Inst Geophys, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Univ Cambridge, Dept Earth Sci, Godwin Lab Palaeoclimate Res, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, England. Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol Sci, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Ocean Climate Res Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. UPMC, CNRS, Oceanog Lab, F-06234 Villefranche Sur Mer, France. Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Inst Study Soc & Environm, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Dept Fisheries & Marine Biol, Miami, FL 33149 USA. IAEA, Marine Environm Labs, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco. Univ Bristol, Sch Geog Sci, Bristol BS8 1SS, Avon, England. Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. Kyoto Univ, Seto Marine Biol Lab, Wakayama 6492211, Japan. Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Caldeira, K (reprint author), Carnegie Inst Sci, Dept Global Ecol, 260 Panama St, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM kcaldeira@globalecology.stanford.edu; d-archer@uchicago.edu; barry@mbari.org; richard.bellerby@bjerknes.uib.no; brpe@mbari.org; longcao@stanford.edu; adickson@ucsd.edu; sdoney@whoi.edu; he101@esc.cam.ac.uk; fabry@csusm.edu; richard.a.feely@noaa.gov; gattuso@obs-vlfr.fr; peter.haugan@gfi.uib.no; oveh@uq.edu.au; jain@atmos.uiuc.edu; kleypas@ucar.edu; clangdon@rsmas.miami.edu; j.orr@iaea.org; andy@seao2.org; chris.sabine@noaa.gov; seibel@uri.edu; yshira@bigfoot.com; ct@pml.ac.uk; a.j.watson@uea.ac.uk; zeebe@soest.hawaii.edu RI Orr, James/C-5221-2009; Gattuso, Jean-Pierre/E-6631-2010; Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Bellerby, Richard/B-5277-2012; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Archer, David/K-7371-2012; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/H-6169-2011; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011; Jain, Atul/D-2851-2016; OI Gattuso, Jean-Pierre/0000-0002-4533-4114; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Archer, David/0000-0002-4523-7912; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/0000-0001-7510-6713; Jain, Atul/0000-0002-4051-3228; Orr, James/0000-0002-8707-7080 NR 27 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 30 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 25 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 18 AR L18608 DI 10.1029/2006GL027288 PG 3 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 216AS UT WOS:000249850700001 ER PT J AU Yu, M Ohguchi, H Zambano, A Takeuchi, I Liu, JP Josell, D Bendersky, LA AF Yu, Minghui Ohguchi, H. Zambano, A. Takeuchi, I. Liu, J. P. Josell, D. Bendersky, L. A. TI Orientation and magnetic properties of FePt and CoPt films grown on MgO(110) single-crystal substrate by electron-beam coevaporation SO MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING B-SOLID STATE MATERIALS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE epitaxial film; L10 phase; magnetic film ID THIN-FILMS; ANISOTROPY; MICROSTRUCTURE AB We have studied the orientation and magnetic properties of FePt and CoPt films deposited by electron-beam co-evaporation on MgO(1 1 0) single-crystal substrates at substrate temperatures from 500 to 700 degrees C. We observed that long-range chemical ordering of the Ll(0) structure occurred over the entire range of substrate temperatures in FePt films and at 600 degrees C and up in CoPt films. Growth of FePt and CoPt yielded epitaxial films with cube-on-cube orientation of the pseudo-cubic Ll(0) lattice with respect to the cubic MgO. X-ray diffraction patterns and magnetization loops of the FePt and CoPt films revealed the existence of Ll domains with the tetragonal c axis inclined at 45 degrees to the film plane, orientations (0 h h) and (h 0 h), as well as Ll(0) domains with the tetragonal c axis in the plane of the film, orientation (h h 0). The FePt and CoPt films for which X-ray diffraction indicated tetragonal phase was present all exhibited hard magnetic properties with easy axis along the [0 h h] substrate direction as well as large in-plane magnetocrystalline anisotropy. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Texas, Dept Phys, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yu, M (reprint author), Univ New Orleans, Adv Mat Res Inst, New Orleans, LA 70148 USA. EM myu@uno.edu RI Oguchi, Hiroyuki/R-5305-2016 NR 9 TC 16 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0921-5107 J9 MAT SCI ENG B-SOLID JI Mater. Sci. Eng. B-Solid State Mater. Adv. Technol. PD SEP 25 PY 2007 VL 142 IS 2-3 BP 139 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.mseb.2007.07.005 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 221TU UT WOS:000250251000014 ER PT J AU Wilson, SD Li, SL Zhao, J Mu, G Wen, HH Lynn, JW Freeman, PG Regnault, LP Habicht, K Dai, PC AF Wilson, Stephen D. Li, Shiliang Zhao, Jun Mu, Gang Wen, Hai-Hu Lynn, Jeffrey W. Freeman, Paul G. Regnault, Louis-Pierre Habicht, Klaus Dai, Pengcheng TI Quantum spin correlations through the superconducting-to-normal phase transition in electron-doped superconducting Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-delta SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE spin fluctuations; strongly correlated electron materials; superconductivity ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MECHANISM; ENERGY; FIELD; CONDENSATION; RESONANCE AB The quantum spin fluctuations of the S = 1/2 Cu ions are important in determining the physical properties of high-transition-temperature (high T-c) copper oxide superconductors, but their possible role in the electron pairing of superconductivity remains an open question. The principal feature of the spin fluctuations in optimally doped high-T-c superconductors is a well defined magnetic resonance whose energy (E-R) tracks T-c (as the composition is varied) and whose intensity develops like an order parameter in the superconducting state. We show that the suppression of superconductivity and its associated condensation energy by a magnetic field in the electron-doped high-T-c superconductor Pr0.88LaCe0.12CuO4-delta (T-c = 24 K), is accompanied by the complete suppression of the resonance and the concomitant emergence of static antiferromagnetic order. Our results demonstrate that the resonance is intimately related to the superconducting condensation energy, and thus suggest that it plays a role in the electron pairing and superconductivity. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Lab Superconduct, Inst Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Chinese Acad Sci, Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. CEA, Dept Rech Fondamentale Mat Condensee, Serv Phys Stat Magnetisme & Supraconduct, Lab Magnetisme & Diffract Neutron, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010; Mu, Gang/G-9407-2011; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Freeman, Paul/F-5372-2014; Habicht, Klaus/K-3636-2013 OI Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Mu, Gang/0000-0001-5676-4702; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Freeman, Paul/0000-0002-5376-8940; Habicht, Klaus/0000-0002-9915-7221 NR 35 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 25 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 39 BP 15259 EP 15263 DI 10.1073/pnas.0704822104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 215KJ UT WOS:000249806900018 PM 17884981 ER PT J AU Krasnopolsky, VM AF Krasnopolsky, Vladimir M. TI Neural network emulations for complex multidimensional geophysical mappings: Applications of neural network techniques to atmospheric and oceanic satellite retrievals and numerical modeling SO REVIEWS OF GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Review ID SENSOR MICROWAVE IMAGER; MULTILAYER FEEDFORWARD NETWORKS; MACHINE LEARNING COMPONENTS; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING MODEL; NONLINEAR ENERGY-TRANSFER; GRAVITY-WAVE SPECTRUM; SSI ANALYSIS SYSTEM; REMOTE-SENSING DATA; WEATHER PREDICTION; UNIVERSAL APPROXIMATION AB A group of geophysical applications, which from the mathematical point of view, can be formulated as complex, multidimensional, nonlinear mappings and which in terms of the neural network ( NN) technique, utilize a particular type of NN, the multilayer perceptron ( MLP), is reviewed in this paper. This type of NN application covers the majority of NN applications developed in geosciences like satellite remote sensing, meteorology, oceanography, numerical weather prediction, and climate studies. The major properties of the mappings and MLP NNs are formulated and discussed. Three particular groups of NN applications are presented in this paper as illustrations: atmospheric and oceanic satellite remote sensing applications, NN emulations of model physics for developing atmospheric and oceanic hybrid numerical models, and NN emulations of the dependencies between model variables for application in data assimilation systems. C1 NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Krasnopolsky, VM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Sci Applicat Int Corp, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM vladimir.krasnopolsky@noaa.gov RI Zhang, YIng/F-5751-2011 NR 135 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 8755-1209 EI 1944-9208 J9 REV GEOPHYS JI Rev. Geophys. PD SEP 25 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 3 AR RG3009 DI 10.1029/2006RG000200 PG 34 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 216CM UT WOS:000249855500002 ER PT J AU Otani, M Lowhorn, ND Schenck, PK Wong-Ng, W Green, ML Itaka, K Koinuma, H AF Otani, M. Lowhorn, N. D. Schenck, P. K. Wong-Ng, W. Green, M. L. Itaka, K. Koinuma, H. TI A high-throughput thermoelectric power-factor screening tool for rapid construction of thermoelectric property diagrams SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COMPOSITION-SPREAD APPROACH; FILMS; SYSTEM AB The authors have developed a high-throughput screening tool that maps out thermoelectric power factors of combinatorial composition-spread film libraries. The screening tool allows one to measure the electrical conductivity and Seebeck coefficient of over 1000 sample points within 6 h. Seebeck coefficients of standard films measured with the screening tool are in good agreement with those measured by traditional thermoelectric measurement apparatus. The rapid construction of thermoelectric property diagrams is illustrated for two systems: (Zn, Al)-O binary composition-spread film on Al2O3 (0001) and (Ca,Sr,La)(3)Co4O9 ternary composition-spread film on Si (100). (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. RP Otani, M (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM motani@nist.gov RI Itaka, Kenji/B-3207-2008 NR 21 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 24 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 13 AR 132102 DI 10.1063/1.2789289 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 215CX UT WOS:000249787000036 ER PT J AU Papa, F Prigent, C Rossow, WB AF Papa, F. Prigent, C. Rossow, W. B. TI Ob' River flood inundations from satellite observations: A relationship with winter snow parameters and river runoff SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; WETLAND DYNAMICS; DISCHARGE; BASIN; ALGORITHM; PROJECT; MODEL; SSM/I; AREA AB Using a multisatellite method, including passive microwave land surface emissivities, along with active microwave, visible and near infrared observations developed to estimate global inundated area, we examine the spatial and temporal variations of the 1993 2000 monthly inundation extents over a Boreal environment, the Ob River basin. Over the entire watershed, the mean extent of inundation during the snow-free months is 2.6 x 10(5) km(2), consistent with previous independent static or satellites-derived estimates. The maximum in yearly inundation, showing propagation from south to north between April and June, exhibits strong seasonal and inter-annual variations. The consistency of the inundation estimates is then analyzed at local or basin-wide scale using different in situ or satellite-derived snow and runoff parameters. The results show a strong relationship between the inundation extent and the snowmelt date, the snowpack depth at three in situ stations located in the southern part of the basin. Over the northern part, results show that flooding is more closely linked to the amount of water coming downstream from the southern part of the basin. A close systematic relationship is also found between the inundation extent and the local in situ runoff at six locations as well as with the altimeter-derived discharge measured at the Ob estuary. This case study evaluation shows the potential of these data sets to provide consistent information about the seasonal and inter-annual variations of inundation over a major Boreal river basin. These results also suggest new potential to improve the description of the snow-inundation-runoff relationship that are fundamental for climate and hydrological models. C1 Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. Observ Paris, Lab Etudes Rayonnement & Matiere Astrophys, CNRS, Paris, France. NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, City Coll New York, New York, NY USA. RP Papa, F (reprint author), Columbia Univ, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, 2880 Broadway, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM fpapa@giss.nasa.gov RI Papa, Fabrice/D-3695-2009; Rossow, William/F-3138-2015 OI Papa, Fabrice/0000-0001-6305-6253; NR 32 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 22 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D18 AR D18103 DI 10.1029/2007JD008451 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 213RW UT WOS:000249685800001 ER PT J AU Wu, CC Fry, CD Wu, ST Dryer, M Liou, K AF Wu, Chin-Chun Fry, C. D. Wu, S. T. Dryer, M. Liou, Kan TI Three-dimensional global simulation of interplanetary coronal mass ejection propagation from the Sun to the heliosphere: Solar event of 12 May 1997 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETIC-FIELD CHANGES; SPACE WEATHER EVENT; MHD SIMULATION; SOHO/EIT OBSERVATIONS; WIND; EARTH; CME; TIME; FLOW; STREAMER AB A newly developed hybrid code, HAFv.2+3DMHD, that combines two simulation codes, Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry code version 2 (HAFv.2) and a fully three-dimensional (3-D), time-dependent MHD simulation code, is used to study the global interplanetary coronal mass ejection (ICME) from the 12 May 1997 solar event. The solar wind structure is first simulated from the photosphere (1 solar radius, Rs) out to 2.5 Rs. The first step is derived from daily solar magnetograms. The HAFv.2 code is then used from 2.5 Rs to provide input at 18 Rs (0.08 AU) for the three-dimensional MHD code that calculates the evolution of solar wind plasma and interplanetary magnetic field beyond this distance into the heliosphere. A dynamic disturbance, mimicking the flare's energy output from the 12 May 1997 solar event, is then delivered to this quiescent nonuniform heliospheric structure to model the evolution and interplanetary propagation of the ICME (including its shock). We compare the derived ICME velocity and number density with the Wind spacecraft observations near Earth. We integrate the line-of-sight density in the plane of sky to compare with the white light brightness data observed by the Large-Angle Spectrometric Coronograph (LASCO) instrument on SOHO. This simulation will provide a tool to link the general cases of ICME at 1 AU to their solar sources, as well as to identify the possible origins of shock formation due to CMEs and CME/corotating interaction region interactions. In the case of complex or interacting ejecta, model interpretation is often required to accurately determine the solar sources of the ejecta at 1 AU. Because this newly developed model is performed using 3-D MHD, its results can be extended to simulate coronal and heliospheric observations, including the ambient medium's nonuniformity provided by the HAFv.2 model, from the recently launched Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) mission. C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Space Weather, Beijing, Peoples R China. Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, R E SE, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RP Wu, CC (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Space Plasma & Aeron Res, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM wuc@cspar.uah.edu; gfry@expi.com; wus@cspar.uah.edu; murray.dryer@noaa.gov; kan.liou@jhuapl.edu RI Liou, Kan/C-2089-2016 OI Liou, Kan/0000-0001-5277-7688 NR 32 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 22 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A9 AR A09104 DI 10.1029/2006JA012211 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 213TP UT WOS:000249690300003 ER PT J AU Chan, ER Striolo, A McCabe, C Cummings, PT Glotzer, SC AF Chan, Elaine R. Striolo, Alberto McCabe, Clare Cummings, Peter T. Glotzer, Sharon C. TI Coarse-grained force field for simulating polymer-tethered silsesquioxane self-assembly in solution SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; POLYHEDRAL OLIGOMERIC SISLESQUIOXANES; AUTOMATIC SIMPLEX OPTIMIZATION; DISSIPATIVE PARTICLE DYNAMICS; FIT STRUCTURAL-PROPERTIES; PERTURBATION-THEORY; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; LIPID-BILAYERS; POTENTIALS; MODEL AB A coarse-grained model has been developed for simulating the self-assembly of nonyl-tethered polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) nanoparticles in solution. A mapping scheme for groups of atoms in the atomistic molecule onto beads in the coarse-grained model was established. The coarse-grained force field consists of solvent-mediated effective interaction potentials that were derived via a structural-based coarse-graining numerical iteration scheme. The force field was obtained from initial guesses that were refined through two different iteration algorithms. The coarse-graining scheme was validated by comparing the aggregation of POSS molecules observed in simulations of the coarse-grained model to that observed in all-atom simulations containing explicit solvent. At 300 K the effective coarse-grained potentials obtained from different initial guesses are comparable to each other. At 400 K the differences between the force fields obtained from different initial guesses, although small, are noticeable. The use of a different iteration algorithm employing identical initial guesses resulted in the same overall effective potentials for bare cube corner bead sites. In both the coarse-grained and all-atom simulations, small aggregates of POSS molecules were observed with similar local packings of the silsesquioxane cages and tether conformations. The coarse-grained model afforded a savings in computing time of roughly two orders of magnitude. Further comparisons were made between the coarse-grained monotethered POSS model developed here and a minimal model developed in earlier work. The results suggest that the interactions between POSS cages are long ranged and are captured by the coarse-grained model developed here. The minimal model is suitable for capturing the local intermolecular packing of POSS cubes at short separation distances. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Chan, ER (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elaine.chan@nist.gov; astriolo@ou.edu; c.mccabe@vanderbilt.edu; peter.cummings@vanderbilt.edu; sglotzer@umich.edu RI Striolo, Alberto/G-2926-2011; McCabe, Clare/I-8017-2012; Cummings, Peter/B-8762-2013 OI McCabe, Clare/0000-0002-8552-9135; Cummings, Peter/0000-0002-9766-2216 NR 62 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 11 AR 114102 DI 10.1063/1.2753493 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 213KZ UT WOS:000249667400008 PM 17887823 ER PT J AU Schneider, H Vogelhuber, KM Weber, JM AF Schneider, Holger Vogelhuber, Kristen M. Weber, J. Mathias TI Infrared spectroscopy of anionic hydrated fluorobenzenes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ARGON PREDISSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; IONIC HYDROGEN-BOND; VIBRATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; WATER CLUSTERS; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRON-AFFINITIES; X-CENTER-DOT-H2O X; AROMATIC-MOLECULES; NAPHTHALENE ANION; BINARY COMPLEXES AB We investigate the structural motifs of anionic hydrated fluorobenzenes by infrared photodissociation spectroscopy and density functional theory. Our calculations show that all fluorobenzene anions under investigation are strongly distorted from the neutral planar molecular geometries. In the anions, different F atoms are no longer equivalent, providing structurally different binding sites for water molecules and giving rise to a multitude of low-lying isomers. The absorption bands for hexa- and pentafluorobenzene show that only one isomer for the respective monohydrate complexes is populated in our experiment. For C6F6-center dot H2O, we can assign these bands to an isomer where water forms a weak double ionic hydrogen bond with two F atoms in the ion, in accord with the results of Bowen [J. Chem. Phys. 127, 014312 (2007), following paper.] The spectroscopic motif of the binary complexes changes slightly with decreasing fluorination of the aromatic anion. For dihydrated hexafluorobenzene anions, several isomers are populated in our experiments, some of which may be due to hydrogen bonding between water molecules. C1 Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu RI Vogelhuber, Kristen/L-9569-2013; Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009 OI Vogelhuber, Kristen/0000-0002-8439-4013; Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886 NR 39 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 11 AR 114311 DI 10.1063/1.2768348 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 213KZ UT WOS:000249667400026 PM 17887841 ER PT J AU Zolot, AM Nesbitt, DJ AF Zolot, A. M. Nesbitt, D. J. TI Quantum state resolved scattering dynamics of F+HCl -> HF(v,J)+Cl SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL-ENERGY SURFACES; DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EXPERIMENTS; PRECURSOR COMPLEX CL(P-2)-HF; DEUTERIUM-ISOTOPE VARIANTS; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; AB-INITIO CALCULATIONS; DER-WAALS COMPLEXES; REACTIVE SCATTERING; HYDROGEN-FLUORIDE AB State-to-state reaction dynamics of the reaction F+HCl -> HF(v,J)+Cl have been studied under single-collision conditions using an intense discharge F atom source in crossed supersonic molecular beams at E(com)=4.3(1.3) kcal/mol. Nascent HF product is monitored by shot-noise limited direct infrared laser absorption, providing quantum state distributions as well as additional information on kinetic energy release from high resolution Dopplerimetry. The vibrational distributions are highly inverted, with 34(4)%, 44(2)%, and 8(1)% of the total population in upsilon(HF)=1, 2, and 3, respectively, consistent with predominant energy release into the newly formed bond. However, there is a small [14(1)%] but significant formation channel into the upsilon(HF)=0 ground state, which is directly detectable for the first time via direct absorption methods. Of particular dynamical interest, both the HF(upsilon=2,J) and HF(upsilon=1,J) populations exhibit strongly bimodal J distributions. These results differ significantly from previous flow and arrested-relaxation studies and may signal the presence of microscopic branching in the reaction dynamics. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zolot, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Zolot, Alexander/C-7450-2013 NR 95 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 11 AR 114319 DI 10.1063/1.2770464 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 213KZ UT WOS:000249667400034 PM 17887849 ER PT J AU Hieb, AR Halsey, WA Betterton, MD Perkins, TT Kugel, JF Goodrich, JA AF Hieb, Aaron R. Halsey, Wayne A. Betterton, Meredith D. Perkins, Thomas T. Kugel, Jennifer F. Goodrich, James A. TI TFIIA changes the conformation of the DNA in TBP/TATA complexes and increases their kinetic stability SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE TATA binding protein (TBP); TFIIA; fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET); DNA bending; transcription ID TATA-BINDING-PROTEIN; RNA-POLYMERASE-II; YEAST TFIIA/TBP/DNA COMPLEX; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; MINOR-GROOVE; HYPERTHERMOPHILIC ARCHAEON; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; ACTIVATED TRANSCRIPTION; PROMOTER DNA; SEQUENCE AB Eukaryotic mRNA transcription by RNA polymerase 11 is a highly regulated complex reaction involving numerous proteins. In order to control tissue and promoter specific gene expression, transcription factors must work in concert with each other and with the promoter DNA to form the proper architecture to activate the gene of interest. The TATA binding protein (TBP) binds to TATA boxes in core promoters and bends the TATA DNA. We have used quantitative solution fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) formation of the DNA in TBP/TATA complexes and on the kinetic stability of these complexes. Our results indicate that human TFIIA decreases the angle to which human TBP bends consensus TATA DNA from 104 degrees to 80 degrees when calculated using a two-kink model. The kinetic stability of TBP/TATA complexes was greatly reduced by increasing the KCl concentration from 50 mM to 140 mM, which is more physiologically relevant. TFIIA significantly enhanced the kinetic stability of TBP/TATA complexes, thereby attenuating the effect of higher salt concentrations. We also found TBP bent non-consensus TATA DNA to a lesser degree than consensus were kinetically unstable even at 50 mM KCl. Interestingly, TFIIA increased the calculated bend angle and kinetic stability of complexes on a nonconsensus TATA box, making them similar to those on a consensus TATA box. Our data show that TFIIA induces a conformational change within the TBP/TATA complex that enhances its stability under both in vitro and physiological salt conditions. Furthermore, we present a refined model for the effect that TFIIA has on DNA conformation that takes into account potential changes in bend angle as well as twist angle. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mol Cellular & Dev Biol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Goodrich, JA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, 215 UCB Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM james.goodrich@colorado.edu OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490; Betterton, Meredith D./0000-0002-5430-5518 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [T32 GM065103] NR 45 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 8 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-2836 J9 J MOL BIOL JI J. Mol. Biol. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 372 IS 3 BP 619 EP 632 DI 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.06.061 PG 14 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 210ZT UT WOS:000249494800006 PM 17681538 ER PT J AU Nasonov, N Zhukova, P Hubbell, JH AF Nasonov, N. Zhukova, P. Hubbell, J. H. TI Anomalous properties of quasi-Cherenkov radiation for Bragg scattering geometry SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Radiation Physics CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, PORTUGAL HO Univ Coimbra DE quasi-Cherenkov radiation; dynamical diffraction; Cherenkov effect ID PARAMETRIC X-RAYS; VELOCITY DIRECTION; EMITTING PARTICLE AB Quasi-Cherenkov radiation from relativistic electrons moving through a periodic multilayered nanostructure is considered. Such effects as the emission suppression with increase in the thickness of the target, the elimination of this effect due to strong dispersion of target's dielectric susceptibility, and the growth of the role of anomalous photoabsorption in the vicinity of a photoabsorption edge are the subjects of this investigation. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Belgorod State Univ, Lab Radiat Phys, Belgorod 308007, Russia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nasonov, N (reprint author), Belgorod State Univ, Lab Radiat Phys, 14 Studencheskaya St, Belgorod 308007, Russia. EM nnn@bsu.edu.ru NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 580 IS 1 BP 29 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.05.033 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 214MF UT WOS:000249741300008 ER PT J AU Hudson, LT Gillaspy, JD Pomeroy, JM Szabo, CI Tan, JN Radics, B Takacs, E Chander, CT Kimpton, JA Kinnane, MN Smale, LF AF Hudson, L. T. Gillaspy, J. D. Pomeroy, J. M. Szabo, C. I. Tan, J. N. Radics, B. Takacs, E. Chander, C. T. Kimpton, J. A. Kinnane, M. N. Smale, L. F. TI Detection of faint X-ray spectral features using wavelength, energy, and spatial discrimination techniques SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Radiation Physics CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, PORTUGAL HO Univ Coimbra DE X-ray spectroscopy; highly charged ions; CCD imaging; crystal spectroscopy; cosmic ray removal ID SPECTROMETER AB We report here our methods and results of measurements of very low-signal X-ray spectra produced by highly charged ions in an electron beam ion trap (EBIT). A megapixel Si charge-coupled device (CCD) camera was used in a direct-detection, single-photon-counting mode to image spectra with a cylindrically bent Ge(2 2 0) crystal spectrometer. The resulting wavelength-dispersed spectra were then processed using several intrinsic features of CCD images and image-analysis techniques. We demonstrate the ability to clearly detect very faint spectral features that are on the order of the noise due to cosmic-ray background signatures in our images. These techniques remove extraneous signal due to muon tracks and other sources, and are coupled with the spectrometer wavelength dispersion and atomic-structure calculations of hydrogen-like Ti to identify the energy of a faint line that was not in evidence before applying the methods outlined here. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Debrecen, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic 3010, Australia. RP Hudson, LT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM larry.hudson@nist.gov RI Chantler, Christopher/D-4744-2013; OI Chantler, Christopher/0000-0001-6608-0048; Radics, Balint/0000-0002-8978-1725 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 580 IS 1 BP 33 EP 36 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.05.034 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 214MF UT WOS:000249741300009 ER PT J AU Kimpton, JA Kinnane, MN Smale, LF Chantler, CT Hudson, LT Henins, A Szabo, CI Gillaspy, JD Tan, JN Pomeroy, JM Takacs, E Radics, B AF Kimpton, J. A. Kinnane, M. N. Smale, L. F. Chantler, C. T. Hudson, L. T. Henins, A. Szabo, C. I. Gillaspy, J. D. Tan, J. N. Pomeroy, J. M. Takacs, E. Radics, B. TI Data acquisition system development for the detection of X-ray photons in multi-wire gas proportional counters SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Radiation Physics CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, PORTUGAL HO Univ Coimbra DE data acquisition; X-ray detectors; photon counting; electronic signal processing; X-ray spectroscopy AB A new data acquisition system coupled to a backgammon-type gas proportional counter capable of single-photon counting over a wide range of count rates has been developed and replaces a CAMAC-based system. The new apparatus possesses improved architecture, interface technology, speed and diagnostic capability. System efficiency and throughput is significantly improved, especially in addressing earlier problems of hardware buffer downloads containing zero or repeat data and inefficient gating control. The new system is a PXI-based data acquisition apparatus including additional electronics, controlled by a graphical programming environment. It allows development of superior diagnostic tools for system optimisation and more stable performance. System efficiency is improved by 10% over a wide range of count rates (0. 5 Hz-50 kHz). For the Backgammon Detector type, this represents a significant improvement in performance and applicability over previous systems. Characteristic and few-electron spectra collected on the new acquisition system are illustrated. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Debrecen, Expt Phys Dept, H-4026 Debrecen, Hungary. RP Kimpton, JA (reprint author), Univ Melbourne, Sch Phys, Parkville, Vic 3010, Australia. EM jkimpton@unimelb.edu.au RI Chantler, Christopher/D-4744-2013 OI Chantler, Christopher/0000-0001-6608-0048 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 580 IS 1 BP 246 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.05.093 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 214MF UT WOS:000249741300064 ER PT J AU Tosh, RE Chen-Mayer, HH AF Tosh, R. E. Chen-Mayer, H. H. TI Frequency-domain characterization of heat conduction in sealed water calorimeters SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Symposium on Radiation Physics CY SEP 17-22, 2006 CL Univ Coimbra, Coimbra, PORTUGAL HO Univ Coimbra DE absorbed dose to water; finite-element modeling; heat transfer; radiation dosimetry; water calorimetry AB Over the past 10 years, water calorimetry has been adopted widely by national metrology institutes as a primary reference standard for measuring absorbed dose to water in clinical radiotherapy beams. The first such instrument was built at NIST in the early 1990s for use in Co-60, and, since then, the domain of application has been extended elsewhere for use with high-energy X-rays and electrons. A second-generation water calorimeter has been designed and built for NIST to meet new challenges with the aid of newer and more sophisticated electronics and computing tools, though heat transfer artifacts inherent to calorimeters of a similar design still persist. Such artifacts conventionally are corrected by means of computer simulations of calorimeter response to heat input whose spatial and temporal characteristics approximate experimental conditions. The correction factors thus obtained exhibit a complicated time dependence that is sensitive to the initial temperature distribution. Therefore, experimental runs typically incorporate long equilibration intervals during which the phantom is stirred, in order to remove thermal gradients. In the present work, we explore the feasibility of using frequency-domain techniques to measure the stationary spectral characteristics of the desired signal and heat transport effects. By modulating the radiation beam and employing Fourier analysis, we obtain a system transfer function that accounts for the systematic bias at all radiation time intervals. The system transfer function is investigated with a one-dimensional analytical model which produces exact agreement with finite-element simulation. The latter is found to be in qualitative agreement with experimental data when using a two-dimensional model. These results suggest that heat-conduction artifacts may be corrected parametrically for arbitrary irradiation conditions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tosh, RE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Ronald.Tosh@nist.gov NR 2 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 580 IS 1 BP 594 EP 597 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.05.230 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 214MF UT WOS:000249741300152 ER PT J AU Deng, H Solomon, GS Hey, R Ploog, KH Yamamoto, Y AF Deng, Hui Solomon, Glenn S. Hey, Rudolf Ploog, Klaus H. Yamamoto, Yoshihisa TI Spatial coherence of a polariton condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; SEMICONDUCTOR MICROCAVITY; EXCITON POLARITONS; DIMENSIONS; EMISSION; MODELS; GAS AB We perform Young's double-slit experiment to study the spatial coherence properties of a two-dimensional dynamic condensate of semiconductor microcavity polaritons. The coherence length of the system is measured as a function of the pump rate, which confirms a spontaneous buildup of macroscopic coherence in the condensed phase. An independent measurement reveals that the position and momentum uncertainty product of the condensate is close to the Heisenberg limit. An experimental realization of such a minimum uncertainty wave packet of the polariton condensate opens a door to coherent matter-wave phenomena such as Josephson oscillation, superfluidity, and solitons in solid state condensate systems. C1 Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Paul Drude Inst Festkorperelekt, D-10117 Berlin, Germany. Natl Inst Informat, Tokyo, Japan. RP Deng, H (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. RI Deng, Hui/A-7115-2009; Deng, Hui/E-8950-2010; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa/A-2811-2012 OI Deng, Hui/0000-0003-0629-3230; NR 30 TC 75 Z9 76 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 12 AR 126403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.126403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 213LE UT WOS:000249668000053 PM 17930529 ER PT J AU Hume, DB Rosenband, T Wineland, DJ AF Hume, D. B. Rosenband, T. Wineland, D. J. TI High-fidelity adaptive qubit detection through repetitive quantum nondemolition measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID REGISTER; ISSUES; JUMPS; IONS AB Using two trapped ion species (Al-27(+) and Be-9(+)) as primary and ancillary quantum systems, we implement qubit measurements based on the repetitive transfer of information and quantum nondemolition detection. The repetition provides a natural mechanism for an adaptive measurement strategy, which leads to exponentially lower error rates compared to using a fixed number of detection cycles. For a single qubit we demonstrate 99.94% measurement fidelity. We also demonstrate a technique for adaptively measuring multiple qubit states using a single ancilla, and apply the technique to spectroscopy of an optical clock transition. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hume, DB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 23 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 12 AR 120502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.120502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 213LE UT WOS:000249668000009 PM 17930485 ER PT J AU Cipiriano, BH Kashiwagi, T Raghavan, SR Yang, Y Grulke, EA Yamamoto, K Shields, JR Douglas, JF AF Cipiriano, Bani H. Kashiwagi, Takashi Raghavan, Srinivasa R. Yang, Ying Grulke, Eric A. Yamamoto, Kazuya Shields, John R. Douglas, Jack F. TI Effects of aspect ratio of MWNT on the flammability properties of polymer nanocomposites SO POLYMER LA English DT Article DE aspect ratio; flammability; nanocomposites ID CARBON NANOTUBE NANOCOMPOSITES; COMPOSITES; CONDUCTIVITY; DEGRADATION; DISPERSION; NETWORKS; BEHAVIOR AB The effects of the aspect ratio of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on the rheology and flammability of polystyrene/MWNT nano-composites are studied using two MWNTs having average aspect ratios (length to outer diameter) of 49 and 150. Dynamic theological experiments show that the particles with the larger aspect ratio impart much higher storage moduli and complex viscosities to the nanocomposites compared to equivalent mass loadings of particles with the smaller aspect ratio. Additionally, in flammability experiments, the larger aspect ratio particles lead to a greater reduction in mass loss rate, i.e., they are more effective at reducing flammability. These results demonstrate that the aspect ratio of MWNTs is a key parameter in controlling the rheology and flammability of polymer nanocomposites. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem & Mat Engn, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kashiwagi, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM takashi.kashiwagi@nist.gov RI Cipriano, Bani/G-9239-2011 NR 35 TC 92 Z9 96 U1 0 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0032-3861 J9 POLYMER JI Polymer PD SEP 21 PY 2007 VL 48 IS 20 BP 6086 EP 6096 DI 10.1016/j.polymer.2007.07.070 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 219HX UT WOS:000250076600029 ER PT J AU Thornton, BF Toohey, DW Tuck, AF Elkins, JW Kelly, KK Hovde, SJ Richard, EC Rosenlof, KH Thompson, TL Mahoney, MJ Wilson, JC AF Thornton, Brett F. Toohey, Darin W. Tuck, A. F. Elkins, J. W. Kelly, K. K. Hovde, S. J. Richard, E. C. Rosenlof, K. H. Thompson, T. L. Mahoney, M. J. Wilson, J. C. TI Chlorine activation near the midlatitude tropopause SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; STRATOSPHERIC OZONE DEPLETION; HEMISPHERE LOWER STRATOSPHERE; HETEROGENEOUS CHEMISTRY; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CIRRUS CLOUDS; PARTICLE FORMATION; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; SULFATE AEROSOLS; ER-2 AIRCRAFT AB [1] We report on substantial chlorine activation near the midlatitude tropopause over the central United States (39-42 degrees N 102-105 degrees W) during the WB-57F Aerosol Mission (WAM) in April 1998. The extent of activation was determined by simultaneous in situ measurements of ClO and ozone and calculations of total inorganic chlorine (Cl-y) based on recently reported relationships between HCl, ozone, and halocarbons for similar latitudes. Levels of [ClO]/[Cly] approaching 50% occurred in a region of strong gravity wave activity, high particulate surface areas (5-20 mu m 2 cm(-3)), low ozone, and relatively high humidities (20-25 ppm of H2O, yet undersaturated with respect to ice), consistent with a heterogeneous mechanism on particles formed in recently lofted tropospheric air as it mixed into the lowermost stratosphere. These observations are similar to a previous one of chlorine activation on volcanic aerosol, suggesting a common heterogeneous chemical mechanism involving HCl, ClNO3, and HOCl that even in volcanically quiescent years can impact ozone photochemistry in regions of the lowermost stratosphere influenced by mixing from the tropopause region. Models not incorporating this chlorine activation process may be underestimating the impact on ozone in the midlatitude lowermost stratosphere by decomposition of very short lived halocarbon compounds, including substitutes for ozone-depleting compounds. C1 Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. CALTECH, NASA, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Thornton, BF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Toohey, Darin/A-4267-2008; Rosenlof, Karen/B-5652-2008; Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Toohey, Darin/0000-0003-2853-1068; Rosenlof, Karen/0000-0002-0903-8270; Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538; NR 70 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D18 AR D18306 DI 10.1029/2006JD007640 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 213RQ UT WOS:000249685200001 ER PT J AU Rajakumar, B Flad, JE Gierczak, T Ravishankara, AR Burkholder, JB AF Rajakumar, B. Flad, Jonathan E. Gierczak, Tomasz Ravishankara, A. R. Burkholder, James B. TI Visible absorption spectrum of the CH(3)CO radical SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID RATE COEFFICIENTS; TROPOSPHERIC CONDITIONS; PRESSURE-DEPENDENCE; CROSS-SECTIONS; PRODUCT YIELDS; CAVITY RING; OH RADICALS; 296 K; ACETONE; PHOTOLYSIS AB The visible absorption spectrum of the acetyl radical, CH(3)CO, was measured between 490 and 660 nm at 298 K using cavity ring-down spectroscopy. Gas-phase CH(3)CO radicals were produced using several methods including: (1) 248 nm pulsed laser photolysis of acetone (CH(3)C(O)CH(3)) methyl ethyl ketone (MEK, CH(3)C(O)CH(2)CH(3)) and biacetyl (CH(3)C(O)C(O)CH(3)) (2) Cl + CH(3)C(O)H -> CH(3)C(O) + HCI with Cl atoms produced via pulsed laser photolysis or in a discharge flow tube, and (3) OH + CH(3)C(O)H -> CH(3)CO + H(2)O with two different pulsed laser photolysis sources of OH radicals. The CH(3)CO absorption spectrum was assigned on the basis of the consistency of the spectra obtained from the different CH(3)CO sources and agreement of the measured rate coefficients for the reaction of the absorbing species with 02 and 03 with literature values for the CH(3)CO + O(2) + M and CH(3)CO + O(3) reactions. The CH(3)CO absorption spectrum between 490 and 660 nm has a broad peak centered near 535 nm and shows no discernible structure. The absorption cross section of CH(3)CO at 532 nm was measured to be (1.1 +/- 0.2) x 10(-19) cm(2) molecule(-1) (base e). C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI B, Rajakumar/H-3479-2011; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 36 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 20 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 37 BP 8950 EP 8958 DI 10.1021/jp073339h PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 211CJ UT WOS:000249501600007 PM 17705457 ER PT J AU Frierson, DMW Lu, J Chen, G AF Frierson, Dargan M. W. Lu, Jian Chen, Gang TI Width of the Hadley cell in simple and comprehensive general circulation models SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE ADJUSTMENT SCHEME; STATIC STABILITY; STORM TRACKS; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS; ATMOSPHERE; MECHANISMS; CYCLE; GCM AB The width of the Hadley cell is studied over a wide range of climate regimes using both simple and comprehensive atmospheric general circulation models. Aquaplanet, fixed sea surface temperature lower boundary conditions are used in both models to study the response of the Hadley cell width to changes in both global mean temperature and pole-to-equator temperature gradient. The primary sensitivity of both models is a large expansion of the Hadley cell with increased mean temperature. The models also exhibit a smaller increase in width with temperature gradient. The Hadley cell widths agree well with a scaling theory by Held which assumes that the width is determined by the latitude where baroclinic eddies begin to occur. As surface temperatures are warmed, the latitude of baroclinic instability onset is shifted poleward due to increases in the static stability of the subtropics, which is increased in an atmosphere with higher moisture content. C1 Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Frierson, DMW (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Dept Geophys Sci, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM frierson@geosci.uchicago.edu; jianlu@ucar.edu; gchen@princeton.edu RI Frierson, Dargan/F-1763-2010; Chen, Gang/I-3305-2012 OI Frierson, Dargan/0000-0001-8952-5644; Chen, Gang/0000-0003-4934-1909 NR 28 TC 102 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 24 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 19 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 18 AR L18804 DI 10.1029/2007GL031115 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 213QZ UT WOS:000249683500005 ER PT J AU Lysaght, PS Woicik, JC Sahiner, MA Lee, BH Jammy, R AF Lysaght, Patrick S. Woicik, Joseph C. Sahiner, M. Alper Lee, Byoung-Hun Jammy, Raj TI Characterizing crystalline polymorph transitions in HfO2 by extended x-ray absorption fine-structure spectroscopy SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZIRCONIA; ZRO2; HAFNIA AB Atomic layer deposited HfO2 films on Si(100) substrates have been measured by extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS), pre- and postanneal processing. Analysis of the second coordination shell indicates an increase in atomic order with increasing film thickness for each anneal temperature and with increasing anneal temperature for each film thickness. Fourier transformed EXAFS spectra fit with HfO2 reference phases have identified orthorhombic to tetragonal to monoclinic transformations. Evidence for greater retention of the higher permittivity metastable tetragonal phase corresponding to thinner HfO2 films is consistent with a surface energy effect giving rise to the critical grain size phenomenon. C1 SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. SEMATECH, IBM Assignee, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Lysaght, PS (reprint author), SEMATECH, 2706 Montopolis Dr, Austin, TX 78741 USA. EM pat.lysaght@sematech.org NR 21 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 17 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 12 AR 122910 DI 10.1063/1.2789180 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 213KY UT WOS:000249667200083 ER PT J AU Landrum, PF Robinson, SD Gossiaux, DC You, J Lydy, MJ Mitra, S Ten Hulscher, TEM AF Landrum, Peter F. Robinson, Sander D. Gossiaux, Duane C. You, Jing Lydy, Michael J. Mitra, Siddhartha Ten Hulscher, Theodora E. M. TI Predicting bioavailability of sediment-associated organic contaminants for Diporeia spp. and Oligochaetes SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; BLACK CARBON; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS; LAKE-MICHIGAN; EXTRACTION; DESORPTION; WATER AB Biota-sediment accumulation factors (BSAF) were calculated for Diporeia spp. and oligochaete worms exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from field-collected sediment. These data were compared to the contaminant fraction extracted from sediment with Tenax resin using a 24 h extraction. A previous laboratory study suggested a linear relationship between log BSAF and the contaminant fraction rapidly desorbed from sediment. However, the BSAF data in our study did not fit this relationship. Better predictive regressions for both PCBs and PAHs were found when the log of the lipid-normalized organism contaminant concentrations were plotted against the log of the Tenax-extracted organic carbon-normalized sediment contaminant concentration. Regression lines for the two species had the same slope, but the Diporeia intercept was 2.3 times larger. When adjusted for a 6 h Tenax extraction, based on a regression between 6 and 24 h Tenax extractions, data from this study and two other studies that included multiple oligochaete species fit a single predictive regression. The exception included some PAHs that fell below the regression line. Thus, a single relationship generally predicted bioaccumulation across sediments, compound classes, oligochaete species, and among laboratories. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. Inst Inland Water Management & Waste Water Treatme, NL-8200 Lelystad, Netherlands. RP Landrum, PF (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM peter.landrum@noaa.gov RI You, Jing/A-6201-2009 OI You, Jing/0000-0002-4006-8339 NR 31 TC 39 Z9 44 U1 5 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 18 BP 6442 EP 6447 DI 10.1021/es0706807 PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 211CA UT WOS:000249500700026 PM 17948791 ER PT J AU Copeland, P Watson, EB Urizar, SC Patterson, D Lapen, TJ AF Copeland, Peter Watson, E. Bruce Urizar, S. Cristina Patterson, Desmond Lapen, Thomas J. TI alpha thermochronology of carbonates SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID LOW-TEMPERATURE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; FISSION-TRACK ANALYSIS; HELIUM DIFFUSION; U-PB; (U-TH)/HE THERMOCHRONOMETRY; HE DIFFUSION; APATITE; CALCITE; MINERALS; ZIRCON AB Step-heating experiments on 17 calcites from 11 different samples and 6 dolomites from 5 samples suggest a closure temperature of He in carbonates similar to 70 +/- 10 degrees C for a cooling rate of 10 degrees C/m.y. The bulk closure temperature in some samples may tend slightly higher due to the presence of diffusion domains larger (and therefore more retentive) than the sites in which the majority of He resides. The diffusivity of He in calcite is independent of the genesis of the mineral (igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic) or the source of the He (radiogenic, common, or laboratory induced) and in all samples analyzed the effective diffusion dimension for He is smaller than the size of the crystals investigated. Although calcite is a low-U mineral, this shortcoming can be overcome by analyzing large samples (>2 mm diameter) provided samples have a minimum of similar to 0.3 ppm U; samples with smaller concentrations of alpha-producers are unlikely to produce enough radiogenic He-4 sufficient to overwhelm He present in the crystals at the time they passed through their closure temperature. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77004 USA. Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Troy, NY 12180 USA. Patterson Instruments, Timaru, New Zealand. RP Copeland, P (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Ctr Operat Oceanog Prod & Serv, 1305 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM copeland@uh.edu RI Copeland, Peter/A-9823-2008 NR 60 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 71 IS 18 BP 4488 EP 4511 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2007.07.004 PG 24 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 220OJ UT WOS:000250165700007 ER PT J AU Moon, CK Holmes, GA McDonough, WG AF Moon, C. K. Holmes, G. A. McDonough, W. G. TI The effect of inter-fiber distance on the interfacial properties in E-glass fiber/epoxy model composites SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE interfiber distance; interfacial properties; fragmentation test; matrix crack; damage ID 2-DIMENSIONAL MULTIFIBER MICROCOMPOSITES; FIBER-MATRIX ADHESION; FAILURE PHENOMENA; SHEAR-STRENGTH; STRESS-CONCENTRATIONS; FRAGMENTATION TEST; MICROBOND METHOD; RESIN INTERFACE; PULL-OUT; RAMAN-SPECTROSCOPY AB The effect of interfiber distance on the interfacial properties in E-glass fiber/epoxy resin composites has been investigated using one and two fiber with various interfiber distance fragmentation test specimens. In addition, the effect of the fiber surface treatment on the interfacial properties has been studied. As a result, we found that the interfacial shear strength increased with the increasing of interfiber distances from 0 to 50 mu m and then the ones were saturated regardless of sized and unsized fibers. It was seen that the interfacial shear strengths saturated were in close agreement with those of the single fiber fragmentation tests. We also found that when the interfiber distance was very small, the stress distribution pattern was shown like one fiber, and when the interfiber distance was greater than 50 mu m, the stress distribution pattern was independent on between fibers. Finally, the interfacial shear strength evaluated using two E-glass fiber/epoxy resin fragmentation test method is shown as real values in-site regardless of the fiber surface treatment and interfiber distance. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Pukyong Natl Univ, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Pusan 608737, South Korea. NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moon, CK (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, Div Engn & Mat Sci, Yong Dang Dong, Pusan 608737, South Korea. EM moonck@pknu.ac.kr NR 37 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 5 U2 12 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 105 IS 6 BP 3483 EP 3491 DI 10.1002/app.26415 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 194BX UT WOS:000248320000042 ER PT J AU Uz, BM AF Uz, B. Mete TI What causes the sporadic phytoplankton bloom southeast of Madagascar? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; TRICHODESMIUM SPP.; CYANOBACTERIUM TRICHODESMIUM; NITROGEN-FIXATION; IRON FERTILIZATION; CURRENTS EAST; INDIAN-OCEAN; AVAILABILITY AB A large, dendritic phytoplankton bloom develops in the austral summer of roughly every other year in the Indian Ocean southeast of Madagascar. It starts in February or March and dissipates by the end of April. It was observed in 1997, 1999, 2000, 2002, and 2004 and was absent in 1998, 2001, 2003, and 2005. A. Longhurst, who described it in 2001, suggested that the bloom is caused by the entrainment of nutrient-rich waters into a deepening mixed layer. At the time the bloom had been seen to fail only once, in 1998, and Longhurst attributed that to reduced entrainment due to low winds during the strong La Nina. Since reanalysis winds are not correlated with the occurrence/failure of the bloom, and since the bloom starts before sea surface temperature (SST) peaks and increased chlorophyll is found with high rather than low SST, entrainment is an unlikely cause. Argo float profiles from 2004 show the bloom within a shallow mixed layer over a very strong pycnocline. This indicates that the bloom is caused not by entrainment of nutrient-rich waters from below, but by another mechanism such as nitrogen fixation by diazotrophs that are retained within a shallow, well-lit layer, or nutrient fluxes due to vertically mobile plankton. This bloom is among the strongest features of interannual variability in the ocean color time series, second only to El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)- related variability in terms of both the area effected and magnitude of the anomaly. While the mechanisms with which biology responds to the physical changes associated with ENSO are well-known and rather obvious in the strong correlations with physical indicators such as sea surface height or temperature, the occurrence/failure of a strong Madagascar bloom does not have an obvious correlation with any physical parameter. Of the many variables tested, only the landfall of tropical cyclones on the island of Madagascar correlated with the occurrence of the bloom. A hypothesis is presented, without any proof other than that it explains the location, seasonal timing, interannual variability, and observations of temperature and mixed layer depth, on the basis of the premise that runoff from the island alleviates iron limitation of diazotrophs. Definitive determination of the nature of the bloom will probably require in situ sampling. C1 Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Uz, BM (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Program Off, Global Carbon Cycle Program, 1315 East West Highway,12th Floor,12110 R-CPO, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM baris.uz@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C9 AR C09010 DI 10.1029/2006JC003685 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 211JI UT WOS:000249519700001 ER PT J AU Morton, SL Vershinin, A Leighfield, T Smith, L Quilliam, M AF Morton, Steve L. Vershinin, Alexander Leighfield, Tod Smith, Laurinda Quilliam, Mike TI Identification of yessotoxin in mussels from the Caucasian Black Sea Coast of the Russian Federation SO TOXICON LA English DT Article DE Black Sea; Gonyaulax; Lingulodinium; phytoplankton; yessotoxin ID ADRIATIC SEA; SHELLFISH; TOXINS AB The toxin load of shellfish hepatopancreas harvested from the Caucasian Black Sea Coast of the Russian Federation was investigated. The majority of the toxin load was shown to be yessotoxin (YTX), 45-hydroxy-yessotoxin (45-OH-YTX), and hornoyessotoxin (homoYTX). Concurrent with the mussel intoxication, the dinoflagellates Lingulodinium polyedrum and Gonyaulax spinifera were found in high concentrations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RAS, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow 127220, Russia. Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Marine Biosci, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada. RP Morton, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM steve.morton@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0041-0101 J9 TOXICON JI Toxicon PD SEP 15 PY 2007 VL 50 IS 4 BP 581 EP 584 DI 10.1016/j.toxicon.2007.05.004 PG 4 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 220VB UT WOS:000250184300014 PM 17588631 ER PT J AU Marbukh, V AF Marbukh, V. TI Metastability of fair bandwidth sharing under fluctuating demand and necessity of flow admission control SO ELECTRONICS LETTERS LA English DT Article C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marbukh@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 0013-5194 J9 ELECTRON LETT JI Electron. Lett. PD SEP 13 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 19 BP 1051 EP 1053 DI 10.1049/e1:20070543 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 225OC UT WOS:000250526200029 ER PT J AU Monahan, KP Pan, LL McDonald, AJ Bodeker, GE Wei, J George, SE Barnet, CD Maddy, E AF Monahan, K. P. Pan, L. L. McDonald, A. J. Bodeker, G. E. Wei, J. George, S. E. Barnet, C. D. Maddy, E. TI Validation of AIRS v4 ozone profiles in the UTLS using ozonesondes from Lauder, NZ and Boulder, USA SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NEW-ZEALAND; TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVAL AB Ozonesonde observations from Lauder (45.0 degrees S, 169.7 degrees E) and Boulder (39.9 degrees N, 105.3 degrees W) are used to examine the quality of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) v4 vertical ozone profile product in the upper troposphere lower stratosphere (UTLS). At lower altitudes (similar to 700-200 hPa pressure range), AIRS ozone mixing ratios are larger than ozonesonde measurements, and at higher altitudes (similar to 100-30 hPa pressure range), AIRS ozone mixing ratios are smaller. Compared to the ozonesondes, AIRS retrieval results at Lauder have a median bias of 80% in the region 700-200 hPa, and 0 to -20% in the region 100-30 hPa. For Boulder these values are 40% and 0 to 5%, respectively. Using a tropopause adjusted vertical coordinate system, Lauder has median biases of +90 to +120% in the troposphere and 0 to +25% in the stratosphere whereas Boulder shows median biases of +45 to +70% in the troposphere and 0 to +35% in the stratosphere. Despite the bias, AIRS retrieval in the UTLS region shows a statistically significant positive correlation with the ozonesonde data, indicating that while the absolute values have a large uncertainty, the retrieval captures the variability of ozone in the UTLS region. Hence AIRS ozone is suitable for studies where the change in ozone is important rather than the absolute ozone mixing ratio. Examinations of the training data set show that the retrieval biases are likely influenced by the deficiency of the training data to represent ozone distribution during the regression step of the retrieval. Furthermore the physical retrieval adds little additional information to the final result. C1 Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Natl Environm Satellit, Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Monahan, KP (reprint author), Univ Canterbury, Dept Phys & Astron, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch 8020, New Zealand. EM kpm29@student.canterbury.ac.nz RI Pan, Laura/A-9296-2008; Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; OI Pan, Laura/0000-0001-7377-2114; Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X; McDonald, Adrian/0000-0002-1456-6254 NR 22 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D17 AR D17304 DI 10.1029/2006JD008181 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 211IY UT WOS:000249518700001 ER PT J AU Alken, P Maus, S AF Alken, Patrick Maus, Stefan TI Spatio-temporal characterization of the equatorial electrojet from CHAMP, Orsted, and SAC-C satellite magnetic measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRODYNAMICS; PARAMETERS; LATITUDES; MIDDLE; TIDES AB The equatorial electrojet (EEJ) is an eastward electric current on the day-side, flowing in a narrow band along the dip equator in the ionospheric E region. Recent magnetic observations from the CHAMP, Orsted, and SAC-C satellites, comprising more than 95,000 dip equator crossings from 1999 to 2006, have provided an unprecedented longitudinal coverage of the EEJ magnetic signature. We have used these data to construct an empirical model of the EEJ current climatological mean and day to day variability as a function of longitude, local time, season, and solar flux. Our model has been successfully verified against vertical drift data from the JULIA radar at Jicamarca. We have also used the EEJ observations to estimate the self-correlation of the EEJ, confirming short longitudinal correlation lengths of 15 degrees and finding a temporal correlation length of 2.4 h. Our model's predictions of the eastward electric field and its standard deviation may provide useful input to various kinds of ionospheric simulations. Coefficients and software are available online at http://models.geomag.us/EEJ.html and http://www.earthref.org. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Alken, P (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM patrick.alken@noaa.gov OI Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 NR 34 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD SEP 13 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A9 AR A09305 DI 10.1029/2007JA012524 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 211JP UT WOS:000249520400002 ER PT J AU Donner, LJ Horowitz, LW Fiore, AM Seman, CJ Blake, DR Blake, NJ AF Donner, Leo J. Horowitz, Larry W. Fiore, Arlene M. Seman, Charles J. Blake, Donald R. Blake, Nicola J. TI Transport of radon-222 and methyl iodide by deep convection in the GFDL Global Atmospheric Model AM2 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MIDLATITUDE CONTINENTAL ENVIRONMENT; OBSERVED RADON PROFILES; INCLUDING MASS FLUXES; INTERHEMISPHERIC TRANSPORT; METEOROLOGICAL DATA; MARINE CONVECTION; QUASI-EQUILIBRIUM; TRACER TRANSPORT; SIMULATIONS; PARAMETERIZATION AB Transport of radon-222 and methyl iodide by deep convection is analyzed in the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory ( GFDL) Atmospheric Model 2 ( AM2) using two parameterizations for deep convection. One of these parameterizations represents deep convection as an ensemble of entraining plumes; the other represents deep convection as an ensemble of entraining plumes with associated mesoscale updrafts and downdrafts. Although precipitation patterns are generally similar in AM2 with both parameterizations, the deep convective mass fluxes are more than three times larger in the middle-to upper troposphere for the parameterization consisting only of entraining plumes, but do not extend across the tropopause, unlike the parameterization including mesoscale circulations. The differences in mass fluxes result mainly from a different partitioning between convective and stratiform precipitation; the parameterization including mesoscale circulations detrains considerably more water vapor in the middle troposphere and is associated with more stratiform rain. The distributions of both radon-222 and methyl iodide reflect the different mass fluxes. Relative to observations ( limited by infrequent spatial and temporal sampling), AM2 tends to simulate lower concentrations of radon-222 and methyl iodide in the planetary boundary layer, producing a negative model bias through much of the troposphere, with both cumulus parameterizations. The shapes of the observed profiles suggest that the larger deep convective mass fluxes and associated transport in the parameterization lacking a mesoscale component are less realistic. C1 Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Irvine, CA USA. RP Donner, LJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Forrestal Campus,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM leo.j.donner@noaa.gov RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 NR 42 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D17 AR D17303 DI 10.1029/2006JD007548 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 211IX UT WOS:000249518600001 ER PT J AU Zupanski, D Denning, AS Uliasz, M Zupanski, M Schuh, AE Rayner, PJ Peters, W Corbin, KD AF Zupanski, Dusanka Denning, A. Scott Uliasz, Marek Zupanski, Milija Schuh, Andrew E. Rayner, Peter J. Peters, Wouter Corbin, Katherine D. TI Carbon flux bias estimation employing maximum likelihood ensemble filter (MLEF) SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; KALMAN FILTER; VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; PART I; MODEL; TRANSPORT AB We evaluate the capability of an ensemble based data assimilation approach, referred to as Maximum Likelihood Ensemble Filter (MLEF), to estimate biases in the CO(2) photosynthesis and respiration fluxes. We employ an off-line Lagrangian Particle Dispersion Model (LPDM), which is driven by the carbon fluxes, obtained from the Simple Biosphere -Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (SiB-RAMS). The SiB-RAMS carbon fluxes are assumed to have errors in the form of multiplicative biases. Our goal is to estimate and reduce these biases and also to assign reliable posterior uncertainties to the estimated biases. Experiments of this study are performed using simulated CO(2) observations, which resemble real CO(2) concentrations from the Ring of Towers in northern Wisconsin. We evaluate the MLEF results with respect to the "truth'' and the Kalman Filter (KF) solution. The KF solution is considered theoretically optimal for the problem of this study, which is a linear data assimilation problem involving Gaussian errors. We also evaluate the impact of forecast error covariance localization based on a new "distance'' defined in the space of information measures. Experimental results are encouraging, indicating that the MLEF can successfully estimate carbon flux biases and their uncertainties. As expected, the estimated biases are closer to the "true'' biases in the experiments with more ensemble members and more observations. The data assimilation algorithm has a stable performance and converges smoothly to the KF solution when the ensemble size approaches the size of the model state vector (i. e., the control variable of the data assimilation problem). C1 Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Lab Sci Climate & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zupanski, D (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM zupanski@cira.colostate.edu RI Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; Denning, Scott/F-4974-2011 OI Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; Denning, Scott/0000-0003-3032-7875 NR 44 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D17 AR D17107 DI 10.1029/2006JD008371 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 211IX UT WOS:000249518600006 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH Hawa, T Kan, HC Phaneuf, RJ Zachariah, MR AF Tsai, D-H Hawa, T. Kan, H-C Phaneuf, R. J. Zachariah, M. R. TI Spatial and size-resolved electrostatic-directed deposition of nanoparticles on a field-generating substrate: theoretical and experimental analysis SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GAS-PHASE; NANOXEROGRAPHY; MICROSCOPY; SIMULATION AB We build on our prior work on electrostatically directed nanoparticle assembly on a field-generating substrate (Tsai et al 2005 Nanotechnology 16 1856-62). In this paper we develop a data set for particle size-resolved deposition, from which a Brownian dynamics model for the process can be evaluated. We have developed a trajectory model applied to positioning metal nanoparticles from the gas phase onto electrostatic patterns generated by biasing p-n junction substrates. Brownian motion and fluid convection of nanoparticles, as well as the interactions between the charged nanoparticles and the patterned substrate, including electrostatic force, image force and van der Waals force, are accounted for in the simulation. Using both experiment and simulation we have investigated the effects of the particle size, electric field intensity, and the convective flow on coverage selectivity. Coverage selectivity is most sensitive to electric field, which is controlled by the applied reverse bias voltage across the p-n junction. A non-dimensional analysis of the competition between the electrostatic and diffusion force is found to provide a means to collapse a wide range of process operating conditions and is an effective indicator of process performance. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Han, Kyuhee/B-6201-2009; Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012 OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007 NR 23 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD SEP 12 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 36 AR 365201 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/36/365201 PG 10 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 207WW UT WOS:000249282800003 ER PT J AU Grilley, D Misra, V Caliskan, G Draper, DE AF Grilley, Dan Misra, Vinod Caliskan, Gokhan Draper, David E. TI Importance of partially unfolded conformations for Mg2+-lnduced folding of RNA tertiary structure: Structural models and free energies of Mg2+ interactions SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID RIBOSOMAL-PROTEIN L11; BINDING FREE-ENERGY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; GROUP-I RIBOZYME; POISSON-BOLTZMANN; MONOVALENT CATIONS; THERMODYNAMIC FRAMEWORK; MAGNESIUM BINDING; DNA-BINDING; DOMAIN AB RNA molecules in monovalent salt solutions generally adopt a set of partially folded conformations containing only secondary structure, the intermediate or I state. Addition of Mg2+ strongly stabilizes the native tertiary structure (N state) relative to the I state. In this paper, a combination of experimental and computational approaches is used to estimate the free energy of the interaction of Mg2+ with partially folded I state RNAs and to consider the possibility that Mg2+ favors "compaction" of the I state to a set of conformations with a higher average charge density. A sequence variant with a drastically destabilized tertiary structure was used as a mimic of I state RNA; as measured by small-angle X-ray scattering, it adopted a progressively more compact conformation over a wide Mg2+ concentration range. Average free energies of the interaction of Mg2+ with the I state mimic were obtained by a fluorescence titration method. To interpret these experimental data further, we generated molecular models of the I state and used them in calculations with the nonlinear Poisson-Boltzmarm equation to estimate the change in Mg2+-RNA interaction free energy as the average I state dimensions decrease from expanded to compact. The same models were also used to reproduce quantitatively the experimental difference in excess Mg2+ between N and I states. On the basis of these experiments and calculations, I state compaction appears to enhance Mg2+-I state interaction free energies by 10-20%, but this enhancement is at most 5% of the overall Mg2+-associated stabilization free energy for this rRNA fragment. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biophys, Program Mol & Computat Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Chem, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Dept Pediat & Communicable Dis, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grilley, D (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Biophys, Program Mol & Computat Biophys, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. FU NCRR NIH HHS [RR-08630]; NIGMS NIH HHS [1R01 GM58545] NR 55 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD SEP 11 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 36 BP 10266 EP 10278 DI 10.1021/bi062284r PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 207HG UT WOS:000249241600004 PM 17705557 ER PT J AU Weisz, E Li, J Menzel, WP Heidinger, AK Kahn, BH Liu, CY AF Weisz, Elisabeth Li, Jun Menzel, W. Paul Heidinger, Andrew K. Kahn, Brian H. Liu, Chian-Yi TI Comparison of AIRS, MODIS, CloudSat and CALIPSO cloud top height retrievals SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL RETRIEVAL; PARAMETERS AB Knowledge of cloud properties like cloud top height (CTH) is essential to understand their impact on the earth's radiation budget and on climate change. High spectral resolution measurements from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) are well suited to reveal valuable information about cloud altitude. The CTH retrievals derived from AIRS single field-of-view(FOV) radiance measurements are compared with the operational MODIS ( Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) cloud product, and Level 2 products obtained from radar and lidar instruments onboard the EOS (Earth Observing System) CloudSat and the CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation) satellites. Two cases containing a variety of cloud conditions have been studied, and the strengths/shortcomings of CTH products from infrared (IR) sounder radiances are discussed. C1 Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Madison, WI 53706 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Weisz, E (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011; Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Liu, Chian-Yi/B-1898-2015; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201; Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Liu, Chian-Yi/0000-0003-1725-4405; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627 NR 17 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 11 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 17 AR L17811 DI 10.1029/2007GL030676 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 211IP UT WOS:000249517800001 ER PT J AU Cheung, KF Tang, LJ Donnelly, JP Scileppi, EM Liu, KB Mao, XZ Houston, SH Murnane, RJ AF Cheung, Kwok Fai Tang, Liujuan Donnelly, Jeffrey P. Scileppi, Elyse M. Liu, Kam-Biu Mao, Xian-Zhong Houston, Samuel H. Murnane, Richard J. TI Numerical modeling and field evidence of coastal overwash in southern New England from Hurricane Bob and implications for paleotempestology SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID 3RD-GENERATION WAVE MODEL; SURFACE WIND FIELDS; EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT; TROPICAL CYCLONES; NEW-JERSEY; RECORD; EQUATIONS; LANDFALL; REGIONS AB In this paper, we examine the use of coastal overwash modeling in conjunction with geological proxy techniques to provide a more comprehensive tool for paleotempestology. Southern New England, which lies in the path of north tracking hurricanes, has been a prime location for paleotempestological studies. Hurricane Bob of 1991 is the most recent landfall in this region and has the most comprehensive data for model assessment and validation. Using the hurricane track, central pressure, and radius of maximum wind as input, a collection of four interoperable model components simulates the meteorological conditions, astronomical tides and storm surge, ocean and coastal waves, and the surf zone processes and runup onto dry land. The computed surface pressure, winds, waves, and water levels give very good agreement with data from weather stations, moored buoys, and tide gauges near the track and in the zone of maximum wind. The validated wave conditions and storm water levels define the boundary conditions for coastal overwash modeling, and the results show strong correlation with aerial photographs and sedimentary records at five sites near the landfall. The results provide modern analogs for the interpretation of early hurricane landfalls in southern New England that lack an instrumental record. Reconstruction of paleohurricanes will require geological proxy data at multiple locations for the multivariate inverse analysis with uncertain paleotopography and storm characteristics. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Ocean & Resource Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmospher & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Geol & Geophys, Woods Hole, MA USA. Brown Univ, Dept Geol Sci, Providence, RI 02912 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Coastal & Oceanog Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Tsing Hua Univ, Grad Sch Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Peoples R China. Cent Pacific Hurricane Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Honolulu, HI USA. Bermuda Biol Res Stn Inc, St Georges, Bermuda. RP Cheung, KF (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Ocean & Resource Engn, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM cheung@hawaii.edu RI Liu, Kam-biu/B-4966-2012; Murnane, Richard/G-7039-2015 OI Liu, Kam-biu/0000-0002-0038-2198; Murnane, Richard/0000-0002-9744-8471 NR 43 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD SEP 11 PY 2007 VL 112 IS F3 AR F03024 DI 10.1029/2006JF000612 PG 24 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 211JD UT WOS:000249519200001 ER PT J AU Nawani, P Gelfer, MY Hsiao, BS Frenkel, A Gilman, JW Khalid, S AF Nawani, Pranav Gelfer, Mikhail Y. Hsiao, Benjamin S. Frenkel, Anatoly Gilman, Jeffrey W. Khalid, Syed TI Surface modification of nanoclays by catalytically active transition metal ions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LAYERED-SILICATE NANOCOMPOSITES; POLYMER; POLYPROPYLENE; ORGANOCLAYS; RETARDANCY; SYSTEMS AB A unique class of nanoclays was prepared by modification of pristine clays or organoclays (Cloisite C20A) with transition metal ions (TMIs). The composition, structure, morphology and thermal properties of TMI-modified nanoclays were investigated by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), elemental analysis (EA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD), thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy. The content of TMIs in modified clays was found to be close to the limiting value of ion exchange capacity. SEM and X-ray results confirmed that TMIs were located between the mineral layers instead of being adsorbed on the surface of clay particles. TGA results indicated that the TMI treatment of organoclays could significantly increase the thermal stability, which was more pronounced in air than in nitrogen. Temperature-resolved SAXS measurements revealed that the presence of TMIs increased the onset temperature of structural degradation. The higher thermal stability of TMI-modified organoclays can be attributed to the change in the thermal degradation mechanism, resulting in a decrease in the yield of volatile products and the formation of char facilitated by the presence of catalytically active TMIs. C1 SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. Yeshiva Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10016 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Hsiao, BS (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM bhsiao@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Frenkel, Anatoly/D-3311-2011 OI Frenkel, Anatoly/0000-0002-5451-1207 NR 17 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 11 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 19 BP 9808 EP 9815 DI 10.1021/la700908m PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 207HD UT WOS:000249241300043 PM 17705406 ER PT J AU Nosonovsky, M AF Nosonovsky, Michael TI On the range of applicability of the Wenzel and Cassie equations SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nosonovsky, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.nosonovsky@nist.gov RI Nosonovsky, Michael/B-2228-2012 NR 9 TC 121 Z9 123 U1 0 U2 45 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD SEP 11 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 19 BP 9919 EP 9920 DI 10.1021/1a701324m PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 207HD UT WOS:000249241300058 PM 17665939 ER PT J AU Doney, SC Mahowald, N Lima, I Feely, RA Mackenzie, FT Lamarque, JF Rasch, PJ AF Doney, Scott C. Mahowald, Natalie Lima, Ivan Feely, Richard A. Mackenzie, Fred T. Lamarque, Jean-Francois Rasch, Phil J. TI Impact of anthropogenic atmospheric nitrogen and sulfur deposition on ocean acidification and the inorganic carbon system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE alkalinity; biogeochemistry; global change; ocean chemistry; nutrient eutrophication ID MODEL VERSION-3 CCSM3; ALKALINITY; CYCLE; VARIABILITY; SIMULATION; FUTURE; FLUXES; GROWTH; CO2 AB Fossil fuel combustion and agriculture result in atmospheric deposition of 0.8 Tmol/yr reactive sulfur and 2.7 Tmol/yr nitrogen to the coastal and open ocean near major source regions in North America, Europe, and South and East Asia. Atmospheric inputs of dissociation products of strong acids (HNO3 and H2SO4) and bases (NH3) alter surface seawater alkalinity, pH, and inorganic carbon storage. We quantify the biogeochemical impacts by using atmosphere and ocean models. The direct acid/base flux to the ocean is predominately acidic (reducing total alkalinity) in the temperate Northern Hemisphere and alkaline in the tropics because of ammonia inputs. However, because most of the excess ammonia is nitrified to nitrate (NO3-) in the upper ocean, the effective net atmospheric input is acidic almost everywhere. The decrease in surface alkalinity drives a net air-sea efflux Of CO2, reducing surface dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC); the alkalinity and DIC changes mostly offset each other, and the decline in surface pH is small. Additional impacts arise from nitrogen fertilization, leading to elevated primary production and biological DIC drawdown that reverses in some places the sign of the surface pH and air-sea CO2 flux perturbations. On a global scale, the alterations in surface water chemistry from anthropogenic nitrogen and sulfur deposition are a few percent of the acidification and DIC increases due to the oceanic uptake of anthropogenic CO2. However, the impacts are more substantial in coastal waters, where the ecosystem responses to ocean acidification could have the most severe implications for mankind. C1 Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. Natl Ctr Atmosp Res, Div Climate & Global Dynamics, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Doney, SC (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Chem & Geochem Dept, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM sdoney@whoi.edu RI Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Mahowald, Natalie/D-8388-2013; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Lima, Ivan/A-6823-2016 OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Mahowald, Natalie/0000-0002-2873-997X; Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Lima, Ivan/0000-0001-5345-0652 NR 54 TC 156 Z9 165 U1 8 U2 106 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 11 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 37 BP 14580 EP 14585 DI 10.1073/pnas.0702218104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 211GT UT WOS:000249513000009 PM 17804807 ER PT J AU Seminoff, JA Bjorndal, KA Bolten, AB AF Seminoff, Jeffrey A. Bjorndal, Karen A. Bolten, Alan B. TI Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope discrimination and turnover in pond sliders Trachemys scripta: Insights for trophic study of freshwater turtles SO COPEIA LA English DT Article ID DIET-TISSUE FRACTIONATION; BLOOD-CELLS; DELTA C-13; ECOLOGY; ASSIMILATION; ANIMALS; RATIOS; SEALS; RATES; BEARS AB The ecologies of vertebrate species have been increasingly studied via stable isotope analyses of small quantities of body tissues. However, critical assumptions relating to the consistency in stable isotopic values in consumer tissues and their diet as well as the rate of incorporation of diet-derived stable isotopes into consumer tissues remain poorly validated for most taxa despite numerous stable isotope studies targeting natural systems. In this study, we measured stable carbon and nitrogen diet-tissue discrimination and elemental turnover in whole blood, red blood cells, blood plasma, brain, liver, pectoralis major muscle, pubioshiofemoralis internus muscle, stratum corneum (sc) dermis, and stratum germinativum (sg) dermis of Pond Sliders (Trachemys scripta) fed ad libitum on two isotopically distinct diets. Turtles were fed a soy-based control diet (32% protein, 3% lipids, 4% fiber), and after 146 d, a subset was switched to a fish meal-based experimental diet (44% protein, 24% lipids, 3% fiber). At the diet switch, diet-tissue isotopic equilibrium could not be confirmed by delta C-13 values for any tissue, but was established for delta N-15 values for all tissues except sc dermis and sg dermis (range = +1.9 to +3.8 parts per thousand). An exponential-decay regression model and half-life calculation resulted in half-lives for N ranging from 35.6 d (blood plasma) to 52.5 d (liver). These represent the first published stable isotope turnover rates for reptiles and the first diet-tissue isotopic discrimination factors for freshwater turtles. The discrimination factors found here are similar to those established for soft-tissues among other vertebrate taxa; however, elemental nitrogen turnover rates in tissues of T. scripta are among the slowest established to date among vertebrate taxa. C1 Univ Florida, Ctr Sea Turtle Res, Dept Zool, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Seminoff, JA (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA USA. EM jeffrey.seminoff@noaa.gov OI Bjorndal, Karen/0000-0002-6286-1901 NR 44 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 20 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 10 PY 2007 IS 3 BP 534 EP 542 DI 10.1643/0045-8511(2007)2007[534:SCANID]2.0.CO;2 PG 9 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 210WT UT WOS:000249487000003 ER PT J AU Orr, JW Maslenikov, KP AF Orr, James Wilder Maslenikov, Katherine Pearson TI Two new variegated snailfishes of the genus Careproctus (Teleostei : Scorpaeniformes : Liparidae) from the Aleutian Islands, Alaska SO COPEIA LA English DT Article AB Two new species of snailfishes are described on the basis of 99 individuals collected from the Aleutian Islands during resource assessment surveys conducted by the National Marine Fisheries Service. Both are distinguished from all known species of Careproctus by a variegated red, white, and gray body coloration, an unlobed dorsal fin, protruding snout, the absence of distal pectoral radials at the base of 8-12 ventral rays, and counts of median-fin rays and vertebrae. Careproctus comus, new species, is distinguished from Careproctus faunus, new species, by having a greater number of caudal vertebrae and median-fin rays, as well as a narrower interorbital width, shorter maxilla, shorter snout, shorter connection of anal-fin membrane to caudal fin, and more slender caudal-fin base. Careproctus comus ranges from west of Attu Island, on Stalemate Bank, to the eastern Aleutian Islands, near Unalaska Island. Careproctus faunus ranges from Adak Island in the central Aleutians to just east of Unalaska Island. Both species are found at depths of approximately 1.50-400 m. Among other liparids of the North Pacific, the new species are superficially similar to Temnocora candida, from which both can be readily distinguished on the basis of their unlobed dorsal fin and higher counts of median-fin rays and vertebrae. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservation Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Coll Ocean & Fishery Sci, Sch Aquatic & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Orr, JW (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservation Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM James.Orr@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 11 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC ICHTHYOLOGISTS & HERPETOLOGISTS PI MIAMI PA MAUREEN DONNELLY, SECRETARY FLORIDA INT UNIV BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 11200 SW 8TH STREET, MIAMI, FL 33199 USA SN 0045-8511 EI 1938-5110 J9 COPEIA JI Copeia PD SEP 10 PY 2007 IS 3 BP 699 EP 710 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 210WT UT WOS:000249487000018 ER PT J AU McDermott, R Pope, SB AF McDermott, R. Pope, S. B. TI A particle formulation for treating differential diffusion in filtered density function methods SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE particle method; differential diffusion; filtered density function methods; large-eddy simulation; direct numerical simulation; turbulent reacting flow ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; TURBULENT REACTIVE FLOWS; COMBUSTION AB We present a new approach for treating molecular diffusion in filtered density function (FDF) methods for modeling turbulent reacting flows. The diffusion term accounts for molecular transport in physical space and molecular mixing in composition space. Conventionally, the FDF is represented by an ensemble of particles and transport is modeled by a random walk in physical space. There are two significant shortcomings in this transport model: (1) the resulting composition variance equation contains a spurious production term and (2) because the random walk is governed by a single diffusion coefficient, the formulation cannot account for differential diffusion, which can have a first-order effect in reacting flows. In our new approach transport is simply modeled by a mean drift in the particle composition equation. The resulting variance equation contains no spurious production term and differential diffusion is treated easily. Hence, the new formulation reduces to a direct numerical simulation (DNS) in the limit of vanishing filter width, a desirable property of any large-eddy simulation (LES) approach. We use the IEM model for mixing. It is shown that there is a lower bound on the specified mixing rate such that the boundedness of the compositions is ensured. We present a numerical method for solving the particle equations which is second-order accurate in space and time, obeys detailed conservation, enforces the realizability and boundedness constraints and is unconditionally stable. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP McDermott, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8663, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM randall.mcdermott@nist.gov RI Pope, Stephen/F-6268-2011 OI Pope, Stephen/0000-0001-5629-0420 NR 43 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 2 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 226 IS 1 BP 947 EP 993 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.05.006 PG 47 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 217GN UT WOS:000249936500043 ER PT J AU Rogers, DJ Bienfang, JC Nakassis, A Xu, H Clark, CW AF Rogers, Daniel J. Bienfang, Joshua C. Nakassis, Anastase Xu, Hai Clark, Charles W. TI Detector dead-time effects and paralyzability in high-speed quantum key distribution SO NEW JOURNAL OF PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM; WAVELENGTH; GHZ AB Recent advances in quantum key distribution (QKD) have given rise to systems that operate at transmission periods significantly shorter than the dead times of their component single-photon detectors. As systems continue to increase in transmission rate, security concerns associated with detector dead times can limit the production rate of sifted bits. We present a model of highspeed QKD in this limit that identifies an optimum transmission rate for a system with given link loss and detector response characteristics. C1 Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Infromat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rogers, DJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM drogers2@umd.edu RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; NR 17 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1367-2630 J9 NEW J PHYS JI New J. Phys. PD SEP 10 PY 2007 VL 9 AR 319 DI 10.1088/1367-2630/9/9/319 PG 13 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 209HF UT WOS:000249378900005 ER PT J AU Overland, JE Wang, MY AF Overland, James E. Wang, Muyin TI Future regional Arctic sea ice declines SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; SIMULATIONS; OCEAN AB Because animals and humans respond to seasonally and regionally varying climates, it is instructive to assess how much confidence we can have in regional projections of sea ice from the 20 models provided through the International Panel on Climate Change Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) process (IPCC 2007). Based on the selection of a subset models that closely simulate observed regional ice concentrations for 1979-1999, we find considerable evidence for loss of sea ice area of greater than 40% by 2050 in summer for the marginal seas of the Arctic basin. This conclusion is supported by consistency in the selection of the same models across different regions, and the importance of thinning ice and increased open water at mid-century to the rate of ice loss. With less confidence, we find that the Bering, Okhotsk and Barents Seas have a similar 40% loss of sea ice area by 2050 in winter. Baffin Bay/Labrador shows little change compared to current conditions. These seasonal ice zones have large interannual/decadal variability in addition to trends. Large model-tomodel differences were seen for the Kara/Laptev Seas and East Greenland. With a careful evaluation process, AR4 sea ice projections have some utility for use in assessing potential impacts over large Arctic subregions for a 2020 2050 time horizon. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Overland, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov RI Wang, Muyin/K-4006-2014 NR 18 TC 79 Z9 82 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 8 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 17 AR L17705 DI 10.1029/2007GL030808 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 209BZ UT WOS:000249364600001 ER PT J AU Kongoli, C Ferraro, RR Pellegrino, P Meng, H Dean, C AF Kongoli, Cezar Ferraro, Ralph R. Pellegrino, Paul Meng, Huan Dean, Charles TI Utilization of the AMSU high frequency measurements for improved coastal rain retrievals SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; CLOUD AB This study describes a new rain estimation technique using Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) high frequency measurements and applicable over coastal regions. The existing operational AMSU rain retrieval algorithm utilizes the microwave window frequency measurements at 23, 31, 89 and 150 GHz. These measurements have limited applicability over coast due to ocean surface emissivity effects. This situation often leads to missing rain extent and thus rate retrievals over coastal regions. The new technique utilizes the higher window (89 and 150 GHz), opaque oxygen (53.6 GHz) and water vapor absorption (183 +/- 1, +/- 3 and +/- 7 GHz) channels that are less impacted by surface emissivity variations. Rain extent is determined using a number of scattering measures computed from linear combinations of the brightness temperature at the selected high frequency channels. Next, the ice water path parameter is estimated from a quadratic relationship with the brightness temperature at the 183 +/- 7 GHz water vapor absorption channel and the cosine of the local zenith angle. Rain rate is computed from ice water path. Evaluation and monitoring of the new technique integrated with the existing algorithm has indicated that the upgraded algorithm is robust and superior to the existing one over coast. C1 NESDIS, NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Kongoli, C (reprint author), NESDIS, NOAA, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RI Meng, Huan/F-5613-2010; Ferraro, Ralph/F-5587-2010 OI Meng, Huan/0000-0001-6449-890X; Ferraro, Ralph/0000-0002-8393-7135 NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 7 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 17 AR L17809 DI 10.1029/2007GL029940 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 209BX UT WOS:000249364300002 ER PT J AU Wang, ZH King, KL Ramsdell, JS Doucette, GJ AF Wang, Zhihong King, Kristen L. Ramsdell, John S. Doucette, Gregory J. TI Determination of domoic acid in seawater and phytoplankton by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; solid-phase extraction; LC-MS/MS; seawater; phytoplankton ID ELECTROSPRAY-IONIZATION; SHELLFISH; EXTRACTION; SEAFOOD AB Domoic acid (DA) is an algal neurotoxin produced by diatoms primarily of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia and is responsible for the human intoxication syndrome known as amnesic shellfish poisoning. A method has been developed to determine DA in seawater and phytoplankton matrices by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for both quantitation and confirmation purposes. Sample extraction and clean-up was achieved on a C 18 solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridge. An acidic condition is critical for retaining hydrophilic DA on the cartridge. Direct injection of SPE eluate for analysis is recommended in order to avoid loss of DA by drying with heat prior to resuspension and injection. DA was quantified using the fragments produced from the protonated DA ion through multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Recoveries exceeded 90% for all seawater samples spiked with DA and approximated 98% of toxin standard added to cultured phytoplankton material. Acceptable reproducibility (ca. 5% or less) was obtained for all intra-day and inter-day samples. The detection limit was 30 pg/ml level with a 20 mu l injection volume, which demonstrated the value of this method for not only confirming DA production by minimally toxic phytoplankton species, but also for investigating the potentially important role of dissolved DA in marine food webs. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Wang, ZH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM zhihong.wang@noaa.gov RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 NR 27 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD SEP 7 PY 2007 VL 1163 IS 1-2 BP 169 EP 176 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.06.054 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 208HQ UT WOS:000249310800017 PM 17640654 ER PT J AU Albus, JS Bekey, GA Holland, JH Kanwisher, NG Krichmar, JL Mishkin, M Modha, DS Raichle, ME Shepherd, GM Tononi, G AF Albus, James S. Bekey, George A. Holland, John H. Kanwisher, Nancy G. Krichmar, Jeffrey L. Mishkin, Mortimer Modha, Dharmendra S. Raichle, Marcus E. Shepherd, Gordon M. Tononi, Giulio TI A proposal for a decade of the mind initiative SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ So Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Santa Fe Inst, Santa Fe, NM 87501 USA. MIT, McGovern Inst, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Inst Neurosci, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. NIMH, Neuropsychol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. IBM Corp, Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95120 USA. Washington Univ, Sch Med, St Louis, MO 63110 USA. Yale Univ, Sch Med, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Psychiat, Madison, WI 53719 USA. RP Albus, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Tononi, Giulio/B-8387-2009 NR 2 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD SEP 7 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5843 BP 1321 EP 1321 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 209GR UT WOS:000249377500014 PM 17823330 ER PT J AU Villano, SM Gianola, AJ Eyet, N Ichino, T Kato, S Bierbaum, VM Lineberger, WC AF Villano, Stephanie M. Gianola, Adam J. Eyet, Nicole Ichino, Takatoshi Kato, Shuji Bierbaum, Veronica M. Lineberger, W. Carl TI Thermochemical studies of N-methylpyrazole and N-methylimidazole SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID BOND-DISSOCIATION ENERGIES; SHOCK-TUBE PYROLYSIS; GAS-PHASE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; C-H; ELECTRON-AFFINITY; ION CHEMISTRY; ACETIC-ACID; PYRROLE; ANIONS AB The 351.1 nm photoelectron spectra of the N-methyl-5-pyrazolide anion and the N-methyl-5-imidazolide anion are reported. The photoelectron spectra of both isomers display extended vibrational progressions in the (X) over tilde (2) A' ground states of the corresponding radicals that are well reproduced by Franck-Condon simulations, based on the results of B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) calculations. The electron affinities of the N-methyl-5-pyrazolyl radical and the N-methyl-5-imidazolyl radical are 2.054 +/- 0.006 eV and 1.987 +/- 0.008 eV, respectively. Broad vibronic features of the (A) over tilde (2) A '' states are also observed in the spectra. The gas-phase acidities of N-methylpyrazole and N-methylimidazole are determined from measurements of proton-transfer rate constants using a flowing afterglow-selected ion flow tube instrument. The acidity of N-methylpyrazole is measured to be Delta(acid)G(298) = 376.9 +/- 0.7 kcal mol(-1) and Delta H-acid(298) = 384.0 +/- 0.7 kcal mol(-1), whereas the acidity of N-methylimidazole is determined to be Delta(acid)G(298) = 380.2 +/- 1.0 kcal mol(-1) and Delta H-acid(298) = 388.1 +/- 1.0 kcal mol(-1). The gas-phase acidities are combined with the electron affinities in a negative ion thermochemical cycle to determine the C5-H bond dissociation energies, D-0(C5-H, N-methylpyrazole) = 116.4 0.7 kcal mol(-1) and D0(C5-H, N-methylimidazole) = 119.0 +/- 1.0 kcal mol(-1). The bond strengths reported here are consistent with previously reported bond strengths of pyrazole and imidazole; however, the error bars are significantly reduced. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bierbaum, VM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 68 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD SEP 6 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 35 BP 8579 EP 8587 DI 10.1021/jp073475m PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 205YH UT WOS:000249150600006 PM 17696508 ER PT J AU Hoerling, M Eischeid, J Quan, XW Xu, TY AF Hoerling, Martin Eischeid, Jon Quan, Xiaowei Xu, Taiyi TI Explaining the record US warmth of 2006 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATTRIBUTION; CLIMATE AB This study explores origins for record setting 2006 temperatures over the conterminous United States. The efficacy of two mechanisms is quantified; one associated with sea surface temperatures ( SSTs) in the equatorial Pacific related to El Nino, and the other associated with increased greenhouse gas concentrations. We use historical records of US temperatures observed during past El Ninos, model simulations subjected to El Nino SST conditions and to projections of the 2006 greenhouse gas concentrations. We use ensemble methods to yield probabilistic estimates of temperature anomalies related to each forcing. Neither historical data nor model simulations reveal a US warm response to El Nino indicating it was not a factor in elevating US temperatures. Instead, over half of the anomalous warmth in 2006 is attributed to greenhouse gas forcing, whose strength now exceeds the standard deviation of natural fluctuations. We conclude that the record warmth was primarily due to human influences. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Hoerling, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM martin.hoerling@noaa.gov; jon.k.eischeid@noaa.gov; quan.xiaowei@noaa.gov; taiyi.xu@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD SEP 5 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 17 AR L17704 DI 10.1029/2007GL030643 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 209BU UT WOS:000249364000004 ER PT J AU Zhang, TH Kuznetsova, I Meier, T Li, XC Mirin, RP Thomas, P Cundiff, ST AF Zhang, Tianhao Kuznetsova, Irina Meier, Torsten Li, Xiaoclin Mirin, Richard P. Thomas, Peter Cundiff, Steven T. TI Polarization-dependent optical 2D Fourier transform spectroscopy of semiconductors SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE excitons; many-body effects; ultrafast ID GAAS QUANTUM-WELLS; COHERENT EXCITATION SPECTROSCOPY; 4-WAVE-MIXING SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTRAL INTERFEROMETRY; EMISSION; DISORDER; BEATS; SIGNATURES; BIEXCITON; DYNAMICS AB Optical 2D Fourier transform spectroscopy (2DFTS) provides insight into the many-body interactions in direct gap semiconductors by separating the contributions to the coherent nonlinear optical response. We demonstrate these features of optical 2DFTS by studying the heavy-hole and light-hole excitonic resonances in a gallium arsenide quantum well at low temperature. Varying the polarization of the incident beams exploits selection rules to achieve further separation. Calculations using a full many-body theory agree well with experimental results and unambiguously demonstrate the dominance of many-body physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 41 TC 76 Z9 77 U1 0 U2 16 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 4 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 36 BP 14227 EP 14232 DI 10.1073/pnas.0701273104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 208QF UT WOS:000249333600011 PM 17630286 ER PT J AU Troisi, A Beebe, JM Picraux, LB van Zee, RD Stewart, DR Ratner, MA Kushmerick, JG AF Troisi, Alessandro Beebe, Jeremy M. Picraux, Laura B. van Zee, Roger D. Stewart, Duncan R. Ratner, Mark A. Kushmerick, James G. TI Tracing electronic pathways in molecules by using inelastic tunneling spectroscopy SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE molecular electronics; molecular junctions; molecular transport ID TRANSPORT JUNCTIONS; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; TRANSFER RATES; SPECTRA; CONDUCTANCE AB Using inelastic electron tunneling spectroscopy (IETS) to measure the vibronic structure of nonequilibrium molecular transport, aided by a quantitative interpretation scheme based on Green's function-density functional theory methods, we are able to characterize the actual pathways that the electrons traverse when moving through a molecule in a molecular transport junction. We show that the IETS observations directly index electron tunneling pathways along the given normal coordinates of the molecule. One can then interpret the maxima in the IETS spectrum in terms of the specific paths that the electrons follow as they traverse the molecular junction. Therefore, IETS measurements not only prove (by the appearance of molecular vibrational frequencies in the spectrum) that the tunneling charges, in fact, pass through the molecule, but also can be used to determine the transport pathways and how they change with the geometry and placement of molecules in junctions. C1 Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Northwestern Univ, Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. Univ Warwick, Dept Chem, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Univ Warwick, Ctr Comp Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. RP Ratner, MA (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM ratner@chem.northwestern.edu RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008; Troisi, Alessandro /E-7318-2014 NR 33 TC 77 Z9 77 U1 3 U2 27 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD SEP 4 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 36 BP 14255 EP 14259 DI 10.1073/pnas.0704208104 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 208QF UT WOS:000249333600016 PM 17726099 ER PT J AU Ouyang, J Slusker, J Levin, I Kim, DM Eom, CB Ramesh, R Roytburd, AL AF Ouyang, Jun Slusker, Julia Levin, Igor Kim, Dong-Min Eom, Chang-Beom Ramesh, Ramamoorthy Roytburd, Alexander L. TI Engineering of self-assembled domain architectures with ultra-high piezoelectric response in epitaxial ferroelectric films SO ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; CRYSTAL ORIENTATION DEPENDENCE; THIN-FILMS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; POLARIZATION; STABILITY; CONSTANTS AB Substrate clamping and inter-domain pinning limit movement of non-180 degrees domain walls in ferroelectric epitaxial films thereby reducing the resulting piezoelectric response of ferroelectric layers. Our theoretical calculations and experimental studies of the epitaxial PbZr(x)Ti(1-x)O(3) films grown on single crystal SrTiO(3) demonstrate that for film compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary it is posssible to obtain mobile two-domain architectures by selecting the appropriate substrate orientation. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and piezoelectric force microscopy revealed that the PbZr(0.52)Ti(0.48)O(3) films grown on (101) SrTiO(3) substrates feature self-assembled two-domain structures, consisting of two tetragonal domain variants. For these films, the low-field piezoelectric coefficient measured in the direction normal to the film surface (d(33)) is 200 pm V(-1), which agrees well with the theoretical predictions. Under external AC electric fields of about 30 kV cm(-1), the (101) films exhibit reversible longitudinal strains as high as 0.35 %, which correspond to the effective piezoelectric coefficients in the order of 1000 pm V(-1) and can be explained by elastic softening of the PbZr(x)Ti(1-x)O(3) ferroelectrics near the morphotropic phase boundary. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Wisconsin, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ouyang, J (reprint author), Seagate Technol, Mailstop NRW112,7801 Comp Ave S, Bloomington, MN 55435 USA. EM jun.ouyang@seagate.com; roytburd@wam.umd.edu RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Eom, Chang-Beom/I-5567-2014 NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 35 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1616-301X J9 ADV FUNCT MATER JI Adv. Funct. Mater. PD SEP 3 PY 2007 VL 17 IS 13 BP 2094 EP 2100 DI 10.1002/adfm.200600823 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 212ZY UT WOS:000249636900012 ER PT J AU Mackay, LG Burke, D Welch, MJ Tai, S Mussell, C O'Connor, G Sin, D Wing-Chi, C AF Mackay, Lindsey G. Burke, Daniel Welch, Michael J. Tai, Susan Mussell, Chris O'Connor, Gavin Sin, Della Wing-Chi, Cheng TI An international intercomparison for 19-norandrosterone in human urine: the Comite Consultatif pour la Quantite de Matiere (CCQM) Pilot Study CCQM-P68 SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE steroids; nandrolone; 19-norandrosterone; urine; laboratory intercomparison; reference method AB Under the auspices of the Comite Consultatif pour la Quantite de Matiere (CCQM) a laboratory intercomparison, CCQM-P68, was co-ordinated by the National Measurement Institute of Australia (NMIA) in 2005 involving the analysis of the steroid 19-norandrosterone (19-NA) in human urine. 19-NA is the major metabolite of nandrolone, a commonly abused anabolic agent. It is routinely tested by many sports drug testing laboratories and several national metrology institutes have developed reference methods to provide reference values for the certification of reference materials. The material distributed for the intercomparison was a freeze-dried human urine candidate reference material containing 19-NA at a level close to the allowed World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) cut-off for this anabolic agent, i.e. 2 ng/ml. Four national/designated metrology institutes participated in the intercomparison and their results for this complex analysis were in excellent agreement, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of only 1.7%. The expanded uncertainties at the 95% level of confidence for the reported results ranged from 3.7 to 7.0% at the 2.15 ng/g level. C1 Australia NMIA, Natl Measurement Inst, Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. LGC, Teddington, Middx, England. GL HKSAR, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. RP Mackay, LG (reprint author), Australia NMIA, Natl Measurement Inst, 1 Suakin St, Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia. EM lindsey.mackay@measurement.gov.au RI O'Connor, Gavin/D-9767-2016 OI O'Connor, Gavin/0000-0002-7812-6717 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 12 IS 9 BP 459 EP 464 DI 10.1007/s00769-007-0287-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 210FB UT WOS:000249441000004 ER PT J AU Tai, SSC Xu, B Welch, MJ AF Tai, Susan S. -C. Xu, Bei Welch, Michael J. TI Determination of 19-norandrosterone in CCQM-P68. NIST results using an isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE 19-norandrosterone (19-NA); urine; isotope dilution; liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS); CCQM; laboratory intercomparison ID CANDIDATE REFERENCE METHOD; HUMAN SERUM; HUMAN URINE; METABOLITES; NANDROLONE AB The US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) participated in an international interlaboratory study under the auspices of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM) for the determination of 19-norandrosterone (19-NA) in urine, the principal metabolite of nandrolone and certain other synthetic testosterone substitutes banned for use by the World Antidoping Agency (WADA). Prior to this study, NIST developed a candidate reference measurement procedure based upon isotope dilution liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. This method was applied to a urine sample distributed to the participants in the study by the Australian National Measurement Institute, Pymble, Australia (NMIA). The NIST results were in very good agreement with those from the other participants, all of whom used methods based upon gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. All known significant sources of uncertainty were evaluated, resulting in a relative expanded uncertainty of less than 5% (coverage factor k = 2). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. RP Tai, SSC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM susan.tai@nist.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 12 IS 9 BP 465 EP 468 DI 10.1007/s00769-007-0281-6 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 210FB UT WOS:000249441000005 ER PT J AU Ding, YF Ro, HW Germer, TA Douglas, JF Okerberg, BC Karim, A Soles, CL AF Ding, Yifu Ro, Hyun Wook Germer, Thomas A. Douglas, Jack F. Okerberg, Brian C. Karim, Alamgir Soles, Christopher L. TI Relaxation Behavior of polymer structures fabricated by nanoimprint lithography SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE nanoimprint lithography; pattern decay; relaxation; stability; thermal embossing ID FLASH IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; X-RAY-SCATTERING; NM HALF-PITCH; MOLECULAR-WEIGHT; CORRUGATION GRATINGS; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; CIRCUIT FABRICATION; RUBBER ELASTICITY; GLASS-TRANSITION AB We study the decay of imprinted polystyrene (PS) patterns under thermal annealing using light diffraction. The first-order diffraction intensity from the imprinted gratings was measured as a function of annealing time. A local intensity maximum is observed as a function of annealing time. This "abnormal" intensity variation can be qualitatively understood, using rigorous coupled wave approximation calculations, as a characteristic diffraction from patterns with specific shape/height. We demonstrate that this diffraction anomaly can be used to characterize the temperature dependence of the pattern decay rate. The activation energies of the pattern decay are found to be similar to those of the segmental and chain relaxations. Comparisons between PS samples of different molecular mass reveal that the patterns decay through different mechanisms. For unentangled PS, the decay of the imprinted pattern follows the surface-tension-driven viscous flow, with a viscosity similar to the steady-state viscosity. However, for highly entangled PS, large residual stresses introduced from the imprinting process cause the pattern to decay much faster than expected from surface-tension-driven viscous flow. C1 [Ding, Yifu; Ro, Hyun Wook; Douglas, Jack F.; Okerberg, Brian C.; Karim, Alamgir; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Germer, Thomas A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Tech Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Soles, CL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM csoles@nist.gov NR 63 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 2 BP 84 EP 92 DI 10.1021/nn700014p PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 246MY UT WOS:000252012300004 PM 19206524 ER PT J AU Xia, YL Guoqiang, XQ AF Xia, Youlong Guoqiang, Xu TI Impacts of systematic precipitation bias on simulations of water and energy balances in Northwest America SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE LaD model; bias adjustment; water and energy balance; Northwest America ID GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; LAND WATER; GAUGE; MODEL; SURFACE; CLIMATE; FLUXES AB At high latitudes and in mountainous areas, evaluation and validation of water and energy flux simulations are greatly affected by systematic precipitation errors. These errors mainly come from topographic effects and undercatch of precipitation gauges. In this study, the Land Dynamics (LaD) land surface model is used to investigate impacts of systematic precipitation bias from topography and wind-blowing on water and energy flux simulation in Northwest America. The results show that topographic and wind adjustment reduced bias of streamflow simulations when compared with observed strearnflow at 14 basins. These systematic biases resulted in a -50%-100% bias for runoff simulations, a -20%-20% bias for evapotranspiration, and a -40%-40% bias for sensible heat flux, subject to different locations and adjustments, when compared with the control run. Uncertain gauge adjustment leads to a 25% uncertainty for precipitation, a 20%-100% uncertainty for runoff simulation, a less-than-10% uncertainty for evapotranspiration, and a less-than-20% uncertainty for sensible heat flux. C1 Princeton Univ, Atmosper & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. China Meteorol Adm, Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Xia, YL (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmosper & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM youlong.xia@noaa.gov RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 5 BP 739 EP 749 DI 10.1007/s00376-007-0739-9 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 212BR UT WOS:000249569100001 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Yang, S AF Qin, Zhang Yang, Song TI Seasonal phase-locking of peak events in the eastern Indian ocean SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE seasonal phase locking; ENSO monsoon interaction ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; TROPOSPHERIC BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; TROPICAL CLIMATE ANOMALIES; DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON; EL-NINO; PART II; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; COADS OBSERVATIONS AB The sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly of the eastern Indian Ocean (EIO) exhibits cold anomalies in the boreal summer or fall during El Nino development years and warm anomalies in winter or spring following the El Nino events. There also tend to be warm anomalies in the boreal summer or fall during La Nina development years and cold anomalies in winter or spring following the La Nina events. The seasonal phase-locking of SST change in the EIO associated with El Nino/Southern Oscillation is linked to the variability of convection over the maritime continent, which induces an atmospheric Rossby wave over the EIO. Local air-sea interaction exerts different effects on SST anomalies, depending on the relationship between the Rossby wave and the mean flow related to the seasonal migration of the buffer zone, which shifts across the equator between summer and winter. The summer cold events start with cooling in the Timor Sea, together with increasing easterly flow along the equator. Negative SST anomalies develop near Sumatra, through the interaction between the atmospheric Rossby wave and the underneath sea surface. These SST anomalies are also contributed to by the increased upwelling of the mixed layer and the equatorward temperature advection in the boreal fall. As the buffer zone shifts across the equator towards boreal winter, the anomalous easterly flow tends to weaken the mean flow near the equator, and the EIO SST increases due to the reduction of latent heat flux from the sea surface. As a result, wintertime SST anomalies appear with a uniform and nearly basin-wide pattern beneath the easterly anomalies. These SST anomalies are also caused by the increase in solar radiation associated with the anticyclonic atmospheric Rossby wave over the EIO. Similarly, the physical processes of the summer warm events, which are followed by wintertime cold SST anomalies, can be explained by the changes in atmospheric and oceanic fields with opposite signs to those anomalies described above. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, RS Informat Syst, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, RS Informat Syst, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM qin.zhang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 NR 60 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 5 BP 781 EP 798 DI 10.1007/s00376-007-0781-7 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 212BR UT WOS:000249569100004 ER PT J AU Solomon, S Daniel, JS Druckenbrod, DL AF Solomon, Susan Daniel, John S. Druckenbrod, Daniel L. TI Revolutionary minds - Thomas Jefferson and James Madison participated in a small "'revolution"' against British weather-monitoring practices SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article ID AIR-TEMPERATURE C1 NOAA DSRC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Solomon, S (reprint author), NOAA DSRC, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Susan.Solomon@nooa.gov RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 95 IS 5 BP 430 EP 437 PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 200AB UT WOS:000248735200020 ER PT J AU Sharpless, KE Ulberth, F AF Sharpless, Katherine E. Ulberth, Franz TI Food and dietary supplements SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Joint Res Ctr, European Commiss, Food Safety & Qual Unit, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. RP Sharpless, KE (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bureau Dr Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katherine.sharpless@nist.gov; franz.ulberth@ec.europa.eu OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 1 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 1 EP 2 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1473-y PG 2 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300001 ER PT J AU Saupe, SG Sharpless, KE AF Saupe, Stephen G. Sharpless, Katherine E. TI "Doctrine of Signatures" challenge SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Coll St Benedict, Dept Biol, St Joseph, MN 56374 USA. NIST, Ctr Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saupe, SG (reprint author), Coll St Benedict, Dept Biol, St Joseph, MN 56374 USA. EM ssaupe@csbsju.edu; katherine.sharpless@nist.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 3 EP 9 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1465-y PG 7 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300002 PM 17646970 ER PT J AU Dwyer, JT Holden, J Andrews, K Roseland, J Zhao, C Schweitzer, A Perry, CR Harnly, J Wolf, WR Picciano, MF Fisher, KD Saldanha, LG Yetley, EA Betz, JM Coates, PM Milner, JA Whitted, J Burt, V Radimer, K Wilger, J Sharpless, KE Hardy, CJ AF Dwyer, Johanna T. Holden, Joanne Andrews, Karen Roseland, Janet Zhao, Cuiwei Schweitzer, Amy Perry, Charles R. Harnly, James Wolf, Wayne R. Picciano, Mary Frances Fisher, Kenneth D. Saldanha, Leila G. Yetley, Elizabeth A. Betz, Joseph M. Coates, Paul M. Milner, John A. Whitted, Jackie Burt, Vicki Radimer, Kathy Wilger, Jaime Sharpless, Katherine E. Hardy, Constance J. TI Measuring vitamins and minerals in dietary supplements for nutrition studies in the USA SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Review DE dietary supplements; dietary supplement ingredient database; multivitamin mineral supplements; analytical values ID MULTIVITAMIN-MULTIMINERAL SUPPLEMENTS; ACCURACY; HEALTH AB This article illustrates the importance of having analytical data on the vitamin and mineral contents of dietary supplements in nutrition studies, and describes efforts to develop an analytically validated dietary supplement ingredient database (DSID) by a consortium of federal agencies in the USA. Preliminary studies of multivitamin mineral supplements marketed in the USA that were analyzed as candidates for the DSID are summarized. Challenges are summarized, possible future directions are outlined, and some related programs at the Office of Dietary Supplements, National Institutes of Health are described. The DSID should be helpful to researchers in assessing relationships between intakes of vitamins and minerals and health outcomes. C1 US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept HHS, Natl Canc Inst, Nutr Sci Res Grp, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US Dept HHS, Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Hlth Stat, Natl Hlth & Nutr Examinat Survey, Hyattsville, MD 20782 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Nutr Data Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Agr Res Serv, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Natl Agr Stat Serv, Div Res & Dev, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. US Dept HHS, US FDA, Ctr Food Safety & Appl Nutr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Dwyer, JT (reprint author), US Dept HHS, Natl Inst Hlth, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM dwyerj1@od.nih.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X; Dwyer, Johanna/0000-0002-0783-1769 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 7 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 37 EP 46 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1456-z PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300007 PM 17641882 ER PT J AU Sharpless, KE Thomas, JB Christopher, SJ Greenberg, RR Sander, LC Schantz, MM Welch, MJ Wise, SA AF Sharpless, Katherine E. Thomas, Jeanice Brown Christopher, Steven J. Greenberg, Robert R. Sander, Lane C. Schantz, Michele M. Welch, Michael J. Wise, Stephen A. TI Standard reference materials for foods and dietary supplements SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT News Item DE dietary supplement; food; reference material; standard reference material AB Well-characterized certified reference materials are needed by laboratories in the food testing, dietary supplement, and nutrition communities to facilitate compliance with labeling laws and improve the accuracy of information provided on product labels, so that consumers can make good choices. As a result of the enactment of the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 and the Infant Formula Act of 1980, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) worked to develop a series of food-matrix standard reference materials (SRMs) characterized for nutrient concentrations. These include SRM 1544 Fatty Acids and Cholesterol in a Frozen Diet Composite, SRM 1546 Meat Homogenate, SRM 1548a Typical Diet, SRM 1566b Oyster Tissue, SRM 1846 Infant Formula, SRM 1946 Lake Superior Fish Tissue, SRM 1947 Lake Michigan Fish Tissue, SRM 2383 Baby Food Composite, SRM 2384 Baking Chocolate, SRM 2385 Slurried Spinach, and SRM 2387 Peanut Butter. With the enactment of the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994, NIST has been working to develop suites of dietary supplement SRMs characterized for active and marker compounds and for toxic elements and pesticides, where appropriate. An updated SRM 1588b Organics in Cod Liver Oil, a suite of ephedra-containing materials (SRMs 3240-3245), a carrot extract in oil (SRM 3276), and a suite of ginkgo-containing materials (SRMs 3246-3248) are available. Several other materials are currently in preparation. Dietary supplements are sometimes provided in forms that are food-like; for these, values may also be assigned for nutrients, for example SRM 3244 Ephedra-Containing Protein Powder. Both the food-matrix and dietary supplement reference materials are intended primarily for validation of analytical methods. They may also be used as "primary control materials" in assignment of values to in-house (secondary) control materials to confirm accuracy and to establish measurement traceability to NIST. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sharpless, KE (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bureau Dr Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katherine.sharpless@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X FU NIH HHS [Y1-OD-1382, Y2-OD-2331] NR 11 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 19 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 171 EP 178 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1315-y PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300018 PM 17534610 ER PT J AU Rimmer, CA Howerton, SB Sharpless, KE Sander, LC Long, SE Murphy, KE Porter, BJ Putzbach, K Rearick, MS Wise, SA Wood, LJ Zeisler, R Hancock, DK Yen, JH Betz, JM NguyenPho, A Yang, L Scriver, C Willie, S Sturgeon, R Schaneberg, B Nelson, C Skamarack, J Pan, M Levanseler, K Gray, D Waysek, EH Blatter, A Reich, E AF Rimmer, Catherine A. Howerton, Samuel B. Sharpless, Katherine E. Sander, Lane C. Long, Stephen E. Murphy, Karen E. Porter, Barbara J. Putzbach, Karsten Rearick, Michael S. Wise, Stephen A. Wood, Laura J. Zeisler, Rolf Hancock, Diane K. Yen, James H. Betz, Joseph M. NguyenPho, Agnes Yang, Lu Scriver, Christine Willie, Scott Sturgeon, Ralph Schaneberg, Brian Nelson, Christina Skamarack, Jules Pan, Meide Levanseler, Kerri Gray, Dean Waysek, Edward H. Blatter, Anne Reich, Eike TI Characterization of a suite of ginkgo-containing standard reference materials SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE liquid chromatography; mass spectrometry; Ginkgo biloba; standard reference material; dietary supplements ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EVAPORATIVE LIGHT-SCATTERING; PLASMA-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ID ICP-MS; BILOBA LEAVES; FLAVONOL AGLYCONES; EXTRACTS; CERTIFICATION; PHYTOPHARMACEUTICALS; TERPENELACTONES AB A suite of three ginkgo-containing dietary supplement Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) has been issued by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) with certified values for flavonoid aglycones, ginkgolides, bilobalide, and selected toxic trace elements. The materials represent a range of matrices (i.e., plant, extract, and finished product) that provide different analytical challenges. The constituents have been determined by at least two independent analytical methods with measurements performed by NIST and at least one collaborating laboratory. The methods utilized different extractions, chromatographic separations, modes of detection, and approaches to quantitation. The SRMs are primarily intended for method validation and for use as control materials to support the analysis of dietary supplements and related botanical materials. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIH, Off Dietary Supplement, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. US FDA, Ctr Drug Evaluat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R9, Canada. ChromaDex Inc, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. Eurofins, Petaluma, CA 94952 USA. NSF Int, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Midwest Res Inst, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. Caravan Prod, Totowa, NJ 07512 USA. CAMAG, Muttenz, Switzerland. RP Rimmer, CA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Catherine.Rimmer@nist.gov OI Yang, Lu/0000-0002-4351-2503; Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X; Sturgeon, Ralph/0000-0001-7304-3034; Willie, Scott/0000-0002-3376-0722 NR 33 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 179 EP 196 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1398-5 PG 18 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300019 PM 17619180 ER PT J AU Putzbach, K Rimmer, CA Sharpless, KE Wise, SA Sander, LC AF Putzbach, Karsten Rimmer, Catherine A. Sharpless, Katherine E. Wise, Stephen A. Sander, Lane C. TI Determination of bitter orange alkaloids in dietary supplement Standard Reference Materials by liquid chromatography with atmospheric-pressure ionization mass spectrometry SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE dietary supplement; Standard Reference Material (SRM); bitter orange alkaloids; LC-API-ES-MS; synephrine; fluorinated stationary phase ID CITRUS-AURANTIUM L.; EPHEDRINE ALKALOIDS; VAR. AMARA; ADRENERGIC AMINES; STATIONARY-PHASE; HERBAL PRODUCTS; SYNEPHRINE; SEPARATION; EXTRACTS; BODY AB A liquid chromatographic atmospheric-pressure ionization electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-API-ES-MS) method has been developed for the determination of five bitter orange alkaloids (synephrine, octopamine, n-methyltyramine, tyramine, and hordenine) in bitter orange-containing dietary supplement standard reference materials (SRMs). The materials represent a variety of natural, extracted, and processed sample matrices. Two extraction techniques were evaluated: pressurized-fluid extraction (PFE) and sonication extraction. The influence of different solvents, extraction temperatures, and pH were investigated for a plant material and a processed sample. The LC method uses a new approach for the separation of highly polar alkaloids. A fluorinated, silica-based stationary phase separated the five alkaloids and the internal standard terbutaline in less than 20 min. This method enabled the determination of the dominant alkaloid synephrine and other minor alkaloids in a variety of dietary supplement SRMs. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sander, LC (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lane.sander@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 197 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1409-6 PG 9 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300020 PM 17579842 ER PT J AU Sharpless, KE Thomas, JB Duewer, DL Putzbach, K Rimmer, CA Sander, LC Schantz, MM Wise, SA Yarita, T Yen, JH AF Sharpless, Katherine E. Thomas, Jeanice Brown Duewer, David L. Putzbach, Karsten Rimmer, Catherine A. Sander, Lane C. Schantz, Michele M. Wise, Stephen A. Yarita, Takashi Yen, James H. TI Preparation and characterization of standard reference material 3276, carrot extract in oil SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE carrot extract; carotenoid; fatty acid; standard reference material; tocopherol ID BETA-CAROTENE; CANCER; TOCOPHEROL; REDUCE; DIET AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER) and Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) are collaborating to produce a series of standard reference materials (SRMs) for dietary supplements. Standard reference material (SRM) 3276 Carrot Extract in Oil is one in this series, with values assigned for trans-alpha-carotene, trans- and total beta-carotene, delta- and gamma-tocopherol, and twelve fatty acids. Results for carotenoids and tocopherols were obtained by use of combinations of liquid chromatography (LC), on columns of differing selectivity, with absorbance and mass spectrometric (MS) detection. Fluorescence detection also was used for the tocopherols. Results for fatty acids were obtained by use of gas chromatography (GC) with both flame-ionization and mass-spectrometric detection. This material is intended for use as a primary control material when assigning values to in-house (secondary) control materials and for validation of analytical methods for measurement of these analytes in similar matrices. C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RCC Ltd, CH-4452 Itingen, Switzerland. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. RP Sharpless, KE (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM katherine.sharpless@nist.gov RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008; OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X FU NIH HHS [Y1-OD-1382, Y2-OD-2331] NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 207 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1278-z PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300021 PM 17440713 ER PT J AU Phillips, KM Wolf, WR Patterson, KY Sharpless, KE Holden, JM AF Phillips, Katherine M. Wolf, Wayne R. Patterson, Kristine Y. Sharpless, Katherine E. Holden, Joanne M. TI Reference materials to evaluate measurement systems for the nutrient composition of foods: results from USDA's National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program (NFNAP) SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE reference materials; uncertainty; accuracy; food composition data ID CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS; VALUE ASSIGNMENT; ASCORBIC-ACID; CERTIFICATION; CAROTENOIDS; HPLC AB Over a 6.5-year period a total of 2554 values were reported by nine laboratories for 259 certified or reference nutrient concentrations in 26 certified reference materials (CRM) submitted to contract laboratories, blinded, as part of the qualifying process for analytical contracts and in the routine sample stream as part of the National Food and Nutrient Analysis Program. Each value was converted to a Z'-score, reflecting the difference from the assigned value related to the combined expected analytical uncertainty plus the uncertainty in the CRM value. Z'-scores >|3.0| were considered unacceptable. For some nutrients (Na, folate, dietary fiber, pantothenic acid, thiamin, tocopherols, carotenoids, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids), > 20% of Z'-scores were >|3.0|. For total fat, vitamin C, and niacin > 25% of Z'-scores were >|2.0|. Components for which CRM data were best (more than 90% of Z'-scores <|2.0|) were Mg, P, Mn, Se, and vitamin B12. In some cases deviations from assigned values were not uniform across laboratories and materials. For Na almost all high Z'-scores were for low-Na matrices, suggesting analytical problems related to concentration. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. USDA, Food Composit Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. USDA, Nutrient Data Lab, Beltsville Human Nutr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, KM (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Biochem, 304 Engel Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM kmpvpi@vt.edu OI Phillips, Katherine/0000-0002-4586-8538; Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X FU NHLBI NIH HHS [Y1-HV-8116, Y1-HV-8116-11] NR 30 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 389 IS 1 BP 219 EP 229 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1366-0 PG 11 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 203KU UT WOS:000248974300022 PM 17583804 ER PT J AU Shackman, JG Ross, D AF Shackman, Jonathan G. Ross, David TI Gradient elution isotachophoresis for enrichment and separation of biomolecules SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY-ZONE-ELECTROPHORESIS; TRANSIENT ISOTACHOPHORESIS; COUNTER-FLOW; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; CARRIER AMPHOLYTE; SAMPLE STACKING; SENSITIVITY; CHIP; PROTEINS; PRECONCENTRATION AB A novel format for performing capillary isotachophoresis (ITP) is described-gradient elution ITP (GEITP). GEITP merges the recently described electrophoretic separation technique of gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE) with an ITP enrichment step. GEMBE utilizes a combination of continuous sample injection with a pressure-controlled counterflow; as the counterflow is reduced, analytes are sequentially eluted onto the separation column and detected as boundary interfaces. By incorporating leading electrolytes into the counterflow and terminating electrolytes into the sample matrix, an ionic interface can be formed near the capillary inlet. The discontinuous buffer system forms highly enriched analyte zones outside of the capillary, which are then eluted onto the separation capillary as the counterflow is reduced. Separation of fluorescent analytes was achieved either through discrete electrolyte spacers added to the sample or by using ampholyte mixtures to form a continuum of spacers. As the ITP process occurs off-column, extremely short length separations can be achieved, as demonstrated by a separation in 30 mu m. The effects of various parameters on the GEITP enrichment process are investigated, including initial counterflow rates, electric field, leading electrolyte concentration, and counterflow acceleration, which is an adjustable parameter allowing for highly flexible separations. Typical enhancements in limits of detection and sensitivity were greater than 10000-fold and were achieved in less than 2 min, yielding low-picomolar detection limits using arc lamp illumination and low-cost CCD detection. An optimized system afforded greater than 100000-fold improvement in detection of carboxyfluorescein in 8 min. Specific examples of enrichment and separation demonstrated include the following: small dye molecules, DNA, amino acid mixtures, and protein mixtures. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.ross@nist.gov NR 36 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 25 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 17 BP 6641 EP 6649 DI 10.1021/ac070857f PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 207HT UT WOS:000249242900034 PM 17676924 ER PT J AU Brennan, T Persily, A Clarkin, M Emmerich, S AF Brennan, Terry Persily, Andrew Clarkin, Michael Emmerich, Steve TI Measuring airtightness at ASHRAE headquarters SO ASHRAE JOURNAL LA English DT Article C1 Camroden Associates, Westmoreland, NY 13490 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brennan, T (reprint author), Camroden Associates, Westmoreland, NY 13490 USA. RI Emmerich, Steven/F-4661-2010 NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC HEATING REFRIGERATING AIR-CONDITIONING ENG, INC, PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2491 J9 ASHRAE J JI ASHRAE J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 49 IS 9 BP 26 EP + PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 220AW UT WOS:000250130300007 ER PT J AU Reay, DS Smith, P Hymus, G Sabine, C AF Reay, David S. Smith, Pete Hymus, Graham Sabine, Chris TI New Directions: The changing role of the terrestrial carbon sink in determining atmospheric CO2 concentrations SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article C1 Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Aberdeen AB23 2TZ, Scotland. No Arizona Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. NOAA, Pacific Marine Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Reay, DS (reprint author), Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Crew Bldg,Kings Bldgs, Edinburgh EH9 3JN, Midlothian, Scotland. EM david.reay@ed.ac.uk RI Smith, Pete/G-1041-2010; Reay, David/F-4054-2010 OI Smith, Pete/0000-0002-3784-1124; NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 41 IS 27 BP 5813 EP 5815 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.07.001 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 205WH UT WOS:000249144800023 ER PT J AU Townsend, HM Anderson, DJ AF Townsend, Howard M. Anderson, David J. TI Production of insurance eggs in Nazca boobies: costs, benefits, and variable parental quality SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE clutch size; cost of reproduction; insurance hypothesis; model selection; multistate mark-recapture models; parental quality ID CAPTURE-RECAPTURE MODELS; BLUE-FOOTED BOOBY; BROOD REDUCTION; MARKED ANIMALS; SULA-GRANTI; HYPOTHESES; SURVIVAL; REPRODUCTION; EVOLUTION; OPTIMISM AB Numerous studies of birds have demonstrated the value of producing insurance eggs. We have previously found that second eggs provide insurance against failure of first eggs for Nazca boobies (Sula granti), which raise only one chick to fledging, yet some females lay only one egg. We used an 8-year data set to compare 2 hypotheses for clutch size variation: one based oil trade-offs, predicting declining future performance by females that lay a costly second egg and one based on parental quality, predicting that intrinsically superior females lay 2 eggs both currently and in the future. Clutch size variation did not contribute to the best multistate mark-recapture model of survival, suggesting that clutch size and survival are unrelated and that any survival cost of reproduction related to laying second eggs is small. Transition probabilities between reproductive states were generally, but not entirely, inconsistent with fecundity costs of producing a marginal egg. Parental quality effects were apparent, with females tending to remain in a given reproductive state across seasons. Parents producing a marginal egg had consistently higher breeding Success than did parents of I-egg clutches, due principally to the insurance effect and secondarily to differences in parental quality after hatching. Different model selection approaches gave differing results for logistic regression analyses of breeding success of females that hatched eggs. A conventional significance-testing, iterative-fitting approach excluded insurance state from the top model, whereas the information-theoretic (I-T) approach detected an association between current insurance state and Subsequent survival and fecundity. Using the I-T approach, potentially biological significant (but not statistically significant under conventional analysis) effects were detected that may otherwise have been ignored. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Anderson, DJ (reprint author), Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, POB 7325, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. EM da@wfu.edu NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 1045-2249 J9 BEHAV ECOL JI Behav. Ecol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 18 IS 5 BP 841 EP 848 DI 10.1093/beheco/arm056 PG 8 WC Behavioral Sciences; Biology; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 211BC UT WOS:000249498300005 ER PT J AU Gilman, E Kobayashi, D Swenarton, T Brothers, N Dalzell, P Kinan-Kelly, I AF Gilman, Eric Kobayashi, Donald Swenarton, Tom Brothers, Nigel Dalzell, Paul Kinan-Kelly, Irene TI Reducing sea turtle interactions in the Hawaii-based longline swordfish fishery SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE bycatch; Hawaii; leatherback; loggerhead; mitigation; longline fisheries ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; CENTRAL NORTH PACIFIC; SHARK POPULATIONS; CARETTA-CARETTA; LOGGERHEAD TURTLES; PELAGIC LONGLINES; BY-CATCH; MORTALITY; ATLANTIC; OCEAN AB The reduction of sea turtle mortality in fisheries may contribute to recovering populations. To reduce turtle interactions, regulations for the Hawaii-based longline swordfish fishery required vessels to switch from using a J-shaped hook with squid bait to a wider circle-shaped hook with fish bait. Analyses of observer data showed that, following the introduction of the regulations, significant and large reductions in sea turtle and shark capture rates occurred without compromising target species catches. Capture rates of leatherback and loggerhead turtles significantly declined by 83% and 90%, respectively. The swordfish catch rate significantly increased by 16%. However, combined tuna species and combined mahimahi, opah, and wahoo catch rates significantly declined by 50% and 34%, respectively. The shark catch rate significantly declined by 36%, highlighting the potential for the use of fish instead of squid for bait to contribute to addressing concerns over the sustainability of current levels of shark exploitation. There was also a highly significant reduction in the proportion of turtles that swallowed hooks (versus being hooked in the mouth or body or entangled) and a highly significant increase in the proportion of caught turtles that were released after removal of all terminal tackle, which may increase the likelihood of turtles surviving the interaction. A quarter of turtle captures were in clusters (> 1 turtle caught per set and consecutive sets with turtle captures), which is substantially higher than predicted by chance if the events were independent. This suggests that turtles aggregate at foraging grounds and that instituting methods to avoid real-time turtle bycatch hotspots may further reduce turtle interactions. There was no significant correlation between turtle and swordfish catch rates (vessels with high swordfish CPUE do not necessarily have high turtle CPUE), indicating that there may be a fishing practice or gear design causing some vessels to have low turtle catch rates without compromising swordfish catch rates. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Blue Ocean Inst, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Tasmania, Sch Geog & Environm Studies, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. US NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Technol Sydney, Dept Environm Sci, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Western Pacific Reg Fishery Management Council, Honolulu, HI 96813 USA. RP Gilman, E (reprint author), Blue Ocean Inst, 2718 Napuaa Pl, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM egilman@blueocean.org; donald.kobayashi@noaa.gov; tom.swenarton@noaa.gov; brothersbone@yahoo.com.au; paul.dalzell@noaa.gov; Irene.kinan@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 88 Z9 93 U1 3 U2 32 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 139 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2007.06.002 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 217GC UT WOS:000249935400003 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK Burguera, EF Carey, LE AF Xu, Hockin H. K. Burguera, Elena F. Carey, Lisa E. TI Strong, macroporous, and in situ-setting calcium phosphate cement-layered structures SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Review DE calcium phosphate cement; hydroxyapatite; strength; macroporosity; layered structure; bone repair ID HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; BONE REGENERATION; APATITE CEMENT; PART I; SCAFFOLD; STRENGTH; REINFORCEMENT; COMPOSITES; DIHYDRATE AB Calcium phosphate cement (CPC) is highly promising for clinical uses due to its in situ-setting ability, excellent osteoconductivity and 14 bone-replacement capability. However, the low strength limits its use to non-load-bearing applications. The objectives of this study were to develop a layered CPC structure by combining a macroporous CPC layer with a strong CPC layer, and to investigate the effects of porosity and layer thickness ratios. The rationale was for the macroporous layer to accept tissue ingrowth, while the fiber-reinforced strong layer would provide the needed early-strength. A biopolymer chitosan was incorporated to strengthen both layers. Flexural strength, S (mean +/- sd; n = 6) of CPC-scaffold decreased from (9.7 +/- 1.2) to (1.8 +/- 0.3) MPa (p < 0.05), when the porosity increased from 44.6% to 66.2%. However, with a strong-layer reinforcement, S increased to (25.2 +/- 6.7) and (10.0 +/- 1.4) MPa, respectively, at these two A porosities. These strengths matched/exceeded the reported strengths of sintered porous hydroxyapatite implants and cancellous bone. Relationships were established between S and the ratio of strong layer thickness/specimen thickness, a/h:S = (17.6 a/h + 3.2) MPa. The scaffold contained macropores with a macropore length (mean + sd; n = 147) of (183 + 73) pm, suitable for cell infiltration and tissue ingrowth. Nano-sized hydroxyapatite crystals were observed to form the scaffold matrix of CPC with chitosan. In summary, a layered CPC implant, combining a macroporous CPC with a strong CPC, was developed. Mechanical strength and macroporosity are conflicting requirements. However, the novel functionally graded CPC enabled a relatively high strength and macroporosity to be simultaneously achieved. Such an in situ-hardening nano-apatite may be useful in moderate stress-bearing applications, with macroporosity to enhance tissue ingrowth and implant resorption. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenberger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenberger Res Ctr, 100 Bureau Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hockin.xu@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE014190-01A2, R01 DE014190, DE14190, R01 DE014190-02, R01 DE014190-03, R01 DE014190-04, R01 DE014190-05, R01 DE014190-06] NR 48 TC 54 Z9 59 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD SEP PY 2007 VL 28 IS 26 BP 3786 EP 3796 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.05.015 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 202BA UT WOS:000248875300003 PM 17574665 ER PT J AU Kipper, MJ Kleinman, HK Wang, FW AF Kipper, Matt J. Kleinman, Hynda K. Wang, Francis W. TI New method for Modeling connective-tissue cell migration: Improved accuracy on motility parameters SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID LAMININ ALPHA-1 CHAIN; HUMAN-NEUTROPHILS; STOCHASTIC-MODEL; CHEMOTAXIS; FIBRONECTIN; PEPTIDES; IDENTIFICATION; GRADIENTS; MOVEMENT; TRACKING AB Mathematical models of cell migration based on persistent random walks have been successfully applied to describe the motility of several cell types. However, the migration of slowly moving connective-tissue cells, such as fibroblasts, is difficult to observe experimentally and difficult to describe theoretically. We identify two primary sources of this difficulty. First, cells such as fibroblasts tend to migrate slowly and change shape during migration. This makes accurate determination of cell position difficult. Second, the cell population is considerably heterogeneous with respect to cell speed. Here we develop a method for fitting connective-tissue cell migration data to persistent random walk models, which accounts for these two significant sources of error and enables accurate determination of the cell motility parameters. We demonstrate the usefulness of this method for modeling both isotropic cell motility and biased cell motility, where the migration of a population of cells is influenced by a gradient in a surface-bound adhesive peptide. This method can discern differences in the motility of populations of cells at different points along the peptide gradient and can therefore be used as a tool to quantify the effects of peptide concentration and gradient magnitude on cell migration. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Natl Inst Dental & Craniofacial Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Wang, FW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM francis.wang@nist.gov RI Kipper, Matt/B-6941-2013 OI Kipper, Matt/0000-0002-8818-745X NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOCIETY PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 93 IS 5 BP 1797 EP 1808 DI 10.1529/biophysj.106.096800 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 199VB UT WOS:000248722200035 PM 17483177 ER PT J AU Grachev, AA Andreas, EL Fairall, CW Guest, PS Persson, POG AF Grachev, Andrey A. Andreas, Edgar L. Fairall, Christopher W. Guest, Peter S. Persson, P. Ola G. TI SHEBA flux-profile relationships in the stable atmospheric boundary layer SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE Arctic Ocean; flux-profile relationships; Monin-Obukhov similarity theory; SHEBA experiment; stable boundary layer ID MONIN-OBUKHOV SIMILARITY; FREQUENCY-RESPONSE CORRECTIONS; SURFACE-LAYER; GRADIENT RELATIONSHIPS; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; STRONG STABILITY; WIND-SPEED; TEMPERATURE; ICE; CONSTANT AB Measurements of atmospheric turbulence made during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean Experiment (SHEBA) are used to examine the profile stability functions of momentum, phi m, and sensible heat, phi h, in the stably stratified boundary layer over the Arctic pack ice. Turbulent fluxes and mean meteorological data that cover different surface conditions and a wide range of stability conditions were continuously measured and reported hourly at five levels on a 20-m main tower for 11 months. The comprehensive dataset collected during SHEBA allows studying phi m and phi h in detail and includes ample data for the very stable case. New parameterizations for phi m(zeta) and phi h(zeta) in stable conditions are proposed to describe the SHEBA data; these cover the entire range of the stability parameter zeta = z/L from neutral to very stable conditions, where L is the Obukhov length and z is the measurement height. In the limit of very strong stability, phi m follows a zeta(1/3) dependence, whereas phi h initially increases with increasing zeta, reaches a maximum at zeta approximate to 10, and then tends to level off with increasing zeta. The effects of self-correlation, which occur in plots of phi m and phi h versus zeta, are reduced by using an independent bin-averaging method instead of conventional averaging. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA USA. RP Grachev, AA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. EM Andrey.Grachev@noaa.gov OI GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 NR 62 TC 79 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 17 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 EI 1573-1472 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 124 IS 3 BP 315 EP 333 DI 10.1007/s10546-007-9177-6 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 195MX UT WOS:000248417400001 ER PT J AU Knapp, KR Bates, JJ Barkstrom, B AF Knapp, Kenneth R. Bates, John J. Barkstrom, Bruce TI Scientific data stewardship - Lessons learned from a satellite-data rescue effort SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Knapp, KR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Ken.Knapp@noaa.gov RI Bates, John/D-1012-2009; Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011 OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406; NR 0 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1359 EP 1361 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-9-1359 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 220OQ UT WOS:000250166400001 ER PT J AU Meehl, GA Covey, C Delworth, T Latif, M McAvaney, B Mitchell, JFB Stouffer, RJ Taylor, KE AF Meehl, Gerald A. Covey, Curt Delworth, Thomas Latif, Mojib McAvaney, Bryant Mitchell, John F. B. Stouffer, Ronald J. Taylor, Karl E. TI The WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset - A new era in climate change research SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MODEL INTERCOMPARISON PROJECT; CIRCULATION; OCEAN; 20TH-CENTURY; VARIABILITY; EXTREMES; ENSEMBLE AB A coordinated set of global coupled climate model [atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM)] experiments for twentieth- and twenty-first- century climate, as well as several climate change commitment and other experiments, was run by 16 modeling groups from 11 countries with 23 models for assessment in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change-(IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Since the assessment was completed, output from another model has been added to the dataset, so the participation is now 17 groups from 12 countries with 24 models. This effort, as well as the subsequent analysis phase, was organized by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Working Group on Coupled Models (WGCM) Climate Simulation Panel, and constitutes the third phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3). The dataset is called the WCRP CMIP3 multimodel dataset, and represents the largest and most comprehensive international global coupled climate model experiment and multimodel analysis effort ever attempted. As of March 2007, the Program for Climate Model Diagnostics and Intercomparison (PCMDI) has collected, archived, and served roughly 32 TB of model data. With oversight from the panel, the multimodel data were made openly available from PCMDI for analysis and academic applications. Over 171 TB of data had been downloaded among the more than 1000 registered users to date. Over 200 journal articles, based in part on the dataset, have been published 23 as so far. Though initially aimed at the IPCC AR4, this unique and valuable resource will continue to be maintained for at least the next several years. Never before has such` an extensive set of climate model simulations been made available to the international climate science community for study. The ready access to the multimodel dataset opens up these types of model analyses to researchers, including students, who previously could not obtain state-of-the-art climate model output, and thus represents a new era in climate change research. As a direct consequence, these ongoing studies are increasing the body of knowledge regarding our understanding of how the climate system currently works, and how it may change in the future. (Page 1383) in at C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Program Climate Model Diag & Intercomparison, Livermore, CA USA. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Inst Meereswissenschaf, Kiel, Germany. Res Ctr, Bureau Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. RP Meehl, GA (reprint author), Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM meehl@ncar.ucar.edu RI Taylor, Karl/F-7290-2011; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014; Latif, Mojib/C-2428-2016 OI Taylor, Karl/0000-0002-6491-2135; Latif, Mojib/0000-0003-1079-5604 NR 29 TC 1559 Z9 1593 U1 20 U2 183 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1383 EP 1394 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-9-1383 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 220OQ UT WOS:000250166400004 ER PT J AU Toth, Z Pena, M Vintzileos, A AF Toth, Zoltan Pena, Malaquias Vintzileos, Augustin TI Bridging the gap between weather and climate forecasting - Research priorities for intraseasonal prediction SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Sci Appl Int Corp EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA. UCAR, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Sci Appl Int Corp EMC, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Toth, Z (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Room 807, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Zoltan.Toth@noaa.gov RI Toth, Zoltan/I-6624-2015 OI Toth, Zoltan/0000-0002-9635-9194 NR 1 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 88 IS 9 BP 1427 EP 1429 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-9-1427 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 220OQ UT WOS:000250166400007 ER PT J AU Spies, IB Anderson, EC Naish, K Bentzen, P AF Spies, Ingrid B. Anderson, Eric C. Naish, Kerry Bentzen, Paul TI Evidence for the existence of a native population of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) and subsequent introgression with introduced populations in a Pacific Northwest watershed SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CROSS-SPECIES AMPLIFICATION; MICROSATELLITE LOCI; CHINOOK SALMON; SALAR; WASHINGTON; SELECTION AB The Lake Washington watershed (Washington, USA) has been the recipient of numerous transplantations of nonnative Oncorhynchus nerka (both sockeye salmon and their landlocked form, kokanee) over the past century and currently contains self-sustaining populations of both ecotypes. Microsatellite DNA markers were used to identify native and introduced groups while characterizing population structure. This study confirmed that Baker Lake sockeye transplantations during the 20th century contributed to three current sockeye populations: Cedar River, Issaquah Creek, and Pleasure Point Beach in the Lake Washington watershed. Distinctive allele distributions at two loci, One101 and One114, provide evidence that a fourth Lake Washington sockeye population, Bear Creek, is divergent from other Lake Washington sockeye and may be of substantially native origin despite heavy stocking activity in the watershed over the past century. Data from these loci also suggest the presence of native genes in populations that had been regarded as entirely of introduced origin. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Spies, IB (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mol Ecol Res Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM ingrid.spies@noaa.gov RI Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014 OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778 NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 64 IS 9 BP 1209 EP 1221 DI 10.1139/F07-086 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 217UV UT WOS:000249973700005 ER PT J AU Hare, JA Walsh, HJ AF Hare, Jonathan A. Walsh, Harvey J. TI Planktonic linkages among marine protected areas on the south Florida and southeast United States continental shelves SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; GULF-STREAM; LARVAL DISPERSAL; LAGRANGIAN CIRCULATION; SPAWNING AGGREGATIONS; TRANSPORT PATHWAYS; ECOLOGICAL-RESERVE; POPULATIONS; RECRUITMENT; RETENTION AB One proposed benefit of marine protected areas (MPAs) is increased larval export, potentially increasing recruitment in unprotected areas. Because most marine species have planktonic larvae, information regarding planktonic transport is needed to evaluate the benefit of larval export. We used satellite-tracked drifters to define planktonic transport routes and rates from three MPAs along the south Florida and southeast United States (US) continental shelves. Drifter tracks indicated both long-distance transport and local retention. A probability model was developed based on drifter releases. The region was broken into zones; zone-specific residence times and movements between zones were defined from the drifter tracks. Transport out of the region in association with the Loop Current - Florida Current - Gulf Stream was the most frequently observed outcome, yet retention was high in the lower Florida Keys and on the Georgia shelf. From the model results, long-distance planktonic transport and local retention are the endpoints of a continuum rather than a dichotomy. Further, the outcome of planktonic transport is spatially heterogeneous with some regions exhibiting more retention and others exhibiting more export. The spatial aspects of planktonic transport described here should be considered in designing MPAs with fishery management objectives in the south Florida and southeast US shelf ecosystems. C1 NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Hare, JA (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, NEFSC, Narragansett Lab, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM jon.hare@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 64 IS 9 BP 1234 EP 1247 DI 10.1139/F07-089 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 217UV UT WOS:000249973700007 ER PT J AU Smith, FL Harvey, AH AF Smith, Francis L. Harvey, Allan H. TI Avoid common pitfalls when using Henry's law SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROGRESS LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; INFINITE DILUTION; HIGH-TEMPERATURES; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; STATE; NONELECTROLYTES; CONSTANTS; HYDRATION; EQUATION; SOLUTES C1 Wilcrest Consulting Associates LLC, Katy, TX 77450 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Smith, FL (reprint author), Wilcrest Consulting Associates LLC, 2326 Bristol Band, Katy, TX 77450 USA. EM leesmith@attglobal.net; aharvey@boulder.nist.gov NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST CHEMICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA 3 PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5901 USA SN 0360-7275 J9 CHEM ENG PROG JI Chem. Eng. Prog. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 103 IS 9 BP 33 EP 39 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 214NG UT WOS:000249744400026 ER PT J AU Phelan, FR Bauer, BJ AF Phelan, Frederick R., Jr. Bauer, Barry J. TI Simulation of nanotube separation in field-flow fractionation (FFF) SO CHEMICAL ENGINEERING SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE brownian dynamics; flow-field fractionation; jeffrey equation; nanombes; separations; SWNT ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES; DYNAMIC SIMULATION; FIBER SUSPENSIONS; LENGTH SEPARATION; DIELECTROPHORETIC SEPARATION; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; CONCENTRATED SUSPENSIONS; FLEXIBLE FIBERS; RIGID FIBERS; SHEAR-FLOW AB A Brownian dynamics simulation based on a prolate spheroid particle model has been developed to model the separation of nanotubes in cross flow driven, field-flow fractionation (FFF). The particle motions are governed by stochastic forms of a linear momentum balance with orientation dependent drag and diffusion coefficients, and the Jeffrey equation with rotational diffusion. The simulation shows that nanotube scale particles would be expected to elute by a normal mode mechanism up to aspect ratios of about 1000, based on a particle diameter of 1 nm. Separation of nanotubes of different length is governed by the value of the retention variable for each component in agreement with theory. Elution profiles and average velocity through the device as a function of particle size, and the flow rates in the throughput and cross-flow directions are examined. The simulation shows that clean separations between components of different size is achieved when the ratio of the retention values is greater than 2. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phelan, FR (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frederick.phelan@nist.gov NR 66 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0009-2509 EI 1873-4405 J9 CHEM ENG SCI JI Chem. Eng. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 62 IS 17 BP 4620 EP 4635 DI 10.1016/j.ces.2007.04.019 PG 16 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 207DY UT WOS:000249233000011 ER PT J AU Lin, YP Zhao, CS Peng, L Fang, YY AF Lin YunPing Zhao ChunSheng Peng Li Fang YuanYuan TI A new method to calculate monthly CO emissions using MOPITT satellite data SO CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE CO; emission; MOPITT; MOZART ID TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CHINA AB A new method is developed to calculate monthly CO emission data using MOZART modeled and MOPITT observed CO data in 2004. New CO emission data were obtained with budget analysis of the processes controlling CO concentration such as surface emission, transport, chemical transform and dry deposition. MOPITT data were used to constrain the model simulation. New CO emission data agree well with Horowitz's emissions in the spatial distributions. Horowitz's emissions are found to underestimate CO emissions significantly in the industrial areas of Asia and North America, where high CO emissions are mainly due to the anthropogenic activities. New CO emissions can better reflect the more recent CO actual emissions than Horowitz's. C1 Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Lin, YP (reprint author), Peking Univ, Sch Phys, Dept Atmospher Sci, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. EM yplin@pek.edu.cn RI Zhao, Chunsheng/D-1176-2011; Fang, Yuanyuan/F-1308-2011 OI Zhao, Chunsheng/0000-0003-1951-379X; Fang, Yuanyuan/0000-0001-7067-7103 NR 18 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1001-6538 J9 CHINESE SCI BULL JI Chin. Sci. Bull. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 52 IS 18 BP 2551 EP 2558 DI 10.1007/s11434-007-0349-z PG 8 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 216YS UT WOS:000249915500014 ER PT J AU Wang, CZ AF Wang, Chunzai TI Variability of the Caribbean Low-Level Jet and its relations to climate SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE TRANSPORT; HEMISPHERE WARM POOL; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; MIDSUMMER DROUGHT; SUMMER RAINFALL; UNITED-STATES; AMERICA; MEXICO; SEA; OSCILLATION AB A maximum of easterly zonal wind at 925 hPa in the Caribbean region is called the Caribbean Low-Level Jet (CLLJ). Observations show that the easterly CLLJ varies semi-annually, with two maxima in the summer and winter and two minima in the fall and spring. Associated with the summertime strong CLLJ are a maximum of sea level pressure (SLP), a relative minimum of rainfall (the mid-summer drought), and a minimum of tropical cyclogenesis in July in the Caribbean Sea. It is found that both the meridional gradients of sea surface temperature (SST) and SLP show a semi-annual feature, consistent with the semi-annual variation of the CLLJ. The CLLJ anomalies vary with the Caribbean SLP anomalies that are connected to the variation of the North Atlantic Subtropical High (NASH). In association with the cold (warm) Caribbean SST anomalies, the atmosphere shows the high (low) SLP anomalies near the Caribbean region that are consistent with the anomalously strong (weak) easterly CLLJ. The CLLJ is also remotely related to the SST anomalies in the Pacific and Atlantic, reflecting that these SST variations affect the NASH. During the winter, warm (cold) SST anomalies in the tropical Pacific correspond to a weak (strong) easterly CLLJ. However, this relationship is reversed during the summer. This is because the effects of ENSO on the NASH are opposite during the winter and summer. The CLLJ varies in phase with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) since a strong (weak) NASH is associated with a strengthening (weakening) of both the CLLJ and the NAO. The CLLJ is positively correlated with the 925-hPa meridional wind anomalies from the ocean to the United States via the Gulf of Mexico. Thus, the CLLJ and the meridional wind carry moisture from the ocean to the central United States, usually resulting in an opposite (or dipole) rainfall pattern in the tropical North Atlantic Ocean and Atlantic warm pool versus the central United States. C1 NOAA Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Wang, CZ (reprint author), NOAA Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Chunzai.Wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308 NR 30 TC 85 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 4 BP 411 EP 422 DI 10.1007/s00382-007-0243-z PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 188ON UT WOS:000247929300005 ER PT J AU Dodder, NG Tai, SSC Sniegoski, LT Zhang, NF Welch, MJ AF Dodder, Nathan G. Tai, Susan S. -C. Sniegoski, Lorna T. Zhang, Nien F. Welch, Michael J. TI Certification of creatinine in a human serum reference material by GC-MS and LC-MS SO CLINICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DILUTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; CANDIDATE DEFINITIVE METHOD; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL AB Background: To meet recommendations given by the Laboratory Working Group of the National Kidney Disease Education Program for improving serum creatinine measurements, NIST developed standard reference material (SRM) 967 Creatinine in Frozen Human Serum. SRM 967 is intended for use by laboratories and in vitro diagnostic equipment manufacturers for the calibration and evaluation of routine clinical methods. Methods: The SRM was produced from 2 serum pools with different creatinine concentrations. The concentrations were certified using a higher-order isotope-dilution GC-MS method and an isotope-dilution LC-MS method. The LC-MS method is a potential higher-order reference measurement procedure. Results: The GC-MS mean (CV) concentrations were 67.0 (0.9%) mu mol/L for serum pool 1 and 346.1 (0.4 %) mu mol/L for serum pool 2. The LC-MS results were 66.1 (0.2%) mu mol/L and 346.1 (0.2%) mu mol/L, respectively. For serum pool 1, there was a 1.4% difference between the mean GC-MS and LC-MS measurements, and a 0.10% difference for serum pool 2. The results from the 2 methods were combined to give the certified concentrations and expanded uncertainties. Conclusions: The certified concentration (expanded uncertainty) of SRM 967 Was 66.5 (1.8) mu mol/L, for serum pool I (a value close to the diagnostically important concentration of 88.4 mu mol/L) and 346.2 (7.4) mu mol/L for serum pool 2 (a concentration corresponding to that expected in a patient with chronic kidney disease). (c) 2007 American Association for Clinical Chemistry C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dodder, NG (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nathan.dodder@nist.gov RI Dodder, Nathan/C-7971-2015 OI Dodder, Nathan/0000-0001-5913-1767 NR 22 TC 37 Z9 40 U1 4 U2 6 PU AMER ASSOC CLINICAL CHEMISTRY PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 L STREET NW, SUITE 202, WASHINGTON, DC 20037-1526 USA SN 0009-9147 J9 CLIN CHEM JI Clin. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 53 IS 9 BP 1694 EP 1699 DI 10.1373/clinchem.2007.090027 PG 6 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 206OP UT WOS:000249193100019 PM 17660272 ER PT J AU Shapo, JL Moeller, PD Galloway, SB AF Shapo, Jacqueline L. Moeller, Peter D. Galloway, Sylvia B. TI Antimicrobial activity in the common seawhip, Leptogorgia virgulata (Cnidaria : Gorgonaceae) SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial activity; coral innate immunity; homarine; leptogorgia virgulata; liquid growth inhibition assay; secondary metabolite; octocoral; gorgonian ID MARINE NATURAL-PRODUCTS; ANTARCTIC SOFT CORALS; METHYL PICOLINIC ACID; SCLERACTINIAN CORALS; ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY; GORGONIAN CORALS; INNATE IMMUNITY; HOMARINE; METABOLITES; OCTOCORALLIA AB Antimicrobial activity was examined in the gorgonian Leptogorgia virgulata (common seawhip) from South Carolina waters. Extraction and assay protocols were developed to identify antimicrobial activity in crude extracts of L. virgulata. Detection was determined by liquid growth inhibition assays using Escherichia coli BL21, Vibrio harveyii, Micrococcus luteus, and a Bacillus sp. isolate. This represents the first report of antimicrobial activity in L. virgulata, a temperate/sub-tropical coral of the western Atlantic Ocean. Results from growth inhibition assays guided a fractionation scheme to identify active compounds. Reverse-phase HPLC, HPLC-mass spectrometry, and H-1 and C-13 NMR spectroscopy were used to isolate, purify, and characterize metabolites in antimicrobial fractions of L. virgulata. Corroborative HPLC-MS/NMR evidence validated the presence of homarine and a homarine analog, well-known emetic metabolites previously isolated from L. virgulata, in coral extracts. In subsequent assays, partially-purified L. virgulata fractions collected from HPLC-MS fractionation were shown to contain antimicrobial activity using M. luteus and V harveyii. This study provides evidence that homarine is an active constituent of the innate immune system in L. virgulata. We speculate it may act synergistically with cofactors and/or congeners in this octocoral to mount a response to microbial invasion and disease. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NOAA, NOS, CCEHBR, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. RP Galloway, SB (reprint author), Grice Marine Lab, 205 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Sylvia.Galloway@noaa.gov RI De La Cour, Jacqueline/E-7920-2011 NR 61 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 148 IS 1 BP 65 EP 73 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.04.019 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 206OU UT WOS:000249193600008 PM 17574467 ER PT J AU Lyle, JR Wozar, M AF Lyle, James R. Wozar, Mark TI Issues with imaging drives containing faulty sectors SO DIGITAL INVESTIGATION LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual DFRWS Conference 2007 CY AUG 13-15, 2007 CL Pittsburgh, PA DE acquisition of digital data; hard drive imaging; iximager; testing forensic tools; faulty sectors; linux; FreeBSD; DCFLdd; DCCIdd; dd AB In the ideal situation when imaging a hard drive, all sectors are completely and accurately acquired and saved to an image file. In reality, occasionally drives will contain faulty sectors such that the original content of the faulty sector cannot be acquired with typical imaging tools. We report on several experiments using non-commercial imaging tools and their behavior when encountering faulty sectors on a hard drive. Investigators should be aware of some behaviors exhibited by the tools that we examined. For example, some accessible sectors adjacent to a faulty sector may be missed when imaged directly from the ATA interface. In addition, more sectors were missed adjacent to the faulty sector when a drive was imaged over the firewire interface using a write blocker. (C) 2007 DFRWS. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lyle, James R.; Wozar, Mark] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lyle, JR (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8970, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jlyle@nist.gov; mark.wozar@nist.gov NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1742-2876 J9 DIGIT INVEST JI Digit. Investig. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 4 SU 1 BP S13 EP S15 DI 10.1016/j.diin.2007.06.002 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 294RS UT WOS:000255423800003 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, M AF Fujiwara, Masami TI Extinction-effective population index: Incorporating life-history variations in population viability analysis SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE branching process models; demographic stochasticity; effective population size; lineage extinction probability; matrix population model; Pacific salmonids; population viability analysis (PVA); stage-structured model ID DEMOGRAPHY; DYNAMICS; GROWTH; TRENDS AB Viability status of populations is a commonly used measure for decision-making in the management of populations. One of the challenges faced by managers is the need to consistently allocate management effort among populations. This allocation should in part be based on comparison of extinction risks among populations. Unfortunately, common criteria that use minimum viable population size or count-based population viability analysis (PVA) often do not provide results that are comparable among populations, primarily because they lack consistency in determining population size measures and threshold levels of population size (e.g., minimum viable population size and quasi-extinction threshold). Here I introduce a new index called the "extinction-effective population index," which accounts for differential effects of demographic stochasticity among organisms with different life-history strategies and among individuals in different life stages. This index is expected to become a new way of determining minimum viable population size criteria and also complement the count-based PVA. The index accounts for the difference in life-history strategies of organisms, which are modeled using matrix population models. The extinction-effective population index, sensitivity, and elasticity are demonstrated in three species of Pacific salmonids. The interpretation of the index is also provided by comparing them with existing demographic indices. Finally, a measure of life-history-specific effect of demographic stochasticity is derived. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Fujiwara, M (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM masami.fujiwara@noaa.gov RI Fujiwara, Masami/C-3115-2012 OI Fujiwara, Masami/0000-0002-9255-6043 NR 30 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 27 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 EI 1939-9170 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD SEP PY 2007 VL 88 IS 9 BP 2345 EP 2353 DI 10.1890/06-1405.1 PG 9 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 211CC UT WOS:000249500900019 PM 17918411 ER PT J AU Resing, JA Lebon, G Baker, ET Lupton, JE Embley, RW Massoth, GJ Chadwick, WW De Ronde, CEJ AF Resing, J. A. Lebon, G. Baker, E. T. Lupton, J. E. Embley, R. W. Massoth, G. J. Chadwick, W. W., Jr. De Ronde, C. E. J. TI Venting of acid-sulfate fluids in a high-sulfidation setting at NW rota-1 submarine volcano on the mariana arc SO ECONOMIC GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PAPUA-NEW-GUINEA; FLOW-INJECTION-ANALYSIS; MAGMATIC-HYDROTHERMAL SYSTEM; EASTERN MANUS BASIN; SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETECTION; GOLD MINERALIZATION; SUBDUCTION ZONES; BISMARCK SEA; PH ANOMALIES; BLACK SMOKER AB A comprehensive survey of hydrothermal plumes and their geochemistry revealed 16 hydrothermally active volcanoes along 1,200 kin of the Mariana arc from 13.5 degrees N to 22.5 degrees N. Of these 16, one volcano, NW Rota-1, is discharging sulfuric acid-rich fluids producing some of the largest chemical anomalies ever observed in nonbuoyant hydrothermal plumes. Two types of venting were observed, one of focused flow rich in A], S, Si, CO2, Fe, Mn, and He-3, and a second of diffuse flow rich in Fe, Mn, CO2, and He-3 but without Al, S, and Si. The plume waters from the acid-rich focused flow showed decreases in pH up to 0.73 pH units compared to ambient seawater and an estimated 80 percent of this change was brought about by volcanic and/or hydrothermal SO2 (and possibly HCl) with the remaining 20 percent by CO2. Conservative estimates suggest that the pH of the venting fluids was < 1.0. The chemistry of this plume was also greatly different from that observed in any other hydrothermal setting. An acid-sulfate or high-sulfidation fluid source was indicated from plume water samples rich in sulfuric acid, native S, Al-sulfate-phosphate minerals, and weathered silicate and amorphous silica phases. The alunite group minerals and acidic fluids indicate that the most important hydrothermal reactions taking place within the hydrothermal system were resulting in advanced argillic alteration of the host volcanic rocks. Gas chemistry of the fluids revealed an He isotope signature with R/R. = 8.35 and He-3/CO2 = 3.25 X 10(9). These values are similar to those found along the global midocean ridge (MOR), suggesting that the source of the He-3 and CO2 found here is predominantly from the upper mantle, consistent with the position of NW Rota-1 closest to the back arc in a chain of cross-are volcanoes. The chemical signatures of the plumes arising from the diffuse flow remain greatly enriched in Fe, Mn, 3He, and CO2, but compared to the focused flow are low in mineral acidity (111), Al, and S. The source of this diffuse flow is likely a fluid similar to that producing the acid-rich plume but with a lower water-to-rock ratio and a longer reaction time, resulting in the consumption of the mineral acidity. This results in an increase in pH and the deposition of the alunite-phosphate-sulfate and other minerals close to the seafloor. By comparison, it is likely that the low-pH focused flow ejects the vast majority of its mineral load into the water column which is not conducive to the formation of a mineral deposit at the sea floor, and potentially would produce a "barren prospect.". C1 [Resing, J. A.; Lebon, G.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Resing, J. A.; Lebon, G.; Baker, E. T.; Lupton, J. E.; Embley, R. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Massoth, G. J.; De Ronde, C. E. J.] Inst Geol & Nucl Sci, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Chadwick, W. W., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Chadwick, W. W., Jr.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Resing, JA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, 7600 Sand Point Way NE Bldg 3, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM joseph.resing@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 13 PU SOC ECONOMIC GEOLOGISTS, INC PI LITTLETON PA 7811 SCHAFFER PARKWAY, LITTLETON, CO 80127 USA SN 0361-0128 J9 ECON GEOL JI Econ. Geol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 102 IS 6 BP 1047 EP 1061 DI 10.2113/gsecongeo.102.6.1047 PG 15 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 252RX UT WOS:000252465400002 ER PT J AU Partis, L Burns, M Chiba, K Corbisier, P Gancberg, D HoIden, MJ Wang, J Liu, QY Okunishi, T Yang, I Vonsky, M Emslie, KR AF Partis, Lina Burns, Malcolm Chiba, Koichi Corbisier, Philippe Gancberg, David HoIden, Marcia J. Wang, Jing Liu, Qing Yan Okunishi, Tomoya Yang, Inchul Vonsky, Maxim Emslie, Kerry R. TI A study of comparability in amplified fragment length polymorphism profiling using a simple model system SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE amplification efficiency; amplified fragment length polymorphism; CE; GC content ID COMPETITIVE PCR; STEPDOWN PCR; GC CONTENT; DNA; AMPLIFICATION; SEQUENCES; BEHAVIOR; AFLP; BIAS; RNA AB A simple amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) model, using the bacteriophage lambda genome, was developed to test the reproducibility of this technique in an international comparative study. Using either non-selective or selective primers, nine fragments or subsets of two or three fragments, respectively, were predicted using in silico software. Under optimized conditions, all predicted fragments were experimentally generated. The reproducibility of the AFLP model was tested by submitting both "unknown" DNA template that had been restricted and ligated with AFLP linkers (R/L mixture) and corresponding primer pairs to nine laboratories participating in the study. Participants completed the final PCR step and then used either slab gel electrophoresis or CE to detect the AFLP fragments. The predicted fragments were identified by the majority of participants with size estimates consistently up to 3 base pair (bp) larger for slab gel electrophoresis than for CE. Shadow fragments, 3 bp larger than the predicted fragments, were often observed by study participants and organizers. The nine AFLP fragments exhibited relative intensities ranging from less than 3% to 22% and, apart from the two weakest fragments, with a % CV of 16 to 25. Fragments containing the highest guanine-cytosine (GC) content of 50-56% showed the greatest stability in the AFLP profiles. C1 Natl Measurement Inst, Pymble, NSW, Australia. Bio Mol Innovat, LGC, Teddington, Middx, England. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. European Commiss, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, DNA Measurement Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. Natl Res Ctr Certified Reference Mat, Beijing, Peoples R China. Inst Biol Sci, Neurogenome Grp, Natl Res Council, Ottawa, ON, Canada. Natl Food Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Korean Res Inst Standards & Sci, Taejon, South Korea. Inst Cytol, RAS, St Petersburg, Russia. RP Emslie, KR (reprint author), Natl Measurement Inst, PO Box 385, Pymble, NSW, Australia. EM kerry.emslie@measurement.gov.au RI Vonsky, Maxim/B-6506-2014; OI Vonsky, Maxim/0000-0003-4061-7411 NR 23 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD SEP PY 2007 VL 28 IS 18 BP 3193 EP 3200 DI 10.1002/elps.200700247 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 218TX UT WOS:000250039000016 PM 17696213 ER PT J AU Ott, LS Bruno, TJ AF Ott, Lisa Starkey Bruno, Thomas J. TI Corrosivity of fluids as a function of the distillate cut: application of an advanced distillation curve method SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID IMPROVEMENTS; FUELS AB Recently, we reported a method and apparatus for the advanced measurement of distillation curves. The new method allows for increased precision in the measurement of distillation curves as well as a composition-explicit channel of data. Herein, we report a further extension of this method, one which provides the capability to assess corrosivity and quantitate corrosive impurities (such as acidic sulfur species commonly found in fuel feedstocks) as a function of the distillate fraction. To demonstrate the new metrology, we examined mixtures of n-decane and n-tetradecane with dissolved H2S. At each of I I predetermined distillate volume fractions, the corrosivity was measured with the copper strip corrosion test (CSCT) and the sulfur concentration was measured by gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detection. Significantly, we were able to quantitatively correlate the distillation temperature of the fluid with both the sulfur concentration and the results of a CSCT for samples that had initial sulfur concentrations that differed 15-fold. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Propert Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Propert Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 23 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 2778 EP 2784 DI 10.1021/ef070195x PG 7 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 212PC UT WOS:000249608300038 ER PT J AU Smith, BL Bruno, TJ AF Smith, Beverly L. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Composition-explicit distillation curves of aviation fuel JP-8 and a coal-based jet fuel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Article ID JP-900; IMPROVEMENTS; COMBUSTION; ENTHALPY AB We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. The modifications to the classical measurement provide for (1) a composition explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis); (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points; (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for an equation of state development; (4) consistency with a century of historical data; (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction; (6) a trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction; and (7) a corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The most significant modification is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to the measurement of rocket propellant, gasoline, and jet fuels. In this paper, we present the application of the technique to representative batches of the military aviation fuel JP-8, and also to a coal-derived fuel developed as a potential substitute. We present not only the distillation curves but also a chemical characterization of each fraction and discuss the contrasts between the two fluids. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Propert Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Propert Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 26 TC 55 Z9 55 U1 4 U2 26 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 21 IS 5 BP 2853 EP 2862 DI 10.1021/ef070181r PG 10 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 212PC UT WOS:000249608300048 ER PT J AU Spina, AP AF Spina, Anthony P. TI Thermal ecology of juvenile steelhead in a warm-water environment SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE behavior; habitat use; temperature preference; temperature tolerance ID TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; PHYSIOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE; TEMPERATURE TOLERANCES; CONSTANT TEMPERATURES; LETHAL TEMPERATURES; CUTTHROAT TROUT; UNITED-STATES; CALIFORNIA; MAXIMA AB How salmonids adjust to the cost of chronic exposure to warm water in nature, particularly in habitats where areas of cold water are unavailable, is largely unknown. In the hot dry climate of southern California, oversummering juvenile steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, can experience a continual warm-water environment. Studies were performed in three streams (34 degrees N) during the summers of 2002-2004 to assess how steelhead (10-28 cm total length) exploit the thermal environment and to develop an understanding of how existing preference and heat tolerance information reported for the species relate to the actual temperatures the local population experiences. Analyses of achievable body temperatures, an index of observed body temperatures, and behavioral time budgets, indicate steelhead did not behaviorally thermoregulate. Findings from associated field surveys suggest areas of cold water were not available. Steelhead held focal points at temperatures (17.4-24.8 degrees C) that were at times higher than the temperature preferences and heat tolerances reported for the species. Oversurnmering juvenile steelhead accept an elevated body temperature and remain active and forage throughout the day, apparently as a means for coping with warm water at the southern extent of their range. The relatively high body temperatures that steelhead accept appear to represent a compromise in exchange for maintaining an expanded geographic (latitudinal) range. (c) Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2006 C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. RP Spina, AP (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 501 W Ocean Blvd,Suite 4200, Long Beach, CA 90802 USA. EM anthony.spina@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 17 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD SEP PY 2007 VL 80 IS 1 BP 23 EP 34 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9103-7 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 203ZH UT WOS:000249012100004 ER PT J AU You, J Landrum, PE Trimble, TA Lydy, MJ AF You, Jing Landrum, Peter E. Trimble, Tricia A. Lydy, Michael J. TI Availability of polychlorinated biphenyls in field-contaminated sediment SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE tenax extraction; matrix solid phase microextraction; field-contaminated sediment; bioaccumulation; polychlorinated biphenyl planarity ID SOLID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LABORATORY-SPIKED SEDIMENTS; DESORPTION-KINETICS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; LUMBRICULUS-VARIEGATUS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; TERRESTRIAL ORGANISMS; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; BLACK CARBON AB Two chemical approaches, Tenax extraction and matrix solid phase microextraction (matrix-SPME), were evaluated as surrogates to estimate bioavailability of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) from field-contaminated sediment. Aroclor 1254 was the primary contaminant found in sediment from Crab Orchard Lake in Marion, Illinois, USA, and a total of 18 PCB congeners were selected for study. Bioaccumulation was determined by exposing the freshwater oligochaete, Lumbriculus variegatus, to the sediment for 28 d. Differences in the rapidly desorbing fraction of PCBs and fraction desorbed within 6 It, defined by Tenax extraction, accounted for 39 and 31% of the differences among biota-sediment accumulation factor values, respectively, A better relationship (r(2) = 0.95) was found between the oligochaete PCB body residues and the concentration of PCBs in the rapidly desorbing fraction of sediment. The degree of chlorination and planarity of the PCB congeners affected both desorption and bioaccumulation. The higher chlorine substituted and planar PCBs showed less chemical and biological availability, due to their stronger sorption to sediment, compared to the lower chlorinated and nonplanar PCBs. Accumulation of PCBs by L. variegatus correlated well (r(2) = 0.88) with matrix-SPME fiber concentrations. The ratio of measured body residue to estimated body residue from the pore water concentration measured by matrix-SPME ranged front 0.4 to 1.3 with an average of 0.9. Overall, both Tenax and matrix-SPME approaches were useful surrogates of bioaccumulation for a field-contaminated sediment. C1 So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Lydy, MJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, 171 Life Sci 2, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM mlydy@siu.edu RI You, Jing/A-6201-2009 OI You, Jing/0000-0002-4006-8339 NR 33 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 10 U2 41 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 26 IS 9 BP 1940 EP 1948 DI 10.1897/07-029R.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 202EX UT WOS:000248885900020 PM 17705659 ER PT J AU Walter, JF Christman, MC Hoenig, JM Mann, R AF Walter, John F., III Christman, Mary C. Hoenig, John M. Mann, Roger TI Combining data from multiple years or areas to improve variogram estimation SO ENVIRONMETRICS LA English DT Article DE variogram estimation; spatial autocorrelation; low sample sizes; combining data AB A requirement for geostatistical prediction is estimation of the variogram from the data. Often low sample size is a major impediment to elucidating a variogram even for a highly autocorrelated spatial process. This paper presents a methodology for improving variogram estimation when samples exist from multiple years or regions sharing a similar process for generating spatial autocorrelation. Such samples may come from annual monitoring programs for natural resources or from multiple geologic regions. As each set of samples contains some information on the spatial autocorrelation, combining information through the construction of a combined variogram cloud and binning to obtain a common variogram improves the estimation of the variogram. In both simulations and in real datasets of oyster abundance the method proposed here reduces the likelihood of failing to obtain a variogram from a set of samples and improves the efficiency of variogram estimation. In practice, the benefits obtained by estimating an otherwise elusive variogram generally outweigh the costs of using a slightly incorrect variogram model if different sampling stanzas are combined when they do not share the same spatial autocorrelation. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Univ Florida, Inst Food & Agr Sci, Dept Stat, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Walter, JF (reprint author), SEFSC, NOAA, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miani, FL 33149 USA. EM john.f.walter@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 8 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1180-4009 J9 ENVIRONMETRICS JI Environmetrics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 6 BP 583 EP 598 DI 10.1002/env.825 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Statistics & Probability SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics GA 206PU UT WOS:000249196200002 ER PT J AU Kodur, VKR Phan, L AF Kodur, V. K. R. Phan, L. TI Critical factors governing the fire performance of high strength concrete systems SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th Workshop on Structures in Fire CY MAY, 2006 CL Aveiro, PORTUGAL SP Univ Aveiro, Dept Civil Engn DE fire resistance; high strength concrete; governing factors; reinforced concrete columns; spalling ID COLUMNS; RESISTANCE; ENDURANCE; BEHAVIOR AB High strength concrete (HSC), is being increasingly used in a number of building applications, where structural fire safety is one of the major design considerations. Many research studies clearly indicate that the fire performance of HSC is different from that of normal strength concrete (NSC) and that HSC may not exhibit same level of performance (as NSC) in fire. This paper discusses the material, structural and fire characteristics that influence the performance of HSC under fire conditions. Data from earlier experimental and numerical studies is used to illustrate the impact the concrete (material) mix design and structural detailing (design) has on fire performance of HSC systems. An understanding of various factors influencing fire performance will aid in developing appropriate solutions for mitigating spalling and enhancing fire resistance of HSC members. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. Natl Inst Standards Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Kodur, VKR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM kodur@egr.msu.edu NR 16 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 42 IS 6-7 BP 482 EP 488 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2006.10.006 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 219TT UT WOS:000250111800009 ER PT J AU Good, TP Beechie, TJ McElhany, P McClure, MM Ruckelshaus, MH AF Good, Thomas P. Beechie, Timothy J. McElhany, Paul McClure, Michelle M. Ruckelshaus, Mary H. TI Recovery planning for endangered species act,listed pacific salmon: Using science to inform goals and strategies SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA POPULATIONS; SUMMER CHINOOK SALMON; VIABILITY ANALYSIS; LIFE-HISTORY; LAND-USE; RESTORATION; SNAKE; CONSERVATION; DIVERGENCE AB Endangered and threatened populations of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) in the United States span major freshwater and marine ecosystems from Southern California to northern Washington. Their wide-ranging habits and anadromous life history exposes them to a variety of risk factors and influences, including hydropower operations, ocean and freshwater harvest, habitat degradation, releases of hatchery-reared salmon, variable ocean productivity, toxic contaminants, density-dependent effects, and a suite of native and non-native predators and competitors. We review the range of analyses that form the scientific backbone of recovery plans being developed for Pacific salmon listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. This process involves: identifying the appropriate conservation units (demographically independent Evolutionarily Significant Units [ESUs] and their populations), developing viability criteria for Pacific salmon populations and overall ESUs, and using coarse-resolution habitat analyses and life-cycle modeling to identify likely consequences of alternative actions proposed to achieve recovery. Adopting this wide breadth of analyses represents a necessary strategy for recovering Pacific salmon and a model for conservation planning for other Nvide-ranging species. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Good, TP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM tom.good@noaa.gov RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 NR 82 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP PY 2007 VL 32 IS 9 BP 426 EP 440 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[426:RPFESL]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 224DS UT WOS:000250427100007 ER PT J AU Adams, PB Botsford, LW Gobalet, KW Leidy, RA McEwan, DR Moyle, PB Smith, JJ Williams, JG Yoshiyama, RM AF Adams, Peter B. Botsford, Louis W. Gobalet, Kenneth W. Leidy, Robert A. McEwan, Dennis R. Moyle, Peter B. Smith, Jerry J. Williams, John G. Yoshiyama, Ronald M. TI Coho salmon are native south of San Francisco Bay: A reexamination of north American Coho salmon's southern range limit SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA; VARIABILITY; POPULATIONS; FISHERIES; CLIMATE; RATES AB Kaczynski and Alvarado (2006) have challenged the established southern boundary of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) at the San Lorenzo River. They conclude that it is improbable coho salmon maintained self-sustaining populations south of San Francisco Bay, based primarily on evidence from early museum collections and literature, the archaeological record, analyses of ocean conditions, and suitability of habitat. They suggest that hatchery plantings were the source of these coho salmon south of San Francisco Bay. Using the same and new information, we are able to counter these statements. Our examination of existing records found no reason to discount the coho salmon collections made in 1895 from streams south of San Francisco. Early distributional records state that coho salmon were abundant from San Francisco northward, but did not indicate coho salmon were absent south of San Francisco. Recent archeological evidence documents the presence of coho salmon in middens south of San Francisco prior to European habitation of the region. Furthermore, we found no creditable climatic, oceanographic, or ecological evidence for habitat differences between areas immediately north and south of San Francisco Bay. In fact, we believe that there is a more reasonable habitat and faunal break south of the San Lorenzo River, encompassing the allegedly controversial southern range of the coho salmon. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Calif State Univ, Dept Biol, Bakersfield, CA USA. US EPA, San Francisco, CA USA. Calif Dept Water Resources, Sacramento, CA USA. San Jose State Univ, Dept Biol Sci, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. RP Adams, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. EM Pete.Adams@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD SEP PY 2007 VL 32 IS 9 BP 441 EP 451 DI 10.1577/1548-8446(2007)32[441:CSANSO]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 224DS UT WOS:000250427100008 ER PT J AU Walter, J Hoenig, JM Wood, RJ Marti, K AF Walter, John, III Hoenig, John M. Wood, Robert J. Marti, Karen TI An estimator of episodic mortality in bivalves with an application to sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE episodic mortality; epizootic; ratio estimator; bivalves; scallops ID GIANT SCALLOP; MASS MORTALITY AB In marine invertebrate populations natural mortality events tend to be episodic in nature. The impact of these episodic mortality events can be estimated from the decline in catch rate of live animals over time obtained through successive population sampling. However, the high variability of catch rates makes them relatively insensitive indicators of mortality. For bivalve mollusks another means to estimate mortality is to assess the change in abundance of recently dead animals, called clappers, which are gaping shells still hinged together. We present a change in ratio estimator and its associated variance of the proportion of animals dying due to an episodic mortality event. This estimator is more sensitive to mortality events and may be preferable to a traditional estimator based upon changes in catch rates of live animals. When applied to a scallop population in Narragansett Bay, RI the change in ratio estimator indicated that a 72% reduction in the population occurred after an intense mortality event associated with an epizootic of a rickettsia-like organism. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Walter, J (reprint author), NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM john.f.walter@noaa.gov NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 86 IS 2-3 BP 85 EP 91 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.05.001 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 210ST UT WOS:000249476600001 ER PT J AU Nichol, DG Honkalehto, T Thompson, GG AF Nichol, Daniel G. Honkalehto, Taina Thompson, Grant G. TI Proximity of Pacific cod to the sea floor: Using archival tags to estimate fish availability to research bottom trawls SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE pacific cod; availability; catchability; bottom trawls; archival tags ID EASTERN BERING-SEA; GADUS-MACROCEPHALUS; CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; BEHAVIOR; MORHUA; DENSITY; GADOIDS; ALASKA; VESSEL AB The percentage of Pacific cod available to Alaskan bottom trawl surveys was estimated from the proximity of tagged cod to the seafloor. Archival tags recorded time and depth data at 15- or 30-min intervals. The distance of a cod above the bottom was computed by subtracting tag depth from bottom depth, estimated as the maximum depth recorded during each 24-h day. These estimates of bottom depth are based on the assumption that cod approach the seafloor at least once a day, and do not undergo migrations up or down bottom gradients. To ensure that migrations over variable bottom gradients did not confound our estimates of bottom depth, we narrowed our analysis to 11 tagged cod that were recaptured in areas of flat bathymetry, and only analyzed data recorded within one month prior to recapture (N= 29,462 depth recordings). Pacific cod maintained short distances above the seafloor that often differed between day and night. Over 95% of the daytime tag recordings occurred within 10 m of the seafloor. Average effective headrope heights for survey bottom trawls currently used in the eastern Bering Sea and Alaska Gulf/Aleutian Islands groundfish surveys are approximately 2.5 and 7 m, respectively. In the absence of any behavior responses to an approaching trawl, we would expect 47.3% of the cod within the water column are available to the trawl used on the eastern Bering Sea survey and 91.6% are available to the trawl used on the Gulf/Aleutian Islands surveys. This study demonstrated that Pacific cod are highly demersal, and cur-rent values of trawl survey catchability (Q) used in current stock assessments are consistent with estimates of cod availability to the trawl gear. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Nichol, DG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM dan.nichol@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 86 IS 2-3 BP 129 EP 135 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.05.009 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 210ST UT WOS:000249476600007 ER PT J AU Chaiyasit, W Stanley, CB Strey, HH McClements, DJ Decker, EA AF Chaiyasit, Wilailuk Stanley, Christopher B. Strey, Helmut H. McClements, D. Julian Decker, Eric A. TI Impact of surface active compounds on iron catalyzed oxidation of methyl linolenate in AOT-water-hexadecane systems SO FOOD BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE reverse micelle; lipid oxidation; methyl linolenate; phosphatidylcholine; oleic acid; lipid hydroperoxide ID NONIONIC REVERSE MICELLES; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ALTER LIPID OXIDATION; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; EMULSIONS; OIL; DYNAMICS; ABILITY; SODIUM AB Edible oils contain minor surface active components that form micro-heterogeneous environments, such as reverse micelles, which can alter the rate and direction of chemical reactions. However, little is known about the role of these micro-heterogeneous environments on lipid oxidation of bulk oil. Our objective was to evaluate the ability of water, cumene hydroperoxide, oleic acid, and phosphatidylcholine to influence the structure of reverse micelles in a model oil system: sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (aerosol-OT; AOT) in n-hexadecane. The influence of reverse micelle structure on iron catalyzed lipid oxidation was determined using methyl linolenate as an oxidizable substrate. The size and shape of the reverse micelle were investigated by small-angle x-ray scattering, and water contents was determined by Karl Fischer titrations. Lipid hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were used to follow lipid oxidation. Our results showed that AOT formed spherical reverse micelles in hexadecane. The size of the reverse micelles increased with increased water or phosphatidylcholine concentration, but decreased upon addition of cumene hydroperoxide or oleic acid. Iron catalyzed oxidation of methyl linolenate in the reverse micelle system decreased with increasing water concentration. Addition of phosphatidylcholine into the reverse micelle systems decreased methyl linolenate oxidation compared to control and reverse micelles with added oleic acid. These results indicate that water, cumene hydroperoxide, oleic acid, and phosphatidylcholine can alter reverse micelle size and lipid oxidation rates. Understanding how these compounds influence reverse micelle structure and lipid oxidation rates could provide information on how to modify bulk oil systems to increase oxidative stability. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Food Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Biomed Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Decker, EA (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Food Sci, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM edecker@foodsci.umass.edu RI Strey, Helmut/B-5456-2009; McClements, David/F-8283-2011; OI McClements, David/0000-0002-9016-1291; Decker, Eric/0000-0002-5159-4123; Stanley, Christopher/0000-0002-4226-7710 NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1557-1858 J9 FOOD BIOPHYS JI Food Biophys. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2-3 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1007/s11483-007-9031-x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 214ID UT WOS:000249730000001 ER PT J AU Holker, F Dorner, H Schulze, T Haertel-Borer, SS Peacor, SD Mehner, T AF Hoelker, Franz Doerner, Hendrik Schulze, Torsten Haertel-Borer, Susanne S. Peacor, Scott D. Mehner, Thomas TI Species-specific responses of planktivorous fish to the introduction of a new piscivore: implications for prey fitness SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fixed behaviour; habitat preference; multiple predator; multiple prey; phenotypic plasticity ID MEDIATED INDIRECT INTERACTIONS; HABITAT USE; MESOTROPHIC LAKE; ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; ANTIPREDATOR BEHAVIOR; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; PREDATORY FISH; PERCH PERCA; TRADE-OFF; FOOD-WEB AB 1. Antipredator behaviour by the facultative planktivorous fish species roach (Rutilus rutilus), perch (Perca fluviatilis) and rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) was studied in a multi-year whole-lake experiment to evaluate species-specific behavioural and numerical responses to the stocking of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca), a predator with different foraging behaviour than the resident predators large perch (P. fluviatilis) and pike (Esox lucius). 2. Behavioural responses to pikeperch varied greatly during the night, ranging from reduced activity (roach and small perch) and a shift in habitat (roach), to no change in the habitat use and activity of rudd. The differing responses of the different planktivorous prey species highlight the potential variation in behavioural response to predation risk from species of similar vulnerability. 3. These differences had profound effects on fitness; the density of species that exhibited an antipredator response declined only slightly (roach) or even increased (small perch), whereas the density of the species that did not exhibit an antipredator response (rudd) decreased dramatically (by more than 80%). 4. The maladaptive behaviour of rudd can be explained by a 'behavioural syndrome', i.e. the interdependence of behaviours expressed in different contexts (feeding activity, antipredator) across different situations (different densities of predators). 5. Our study extends previous studies, that have typically been limited to more controlled situations, by illustrating the variability in intensity of phenotypic responses to predators, and the consequences for population density, in a large whole-lake setting. C1 Commiss European Communities, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Protect & Secur Citizen, AGRFISH Unit, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. Leibniz Inst Freshwater Ecol & Inland Fisheries, Berlin, Germany. Tech Univ Dresden, Inst Hydrobiol, D-8027 Dresden, Germany. Univ Konstanz, Inst Limnol, D-7750 Constance, Germany. Swiss Fisheries Advisory Serv FIBER, EAWAG, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland. Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Holker, F (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, DG Joint Res Ctr, Inst Protect & Secur Citizen, AGRFISH Unit, TP 051, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. EM franz.hoelker@jrc.it RI Holker, Franz/A-5683-2009; Mehner, Thomas/B-8665-2008 OI Holker, Franz/0000-0001-5932-266X; Mehner, Thomas/0000-0002-3619-165X NR 63 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 3 U2 19 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 52 IS 9 BP 1793 EP 1806 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01810.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 203FI UT WOS:000248960100013 ER PT J AU Plattner, C Malservisi, R Dixon, TH LaFemina, P Sella, GF Fletcher, J Suarez-Vidal, F AF Plattner, C. Malservisi, R. Dixon, T. H. LaFemina, P. Sella, G. F. Fletcher, J. Suarez-Vidal, F. TI New constraints on relative motion between the Pacific Plate and Baja California microplate (Mexico) from GPS measurements SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE geodesy; global positioning system (GPS); plate tectonics; tectonics ID NORTH AMERICA MOTION; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; SUBDUCTION ZONES; KINEMATIC MODELS; 3 MA; BOUNDARY; DEFORMATION; TRANSFORM; TERRANES; SYSTEM AB We present a new surface velocity field for Baja California using GPS data to test the rigidity of this microplate, calculate its motion in a global reference frame, determine its relative motion with respect to the North American and the Pacific plates, and compare those results to our estimate for Pacific-North America motion. Determination of Pacific Plate motion is improved by the inclusion of four sites from the South Pacific Sea Level and Climate Monitoring Project. These analyses reveal that Baja California moves as a quasi-rigid block but at a slower rate in the same direction, as the Pacific Plate relative to North America. This is consistent with seismic activity along the western edge of Baja California (the Baja California shear zone), and may reflect resistance to motion of the eastern edge of the Pacific Plate caused by the 'big bend' of the San Andreas fault and the Transverse Ranges in southern California. C1 Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, D-80333 Munich, Germany. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Ctr Invest Cient & Educ Super Ensenada, Ensenada 2732, Baja California, Mexico. RP LaFemina, P (reprint author), Univ Munich, Sekt Phys, Theresienstr 41, D-80333 Munich, Germany. EM plattner@geophysik.uni-muenchen.de RI LaFemina, Peter/C-4233-2011 NR 38 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 1 U2 14 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 170 IS 3 BP 1373 EP 1380 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03494.x PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 203DW UT WOS:000248956300031 ER PT J AU Braun-McNeill, J Epperly, SP Owens, DW Avens, L Williams, E Harms, CA AF Braun-McNeill, Joanne Epperly, Sheryan P. Owens, David W. Avens, Larisa Williams, Erik Harms, Craig A. TI Seasonal reliability of testosterone radioimmunoassay (RIA) for predicting sex ratios of juvenile loggerhead (Caretta caretta) turtles SO HERPETOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Caretta caretta; laparoscopy; loggerhead sea turtle; radioimmunoassay; sex ratio; testosterone ID FLORIDA AB Because sex is determined by incubation temperatures in sea turtles and immature animals are not sexually dimorphic externally, circulating levels of testosterone measured with radioimmunoassay (RIA), in conjunction with laparoscopies, have been used to estimate sex ratios. From September to December 1995 to 1997, and from June to December 1998 to 2002, we sampled blood from 1106 juvenile loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) incidentally captured in pound nets set in Core and Pamlico Sounds, North Carolina to measure testosterone levels. Laparoscopies of 89 of these turtles revealed a sex ratio of 2.1F:1M, similar to other juvenile loggerhead populations along the southeastern coast of the USA. Laparoscopies demonstrated that testosterone levels correctly identified males during summer months (water temperatures >23 C), but were unreliable during late autumn/winter months (water temperatures <= 16 C). During the summer months, females (n = 201) exhibited testosterone concentrations with an upper limit of 239.0 pg/ml, and males (n = 69) exhibited a lower limit of 372.0 pg/ml, for a sex ratio of 2.9F:1.0M. We recommend that verification of the RIA should be conducted by laparoscoping a subset of turtles sampled in all sex ratio studies. In addition, this verification should be conducted at several different times throughout the year to evaluate any possible seasonal effects on testosterone concentrations. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ N Carolina, Coll Vet Med, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Braun-McNeill, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Joanne.B.McNeill@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 24 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 17 PU HERPETOLOGISTS LEAGUE PI EMPORIA PA EMPORIA STATE UNIV, DIVISION BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES, 1200 COMMERCIAL ST, EMPORIA, KS 66801-5087 USA SN 0018-0831 J9 HERPETOLOGICA JI Herpetologica PD SEP PY 2007 VL 63 IS 3 BP 275 EP 284 DI 10.1655/0018-0831(2007)63[275:SROTRR]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 220CA UT WOS:000250133300004 ER PT J AU Braun-McNeill, J Sasso, CR Avens, L AF Braun-McNeill, Joanne Sasso, Christopher R. Avens, Larisa TI ESTIMATES OF REALIZED SURVIVAL FOR JUVENILE LOGGERHEAD SEA TURTLES (CARETTA CARETTA) IN THE UNITED STATES SO HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE apparent survival; Barker model; Caretta caretta; Loggerhead; North Carolina; realized survival; sea turtle AB We used mark-recapture, live-resighting, and dead recovery data to estimate realized survival of juvenile Loggerhead Sea Turtles collected in North Carolina, USA, from 1998-2005. We estimated annual survival to be 0.83 when transients and emigration were accounted for in the analysis. Also, we found that movement out of the study area is best explained as permanent emigration, rather than random or temporary emigration. New modeling exercises may be required to incorporate revised survival estimates, allowing managers to make informed decisions on the long-term recovery of Loggerhead Sea Turtles. C1 [Braun-McNeill, Joanne; Avens, Larisa] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Sasso, Christopher R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Braun-McNeill, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Joanne.B.McNeill@noaa.gov; Chris.Sasso@noaa.gov; Larisa.Avens@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 7 PU HERPETOLOGICAL CONSERVATION & BIOLOGY PI CORVALLIS PA C/O R BRUCE BURY, USGS FOREST & RANGELAND, CORVALLIS, OR 00000 USA SN 1931-7603 J9 HERPETOL CONSERV BIO JI Herpetol. Conserv. Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 2 IS 2 BP 100 EP 105 PG 6 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA V15MT UT WOS:000207806800004 ER PT J AU Dohm, JM Barlow, NG Anderson, RC Williams, JP Miyamoto, H Ferris, JC Strom, RG Taylor, J Fairen, AG Baker, VR Boynton, WV Keller, JM Kerry, K Janes, D Rodriguez, JAP Hare, TM AF Dohm, James M. Barlow, Nadine G. Anderson, Robert C. Williams, Jean-Pierre Miyamoto, Hirdy Ferris, Justin C. Strom, Robert G. Taylor, Jeffrey Fairen, Alberto G. Baker, Victor R. Boynton, William V. Keller, John M. Kerry, Kris Janes, Daniel Rodriguez, J. A. P. Hare, Trent M. TI Possible ancient giant basin and related water enrichment in the Arabia Terra province, Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Review DE Mars; geological processes; geophysics; impact processes; tectonics ID PLANETARY WRINKLE RIDGES; ORBITER LASER ALTIMETER; INNER SOLAR-SYSTEM; CRATER EJECTA; GLOBAL DISTRIBUTION; ORIGIN; THARSIS; TOPOGRAPHY; EVOLUTION; ICE AB A circular albedo feature in the Arabia Terra province was first hypothesized as an ancient impact basin using Viking-era information. To test this unpublished hypothesis, we have analyzed the Viking era-information together with layers of new data derived from the Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) and Mars Odyssey (MO) missions. Our analysis indicates that Arabia Terra is an ancient geologic province of Mars with many distinct characteristics, including predominantly Noachian materials, a unique part of the highland-lowland boundary, a prominent paleotectonic history, the largest region of fretted terrain on the planet, outflow channels with no obvious origins, extensive exposures of eroded layered sedimentary deposits, and notable structural, albedo, thermal inertia, gravity, magnetic, and elemental signatures. The province also is marked by special impact crater morphologies, which suggest a persistent volatile-rich substrate. No one characteristic provides definitive answers to the dominant event(s) that shaped this unique province. Collectively the characteristics reported here support the following hypothesized sequence of events in Arabia Terra: (1) an enormous basin, possibly of impact origin, formed early in martian history when the magnetic dynamo was active and the lithosphere was relatively thin, (2) sediments and other materials were deposited in the basin during high erosion rates while maintaining isostatic equilibrium, (3) sediments became water enriched during the Noachian Period, and (4) basin materials were uplifted in response to the growth of the Tharsis Bulge, resulting in differential erosion exposing ancient stratigraphic sequences. Parts of the ancient basin remain water-enriched to the present day. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. CALTECH, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. Univ Tokyo, Univ Museum, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. Univ Hawaii, Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Autonoma Madrid, CSIC, Ctr Biol Mol, Madrid 28049, Spain. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Space Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. Inst Plant Sci, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. US Geol Survey, Flagstaff, AZ 86001 USA. RP Dohm, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jmd@hwr.arizona.edu RI Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012; Williams, Jean-Pierre/C-3531-2009; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; OI Williams, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-4163-2760; Hare, Trent/0000-0001-8842-389X NR 115 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 EI 1090-2643 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD SEP PY 2007 VL 190 IS 1 BP 74 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.03.006 PG 19 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 204EB UT WOS:000249025300006 ER PT J AU Schnute, JT Maunder, MN Lanelli, JN AF Schnute, Jon T. Maunder, Mark N. lanelli, James N. TI Designing tools evaluate fishery management strategies: can the scientific community deliver? SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE AD model builder; ADOL-C; fisheries library in R; management strategy evaluation; next generation; stock assessment; R; software ID MODEL AB Techniques for quantitative fishery management have evolved rapidly during a period when computers, programming languages, and computational algorithms have also changed dramatically. Despite these advances, many stock assessment methods remain untested. A process of management strategy evaluation (MSE) could potentially rectify this problem, but it would require a framework in which to conduct systematic tests. We survey the tools currently used for stock assessments and discuss the development of new standards for testing management procedures. A successful project would depend on human skills scattered among various nations, organizations, and academic disciplines. Analogies from civil engineering illustrate the discipline and collaboration required for an effective outcome. If the world community of fishery scientists could design, build, and support such a project, it would revolutionize the theory, teaching, and practice of scientific fishery management. C1 Pacific Biol Stn, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. Inter Amer Trop Tuna Commiss, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, REFM Div, Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Schnute, JT (reprint author), Pacific Biol Stn, Fisheries & Oceans Canada, 3190 Hammond Bay Rd, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. EM schnutej@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 34 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1077 EP 1084 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsm109 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 231HP UT WOS:000250937800001 ER PT J AU Brandon, JR Breiwick, JM Punt, AE Wade, PR AF Brandon, John R. Breiwick, Jeffrey M. Punt, Andre E. Wade, Paul R. TI Constructing a coherent joint prior while respecting biological realism: application to marine mammal stock assessments SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE age-structured population dynamics model; Bayesian statistics; biological realism; bowhead whale; coherent joint prior; marine mammal; modelling; sensitivity analyses; stock assessment; walrus ID WHALES BALAENA-MYSTICETUS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS MODEL; BEAUFORT SEAS STOCK; BOWHEAD WHALES; INFERENCE; MORTALITY; GROWTH; LENGTH; AGE AB Bayesian estimation methods, employing the Sampling-Importance-Resampling algorithm, are currently used to perform stock assessments for several stocks of marine mammals, including the Bering-Chukchi-Beaufort Seas stock of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) and walrus (Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus) off Greenland. However, owing to the functional relationships among parameters in deterministic age-structured population dynamics models, placing explicit priors on each life history parameter in addition to the population growth rate parameter results in an incoherent joint prior distribution (i.e. two different priors on the estimated parameters). One solution to constructing a coherent joint prior is to solve for juvenile survival analytically, using values generated from the prior distributions for the remaining parameters. However, certain combinations of model parameter values result in values for juvenile survival that are larger than adult survival, which is biologically implausible. Therefore, to respect biological realism, certain parameter values must be rejected for some or all the remaining parameters. This study investigates several alternative resampling schemes for obtaining a realistic joint prior distribution, given the constraint on survival rates. The sensitivity of assessment results is investigated for data-rich (bowhead) and data-poor (walrus) scenarios. The results based on limited data are especially sensitive to the choice of alternative resampling scheme. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fish Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Brandon, JR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, PO Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jbrandon@u.washington.edu OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 NR 61 TC 11 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1085 EP 1100 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsm102 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 231HP UT WOS:000250937800002 ER PT J AU De Robertis, A Higginbottom, I AF De Robertis, Alex Higginbottom, Ian TI A post-processing technique to estimate the signal-to-noise ratio and remove echosounder background noise SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE background noise; echo integration; echosounder; signal-to-noise ratio ID FISH AB A simple and effective post-processing technique to estimate echosounder background-noise levels and signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) during active pinging is developed. Similar to other methods of noise estimation during active pinging, this method assumes that some portion of the sampled acoustic signal is dominated by background noise, with a negligible contribution from the backscattered transmit signal. If this assumption is met, the method will provide robust and accurate estimates of background noise equivalent to that measured by the receiver if the transmitter were disabled. It provides repeated noise estimates over short intervals of time without user intervention, which is beneficial in cases where background noise changes over time. In situations where background noise is dominant in a portion of the recorded signal, it is straightforward to make first-order corrections for the effects of noise and to estimate the SNR to evaluate the effects of background noise on acoustic measurements. Noise correction and signal-to-noise-based thresholds have the potential to improve inferences from acoustic measurements in lower signal-to-noise situations, such as when surveying from noisy vessels, using multifrequency techniques, surveying at longer ranges, and when working with weak acoustic targets such as invertebrates and fish lacking swimbladders. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fish Sci Ctr, Resource Assessm & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Sonar Data Pty, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP De Robertis, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fish Sci Ctr, Resource Assessm & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Pt Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alex.derobertis@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 41 Z9 43 U1 2 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 64 IS 6 BP 1282 EP 1291 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsm112 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 231HP UT WOS:000250937800020 ER PT J AU Przybocki, MA Martin, AF Le, AN AF Przybocki, Mark A. Martin, Alvin F. Le, Audrey N. TI NIST speaker recognition evaluations utilizing the Mixer Corpora - 2004, 2005, 2006 SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON AUDIO SPEECH AND LANGUAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE cross-channel evaluation; decision error tradeoff (DET) curves; Mixer Corpora; NIST evaluations; speaker recognition evaluation AB NIST has coordinated annual evaluations of text-independent speaker recognition from 1996 to 2006. This paper discusses the last three of these, which utilized conversational speech data from the Mixer Corpora recently collected by the Linguistic Data Consortium. We review the evaluation procedures, the matrix of test conditions included, and the performance trends observed. While most of the data is collected over telephone channels, one multichannel test condition utilizes a subset of Mixer conversations recorded simultaneously over multiple microphone channels and a telephone line. The corpus also includes some non-English conversations involving bilingual speakers, allowing an examination of the effect of language on performance results. On the various test conditions involving English language conversational telephone data, considerable performance gains are observed over the past three years. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Przybocki, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Informat Access Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mark.przybocki@nist.gov; alvin.martin@nist.gov; audrey.le@nist.gov NR 18 TC 25 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1558-7916 J9 IEEE T AUDIO SPEECH JI IEEE Trans. Audio Speech Lang. Process. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 15 IS 7 BP 1951 EP 1959 DI 10.1109/TASL.2007.902489 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 201KT UT WOS:000248830900002 ER PT J AU Williams, DF Clement, TS Remley, KA Hale, TD Verbeyst, F AF Williams, Dylan F. Clement, Tracy S. Remley, Kate A. Hale, Tatil D. Verbeyst, Frans TI Systematic error of the nose-to-nose sampling-oscilloscope calibration SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE calibration; electrooptic sampling; impedance mismatch; mismatch correction; nose-to-nose calibration; sampling oscilloscope; swept-sine calibration ID KICK-OUT PULSES; UNCERTAINTY; DISTORTION AB We use traceable swept-sine and electrooptic-sampling-system-based sampling-oscilloscope calibrations to measure the systematic error of the nose-to-nose calibration, and compare the results to simulations. Our results show that the errors in the nose-to-nose calibration are small at low frequencies, but significant at high frequencies. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NMDG Engn, B-2880 Bornem, Belgium. Vrije Univ Brussel VIB, Fac Ingn, Vakgrp ELEC, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium. RP Williams, DF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM dylan@boulder.nist.gov; tracy.clement@boulder.nist.gov; remley@boulder.nist.gov; hale@boulder.nist.gov; frans.verbeyst@mudg.be RI Clement, Tracy/A-8885-2008; Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 40 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 55 IS 9 BP 1951 EP 1957 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2007.904333 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 206WI UT WOS:000249213200017 ER PT J AU O'Toole, AJ Phillips, PJ Jiang, F Ayyad, J Penard, N Abdi, H AF O'Toole, Alice J. Phillips, P. Jonathon Jiang, Fang Ayyad, Janet Penard, Nils Abdi, Herve TI Face recognition algorithms surpass humans matching faces over changes in illumination SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON PATTERN ANALYSIS AND MACHINE INTELLIGENCE LA English DT Article DE face and gesture recognition; performance evaluation of algorithms and systems; human information processing AB There has been significant progress in improving the performance of computer-based face recognition algorithms over the last decade. Although algorithms have been tested and compared extensively with each other, there has been remarkably little work comparing the accuracy of computer-based face recognition systems with humans. We compared seven state-of-the-art face recognition algorithms with humans on a face-matching task. Humans and algorithms determined whether pairs of face images, taken under different illumination conditions, were pictures of the same person or of different people. Three algorithms surpassed human performance matching face pairs prescreened to be "difficult" and six algorithms surpassed humans on "easy" face pairs. Although illumination variation continues to challenge face recognition algorithms, current algorithms compete favorably with humans. The superior performance of the best algorithms over humans, in light of the absolute performance levels of the algorithms, underscores the need to compare algorithms with the best current control-humans. C1 Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Toole, AJ (reprint author), Univ Texas Dallas, Sch Behav & Brain Sci, GR4-1, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. EM otoole@utdallas.edu; jonathon@nist.gov; fxj018100@utdallas.edu; jha011100@utdallas.edu; npenard@utdallas.edu; herve@utdallas.edu RI Abdi, Herve/G-6620-2011 NR 27 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0162-8828 EI 1939-3539 J9 IEEE T PATTERN ANAL JI IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1642 EP 1646 DI 10.1109/TPAMI.2007.1107 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 189CD UT WOS:000247965600012 PM 17627050 ER PT J AU Mell, P Scarfone, K AF Mell, P. Scarfone, K. TI Improving the Common Vulnerability Scoring System SO IET INFORMATION SECURITY LA English DT Article AB The Common Vulnerability Scoring System is an emerging standard for scoring the impact of vulnerabilities. The results of an analysis of the scoring system and that of an experiment scoring a large set of vulnerabilities using the standard are presented. Although the scoring system was found to be useful, it contains a variety of deficiencies that limit its ability to measure the impact of vulnerabilities. The study demonstrates how these deficiencies could be addressed in subsequent versions of the standard and how these changes are backwards-compatible with the existing scoring efforts. In conclusion a recommendation for a revised scoring system and an analysis of experiments that demonstrate how the revision would address deficiencies discovered in the existing version of the standard are presented. C1 [Mell, P.; Scarfone, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mell, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8930, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mell@nist.gov NR 7 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 3 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8709 J9 IET INFORM SECUR JI IET Inf. Secur. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 3 BP 119 EP 127 DI 10.1049/iet-ifs:20060055 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 344VO UT WOS:000258955600004 ER PT J AU Isakov, V Irwin, JS Ching, J AF Isakov, Vlad Irwin, John S. Ching, Jason TI Using CMAQ for exposure Modeling and characterizing the subgrid variability for exposure estimates SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE - ID HAZARDOUS AIR-POLLUTANTS; SCALE AB Atmospheric processes and the associated transport and dispersion of atmospheric pollutants are known to be highly variable in time and space. Current air-quality models that characterize atmospheric chemistry effects, for example, the Community Multiscale Air Quality model (CMAQ), provide volume-averaged concentration values for each grid cell in the modeling domain given the stated conditions. Given the assumptions made and the limited set of processes included in any model's implementation, there are many sources of "unresolved" subgrid variability. This raises the question of the importance of the unresolved subgrid variations on exposure assessment results if such models were to be used to assess air toxics exposure. In this study, the Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model (HAPEM) is applied to estimate benzene and formaldehyde inhalation exposure using ambient annually averaged concentrations predicted by CMAQ to investigate how within-grid variability can affect exposure estimates. An urban plume dispersion model was used to estimate the subgrid variability of annually averaged benzene concentration values within CMAQ grid cells for a modeling domain centered on Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Significant (greater than a factor of 2) increases in maximum exposure impacts were seen in the exposure estimates in comparison with exposure estimates generated using CMAQ grid-averaged concentration values. These results consider only one source of subgrid variability, namely, the discrete location and distribution of emissions, but they do suggest the importance and value of developing improved characterizations of subgrid concentration variability for use in air toxics exposure assessments. C1 NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. John S Irwin & Assoc, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Ching, J (reprint author), US EPA, ADM, NERL, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. EM isakov.vlad@epa.gov NR 24 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1354 EP 1371 DI 10.1175/JAM2538.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 218HF UT WOS:000250005900004 ER PT J AU Pleim, JE AF Pleim, Jonathan E. TI A combined local and nonlocal closure model for the atmospheric boundary layer. Part I: Model description and testing SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EDDY-DIFFUSIVITY; HEAT-FLUX; PROFILE AB The modeling of the atmospheric boundary layer during convective conditions has long been a major source of uncertainty in the numerical modeling of meteorological conditions and air quality. Much of the difficulty stems from the large range of turbulent scales that are effective in the convective boundary layer (CBL). Both small-scale turbulence that is subgrid in most mesoscale grid models and large-scale turbulence extending to the depth of the CBL are important for the vertical transport of atmospheric properties and chemical species. Eddy diffusion schemes assume that all of the turbulence is subgrid and therefore cannot realistically simulate convective conditions. Simple nonlocal closure PBL models, such as the Blackadar convective model that has been a mainstay PBL option in the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) for many years and the original asymmetric convective model (ACM), also an option in MM5, represent large-scale transport driven by convective plumes but neglect small-scale, subgrid turbulent mixing. A new version of the ACM (ACM2) has been developed that includes the nonlocal scheme of the original ACM combined with an eddy diffusion scheme. Thus, the ACM2 is able to represent both the supergrid- and subgrid-scale components of turbulent transport in the convective boundary layer. Testing the ACM2 in one-dimensional form and comparing it with large-eddy simulations and field data from the 1999 Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study demonstrates that the new scheme accurately simulates PBL heights, profiles of fluxes and mean quantities, and surface-level values. The ACM2 performs equally well for both meteorological parameters (e. g., potential temperature, moisture variables, and winds) and trace chemical concentrations, which is an advantage over eddy diffusion models that include a nonlocal term in the form of a gradient adjustment. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pleim, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Sci, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleim.jon@epa.gov RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 18 TC 232 Z9 247 U1 8 U2 40 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1383 EP 1395 DI 10.1175/JAM2539.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 218HF UT WOS:000250005900006 ER PT J AU Pleim, JE AF Pleim, Jonathan E. TI A combined local and nonlocal closure model for the atmospheric boundary layer. Part II: Application and evaluation in a mesoscale meteorological model SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; SENSITIVITY; PARAMETERIZATIONS; MM5; PREDICTIONS; SIMULATION; EVOLUTION; DIFFUSION; PROFILER; DEPTH AB A new combined local and nonlocal closure atmospheric boundary layer model called the Asymmetric Convective Model, version 2, (ACM2) was described and tested in one-dimensional form and was compared with large-eddy simulations and field data in Part I. Herein, the incorporation of the ACM2 into the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) is described. Model simulations using the MM5 with the ACM2 are made for the summer of 2004 and evaluated through comparison with surface meteorological measurements, rawinsonde profile measurements, and observed planetary boundary layer (PBL) heights derived from radar wind profilers. Overall model performance is as good as or better than similar MM5 evaluation studies. The MM5 simulations with the ACM2 compare particularly well to PBL heights derived from radar wind profilers during the afternoon hours. The ACM2 is designed to simulate the vertical mixing of any modeled quantity realistically for both meteorological models and air quality models. The next step, to be described in a subsequent article, is to incorporate the ACM2 into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for testing and evaluation. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pleim, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pleim.jon@epa.gov RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 38 TC 121 Z9 127 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 EI 1558-8432 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1396 EP 1409 DI 10.1175/JAM2534.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 218HF UT WOS:000250005900007 ER PT J AU Bowker, GE Gillette, DA Bergametti, G Marticorena, B Heist, DK AF Bowker, George E. Gillette, Dale A. Bergametti, Gilles Marticorena, Beatrice Heist, David K. TI Sand flux Simulations at a small scale over a heterogeneous mesquite area of the northern chihuahuan desert SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL RESUSPENSION MECHANISMS; THRESHOLD FRICTION VELOCITY; GRASS SECALE-CERCELE; WIND EROSION; NEW-MEXICO; AEOLIAN TRANSPORT; UNITED-STATES; SALTATION; FIELD; PARTICLES AB Within areas of the Chihuahuan Desert dominated by honey mesquite bushes (Prosopis glandulosa), soil erosion causes open eroded patches and the formation of large coppice dunes. The airflow patterns around the dunes and through the open areas are correlated with sand flux and erosion. This study uses wind velocity simulations from the Quick Urban and Industrial Complex (QUIC) model in combination with a sand flux parameterization to simulate sand fluxes for each of eight storms occurring in the springs of 2003 and 2004. Total sand fluxes based on the sum of all the sand collectors located within the study domain were usually within 50% of the measured values for each of the storms, with simulations for individual sand collectors also often within 50% of the measured values. Simulated fluxes based on two different sand flux parameterizations were generally within 10% of each other, differing substantially only when the sand flux was low (near the threshold velocity). Good agreement between the field observations with a Sensit instrument and QUIC simulations for the same location and time series suggests that QUIC could be used to predict the spatial and temporal variation of sand flux patterns for a domain. C1 US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Model Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. Univ Paris 07, CNRS, Lab Interuniv Syst Atmospher, Creteil, France. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Bowker, GE (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Atmospher Model Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM bowker.george@epa.gov NR 43 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 46 IS 9 BP 1410 EP 1422 DI 10.1175/JAM2537.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 218HF UT WOS:000250005900008 ER PT J AU Schneider, ML Gerrits, T Kos, AB Silva, TJ AF Schneider, M. L. Gerrits, Th. Kos, A. B. Silva, T. J. TI Experimental determination of the inhomogeneous contribution to linewidth in Permalloy films using a time-resolved magneto-optic Kerr effect microprobe SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDUCTIVE MICROWAVE MAGNETOMETRY; MAGNETIZATION DYNAMICS; THIN-FILMS; FREQUENCY; FLUCTUATIONS; NOISE; RIPPLE AB We adapted a time-resolved magneto-optic microprobe for use with a pulsed inductive microwave magnetometer apparatus, to measure the magnetization dynamics of a thin Permalloy film at micrometer and millimeter length scales under exactly the same experimental conditions. The optical microprobe has a spatial resolution of 1 mu m. We compare the data obtained over these different length scales to quantitatively determine the localized inhomogeneous contribution to magnetic damping. When measured directly with the magneto-optic technique, the inhomogeneous contributions are in agreement with the value 88 +/- 16 A/m (1.1 +/- 0.2 Oe) extrapolated from PIMM measurements of linewidth versus frequency. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Schneider, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mlschnei@boulder.nist.gov RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 5 AR 053910 DI 10.1063/1.2772563 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 210RU UT WOS:000249474100059 ER PT J AU Wang, L Cao, C Ciren, P AF Wang, Likun Cao, Changyong Ciren, Pubu TI Assessing NOAA-16 HIRS radiance accuracy using simultaneous nadir overpass observations from AIRS SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; PART II; CALIBRATION; SATELLITE; CHANNELS; CLIMATE; MODIS AB The High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) has been carried on NOAA satellites for more than two decades, and the HIRS data have been widely used for geophysical retrievals, climate studies, and radiance assimilation for numerical weather prediction models. However, given the legacy of the filter-wheel radiometer originally designed in the 1970s, the HIRS measurement accuracy is neither well documented nor well understood, despite the importance of this information for data users, instrument manufacturers, and calibration scientists. The advent of hyperspectral sounders, such as the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ( AIRS), and intersatellite calibration techniques makes it possible to independently assess the accuracy of the HIRS radiances. This study independently assesses the data quality and calibration accuracy of HIRS by comparing the radiances between HIRS on NOAA-16 and AIRS on Aqua with simultaneous nadir overpass (SNO) observations for the year 2004. The results suggest that the HIRS radiometric bias relative to the AIRS-convolved HIRS radiance is on the order of similar to 0.5 K, except channel 16, which has a bias of 0.8 K. For all eight spectrally overlapped channels, the observations by HIRS are warmer than the corresponding AIRS-convolved HIRS channel. Other than channel 16, the biases are temperature dependent. The root causes of the bias can be traced to a combination of the HIRS blackbody emissivity, nonlinearity, and spectral uncertainties. This study further demonstrates the utility of high-spectral-resolution radiance measurements for high-accuracy assessments of broadband radiometer calibration with the SNO observations. C1 QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD USA. NOAA, QSS, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), NOAA, QSS, NESDIS, STAR, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 810, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM likun.wang@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Ciren, Pubu/E-6542-2011; Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008 OI Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1546 EP 1561 DI 10.1175/JTECH2073.1 PG 16 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 215MB UT WOS:000249811500002 ER PT J AU Schmid, C Molinari, RL Sabina, R Daneshzadeh, YH Xia, XD Forteza, E Yang, HQ AF Schmid, Claudia Molinari, Robert L. Sabina, Reyna Daneshzadeh, Yeun-Ho Xia, Xiangdong Forteza, Elizabeth Yang, Huiqin TI The real-time data management system for argo profiling float observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB Argo is an internationally coordinated program directed at deploying and maintaining an array of 3000 temperature and salinity profiling floats on a global 3 degrees latitude x 3 degrees longitude grid. Argo floats are deployed from research vessels, merchant ships, and aircraft. After launch they sink to a prescribed pressure level (typically 1000-2000 dbar), where most floats remain for 10 days. The floats then return to the surface, collecting temperature and salinity profiles. At the surface they transmit the data to a satellite and sink again to repeat the cycle. As of 10 August 2006 there are 2489 floats reporting data. The International Argo Data Management Team oversees the development and implementation of the data management protocols of Argo. Two types of data systems are active-real time and delayed mode. The real-time system receives the transmissions from the Argo floats, extracts the data, checks their quality, and makes them available to the users. The objective of the real-time system is to provide Argo profiles to the operational and research community within 24 h of their measurement. This requirement makes it necessary to control the quality of the data automatically. The delayed-mode quality control is directed at a more detailed look at the profiles using statistical methods and scientific review of the data. In this paper, the real-time data processing and quality-control methodology is described in detail. Results of the application of these procedures to Argo profiles are described. C1 NOAA, AOML, PHOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst MArine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Schmid, C (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, PHOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM claudia.schmid@noaa.gov RI Schmid, Claudia/D-5875-2013 OI Schmid, Claudia/0000-0003-2132-4736 NR 7 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1608 EP 1628 DI 10.1175/JTECH2070.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 215MB UT WOS:000249811500007 ER PT J AU Sumner, JP Conroy, R Shapiro, EM Moreland, J Koretsky, AP AF Sumner, James P. Conroy, Richard Shapiro, Erik M. Moreland, John Koretsky, Alan P. TI Delivery of fluorescent probes using iron oxide particles as carriers enables in-vivo labeling of migrating neural precursors for magnetic resonance imaging and optical imaging SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Water Environment-Membrane Technology CY JUN 07-10, 2004 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IWA DE magnetic resonance imaging; fluorescent probes; iron oxide particles; optical imaging ID NEURONAL PRECURSORS; CELL-MIGRATION; BRAIN; MRI; REJECTION; STROKE; LEVEL; STEM AB Iron oxide particles are becoming an important contrast agent for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) cell tracking studies. Simultaneous delivery of fluorescence indicators with the particles to individual cells offers the possibility of correlating optical images and MRI. In this work, it is demonstrated that micron-sized iron oxide particles (MPIOs) can be used as a carrier to deliver fluorescent probes to cells in culture as well as to migrating neural progenitors in vivo. Migrating progenitors were tracked with MRI and easily identified by histology because of the fluorescent probe. These data suggest that using MPIOs to deliver fluorescent probes should make it possible to combine MRI and optical imaging for in vivo cell tracking. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Sumner, James P.; Conroy, Richard; Koretsky, Alan P.] Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Conroy, Richard; Moreland, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Shapiro, Erik M.] Yale Univ, Sch Med, Dept Radiol, New Haven, CT 06510 USA. RP Koretsky, AP (reprint author), Natl Inst Neurol Disorders & Stroke, Lab Funct & Mol Imaging, NIH, 10 Ctr Dr,Bldg 10 RM B1D728, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM koretskya@ninds.nih.gov RI Conroy, Richard/D-1979-2009; Koretsky, Alan/C-7940-2015 OI Conroy, Richard/0000-0002-8896-6090; Koretsky, Alan/0000-0002-8085-4756 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 NS003047-01] NR 21 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 12 IS 5 AR 051504 DI 10.1117/1.2800294 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 239WS UT WOS:000251549600011 PM 17994868 ER PT J AU Wells, WA Barker, PE MacAulay, C Novelli, M Levenson, RM Crawford, JM AF Wells, Wendy A. Barker, Peter E. MacAulay, Calum Novelli, Marco Levenson, Richard M. Crawford, James M. TI Validation of novel optical imaging technologies: the pathologists' view SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Water Environment-Membrane Technology CY JUN 07-10, 2004 CL Seoul, SOUTH KOREA SP IWA DE pathology; optical imaging; biomarker; interobserver variation; validation; standardization ID CONFOCAL LASER ENDOMICROSCOPY; CARCINOMA-IN-SITU; BREAST-CANCER; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; MR ELASTOGRAPHY; QUANTITATIVE-ANALYSIS; DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; BARRETTS-ESOPHAGUS; SPECTROSCOPY; TISSUE AB Noninvasive optical imaging technology has the potential to improve the accuracy of disease detection and predict treatment response. Pathology provides the critical link between the biological basis of an image or spectral signature and clinical outcomes obtained through optical imaging. The validation of optical images and spectra requires both morphologic diagnosis from histopathology and parametric analysis of tissue features above and beyond the declared pathologic "diagnosis." Enhancement of optical imaging modalities with exogenously applied biomarkers also requires validation of the biological basis for molecular contrast. For an optical diagnostic or prognostic technology to be useful, it must be clinically important, independently informative, and of demonstrated beneficial value to patient care. Its usage must be standardized with regard to methods, interpretation, reproducibility, and reporting, in which the pathologist plays a key role. By providing insight into disease pathobiology, interpretive or quantitative analysis of tissue material, and expertise in molecular diagnosis, the pathologist should be an integral part of any team that is validating novel optical imaging modalities. This review will consider (1) the selection of validation biomarkers; (2) standardization in tissue processing, diagnosis, reporting, and quantitative analysis; (3) the role of the pathologist in study design; and (4) reference standards, controls, and interobserver variability. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 [Crawford, James M.] Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pathol Immunol & Lab Med, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. [Wells, Wendy A.] Dartmouth Med Sch, Dept Pathol, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Barker, Peter E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST NCI Biomakers Validat Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [MacAulay, Calum] Univ British Columbia, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Novelli, Marco] UCL, Dept Pathol, London WC1E 6BT, England. [Levenson, Richard M.] CRI Inc, Biomed Syst, Woburn, MA 01801 USA. RP Crawford, JM (reprint author), Univ Florida, Coll Med, Dept Pathol Immunol & Lab Med, POB 100275, Gainesville, FL 32610 USA. EM crawford@pathology.ufl.edu NR 61 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 12 IS 5 AR 051801 DI 10.1117/1.2795569 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 239WS UT WOS:000251549600022 ER PT J AU Yin, JJ Stouffer, RJ AF Yin, Jianjun Stouffer, Ronald J. TI Comparison of the stability of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation in two coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; ABRUPT CLIMATE-CHANGE; MULTIPLE EQUILIBRIA; SIMULATIONS; FORMULATION; HYSTERESIS; GREENLAND; TRANSPORT; CYCLE; CO2 AB Two coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models developed at GFDL show differing stability properties of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project/Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (CMIP/PMIP) coordinated "water-hosing" experiment. In contrast to the R30 model in which the "off" state of the THC is stable, it is unstable in the CM2.1. This discrepancy has also been found among other climate models. Here a comprehensive analysis is performed to investigate the causes for the differing behaviors of the THC. In agreement with previous work, it is found that the different stability of the THC is closely related to the simulation of a reversed thermohaline circulation (RTHC) and the atmospheric feedback. After the shutdown of the THC, the RTHC is well developed and stable in R30. It transports freshwater into the subtropical North Atlantic, preventing the recovery of the salinity and stabilizing the off mode of the THC. The flux adjustment is a large term in the water budget of the Atlantic Ocean. In contrast, the RTHC is weak and unstable in CM2.1. The atmospheric feedback associated with the southward shift of the Atlantic ITCZ is much more significant. The oceanic freshwater convergence into the subtropical North Atlantic cannot completely compensate for the evaporation, leading to the recovery of the THC in CM2.1. The rapid salinity recovery in the subtropical North Atlantic excites large-scale baroclinic eddies, which propagate northward into the Nordic seas and Irminger Sea. As the large-scale eddies reach the high latitudes of the North Atlantic, the oceanic deep convection restarts. The differences in the southward propagation of the salinity and temperature anomalies from the hosing perturbation region in R30 and CM2.1, and associated different development of a reversed meridional density gradient in the upper South Atlantic, are the cause of the differences in the behavior of the RTHC. The present study sheds light on important physical and dynamical processes in simulating the dynamical behavior of the THC. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Yin, JJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, POB CN710, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM Jianjun.Yin@noaa.gov NR 55 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 20 IS 17 BP 4293 EP 4315 DI 10.1175/JCLI4256.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207FT UT WOS:000249237700001 ER PT J AU Vecchi, GA Soden, BJ AF Vecchi, Gabriel A. Soden, Brian J. TI Global warming and the weakening of the tropical circulation SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Review ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC THERMOCLINE; EL-NINO; INDIAN-OCEAN; DECADAL VARIABILITY; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY AB This study examines the response of the tropical atmospheric and oceanic circulation to increasing greenhouse gases using a coordinated set of twenty-first-century climate model experiments performed for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The strength of the atmospheric overturning circulation decreases as the climate warms in all IPCC AR4 models, in a manner consistent with the thermodynamic scaling arguments of Held and Soden. The weakening occurs preferentially in the zonally asymmetric (i.e., Walker) rather than zonal-mean (i.e., Hadley)component of the tropical circulation and is shown to induce substantial changes to the thermal structure and circulation of the tropical oceans. Evidence suggests that the overall circulation weakens by decreasing the frequency of strong updrafts and increasing the frequency of weak updrafts, although the robustness of this behavior across all models cannot be confirmed because of the lack of data. As the climate warms, changes in both the atmospheric and ocean circulation over the tropical Pacific Ocean resemble "El Nino-like" conditions; however, the mechanisms are shown to be distinct from those of El Nino and are reproduced in both mixed layer and full ocean dynamics coupled climate models. The character of the Indian Ocean response to global warming resembles that of Indian Ocean dipole mode events. The consensus of model results presented here is also consistent with recently detected changes in sea level pressure since the mid-nineteenth century. C1 Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Vecchi, GA (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Gabriel.A.Vecchi@noaa.gov RI Vecchi, Gabriel/A-2413-2008 OI Vecchi, Gabriel/0000-0002-5085-224X NR 105 TC 518 Z9 527 U1 10 U2 116 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 20 IS 17 BP 4316 EP 4340 DI 10.1175/JCLI4258.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207FT UT WOS:000249237700002 ER PT J AU Roundy, PE Kiladis, GN AF Roundy, Paul E. Kiladis, George N. TI Analysis of a reconstructed oceanic kelvin wave dynamic height dataset for the period 1974-2005 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; EL-NINO; WESTERN PACIFIC; ONSET; ENSO AB Intraseasonal oceanic Kelvin waves are the dominant mode of variability in the thermocline of the equatorial Pacific. Dynamic height data from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) Array of buoys moored in the tropical Pacific offer a convenient grid on which to study the waves but can only be effectively applied to study basinwide wave activity since about 1988 because of insufficient data at earlier times. Kelvin wave signals are also present in sea level data from island and coastal sites from the University of Hawaii Sea Level Center, some of which are available from before 1970 and up to 2003. This work describes a technique for reconstructing equatorial dynamic height data back to 1974, by utilizing regression relationships between the TAO data and daily sea level time series from 11 stations in the tropical Pacific. The reconstructed data are analyzed for skill in approximating Kelvin wave signals when TAO data are available. Reconstructed Kelvin wave signals prior to the TAO period are then analyzed for consistency with the wind stress anomalies that are responsible for generating the waves. A regression analysis showing intraseasonal patterns of convection and winds that occur during periods of adjustment toward El Nino conditions is applied during the period 1974-87 for comparison with an earlier result calculated from TAO data for 1988-2005. Systematic changes in Kelvin wave phase speed with respect to ENSO documented for the latter period are confirmed in the earlier reconstructed dataset. C1 SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. NOAA, CIRES Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Roundy, PE (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, DEAS ES351, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM roundy@atmos.albany.edu NR 25 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 20 IS 17 BP 4341 EP 4355 DI 10.1175/JCLI4249.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207FT UT WOS:000249237700003 ER PT J AU Christy, JR Norris, WB Gallo, KP AF Christy, John R. Norris, William B. Gallo, Kevin P. TI Comments on "methodology and results of calculating central california surface temperature trends: Evidence of human-induced climate change?" - Reply SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Editorial Material ID UNITED-STATES; DATABASE C1 Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Christy, JR (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Ctr Earth Syst Sci, Cramer Hall, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. EM Christy@nsstu.uah.edu RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 20 IS 17 BP 4490 EP 4493 DI 10.1175/JCLI4250.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 207FT UT WOS:000249237700012 ER PT J AU Lin, JL AF Lin, Jia-Lin TI The double-ITCZ problem in IPCC AR4 coupled GCMs: Ocean-atmosphere feedback analysis SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; PACIFIC COLD-TONGUE; MULTIPLE QUASI EQUILIBRIA; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; WALKER CIRCULATION; EL-NINO AB This study examines the double-intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) problem in the coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The twentieth-century climate simulations of 22 IPCC AR4 CGCMs are analyzed, together with the available Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project (AMIP) runs from 12 of them. To understand the physical mechanisms for the double-ITCZ problem, the main ocean-atmosphere feedbacks, including the zonal sea surface temperature (SST) gradient-trade wind feedback (or Bjerknes feedback), the SST-surface latent heat flux (LHF) feedback, and the SST-surface shortwave flux (SWF) feedback, are studied in detail. The results show that most of the current state-of-the-art CGCMs have some degree of the double-ITCZ problem, which is characterized by excessive precipitation over much of the Tropics ( e. g., Northern Hemisphere ITCZ, South Pacific convergence zone, Maritime Continent, and equatorial Indian Ocean), and are often associated with insufficient precipitation over the equatorial Pacific. The excessive precipitation over much of the Tropics usually causes overly strong trade winds, excessive LHF, and insufficient SWF, leading to significant cold SST bias in much of the tropical oceans. Most of the models also simulate insufficient latitudinal asymmetry in precipitation and SST over the eastern Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. The AMIP runs also produce excessive precipitation over much of the Tropics, including the equatorial Pacific, which also leads to overly strong trade winds, excessive LHF, and insufficient SWF. This suggests that the excessive tropical precipitation is an intrinsic error of the atmospheric models, and that the insufficient equatorial Pacific precipitation in the coupled runs of many models comes from ocean atmosphere feedback. Feedback analysis demonstrates that the insufficient equatorial Pacific precipitation in different models is associated with one or more of the following three biases in ocean-atmosphere feedback over the equatorial Pacific: 1) excessive Bjerknes feedback, which is caused by excessive sensitivity of precipitation to SST and overly strong time-mean surface wind speed; 2) overly positive SST-LHF feedback, which is caused by excessive sensitivity of surface air humidity to SST; and 3) insufficient SST-SWF feedback, which is caused by insufficient sensitivity of cloud amount to precipitation. Off the equator over the eastern Pacific stratus region, most of the models produce insufficient stratus-SST feedback associated with insufficient sensitivity of stratus cloud amount to SST, which may contribute to the insufficient latitudinal asymmetry of SST in their coupled runs. These results suggest that the double-ITCZ problem in CGCMs may be alleviated by reducing the excessive tropical precipitation and the above feedback-relevant errors in the atmospheric models. C1 NOAA, ESRL, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lin, JL (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jialin.lin@noaa.gov NR 90 TC 270 Z9 282 U1 5 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 20 IS 18 BP 4497 EP 4525 DI 10.1175/JCLI4272.1 PG 29 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 216NU UT WOS:000249885700001 ER PT J AU Deser, C Tomas, RA Peng, SL AF Deser, Clara Tomas, Robert A. Peng, Shiling TI The transient atmospheric circulation response to North Atlantic SST and sea ice anomalies SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; MINIMUM MIDTROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURES; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; WINTER CIRCULATION; STORM TRACK; PART I; CCM3; VARIABILITY; GCM; OSCILLATION AB The objective of this study is to investigate the transient evolution of the wintertime atmospheric circulation response to imposed patterns of SST and sea ice extent anomalies in the North Atlantic sector using a large ensemble of experiments with the NCAR Community Climate Model version 3 (CCM3). The initial adjustment of the atmospheric circulation is characterized by an out-of-phase relationship between geopotential height anomalies in the lower and upper troposphere localized to the vicinity of the forcing. This initial baroclinic response reaches a maximum amplitude in similar to 5-10 days, and persists for 2-3 weeks. Diagnostic results with a linear primitive equation model indicate that this initial response is forced by diabatic heating anomalies in the lower troposphere associated with surface heat flux anomalies generated by the imposed thermal forcing. Following the initial baroclinic stage of adjustment, the response becomes progressively more barotropic and increases in both spatial extent and magnitude. The equilibrium stage of adjustment is reached in 2-2.5 months, and is characterized by an equivalent barotropic structure that resembles the hemispheric North Atlantic Oscillation-Northern Annular Mode (NAO-NAM) pattern, the model's leading internal mode of circulation variability over the Northern Hemisphere. The maximum amplitude of the equilibrium response is approximately 2-3 times larger than that of the initial response. The equilibrium response is primarily maintained by nonlinear transient eddy fluxes of vorticity (and, to a lesser extent, heat), with diabatic heating making a limited contribution in the vicinity of the forcing. C1 Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Deser, C (reprint author), NCAR, Climate & Global Dynamics Div, PO Box 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM cdeser@ucar.edu NR 31 TC 99 Z9 109 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 20 IS 18 BP 4751 EP 4767 DI 10.1175/JCLI4278.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 216NU UT WOS:000249885700015 ER PT J AU Sellars, JD Jolls, CL AF Sellars, Jon D. Jolls, Claudia L. TI Habitat modeling for Amaranthus pumilus: An application of light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; habitat assessment; habitat model; rare species; dune; beach; logistic regression; geographic information systems (GIS); global positioning system (GPS) ID AIRBORNE TOPOGRAPHIC LIDAR; REMOTE-SENSING TECHNIQUES; ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; NATIONAL SEASHORE; GIS; PREDICTION; BEACH; RESTORATION; DISTURBANCE; REGRESSION AB Anthropogenic management of dynamic ecosystems has led to decline of species dependent on processes that maintain suitable habitat, particularly on barrier islands. By evaluating environmental variables over large geographic areas, remote-sensing data and geographic information systems (GIS) hold increasing promise for management of these unique habitats and their species associates. We used light detection and ranging (LIDAR) data to extract habitat variables for Amaranthus pumilus, a federally threatened flowering annual of the Atlantic barrier islands. We asked: (1) can habitat variables for A. pumilus be extracted from remote-sensing data, and (2) can these variables be used to model suitable habitat? We extracted topographic habitat variables for naturally occurring plants and evaluated habitat using multiple statistical techniques and other published model performance measures. We found that elevation was the most limiting topographic variable controlling the occurrence of Amaranthus pumilus. The most occurrences fell with in a 1.23 m range relative to local mean high water. Additionally, we used digital imagery collected concurrently with the LIDAR data to assess the role of vegetation cover in A. pumilus distribution. The occurrence of seabeach amaranth in previous years also was factored into the models. The models performed well, predicting 460%-100% of the plant occurrences using as little as 2% of the habitat. Amaranthus pumilus can potentially serve as a conservation "umbrella" for coastal biodiversity. The methods presented here for identification of A. pumilus habitat, using GIS and model construction of potential habitat, can be applied to other species of concern, including nesting shorebirds and sea turtles. C1 E Carolina Univ, Dept Biol, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. RP Sellars, JD (reprint author), NOAA, SSMCIII 8218,1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jollsc@ecu.edu NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 22 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1193 EP 1202 DI 10.2112/04-0334.1 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 212TG UT WOS:000249619100014 ER PT J AU Caldwell, PC Aucan, JP AF Caldwell, Patrick C. Aucan, Jerome P. TI An empirical method for estimating surf heights from deepwater significant wave heights and peak periods in coastal zones with narrow shelves, steep bottom slopes, and high refraction SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE visual surf observations; buoy data; transformation AB Surf forecasts are vital for safety, property protection, and planning of coastal activities. In Hawaii, surf is frequently dangerous during the boreal fall through spring for northwest- through north-facing coastal areas, which are characterized by narrow shelves, steep bottom slopes, and zones of high refraction. Forecasts of deepwater wave characteristics have improved with the advancement of the Wave Watch III model. A waverider buoy located 5 km northwest of Waimea Bay, Oahu measures the deepwater wave field. Although the offshore wave field is well forecasted and observed, the transformation to surf heights has not been clearly defined and verified. This paper describes an empirical method for estimating breaker heights derived from a comparison of Waimea buoy measurements and north shore, Oahu daily surf observations, which nominally represent the H,,,, for the locations with the highest reported surf and have been recorded in Hawaii scale. The first task of this study is to translate the visual surf observations from Hawaii scale to trough-to-crest heights. The results show that the trough-to-crest heights are twice the Hawaii scale values within the 10-20% margin of error for the full range of breaker sizes encountered in Hawaii. The empirical method is resolved by deriving a coefficient of refraction on the basis of comparisons of the trough-to-crest surf observations with the shoaling-only, estimated breaker heights, which are calculated from the Waimea buoy's significant wave heights and dominant periods. The resultant formula uses offshore wave height and period to estimate surf heights, which represent the H,,,, for zones of high refraction, i.e., nominally the areas of highest surf. The empirical formula should be applicable to other coastal zones of the world with similar geophysical traits and could serve as a scale reference for coastal wave models, such as the Simulating Waves Nearshore model. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Hawaii Liaison Off, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Caldwell, PC (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Hawaii Liaison Off, 1000 Pope Rd,MSB 316, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM patrick.caldwell@noaa.gov; jaucan@soest.hawaii.edu RI Aucan, Jerome/M-8378-2014 OI Aucan, Jerome/0000-0002-9883-0082 NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 11 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 23 IS 5 BP 1237 EP 1244 DI 10.2112/04-0397R.1 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 212TG UT WOS:000249619100018 ER PT J AU Lidie, KB Van Dolah, FM AF Lidie, Kristy B. Van Dolah, Frances M. TI Spliced leader RNA-Mediated trans-splicing in a dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis SO JOURNAL OF EUKARYOTIC MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Florida Red Tide; gene regulation; mRNA processing; protist; Sm-binding site; snRNA ID MESSENGER-RNAS; FUNCTIONAL-CHARACTERIZATION; TRANSCRIPTION INITIATION; BINDING PROTEINS; GENE-EXPRESSION; SL RNA; SEQUENCE; DNA; TRYPANOSOMES; IDENTIFICATION AB Spliced leader (SL) trans-splicing is a form of mRNA processing originally described in parasitic kinetoplastids. During this reaction, a short RNA sequence is transferred from the 5'-end of an SL transcript to a splice acceptor site on pre-mRNA molecules. Here we report numerous mRNAs from a dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis, which contain an identical leader sequence at their 5'-terminal end. Furthermore, we have isolated a gene from K. brevis encoding a putative SL RNA containing the conserved splice donor site immediately following the leader sequence. A 1,742-bp DNA fragment encoding a K. brevis 5S gene repeat was found to encode the SL RNA gene, as well as a U6 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene, and binding sites for the core components of the splicesome (Sm proteins) involved in RNA splicing. Therefore the K. brevis SL RNA appears to be in a genomic arrangement typical of SL genes in a number of species known to mature their mRNAs by trans-splicing. Additionally, we show that the SL gene exists as a stable snRNA and has a predicted secondary structure typical of SL RNAs. The data presented here support the hypothesis that an SL RNA is present in K. brevis and that maturation of a percentage of mRNAs in K. brevis occurs via a trans-splicing process in which a common SL sequence is added to the 5'-end of mature mRNAs. The occurrence of SL trans-splicing in a dinoflagellate extends the known phylogenetic range of this process. C1 NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC USA. Med Univ S Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC USA. EM fran.vandolah@noaa.gov NR 48 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1066-5234 J9 J EUKARYOT MICROBIOL JI J. Eukaryot. Microbiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 54 IS 5 BP 427 EP 435 DI 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2007.00282.x PG 9 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 216NB UT WOS:000249883600004 PM 17910687 ER PT J AU Peyronnet, A Friedland, KD Maoileidigh, NO Manning, M Poole, WR AF Peyronnet, A. Friedland, K. D. Maoileidigh, N. O. Manning, M. Poole, W. R. TI Links between patterns of marine growth and survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar, L. SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; circuli; growth; post-smolt; survival ID POST-SMOLT GROWTH; NORTH-SEA AREA; COHO SALMON; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SCALE CIRCULI; SIZE; POSTSMOLTS; ABUNDANCE; FISHERIES; AMERICAN AB The hypothesis that marine survival of Atlantic salmon Salmo Salar is linked to marine growth was explored by using inter-circuli distances and total numbers of circuli existing on scales from a population monitored over nearly four decades. The results suggest that marine growth controls survival, particularly during the late summer and early winter of the first year at sea. Recruitment is strongly linked to growth, described as the total number of circuli, but not to inter-circuli distances. This highlights the potential of patterns of circuli number to be considered as proxies for growth. Indications that hatchery populations might be subject to other mortality events, in addition to those experienced by wild populations, are also presented. (C) 2007 The Authors Journal compilation (C) 2007 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. Marine Inst, Catchment Management Serv, Newport, Co Mayo, Ireland. RP Peyronnet, A (reprint author), IFREMER, Ctr Nantes, EMH, Rue Ile Yeu,BP 21105, F-44311 Nantes 3, France. EM arnaud.peyronnet@ifremer.fr NR 41 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 11 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 684 EP 700 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01538.x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 206FK UT WOS:000249169100004 ER PT J AU Smith, BE Ligenza, TJ Almeida, FP Link, JS AF Smith, B. E. Ligenza, T. J. Almeida, F. P. Link, J. S. TI The trophic ecology of Atlantic cod: insights from tri-monthly, localized scales of sampling SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioenergetics; Gadus morhua; gorge feeding; meso-scales; prey field; trophic; dynamics ID GADUS-MORHUA L; HERRING CLUPEA-HARENGUS; GEORGES-BANK; ST-LAWRENCE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; ENERGY RESERVES; SOUTHERN GULF; JUVENILE COD; FOOD; TEMPERATURE AB The meso-scale trophic dynamics of cod Gadus morhua were examined based upon tri-monthly stomach sample collections from a nearshore, localized (c. 800 km(2)) region off Cape Cod, Massachusetts, U.S.A. The major objective for this work was to relate any changes in cod diet and amount of food eaten to seasonal variations in prey availability, water temperature and spawning at a spatial scale between broad-scale and laboratory studies. Results suggested that the type and amount of food eaten by cod was generally consistent throughout a year and repeatable across years. Cod feeding was marked by two periods of increased feeding, corresponding to the arrival of small pelagic fishes in the area. This pelagic migration and subsequent increased feeding by cod occurred during important periods in the life history of cod (e.g. spawning and overwintering). Similar annual patterns in food consumption and diet composition were remarkably consistent over the 2.5 years of the project, suggesting important feeding periods for cod that correspond to environmental and biological events. The diet of cod was composed primarily of several species of forage fishes [e.g. herrings (predominantly Atlantic herring Clupea harengus), sand lance Ammodytes sp. and Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus], ophiuroids, Cancer sp. crabs and other small crustaceans. It was inferred that cod exhibited a maintenance diet on local forage fishes and benthic macroinvertebrates, augmenting their diet by seasonally gorge feeding upon migrating pelagic species.Journal compilation (C) 2007 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. No claim to original US government works. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Smith, BE (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM brian.smith@noaa.gov NR 57 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 749 EP 762 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01540.x PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 206FK UT WOS:000249169100008 ER PT J AU Dougherty, AB Bailey, KM Mier, KL AF Dougherty, A. B. Bailey, K. M. Mier, K. L. TI Interannual differences in growth and hatch date distributions of age-0 year walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas) sampled from the Shumagin Islands region of the Gulf of Alaska, 1985-2001 SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth; hatch date distributions; otoliths; Theragra chalcogramma ID SHELIKOF-STRAIT; WESTERN GULF; OF-ALASKA; LARVAL; POPULATION; OTOLITH; OCEANOGRAPHY; RECRUITMENT; TRANSPORT; SURVIVAL AB Daily increments of age-0 year walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma otoliths from 1985 to 2001 were examined for interannual variability in growth and hatch dates. Fish were collected in summer and autumn surveys near the Shumagin Islands in the western Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Hatch date distributions of these fish were compared with hatch dates of larvae from spawning aggregations located in Shelikof Strait and the Shumagin Islands based on their spawning times. The hatch date distributions of age-0 year fish captured from the Shumagin Islands area were similar to those observed for larvae from the Shelikof Strait spawning group. Age-0 year fish whose hatch dates corresponded to the Shumagin Islands spawning, which occurred earlier in January and February, were not found. Sea surface temperature was associated with variability in hatch date distribution and growth. (C) Journal compilation (C) 2007 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Dougherty, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM annette.dougherty@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 3 BP 763 EP 780 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01543.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 206FK UT WOS:000249169100009 ER PT J AU Purkis, SJ Kohler, KE Riegl, BM Rohmann, SO AF Purkis, Samuel J. Kohler, Kevin E. Riegl, Bernhard M. Rohmann, Steven O. TI The statistics of natural shapes in modern coral reef landscapes SO JOURNAL OF GEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT ACCUMULATION; ECOLOGICAL-SYSTEMS; SPATIAL PATTERNS; PATCH PATTERNS; ARABIAN GULF; DYNAMICS; EXTINCTION; PLATFORMS; SCALES; SETTLEMENT AB Spatial heterogeneity is a fundamental characteristic of modern and ancient depositional settings, and the scaling of many carbonate environments has been shown to follow power function distributions. The difficulty in obtaining information on the horizontal persistence of sedimentary lithotopes at the basin scale has, however, hampered evaluation of this fact over larger geographic areas. In recent years, large-scale maps of reef facies derived from remotely sensed data have become widely available, allowing for an analysis of reef-scale map products from 26 sites spread through four reef provinces, covering > 7000 km(2) of shallow-water habitat in the U. S. territorial Pacific. For each site, facies maps were decomposed to polygons describing the perimeter of patches of differing sedimentologic/ benthic character. A suite of geospatial metrics quantifying unit shape, fractal dimension, and frequency-area relations was applied to investigate the intra- and intersite variability. The spatial architecture of these reef sites displays robust fractal properties over an extended range of scales with remarkable consistency between provinces. These results indicate the possibility of extrapolating information from large to small scales in various depositional environments. C1 Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Natl Coral Reef Inst, Dania, FL 33004 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospeher Adm, Special Projects Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Rohmann, SO (reprint author), Nova SE Univ, Oceanog Ctr, Natl Coral Reef Inst, 8000 N Ocean Dr, Dania, FL 33004 USA. EM purkis@nova.edu RI Riegl, Bernhard/F-8807-2011; Purkis, Sam/B-8552-2013; OI Riegl, Bernhard/0000-0002-6003-9324 NR 52 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 12 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0022-1376 J9 J GEOL JI J. Geol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 115 IS 5 BP 493 EP 508 DI 10.1086/519774 PG 16 WC Geology SC Geology GA 203HE UT WOS:000248964900001 ER PT J AU French, JRP Adams, JV Craig, J Stickel, RG Nichols, SJ Fleischer, GW AF French, John R. P., III Adams, Jean V. Craig, Jaquelyn Stickel, Richard G. Nichols, S. Jerrine Fleischer, Guy W. TI Shell-free biomass and population dynamics of dreissenids in offshore Lake Michigan, 2001-2003 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE dreissenids; lake Michigan; distribution; body mass; recruitment ID LOWER GREAT-LAKES; ZEBRA MUSSEL; POLYMORPHA; BUGENSIS; ERIE; DEPTH; COMMUNITY; FLOW AB The USGS-Great Lakes Science Center has collected dreissenid mussels annually from Lake Michigan since zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) became a significant portion of the bottom-trawl catch in 1999. For this study, we investigated dreissenid distribution, body mass, and recruitment at different depths in Lake Michigan during 2001-2003. The highest densities of dreissenid biomass were observed from depths of 27 to 46 m. The biomass of quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) increased exponentially during 2001-2003, while that of zebra mussels did not change significantly. Body mass (standardized for a given shell length) of both species was lowest from depths of 27 to 37m, highest from 55 to 64 m, and declined linearly at deeper depths during 2001-2003. Recruitment in 2003, as characterized by the proportion of mussels < 11 mm in the catch, varied with depth and lake region. For quagga mussels, recruitment declined linearly with depth, and was highest in northern Lake Michigan. For zebra mussels, recruitment generally declined non-linearly with depth, although the pattern was different for north, mid, and southern Lake Michigan. Our analyses suggest that quagga mussels could overtake zebra mussels and become the most abundant mollusk in terms of biomass in Lake Michigan. C1 US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP French, JRP (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Great Lakes Sci Ctr, 1451 Green Rd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM frenchjrp@usgs.gov NR 26 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 536 EP 545 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[536:SBAPDO]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223JE UT WOS:000250365400002 ER PT J AU Watkins, JM Dermott, R Lozano, SJ Mills, EL Rudstam, LG Scharold, JV AF Watkins, James M. Dermott, Ronald Lozano, Stephen J. Mills, Edward L. Rudstam, Lars G. Scharold, Jill V. TI Evidence for remote effects of dreissenid mussels on the amphipod Diporeia: analysis of Lake Ontario Benthic Surveys, 1972-2003 SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE amphipod; diporeia; Dreissena; lake Ontario; competition ID GREAT-LAKES; MONOPOREIA-AFFINIS; KEWEENAW PENINSULA; NEPHELOID LAYER; MICHIGAN; POLYMORPHA; COMMUNITY; SUPERIOR; ERIE; FOOD AB The status of invasive dreissenid mussels (Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis) and native amphipods (Diporeia spp.) in Lake Ontario was assessed in 2003 and compared with historical data. D. polymorpha (zebra mussels) were rarely observed in 2003, having been displaced by D. bugensis (quagga mussels). D. bugensis expanded its depth range from 38 m depth in 1995 to 174 m in 2003 and this dreissenid reached densities averaging 8,000/m(2) at all sites < 90 m. During the same time period, Diporeia populations almost completely disappeared from 0-90 m depth, continuing a declining trend from 1994-1997 reported in previous studies. The average density of Diporeia in the 30-90 m depth interval decreased from 1,380/m(2) to 63/m(2) between 1997 and 2003. Prior to 2003, areas deeper than 90 m represented a refuge for Diporeia, but even these deep populations decreased, with densities declining from 2,181/m(2) in 1999 to 545/m(2) in 2003. Two common hypotheses for the decline of Diporeia in the Great Lakes are food limitation and a toxin/pathogen associated with dreissenid pseudofeces. The Diporeia decline in deep waters preceded the expansion of D. bugensis to these depths, and suggests that shallow dreissenid populations remotely influence profundal habitats. This pattern of decline is consistent with mechanisms that act from some distance including nearshore dreissenid grazing and downslope transport of pseudofeces. C1 Cornell Biol Field Stn, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. US EPA, Mid Continent Ecol Div, Duluth, MN 55804 USA. RP Watkins, JM (reprint author), Cornell Biol Field Stn, 900 Shackelton Pt Rd, Bridgeport, NY 13030 USA. EM jmw237@cornell.edu NR 49 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 4 U2 22 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 33 IS 3 BP 642 EP 657 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2007)33[642:EFREOD]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 223JE UT WOS:000250365400011 ER PT J AU Walsh, D Polyakov, I Timokhov, L Carmack, E AF Walsh, David Polyakov, Igor Timokhov, Leonid Carmack, Eddy TI Thermohaline structure and variability in the eastern Nansen Basin as seen from historical data SO JOURNAL OF MARINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID OCEAN BOUNDARY CURRENT; ARCTIC-OCEAN; FRAM STRAIT; SEA-ICE; ATLANTIC WATER; FRESH-WATER; HALOCLINE; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; NORTH AB Newly available historical Russian data are used to quantify year-to-year variations in the structure and properties of the halocline and Atlantic Water layers in the eastern Nansen Basin. The data come from a series of aerial surveys of the central Arctic Ocean done during winter between 1973 and 1979, and repeated "Polygon" surveys of the shelf, slope, and basin north of Severnaya Zemlya in the 1980s, and thus allow a perspective oil shelf-basin exchange. A water-mass census shows substantial survey-to-survey variability in several water-mass categories, with volumetric fluctuations of similar to 17% in the Upper Polar Deep Water category, similar to 14% in Atlantic Water, and similar to 39% for cold surface waters with T < -1.5 degrees C. Mean water-mass production rates in the Polygon area are found to be 0.6-1.2 Sv for Upper Polar Deep Water, and an effective loss rate of 0.75-1.5 Sv is found for Atlantic Waters. On average Atlantic Water loses 16% of its initial heat content within the 350 km-long survey area, possibly enhanced by double-diffusive processes. Mean upward heat fluxes above the Atlantic Water are estimated to be between 4 and 6 W/m(2), based on heat budget considerations. Upward heat fluxes of this magnitude would have a major effect on sea ice, which is regularly observed to be thinner in this area of the Nansen Basin. Shallow-water profiles taken close to Severnaya Zemlya show cold and salty waters denser than offshore waters at similar depths, and evidence of convection is seen in many profiles taken over the continental shelf and slope, reflecting deep convective events extending in some cases below the deepest observed depth of 1000 m. C1 [Walsh, David] NOAA, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. [Polyakov, Igor] Univ Alaska, Int Arct Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Timokhov, Leonid] Arctic & Antarctic Res Inst, St Petersburg 199226, Russia. [Carmack, Eddy] Fisheries Oceans Canada Inst Ocean Sci, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Walsh, D (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, 91-270 Ft Weaver Rd, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. EM david.walsh@izoaa.gov NR 54 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU SEARS FOUNDATION MARINE RESEARCH PI NEW HAVEN PA YALE UNIV, KLINE GEOLOGY LAB, 210 WHITNEY AVENUE, NEW HAVEN, CT 06520-8109 USA SN 0022-2402 EI 1543-9542 J9 J MAR RES JI J. Mar. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 65 IS 5 BP 685 EP 714 DI 10.1357/002224007783649466 PG 30 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 268AK UT WOS:000253550100005 ER PT J AU Cai, M Langford, SC Dickinson, JT Levine, LE AF Cai, M. Langford, S. C. Dickinson, J. T. Levine, L. E. TI Deformation of cube-textured aluminum studied using laser-induced photoelectron emission SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELECTRON WORK FUNCTION; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; TENSILE DEFORMATION; POLYCRYSTALLINE ALUMINUM; FLOW-STRESS; ORIENTATION; PHOTOEMISSION; TEMPERATURE; DIFFRACTION; ROTATION AB The evolution of the kinetic energy distribution of photoelectrons from a cube-oriented aluminum sample during tensile deformation was probed with a retarding field energy analyzer. Because of the anisotropy of the aluminum work function, the electron-energy distribution is altered as the area fractions of the major Surface planes change during deformation. In cube-textured aluminum, deformation reduces the {100} area fraction and the relatively low energy electrons from these surfaces. Conversely, the {110} and {111} area fractions and the relatively high energy electrons from these surfaces both increase. These changes are quantitatively consistent With texture analysis by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). They reflect deformation-induced production of {111} surfaces by slip and the exposure of {110} surfaces by grain rotation. Photoelectron kinetic energy measurements supplement EBSD measurements and are readily acquired in real-time. C1 Washington State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cai, M (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Engn Technol, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM mcai@uh.edu NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 22 IS 9 BP 2582 EP 2589 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0313 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 206GA UT WOS:000249170700032 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Murlieva, ZK Palchaev, DK Kazbekov, KK Maangalov, MM AF Abdulagatov, I. M. Murlieva, Zh. Kh. Palchaev, D. K. Kazbekov, K. K. Maangalov, M. M. TI Thermal expansion and kinetic coefficients of crystals SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article DE metals; alloys; thermal expansion; transport properties; electrical properties ID ELECTRICAL-RESISTIVITY; CONDUCTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; SOLIDS AB Electrical (rho) and thermal (W) resistivities and thermal expansion coefficient (beta) of Cu, Zn, Al, ph, Ni, beta-brass, Al2O3, NaCl, Si, SiO2(vertical bar vertical bar), and SiO2(perpendicular to) were simultaneously measured with standard four-probe, absolute steady-state, and quartz dilatometer techniques. Measurements of Ni and beta-brass were performed at temperatures from 300 to 1100 K and measurements of all other samples were made between 90 and 500 K. This temperature range includes the range below and above the Debye temperature (T-D). The total uncertainties of the specific electrical and thermal resistivities and thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) measurements are 0.5%, 3.0%, and (1.5-4.0%), respectively. The universal linear relationship between the electrical and thermal resistivities and beta T over the wide temperature range was found experimentally. Using the Landau criterion for convection development for ideal phonon and electron gases in the solids, the universal relations, rho(ph)/rho* = beta T and W-ph/W* = beta T (where rho(ph) is the phonon electrical resistivity, rho* = e (E) over tilde /Jc(p)tau(phi) is the characteristic electrical resistivity, W-ph is the phonon thermal resistivity, and W* = k(B)G/qc(p) is the characteristic thermal resistivity) between relative phonon electrical and phonon thermal resistivities and beta T were derived. The derived universal relations provide a new method for estimating the kinetic coefficients (electrical and thermal resistivities) from TEC measurements. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. Dagestan State Univ, Makhachkala 367027, Dagestan, Russia. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov RI Palchaev, Dair/E-8323-2014 OI Palchaev, Dair/0000-0002-3364-5927 NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD SEP PY 2007 VL 68 IS 9 BP 1713 EP 1720 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2007.04.015 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 214WX UT WOS:000249770000014 ER PT J AU Marshall, JC Vernier, PT AF Marshall, Janet C. Vernier, P. Thomas TI Electro-physical technique for post-fabrication measurements of CMOS process layer thicknesses SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE CMOS; MEMS; nomenclature; platform height; step height; test structures; thickness; Young's modulus AB This paper(1) presents a combined physical and electrical post- fabrication method for determining the thicknesses of the various layers in a commercial 1.5 mu m complementary-metal-oxide- semiconductor (CMOS) foundry process available through MOSIS. Forty- two thickness values are obtained from physical step- height measurements performed on thickness test structures and from electrical measurements of capacitances, sheet resistances, and resistivities. Appropriate expressions, numeric values, and uncertainties for each layer of thickness are presented, along with a systematic nomenclature for interconnect and dielectric thicknesses. However, apparent inconsistencies between several of the physical and electrical results for film thickness suggest that further uncertainty analysis is required and the effects of several assumptions need to be quantified. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ So Calif, Inst Informat Sci, Marina Del Rey, CA 90292 USA. RP Marshall, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM janet.marshall@nist.gov; vernier@mosis.com NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 112 IS 5 BP 223 EP 256 DI 10.6028/jres.112.018 PG 34 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 229ES UT WOS:000250786400001 PM 27110468 ER PT J AU Hagedorn, JG Dunkers, JP Satterfield, SG Peskin, AP Kelso, JT Terrill, JE AF Hagedorn, John G. Dunkers, Joy P. Satterfield, Steven G. Peskin, Adele P. Kelso, John T. Terrill, Judith E. TI Measurement tools for the immersive visualization environment: Steps toward the virtual laboratory SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE immersive visualization; measurement; tissue engineering; virtual laboratory; virtual reality ID MICRO-COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; POLYMER SCAFFOLDS; IN-VITRO; TISSUE; FABRICATION; REALITY AB This paper describes a set of tools for performing measurements of objects in a virtual reality based immersive visualization environment. These tools enable the use of the immersive environment as an instrument for extracting quantitative information from data representations that hitherto had be used solely for qualitative examination. We provide, within the virtual environment, ways for the user to analyze and interact with the quantitative data generated. We describe results generated by these methods to obtain dimensional descriptors of tissue engineered medical products. We regard this toolbox as our first step in the implementation of a virtual measurement laboratory within an immersive visualization environment. C1 NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Math & Computat Sci Div, Sci Applicat & Visualizat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Biomat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Hagedorn, JG (reprint author), NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Math & Computat Sci Div, Sci Applicat & Visualizat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.hagedorn@nist.gov; joy.dunkers@nist.gov; steven.satterfield@nist.gov; adele.peskin@nist.gov; john.kelso@nist.gov; judith.terrill@nist.gov NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 112 IS 5 BP 257 EP 270 DI 10.6028/jres.112.019 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 229ES UT WOS:000250786400002 PM 27110469 ER PT J AU McFadden, GB Coriell, SR Gurski, KF Cotrell, DL AF McFadden, G. B. Coriell, S. R. Gurski, K. F. Cotrell, D. L. TI Convective instabilities in two liquid layers SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Benard convection; benzenewater system; fluid bilayers; hydrodynamic stability; Marangoni convection; Rayleigh-Taylor convection AB We perform linear stability calculations for horizontal fluid bilayers, taking into account both buoyancy effects and thermocapillary effects in the presence of a vertical temperature gradient. To help understand the mechanisms driving the instability, we have performed both long- wavelength and short- wavelength analyses. The mechanism for the large wavelength instability is complicated, and the detailed form of the expansion is found to depend on the Crispation and Bond numbers. The system also allows a conventional Rayleigh- Taylor instability if heavier fluid overlies lighter fluid, and the long- wavelength analysis describes this case as well. In addition to the asymptotic analyses for large and small wavelengths, we have performed numerical calculations using materials parameters for a benzene- water system. C1 NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. George Washington Univ, Dept Math, Washington, DC 20052 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP McFadden, GB (reprint author), NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mcfadden@nist.gov; sam.coriell@nist.gov; katharine.gurski@nist.gov; cotrell2@llnl.gov RI McFadden, Geoffrey/A-7920-2008; OI McFadden, Geoffrey/0000-0001-6723-2103; Gurski, Katharine/0000-0002-4589-8307 NR 16 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 112 IS 5 BP 271 EP 281 DI 10.6028/jres.112.020 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 229ES UT WOS:000250786400003 PM 27110470 ER PT J AU Li, XY Scott, T Cromer, C Cooper, D Comisford, S AF Li, Xiaoyu Scott, Thomas Cromer, Chris Cooper, David Comisford, Steven TI Comparison between NIST and AF laser energy standards using high power lasers SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE BB calorimeter; beamsplitter; chopper wheel; comparison; high-energy; laser; K-series calorimeter; monitor detector; responsivity; transfer standard AB We report the results of a high-energy laser calorimeter comparison conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Boulder, Colorado and the U.S. Air Force Primary Standards laboratory (AFPSL), Heath, Ohio. A laser power meter, used as a transfer standard, was calibrated at each laboratory, sequentially, and the measurement results were compared. These measurements were performed at a nominal power of 800 W and a wavelength of 10.6 mu m using CO2 lasers. Excellent measurement agreement (1.02 %) was demonstrated, which was well within each of the expanded uncertainties from the two laboratories involved in this comparison. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USAF Primary Stand Lab, Heath, OH 43056 USA. RP Li, XY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM xiaoyu@boulder.nist.gov; tomrscott@Wyoming.com; cromer@boulder.nist.gov; david.cooper@afmetcal.af.mil; steve.comisford@afmetcal.af.mil NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 112 IS 5 BP 283 EP 286 DI 10.6028/jres.112.021 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 229ES UT WOS:000250786400004 PM 27110471 ER PT J AU Mumme, WG Grey, IE Roth, RS Vanderah, TA AF Mumme, W. Gus Grey, Ian E. Roth, Robert S. Vanderah, Terrell A. TI Contrasting oxide crystal chemistry of Nb and Ta: The structures of the hexagonal bronzes BaTa2O6 and Ba0.93Nb2.03O6 SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE hexagonal BaTa2O6 structure; hexagonal Ba0.93Nb2.03O6 structure; single-crystal refinements of hexagonal BaTa2O6 type ID PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; PHASE-EQUILIBRIA; VISIBLE-LIGHT; O-2; H-2; SYSTEM; NIOBATE; SERIES; A=CA; SR AB The high-temperature hexagonal forms of BaTa2O6 and Ba0.93Nb2.03O6 have P6/mmm symmetry with unit-cell parameters a = 21.116(1) angstrom, c = 3.9157(2) angstrom and a = 21.0174(3) angstrom, c = 3.9732(1) angstrom, respectively. Single crystal X-ray structure refinements for both phases are generally consistent with a previously proposed model, except for displacements of some Ba atoms from high-symmetry positions. The structures are based oil a framework of corner- and edge-connected Nb/Ta-centred octahedra, with barium atoms occupying sites in four different types of [0 0 1] channels with hexagonal, triangular, rectangular and pentagonal cross-sections. The refinements showed that the non-stoichiometry in the niobate phase is due to barium atom vacancies in the pentagonal channels and to extra niobium atoms occupying interstitial sites with tri-capped trigonal prismatic coordination. The origin of the non-stoichiometry is attributed to nimimisation of non-bonded Ba-Ba repulsions. The hexagonal structure is related to the structures of the low-temperature forms of BaNb2O6 and BaTa2O6, through a 30 degrees rotation of the hexagonal rings of octahedra centred at the origin. (c) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 CSIRO Minerals, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Grey, IE (reprint author), CSIRO Minerals, Box 312, Clayton, Vic 3169, Australia. EM ian.grey@csiro.au NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 12 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 180 IS 9 BP 2429 EP 2436 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2007.06.014 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 212JA UT WOS:000249591300003 ER PT J AU Vecherin, SN Ostashev, VE Ziemann, A Wilson, DK Arnold, K Barth, M AF Vecherin, Sergey N. Ostashev, Vladimir E. Ziemann, A. Wilson, D. Keith Arnold, K. Barth, M. TI Tomographic reconstruction of atmospheric turbulence with the use of time-dependent stochastic inversion SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC TOMOGRAPHY; SURFACE-LAYER; BOUNDARY-LAYER; TOPEX/POSEIDON; CIRCULATION AB Acoustic travel-time tomography allows one to reconstruct temperature and wind velocity fields in the atmosphere. In a recently published paper [S. Vecherin et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 119, 2579 (2006)], a time-dependent stochastic inversion (TDSI) was developed for the reconstruction of these fields from travel times of sound propagation between sources and receivers in a tomography array. TDSI accounts for the correlation of temperature and wind velocity fluctuations both in space and time and therefore yields more accurate reconstruction of these fields in comparison with algebraic techniques and regular stochastic inversion. To use TDSI, one needs to estimate spatial-temporal covariance functions of temperature and wind velocity fluctuations. In this paper, these spatial-temporal covariance functions are derived for locally frozen turbulence which is a more general concept than a widely used hypothesis of frozen turbulence. The developed theory is applied to reconstruction of temperature and wind velocity fields in the acoustic tomography experiment carried out by University of Leipzig, Germany. The reconstructed temperature and velocity fields are presented and errors in reconstruction of these fields are studied. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Leipzig, Inst Meteorol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. Univ Leipzig, D-04109 Leipzig, Germany. RP Vecherin, SN (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 23 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1416 EP 1425 DI 10.1121/1.2756798 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 208LV UT WOS:000249321700011 PM 17927403 ER PT J AU Fuks, I AF Fuks, Iosif TI High-frequency diffraction corrections to backscattering cross sections from a rough three-dimensional surface SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID LOCAL CURVATURE APPROXIMATION; KIRCHHOFF APPROXIMATION; ASYMPTOTIC SOLUTIONS; TILT INVARIANCE; SCATTERING AB Diffraction corrections to scalar wave fields at perfectly free and rigid rough surfaces were derived by two iterations of the corresponding integral equations. These diffraction corrections to the pressure or normal velocity (which, in the geometrical optics limit, are doubled at perfectly rigid and free surfaces, respectively) were obtained with an accuracy of similar to 1/k(2), where k is the wave number of incidence radiation. Based on these corrections to the surface fields, the backscattering cross sections at normal incidence from the statistically rough Gaussian surfaces were derived. It was found that for the gentle roughness, diffraction results in effective "smoothing" of roughness for rigid and free surfaces and increasing of the backscattering cross sections, but for a rigid surface with steep roughness, the "fictitious" surface can be more rough than the real one, and the diffraction corrections become negative. (c) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 LLC, Zel Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fuks, I (reprint author), LLC, Zel Technol, 325 Broadway R PSD-99, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM iosif.fuks@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 122 IS 3 BP 1463 EP 1471 DI 10.1121/1.2756794 PG 9 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 208LV UT WOS:000249321700015 PM 17927407 ER PT J AU Altman, GH Horan, RL Bramono, DS Simmons, Q Chen, JS Mortarino, E Boepple, HE Toponarski, I Collette, AL Prudom, JS AF Altman, Gregory H. Horan, Rebecca L. Bramono, Diah S. Simmons, Quincey Chen, Jingsong Mortarino, Enrico Boepple, Heather E. Toponarski, Ivan Collette, Adam L. Prudom, Jason S. TI Biological and biomechanical assessment of a long-term bioresorbable silk-derived surgical mesh in an abdominal body wall defect model SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF SURGEONS LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 93rd Annual Clinical Congress of the American-College-of-Surgeons CY OCT 07-11, 2007 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Coll Surg C1 Serica Technol Inc, NIST, Adv Technol Program, Medford, MA USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1072-7515 J9 J AM COLL SURGEONS JI J. Am. Coll. Surg. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 205 IS 3 SU S BP S53 EP S54 DI 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2007.06.127 PG 2 WC Surgery SC Surgery GA 209OG UT WOS:000249397300106 ER PT J AU Banta, RM Mahrt, L Vickers, D Sun, J Balsley, BB Pichugina, YL Williams, EL AF Banta, Robert M. Mahrt, Larry Vickers, Dean Sun, Jielun Balsley, Ben B. Pichugina, Yelena L. Williams, Eric. L. TI The very stable boundary layer on nights with weak low-level jets SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID INTERMITTENT TURBULENCE; DOPPLER LIDAR; SOUTHERN OXIDANTS; SELF-CORRELATION; SURFACE-LAYER; IN-SITU; CASES-99; OZONE; ATMOSPHERE; EXCHANGE AB The light-wind. clear-sky, very stable boundary layer (vSBL) is characterized by large values of bulk Richardson number. The light winds produce weak shear, turbulence, and mixing, and resulting strong temperature gradients near the surface. Here live nights with weak-wind, very stable boundary layers during the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study (CASES-99) are investigated. Although the winds were light and variable near the surface, Doppler lidar profiles of wind speed often indicated persistent profile shapes and magnitudes for periods of an hour or more, sometimes exhibiting jetlike maxima. The near-surface structure of the boundary layer (BL) on the five nights all showed characteristics typical of the vSBL. These characteristics included a shallow traditional BL only 10-30 m deep with weak intermittent turbulence within the strong surface-based radiation inversion. Above this shallow BL sat a layer of very weak turbulence and negligible turbulent mixing. The focus of this paper is on the effects of this quiescent layer just above the shallow BL, and the impacts of this quiescent layer on turbulent transport and numerical modeling. High-frequency time series of temperature T on a 60-m tower showed that 1) the amplitudes of the T fluctuations were dramatically suppressed at levels above 30 m in contrast to the relatively larger intermittent T fluctuations in the shallow BL below, and 2) the temperature at 40- to 60-m height was nearly constant for several hours, indicating that the very cold air near the surface was not being mixed upward to those levels. The presence of this quiescent layer indicates that the atmosphere above [the shallow BL was isolated and detached both from the surface and from the shallow BL. Although some of the nights studied had modestly stronger winds and traveling disturbances (density 9 currents, gravity waves, shear instabilities), these disturbances seemed to pass through the region without having much effect on either the SBL structure or on the atmosphere-surface decoupling. The decoupling suggests that under very stable conditions, the surface-layer lower boundary condition for numerical weather prediction models should act to decouple and isolate the surface from the atmosphere, for example, as a free-slip, thermally insulated layer. A multiday time series of ozone from an air quality campaign in Tennessee, which exhibited nocturnal behavior typical of polluted air, showed the disappearance of ozone on weak low-level jets (LLJ) nights. This behavior is consistent with the two-stratum structure of the vSBL, and with the nearly complete isolation of the surface and the shallow BL from the rest of the atmosphere above, in contrast to cases with stronger LLJs, where such coupling was stronger. C1 NOAA, CSD3, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Banta, RM (reprint author), NOAA, CSD3, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.banta@noaa.gov RI Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; pichugina, yelena/I-4141-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Sun, Jielun/H-6576-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Sun, Jielun/0000-0003-3271-7914; NR 65 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 22 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 64 IS 9 BP 3068 EP 3090 DI 10.1175/JAS4002.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 210KL UT WOS:000249455000005 ER PT J AU Tory, KJ Davidson, NE Montgomery, MT AF Tory, K. J. Davidson, N. E. Montgomery, M. T. TI Prediction and diagnosis of tropical cyclone formation in an NWP system. Part III: Diagnosis of developing and nondeveloping storms SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEMS; SEA INTERACTION THEORY; VERTICAL SHEAR; GENESIS; DEPRESSION; MONSOON AB This is the third of a three-part investigation into tropical cyclone (TC) genesis in the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's Tropical Cyclone Limited Area Prediction System (TC-LAPS), an operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecast model. In Parts I and II, a primary and two secondary vortex enhancement mechanisms were illustrated, and shown to be responsible for TC genesis in a simulation of TC Chris. In this paper, five more TC-LAPS simulations are investigated: three developing and two nondeveloping. In each developing simulation the pathway to genesis was essentially the same as that reported in Part II. Potential vorticity (PV) cores developed through low- to middle-tropospheric vortex enhancement in model-resolved updraft cores (primary mechanism) and interacted to form larger cores through diabatic upscale vortex cascade (secondary mechanism). On the system scale, vortex intensification resulted from the large-scale mass redistribution forced by the upward mass flux, driven by diabatic heating, in the updrart cores (secondary mechanism). The nondeveloping cases illustrated that genesis can be hampered by (i) vertical wind shear, which may tilt and tear apart the PV cores as they develop, and (ii) an insufficient large-scale cyclonic environment, which may fail to sufficiently confine the warming and enhanced cyclonic winds, associated with the atmospheric adjustment to the convective updrafts. The exact detail of the vortex interactions was found to be unimportant for qualitative genesis forecast success. Instead the critical ingredients were found to be sufficient net deep convection in a sufficiently cyclonic environment in which vertical shear was less than some destructive limit. The often-observed TC genesis pattern of convection convergence, where the active convective regions converge into a 100-km-diameter center. prior to an intense convective burst and development to tropical storm intensity is evident in the developing TC-LAPS simulations. The simulations presented in this study and numerous other simulations not vet reported on have shown good qualitative forecast success. Assuming such success continues in a more rigorous study (currently under way) it could be argued that TC genesis is largely predictable provided the large-scale environment (vorticity, vertical shear, and convective forcing) is sufficiently resolved and initialized. C1 Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Tory, KJ (reprint author), Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM k.tory@bom.pov.au NR 22 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 64 IS 9 BP 3195 EP 3213 DI 10.1175/JAS4023.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 210KL UT WOS:000249455000011 ER PT J AU Gebbie, G Eisenman, I Wittenberg, A Tziperman, E AF Gebbie, Geoffrey Eisenman, Ian Wittenberg, Andrew Tziperman, Eli TI Modulation of westerly wind bursts by sea surface temperature: A semistochastic feedback for ENSO SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; OCEAN CIRCULATION; SEASONAL CYCLE; EVENTS; CHAOS; OSCILLATION; PREDICTION AB Westerly wind bursts (WWBs) in the equatorial Pacific are known to play a significant role in the development of El Nino events. They have typically been treated as a purely stochastic external forcing of ENSO. Recent observations, however, show that WWB characteristics depend upon the large-scale SST field. The consequences of such a WWB modulation by SST are examined using an ocean general circulation model coupled to a statistical atmosphere model (i.e., a hybrid coupled model). An explicit WWB component is added to the model with guidance from a 23-yr observational record. The WWB parameterization scheme is constructed such that the likelihood of WWB occurrence increases as the western Pacific warm pool extends: a "semistochastic" formulation, which has both deterministic and stochastic elements. The location of the WWBs is parameterized to migrate with the edge of the warm pool. It is found that modulation of WWBs by SST strongly affects the characteristics of ENSO. In particular, coupled feedbacks between SST and WWBs may be sufficient to transfer the system from a damped regime to one with self-sustained oscillations. Modulated WWBs also play a role in the irregular timing of warm episodes and the asymmetry in the size of warm and cold events in this ENSO model. Parameterizing the modulation of WWBs by an increase of the linear air sea coupling coefficient seems to miss important dynamical processes, and a purely stochastic representation of WWBs elicits only a weak ocean response. Based upon this evidence, it is proposed that WWBs may need to be treated as an internal part of the coupled ENSO system, and that the detailed knowledge of wind burst dynamics may be necessary to explain the characteristics of ENSO. C1 Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Harvard Univ, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Gebbie, G (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM gebbie@fas.harvard.edu RI Eisenman, Ian/B-9329-2009; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 NR 39 TC 72 Z9 74 U1 3 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 64 IS 9 BP 3281 EP 3295 DI 10.1175/JAS4029.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 210KL UT WOS:000249455000016 ER PT J AU Gerber, EP Vallis, GK AF Gerber, Edwin P. Vallis, Geoffrey K. TI Eddy-zonal flow interactions and the persistence of the zonal index SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; ANNULAR MODES; CLIMATE NOISE; SHEARED FLOWS; VARIABILITY; FEEDBACK; ANOMALIES; PATTERNS; MAINTENANCE AB An idealized atmospheric general circulation model is used to investigate the factors controlling the time scale of intraseasonal (10-100 day) variability of the extratropical atmosphere. Persistence on these time scales is found in patterns of variability that characterize meridional vacillations of the extratropical jet. Depending on the degree of asymmetry in the model forcing, patterns take on similar properties to the zonal index, annular modes, and North Atlantic Oscillation. It is found that the time scale of jet meandering is distinct from the obvious internal model time scales, suggesting that interaction between synoptic eddies and the large-scale flow establish a separate, intraseasonal time scale. A mechanism is presented by which eddy heat and momentum transport couple to retard motion of the jet, slowing its meridional variation and thereby extending the persistence of zonal index and annular mode anomalies. The feedback is strong and quite sensitive to model parameters when the model forcing is zonally uniform. However, the time scale of jet variation drops and nearly all sensitivity to parameters is lost when zonal asymmetries, in the form of topography and thermal perturbations that approximate land-sea contrast, are introduced. A diagnostic on the zonal structure of the zonal index provides intuition on the physical nature of the index and annular modes and hints at why zonal asymmetries limit the eddy-mean flow interactions. C1 Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10027 USA. Princeton Univ, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Gerber, EP (reprint author), 435 W 119th St,Apt 9M, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM cpg2108@columbia.edu OI Gerber, Edwin/0000-0002-6010-6638 NR 30 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 64 IS 9 BP 3296 EP 3311 DI 10.1175/JAS4006.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 210KL UT WOS:000249455000017 ER PT J AU Magoun, AJ Ray, JC Johnson, DS Valkenburg, P Dawson, FN Bowman, J AF Magoun, Audrey J. Ray, Justina C. Johnson, Devin S. Valkenburg, Patrick Dawson, F. Neil Bowman, Jeff TI Modeling wolverine occurrence using aerial surveys of tracks in snow SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE distribution map; Gula gulo; hierarchical spatial modeling; occupancy; Ontario; track survey; wolverine ID SPECIES DISTRIBUTIONS; PROBABILITY; OCCUPANCY; ABSENCE AB We designed a novel approach to determining extent of distribution and area of occupancy for wolverines (Gulo gulo) by using aerial surveys of tracks in snow and hierarchical spatial modeling. In 2005 we used a small, fixed-wing aircraft with pilot and one observer to search 575 of 588 survey units for wolverine tracks in approximately 60,000 km(2) of boreal forest in northwestern Ontario, Canada. We used sinuous flight paths to scan open areas in the forest in the 100-km(2) survey units. We detected tracks in 138 (24%) of the 575 sampled units. There was strong evidence of occurrence (probability of occurrence >0.80) in 30% of the 588 survey units, weak evidence of occurrence (0.50-0.80) in 12%, weak evidence of absence (0.20-0.50) in 150% and strong evidence of absence (<0.20) in 43%. Wolverine range comprised 59% of the stuch, area and area of occupancy was 33,400 km(2). With information on probability of occurrence and core areas of occupation for wolverines in our study area, resource managers and others can examine factors that influence wolverine distribution patterns and use this information to formulate best management practices that will maintain wolverines on the landscape in the face of increasing resource development. Comparing future survey results with those of our 2005 survey will provide an objective way to assess the efficacy of management practices. C1 Wildlife Res & Management, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. Wildlife Conservat Soc Canada, Toronto, ON M5S 2T9, Canada. NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Thunder Bay, ON P7C 4T9, Canada. Trent Univ, Ontario Minist Nat Resources, Peterborough, ON K9J 7B8, Canada. RP Magoun, AJ (reprint author), Wildlife Res & Management, 3680 Non Rd, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. RI Bowman, Jeff/B-4147-2009 OI Bowman, Jeff/0000-0002-1892-4469 NR 20 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 4 U2 26 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2221 EP 2229 DI 10.2193/2006-372 PG 9 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100015 ER PT J AU Davis, ML Berkson, J Steffen, D Tilton, MK AF Davis, Michelle L. Berkson, Jim Steffen, David Tilton, Mary K. TI Evaluation of accuracy and precision of downing population reconstruction SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE black bear; cohort; Downing; harvest; Odocoileus virginianus; population reconstruction; simulation; Ursus americanus; white-tailed deer ID WHITE-TAILED DEER; BLACK BEARS; MORTALITY; SURVIVAL AB Downing population reconstruction uses harvest-by-age data and backward addition of cohorts to estimate minimum population size over time. Although this technique is currently being used for management of black bear (Ursus americanus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) populations, it had not undergone a rigorous evaluation of accuracy. We used computer simulations to evaluate the impacts of collapsing age classes and violating the assumptions of this technique on population reconstruction estimates and trends. Changes in harvest rate or survival over time affected accuracy of reconstructed population estimates and trends. The technique was quite robust to collapsing age classes as far as 3+ for bears and deer. This method would be suitable for estimating population growth rate (lambda) for populations experiencing no trend in harvest rate or natural mortality rate over time. Our evaluation showed Downing population reconstruction to be a potentially valuable tool for managing harvested species with high harvest rates and low natural mortality, with possible application to black bear and white-tailed deer populations. C1 Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, RTR Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Virginia Dept Game & Inland Fisheries, Roanoke, VA 24018 USA. RP Davis, ML (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM midavis1@vt.edu RI Berkson, Jim/A-7588-2009 NR 15 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 71 IS 7 BP 2297 EP 2303 DI 10.2193/2006-427 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 208WY UT WOS:000249351100024 ER PT J AU Pierson, JJ Frost, BW Leising, AW AF Pierson, James J. Frost, Bruce W. Leising, Andrew W. TI The lost generation of Calanus pacificus: Is the diatom effect responsible? SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; MARINE PLANKTONIC COPEPODS; EGG-PRODUCTION; DABOB BAY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; HATCHING SUCCESS; METRIDIA-LUCENS; WASHINGTON; ZOOPLANKTON; BLOOMS AB An apparent mismatch between periods of high reproduction ( spring) and high copepodite abundance ( autumn) has been observed for the copepod Calanus pacificus in Dabob Bay, Washington, U. S. A. This persistent pattern leads to a lost generation of progeny that are produced in spring but do not recruit to the juvenile and adult populations, and this is likely due to a combination of factors including advective losses, predation mortality, and nonviability of progeny. Here we test the hypothesis that observed detrimental effects of diatoms on the viability of copepod embryonic and naupliar stages ( the diatom effect) are the primary reason for the observed patterns of reproduction and abundance. Furthermore, we test how assumptions about egg production rate and naupliar viability can affect calculations of copepod recruitment. To test these hypotheses, we developed a numerical model to quantitatively explore how certain parameters may have affected the population of C. pacificus population in Dabob Bay. Predation mortality was the most significant contributor to population losses, while advective losses and naupliar viability were of lesser importance, and the model results were more sensitive to parameterization of naupliar viability than egg production rate. Although brief instances of low naupliar viability caused a 25-30% reduction in cumulative stage I copepodite abundance over time when compared with the assumption of persistent high naupliar viability, the lost generation of C. pacificus in Dabob Bay is likely due to predation mortality, not the diatom effect. C1 Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Pierson, JJ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RI Pierson, James/B-7278-2008 OI Pierson, James/0000-0002-5248-5850 NR 44 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 52 IS 5 BP 2089 EP 2098 DI 10.4319/lo.2007.52.5.2089 PG 10 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 209VN UT WOS:000249416200029 ER PT J AU Chesnick, IE Todorov, TI Centeno, JA Newbury, DE Small, JA Potter, K AF Chesnick, Ingrid E. Todorov, Todor I. Centeno, Jose A. Newbury, Dale E. Small, John A. Potter, Kimberlee TI Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance microscopy of mineralization SO MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING LA English DT Article DE manganese; magnetic resonance microscopy; ostcoblasts; mineralization; calvaria; electron probe microanalysis ID CONTAINING SYNTHETIC HYDROXYAPATITES; NEONATAL MURINE CALVARIA; IN-VIVO; CALCIUM DEFICIENCY; PROTON RELAXATION; CONTRAST AGENTS; BONE-FORMATION; CARTILAGE; MRI; EXPRESSION AB Paramagnetic manganese (II) can be employed as a calcium surrogate to sensitize magnetic resonance microscopy (MRM) to the processing of calcium during bone formation. At high doses, osteoblasts can take up sufficient quantities of manganese, resulting in marked changes in water proton T-1, T-2 and magnetization transfer ratio values compared to those for untreated cells. Accordingly, inductively Coupled plasma. mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) results confirm that the manganese content of treated cell pellets was 10-fold higher than that for untreated cell pellets. To establish that manganese is processed like calcium and deposited as bone, calvaria. from the skull of embryonic chicks were grown in culture medium supplemented with 1 mM MnCl2 and 3 mM CaCl2. A banding pattern of high and low T-2 values, consistent with mineral deposits with high and low levels of manganese, was observed radiating from the calvarial ridge. The results of ICP-MS studies confirm that manganese-treated calvaria take up increasing amounts of manganese with time in culture. Finally, elemental mapping studies with electron probe microanalysis confirmed local variations in the manganese content of bone newly deposited on the calvarial surface. This is the first reported use of manganese-enhanced MRM to study the process whereby calcium is taken up by osteoblasts cells and deposited as bone. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Biophys, Magnet Resonance Microscopy Facil, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. US Geol Survey, Crustal Imaging & Characterizat Team, Denver, CO 80225 USA. Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Environm & Infect Dis Sci, Washington, DC 20306 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Micranal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Potter, K (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol, Dept Biophys, Magnet Resonance Microscopy Facil, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM potterk@afip.osd.mil FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR51446] NR 47 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0730-725X J9 MAGN RESON IMAGING JI Magn. Reson. Imaging PD SEP PY 2007 VL 25 IS 7 BP 1095 EP 1104 DI 10.1016/j.mri.2006.11.002 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 204PJ UT WOS:000249056200010 PM 17707172 ER PT J AU Fire, SE Fauquier, D Flewelling, LJ Henry, M Naar, J Pierce, R Wells, RS AF Fire, Spencer E. Fauquier, Deborah Flewelling, Leanne J. Henry, Michael Naar, Jerome Pierce, Richard Wells, Randall S. TI Brevetoxin exposure in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) associated with Karenia brevis blooms in Sarasota Bay, Florida SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ELIMINATION; PBTX-3; RATS AB Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) face a variety of threats, including risk of exposure to brevetoxins produced by blooms of the harmful alga Karenia brevis. This study investigated brevetoxin exposure in a population of dolphins inhabiting Sarasota Bay, Florida, USA (27 degrees N, 82 degrees W), utilizing tissues from dolphins recovered between 1994 and 2003. Brevetoxin levels detected by ELISA in tissues, gastric samples and excreta from dolphin carcasses (n = 19) associated with K. brevis blooms were compared with with levels in carcasses (n = 16) associated with background K. brevis conditions. In the K. brevis-exposed set, 84% of dolphin carcasses recovered during K. brevis blooms had detectable brevetoxin levels, with values ranging between 7 and 2,896 ng PbTx-3 eq g(-1). Over 50% of dolphin carcasses recovered during non-bloom conditions also tested positive by ELISA for brevetoxins, with concentrations ranging from 6 to 44 ng PbTx-3 eq g(-1). Control samples from the east coast of Florida were negative by the ELISA. Results from this study establish baseline brevetoxin body burdens in a dolphin population frequently exposed to K. brevis blooms, and data indicate that dolphin carcasses not associated with large-scale mortality events can contain levels of brevetoxins comparable to carcasses stranding during such events. C1 Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. Florida Marine Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Fire, SE (reprint author), NOAA Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM spencer.fire@noaa.gov RI Fire, Spencer/P-6040-2014 OI Fire, Spencer/0000-0002-1657-790X NR 26 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 152 IS 4 BP 827 EP 834 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0733-x PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 202OJ UT WOS:000248912600007 ER PT J AU Scott, JHJ AF Scott, John Henry J. TI Accuracy issues in chemical and dimensional metrology in the SEM and TEM SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Standard Materials and Metrology for Nanotechnology CY MAY 15-26, 2006 CL Tokyo, JAPAN DE design of experiment; hyperspectral; Monte Carlo; multislice; multivariate statistical analysis AB The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) are very powerful tools for the nanoscale characterization of materials. To make the best use of these capabilities, it is necessary to understand the nature of the uncertainties in the measurement process and to allow for errors during the data capture and data analysis stages of the measurement. By using replicated measurements and statistical analyses, it is possible to address repeatability and reproducibility issues and to assign a precision to the measurements. In general it is much harder to address accuracy issues in the experiment because some of the errors are systematic and non-statistical in nature and in almost all cases the true value of the measurand is unknown. In this work computer simulations are used to understand systematic errors and accuracy concerns in dimensional and chemical metrology in both the SEM and TEM. Multislice high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) simulations are used to produce synthetic cross-section micrographs of SiO2 gate dielectrics on Si substrates. These synthetic images are processed in the same manner as experimental images to extract a film thickness value from the micrographs. The absolute error in the dielectric film thickness measurement is determined by comparing this ' measured' value with the known, true thickness intrinsic to the sample's structural model used for simulation. This process allows the accuracy of the measurement process to be assessed for a given set of microscope, sample, environmental, data capture and data processing parameters. Statistical design of experiment methods is used to screen the influence of variables including beam tilt, along-beam thickness, dielectric thickness, defocus, astigmatism and vibration on the accuracy. The most important main effects are beam tilt, defocus and vibration, and the most significant two-term interactions are (beam tilt -defocus) and (defocus -vibration). Three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations in Java and Jython are used to simulate the electron transport and x-ray generation of energy-dispersive x-ray (XEDS) experiments in the SEM. This code permits the simulation of synthetic hyperspectral XEDS datasets from complex, chemically heterogeneous nanostructures. Analysis of these datasets reveals the effects of self-absorption, thickness and beam broadening due to multiple scattering on the accuracy of chemical measurements in the SEM and TEM. A synthetic XEDS datacube from a four-phase Raney nickel sample is presented. While the effects mentioned above degrade both TEM-based and SEM- based measurements, their magnitude is larger and more easily visualized in the SEM because of lower beam energies and thicker samples. C1 NIST, Microanal Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scott, JHJ (reprint author), NIST, Microanal Res Grp, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 14 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 9 BP 2755 EP 2761 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/18/9/003 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 207UX UT WOS:000249277700004 ER PT J AU Theruvathu, JA Jaruga, P Dizdaroglu, M Brooks, PJ AF Theruvathu, Jacob A. Jaruga, Pawel Dizdaroglu, Miral Brooks, P. J. TI The oxidatively induced DNA lesions 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyadenosine are strongly resistant to acid-induced hydrolysis of the glycosidic bond SO MECHANISMS OF AGEING AND DEVELOPMENT LA English DT Article DE xeroderma pigmentosum; neurodegeneration; DNA repair; oxidative stress ID CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HUMAN-CELLS; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; GENE-EXPRESSION; REPAIR PATHWAY; ABASIC SITES; BASE DAMAGE; DHFR GENE; IN-VITRO; EXCISION AB The 8,5'-cyclopurine-2-deoxynucleosides (cPu) are unique oxidatively induced DNA lesions in that they are specifically repaired by NER. In the absence of NER, a possible mechanism for cPu removal is spontaneous glycosidic bond hydrolysis followed by enzymic processing. Such a mechanism could be significant if the glycosidic bond in cPu were substantially destabilized, as shown for other DNA lesions. Therefore, we investigated the stability of the glycosidic bond in a cPu, (5'S)-8,5-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (S-cdA) against acid hydrolysis. For comparison, we also studied 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyadenosine (8-OH-dA). We found that the glycosidic bond in S-cdA is approximate to 40-fold more resistant to glycosidic bond hydrolysis compared to dA. Interestingly, under the same conditions, the glycosidic bond in 8-OH-dA was even more stable than in S-cdA. These studies effectively rule out any mechanism for the removal of S-cdA or 8-OH-dA from DNA that requires spontaneous glycosidic bond hydrolysis, and further support the proposed role of cPu in the neurodegeneration observed in xeroderma pigmentosum patients who lack NER. Of broader significance, since NER does not function in non-transcribed DNA sequences of terminally differentiated cells, including neurons, cPu are expected to accumulate in such sequences even in individuals with normal NER, which could be important in the ageing process. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. C1 NIAAA, Mol Neurobiol Sect, Neurogenet Lab, Bethesda, MD 20952 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. Nicholas Copernicus Univ, Coll Med, Dept Clin Biochem, Bydgoszcz, Poland. NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brooks, PJ (reprint author), NIAAA, Mol Neurobiol Sect, Neurogenet Lab, 5625 Fishers Lane,Room 3S-32,MSC 9412, Bethesda, MD 20952 USA. EM pjbrooks@mail.nih.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 AA000083-14, Z99 AA999999] NR 40 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 0047-6374 J9 MECH AGEING DEV JI Mech. Ageing Dev. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 128 IS 9 BP 494 EP 502 DI 10.1016/j.mad.2007.06.006 PG 9 WC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology SC Cell Biology; Geriatrics & Gerontology GA 218LL UT WOS:000250016900003 PM 17692895 ER PT J AU Morrison, N Bearden, D Bundy, JG Collette, T Currie, F Davey, MP Haigh, NS Hancock, D Jones, OAH Rochfort, S Sansone, SA Stys, D Teng, Q Field, D Viant, MR AF Morrison, Norman Bearden, Dan Bundy, Jacob G. Collette, Tim Currie, Felicity Davey, Matthew P. Haigh, Nathan S. Hancock, David Jones, Oliver A. H. Rochfort, Simone Sansone, Susanna-Assunta Stys, Dalibor Teng, Quincy Field, Dawn Viant, Mark R. TI Standard reporting requirements for biological samples in metabolomics experiments: environmental context SO METABOLOMICS LA English DT Article DE metabolomics; standard; environmental; reporting requirements; minimum ID NMR-BASED METABOLOMICS; ONTOLOGY; URINE; MICE AB Metabolomic technologies are increasingly being applied to study biological questions in a range of different settings from clinical through to environmental. As with other high-throughput technologies, such as those used in transcriptomics and proteomics, metabolomics continues to generate large volumes of complex data that necessitates computational management. Making sense of this wealth of information also requires access to sufficiently detailed and well annotated meta-data. Here we provide standard reporting requirements for describing biological samples, taken from an environmental context and involved in metabolomic experiments. It is our intention that these reporting requirements should guide and support the standardised annotation, dissemination and interpretation of environmental metabolomics metadata. C1 Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. NERC, Environm Bioinformat Ctr, Oxford Ctr Ecol & Hydrol, Oxford OX1 3SR, England. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Fac Med, Div Surg Oncol Reprod Biol & Anaesthet, London SW7 2AZ, England. US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester Interdisciplinary Bioctr, Manchester M1 7DN, Lancs, England. Univ Manchester, Sch Chem, Manchester M1 7DN, Lancs, England. Univ Sheffield, Sheffield, S Yorkshire, England. Univ Cambridge, Dept Biochem, Cambridge CB2 1QW, England. Primary Ind Res Victoria, Dept Primary Ind, Werribee, Vic 3030, Australia. European Bioinformat Inst, Cambridge CB10 1SD, England. Univ S Bohemia, Inst Phys Biol, Nove Hrady 37333, Czech Republic. Acad Sci Czech Republic, Inst Syst Biol & Ecol, Nove Hrady 37333, Czech Republic. Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. RP Morrison, N (reprint author), Univ Manchester, Sch Comp Sci, Kilburn Bldg,Oxford Rd, Manchester M13 9PL, Lancs, England. EM norman.morrison@manchester.ac.uk RI Bundy, Jacob/C-2131-2008; Watson-Haigh, Nathan/B-9833-2008; Field, Dawn/C-1653-2010; Viant, Mark/B-6339-2009; Stys, Dalibor/G-5213-2015; Jones, Oliver/B-9778-2008; OI Bundy, Jacob/0000-0002-1164-8465; Watson-Haigh, Nathan/0000-0002-7935-6151; Rochfort, Simone/0000-0001-8442-6081; Viant, Mark/0000-0001-5898-4119; Jones, Oliver/0000-0002-4541-662X; Sansone, Susanna-Assunta/0000-0001-5306-5690 NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 31 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1573-3882 J9 METABOLOMICS JI Metabolomics PD SEP PY 2007 VL 3 IS 3 BP 203 EP 210 DI 10.1007/s11306-007-0067-1 PG 8 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 217JZ UT WOS:000249945500005 ER PT J AU Barbosa, N Keller, RR Read, DT Geiss, RH Vinci, RP AF Barbosa, N., III Keller, R. R. Read, D. T. Geiss, R. H. Vinci, R. P. TI Comparison of electrical and microtensile evaluations of mechanical properties of an aluminum film SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Minerals Metals Materials Soc ID FREESTANDING THIN-FILMS; CYCLIC DEFORMATION; TENSILE PROPERTIES; GOLD-FILMS; BEHAVIOR; SI AB We compare two types of tests for measurement of mechanical properties of thin films and small scale structures: a microtensile test and a thermomechanical fatigue test induced by alternating current at low frequency and high current density. The microtensile test was used as a reference for evaluating the feasibility of using the electrical test for measurement of mechanical properties. Tests were performed on structures cofabricated from thin film Al deposited on Si to ensure comparable mechanical properties. The films had a grain diameter of 220 nm and a thickness of 1.9 mu m. The electrical test resulted in an estimated ultimate tensile strength of 230 +/- 40 MPa. This value was based on extrapolation of high-cycle fatigue data to one reversal through a modified Basquin equation while accounting for varying mean stress. An ultimate tensile strength of 239 +/- 4 M Pa was determined from the microtensile test. Differences between these values are explained in terms of the effects of substrate constraint on the strength of the thin film. We conclude that electrical testing methods offer a feasible means for measuring mechanical properties of individual patterned structures. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Lehigh Univ, Dept Math Sci & Engn, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. RP Barbosa, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM barbosa@boulder.nist.gov RI Barbosa, Nicholas/D-8917-2012; Keller, Robert/I-9014-2012 NR 40 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 38A IS 13 BP 2160 EP 2167 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9112-y PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 213OM UT WOS:000249677000003 ER PT J AU Read, DT Keller, RR Barbosa, N Geiss, R AF Read, David T. Keller, Robert R. Barbosa, N. Geiss, R. TI Nanoindentation round robin on thin film copper on silicon SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Minerals Metals Materials Soc ID INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; SOFT FILMS; MODULUS AB Nanoindentation is used in a variety of fields to measure material hardness and elastic modulus. This test technique is especially attractive for thin films because of the difficulty of conducting tensile or other conventional mechanical characterization tests on thin film specimens, and because it requires only a small surface area for testing. However, the standardization process for this new measurement method is still in progress. To test the ability of current measurement procedures to provide comparable results, a round robin was conducted. Invitations to participate were sent to over 100 laboratories. Two specimens, a copper film on a silicon substrate and an uncoated substrate, were distributed to each of 33 laboratories. The choice of measurement procedure was left to the performing organizations. By the end of the reporting period, 27 sets of results were received. While the average reported uncertainty (1 standard deviation) among the individual participants was 4 pct of the average hardness, the interlaboratory standard deviation of the hardness values was 15 pct. Similarly, the average reported uncertainty of the modulus was 5 pct of the average value, but the interlaboratory standard deviation of the modulus was 19 pct. None of the measurement variables examined in this round robin, including instrument type, analysis procedure, time since instrument calibration, chip mounting procedure, and tip condition, and neither of the potential covariant effects, chip location in the wafer and test date, were found to have a statistically significant effect on the reported hardness or modulus. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Read, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM read@boulder.nist.gov RI Barbosa, Nicholas/D-8917-2012; Keller, Robert/I-9014-2012 NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 38A IS 13 BP 2242 EP 2248 DI 10.1007/s11661-007-9177-7 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 213OM UT WOS:000249677000011 ER PT J AU Keller, RR Geiss, RH Barbosa, N Slifka, AJ Read, DT AF Keller, R. R. Geiss, R. H. Barbosa, N., III Slifka, A. J. Read, D. T. TI Strain-induced grain growth during rapid thermal cycling of aluminum interconnects SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Minerals-Metals-and-Materials-Society CY 2006 CL San Antonio, TX SP Minerals Met & Mat Soc ID COPPER-FILMS; THIN-FILMS; FATIGUE; STRESS; RELAXATION; EVOLUTION; BEHAVIOR AB We demonstrate the rapid growth of grains in nonpassivated, sputtered Al-1 at. pct Si interconnects during 200 Hz thermal cycling induced by alternating current. Mean grain diameters were observed by use of automated electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) to increase by more than 70 pct after an accumulated cycling time of less than 6 minutes over a temperature range of 200 C, which corresponded to a total strain range of 4 x 10(-3). Plasticity in growing grains primarily took the form of topography formation at the free surface and grain rotation, while consumed grains tended to retain relatively high dislocation content. Grain growth was characterized by means of pairwise comparisons in EBSD pattern quality across moving boundaries. Out of 92 cases where a grain was observed to grow into its neighbor, 61 cases indicated that the growing grain had a higher average pattern quality factor than that of the consumed grain, at the 95 pct confidence level. The results are consistent with a strain-induced boundary migration mechanism, wherein stored plastic strain energy differences from grain to grain drive growth, some of which was observed after only 10 seconds of cycling. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Keller, RR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bob.keller@nist.gov RI Barbosa, Nicholas/D-8917-2012; Keller, Robert/I-9014-2012 NR 27 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 EI 1543-1940 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 38A IS 13 BP 2263 EP 2272 DI 10.1007/s11661-006-9017-1 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 213OM UT WOS:000249677000014 ER PT J AU Green, ML Chang, KS DeGendt, S Schram, T Hattrick-Simpers, J AF Green, M. L. Chang, K.-S. DeGendt, S. Schram, T. Hattrick-Simpers, J. TI Application of combinatorial methodologies for work function engineering of metal gate/high-kappa advanced gate stacks SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 20-23, 2007 CL Glyfada Athens, GREECE SP IBM, Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Univ Athens, Natl Tech, Univ Ioannina, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc DE metal gate electrodes; CMOS; advanced gate stack; combinatorial methodologies ID DIELECTRICS AB This paper uses combinatorial methodologies to investigate the effect of TaN-AlN metal gate electrode composition on the work function, for (TaN-AlN)/Hf-Si-O/SiO2/Si capacitors. We demonstrate the efficacy of the combinatorial technique by plotting work function for more than thirty Ta1-xAlxNy compositions, with x varying from 0.05 to 0.50. The work function is shown to continuously decrease, from about 4.9 to about 4.7 eV, over this range. Over the same range, oxide fixed charge is seen to go from about -2.5 x 10(12) cm(-3) to about zero. The work functions reported here are about 0.1 eV higher than in a previous study, but are still about 0.2 eV smaller than required for PMOS device applications. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Chem, Louvain, Belgium. IMEC, B-3001 Louvain, Belgium. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Green, ML (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM martin.green@nist.gov NR 8 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 84 IS 9-10 BP 2209 EP 2212 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2007.04.128 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 180PS UT WOS:000247378600086 ER PT J AU Xiong, HD Heh, D Gurfinkel, M Li, Q Shapira, Y Richter, C Bersuker, G Choi, R Suehle, JS AF Xiong, H. D. Heh, D. Gurfinkel, M. Li, Q. Shapira, Y. Richter, C. Bersuker, G. Choi, R. Suehle, J. S. TI Characterization of electrically active defects in high-k gate dielectrics by using low frequency noise and charge pumping measurements SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 15th Biennial Conference on Insulating Films on Semiconductors CY JUN 20-23, 2007 CL Glyfada Athens, GREECE SP IBM, Natl Ctr Sci Res Demokritos, Univ Athens, Natl Tech, Univ Ioannina, IEEE, Electron Devices Soc DE low frequency noise; charge pumping; border trap; depth profiling ID BORDER TRAPS; MOS DEVICES; 1/F NOISE; INTERFACE TRAPS; UNIFIED MODEL; TRANSISTORS; RELIABILITY; STACKS AB The electrically active defects in high-k/SiO2 dielectric stacks are examined using a combination of low frequency noise (LFN) and charge pumping (CP) methods. The volume trap profile in the stacks is obtained by modeling the drain current noise spectra and charge pumping currents, with each technique covering a different depth range. The LFN is dependent on both the high-k and interfacial (IL) SiO2 thicknesses while the CP current is mainly dependent on the IL thickness. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SEMATECH Inc, Austin, TX 78741 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Xiong, HD (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hao.xiong@nist.gov RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 NR 17 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 84 IS 9-10 BP 2230 EP 2234 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2007.04.094 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 180PS UT WOS:000247378600091 ER PT J AU Uhlhorn, EW Black, PG Franklin, JL Goodberlet, M Carswell, J Goldstein, AS AF Uhlhorn, Eric W. Black, Peter G. Franklin, James L. Goodberlet, Mark Carswell, James Goldstein, Alan S. TI Hurricane surface wind measurements from an operational stepped frequency microwave radiometer SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; GPS DROPWINDSONDE; PART I; OCEAN; SEA; MODELS; IMAGER AB For the first time, the NOAA/Aircraft Operations Center (AOC) flew stepped frequency microwave radiometers (SFMRs) on both WP-3D research aircraft for operational hurricane surface wind speed measurement in 2005. An unprecedented number of major hurricanes provided ample data to evaluate both instrument performance and surface wind speed retrieval quality up to 70 m s(-1) (Saffir-Simpson category 5). To this end, a new microwave emissivity-wind speed model function based on estimates of near-surface winds in hurricanes by global positioning system (GPS) dropwindsondes is proposed. For practical purposes, utilizing this function removes a previously documented high bias in moderate SFMR-measured wind speeds (10-50 m s(-1)), and additionally corrects an extreme wind speed (> 60 m s(-1)) underestimate. The AOC operational SFMRs yield retrievals that are precise to within similar to 2% at 30 m s(-1), which is a factor of 2 improvement over the NOAA Hurricane Research Division's SFMR, and comparable to the precision found here for GPS dropwindsonde near-surface wind speeds. A small (1.6 m s(-1)), but statistically significant, overall high bias was found for independent SFMR measurements utilizing emissivity data not used for model function development. Across the range of measured wind speeds (10-70 m s(-1)), SFMR 10-s averaged wind speeds are within 4 m s(-1) (rms) of the dropwindsonde near-surface estimate, or 5%-25% depending on speed. However, an analysis of eyewall peak wind speeds indicates an overall 2.6 m s(-1) GPS low bias relative to the peak SFMR estimate on the same flight leg, suggesting a real increase in the maximum wind speed estimate due to SFMR's high-density sampling. Through a series of statistical tests, the SFMR is shown to reduce the overall bias in the peak surface wind speed estimate by similar to 50% over the current flight-level wind reduction method and is comparable at extreme wind speeds. The updated model function is demonstrated to behave differently below and above the hurricane wind speed threshold (similar to 32 m s-1), which may have implications for air-sea momentum and kinetic energy exchange. The change in behavior is at least qualitatively consistent with recent laboratory and field results concerning the drag coefficient in high wind speed conditions, which show a fairly clear "leveling off" of the drag coefficient with increased wind speed above similar to 30 m s(-1). Finally, a composite analysis of historical data indicates that the earth-relative SFMR peak wind speed is typically located in the hurricane's right-front quadrant, which is consistent with previous observational and theoretical studies of surface wind structure. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Natl Hurricane Res Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. ProSensing Inc, Amherst, MA USA. Remote Sensing Solut Inc, Barnstable, MA USA. NOAA, OMAO, Aircraft Operat Ctr, Tampa, FL USA. RP Uhlhorn, EW (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM eric.uhlhorn@noaa.gov RI Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014 OI Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342 NR 34 TC 109 Z9 112 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 135 IS 9 BP 3070 EP 3085 DI 10.1175/MWR3454.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208WO UT WOS:000249350100004 ER PT J AU Lonfat, M Rogers, R Marchok, T Marks, FD AF Lonfat, Manuel Rogers, Robert Marchok, Timothy Marks, Frank D., Jr. TI A parametric model for predicting hurricane rainfall SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; OROGRAPHIC PRECIPITATION; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; VERTICAL SHEAR; UNITED-STATES; FLOYD 1999; INTENSITY; FORECASTS AB This study documents a new parametric hurricane rainfall prediction scheme, based on the rainfall climatology and persistence model (R-CLIPER) used operationally in the Atlantic Ocean basin to forecast rainfall accumulations. Although R-CLIPER has shown skill at estimating the mean amplitude of rainfall across the storm track, one underlying limitation is that it assumes that hurricanes produce rain fields that are azimuthally symmetric. The new implementations described here take into account the effect of shear and topography on the rainfall distribution through the use of parametric representations of these processes. Shear affects the hurricane rainfall by introducing spatial asymmetries, which can be reasonably well modeled to first order using a Fourier decomposition. The effect of topography is modeled by evaluating changes in elevation of flow parcels within the storm circulation between time steps and correcting the rainfall field in proportion to those changes. Effects modeled in R-CLIPER and those from shear and topography are combined in a new model called the Parametric Hurricane Rainfall Model (PHRaM). Comparisons of rainfall accumulations predicted from the operational R-CLIPER model, PHRaM, and radar-derived observations show some improvement in the spatial distribution and amplitude of rainfall when shear is accounted for and significant improvements when both shear and topography are modeled. C1 Risk Management Solut Ltd, London EC3R 8HB, England. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Geophy Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Lonfat, M (reprint author), Risk Management Solut Ltd, Peninsular House,30 Monument St, London EC3R 8HB, England. EM manuet.lonfat@rms.com RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; NR 28 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 135 IS 9 BP 3086 EP 3097 DI 10.1175/MWR3433.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208WO UT WOS:000249350100005 ER PT J AU Lazarus, SM Calvert, CG Splitt, ME Santos, P Sharp, DW Blottman, PF Spratt, SM AF Lazarus, Steven M. Calvert, Corey G. Splitt, Michael E. Santos, Pablo Sharp, David W. Blottman, Peter F. Spratt, Scott M. TI Real-time, high-resolution, space-time analysis of sea surface temperatures from multiple platforms SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID GULF-STREAM; DATA ASSIMILATION; SATELLITE DATA; PART I; FORECAST; ACCURACY; CLIMATE; MODEL; VALIDATION; PREDICTION AB A sea surface temperature (SST) analysis system designed to initialize short-term atmospheric model forecasts is evaluated for a month-long, relatively clear period in May 2004. System inputs include retrieved SSTs from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-East and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The GOES SSTs are processed via a sequence of quality control and bias correction steps and are then composited. The MODIS SSTs are bias corrected and checked against the background field (GOES composites) prior to assimilation. Buoy data, withheld from the analyses, are used to bias correct the MODIS and GOES SSTs and to evaluate both the composites and analyses. The bias correction improves the identification of residual cloud-contaminated MODIS SSTs. The largest analysis system improvements are obtained from the adjustments associated with the creation of the GOES composites (i.e., a reduction in buoy/GOES composite rmse on the order of 0.3 degrees-0.5 degrees C). A total of 120 analyses (80 night and 40 day) are repeated for different experimental configurations designed to test the impact of the GOES composites, MODIS cloud mask, spatially varying background error covariance and decorrelation length scales, data reduction, and anisotropy. For the May 2004 period, the nighttime MODIS cloud mask is too conservative, at times removing good SST data and degrading the analyses. Nocturnal error variance estimates are approximately half that of the daytime and are relatively spatially homogeneous, indicating that the nighttime composites are, in general, superior. A 30-day climatological SST gradient is used to create anisotropic weights and a spatially varying length scale. The former improve the analyses in regions with significant SST gradients and sufficient data while the latter reduces the analysis rmse in regions where the innovations tend to be well correlated with distinct and persistent SST gradients (e.g., Loop Current). Data thinning reduces the rmse by expediting analysis convergence while simultaneously enhancing the computational efficiency of the analysis system. Based on these findings, an operational analysis configuration is proposed. C1 Florida Inst Technol, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. Natl Weather Serv, Miami, FL USA. Natl Weather Serv, Melbourne, FL USA. RP Lazarus, SM (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, 150 W Univ Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. EM slazarus@fit.edu OI Splitt, Michael/0000-0002-7690-5100; Lazarus, Steven/0000-0002-5918-1059 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 135 IS 9 BP 3158 EP 3173 DI 10.1175/MWR3465.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208WO UT WOS:000249350100009 ER PT J AU Cucurull, L Derber, JC Treadon, R Purser, RJ AF Cucurull, L. Derber, J. C. Treadon, R. Purser, R. J. TI Assimilation of global positioning system radio occultation observations into NCEP's global data assimilation system SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; LOW-EARTH-ORBIT; ATMOSPHERE; IMPACT; INVERSION; SIGNALS AB The Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, and Climate (COSMIC) mission launched six small satellites in April 2006, each carrying a GPS radio occultation (RO) receiver. At final orbit, COSMIC will provide similar to 2500-3000 RO soundings per day uniformly distributed around the globe in near-real time. In preparation for the assimilation of COSMIC data in an operational framework, the NCEP/Environmental Modeling Center (EMC) has successfully developed the capability of assimilating profiles of refractivity and bending angle. Each forward operator has been implemented with its own quality control and error characterization. In this paper, the infrastructure developed at NCEP/EMC to assimilate GPS RO observations, including forward models, observational and representativeness errors, and quality control procedures, is described. The advantages of using a forward operator for bending angle versus refractivity are discussed and some preliminary results on the benefits of the GPS RO in weather analysis and forecasts are presented. The different strategies adopted at NCEP/EMC to assimilate GPS RO data are aimed to select the most appropriate forward operator in the operational data assimilation system when COSMIC products are stable and routinely available to the Numerical Weather Centers. In the meantime, data from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) satellite is available in non-real time and has been used in the assimilation tests to examine the potential benefits of the GPS RO-derived products. In the preliminary results presented in this study, the use of GPS RO observations slightly improves anomaly correlation scores for temperature (by similar to 0.01-0.03) in the Southern Hemisphere and Tropics throughout the depth of the atmosphere while a slight degradation is found in the upper troposphere and stratosphere in the Northern Hemisphere. However, significant reduction of the temperature and humidity biases is found for all latitudes. The benefits from assimilating GPS RO data also extend to other fields, such as 500-hPa geopotential heights and tropical winds, demonstrating the potential use of GPS RO data in operational forecasting. C1 NASA, NOAA, DOD Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Washington, DC 20546 USA. Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. RP Cucurull, L (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, EMC, W-NP2,5200 Auth Rd,Room 207, Suitland, MD 20746 USA. EM lidia.cucurull@noaa.gov RI Cucurull, Lidia/E-8900-2015 NR 26 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 135 IS 9 BP 3174 EP 3193 DI 10.1175/MWR3461.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208WO UT WOS:000249350100010 ER PT J AU Hamill, TM Whitaker, JS AF Hamill, Thomas M. Whitaker, Jeffrey S. TI Ensemble calibration of 500-hPa geopotential height and 850-hPa and 2-m temperatures using reforecasts SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; MOS METHODS; SKILL AB An examination of the benefits of ensemble forecast calibration was performed for three variables: 500-hPa geopotential height (Z500), 850-hPa temperature (T850), and 2-m temperature (T2M). A large reforecast dataset was used for the calibration. Two calibration methods were examined: a correction for a gross bias in the forecast and an analog method that implicitly adjusted for bias, spread, and applied a downscaling where appropriate. The characteristics of probabilistic forecasts from the raw ensemble were also considered. Forecasts were evaluated using rank histograms and the continuous ranked probability skill score. T2M rank histograms showed a high population of extreme ranks at all leads, and a correction for model bias alleviated this only slightly. The extreme ranks of Z500 rank histograms were slightly underpopulated at short leads, though slightly overpopulated at longer leads. T850 had characteristics in between those of T2M and Z500. Accordingly, Z500 was the most skillful variable without calibration and the variable least improved by calibration, and the bias correction achieved most of the improvement in skill. For T850, there was a more substantial additional increase in skill relative to the bias correction when the analog technique was applied. For T2M forecasts, probabilistic forecasts from the raw ensemble were the least skillful, the application of a bias correction substantially increased the skill, and the application of the analog technique produced the largest further increase in skill relative to the bias correction. Hence, reforecast datasets may be particularly helpful in the improvement of probabilistic forecasts of the variables that are most directly relevant to many forecast users (i.e., the sensible surface-weather variables). C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R-PSD 1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tom.hamill@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 28 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 135 IS 9 BP 3273 EP 3280 DI 10.1175/MWR3468.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208WO UT WOS:000249350100017 ER PT J AU Gayle, FW AF Gayle, Frank W. TI The collapse of the World Trade Center towers: A metallurgist's view SO MRS BULLETIN LA English DT Article AB This article is based on an edited transcript of a presentation given by Frank W. Gayle (National Institute of Standards and Technology) on April 12, 2007, in Symposium X at the Materials Research Society Spring Meeting in San Francisco. The NIST investigation of the World Trade Center disaster addressed many aspects of the catastrophe, from occupant egress to factors affecting the ability of the Twin Towers to remain standing after being hit by the airplanes, with the goal of gaining valuable information for future best practices in building materials, building design, and emergency response. The presentation addressed the structure of the towers, the analysis of the recovered steel, and special issues faced during the investigation. The probable collapse sequence for each of the towers was also discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gayle, FW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frank.gayle@nist.gov NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0883-7694 J9 MRS BULL JI MRS Bull. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 32 IS 9 BP 710 EP 716 DI 10.1557/mrs2007.146 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 214DN UT WOS:000249716300013 ER PT J AU Nosonovsky, M Bhushan, B AF Nosonovsky, Michael Bhushan, Bharat TI Biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces: Multiscale approach SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ROUGH SURFACES; WETTING TRANSITION; STATES; DROPS; MODEL AB Micro- and macrodroplet evaporation and condensation upon micropatterned superhydrophobic surfaces built of flattop pillars are investigated with the use of an environmental scanning electron microscope. It is shown that the contact angle hysteresis depends upon both kinetic effects at the triple line and adhesion hysteresis (inherently present even at a smooth surface) and that the magnitude of the two contributions is comparable. The transition between the composite (Cassie) and wetted (Wenzel) states is a linear effect with the microdroplet radius proportional to the pitch over pillar diameter. It is shown that wetting of a superhydrophobic surface is a multiscale phenomenon that involves three scale lengths. Although the contact angle is the macroscale parameter, the contact angle hysteresis and the Cassie-Wenzel transition cannot be determined from the macroscale equations and are governed by micro- and nanoscale effects. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Ohio State Univ, Nanotribol Lab Informat Storage, MEMS NEMS NLIM, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Bhushan, B (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bhushan.2@osu.edu RI Nosonovsky, Michael/B-2228-2012; Bhushan, Bharat/A-9684-2013 OI Bhushan, Bharat/0000-0001-7161-6601 NR 12 TC 214 Z9 219 U1 7 U2 110 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 7 IS 9 BP 2633 EP 2637 DI 10.1021/nl071023f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 211CM UT WOS:000249501900016 PM 17705434 ER PT J AU Berry, BC Bosse, AW Douglas, JF Jones, RL Karim, A AF Berry, Brian C. Bosse, August W. Douglas, Jack F. Jones, Ronald L. Karim, Alamgir TI Orientational order in block copolymer films zone annealed below the order-disorder transition temperature SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-FIELD ALIGNMENT; THIN-FILMS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; DIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION; MICRODOMAIN ORIENTATION; PHASE; MICROSTRUCTURE; LITHOGRAPHY; CONFINEMENT; MECHANISMS AB We report measurements of rapid ordering and preferential alignment in block copolymer films zone annealed below the order-disorder transition temperature. The orientational correlation lengths measured after approximately 5 h above the glass-transition temperature (approximate to 2 mu m) were an order of magnitude greater than that obtained under equivalent static annealing. The ability to rapidly process polymers with inaccessible order-disorder transition temperatures suggests zone annealing as a route toward more robust nanomanufacturing methods based on block copolymer self-assembly. C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jones, RL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ronaid.jones@nist.gov NR 42 TC 97 Z9 97 U1 3 U2 47 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 EI 1530-6992 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 7 IS 9 BP 2789 EP 2794 DI 10.1021/nl071354s PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 211CM UT WOS:000249501900045 PM 17691851 ER PT J AU Dunbar, PK AF Dunbar, Paula K. TI Increasing public awareness of natural hazards via the Internet SO NATURAL HAZARDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Natural Hazard and Risk CY 2004 CL Hyderabad, INDIA DE internet; online education; interactive map; online quiz; natural hazards risk assessment; earthquake; Volcano; landslide; Tsunami AB NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center is using state-of-the-art Internet tools for natural hazards education, public outreach, and access to natural hazards data. For example, NGDC acquires, processes, and provides access to geologic hazards event data that are useful in natural hazards risk assessment and hazards-related research. In addition, a collection of natural hazards slides and a teacher's guide on volcanoes are available online. NGDC also created an online "Kids Hazards Quiz'' to test the user's knowledge of disaster safety information. An online Natural Hazards Data Resources Directory provides access to information and links to organizations that provide natural hazards data and information. Expanded access to these data and information by the public and researchers can increase public awareness of natural hazards, improve hazards research, and ultimately reduce the devastating impacts of natural disasters. C1 NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Dunbar, PK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM Paula.Dunbar@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0921-030X J9 NAT HAZARDS JI Nat. Hazards PD SEP PY 2007 VL 42 IS 3 BP 529 EP 536 DI 10.1007/s11069-006-9072-3 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Water Resources GA 193VZ UT WOS:000248304600007 ER PT J AU Liddle, JA AF Liddle, J. Alexander TI Nanostructures - Available in print SO NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT News Item AB The ability to print pre-assembled optical and electronic structures with high resolution would greatly reduce the cost of a number of technologies. A printing method that uses a nanoparticle ink moves closer towards this goal. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Liddle, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liddle@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910 NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1748-3387 J9 NAT NANOTECHNOL JI Nat. Nanotechnol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 2 IS 9 BP 533 EP 534 DI 10.1038/nnano.2007.281 PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 214HE UT WOS:000249727200006 PM 18654359 ER PT J AU Pineda, J Hare, JA Sponaugle, S AF Pineda, Jesus Hare, Jonathan A. Sponaugle, Su TI Larval Transport and Dispersal in the Coastal Ocean and Consequences for Population Connectivity SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review ID CORAL-REEF FISH; COMPLEX LIFE-CYCLES; COD GADUS-MORHUA; BARNACLE SEMIBALANUS-BALANOIDES; MARINE INVERTEBRATE LARVAE; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA SHELF; STATES CONTINENTAL-SHELF; VERTICAL MIGRATION; PLANKTONIC LARVAE; THALASSOMA-BIFASCIATUM C1 [Pineda, Jesus] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Serv Ctr,Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Sponaugle, Su] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Pineda, J (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jpineda@whoi.edu OI Pineda, Jesus/0000-0002-5362-8614 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Science Foundation; Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution FX We thank the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Science Foundation, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for supporting our work, and John Manderson, David Mountain, Nathalie Reyns, Vicke Starczak, Fabian Tapia, Simon Thorrold, and an anonymous reviewer for constructive criticisms. NR 152 TC 214 Z9 220 U1 10 U2 74 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 SI SI BP 22 EP 39 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 382XH UT WOS:000261638200008 ER PT J AU Fogarty, MJ Botsford, LW AF Fogarty, Michael J. Botsford, Louis W. TI Population Connectivity and Spatial Management of Marine Fisheries SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PROTECTED AREAS; RESERVE DESIGN; LIFE-HISTORY; CLOSED AREAS; GEORGES BANK; REEF FISHES; SUSTAINABILITY; DISPERSAL; SPILLOVER; PATTERNS C1 [Fogarty, Michael J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Botsford, Louis W.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Wildlife Fish & Conservat Biol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Fogarty, MJ (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Michael.Fogarty@noaa.gov NR 61 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 37 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2007 VL 20 IS 3 BP 112 EP 123 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 382XH UT WOS:000261638200015 ER PT J AU Griesmann, U Wang, Q Soons, J AF Griesmann, Ulf Wang, Quandou Soons, Johannes TI Three-flat tests including mounting-induced deformations SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE interferometry; three-flat test; absolute flatness measurement; mounting-induced deformations; uncertainty ID LIGO PATHFINDER OPTICS; ABSOLUTE; FLATS; CALIBRATION; METROLOGY AB We investigate three-flat calibration methods based on rotational symmetry and mirror symmetry for absolute interferometric flatness measurements of circular flats in the presence of deformations caused by the support mechanism for the flats, which are a significant problem for large, heavy flats. We show that the mirror-symmetric component of the mounting-induced deformation can be determined by comparing flat test solutions based on mirror symmetry and on rotational symmetry, when the flats have identical deformations. We also describe a novel solution to the three-flat problem for three flats with identical mounting-induced deformations. In the new three-flat solution, the flat deformation is calculated along with the wavefront flatness errors for the three flats. Formulas for the uncertainty of three-flat test solutions are derived. (C) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Griesmann, U (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ulf.griesmann@nist.gov NR 22 TC 22 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 46 IS 9 AR 093601 DI 10.1117/1.2784531 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 225XD UT WOS:000250550600005 ER PT J AU Bartels, A Gebs, R Kirchner, MS Diddams, SA AF Bartels, A. Gebs, R. Kirchner, M. S. Diddams, S. A. TI Spectrally resolved optical frequency comb from a self-referenced 5 GHz femtosecond laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODE-LOCKED LASER; REPETITION RATE; SPECTROSCOPY; GENERATION; JITTER AB We report a mode-locked Ti:sapphire feratosecond laser with 5 GHz repetition rate. Spectral broadening of the 24 Is pulses in a microstructured fiber yields an octave-spanning spectrum and permits self-referencing and active stabilization of the emitted femtosecond laser frequency comb (FLFC). The individual modes of the 5 GHz FLFC are resolved with a high-resolution spectrometer based on a virtually imaged phased array spectral disperser. Isolation of single comb elements at a microwatt average power level is demonstrated. The combination of the high-power, frequency-stabilized 5 GHz laser and the straightforward resolution of its many modes will benefit applications in direct frequency comb spectroscopy. Additionally, such a stabilized FLFC should serve as a useful tool for direct mode-by-mode Fourier synthesis of optical waveforms. C1 Gigaopt GmbH, D-78462 Constance, Germany. Univ Konstanz, Ctr Appl Photon, D-7750 Constance, Germany. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bartels, A (reprint author), Gigaopt GmbH, Blarerstrasse 56, D-78462 Constance, Germany. EM bartels@gigaoptics.com RI Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; Kirchner, Matthew/F-9020-2010; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 18 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 8 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 17 BP 2553 EP 2555 DI 10.1364/OL.32.002553 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 216VV UT WOS:000249908000030 PM 17767302 ER PT J AU Wu, JC Wilson, CL AF Wu, Jin Chu Wilson, Charles L. TI Nonparametric analysis of fingerprint data on large data sets SO PATTERN RECOGNITION LA English DT Article DE fingerprint matching; nonparametric analysis; receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve; Mann-Whitney statistic; significance test ID OPERATING CHARACTERISTIC CURVES; AREAS AB By executing different fingerprint-image matching algorithms on large data sets, it reveals that the match and non-match similarity scores have no specific underlying distribution function. Thus, it requires a nonparametric analysis for fingerprint-image matching algorithms on large data sets without any assumption about such irregularly discrete distribution functions. A precise receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve based on the true accept rate (TAR) of the match similarity scores and the false accept rate (FAR) of the non-match similarity scores can be constructed. The area under such an ROC curve computed using the trapezoidal rule is equivalent to the Mann-Whitney statistic directly formed from the match and non-match similarity scores. Thereafter, the Z statistic formulated using the areas under ROC curves along with their variances and the correlation coefficient is applied to test the significance of the difference between two ROC curves. Four examples from the extensive testing of commercial fingerprint systems at the National Institute of Standards and Technology are provided. The Donparametric approach presented in this article can also be employed in the analysis of other large biometric data sets. (c) 2006 Pattern Recognition Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Image Grp, Informat Access Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Image Grp, Informat Access Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jinchu.wu@nist.gov NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0031-3203 J9 PATTERN RECOGN JI Pattern Recognit. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 40 IS 9 BP 2574 EP 2584 DI 10.1016/j.patcog.2006.11.021 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 174HG UT WOS:000246932200018 ER PT J AU Gaigalas, AK Cole, KD Bykadi, S Wang, L DeRose, P AF Gaigalas, A. K. Cole, K. D. Bykadi, S. Wang, Lill DeRose, Paul TI Photophysical properties of ricin SO PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRYPTOPHAN; FLUORESCENCE; PROTEINS; INDOLE; DEPENDENCE; MECHANISM; TYROSINE; MODELS; INDEX; STATE AB The molar absorption coefficient of ricin in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 279 nm was measured as (93 900 +/- 3300) L mol(-1) cm(-1). The concentration of ricin was determined using amino acid analysis. The absorption spectrum of ricin was interpreted in terms of 69% contribution from absorption by tryptophan residues and 31% contribution from absorption by tyrosine residues. The total dipole strength of the ricin band at 280 nm was determined to be (147 +/- 8) D-2 and was consistent with the combined dipole strengths of 10 tryptophan ([11.7 +/- 1.0] D-2) and 23 tyrosine ([1.4 +/- 0.2] D-2) residues. The structure of ricin was used to determine the coupling of the tryptophan residues in ricin. The maximum interaction energy was found to be 424 cm(-1)/epsilon while the average interaction between any two pairs of tryptophan residues was approximately 18 cm-1/epsilon. In this study, e is the dielectric constant inside the protein. The fluorescence from ricin, excited at 280 nm, was dominated by fluorescence from tryptophan residues suggesting the presence of energy transfer from tyrosine to tryptophan residues. The absorbance and fluorescence of ricin increased slightly when ricin was denatured in a high concentration of guanidine. Irreversible thermal unfolding of ricin occurred between 65 degrees C and 70 degrees C. (D = 3.3364*10(-30) Cm, not SI unit, convenient unit for the magnitude of the electric dipole moment of molecules.). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gaigalas, AK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov NR 26 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC PHOTOBIOLOGY PI AUGUSTA PA BIOTECH PARK, 1021 15TH ST, SUITE 9, AUGUSTA, GA 30901-3158 USA SN 0031-8655 J9 PHOTOCHEM PHOTOBIOL JI Photochem. Photobiol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2007 VL 83 IS 5 BP 1149 EP 1156 DI 10.1111/j.1751-1097.2007.00091.x PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 216MF UT WOS:000249881400019 PM 17880509 ER PT J AU Epstein, RJ Seidelin, S Leibfried, D Wesenberg, JH Bollinger, JJ Amini, JM Blakestad, RB Britton, J Home, JP Itano, WM Jost, JD Knill, E Langer, C Ozeri, R Shiga, N Wineland, DJ AF Epstein, R. J. Seidelin, S. Leibfried, D. Wesenberg, J. H. Bollinger, J. J. Amini, J. M. Blakestad, R. B. Britton, J. Home, J. P. Itano, W. M. Jost, J. D. Knill, E. Langer, C. Ozeri, R. Shiga, N. Wineland, D. J. TI Simplified motional heating rate measurements of trapped ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ZERO-POINT ENERGY; QUANTUM; STATES; ATOM AB We have measured motional heating rates of trapped atomic ions, a factor that can influence multi-ion quantum logic gate fidelities. Two simplified techniques were developed for this purpose: one relies on Raman sideband detection implemented with a single laser source, while the second is even simpler and is based on time-resolved fluorescence detection during Doppler recooling. We applied these methods to determine heating rates in a microfrabricated surface-electrode trap made of gold on fused quartz, which traps ions 40 mu m above its surface. Heating rates obtained from the two techniques were found to be in reasonable agreement. In addition, the trap gives rise to a heating rate of 300 +/- 30 s(-1) for a motional frequency of 5.25 MHz, substantially below the trend observed in other traps. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Epstein, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rje@nist.gov RI Jost, John/F-4701-2010; Wesenberg, Janus/B-6733-2009; OI Wesenberg, Janus/0000-0002-5572-0297; Britton, Joe/0000-0001-8103-7347; Home, Jonathan/0000-0002-4093-1550 NR 20 TC 69 Z9 69 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 033411 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.033411 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 215CN UT WOS:000249786000114 ER PT J AU Jiang, KJ Deng, L Payne, MG AF Jiang, K. J. Deng, L. Payne, M. G. TI Superluminal propagation of an optical pulse in a Doppler-broadened three-state single-channel active Raman gain medium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB Using a single-channel active Raman gain medium, we show a 220 +/- 20 ns advance time for an optical pulse of tau(FWHM)=15.4 mu s propagating through a 10 cm medium, a lead time that is comparable to what was reported previously using a two-mode pump field. In addition, we have verified experimentally all the features associated with this single-channel Raman gain system. C1 NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CAS, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Shanghai 200062, Peoples R China. RP Jiang, KJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012; Jiang, Kaijun/F-2712-2014 OI Jiang, Kaijun/0000-0003-3126-4335 NR 12 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 033819 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.033819 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 215CN UT WOS:000249786000160 ER PT J AU Leibfried, D Knill, E Ospelkaus, C Wineland, DJ AF Leibfried, D. Knill, E. Ospelkaus, C. Wineland, D. J. TI Transport quantum logic gates for trapped ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID COMPUTATION; TELEPORTATION; COHERENT; STATES; ATOM; MANIPULATION; ARCHITECTURE; DYNAMICS; MOTION; CHIPS AB Many efforts are currently underway to build a device capable of large scale quantum information processing (QIP). Whereas QIP has been demonstrated for a few qubits in several systems, many technical difficulties must be overcome in order to construct a large-scale device. In one proposal for large-scale QIP, trapped ions are manipulated by precisely controlled light pulses and moved through and stored in multizone trap arrays. The technical overhead necessary to precisely control both the ion geometrical configurations and the laser interactions is demanding. Here we propose methods that significantly reduce the overhead on laser-beam control for performing single- and multiple-qubit operations on trapped ions. We show how a universal set of operations can be implemented by controlled transport of ions through stationary laser beams. At the same time, each laser beam can be used to perform many operations in parallel, potentially reducing the total laser power necessary to carry out QIP tasks. The overall setup necessary for implementing transport gates is simpler than for gates executed on stationary ions. We also suggest a transport-based two-qubit gate scheme utilizing microfabricated permanent magnets that can be executed without laser light. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Leibfried, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Ospelkaus, Christian/C-3612-2009 OI Ospelkaus, Christian/0000-0002-4170-2936 NR 42 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2007 VL 76 IS 3 AR 032324 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.032324 PG 12 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 215CN UT WOS:000249786000066 ER PT J AU Carter, SG Chen, Z Cundiff, ST AF Carter, S. G. Chen, Z. Cundiff, S. T. TI Echo peak-shift spectroscopy of non-Markovian exciton dynamics in quantum wells SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHOTON-ECHO; RHODOBACTER-SPHAEROIDES; SOLVATION DYNAMICS; ENERGY-TRANSFER; GAAS; RELAXATION; KINETICS AB Three-pulse four-wave mixing is used to observe the loss of system memory for excitons confined in quantum wells. By measuring the photon echo peak shift with pulse delay, we obtain the two-time exciton frequency fluctuation correlation function. Spectral diffusion of localized excitons gives rise to exponential decay of the correlation function, while static inhomogeneity gives an offset. Nonmonotonic behavior during the first few picoseconds indicates complex memory effects due to the interaction of excitons with acoustic phonons. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Carter, SG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Carter, Sam/G-4589-2012 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; NR 24 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2007 VL 76 IS 12 AR 121303 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.121303 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 215CS UT WOS:000249786500004 ER PT J AU Skripov, AV Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ AF Skripov, A. V. Udovic, T. J. Rush, J. J. TI Hydrogen jump diffusion in C14-type ZrMn2H3: Quasielastic neutron scattering study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID COMPOUNDS ZRCR2HX; C15-TYPE YMN2HX; MOTION; HYDRIDES; MOBILITY; ATOMS; C-14 AB In order to study the mechanism and parameters of hydrogen diffusion in the hexagonal (C14-type) Laves-phase ZrMn2, we have performed quasielastic neutron scattering measurements for ZrMn2H3 over the temperature range 10-390 K. It is found that the diffusive motion of hydrogen in this system can be described in terms of at least two jump processes: a fast localized H motion with the jump rate tau(-1)(l) and a slower process with the rate tau(-1)(d) associated with H jumps leading to long-range diffusion. The temperature dependence of tau(-1)(d) in the range 225-390 K follows the Arrhenius law with the activation energy of 124 +/- 4 meV. In the same range, the temperature dependence of tau(-1)(l) deviates from the Arrhenius behavior and is considerably weaker than that of tau(-1)(d). The Q dependence of the elastic incoherent structure factor (studied up to Q(max)approximate to 3.8 A(-1)) suggests that the fast localized H motion in ZrMn2H3 corresponds to two-site jumps within pairs of closely spaced interstitial Zr2Mn2 sites. C1 Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Branch, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Skripov, AV (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Met Phys, Ural Branch, Ekaterinburg 620041, Russia. RI Skripov, Alexander/K-4525-2013 OI Skripov, Alexander/0000-0002-0610-5538 NR 29 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2007 VL 76 IS 10 AR 104305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.104305 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 215CQ UT WOS:000249786300044 ER PT J AU Trivelpiece, WZ Buckelew, S Reiss, C Trivelpiece, SG AF Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. Buckelew, Stacey Reiss, Christian Trivelpiece, Susan G. TI The winter distribution of chinstrap penguins from two breeding sites in the South Shetland Islands of Antarctica SO POLAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE chinstrap penguin; winter migration ID KING-GEORGE-ISLAND; PYGOSCELIS-ADELIAE; MIGRATION; ATTACHMENT; ECOLOGY AB Satellite telemetry was used to determine the winter movements of eight chinstrap penguins from two breeding colonies in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica during the 2000 and 2004 austral winters. Chinstrap penguins foraged largely inshore, on the shelf, north of the South Shetland Islands during 2000, but foraged mainly offshore in pelagic waters in 2004. Analyses of foraging trip durations during the chick-rearing periods that preceded the 2000 and 2004 winters suggest that prey were more abundant inshore during the summer of 2000 than in 2004. Oceanographic data further revealed the presence of a strong shelf-slope front in 2000 that was absent in 2004. In addition, two of the six chinstrap penguins from the colony in Admiralty Bay migrated from the South Shetland Islands region to the vicinity of the South Orkney and South Sandwich Islands, distances of 800 and 1,300 km, respectively. We postulate that the differences in winter migratory behavior among chinstrap penguins from this colony may reflect individual ties to different ancestral epicenters of chinstrap populations; one older and local in the South Shetland Islands and one relatively recent, arising from the emigration of chinstrap penguins that occurred during the expansion of this species in the mid-1900s. C1 SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Trivelpiece, WZ (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM wayne.trivelpiece@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4060 J9 POLAR BIOL JI Polar Biol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 30 IS 10 BP 1231 EP 1237 DI 10.1007/s00300-007-0283-1 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 201DX UT WOS:000248812800003 ER PT J AU Lewin, M Zhang, J Pearce, E Gilman, J AF Lewin, Menachem Zhang, Jin Pearce, Eli Gilman, Jeffrey TI Flammability of polyamide 6 using the sulfamate system and organo-layered silicatet SO POLYMERS FOR ADVANCED TECHNOLOGIES LA English DT Article DE polyamide 6; clay; flame retardancy; flammability; ammonium sulfamate; sulfation; UL-94; oxygen index ID FLAME RETARDANCY; NANOCOMPOSITES; COPOLYMER; MECHANISM AB A high degree of flame retardancy (FR) of polyamide 6 (PA6) is obtained by adding low weight per cent NH2SO3NH4 (ammonium sulfamate, AS) and dipentaerythritol (Di). This result is preserved when I wt% of organo-layered montmorillonite (OMMT) is dispersed in the AS + Di formulation. Increasing OMMT decreases these FR ratings. The surfaces of the gallery or exfoliated layers of OMMT adsorb and immobilize a part of AS + Di preventing its contribution to the FR reactions. The addition of the hydrophilic poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) partly restores the original FR ratings so a greater amount of AS + Di remains effective. The decrease in the high heat release rate (HRR) of the AS + Di containing PA6 by OMMT imparts to the PA6 lowered peak HRR (PHRR) and slower burning. Addition of pristine montmorillonite (MMT) up to 5 wt% does not decrease the UL-94 V-0 rating. The smaller surface area of the relatively large particles of the non-colloidal pristine MMT adsorbs less AS + Di than OMMT. A straight line relationship was found between oxygen index (00 values and ignition times in the cone calorimeter. The char resulting from combustion is composed mainly of MMT and some graphitic carbon. XRD found that the d(100) spacing for the clay in the final chars from burning was found to be 1.27nm, corresponding to a 20 peak of 7.0. No correlation between the size of the floccular structures on the char surface and the decrease in PHRR is found. Mechanistic considerations are presented. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Polytech Univ, Polymer Res Inst, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lewin, M (reprint author), Polytech Univ, Polymer Res Inst, Dept Chem & Biol Sci, 6 Metrotech Ctr, Brooklyn, NY 11201 USA. EM mlewin@duke.poly.edu NR 19 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 16 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1042-7147 J9 POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL JI Polym. Adv. Technol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 18 IS 9 BP 737 EP 745 DI 10.1002/pat.964 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 212NB UT WOS:000249602100009 ER PT J AU Vitzthum, F Siest, G Bunk, DM Preckel, T Wenz, C Hoerth, P Schulz-Knappe, P Tammen, H Adamkiewicz, J Merlini, G Anderson, NL AF Vitzthum, Frank Siest, Gerard Bunk, David M. Preckel, Tobias Wenz, Christian Hoerth, Patric Schulz-Knappe, Peter Tammen, Harald Adamkiewicz, Juergen Merlini, Giampaolo Anderson, N. Leigh TI Metrological sharp shooting for plasma proteins and peptides: The need for reference materials for accurate measurements in clinical proteomics and in vitro diagnostics to generate reliable results SO PROTEOMICS CLINICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE in vitro diagnostics; reference material; reference method; standardization ID DILUTION-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE MATERIALS; REFERENCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS; CANDIDATE DEFINITIVE METHOD; APOLIPOPROTEIN-A-I; CARDIAC TROPONIN-I; HUMAN-SERUM; LABORATORY MEDICINE; MYOCARDIAL-INFARCTION; PERFORMANCE-CHARACTERISTICS AB Reliable study results are necessary for the assessment of discoveries, including those from proteomics. Reliable study results are also crucial to increase the likelihood of making a successful choice of biomarker candidates for verification and subsequent validation studies, a current bottleneck for the transition to in vitro diagnostic (IVD). In this respect, a major need for improvement in proteomics appears to be accuracy of measurements, including both trueness and precision of measurement. Standardization and total quality management systems (TQMS) help to provide accurate measurements and reliable results. Reference materials are an essential part of standardization and TQMS in IVD and are crucial to provide metrological correct measurements and for the overall quality assurance process. in this article we give an overview on how reference materials are defined, prepared and what role they play in standardization and TQMS to support the generation of reliable results. We discuss how proteomics can support the establishment of reference materials and biomarker tests for IVD applications, how current reference materials used in IVD may be beneficially applied in proteomics, and we provide considerations on the establishment of reference materials specific for proteomics. For clarity, we solely focus on reference materials related to serum and plasma. C1 Technol Assessment & External Cooperat, Dade Behring GmbH, D-35001 Marburg, Germany. Univ Nancy, Fac Pharm, INSERM, U525 Equipe 4, Nancy, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Marketing GmbH & Co KG, Agilent Technol R&D, Waldbronn, Germany. Proteome Sci R&D GmbH & Co KG, Frankfurt, Germany. Digilab BioVision GmbH, Hannover, Germany. Univ Marburg, Inst Mol Biol & Canc Res, Marburg, Germany. Univ Pavia, Dept Biochem, Fdn IRCCS Policlin San Matteo, Biotechnol Res Labs, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. Plasma Proteome Inst, Washington, DC USA. RP Vitzthum, F (reprint author), Technol Assessment & External Cooperat, Dade Behring GmbH, D-35001 Marburg, Germany. EM frank_vitzthum@dadebehring.com RI Merlini, Giampaolo/A-3817-2008; OI Merlini, Giampaolo/0000-0001-7680-3254; SIEST, Gerard/0000-0002-3001-760X NR 93 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 5 U2 6 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA POSTFACH 101161, 69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-8346 EI 1862-8354 J9 PROTEOM CLIN APPL JI Proteom. Clin. Appl. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 1 IS 9 BP 1016 EP 1035 DI 10.1002/prca.200700223 PG 20 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 212ZL UT WOS:000249635500009 PM 21136754 ER PT J AU Katz, SL Barnas, K Hicks, R Cowen, J Jenkinson, R AF Katz, Stephen L. Barnas, Katie Hicks, Ryan Cowen, Jeff Jenkinson, Robin TI Freshwater habitat restoration actions in the Pacific Northwest: A decade's investment in habitat improvement SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bioinformatics; data management systems; effectiveness monitoring; fisheries management; habitat conservation; implementation monitoring; river restoration database ID SALMON AB Across the Pacific Northwest (PNW), both public and private agents are working to improve riverine habitat for a variety of reasons, including improving conditions for threatened and endangered salmon. These projects are moving forward with little or no knowledge of specific linkages between restoration actions and the responses of target species. Targeted effectiveness monitoring of these actions is required to redress this lack of mechanistic understanding, but such monitoring depends on detailed restoration information-that is, implementation monitoring. This article describes the process of assembling a database of restoration projects intended to improve stream and river habitat throughout the PNW. We designed the database specifically to address the needs of regional monitoring programs that evaluate the effectiveness of restoration actions. The database currently contains spatially referenced, project-level data on over 23,000 restoration actions initiated ai over 35,000 locations in the last 15 years (98% of projects report start or end dates between 1991 and 2005) in the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, and Montana. Data sources included federal, state, local, nongovernmental organization, and tribal contributors. The process of database production identified difficulties in the design of regional project tracking systems. The technical design issues range from low-level information such as what defines a project or a location to high-level issues that include data validation and legalities of interagency data sharing. The completed database will inform efficient monitoring design, effectiveness assessments, and restoration project planning. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Sci Data Management, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Univ Idaho, Coll Nat Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Katz, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM steve.katz@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 4 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 494 EP 505 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00245.x PG 12 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 198IA UT WOS:000248619000016 ER PT J AU Rumps, JM Katz, SL Barnas, K Morehead, MD Jenkinson, R Clayton, SR Goodwin, P AF Rumps, Jeanne M. Katz, Stephen L. Barnas, Katie Morehead, Mark D. Jenkinson, Robin Clayton, Stephen R. Goodwin, Peter TI Stream restoration in the Pacific Northwest: Analysis of interviews with project managers SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE effectiveness monitoring; implementation monitoring; Pacific Northwest; restoration ID RIVER RESTORATION; CONSERVATION; CALIFORNIA; SALMON AB Hundreds of millions of dollars per year are spent on river restoration in the Pacific Northwest (PNW), but little is known about the effectiveness of this effort. To help address this gap, we analyzed a database containing 23,000 projects at 35,000 locations in the region. We selected a subset of these projects for interviews using a survey instrument developed by a national team of scientists. In total, 47 project contacts in the PNW were interviewed to learn from the individuals directly involved in restoration. At least one-third of the projects surveyed (34%) did not conduct sufficient monitoring to evaluate effectiveness. More than two-thirds (70%) of all respondents reported their projects were successful, but 43% either have no success criteria or are unaware of any criteria for their project. Although almost two-thirds (66%) of respondents anticipate a need for ongoing project maintenance, less than half (43%) have maintenance funds available. These findings suggest that establishing a connection between effectiveness monitoring and project implementation is not a usual component of project design. Consequently, we can only assess the benefits in a few isolated projects and cannot quantify the cumulative benefits of restoration on a larger scale. These findings highlight the need for (1) planning prior to implementation of restoration projects that accounts for monitoring design; (2) coordinated effectiveness monitoring to assess cumulative effects of restoration; and (3) management and maintenance of projects based on real measures of project performance. C1 Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Boise, ID 83702 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Rumps, JM (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Ctr Ecohydraul Res, 322 E Front St,Suite 340, Boise, ID 83702 USA. EM jrumps@idfg.idaho.gov NR 34 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 12 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 15 IS 3 BP 506 EP 515 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00246.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 198IA UT WOS:000248619000017 ER PT J AU Langlois, ED Shaw, GA Kramar, JA Pratt, JR Hurley, DC AF Langlois, E. D. Shaw, G. A. Kramar, J. A. Pratt, J. R. Hurley, D. C. TI Spring constant calibration of atomic force microscopy cantilevers with a piezosensor transfer standard SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PROBES; RANGE AB We describe a method to calibrate the spring constants of cantilevers for atomic force microscopy (AFM). The method makes use of a "piezosensor" composed of a piezoresistive cantilever and accompanying electronics. The piezosensor was calibrated before use with an absolute force standard, the NIST electrostatic force balance (EFB). In this way, the piezosensor acts as a force transfer standard traceable to the International System of Units. Seven single-crystal silicon cantilevers with rectangular geometries and nominal spring constants from 0.2 to 40 N/m were measured with the piezosensor method. The values obtained for the spring constant were compared to measurements by four other techniques: the thermal noise method, the Sader method, force loading by a calibrated nanoindentation load cell, and direct calibration by force loading with the EFB. Results from different methods for the same cantilever were generally in agreement, but differed by up to 300% from nominal values. When used properly, the piezosensor approach provides spring-constant values that are accurate to +/- 10% or better. Methods such as this will improve the ability to extract quantitative information from AFM methods. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Langlois, ED (reprint author), Analog Devices Inc, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM hurley@boulder.nist.gov NR 26 TC 37 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 78 IS 9 AR 093705 DI 10.1063/1.2785413 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 215DF UT WOS:000249787800014 PM 17902953 ER PT J AU Elvidge, CD Tuttle, BT Sutton, PS Baugh, KE Howard, AT Milesi, C Bhaduri, BL Nemani, R AF Elvidge, Christopher D. Tuttle, Benjamin T. Sutton, Paul S. Baugh, Kimberly E. Howard, Ara T. Milesi, Cristina Bhaduri, Budhendra L. Nemani, Ramakrishna TI Global distribution and density of constructed impervious surfaces SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE impervious surfaces; constructed area; urbanization; nighttime lights; population grid; ISA ID UNITED-STATES; COVER; IMAGERY; LIGHTS; SYSTEM; AREA AB We present the first global inventory of the spatial distribution and density of constructed impervious surface area (ISA). Examples of ISA include roads, parking lots, buildings, driveways, sidewalks and other manmade surfaces. While high spatial resolution is required to observe these features, the new product reports the estimated density of ISA on a one-km(2) grid based on two coarse resolution indicators of ISA-the brightness of satellite observed nighttime lights and population count. The model was calibrated using 30-meter resolution ISA of the USA from the U. S. Geological Survey. Nominally the product is for the years 2000-01 since both the nighttime lights and reference data are from those two years. We found that 1.05% of the United States land area is impervious surface ( 83,337 km(2)) and 0.43% of the world's land surface ( 579,703 km(2)) is constructed impervious surface. China has more ISA than any other country ( 87,182 km2), but has only 67 m(2) of ISA per person, compared to 297 m(2) per person in the USA. The distribution of ISA in the world's primary drainage basins indicates that watersheds damaged by ISA are primarily concentrated in the USA, Europe, Japan, China and India. The authors believe the next step for improving the product is to include reference ISA data from many more areas around the world. C1 NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Denver, Dept Geog, Denver, CO USA. Fdn Calif State Univ, Monterey, CA USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, US Dept Energy, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Elvidge, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Earth Observat Grp, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chris.elvidge@noaa.gov; ben.tuttle@noaa.gov; psutton@du.edu; kim.baugh@noaa.gov; ara.t.howard@noaa.gov; cristina.milesi@gmail.com; bhaduribl@ornl.gov; rnemani@arc.nasa.gov RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009; Sutton, Paul/A-6764-2013 OI Sutton, Paul/0000-0001-6972-3256 NR 28 TC 146 Z9 162 U1 4 U2 53 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD SEP PY 2007 VL 7 IS 9 BP 1962 EP 1979 DI 10.3390/s7091962 PG 18 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 214GH UT WOS:000249723500020 ER PT J AU Fischer, CF Zatsarinny, O AF Fischer, Charlotte Froese Zatsarinny, Oleg TI 4p(2) resonances in photoionization from 4s4p levels in neutral zinc SO THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY ACCOUNTS LA English DT Article DE atoms; correlation; energy levels; photoionization cross sections; transition probabilities ID ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; WIDTHS; CONFIGURATION; LIFETIMES AB In neutral zinc the 4p(2) configuration lies above the 3d(10)4s ionization limit and its levels become perturbers in the continuum. Lines have been identified in the Zn I spectrum for the 4s4p P-3 degrees - 4p(2 3)P multiplet, whereas no lines have been found for transitions to 4p(2) D-1 or S-1. In this paper, cross sections for photoionization from 4s4p levels are reported that reveal the positions and widths of the 4p(2) resonances. Calculations were performed using the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock (MCHF) and B-spline R-matrix (BSR) method. Results from Breit-Pauli calculations that ignore the background continua are also presented. Included in the latter are energies for the 4s(2) S-1(0), 4s4p P-1(1)degrees, 3P(1,2,3)degrees, 4s4d D-1(2), 4p(2) P-3(1,2,3), D-1(2) and S-1(0) levels and transition data ( transition energies, line strengths, f-values, and A-rates) for all E1 transitions between these levels. Transition energies and the agreement in the length and velocity values, particularly for allowed transitions, indicate the accuracy of the computational model. Line widths are compared with other estimates. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Drake Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Des Moines, IA 50311 USA. RP Fischer, CF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Charlotte.Fischer@Nist.Gov NR 22 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1432-881X J9 THEOR CHEM ACC JI Theor. Chem. Acc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 118 IS 3 BP 623 EP 630 DI 10.1007/s00214-007-0348-9 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 207SR UT WOS:000249271900022 ER PT J AU Hoenig, JM Gedamke, T AF Hoenig, John M. Gedamke, Todd TI A simple method for estimating survival rate from catch rates from multiple years SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article AB Survival rates can be estimated from annual surveys by tracking the abundance of one or more cohorts, as measured by catch per unit of sampling effort, from one year to the next. However, it can be difficult to attain reasonable precision unless sampling effort is extensive. Indeed, estimates of survival exceeding 100% are not infrequently obtained. We show that data from several years can be analyzed simultaneously to obtain a single estimate of survival under the assumption that survival is constant over the period analyzed. The method requires that only a single cohort be identified and separated from the other age-groups. Thus there are minimal data requirements. Estimates of the survival of goosefish Lophius americanus obtained by this method compare favorably with estimates obtained by analyzing changes in mean length over time. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Gedamke, T (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM todd.gedamke@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1245 EP 1251 DI 10.1577/T06-191.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VE UT WOS:000250184600008 ER PT J AU Hook, TO Rutherford, ES Mason, DM Carter, GS AF Hook, Tomas O. Rutherford, Edward S. Mason, Doran M. Carter, Glenn S. TI Hatch dates, growth, survival, and overwinter mortality of age-0 alewives in Lake Michigan: Implications for habitat-specific recruitment success SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS WILSON; SEASONAL DEPTH DISTRIBUTION; LARVAL FISH; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; INTRINSIC GROWTH; MARINE NURSERIES; MENIDIA-MENIDIA; ENERGY DYNAMICS; TRADE-OFFS; ONTARIO AB Alewives Alosa pseudoharengus are key components of Laurentian Great Lakes ecosystems and spawn in multiple habitat types. Exploration of alewife early life history dynamics within these different habitats should help identify important recruitment processes. During 2001-2003, we quantified physical (temperature, transparency) and biotic (chlorophyll a, zooplankton densities) habitat factors and collected age-0 alewives (using ichthyoplankton nets and trawls) in a nearshore region of Lake Michigan and Muskegon Lake, Michigan (a drowned river mouth lake connected to Lake Michigan). We characterized alewife hatch dates, individual condition, growth, mortality, and size-dependent overwinter survival to infer differences in habitat-specific recruitment success. Temperature, turbidity, chlorophyll-a concentrations, and densities of zooplankton prey were consistently higher in Muskegon Lake than in nearshore Lake Michigan. On average, young alewives in Muskegon Lake hatched earlier, grew faster, were in better condition (based on a biphasic length-weight relationship), and had greater survival than alewives in Lake Michigan. By the end of the growing season, young alewives in Muskegon Lake obtained a larger size than those residing in nearshore Lake Michigan, suggesting that they were more likely to survive through winter (a period of intense size-selective mortality) and ultimately recruit to the adult population. C1 Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Fisheries Res Inst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Hook, TO (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM thook@umich.edu RI Carter, Glenn/P-4744-2016; OI Carter, Glenn/0000-0001-6630-7513; Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243; Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667 NR 57 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1298 EP 1312 DI 10.1577/T06-194.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 220VE UT WOS:000250184600013 ER PT J AU Banovic, SW Siewert, TA AF Banovic, S. W. Siewert, T. A. TI Failure of welded floor truss connections from the exterior wall during collapse of the World Trade Center towers SO WELDING JOURNAL LA English DT Article AB As part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology World Trade Center Investigation, failure modes of the connections attaching the composite floor system to the exterior wall of WTC 1 and WTC 2 were surveyed. Metallographic analyses of intact and failed welds of the main load-bearing truss seats complemented the survey to identify the location of metallurgical failure for these connections. Above the aircraft impact floors (94th to 99th in WTC I and 77th to 85th in WTC 2), the failure modes were randomly distributed. However, over 90% of floor truss connections at or below the impact floors of both buildings were either bent downward or completely sheared from the exterior wall suggesting progressive overloading of the floors below the impact zone following collapse initiation of the towers. Depending upon joint geometry, detachment of the main truss seats occurred either by fracture in the heat-affected zone of the base material, where the standoff plate detached from the spandrel, or through the weld metal, where the seat angle detached from the standoff plate. Failure in both cases was the result of a shear mechanism due to an overload condition. Exposure to fires prior to the collapse was not found to have an effect on the failure mode of the floor truss connections. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Div Mat Reliabil, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Banovic, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Technol Adm, US Dept Commerce, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER WELDING SOC PI MIAMI PA 550 N W LEJEUNE RD, MIAMI, FL 33126 USA SN 0043-2296 J9 WELD J JI Weld. J. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 86 IS 9 BP 263S EP 272S PG 10 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 207KG UT WOS:000249249400010 ER PT J AU Rozas, LP Minello, TJ AF Rozas, Lawrence P. Minello, Thomas J. TI Restoring coastal habitat using marsh terracing: The effect of cell size on nekton use SO WETLANDS LA English DT Article DE decapods; fishes; habitat; northern Gulf of Mexico; nursery areas; restoration; tidal marsh C1 Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Rozas, LP (reprint author), Fisheries Serv, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Estuarine Habitats & Coastal Fisheries Ctr, 646 Cajundome Blvd,Room 175, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. EM lawrence.rozas@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 9 PU SOC WETLAND SCIENTISTS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E TENTH ST, P O BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0277-5212 J9 WETLANDS JI Wetlands PD SEP PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 595 EP 609 DI 10.1672/0277-5212(2007)27[595:RCHUMT]2.0.CO;2 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 213VG UT WOS:000249694600015 ER PT J AU Mills, KL AF Mills, Kevin L. TI A brief survey of self-organization in wireless sensor networks SO WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS & MOBILE COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE distributed systems; self-organization; sensor networks; wireless networks ID BEHAVIOR; COMPLEXITY; MODEL AB Many natural and man-made systems exhibit self-organization, where interactions among components lead to system-wide patterns of behavior. This paper first introduces current, scientific understanding of self-organizing systems and then identifies the main models investigated by computer scientists seeking to apply self-organization to design large, distributed systems. Subsequently, the paper surveys research that uses models of self-organization in wireless sensor networks to provide a variety of functions: sharing processing and communication capacity; forming and maintaining structures; conserving power; synchronizing time; configuring software components; adapting behavior associated with routing, with disseminating and querying for information, and with allocating tasks;, and providing resilience by repairing faults and resisting attacks. The paper closes with a summary of open issues that must be addressed before self-organization can be applied routinely during design and deployment of senor networks and other distributed, computer systems. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mills, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8920,Bldg 222-B218, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kmills@nist.gov NR 78 TC 34 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1530-8669 EI 1530-8677 J9 WIREL COMMUN MOB COM JI Wirel. Commun. Mob. Comput. PD SEP PY 2007 VL 7 IS 7 BP 823 EP 834 DI 10.1002/wcm.499 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 208AZ UT WOS:000249293500002 ER PT J AU Hammes, K Schmidt, MWI Smernik, RJ Currie, LA Ball, WP Nguyen, TH Louchouarn, P Houel, S Gustafsson, O Elmquist, M Cornelissen, G Skjemstad, JO Masiello, CA Song, J Peng, P Mitra, S Dunn, JC Hatcher, PG Hockaday, WC Smith, DM Hartkopf-Froeder, C Boehmer, A Luer, B Huebert, BJ Amelung, W Brodowski, S Huang, L Zhang, W Gschwend, PM Flores-Cervantes, DX Largeau, C Rouzaud, JN Rumpel, C Guggenberger, G Kaiser, K Rodionov, A Gonzalez-Vila, FJ Gonzalez-Perez, JA de la Rosa, JM Manning, DAC Lopez-Capel, E Ding, L AF Hammes, Karen Schmidt, Michael W. I. Smernik, Ronald J. Currie, Lloyd A. Ball, William P. Nguyen, Thanh H. Louchouarn, Patrick Houel, Stephane Gustafsson, Oerjan Elmquist, Marie Cornelissen, Gerard Skjemstad, Jan O. Masiello, Caroline A. Song, Jianzhong Peng, Ping'an Mitra, Siddhartha Dunn, Joshua C. Hatcher, Patrick G. Hockaday, William C. Smith, Dwight M. Hartkopf-Froeder, Christoph Boehmer, Axel Lueer, Burkhard Huebert, Barry J. Amelung, Wulf Brodowski, Sonja Huang, Lin Zhang, Wendy Gschwend, Philip M. Flores-Cervantes, D. Xanat largeau, ClauDe Rouzaud, Jean-Noeel Rumpel, Cornelia Guggenberger, Georg Kaiser, Klaus Rodionov, Andrei Gonzalez-Vila, Francisco J. Gonzalez-Perez, Jose A. de la Rosa, Jose M. Manning, David A. C. Lopez-Capel, Elisa Ding, Luyi TI Comparison of quantification methods to measure fire-derived (black/elemental) carbon in soils and sediments using reference materials from soil, water, sediment and the atmosphere SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC-MATTER; BLACK CARBON; ELEMENTAL CARBON; ISOTOPE COMPOSITION; CHEMICAL OXIDATION; THERMAL-ANALYSIS; FOREST SOIL; DIESEL SOOT; KEROGEN AB Black carbon ( BC), the product of incomplete combustion of fossil fuels and biomass ( called elemental carbon (EC) in atmospheric sciences), was quantified in 12 different materials by 17 laboratories from different disciplines, using seven different methods. The materials were divided into three classes: ( 1) potentially interfering materials, ( 2) laboratory-produced BC-rich materials, and ( 3) BC-containing environmental matrices ( from soil, water, sediment, and atmosphere). This is the first comprehensive intercomparison of this type (multimethod, multilab, and multisample), focusing mainly on methods used for soil and sediment BC studies. Results for the potentially interfering materials ( which by definition contained no fire-derived organic carbon) highlighted situations where individual methods may overestimate BC concentrations. Results for the BC-rich materials ( one soot and two chars) showed that some of the methods identified most of the carbon in all three materials as BC, whereas other methods identified only soot carbon as BC. The different methods also gave widely different BC contents for the environmental matrices. However, these variations could be understood in the light of the findings for the other two groups of materials, i.e., that some methods incorrectly identify non-BC carbon as BC, and that the detection efficiency of each technique varies across the BC continuum. We found that atmospheric BC quantification methods are not ideal for soil and sediment studies as in their methodology these incorporate the definition of BC as light-absorbing material irrespective of its origin, leading to biases when applied to terrestrial and sedimentary materials. This study shows that any attempt to merge data generated via different methods must consider the different, operationally defined analytical windows of the BC continuum detected by each technique, as well as the limitations and potential biases of each technique. A major goal of this ring trial was to provide a basis on which to choose between the different BC quantification methods in soil and sediment studies. In this paper we summarize the advantages and disadvantages of each method. In future studies, we strongly recommend the evaluation of all methods analyzing for BC in soils and sediments against the set of BC reference materials analyzed here. C1 Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Bonn, Div Soil Sci, Inst Crop Sci & Resource Conservat, D-53115 Bonn, Germany. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Geog & Environm Engn, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Geol Dienst NRW, D-47803 Krefeld, Germany. Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, ITM, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. IRNAS, CSIC, Dept Biogeoquim & Dinam Contaminantes, E-41080 Seville, Spain. Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Anal & Air Qual Div, Ottawa, ON K1A 0H3, Canada. SUNY Binghamton, Dept Geol Sci & Environm Studies, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. MIT, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ralph M Parsons Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Univ Halle Wittenberg, Inst Soil Sci & Plant Nutr, D-06099 Halle, Germany. Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland. Ohio State Univ, Environm Mol Sci Inst, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Air Qual Res Div, Atmospher Sci & Technol Directorate, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Ecole Natl Super Chim Paris, BIOEMCO, CNRS, Lab Chim Bioorgan & Organ Phys,UMR 7618, F-75231 Paris, France. Univ Newcastle Upon Tyne, Sch Civil Engn & Geosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. Texas A&M Univ, Dept Oceanog & Marine Sci, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. William March Rice Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Houston, TX 77001 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Newmark Lab 3230, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Guangzhou Inst Geochem, State Key Lab Organ Geochem, Guangzhou 510640, Peoples R China. Site Ctr INRA Versailles Grignon, Lab Biogeochim & Ecol Milieux Continentaux, F-78850 Thiverval Grignon, France. CSIRO Land & Water, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia. Univ Adelaide, Sch Earth Environm Sci, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia. Univ Denver, Dept Chem & Biochem, Denver, CO 80210 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hammes, K (reprint author), Univ Zurich, Dept Geog, Zurich, Switzerland. RI Masiello, Caroline/A-2653-2011; Ball, William/A-3285-2010; Gonzalez-Perez, Jose A./E-5666-2010; Manning, David/I-3771-2012; Guggenberger, Georg/C-8423-2013; Amelung, Wulf/H-2136-2013; Smernik, Ron/H-9905-2013; De la Rosa, Jose/G-8918-2013; Kaiser, Klaus/J-1726-2014; Rumpel, Cornelia/A-2001-2015; Schmidt, Michael/G-5186-2012 OI Smernik, Ronald/0000-0001-6033-5855; Hartkopf-Froder, Christoph/0000-0002-1835-577X; Hockaday, William/0000-0002-0501-0393; Masiello, Caroline/0000-0003-2102-6229; Ball, William/0000-0001-5217-8108; Gonzalez-Perez, Jose A./0000-0001-7607-1444; Amelung, Wulf/0000-0002-4920-4667; Kaiser, Klaus/0000-0001-7376-443X; Schmidt, Michael/0000-0002-7227-0646 NR 73 TC 247 Z9 263 U1 14 U2 146 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 31 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 AR GB3016 DI 10.1029/2006GB002914 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208QU UT WOS:000249335100001 ER PT J AU Darby, LS McKeen, SA Senff, CJ White, AB Banta, RM Post, MJ Brewer, WA Marchbanks, R Alvarez, RJ Peckham, SE Mao, H Talbot, R AF Darby, Lisa S. McKeen, Stuart A. Senff, Christoph J. White, Allen B. Banta, Robert M. Post, Madison J. Brewer, W. Alan Marchbanks, Richard Alvarez, Raul J., II Peckham, Steven E. Mao, Huiting Talbot, Robert TI Ozone differences between near-coastal and offshore sites in New England: Role of meteorology SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; POLLUTANT TRANSPORT; AIR-QUALITY; SEA-BREEZE; O-3; NORTHEAST; HOUSTON; SCALES; ONLINE; LIDAR AB Time series from two ozone monitoring stations are evaluated, one on an island several km off the New England coast, the other several km inland in New Hampshire. In the summer of 2002, during the New England Air Quality Study 2002 (NEAQS- 2002), ozone measurements at the island station, Appledore Island (ADI), were consistently higher than at the inland station, Thompson Farm (TF). We hypothesized that the differences in ozone concentrations were due to transport differences driven by mesoscale meteorology, since neither site was in a source region. We found that the Appalachian Trough, coastal cold fronts and coastal stationary fronts at times caused TF to have westerly component flow while ADI had southerly component flow. In these situations, the southwesterly flow along the New England coast brought ozone and precursors to ADI from metropolitan areas to the southwest ( e. g., Boston). Conversely, the air transported to TF from the west was contaminated by fewer upstream sources, and therefore the ozone was lower at TF. The sea breeze was also a factor, which tended to have the contrasting effect of nearly equalizing the ozone concentrations at the two sites by transporting ozone-rich air already impacting ADI inland to TF. Enhanced measurements from the NEAQS- 2002 study were used in the analysis, including radar wind profilers, Doppler and ozone profiling lidars, and radiosondes launched from a ship. We also assessed model performance for two models, WRF/Chem and MM5/Chem, for four key days. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, CSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Darby, LS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lisa.darby@noaa.gov RI Darby, Lisa/A-8037-2009; White, Allen/A-7946-2009; McKeen, Stuart/H-9516-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; Marchbanks, Richard/I-4410-2013; Alvarez, Raul/I-4879-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Darby, Lisa/0000-0003-1271-0643; NR 35 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 31 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D16 AR D16S91 DI 10.1029/2007JD008446 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208QX UT WOS:000249335400003 ER PT J AU Michalsky, JJ Gueymard, C Kiedron, P McArthur, LJB Philipona, R Stoffel, T AF Michalsky, J. J. Gueymard, C. Kiedron, P. McArthur, L. J. B. Philipona, R. Stoffel, T. TI A proposed working standard for the measurement of diffuse horizontal shortwave irradiance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SHADOWBAND SPECTRORADIOMETER RSS AB Atmospheric radiative transfer model estimates of diffuse horizontal broadband shortwave ( solar) irradiance have historically been larger than measurements from a shaded pyranometer. A reference standard for the diffuse horizontal shortwave irradiance does not exist. There are no current efforts to develop an absolute standard that are known to the authors. This paper presents the case for a working standard for this measurement. Four well-behaved pyranometers from two previous intensive observation periods (IOP) were chosen for this study. The instruments were characterized for spectral and angular response before the IOP and calibrated during the IOP using a shade/unshade technique with reference direct irradiance from an absolute cavity radiometer. The results of the comparison and detailed analyses to explain the differences suggest selecting three of the four for the working standard. The 95% confidence uncertainty in this standard is estimated at 2.2% of reading + 0.2 W/m(2). In lieu of a comparison to this trio, a procedure for obtaining low-uncertainty diffuse horizontal shortwave irradiance is suggested. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Solar Consulting Serv, Colebrook, NH 03576 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Downsview, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, World Radiat Ctr, CH-7260 Davos, Switzerland. Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Michalsky, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joseph.michalsky@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 31 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D16 AR D16112 DI 10.1029/2007JD008651 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208QX UT WOS:000249335400004 ER PT J AU Ohtani, S Korth, H Brandt, PC Blomberg, LG Singer, HJ Henderson, MG Lucek, EA Frey, HU Zong, Q Weygand, JM Zheng, Y Lui, ATY AF Ohtani, S. Korth, H. Brandt, P. C. Blomberg, L. G. Singer, H. J. Henderson, M. G. Lucek, E. A. Frey, H. U. Zong, Q. Weygand, J. M. Zheng, Y. Lui, A. T. Y. TI Cluster observations in the inner magnetosphere during the 18 April 2002 sawtooth event: Dipolarization and injection at r=4.6 R-E SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STORM-SUBSTORM RELATIONSHIP; RING CURRENT; TAIL CURRENT; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; AMPTE CCE; MAGNETOTAIL; MISSION; SHEET AB The present study examines a sawtooth injection event that took place around 0800 UT on 18 April 2002 when the Cluster spacecraft were located in the inner magnetosphere in the premidnight sector. In association with this injection, Cluster, at a radial distance of 4.6 RE, observed that the local magnetic field became more dipolar and that both ion and electron fluxes increased without notable energy dispersion. These features were accompanied by intensifications of the equatorward component of a double- oval structure and also by an enhancement of the ring- current oxygen ENA flux. The event was also accompanied by large magnetic field ( a few tens of nT) and electric field ( a few tens of mV/ m) fluctuations with characteristic timescales of a few tens of seconds. These observations strongly suggest that this sawtooth injection extended not only widely in local time but also deeply into the inner magnetosphere. Interestingly, Cluster repeatedly observed dipolarization- like signatures afterward, which, however, were not associated with enhancements of local energetic ion flux or with geosynchronous dipolarization or injection signatures. Instead, these magnetic signatures were accompanied by oscillatory plasma motion in the radial direction with a characteristic timescale of about 10 min, which appears to be related to the westward propagation of a spatially periodic auroral structure. The associated azimuthal electric field component was well correlated with the time derivative of the north- south magnetic field component, suggesting that the observed electric field is inductive. These findings suggest that electromagnetic processes far inside geosynchronous orbit play an important role in energization of energetic ions and auroral dynamics during magnetospheric storms. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. Royal Inst Technol, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2BW, England. NOAA, Space Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Massachusetts Lowell, Ctr Atmospher Res, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. RP Ohtani, S (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, 11100 Johns Hopkins Rd, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. RI Zheng, Yihua/D-7368-2012; Ohtani, Shinichi/E-3914-2016; Henderson, Michael/A-3948-2011; Brandt, Pontus/N-1218-2016; OI Ohtani, Shinichi/0000-0002-9565-6840; Henderson, Michael/0000-0003-4975-9029; Brandt, Pontus/0000-0002-4644-0306; Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282 NR 34 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 31 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A8 AR A08213 DI 10.1029/2007ja012357 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 208SI UT WOS:000249339100002 ER PT J AU Zhao, YL Laufer, AH Halpern, JB Fahr, A AF Zhao, Yi-Lei Laufer, Allan H. Halpern, Joshua B. Fahr, Askar TI Hydrogen migration and vinylidene pathway for formation of methane in the 193 nm photodissociation of propene: CH3CH = CH2 and CD3CD = CD2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SET MODEL CHEMISTRY; VACUUM-ULTRAVIOLET; RADICAL REACTIONS; QUANTUM YIELDS; PROPYLENE; PHOTOLYSIS; ABSORPTION; ETHYLENE; DYNAMICS; SPECTRA AB Photodissociation channels and the final product yields from the 193 nm photolysis of propene-h(6) (CH2CHCH3) and propene-d(6) (CD2CDCD3) have been investigated, employing gas chromatography, mass spectroscopy, and flame ionization (GC/MS/FID) detection methods. The yields of methane as well as butadiene relative to ethane show considerable variations when propene-h(6) or propene-d(6) are photolyzed. This suggests significant variances in the relative importance of primary photolytic processes and/or secondary radical reactions, occurring subsequent to the photolysis. Theoretical calculations suggest the potential occurrence of an intramolecular dissociation through a mechanism involving vinylidene formation, accompanied by an ethylenic H-migration through the pi-orbitals. This process affects the final yields of methane-h(4) versus methane-d(4) with respect to other products. The product yields from previous studies of the 193 nm photolysis of methyl vinyl ketone-h(6) and -d(6) (CH2CHCOCH3, CD2CDCOCD3), alternative precursors for generating methyl and vinyl radicals, are compared with the current results for propene. C1 Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fahr, A (reprint author), Howard Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20059 USA. EM afahr@msrce.howard.edu NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 30 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 34 BP 8330 EP 8335 DI 10.1021/jp072475j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 202UP UT WOS:000248929600008 PM 17685497 ER PT J AU Ichino, T Gianola, AJ Kato, S Bierbaum, VM Lineberger, WC AF Ichino, Takatoshi Gianola, Adam J. Kato, Shuji Bierbaum, Veronica M. Lineberger, W. Carl TI Structure of the vinyldiazomethyl anion and energetic comparison to the cyclic isomers SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-ORBITAL CALCULATIONS; GAS-PHASE; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; CONFORMATIONAL ISOMERIZATION; ION CHEMISTRY; NITROUS-OXIDE; AB-INITIO; STATES; THERMOCHEMISTRY; TRYPTAMINE AB The 351.1 nm photoelectron spectrum of the vinyldiazomethyl anion has been measured. The ion is generated through the reaction of the allyl anion with N2O in helium buffer gas in a flowing afterglow source. The spectrum exhibits the vibronic structure of the vinyldiazomethyl radical in its electronic ground state as well as in the first excited state. Electronic structure calculations have been performed for these molecules at the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. A Franck-Condon simulation of the (2)A'' state portion of the spectrum has been carried out using the geometries and normal modes of the anion and radical obtained from these calculations. The simulation unambiguously shows that the ions predominantly have an E conformation. The electron affinity (EA) of the radical has been determined to be 1.864 +/- 0.007 eV. Vibrational frequencies of 185 +/- 10 and 415 +/- 20 cm(-1) observed in the spectrum have been identified as in-plane CCN bending and CCC bending modes, respectively, for the (2)A'' state. The spectrum for the (2)A' state is broad and structureless, reflecting large geometry differences between the anion and the radical, particularly in the CCN angle, as well as vibronic coupling with the (2)A'' state. The DFT calculations have also been used to better understand the mechanism of the allyl anion reaction with N2O. Collision-induced dissociation of the structural isomer of the vinyldiazomethyl anion, the 1-pyrazolide ion, has been examined, and energetics of the structural isomers is discussed. C1 Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lineberger, WC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM wcl@jila.colorado.edu NR 69 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 30 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 34 BP 8374 EP 8383 DI 10.1021/jp073887v PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 202UP UT WOS:000248929600014 PM 17676828 ER PT J AU Hu, M Chen, JY Marquez, M Xia, YN Hartland, GV AF Hu, Min Chen, Jingyi Marquez, Manuel Xia, Younan Hartland, Gregory V. TI Correlated rayleigh scattering spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy studies of Au-Ag bimetallic nanoboxes and nanocages SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID PLASMON RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY; SILVER NANOPARTICLES; METALLIC NANOPARTICLES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GOLD; SHAPE; NANORODS; ABSORPTION; BIOSENSORS; PARTICLES AB The optical properties of hollow nanoparticles (Au-Ag nanoboxes and nanocages) were investigated by recording Rayleigh scattering spectra of single particles, whose morphology and composition had been analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This was achieved by depositing the particles on optically transparent substrates with registration marks, which are compatible with SEM imaging. Fitting the experimental spectra to a Lorentzian function yields the frequencies and homogeneous line widths of the plasmon resonance for the particles. The resonances are extremely broad, with dephasing times of 2-5 fs. Analysis of the line width data using the dimensions determined by SEM shows that the broadening is due to a combination of electron-surface scattering and radiation damping. The sensitivity of the plasmon resonance to the dielectric constant of the environment was also investigated by adding a drop of water to the substrate. The nanoboxes show similar dielectric sensitivities compared to other metal nanoparticle systems. A significant increase in the line width was also observed for the nanoboxes in water compared with air. This was attributed to increased radiation damping in the environment with a higher dielectric constant. Both the red shift and the increase in line width are reversible. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Philip Morris Inc, Res Ctr, Interdisciplinary Network Emerging Sci & Technol, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Arizona State Univ, Harrison Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. Univ Notre Dame, Dept Chem & Biochem, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Xia, YN (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM xia@chem.washington.edu; ghartlan@nd.edu RI Xia, Younan/E-8499-2011; Chen, Jingyi/E-7168-2010 OI Chen, Jingyi/0000-0003-0012-9640 FU NIH HHS [DP1 OD000798-01, DP1 OD000798-02, DP1 OD000798-03, DP1 OD000798] NR 37 TC 49 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 30 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 34 BP 12558 EP 12565 DI 10.1021/jp073691v PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 202UK UT WOS:000248929100012 PM 18629346 ER PT J AU Li, ZQ Xia, XG Cribb, M Mi, W Holben, B Wang, PC Chen, HB Tsay, SC Eck, TF Zhao, FS Dutton, EG Dickerson, RR AF Li, Zhanqing Xia, Xiangao Cribb, Maureen Mi, Wen Holben, Brent Wang, Pucai Chen, Hongbin Tsay, Si-Chee Eck, T. F. Zhao, Fengsheng Dutton, E. G. Dickerson, R. R. TI Aerosol optical properties and their radiative effects in northern China SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; CLOUD ABSORPTION; CLIMATE RESPONSE; SURFACE; ATMOSPHERE; AERONET; TOP; SYSTEM; OCEANS; MODEL AB [1] As a fast developing country covering a large territory, China is experiencing rapid environmental changes. High concentrations of aerosols with diverse properties are emitted in the region, providing a unique opportunity for understanding the impact of environmental changes on climate. Until very recently, few observational studies were conducted in the source regions. The East Asian Study of Tropospheric Aerosols: An International Regional Experiment (EAST-AIRE) attempts to characterize the physical, optical and chemical properties of the aerosols and their effects on climate over China. This study presents some preliminary results using continuous high- quality measurements of aerosol, cloud and radiative quantities made at the first EAST-AIRE baseline station at Xianghe, about 70 km east of Beijing over a period of one year (September 2004 to September 2005). It was found that the region is often covered by a thick layer of haze (with a yearly mean aerosol optical depth equal to 0.82 at 500 nm and maximum greater than 4) due primarily to anthropogenic emissions. An abrupt "cleanup'' of the haze often took place in a matter of one day or less because of the passage of cold fronts. The mean single scattering albedo is approximately 0.9 but has strong day-to-day variations with maximum monthly averages occurring during the summer. Large aerosol loading and strong absorption lead to a very large aerosol radiative effect at the surface (the annual 24-hour mean values equals 24 Wm(-2)), but a much smaller aerosol radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere (one tenth of the surface value). The boundary atmosphere is thus heated dramatically during the daytime, which may affect atmospheric stability and cloud formation. In comparison, the cloud radiative effect at the surface is only moderately higher (-41 W m(-2)) than the aerosol radiative effect at the surface. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Earth Syst Sci Intedisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Nanjing, Peoples R China. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. China Meteorol Adm, Natl Satellite Meterol Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Li, ZQ (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Earth Syst Sci Intedisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI ECK, THOMAS/D-7407-2012; Xia, Xiangao/G-5545-2011; Cribb, Maureen/K-1341-2013; Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010; Tsay, Si-Chee/J-1147-2014; Dickerson, Russell/F-2857-2010 OI Xia, Xiangao/0000-0002-4187-6311; Cribb, Maureen/0000-0002-9745-3676; Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X; Dickerson, Russell/0000-0003-0206-3083 NR 50 TC 66 Z9 84 U1 4 U2 38 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 29 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D22 AR D22S01 DI 10.1029/2006JD007382 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208QY UT WOS:000249335500001 ER PT J AU Zhou, HD Wiebe, CR Jo, YJ Balicas, L Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Ehlers, G Fouquet, P Gardner, JS AF Zhou, H. D. Wiebe, C. R. Jo, Y. J. Balicas, L. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Ehlers, G. Fouquet, P. Gardner, J. S. TI The origin of persistent spin dynamics and residual entropy in the stuffed spin ice Ho2.3Ti1.7O7-delta SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID GEOMETRICAL FRUSTRATION; PYROCHLORE AB The so-called 'spin ices' form when exchange interactions, crystal fields, and dipolar interactions are in a delicate balance. This gives rise to a ground state which has a considerable amount of residual spin entropy, much like the proton entropy in water ice through the freezing transition. Recently, 'stuffed' spin ices have provided a means to probe how delicate a balance is needed to stabilize the disordered ground state. Surprisingly, it is found that an increase of the density of spins results in very little change in the residual entropy, which leads to the interesting idea that residual entropy states might be more common than once believed for magnetism. In this communication, we detail the crystal growth of stuffed spin ice Ho2.3Ti1.7O7-delta, and we complete neutron scattering experiments to observe how the spins order at low temperatures. It is found that even with this large perturbation, the system still has some key signatures of the spin ice state, but the spin dynamics is significantly altered. With this new data, an explanation emerges for the zero-point entropy in the stuffed spin ices. C1 Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, SNS Project, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Zhou, HD (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM cwiebe@magnet.fsu.edu; jsg@nist.gov RI Balicas, Luis/A-3110-2008; Fouquet, Peter/B-5212-2008; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Ehlers, Georg/B-5412-2008; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016 OI Fouquet, Peter/0000-0002-5542-0059; Ehlers, Georg/0000-0003-3513-508X; NR 16 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 29 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 34 AR 342201 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/19/34/342201 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 192FK UT WOS:000248186000001 ER PT J AU Fagan, JA Simpson, JR Bauer, BJ Lacerda, SHD Becker, ML Chun, J Migler, KB Walker, ARH Hobbie, EK AF Fagan, Jeffrey A. Simpson, Jeffrey R. Bauer, Barry J. Lacerda, Silvia H. De Paoli Becker, Matthew L. Chun, Jaehun Migler, Kalman B. Walker, Angela R. Hight Hobbie, Erik K. TI Length-dependent optical effects in single-wall carbon nanotubes SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FLUORESCENCE; PURIFICATION; DISPERSION; SEPARATION; DIAMETER AB Among the novel chemical and physical attributes of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), the optical properties are perhaps the most compelling. Although much is known about how such characteristics depend on nanotube chirality and diameter, relatively little is known about how the optical response depends on length, the next most obvious and fundamental nanotube trait. We show here that the intrinsic optical response of single-wall carbon nanotubes exhibits a strong dependence on nanotube length, and we offer a simple explanation that relates this behavior to the localization of a bound exciton along the length of a nanotube. The results presented here suggest that, for a given volume fraction, the longest nanotubes display significantly enhanced absorption, near-infrared fluorescence, and Raman scattering, which has important practical implications for potential applications that seek to exploit the unique optical characteristics of SWCNTs. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Walker, ARH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM angela.hightwalker@nist.gov; erik.hobbie@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 NR 23 TC 98 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 29 PY 2007 VL 129 IS 34 BP 10607 EP 10612 DI 10.1021/ja073115c PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 204HS UT WOS:000249035200060 PM 17672462 ER PT J AU Schneider, H Weber, JM Myshakin, EM Jordan, KD Bopp, J Herden, T Johnson, MA AF Schneider, Holger Weber, J. Mathias Myshakin, Evgeniy M. Jordan, Kenneth D. Bopp, Joseph Herden, Tobias Johnson, Mark A. TI Theoretical and infrared spectroscopic investigation of the O-2(-)center dot benzene and O-4(-)center dot benzene complexes SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; AB-INITIO; ENDOTHELIAL DYSFUNCTION; CLUSTERS; SPECTRA; O-4(-); HYDRATION; ANION; ION; PHOTODISSOCIATION AB The infrared spectra of the O-2(-)center dot benzene and O-4(-)center dot benzene complexes are determined by means of Ar predissociation spectroscopy. Several transitions due to CH stretch fundamentals and various combination bands are observed in the 2700-3100 cm(-1) region. The experimental results are interpreted with the aid of electronic structure calculations. A comparison of the calculated and experimental spectra reveals that the spectrum of O-2(-)center dot benzene most likely arises from an isomer where the superoxide molecule binds preferentially to one CH group of benzene. In contrast, the spectrum of O-4(-)center dot benzene yields a CH pattern remarkably similar to that displayed by the C-2 nu X-center dot benzene (X=halogen) complexes, consistent with a structure with two CH groups equally involved in the bonding. The lower energy vibrational fundamental transitions of the O-4(-) anion are recovered with a slight redshift in the O-4(-)center dot benzene spectrum, establishing that this charge-delocalized dimer ion retains its identity upon complexation. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. US DOE, Natl Energy Technol Lab, Pittsburgh, PA 15219 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Ctr Mol & Mat Simulat, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. Yale Univ, Sterling Chem Lab, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu RI Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009 OI Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886 NR 32 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 28 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 8 AR 084319 DI 10.1063/1.2759929 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 206AM UT WOS:000249156300040 PM 17764260 ER PT J AU Owen, T Pynn, R Hammouda, B Butler, A AF Owen, Tate Pynn, Roger Hammouda, Boualem Butler, Alison TI Metal-dependent self-assembly of a microbial surfactant SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID AMPHIPHILIC SIDEROPHORES; HOFMEISTER SERIES; IONS; MEMBRANE; VESICLES; CARDIOLIPIN; TRANSITION; SALT AB Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), and dynamic light scattering (DLS) were used to study the metal-dependent phase behavior of microbially produced surfactantsmarinobactins B, D, and E (M-B, M-D, and M-E). Marinobactins A-E are siderophores that facilitate Fe(III) acquisition by the source bacterium through the coordination of Fe(III) by the peptidic headgroup. All of the marinobactins have the same six amino acid headgroup but differ in the length and saturation of the monoalkyl fatty acid tail. Fe(III) coordinated to M-E (Fe(III)-M-E) was found to form micelles with a diameter of similar to 3.5 nm that underwent a supramolecular transformation to produce a monodisperse population of vesicles with an average diameter ranging from similar to 90 to 190 nm upon addition of Cd(II), Zn(II), or La(III). SANS profiles of the transition-metal-induced phase exhibit a Bragg peak at Q(B) approximate to 0.11-0.12 angstrom(-1) and were fit to a SANS model for multilamellar vesicles that have an interbilayer repeat distance of 2 pi/Q(B) approximate to 5.6-5.0 nm. Cryo-TEM images of the Zn(II)-induced phase reveals the presence of similar to 100 nm diameter approximately spherical aggregates of uniform electron density. The temperature dependence of the Zn(II)-induced transformation was also investigated as a function of the length and degree of unsaturation of the Fe(III)-marinobactin fatty acid tail. The Cd(II)-, Zn(II)-, and La(III)-induced phase changes have features that are similar to those of the previously reported Fe(III)-induced micelle-to-vesicle transition, and this observation has opened questions regarding the role that Cd(II) and Zn(II) may play in bacterial iron uptake. C1 Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. RP Butler, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM butler@chem.ucsb.edu RI Butler, Alison/D-5094-2015 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM38130] NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 28 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 18 BP 9393 EP 9400 DI 10.1021/la700671p PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 202FF UT WOS:000248886700040 PM 17655261 ER PT J AU Burton, BP Nishimatsu, T AF Burton, B. P. Nishimatsu, Takeshi TI First principles phase diagram calculations for the system NaNbO3-KNbO3: Can spinodal decomposition generate relaxor ferroelectricity? SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; NACL-KCL; PIEZOELECTRICS; SIMULATIONS; METALS AB First principles based phase diagram calculations were performed for the system (1-X) NaNbO3-(X) KNbO3. Plane wave pseudopotential calculations of formation energies were used as a basis for fitting a cluster expansion Hamiltonian, and a phase diagram was calculated. The predicted phase diagram has an unusual asymmetric miscibility gap, which suggests that it might be possible to synthesize a lead-free compositionally modulated sample with bulk composition X approximate to 0.23; such a sample is likely to exhibit relaxor characteristics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ceram Div, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Tohoku Univ, IMR, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. RP Burton, BP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ceram Div, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM benjamin.burton@nist.gov RI Nishimatsu, Takeshi/A-8113-2011 OI Nishimatsu, Takeshi/0000-0001-8754-8324 NR 30 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 27 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 9 AR 092907 DI 10.1063/1.2775308 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 206AK UT WOS:000249156100087 ER PT J AU Sassen, K Matrosov, S Campbell, J AF Sassen, Kenneth Matrosov, Sergey Campbell, James TI CloudSat spaceborne 94 GHz radar bright bands in the melting layer: An attenuation-driven upside-down lidar analog SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR; PRECIPITATION; HYDROMETEORS AB The CloudSat satellite supports a W-band ( 94 GHz) cloud profiling radar. At this 3.2 mm wavelength, ground-based measurements of rainfall associated with melting snowflakes do not show the radar reflectivity peak that is characteristic of bright band measurements at longer ( Rayleigh scattering-dominated) wavelengths. Nonetheless, examination of downward-looking CloudSat returns in precipitation often indicate an obvious signal peak in the melting region. Through melting layer microphysical and scattering model simulations, we demonstrate that this downward-viewing radar feature is analogous to the lidar bright band observed from the ground in that it owes its existence to strong attenuation. In the upward-looking lidar case, the strong attenuation comes from large low-density snowflakes. In the downward-looking 94 GHz radar case, it is due to the effects of the greater refractive index of water particles compared to ice: it is comparable to an upside-down lidar bright band. A W-band radar dark band, which contributes to the visibility of the bright band, is shown to be due to attenuation in the snowfall. For comparison, the bright and dark bands for an upward viewing lidar are also modeled: the latter is simulated by a reduction in light backscattering efficiency of ice-containing raindrops. C1 Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sassen, K (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Koyukukk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM ksassen@gi.alaska.edu RI Campbell, James/C-4884-2012 OI Campbell, James/0000-0003-0251-4550 NR 13 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 16 AR L16818 DI 10.1029/2007GL030291 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 204FD UT WOS:000249028200004 ER PT J AU Stone, MB Tian, W Lumsden, MD Granroth, GE Mandrus, D Chung, JH Harrison, N Nagler, SE AF Stone, M. B. Tian, W. Lumsden, M. D. Granroth, G. E. Mandrus, D. Chung, J.-H. Harrison, N. Nagler, S. E. TI Quantum spin correlations in an organometallic alternating-sign chain SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TETRAMETHYLAMMONIUM TRICHLORONICKELATE II; ONE-DIMENSIONAL SYSTEMS; HEISENBERG CHAIN; EXCITATION SPECTRUM; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; PHASE; LADDERS; (CH3)(2)NH2CUCL3; TRANSITION AB High resolution neutron scattering is used to study excitations in the organometallic magnet (CH(3))(2)NH(2)CuCl(3) (DMACuCl(3)). Combined with bulk magnetization and susceptibility studies, the new results imply that DMACuCl(3) is a realization of the S=1/2 alternating antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic (AFM-FM) chain. Coupled-cluster calculations indicate that the AFM and FM interactions have nearly the same strength, while analysis of scattering intensities shows evidence for interdimer spin correlations. Results are discussed in the context of recent ideas concerning quantum entanglement. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, Ames, IA 50011 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci & Technol, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Stone, MB (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Nagler, Stephen/B-9403-2010; Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010; Stone, Matthew/G-3275-2011; Granroth, Garrett/G-3576-2012; Tian, Wei/C-8604-2013; Mandrus, David/H-3090-2014; Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI Harrison, Neil/0000-0001-5456-7756; Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339; Stone, Matthew/0000-0001-7884-9715; Granroth, Garrett/0000-0002-7583-8778; Tian, Wei/0000-0001-7735-3187; Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 NR 42 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 24 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 8 AR 087204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.087204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 203OW UT WOS:000248984900047 PM 17930978 ER PT J AU Xu, GY Broholm, C Soh, YA Aeppli, G DiTusa, JF Chen, Y Kenzelmann, M Frost, CD Ito, T Oka, K Takagi, H AF Xu, Guangyong Broholm, C. Soh, Yeong-Ah Aeppli, G. DiTusa, J. F. Chen, Ying Kenzelmann, M. Frost, C. D. Ito, T. Oka, K. Takagi, H. TI Mesoscopic phase coherence in a quantum spin fluid SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HEISENBERG ANTIFERROMAGNETS; MAGNETIC EXCITATIONS; HALDANE-GAP; CHAIN; DYNAMICS; Y2BANIO5 AB Mesoscopic quantum phase coherence is important because it improves the prospects for handling quantum degrees of freedom in technology. Here we show that the development of such coherence can be monitored using magnetic neutron scattering from a one-dimensional spin chain of an oxide of nickel (Y2BaNiO5), a quantum spin fluid in which no classical static magnetic order is present. In the cleanest samples, the quantum coherence length is 20 nanometers, which is almost an order of magnitude larger than the classical antiferromagnetic correlation length of 3 nanometers. We also demonstrate that the coherence length can be modified by static and thermally activated defects in a quantitatively predictable manner. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Dartmouth Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1H OAH, England. UCL, Dept Phys & Astrophys, London WC1H OAH, England. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058562, Japan. Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Frontier Sci, Dept Adv Mat Sci, Chiba 2778561, Japan. RP Xu, GY (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM gxu@bnl.gov RI Takagi, Hidenori/B-2935-2010; Broholm, Collin/E-8228-2011; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008 OI Broholm, Collin/0000-0002-1569-9892; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826 NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 24 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5841 BP 1049 EP 1052 DI 10.1126/science.1143831 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 203AE UT WOS:000248946700035 PM 17656685 ER PT J AU Cassar, N Bender, ML Barnett, BA Fan, S Moxim, WJ Levy, H Tilbrook, B AF Cassar, Nicolas Bender, Michael L. Barnett, Bruce A. Fan, Songmiao Moxim, Walter J. Levy, Hiram, II Tilbrook, Bronte TI The Southern Ocean biological response to Aeolian iron deposition SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NATURAL ORGANIC-LIGANDS; PACIFIC SECTOR; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; DISSOLVED FE; WATERS; LIMITATION; BLOOMS; COMPLEXATION; PRODUCTIVITY; ENRICHMENT AB Biogeochemical rate processes in the Southern Ocean have an important impact on the global environment. Here, we summarize an extensive set of published and new data that establishes the pattern of gross primary production and net community production over large areas of the Southern Ocean. We compare these rates with model estimates of dissolved iron that is added to surface waters by aerosols. This comparison shows that net community production, which is comparable to export production, is proportional to modeled input of soluble iron in aerosols. Our results strengthen the evidence that the addition of aerosol iron fertilizes export production in the Southern Ocean. The data also show that aerosol iron input particularly enhances gross primary production over the large area of the Southern Ocean downwind of dry continental areas. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. CSIRO, Marine & Atmospher Res & Antarctic Climate, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. CSIRO, Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Cassar, N (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ncassar@princeton.edu RI Cassar, Nicolas/B-4260-2011; Tilbrook, Bronte/A-1522-2012; OI Tilbrook, Bronte/0000-0001-9385-3827; Cassar, Nicolas/0000-0003-0100-3783 NR 33 TC 126 Z9 128 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 24 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5841 BP 1067 EP 1070 DI 10.1126/science.1144602 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 203AE UT WOS:000248946700040 PM 17717181 ER PT J AU To, TT Heilweil, EJ AF To, Tung T. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Ultrafast chelation dynamics of a manganese tricarbonyl derivative in solid polyacrylonitrile SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PENDANT SULFIDES; ABSORPTION; ENERGETICS; SOLVATION; SWITCHES; LIGAND AB Ultraviolet pump, infrared probe transient absorption studies of the chelatable compound 1, Mn{eta(5)-C5H4C(O)C(SCH3)(3)}(CO)(3), dispersed in room temperature, spin-coated polyacryclonitrile (PAN) films (similar to 25 mu m thick on a CaF2 surface) are reported for the first time. Irradiation of 1 at 289 nm induces CO loss with high yield and generates the Mn-S bound chelate within 160 ps. There is no evidence for undesirable matrix cage CO recombination or secondary competing solvation pathways for this system, which may serve as the basis for future solid-state photoswitches. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heilweil, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Edwin.heilweil@nist.gov NR 12 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 23 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 33 BP 8047 EP 8049 DI 10.1021/jp073116r PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 200JD UT WOS:000248758800001 PM 17663536 ER PT J AU Bhushan, B Nosonovsky, M Jung, YC AF Bhushan, Bharat Nosonovsky, Michael Jung, Yong Chae TI Towards optimization of patterned superhydrophobic surfaces SO JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY INTERFACE LA English DT Article DE hydrophobic; lotus effect; contact angle; hysteresis; tilt angle ID CONTACT-ANGLE HYSTERESIS; HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; FRICTION PROPERTIES; WATER-REPELLENT; NANOPATTERNED POLYMERS; ROUGH SURFACES; LEAF SURFACES; LENGTH SCALES; ADHESION; WETTABILITY AB Experimental and theoretical study of wetting properties of patterned Si surfaces with cylindrical flat-top pillars of various sizes and pitch distances is presented. The values of the contact angle (CA), contact angle hysteresis (CAH) and tilt angle (TA) are measured and compared with the theoretical values. Transition from the composite solid liquid air to the homogeneous solid liquid interface is investigated. It is found that the wetting behaviour of a patterned hydrophobic surface depends upon a simple non-dimensional parameter, the spacing factor, equal to the pillar diameter divided by the pitch. The spacing factor controls the CA, CAH and TA in the composite interface regime, as well as destabilization and transition to the homogeneous interface. We show that the assumption that the CAH is a consequence of the adhesion hysteresis and surface roughness leads to the theoretical values of the CAH that are in a reasonably good agreement with the experimental values. By decreasing the spacing factor, the values of CA=170 degrees, CAH=5 degrees and TA=3 degrees are achieved. However, with further decreasing of the spacing factor, the composite interface destabilizes. C1 Ohio State Univ, Nanotribol Lab Informat Storage, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Ohio State Univ, MEMS, NEMS, NLIM, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bhushan, B (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Nanotribol Lab Informat Storage, 201 W 19th Ave, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM bhushan.2@osu.edu RI Nosonovsky, Michael/B-2228-2012; Bhushan, Bharat/A-9684-2013 OI Bhushan, Bharat/0000-0001-7161-6601 NR 45 TC 81 Z9 83 U1 3 U2 33 PU ROYAL SOCIETY PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1742-5689 J9 J R SOC INTERFACE JI J. R. Soc. Interface PD AUG 22 PY 2007 VL 4 IS 15 BP 643 EP 648 DI 10.1098/rsif.2006.0211 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 188GH UT WOS:000247907100005 PM 17251158 ER PT J AU Boyer, T Levitus, S Antonov, J Locarnini, R Mishonov, A Garcia, H Josey, SA AF Boyer, Tim Levitus, Syd Antonov, John Locarnini, Ricardo Mishonov, Alexey Garcia, Hernan Josey, Simon A. TI Changes in freshwater content in the North Atlantic Ocean 1955-2006 SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SUBPOLAR GYRE; VARIABILITY; SALINITY; DECADES AB Freshwater content changes (FW) for the North Atlantic Ocean (NA) are calculated from in situ salinity profiles for the period 1955-2006 from the surface to 2,000 meters. Heat content (HC) is also calculated from in situ temperature profiles for comparison. A decrease in FW between 1955 and 2006 of similar to 30,000 km 3 is found for the NA, despite an increase in FW of similar to 16,000 km 3 in the subpolar North Atlantic (SNA) and Nordic Seas between the late 1960s and the early 1990s. Over the last two decades there is a pattern of decreasing FW in the upper 400 meters and increasing FW below 1,300 meters for the NA. FW and HC are strongly negatively correlated for both the SNA (r = -0.93) and the NA ( r = -0.79). Net precipitation, from NCEP/NCAR, is found to have a strong influence on FW changes in the SNA but this relation is weaker elsewhere. C1 NOAA, Natl Oceanogr Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. RP Boyer, T (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Oceanogr Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Mishonov, Alexey/F-3211-2011 OI Mishonov, Alexey/0000-0002-2958-8747 NR 10 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 16 AR L16603 DI 10.1029/2007GL030126 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 204EU UT WOS:000249027300002 ER PT J AU Miller, L Douglas, BC AF Miller, Laury Douglas, Bruce C. TI Gyre-scale atmospheric pressure variations and their relation to 19th and 20th century sea level rise SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; COAST AB Most of the long tide gauge records in the North Atlantic and North Pacific commonly used to estimate global sea level rise and acceleration display a marked difference in behavior in the late 1800's - early 1900's compared to the latter half of the 20th century. The rates of sea level rise tend to be lower in the 19th compared to 20th century. We show this behavior may be related to long-term, gyre-scale surface pressure variations similar to those associated with the Northern Annular Mode. As sea level pressure increases ( decreases) at decadal and longer timescales at the centers of the subtropical atmospheric gyres, sea level trends along the eastern margins in each ocean basin decrease ( increase). This is not an isostatic response; the scaling between local surface pressure and sea level at interannual and longer timescales is 3 to 6 times greater than expected by that mechanism. Rather, it appears to be the result of large, possibly gyre-scale changes in ocean circulation. Some evidence is also presented indicating slow, similar to 2 cm/sec, westward propagation of sea level changes in the Atlantic from the west coast of Europe to the east coast of the U. S. which produce the decadal variability seen there. C1 NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Florida Int Univ, Lab Coast Res, Miami, FL USA. RP Miller, L (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Miller, Laury/B-8305-2011 OI Miller, Laury/0000-0003-3095-5804 NR 22 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 16 AR L16602 DI 10.1029/2007GL030862 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 204EU UT WOS:000249027300006 ER PT J AU Wheatley, RJ Harvey, AH AF Wheatley, Richard J. Harvey, Allan H. TI The water-oxygen dimer: First-principles calculation of an extrapolated potential energy surface and second virial coefficients SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AB-INITIO; INTERMOLECULAR POTENTIALS; EXCITED-STATES; COMPLEX; O-2-H2O; H2O-CENTER-DOT-O-2; VIBRATIONS; MOLECULES; HYDROGEN; NITROGEN AB The systematic intermolecular potential extrapolation routine (SIMPER) is applied to the water-oxygen complex to obtain a five-dimensional potential energy surface. This is the first application of SIMPER to open-shell molecules, and it is the first use, in this context, of asymptotic dispersion energy coefficients calculated using the unrestricted time-dependent coupled-cluster method. The potential energy surface is extrapolated to the complete basis set limit, fitted as a function of intermolecular geometry, and used to calculate (mixed) second virial coefficients, which significantly extend the range of the available experimental data. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wheatley, RJ (reprint author), Univ Nottingham, Sch Chem, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. EM richard.wheatley@nottingham.ac.uk; aharvey@boulder.nist.gov RI Wheatley, Richard/K-6598-2015 OI Wheatley, Richard/0000-0002-2096-7708 NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 127 IS 7 AR 074303 DI 10.1063/1.2756524 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 202MH UT WOS:000248905300010 PM 17718609 ER PT J AU Eyring, V Waugh, DW Bodeker, GE Cordero, E Akiyoshi, H Austin, J Beagley, SR Boville, BA Braesicke, P Bruhl, C Butchart, N Chipperfield, MP Dameris, M Deckert, R Deushi, M Frith, SM Garcia, RR Gettelman, A Giorgetta, MA Kinnison, DE Mancini, E Manzini, E Marsh, DR Matthes, S Nagashima, T Newman, PA Nielsen, JE Pawson, S Pitari, G Plummer, DA Rozanov, E Schraner, M Scinocca, JF Semeniuk, K Shepherd, TG Shibata, K Steil, B Stolarski, RS Tian, W Yoshiki, M AF Eyring, V. Waugh, D. W. Bodeker, G. E. Cordero, E. Akiyoshi, H. Austin, J. Beagley, S. R. Boville, B. A. Braesicke, P. Bruehl, C. Butchart, N. Chipperfield, M. P. Dameris, M. Deckert, R. Deushi, M. Frith, S. M. Garcia, R. R. Gettelman, A. Giorgetta, M. A. Kinnison, D. E. Mancini, E. Manzini, E. Marsh, D. R. Matthes, S. Nagashima, T. Newman, P. A. Nielsen, J. E. Pawson, S. Pitari, G. Plummer, D. A. Rozanov, E. Schraner, M. Scinocca, J. F. Semeniuk, K. Shepherd, T. G. Shibata, K. Steil, B. Stolarski, R. S. Tian, W. Yoshiki, M. TI Multimodel projections of stratospheric ozone in the 21st century SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE MODEL; GASES NITROUS-OXIDE; WATER-VAPOR; INTERACTIVE CHEMISTRY; GREENHOUSE GASES; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; FUTURE CONCENTRATIONS; CIRCULATION MODEL; ART. AB Simulations from eleven coupled chemistry-climate models (CCMs) employing nearly identical forcings have been used to project the evolution of stratospheric ozone throughout the 21st century. The model-to-model agreement in projected temperature trends is good, and all CCMs predict continued, global mean cooling of the stratosphere over the next 5 decades, increasing from around 0.25 K/decade at 50 hPa to around 1 K/decade at 1 hPa under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC) Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario. In general, the simulated ozone evolution is mainly determined by decreases in halogen concentrations and continued cooling of the global stratosphere due to increases in greenhouse gases (GHGs). Column ozone is projected to increase as stratospheric halogen concentrations return to 1980s levels. Because of ozone increases in the middle and upper stratosphere due to GHG-induced cooling, total ozone averaged over midlatitudes, outside the polar regions, and globally, is projected to increase to 1980 values between 2035 and 2050 and before lowerstratospheric halogen amounts decrease to 1980 values. In the polar regions the CCMs simulate small temperature trends in the first and second half of the 21st century in midwinter. Differences in stratospheric inorganic chlorine (Cl-y) among the CCMs are key to diagnosing the intermodel differences in simulated ozone recovery, in particular in the Antarctic. It is found that there are substantial quantitative differences in the simulated Cly, with the October mean Antarctic Cly peak value varying from less than 2 ppb to over 3.5 ppb in the CCMs, and the date at which the Cly returns to 1980 values varying from before 2030 to after 2050. There is a similar variation in the timing of recovery of Antarctic springtime column ozone back to 1980 values. As most models underestimate peak Cly near 2000, ozone recovery in the Antarctic could occur even later, between 2060 and 2070. In the Arctic the column ozone increase in spring does not follow halogen decreases as closely as in the Antarctic, reaching 1980 values before Arctic halogen amounts decrease to 1980 values and before the Antarctic. None of the CCMs predict future large decreases in the Arctic column ozone. By 2100, total column ozone is projected to be substantially above 1980 values in all regions except in the tropics. C1 Deutsches Zent Luft & Raunfahrt, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. San Jose State Univ, Dept Meteorol, San Jose, CA 95192 USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. York Univ, Dept Earth & Space Sci & Engn, Toronto, ON M3J 2R7, Canada. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Univ Cambridge, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge, England. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Met Off Climate Res Div, Exeter, Devon, England. Univ Leeds, Inst Atmospher Sci, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. Meteorol Res Inst, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. Univ Aquila, Dipartimento Fis, I-67100 Laquila, Italy. Ist Nazl Geofis & Vulcanol, Ctr Euro Mediterraneo Cambiamenti Climat, Bologna, Italy. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Environm Canada, Atomospher Environm Serv, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. World Radiat Ctr, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci ETHZ, Phys Meteorol Observ, Davos, Switzerland. ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Victoria, Canadian Ctr Climate Modelling & Anal, Meteorol Serv Canada, Victoria, BC, Canada. Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Eyring, V (reprint author), Deutsches Zent Luft & Raunfahrt, Inst Atmospher Phys, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. EM veronika.eyring@dlr.de RI Newman, Paul/D-6208-2012; Stolarski, Richard/B-8499-2013; Chipperfield, Martyn/H-6359-2013; Braesicke, Peter/D-8330-2016; Rozanov, Eugene/A-9857-2012; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014; Waugh, Darryn/K-3688-2016; Pitari, Giovanni/O-7458-2016; Eyring, Veronika/O-9999-2016; Marsh, Daniel/A-8406-2008; Manzini, Elisa/H-5760-2011 OI Mancini, Eva/0000-0001-7071-0292; Newman, Paul/0000-0003-1139-2508; Stolarski, Richard/0000-0001-8722-4012; Chipperfield, Martyn/0000-0002-6803-4149; Braesicke, Peter/0000-0003-1423-0619; Rozanov, Eugene/0000-0003-0479-4488; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X; Waugh, Darryn/0000-0001-7692-2798; Pitari, Giovanni/0000-0001-7051-9578; Eyring, Veronika/0000-0002-6887-4885; Marsh, Daniel/0000-0001-6699-494X; NR 79 TC 200 Z9 209 U1 4 U2 42 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D16 AR D16303 DI 10.1029/2006JD008332 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 204FL UT WOS:000249029000005 ER PT J AU Tomasi, C Vitale, V Lupi, A Di Carmine, C Campanelli, M Herber, A Treffeisen, R Stone, RS Andrews, E Sharma, S Radionov, V von Hoyningen-Huene, W Stebel, K Hansen, GH Myhre, CL Wehrli, C Aaltonen, V Lihavainen, H Virkkula, A Hillamo, R Strom, J Toledano, C Cachorro, VE Ortiz, P de Frutos, AM Blindheim, S Frioud, M Gausa, M Zielinski, T Petelski, T Yamanouchi, T AF Tomasi, C. Vitale, V. Lupi, A. Di Carmine, C. Campanelli, M. Herber, A. Treffeisen, R. Stone, R. S. Andrews, E. Sharma, S. Radionov, V. von Hoyningen-Huene, W. Stebel, K. Hansen, G. H. Myhre, C. L. Wehrli, C. Aaltonen, V. Lihavainen, H. Virkkula, A. Hillamo, R. Stroem, J. Toledano, C. Cachorro, V. E. Ortiz, P. de Frutos, A. M. Blindheim, S. Frioud, M. Gausa, M. Zielinski, T. Petelski, T. Yamanouchi, T. TI Aerosols in polar regions: A historical overview based on optical depth and in situ observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Review ID SEA-SALT PARTICLES; LONG-TERM DECREASE; SOUTH-POLE; ARCTIC HAZE; ANTARCTIC ATMOSPHERE; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; ICE EXTENT; STRATOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; MODEL-CALCULATIONS; ASIAN SOURCE AB Large sets of filtered actinometer, filtered pyrheliometer and Sun photometer measurements have been carried out over the past 30 years by various groups at different Arctic and Antarctic sites and for different time periods. They were examined to estimate ensemble average, long-term trends of the summer background aerosol optical depth AOD(500 nm) in the polar regions ( omitting the data influenced by Arctic haze and volcanic eruptions). The trend for the Arctic was estimated to be between -1.6% and -2.0% per year over 30 years, depending on location. No significant trend was observed for Antarctica. The time patterns of AOD( 500 nm) and angstrom ngstrom's parameters a and beta measured with Sun photometers during the last 20 years at various Arctic and Antarctic sites are also presented. They give a measure of the large variations of these parameters due to El Chichon, Pinatubo, and Cerro Hudson volcanic particles, Arctic haze episodes most frequent in winter and spring, and the transport of Asian dust and boreal smokes to the Arctic region. Evidence is also shown of marked differences between the aerosol optical parameters measured at coastal and high-altitude sites in Antarctica. In situ optical and chemical composition parameters of aerosol particles measured at Arctic and Antarctic sites are also examined to achieve more complete information on the multimodal size distribution shape parameters and their radiative properties. A characterization of aerosol radiative parameters is also defined by plotting the daily mean values of a as a function of AOD( 500 nm), separately for the two polar regions, allowing the identification of different clusters related to fifteen aerosol classes, for which the spectral values of complex refractive index and single scattering albedo were evaluated. C1 Consiglo Nazl Rich, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy. Consiglo Nazl Rich, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Rome, Italy. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-2850 Bremerhaven, Germany. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. Environm Canada, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON, Canada. Arct & Antarct Res Inst, St Petersburg, Russia. Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys Remote Sensing, Bremen, Germany. Norwegian Inst Air Res, Polar Environm Ctr, Tromso, Norway. World Radiat Ctr, Phys Meteorol Observ, Davos, Switzerland. Finnish Meteorol Inst, FIN-00101 Helsinki, Finland. Stockholm Univ, Dept Appl Environm Sci, S-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. Univ Valladolid, Grp Opt Atmospher, Valladolid, Spain. Andoya Rocket Range, Andenes, Norway. Polish Acad Sci, Inst Oceanol, Sopot, Poland. Natl Inst Polar Res, Tokyo 173, Japan. RP Tomasi, C (reprint author), Consiglo Nazl Rich, Inst Atmospher Sci & Climate, Bologna, Italy. EM hoyning@iup.physik.uni-bremen.de; toledano@baraja.opt.cie.uva.es; chiqui@baraja.opt.cie.uva.es; jportiz@baraja.opt.cie.uva.es; angel@baraja.opt.cie.uva.es RI Toledano, Carlos/J-3672-2012; Virkkula, Aki/B-8575-2014; Stebel, Kerstin/F-6465-2013; Lund Myhre, Cathrine/M-4508-2014; Lihavainen, Heikki/N-4840-2014; Ortiz-de-Galisteo, Jose Pablo/O-4607-2014; Yamanouchi, Takashi/P-2041-2015; OI Toledano, Carlos/0000-0002-6890-6648; Stebel, Kerstin/0000-0002-6935-7564; Lund Myhre, Cathrine/0000-0003-3587-5926; Ortiz-de-Galisteo, Jose Pablo/0000-0001-6649-8970; Cachorro, Victoria/0000-0002-4627-9444 NR 115 TC 86 Z9 92 U1 3 U2 41 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D16 AR D16205 DI 10.1029/2007JD008432 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 204FL UT WOS:000249029000006 ER PT J AU Patton, DL Page, KA Xu, C Genson, KL Fasolka, MJ Beers, KL AF Patton, Derek L. Page, Kirt A. Xu, Chang Genson, Kirsten L. Fasolka, Michael J. Beers, Kathryn L. TI Measurement of reactivity ratios in surface-initiated radical copolymerization SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; METHYL-METHACRYLATE; POLYMER BRUSHES; RATE CONSTANTS; STYRENE; BEHAVIOR C1 NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beers, KL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kathryn.beers@nist.gov RI Patton, Derek/E-8241-2013 OI Patton, Derek/0000-0002-8738-4750 NR 22 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 17 BP 6017 EP 6020 DI 10.1021/ma070944+ PG 4 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 199JR UT WOS:000248692600001 ER PT J AU Ullom, JN Doriese, WB Beall, JA Duncan, WD Ferreira, L Hilton, GC Horansky, RD Irwin, KD Jach, T Mates, B Miller, NA O'Neil, GC Reintsema, CD Ritchie, N Sclunidt, DS Vale, LR Xu, Y Zink, BL Hoover, A Rudy, CR Tournear, DM Vo, DT Rabin, MW AF Ullom, J. N. Doriese, W. B. Beall, J. A. Duncan, W. D. Ferreira, L. Hilton, G. C. Horansky, R. D. Irwin, K. D. Jach, T. Mates, B. Miller, N. A. O'Neil, G. C. Reintsema, C. D. Ritchie, N. Sclunidt, D. S. Vale, L. R. Xu, Y. Zink, B. L. Hoover, A. Rudy, C. R. Tournear, D. M. Vo, D. T. Rabin, M. W. TI Multiplexed microcalorimeter arrays for precision measurements from microwave to gamma-ray wavelengths SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Rediation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 23-26, 2006 CL Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI HO Univ Michigan DE microcalorimeter; transition-edge sensor; gamma-ray ID HIGH-RESOLUTION; SPECTROMETER AB Cryogenic microcalorimeters are a promising technology for ultrasensitive measurements of electromagnetic radiation from microwave to gamma-ray wavelengths. Cryogenic microcalorimeters derive their exquisite sensitivity from the minimal thermal noise at typical operating temperatures near 0.1 K. The core technology of the microcalorimeters under development at NIST is independent of the application wavelength: thin-film thermometers whose temperature and resistance change in response to absorbed energy. However, the absorbing structures used to couple radiation into the thermometers depend strongly on the application wavelength. Here, we describe microcalorimeter technology and its application to microwave, X-ray, and gamma-ray measurements. In particular, we present results from a 13 pixel gamma-ray microcalorimeter array with a coadded energy resolution of 51 eV FWHM at 103 keV and a single pixel with resolution of 27 eV FWHM at 103 keV. One application for gamma-ray microcalorimeters is to deconvolve the complex spectrum of a mixture of Pu isotopes near 100 keV. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Ullom, JN (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Ullom@boulder.nist.gov RI Tomlin, Nathan/A-4927-2009; OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045; Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X NR 11 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 579 IS 1 BP 161 EP 164 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.04.030 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 208VX UT WOS:000249348400041 ER PT J AU Horansky, RD Ullom, JN Beall, JA Doriese, WB Durican, WD Ferreira, L Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Reintsema, CD Vale, LR Zink, BL Hoover, A Rudy, CR Tournear, DM Vo, DT Rabin, MW AF Horansky, R. D. Ullom, J. N. Beall, J. A. Doriese, W. B. Durican, W. D. Ferreira, L. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Reintsema, C. D. Vale, L. R. Zink, B. L. Hoover, A. Rudy, C. R. Tournear, D. M. Vo, D. T. Rabin, M. W. TI Superconducting absorbers for use in ultra-high resolution gamma-ray spectrometers based on low temperature microcalorimeter arrays SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Rediation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 23-26, 2006 CL Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI HO Univ Michigan DE gamma-ray spectroscopy; microcalorimeters; superconducting detectors; transition edge sensors; microcalorimeter arrays ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; X-RAY; CALORIMETERS AB Higher resolution gamma-ray detectors are of significant interest to many scientific fields, including fundamental determinations of the Lamb shift in atoms with high atomic numbers, nuclear treaty verification, and environmental monitoring. High-purity germanium is presently the detector material of choice, but germanium detectors suffer from fundamental limitations on their resolution. Recent advances in the use of low temperature calorimeters can provide improvements of more than an order of magnitude. For instance, we report here a resolution of 27eV FWHM at 103keV. These calorimeters are made up of two components, a bulk absorber to stop incident gamma-rays and a thermometer made from a thin film electrically biased in the superconducting-to-normal phase transition, called a Transition Edge Sensor, or TES. We have now begun a systematic study of absorber behavior in order to increase efficiency and understand effects on resolution. This study leverages two recently developed capabilities: the ability to microfabricate highly uniform arrays of gamma-ray detectors and the ability to read out signals from many detectors in a single cool-down to 0.1 K using SQUID multiplexer circuits. Here, I will discuss two experiments we are currently conducting to identify better absorber materials. The first involves the use of tin (Sn) as the gamma-ray absorber and the effect of crystal grain size on the thermalization of absorbed photons. The second experiment examines the role of absorbed hydrogen in tantalum (Ta) absorbers. The presence of hydrogen is known to increase the heat capacity of Ta and may be a limiting factor in Ta's use as an improved absorber material. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Horansky, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway MC 817-03, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM horansky@nist.gov OI Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 579 IS 1 BP 169 EP 172 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.04.032 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 208VX UT WOS:000249348400043 ER PT J AU Siegmund, OHW Vallerga, JV Martin, A Feller, B Arif, M Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Siegmund, Oswald H. W. Vallerga, John V. Martin, Adrian Feller, Bruce Arif, Muhammad Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. TI A high spatial resolution event counting neutron detector using microchannel plates and cross delay line readout SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Rediation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 23-26, 2006 CL Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI HO Univ Michigan DE microchannel plate; cross delay line anode; neutron; imaging ID EFFICIENCY; SQUARE AB We have developed and tested a 25mm aperture event counting two-dimensional imaging detector with high time resolution using neutron-sensitive microchannel plates and a cross delay line readout anode. Spatial resolution of better than 17 mu m RMS has been demonstrated along with thermal neutron detection efficiencies of about 20%. Each event can be time tagged to better than 25 ns and event rates in excess of 1 MHz may be achieved. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Sensor Sci LLC, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523 USA. Nova Sci Inc, Sturbridge, MA 01566 USA. NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Siegmund, OHW (reprint author), Sensor Sci LLC, 3333 Vincent Rd,Suite 103, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523 USA. EM osiegmund@sensorsciences.com NR 8 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 579 IS 1 BP 188 EP 191 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.04.037 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 208VX UT WOS:000249348400048 ER PT J AU Gentile, TR Deweya, MS Mumm, HP Nico, JS Thompson, AK Chupp, TE Cooper, RL Fisher, BM Kremsky, I Wietfeldt, FE Kiriluk, KG Beise, EJ AF Gentile, T. R. Deweya, M. S. Mumm, H. P. Nico, J. S. Thompson, A. K. Chupp, T. E. Cooper, R. L. Fisher, B. M. Kremsky, I. Wietfeldt, F. E. Kiriluk, K. G. Beise, E. J. TI Particle and photon detection for a neutron radiative decay experiment SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th Symposium on Rediation Measurements and Applications CY MAY 23-26, 2006 CL Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI HO Univ Michigan DE gamma-ray; neutron decay; photodiode; radiative; scintillator ID SCINTILLATION DETECTION; AVALANCHE PHOTODIODES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; PERFORMANCE; MODE AB We present the particle and photon detection methods employed in a program to observe neutron radiative beta-decay. The experiment is located at the NG-6 beam line at the National Institute of Standards and Technology Center for Neutron Research. Electrons and protons are guided by a 4.6T magnetic field and detected by a silicon surface barrier detector. Photons with energies between 15 and 750keV are registered by a detector consisting of a bismuth germanate scintillator coupled to a large area avalanche photodiode. The photon detector operates at a temperature near 80 K in the bore of a superconducting magnet. We discuss CsI as an alternative scintillator, and avalanche photodiodes for direct detection of photons in the 0.1-10keV range. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gentile, TR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cooperrl@umich.edu NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 579 IS 1 BP 447 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2007.04.103 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 208VX UT WOS:000249348400108 ER PT J AU Biuw, M Boehme, L Guinet, C Hindell, M Costa, D Charrassin, JB Roquet, F Bailleul, F Meredith, M Thorpe, S Tremblay, Y McDonald, B Park, YH Rintoul, SR Bindoff, N Goebel, M Crocker, D Lovell, P Nicholson, J Monks, F Fedak, MA AF Biuw, M. Boehme, L. Guinet, C. Hindell, M. Costa, D. Charrassin, J. -B. Roquet, F. Bailleul, F. Meredith, M. Thorpe, S. Tremblay, Y. McDonald, B. Park, Y.-H. Rintoul, S. R. Bindoff, N. Goebel, M. Crocker, D. Lovell, P. Nicholson, J. Monks, F. Fedak, M. A. TI Variations in behavior and condition of a Southern Ocean top predator in relation to in situ oceanographic conditions SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE body condition; ocean observation; oceanography; elephant seals ID SEAL MIROUNGA-LEONINA; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; ELEPHANT SEALS; DIVING BEHAVIOR; FORAGING AREAS; MACQUARIE ISLAND; TEMPERATURE DATA; PHYTOPLANKTON; ECOLOGY; PUPS AB Responses by marine top predators to environmental variability have previously been almost impossible to observe directly. By using animal-mounted instruments simultaneously recording movements, diving behavior, and in situ oceanographic properties, we studied the behavioral and physiological responses of southern elephant seals to spatial environmental variability throughout their circumpolar range. Improved body condition of seals in the Atlantic sector was associated with Circumpolar Deep Water up welling regions within the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, whereas High-Salinity Shelf Waters or temperature/salinity gradients under winter pack ice were important in the Indian and Pacific sectors. Energetic consequences of these variations could help explain recently observed population trends, showing the usefulness of this approach in examining the sensitivity of top predators to global and regional-scale climate variability. C1 Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, Nat Environm Res Council, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. Ctr Natl Rech Sci, Ctr Etudes Biol Chize, F-79360 Beauvoir Sur Niort, France. Univ Tasmania, Sch Zool, Antartic Wildlife Res Unit, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Museum Natl Hist Nat, Lab Oceanog Phys, F-75231 Paris 05, France. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. CSIRO, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Ecosyst Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ Tasmania, Antartic Cooperat Res Ctr, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Antartic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. Valeport Ltd, Totnes TQ9 5EW, Devon, England. RP Biuw, M (reprint author), Norwegian Polar Res Inst, N-9296 Tromso, Norway. EM martin.biuw@npolar.no RI Boehme, Lars/B-6567-2009; Rintoul, Stephen /A-1471-2012; Roquet, Fabien/D-4848-2013; Hindell, Mark/K-1131-2013; Fedak, Michael/B-3987-2009; Bindoff, Nathaniel/C-8050-2011; OI Boehme, Lars/0000-0003-3513-6816; Rintoul, Stephen /0000-0002-7055-9876; Fedak, Michael/0000-0002-9569-1128; Bindoff, Nathaniel/0000-0001-5662-9519; Roquet, Fabien/0000-0003-1124-4564; Hindell, Mark/0000-0002-7823-7185 NR 53 TC 186 Z9 192 U1 1 U2 55 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 21 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 34 BP 13705 EP 13710 DI 10.1073/pnas.0701121104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 204SQ UT WOS:000249064700034 PM 17693555 ER PT J AU Delgado-Aparicio, LF Stutman, D Tritz, K Vero, R Finkenthal, M Suliman, G Kaita, R Majeski, R Stratton, B Roquemore, L Tarrio, C AF Delgado-Aparicio, L. F. Stutman, D. Tritz, K. Vero, R. Finkenthal, M. Suliman, G. Kaita, R. Majeski, R. Stratton, B. Roquemore, L. Tarrio, C. TI High-efficiency fast scintillators for "optical" soft x-ray arrays for laboratory plasma diagnostics SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DETECTORS; SPECTROSCOPY; RADIATION; PHOSPHORS; CSI(TL) AB Scintillator-based "optical" soft x-ray (OSXR) arrays have been investigated as a replacement for the conventional silicon (Si)-based diode arrays used for imaging, tomographic reconstruction, magnetohydrodynamics, transport, and turbulence studies in magnetically confined fusion plasma research. An experimental survey among several scintillator candidates was performed, measuring the relative and absolute conversion efficiencies of soft x rays to visible light. Further investigations took into account glass and fiber-optic faceplates (FOPs) as substrates, and a thin aluminum foil (150 nm) to reflect the visible light emitted by the scintillator back to the optical detector. Columnar (crystal growth) thallium-doped cesium iodide (CsI:TI) deposited on an FOP, was found to be the best candidate for the previously mentioned plasma diagnostics. Its luminescence decay time of the order of similar to 1-10 mu s is thus suitable for the 10 mu s time resolution required for the development of scintillator-based SXR plasma diagnostics. A prototype eight channel OSXR array using CsI:TI was designed, built, and compared to an absolute extreme ultraviolet diode counterpart: its operation on the National Spherical Torus Experiment showed a lower level of induced noise relative to the Si-based diode arrays, especially during neutral beam injection heated plasma discharges. The OSXR concept can also be implemented in less harsh environments for basic spectroscopic laboratory plasma diagnostics. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Plasma Spectroscopy Grp, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Princeton Plasma Phys Lab, Princeton, NJ 08543 USA. NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Delgado-Aparicio, LF (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Plasma Spectroscopy Grp, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM delgapa@pha.jhu.edu RI Stutman, Dan/P-4048-2015; Suliman, gabriel/B-1443-2017 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 24 BP 6069 EP 6075 DI 10.1364/AO.46.006069 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 210JP UT WOS:000249452800004 PM 17712368 ER PT J AU Castellanos-Beltrana, MA Lehnert, KW AF Castellanos-Beltrana, M. A. Lehnert, K. W. TI Widely tunable parametric amplifier based on a superconducting quantum interference device array resonator SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID JOSEPHSON-JUNCTIONS; AMPLIFICATION AB The authors create a Josephson parametric amplifier from a transmission line resonator whose inner conductor is made from a series of superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) array. By changing the magnetic flux through the SQUID loops, they are able to adjust the circuit's resonance frequency and the center of the amplified band between 4 and 7.8 GHz. They observe that the amplifier has gains as large as 28 dB and infers that it adds less than twice the input vacuum noise. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Castellanos-Beltrana, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM castellm@colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 NR 13 TC 133 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 20 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 8 AR 083509 DI 10.1063/1.2773988 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 203OV UT WOS:000248984800099 ER PT J AU Alvine, KJ Ding, YF Ro, HW Okerberg, B Douglas, JF Karim, A Hines, D Soles, C AF Alvine, Kyle J. Ding, Yifu Ro, Hyun Wook Okerberg, Brian Douglas, Jack F. Karim, Alamgir Hines, Daniel Soles, Christopher TI Thermal stability and relaxation of polymeric nanoimprinted structures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Alvine, Kyle J.; Ding, Yifu; Ro, Hyun Wook; Okerberg, Brian; Douglas, Jack F.; Karim, Alamgir; Soles, Christopher] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hines, Daniel] Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM kalvine@nist.gov; yding@nist.gov; hyunwook.ro@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov; alamgir.karim@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 539-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905499 ER PT J AU Bauer, BJ Hedden, RC Silverstein, MS Lee, HJ Soles, CL Liu, DW Lin, EK Wu, WL AF Bauer, Barry J. Hedden, Ronald C. Silverstein, Michael S. Lee, Hae-Jeong Soles, Christopher L. Liu, Da-Wei Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-Li TI Neutron and x-ray measurements of pore size distributions in low-k thin films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bauer, Barry J.; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Soles, Christopher L.; Liu, Da-Wei; Lin, Eric K.; Wu, Wen-Li] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hedden, Ronald C.] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Silverstein, Michael S.] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Mat Engn, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. EM barry.bauer@nist.gov; hedden@matse.psu.edu; michaels@tx.technion.ac.il; hae-jeong.lee@nist.gov; csoles@nist.gov; da-wei.liu@nist.gov; eric.lin@nist.gov; wenli@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 447-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905441 ER PT J AU Becker, ML Aamer, KA Gallant, ND Morgan, AW Simon, CG Roskov, KE Yang, YY AF Becker, Matthew L. Aamer, Khaled A. Gallant, Nathan D. Morgan, Abby W. Simon, Carl G., Jr. Roskov, Kristen E. Yang, Yanyin TI Identifying "optimal" biomaterial properties using well-defined material gradients SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Becker, Matthew L.; Aamer, Khaled A.; Gallant, Nathan D.; Morgan, Abby W.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.; Roskov, Kristen E.; Yang, Yanyin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.becker@nist.gov; nathan.gallant@nist.gov; kristen.roskov@nist.gov RI Whittington, Abby/D-9266-2014 OI Whittington, Abby/0000-0001-7401-7209 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 464-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905795 ER PT J AU Bedner, M Sander, LC Sharpless, KS AF Bedner, Mary Sander, Lane C. Sharpless, Katherine S. TI AGFD 190-LC/MS determination of phytosterols in NIST standard reference materials comprised of saw palmetto SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bedner, Mary; Sander, Lane C.; Sharpless, Katherine S.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.bedner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 190-AGFD PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593900298 ER PT J AU Beekman, M Nolas, GS Kaduk, JA Huang, Q Wong-Ng, W Yang, Z AF Beekman, Matt Nolas, George S. Kaduk, James A. Huang, Qing Wong-Ng, Winnie Yang, Zhi TI INOR 863-Synthesis and characterization of a new Na-Ge zeolite-like framework phase, Na1-xGe3+z SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Beekman, Matt; Nolas, George S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Phys, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Kaduk, James A.] INEOS Technol, Naperville, IL 60566 USA. [Huang, Qing; Wong-Ng, Winnie; Yang, Zhi] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mbeekman@cas.usf.edu; gnolas@cas.usf.edu RI Beekman, Matt/I-4470-2014 OI Beekman, Matt/0000-0001-9694-2286 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 863-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593909027 ER PT J AU Bowles, SE Shim, I Benkoski, JJ Karim, A Kowalewski, T Schalnat, M Davis, RJ Pemberton, JA Pyun, J AF Bowles, Steven E. Shim, Inbo Benkoski, Jason J. Karim, Alamgir Kowalewski, Tomasz Schalnat, Matthew Davis, Robert J. Pemberton, Jeanne A. Pyun, Jeffrey TI Magnetic assembly of functionalized ferromagnetic colloids as templates for 1-D ordered mesostructures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bowles, Steven E.; Shim, Inbo; Schalnat, Matthew; Davis, Robert J.; Pemberton, Jeanne A.; Pyun, Jeffrey] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Benkoski, Jason J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Karim, Alamgir] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kowalewski, Tomasz] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sbowles1@email.arizona.edu; ibshim9@email.arizona.edu; benkoski@mrl.ucsb.edu; alamgir.karim@nist.gov; tomek@andrew.cmu.edu; rjdavis@email.arizona.edu; pyun@email.arizona.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 124-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905794 ER PT J AU Briggman, KA Wolf, LK AF Briggman, Kimberly A. Wolf, Lauren K. TI ANYL 200-Nonlinear optical studies of drug-membrane interactions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Briggman, Kimberly A.; Wolf, Lauren K.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kbriggma@nist.gov; lauren.wolf@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 200-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901391 ER PT J AU Burkey, TJ Duke, CB To, TT Heilweil, EJ AF Burkey, Theodore J. Duke, Charles B., III To, Tung T. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI INOR 846-Preparation and studies of the first organometallic chromium system that is photochromic and bistable SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Burkey, Theodore J.; Duke, Charles B., III] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [To, Tung T.; Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tburkey@memphis.edu; tung.to@nist.gov; edwin.heilweil@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 846-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593909480 ER PT J AU Caplins, BW Gutowski, TA Stromberg, CJ Heilweil, EJ AF Caplins, Benjamin W. Gutowski, Tiffany A. Stromberg, Christopher J. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI Infrared and Raman spectroscopy of biomimetic catalysts for the production of hydrogen SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Caplins, Benjamin W.; Gutowski, Tiffany A.; Stromberg, Christopher J.] Hood Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stromberg@hood.edu; edwin.heilweil@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 341-CHED PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593904118 ER PT J AU Chan, ER Nablo, BJ Nguyen, TL Kasianowicz, JJ Stanford, VM AF Chan, Elaine R. Nablo, Brian J. Nguyen, Tam L. Kasianowicz, John J. Stanford, Vincent M. TI PHYS 714-Insights on the structural properties of the anthrax ion channel from electrophysiological measurements and modeling SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chan, Elaine R.; Nablo, Brian J.; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nguyen, Tam L.] NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Nguyen, Tam L.] SAIC Frederick, Target Based Drug Discovery Grp, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Stanford, Vincent M.] NIST, Informat Access Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elaine.chan@nist.gov; brian.nablo@nist.gov; nguyent@ncifcrf.gov; john.kasianowicz@nist.gov; vincent.stanford@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 714-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593907593 ER PT J AU Chan, YH Liang, G Mirin, RP Batteas, JD AF Chan, Yang-Hsiang Liang, Gang Mirin, Richard P. Batteas, James D. TI COLL 166-Nanopatterning of GaAs surfaces using scanning probe lithography SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chan, Yang-Hsiang; Batteas, James D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Liang, Gang] Univ Houston, Dept Chem, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Mirin, Richard P.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yhchan@mail.chem.tamu.edu; Gang.Liang@mail.uh.edu; mirin@boulder.nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 166-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902311 ER PT J AU Choi, SM Kim, TH Doe, C Kline, SR AF Choi, Sung-Min Kim, Tae-Hwan Doe, Changwoo Kline, Steven R. TI COLL 348-Non-covalent functionalization of single-wall carbon nanotubes by in situ polymerization of micelles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Choi, Sung-Min; Kim, Tae-Hwan; Doe, Changwoo] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucelar & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sungmin@kaist.ac.kr; great_salt@kaist.ac.kr; dokira@kaist.ac.kr; srkline@nist.gov RI Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011 OI Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 348-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902282 ER PT J AU Dubin, PL Kumar, A Li, YJ Hernon, M Jaeger, W Butler, PD AF Dubin, Paul L. Kumar, Anil Li, Yajuan Hernon, Michael Jaeger, Werner Butler, Paul D. TI COLL 57-Phase behavior in systems of polyelectrolytes and oppositely charged micelles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Dubin, Paul L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Chem, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Jaeger, Werner] Fraunhofer Inst Angew Polymerforsch, D-14513 Teltow, Germany. [Butler, Paul D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dubin@chem.umass.edu; anilcoc2005@yahoo.co.in; yajuan@chem.umass.edu; mhernon@student.umass.edu; jaeger@iap.fhg.de; butler@nist.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 57-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902436 ER PT J AU Epps, TH Lawson, JN Scherr, T DeLongchamp, DM Fasolka, MJ AF Epps, Thomas H., III Lawson, Julie N. Scherr, Thomas DeLongchamp, Dean M. Fasolka, Michael J. TI CMA 5-Gradient approaches to the examination of surface energy effects on triblock copolymer thin films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Epps, Thomas H., III; Lawson, Julie N.; Scherr, Thomas] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Fasolka, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thepps@udel.edu; dean.delongchamp@nist.gov; michael.fasolka@nist.gov RI Epps, Thomas/B-7337-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 5-CMA PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901746 ER PT J AU Fagan, J Becker, ML Chun, J Bauer, BJ Hobbie, EK AF Fagan, Jeffrey Becker, Matthew L. Chun, Jaehun Bauer, Barry J. Hobbie, Erik K. TI ANYL 15-Length fractionation of carbon nanotubes using centrifugation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Fagan, Jeffrey; Becker, Matthew L.; Bauer, Barry J.; Hobbie, Erik K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov; matthew.becker@nist.gov; barry.bauer@nist.gov; erik.hobbie@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 15-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901070 ER PT J AU Gaigalas, AK Cole, KD Almeida, J AF Gaigalas, Adolfas K. Cole, Kenneth D. Almeida, Jamie TI ANYL 465-Native fluorescence of proteins as a real time monitor of the inactivation of ricin and model enzymes by disinfectants SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gaigalas, Adolfas K.; Cole, Kenneth D.; Almeida, Jamie] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov; Kenneth.Cole@nist.gov; jamie.almeida@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 465-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901150 ER PT J AU Genson, KL Fasolka, MJ AF Genson, Kirsten L. Fasolka, Michael J. TI Micropatterned self-assembled monolayer gradient libraries SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Genson, Kirsten L.; Fasolka, Michael J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kirsten.genson@nist.gov; michael.fasolka@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 466-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905483 ER PT J AU Greene, ME Mushero, N Jianyong, T Gershenson, A Goldner, LS AF Greene, Mark E. Mushero, Nicole Jianyong, Tang Gershenson, Anne Goldner, Lori S. TI PHYS 703-Fluorescence characterization of protease inactivation using single molecules confined in optically trapped aqueous nanodroplets SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Greene, Mark E.; Jianyong, Tang; Goldner, Lori S.] NIST, Optic Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mushero, Nicole; Gershenson, Anne] Brandeis Univ, Dept Chem, Waltham, MA 02454 USA. EM mark.greene@nist.gov; nicolem@brandeis.edu; jianyong.tang@nist.gov; gershenson@brandeis.edu; lori.goldner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 703-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593907456 ER PT J AU Hacker, CA Richter, CA Richter, LJ Gergel-Hackett, N AF Hacker, Christina A. Richter, Curt A. Richter, Lee J. Gergel-Hackett, Nadine TI COLL 415-Metal-molecule interface reactions for silicon-based molecular electronic devices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hacker, Christina A.; Richter, Curt A.; Gergel-Hackett, Nadine] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christina.hacker@nist.gov; curt.richter@nist.gov; lee.richter@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 415-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902279 ER PT J AU He, HJ Pires, R Zhu, TN Zhou, AH Gaigalas, AK Zou, S Wang, LL AF He, Hua-Jun Pires, Richard Zhu, Tie-Nian Zhou, Anhong Gaigalas, Adolfas K. Zou, Sige Wang, Lili TI ANYL 420-Fluorescence resonance energy transfer based method for detection of DNA binding activities of nuclear factor kappa B SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [He, Hua-Jun; Gaigalas, Adolfas K.; Wang, Lili] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pires, Richard] Montgomery Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Zhu, Tie-Nian] NIA, NIH, Clin Invest Lab, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. [Zhou, Anhong] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol & Irrigat Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Zou, Sige] NIA, NIH, Lab Expt Gerontol, Baltimore, MD 21224 USA. EM hua.he@nist.gov; zhuti@mail.nih.gov; adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov; zous@grc.nia.nih.gov; lili.wang@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 420-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901012 ER PT J AU Karabiyik, U Mao, M Esker, AR Satija, S AF Karabiyik, Ufuk Mao, Min Esker, Alan R. Satija, S. TI POLY 611-Determination of thickness and refractive indices of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane thin films by multiple incident media ellipsometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Karabiyik, Ufuk; Mao, Min; Esker, Alan R.] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem 0212, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Satija, S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ukarabiy@vt.edu; mmao@vt.edu; aesker@vt.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 611-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593908488 ER PT J AU Karim, A AF Karim, Alamgir TI COLL 529-Nanoparticle directed self-assembly of block-copolymer thin films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Karim, Alamgir] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alamgir.karim@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 529-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902462 ER PT J AU Kasianowicz, JJ Robertson, J Stanford, VM McGillivray, DJ Valincius, G Heinrich, F Vanderah, DJ Febo-Ayala, W Ignatiev, I Losche, M AF Kasianowicz, John J. Robertson, Joseph Stanford, Vincent M. McGillivray, Duncan J. Valincius, Gintaras Heinrich, Frank Vanderah, David J. Febo-Ayala, Wilma Ignatiev, Ilja Losche, Mathias TI PHYS 146-Structure of a protein ion channel in tethered bilayer membranes and electronic measurements of single molecules with solitary nanopores SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kasianowicz, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Valincius, Gintaras; Ignatiev, Ilja] Vilnius Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Losche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM john.kasianowicz@nist.gov RI McGillivray, Duncan/B-9819-2009 OI McGillivray, Duncan/0000-0003-2127-8792 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 146-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593907566 ER PT J AU Kaye, SS Hartman, M Peterson, VK Liu, Y Long, JR AF Kaye, Steven S. Hartman, Michael Peterson, Vanessa K. Liu, Yun Long, Jeffrey R. TI INOR 157-Hydrogen storage in microporous coordination solids with unsaturated metal centers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Kaye, Steven S.; Long, Jeffrey R.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Hartman, Michael; Peterson, Vanessa K.; Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.hartman@nist.gov; yunliu@nist.gov; jrlong@berkeley.edu RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 157-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593908870 ER PT J AU Khoury, F AF Khoury, F. TI On the crystallization habits and morphology of Nylon 66 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Khoury, F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Washington, DC 20015 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 36-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905382 ER PT J AU Koo, J Shin, K Seo, YS Koga, T Park, S Satija, SK Chen, XM Yoon, K Hsiao, BS Calev, H Sokolov, J Rafailovich, M AF Koo, Jaseung Shin, Kwanwoo Seo, Young-Soo Koga, Tadanori Park, Seongchan Satija, Sushil K. Chen, Xuming Yoon, Kyunghwan Hsiao, Benjamin S. Calev, Hila Sokolov, Jonathan Rafailovich, Miriam TI COLL 244-Control of dewetting dynamics at a polymer-polymer interface by adding multiwalled carbon nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Koga, Tadanori] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Chem Engn Program, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Shin, Kwanwoo] Sogang Univ, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Seo, Young-Soo] Sejong Univ, Dept Nano Sci & Technol, Seoul 143747, South Korea. [Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20854 USA. [Chen, Xuming; Yoon, Kyunghwan; Hsiao, Benjamin S.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Chem, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Calev, Hila] Ward Melville High Sch, E Setauket, NY 11733 USA. EM jkoo@ic.sunysb.edu; kwshin@sogang.ac.kr; ysseo@sejong.ac.kr; tkoga@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; satija@nist.gov; xuchen@ic.sunysb.edu; Kyunghwan.Yoon@sunysb.edu; bhsiao@notes.cc.sunysb.edu; acalev@optonline.net RI Shin, Kwanwoo /C-4979-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 244-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902337 ER PT J AU Lee, YJ Cicerone, MT AF Lee, Young Jong Cicerone, Marcus T. TI ANYL 336-New approach to broadband CARS generation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, Young Jong; Cicerone, Marcus T.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM youngjong.lee@nist.gov; cicerone@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 336-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901430 ER PT J AU Lee, YS Nocera, DG Helton, JS Matan, K Shores, MP Nytko, EA Bartlett, BM Grohol, D Lynn, J Qiu, Y Chung, JH Nagler, SE Takano, Y AF Lee, Young S. Nocera, Daniel G. Helton, J. S. Matan, K. Shores, M. P. Nytko, Emily A. Bartlett, Bart M. Grohol, D. Lynn, J. Qiu, Y. Chung, J. H. Nagler, S. E. Takano, Y. TI INOR 421-The physics of frustration on the kagome lattice: The quest for the quantum spin liquid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lee, Young S.; Helton, J. S.; Matan, K.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Nocera, Daniel G.; Shores, M. P.; Nytko, Emily A.; Bartlett, Bart M.; Grohol, D.] MIT, Dept Chem, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lynn, J.; Qiu, Y.; Chung, J. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagler, S. E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Takano, Y.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. EM younglee@mit.edu; nocera@mit.edu; enytko@mit.edu; bartlett@mit.edu; naglerse@ornl.gov; takano@phys.ufl.edu RI Nagler, Stephen/E-4908-2010 OI Nagler, Stephen/0000-0002-7234-2339 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 421-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593909748 ER PT J AU Liao, LB Pires, R Zhou, AH Wang, Y Wang, LL AF Liao, Longbiao Pires, Richard Zhou, Anhong Wang, Yu Wang, Lili TI ANYL 149-Highly sensitive quencher-free molecular beacon for probing oxidatively damaged DNA SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liao, Longbiao; Zhou, Anhong; Wang, Yu] Utah State Univ, Dept Biol & Irrigat Engn, Logan, UT 84322 USA. [Pires, Richard] Montgomery Coll, Dept Nat Sci, Germantown, MD 20876 USA. [Wang, Lili] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lili.wang@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 149-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901255 ER PT J AU Lin-Gibson, S Sun, JR AF Lin-Gibson, Sheng Sun, Jirun TI POLY 634-Polymerization shrinkage of polymeric dental composites characterized by X-ray microcomputed tomography SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Sun, Jirun] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 634-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593908574 ER PT J AU Marino, JP AF Marino, John P. TI COMP 26-RNA and protein structural requirements in NCp7 chaperoned HIV-1 DIS maturation SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Marino, John P.] NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM marino@umbi.umd.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 26-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593906431 ER PT J AU Mirin, RP Stevens, MJ AF Mirin, Richard P. Stevens, Martin J. TI COLL 493-On-demand single photon sources using epitaxial quantum dots SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mirin, Richard P.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mirin@boulder.nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 493-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902139 ER PT J AU Page, KA Patton, DL Huang, R Stafford, CM AF Page, Kirt A. Patton, Derek L. Huang, Rui Stafford, Christopher M. TI Dynamics of confined polymer films measured via thermal wrinkling SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Page, Kirt A.; Patton, Derek L.; Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huang, Rui] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM ruihuang@mail.utexas.edu; chris.stafford@nist.gov RI Huang, Rui/B-1627-2008 OI Huang, Rui/0000-0003-0328-3862 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 439-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905670 ER PT J AU Pakstis, LM Pochan, DJ Dunkers, JP AF Pakstis, Lisa M. Pochan, Darrin J. Dunkers, Joy P. TI Understanding how materials properties can be used to control cellular behavior SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Pakstis, Lisa M.; Dunkers, Joy P.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pochan, Darrin J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM lisa.pakstis@nist.gov; pochan@udel.edu; joy.dunkers@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 462-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905643 ER PT J AU Park, JK Page, KA Hussey, DS Moore, RB AF Park, Jong Keun Page, Kirt A. Hussey, Daniel S. Moore, Robert B. TI POLY 681-Neutron imaging of an electrically-stimulated water gradient in ionic polymer metal composite actuators SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Park, Jong Keun; Moore, Robert B.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Polymer Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Page, Kirt A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jong-Keun.Park@usm.edu; daniel.hussey@nist.gov; rbmoore@usm.edu RI Moore, Robert/E-9619-2011 OI Moore, Robert/0000-0001-9057-7695 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 681-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593908526 ER PT J AU Park, J Kadalbajoo, M Opdahl, A Suda, H Kitchens, CA Garno, JC Batteas, JD Tarlov, MJ DeShong, P AF Park, Juhee Kadalbajoo, Mridula Opdahl, Aric Suda, Hiromi Kitchens, Carolyn A. Garno, Jayne C. Batteas, James D. Tarlov, Michael J. DeShong, Philip TI COLL 432-Surface functionalization of gold with carbohydrate conjugates for applications to nano- and biotechnology SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Park, Juhee; Kadalbajoo, Mridula; DeShong, Philip] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Opdahl, Aric] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, La Crosse, WI 54601 USA. [Suda, Hiromi; Kitchens, Carolyn A.; Tarlov, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Garno, Jayne C.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Batteas, James D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77842 USA. EM opdahl.aric@uwlax.edu; jgarno@lsu.edu; michael.tarlov@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 432-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902252 ER PT J AU Patrick, A Dong, X Blaisten-Barojas, E Hasmy, A Allison, TC AF Patrick, Anthony Dong, Xiao Blaisten-Barojas, Estela Hasmy, Anwar Allison, Thomas C. TI PHYS 456-Silicon carbide nanostructures: A tight-binding approach SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Patrick, Anthony; Dong, Xiao; Blaisten-Barojas, Estela] George Mason Univ, Sch Computat Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Hasmy, Anwar] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Allison, Thomas C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM blaisten@gmu.edu; blasisten@gmu.edu; blaisten@gmu.edu; thomas.allison@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 456-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593907709 ER PT J AU Patton, DL Page, KA Genson, KL Fasolka, MJ Beers, KL AF Patton, Derek L. Page, Kirt A. Genson, Kirsten L. Fasolka, Michael J. Beers, Kathryn L. TI POLY 252-Reactivity ratios in surface-initiated copolymerizations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Patton, Derek L.; Page, Kirt A.; Genson, Kirsten L.; Fasolka, Michael J.; Beers, Kathryn L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kirsten.genson@nist.gov; michael.fasolka@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 252-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593908533 ER PT J AU Phinney, KW Bedner, M Dodder, NG Nelson, BC Rimmer, CA Sander, LC Sharpless, KE Tai, SSC Wise, SA AF Phinney, Karen W. Bedner, Mary Dodder, Nathan G. Nelson, Bryant C. Rimmer, Catherine A. Sander, Lane C. Sharpless, Katherine E. Tai, Susan S-C Wise, Stephen A. TI ANYL 303-Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods for clinical analytes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Bedner, Mary; Dodder, Nathan G.; Nelson, Bryant C.; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Sander, Lane C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Tai, Susan S-C; Wise, Stephen A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karen.phinney@nist.gov; mary.bedner@nist.gov; nathan.dodder@nist.gov; catherine.rimmer@nist.gov; lane.sander@nist.gov; katherine.sharpless@nist.gov; susan.tai@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 303-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901165 ER PT J AU Reiner, JE Jahn, A Vreeland, WN Locascio, LE Kasianowicz, JJ Gaitan, M AF Reiner, Joseph E. Jahn, Andreas Vreeland, Wyatt N. Locascio, Laurie E. Kasianowicz, John J. Gaitan, Michael TI PHYS 597-Liposome characterization using fluorescence cumulant analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reiner, Joseph E.; Jahn, Andreas; Kasianowicz, John J.; Gaitan, Michael] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vreeland, Wyatt N.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Locascio, Laurie E.] Natl Inst Stand, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM joseph.reiner@nist.gov; laurie.locascio@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 597-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593907307 ER PT J AU Reipa, V AF Reipa, Vytas TI ANYL 447-Heterogeneous charge transfer in the redox biomolecule studies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Reipa, Vytas] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vytas@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 447-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901005 ER PT J AU Richter, LJ AF Richter, Lee J. TI COLL 453-Molecular characterization of organic semiconductors for thin film transistors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Richter, Lee J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lee.richter@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 453-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902190 ER PT J AU Ro, HW Lee, HJ Karim, A Gidley, DW Yoon, DY Soles, CL AF Ro, Hyun Wook Lee, Hae-Jeong Karim, Alamgir Gidley, David W. Yoon, Do Y. Soles, Christopher L. TI Nanoimprint patterning of high modulus, spin-on organosilicate glasses: The impact on pattern quality and porosity SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Ro, Hyun Wook; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Karim, Alamgir; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gidley, David W.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Yoon, Do Y.] Seoul Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 151741, South Korea. EM hyunwook.ro@nist.gov; alamgir.karim@nist.gov; gidley@umich.edu; dyyoon@snu.ac.kr; csoles@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 448-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905747 ER PT J AU Robertson, JWF Stanford, VM Krasilnikov, OV Rodrigues, CG Kasianowicz, JJ AF Robertson, Joseph W. F. Stanford, Vincent M. Krasilnikov, Oleg V. Rodrigues, Claudio G. Kasianowicz, John J. TI ANYL 376-Single molecule mass spectrometry in solution using a solitary nanopore SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Kasianowicz, John J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stanford, Vincent M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Access Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krasilnikov, Oleg V.; Rodrigues, Claudio G.] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. EM joseph.robertson@nist.gov; vincent.stanford@nist.gov; john.kasianowicz@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 376-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901339 ER PT J AU Roy, MD Amis, EJ Becker, ML AF Roy, Marc D. Amis, Eric J. Becker, Matthew L. TI Engineering ligands for characterizing biomaterials using combinatorial phage display SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Roy, Marc D.; Amis, Eric J.; Becker, Matthew L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Marc.Roy@nist.gov; eric.amis@nist.gov; matthew.becker@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 431-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905790 ER PT J AU Roy, MD Lacerda, SH Jakupciak, JP Hwang, JC Becker, ML AF Roy, Marc D. Lacerda, Silvia H. Jakupciak, John P. Hwang, Jeeseong C. Becker, Matthew L. TI COLL 152-Imaging telomerase in situ using aptamer-derivatized quantum dots SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Roy, Marc D.; Lacerda, Silvia H.; Becker, Matthew L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jakupciak, John P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. [Hwang, Jeeseong C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20879 USA. EM Marc.Roy@nist.gov; jeeseong.hwang@nist.gov; matthew.becker@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 152-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902394 ER PT J AU Saykally, RJ Cappa, CD Schwartz, CP Smith, JD Messer, BM AF Saykally, Richard J. Cappa, Christopher D. Schwartz, Craig P. Smith, Jared D. Messer, Benjamin M. TI New insights into the hydration of aqueous ions from X-ray absorption spectroscopy of liquid microjets SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Saykally, Richard J.; Schwartz, Craig P.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Cappa, Christopher D.] NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. [Messer, Benjamin M.] Univ So Calif, Dept Chem, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM saykally@berkeley.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 276-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593907033 ER PT J AU Schmidt, G Schexnailder, P Loizou, E Butler, P Porcar, L AF Schmidt, Gudrun Schexnailder, Patrick Loizou, Elena Butler, Paul Porcar, Lionel TI POLY 613-Viscoelastic nanocomposite hydrogels: Influence of polymer Mw and ionic strength on structure SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Schmidt, Gudrun] Purdue Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Loizou, Elena] Louisiana State Univ, Baton Rouge, MD 70803 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gudrun@purdue.edu; pschexna@purdue.edu; eloizo1@lsu.edu; paul.butler@nist.gov; lionel.porcar@nist.gov RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 613-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593908462 ER PT J AU Scott, K AF Scott, Keana TI ANYL 425-Synthetic elemental maps of cellular components using Monte Carlo simulations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Scott, Keana] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM keana.scott@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 425-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901130 ER PT J AU Semerjian, HG AF Semerjian, Hratch G. TI COMSCI 3-International cooperation to ensure comparability of chemical measurements worldwide SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Semerjian, Hratch G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hratch@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 3-COMSCI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901759 ER PT J AU Spatz, R Zeisler, R Greenberg, R AF Spatz, Rabia Zeisler, Rolf Greenberg, Robert TI ENVR 138-Homogenization studies for new soil standard reference materials (SRM) by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Spatz, Rabia; Zeisler, Rolf; Greenberg, Robert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rabia@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 138-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902636 ER PT J AU Sun, JR Lin, NJ Cicerone, MT Lin-Gibson, S AF Sun, Jirun Lin, Nancy J. Cicerone, Marcus T. Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI Mapping cell distribution in amorphous scaffolds using confocal microscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Sun, Jirun; Lin, Nancy J.; Cicerone, Marcus T.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov; slgibson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 461-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593905651 ER PT J AU Tang, JY Jofre, AM Kishore, R Lowman, GM Greene, ME Reiner, JE Helmerson, K Goldner, LS AF Tang, Jianyong Jofre, Ana M. Kishore, Rani Lowman, Geoffrey M. Greene, Mark E. Reiner, Joseph E. Helmerson, Kristian Goldner, Lori S. TI PHYS 613-Single molecule manipulation and detection in monodisperse sub-femtoliter bioreactors SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tang, Jianyong; Lowman, Geoffrey M.; Greene, Mark E.; Goldner, Lori S.] NIST, Optic Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jofre, Ana M.; Kishore, Rani; Helmerson, Kristian] NIST, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reiner, Joseph E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jtang@nist.gov; mark.greene@nist.gov; joseph.reiner@nist.gov; lori.goldner@nist.gov RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 613-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593907390 ER PT J AU To, TT Duke, CB Burkey, TJ Heilweil, EJ AF To, Tung T. Duke, Charles B., III Burkey, Theodore J. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI PHYS 324-Synthesis and ultrafast chelation dynamics of organomanganese and organochromium complexes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [To, Tung T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Optic Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Duke, Charles B., III; Burkey, Theodore J.] Univ Memphis, Dept Chem, Memphis, TN 38152 USA. [Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Optic Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tung.to@nist.gov; tburkey@memphis.edu; edwin.heilweil@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 324-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593907719 ER PT J AU Trammell, SA Seferos, DS Moore, M Lowy, DA Bazan, GC Kushmerick, JG Lebedev, N AF Trammell, Scott A. Seferos, Dwight S. Moore, Martin Lowy, Daniel A. Bazan, Guillermo C. Kushmerick, James G. Lebedev, Nikolai TI ANYL 451-Rapid proton-coupled electron-transfer of hydroquinone through de-localized bridges: Implications for bioelectronic device applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Trammell, Scott A.; Moore, Martin; Lebedev, Nikolai] USN, Res Lab, Ctr Biomol Sci & Engn, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Seferos, Dwight S.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Seferos, Dwight S.] Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Lowy, Daniel A.] Nova Res Inc, Alexandria, VA 22308 USA. [Bazan, Guillermo C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Chem & Biochem, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Kushmerick, James G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM trammell@nrl.navy.mil; james.kushmerick@nist.gov RI Bazan, Guillermo/B-7625-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 451-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901277 ER PT J AU Tsang, W AF Tsang, Wing TI FUEL 255-Mechanisms and rate constants for the pyrolysis of radicals from liquid transportation fuels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Tsang, Wing] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wing.tsang@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 255-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593903616 ER PT J AU Vergne, MJ Bunk, DM Phinney, KW AF Vergne, Matthew J. Bunk, David M. Phinney, Karen W. TI ANYL 429-Mass spectrometry studies on the reproducibility of enzymatic digestion of model proteins SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Vergne, Matthew J.; Bunk, David M.; Phinney, Karen W.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM matthew.vergne@nist.gov; david.bunk@nist.gov; karen.phinney@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 429-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901105 ER PT J AU Wagner, NJ Nettesheim, F Helgeson, ME Porcar, L AF Wagner, Norman J. Nettesheim, Florian Helgeson, Matthew E. Porcar, Lionel TI COLL 288-Microstructure of shear-banding wormlike micellar solutions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wagner, Norman J.; Nettesheim, Florian; Helgeson, Matthew E.] Univ Delaware, Ctr Mol & Engn Thermodynam, Colburn Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wagnernj@udel.edu; netteshe@che.udel.edu; lionel.porcar@nist.gov RI Wagner, Norman/B-6558-2012 OI Wagner, Norman/0000-0001-9565-619X NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 288-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593902030 ER PT J AU Wang, LL Cole, KD He, HJ Peterson, A Zong, YP AF Wang, Lili Cole, Kenneth D. He, Hua-Jun Peterson, Alexander Zong, Yaping TI ANYL 321-Comparison of Interleukin-4 quantification using protein microarrays, suspension arrays, and surface plasmon resonance SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wang, Lili; Cole, Kenneth D.; He, Hua-Jun; Peterson, Alexander] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zong, Yaping] Full Moon BioSyst Inc, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. EM lili.wang@nist.gov; Kenneth.Cole@nist.gov; hua.he@nist.gov; alex2@nist.gov; YZong@fullmoonbiosystems.com NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 321-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901114 ER PT J AU Weber, A AF Weber, Alfons TI HIST 20-Vibrational and vibration-rotational molecular spectroscopy 1900-1960 SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Weber, Alfons] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aweber@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 20-HIST PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901819 ER PT J AU Wolf, LK Briggman, KA AF Wolf, Lauren K. Briggman, Kimberly A. TI ANYL 394-Doubly-resonant sum-frequency generation spectroscopy for the study of molecular structure at biological interfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wolf, Lauren K.; Briggman, Kimberly A.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lauren.wolf@nist.gov; kbriggma@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 19 PY 2007 VL 234 MA 394-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA V12IW UT WOS:000207593901313 ER PT J AU McNeil, BI Metzl, N Key, RM Matear, RJ Corbiere, A AF McNeil, Ben I. Metzl, Nicolas Key, Robert M. Matear, Richard J. Corbiere, Antoine TI An empirical estimate of the Southern Ocean air-sea CO2 flux SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; TOTAL INORGANIC CARBON; POLAR FRONTAL ZONES; DISSOCIATION-CONSTANTS; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; EAST ANTARCTICA; INDIAN-OCEAN; WATER COLUMN; ACID; SEAWATER AB Despite improvements in our understanding of the Southern Ocean air-sea flux of CO2, discrepancies still exist between a variety of differing ocean/atmosphere methodologies. Here we employ an independent method to estimate the Southern Ocean air-sea flux of CO2 that exploits all available surface ocean measurements for dissolved inorganic carbon ( DIC) and total alkalinity ( ALK) beyond 1986. The DIC concentrations were normalized to the year 1995 using coinciding CFC measurements in order to account for the anthropogenic CO2 signal. We show that independent of season, surface-normalized DIC and ALK can be empirically predicted to within similar to 8 mu mol/kg using standard hydrographic properties. The predictive equations were used in conjunction with World Ocean Atlas ( 2001) climatologies to give a first estimate of the annual cycle of DIC and ALK in the surface Southern Ocean. These seasonal distributions will be very useful in both validating biogeochemistry in general circulation models and for use in situ biological studies within the Southern Ocean. Using optimal CO2 dissociation constants, we then estimate an annual cycle of pCO(2) and associated net air-sea CO2 flux. Including the effects of sea ice, we estimate a Southern Ocean (> 50 degrees S) CO2 sink of 0.4 +/- 0.25 Pg C/yr. Our analysis also indicates a substantial CO2 sink of 1.1 +/- 0.6 Pg C/yr within the sub-Antarctic zone ( 40 degrees S - 50 degrees S), associated with strong cooling and high winds. Our results imply the Southern Ocean CO2 flux south of 50 degrees S to be very similar to those found by Takahashi et al. ( 2002), but on the higher end of a range of atmospheric/oceanic CO2 inversion methodologies. This paper estimates for the first time basic seasonal carbon cycle parameters within the circumpolar Southern Ocean, which have up to now been extremely difficult to measure and sparse. The application of such an empirical technique using more widely available hydrographic parameters in the Southern Ocean provides an important independent estimate to not only CO2 uptake, but also for other future biogeochemical studies. Refining and testing these empirical methods with new carbon measurements will be important to further reduce uncertainties and extend our understanding of Southern Ocean CO2 dynamics. C1 Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7159, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace,LOCEAN IPSL, F-75252 Paris 5, France. Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. CSIRO, Div Marine Res, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. Univ New S Wales, Sch Math, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. RP McNeil, BI (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, UMR 7159, Inst Pierre Simon Laplace,LOCEAN IPSL, Case 100,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 5, France. EM b.mcneil@unsw.edu.au; metzl@ccr.jussieu.fr; key@princeton.edu; richard.matear@csiro.au; corbiere@ccr.jussieu.fr RI matear, richard/C-5133-2011; OI McNeil, Ben/0000-0001-5765-7087 NR 48 TC 56 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 18 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 AR GB3011 DI 10.1029/2007GB002991 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 202JG UT WOS:000248897200001 ER PT J AU Iniguez, J Zhou, W Yildirim, T AF Iniguez, Jorge Zhou, Wei Yildirim, Taner TI Vibrational properties of TiHn complexes adsorbed on carbon nanostructures SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; GAS AB According to recent theoretical studies, carbon nanostructures decorated with light transition metals could provide a route towards room temperature reversible hydrogen storage, a major roadblock for fuel-cell powered vehicles. Vibrational spectroscopies are the ideal experimental techniques to confirm the recent predictions of a metal-hydrogen bond of about 0.5 eV per H-2 molecule, which is expected to enable H-2 desorption at moderate temperatures. Here, we report first-principles results of the vibrational spectrum of representative systems, namely, TiHn complexes adsorbed on fullerenes. The obtained distinctive features should be found in a successful experimental realization of these materials. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 CSIC, ICMAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Iniguez, J (reprint author), CSIC, ICMAB, Campus UAB, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain. EM jiniguez@icmab.es RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Iniguez, Jorge/B-6856-2009 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; Iniguez, Jorge/0000-0001-6435-3604 NR 18 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-2614 EI 1873-4448 J9 CHEM PHYS LETT JI Chem. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 2007 VL 444 IS 1-3 BP 140 EP 144 DI 10.1016/j.cplett.2007.06.133 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 205LP UT WOS:000249115400026 ER PT J AU Xue, YK Vasic, R Janjic, Z Mesinger, F Mitchell, KE AF Xue, Yongkang Vasic, Ratko Janjic, Zavisa Mesinger, Fedor Mitchell, Kenneth E. TI Assessment of dynamic downscaling of the continental US regional climate using the Eta/SSiB regional climate model SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID LIMITED-AREA MODEL; LATERAL BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; STEP-MOUNTAIN COORDINATE; LAND-SURFACE PROCESSES; PART I; ETA-MODEL; NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; 1993 FLOOD; REANALYSIS AB This study investigates the capability of the dynamic downscaling method ( DDM) in a North American regional climate study using the Eta/ Simplified Simple Biosphere ( SSiB) Regional Climate Model ( RCM). The main objective is to understand whether the Eta/ SSiB RCM is capable of simulating North American regional climate features, mainly precipitation, at different scales under imposed boundary conditions. The summer of 1998 was selected for this study and the summers of 1993 and 1995 were used to confirm the 1998 results. The observed precipitation, NCEP - NCAR Global Reanalysis ( NNGR), and North American Regional Reanalysis ( NARR) were used for evaluation of the model's simulations and/ or as lateral boundary conditions ( LBCs). A spectral analysis was applied to quantitatively examine the RCM's downscaling ability at different scales. The simulations indicated that choice of domain size, LBCs, and grid spacing were crucial for the DDM. Several tests with different domain sizes indicated that the model in the North American climate simulation was particularly sensitive to its southern boundary position because of the importance of moisture transport by the southerly low- level jet ( LLJ) in summer precipitation. Among these tests, only the RCM with 32- km resolution and NNGR LBC or with 80- km resolution and NARR LBC, in conjunction with appropriate domain sizes, was able to properly simulate precipitation and other atmospheric variables - especially humidity over the southeastern United States - during all three summer months - and produce a better spectral power distribution than that associated with the imposed LBC ( for the 32- km case) and retain spectral power for large wavelengths ( for the 80- km case). The analysis suggests that there might be strong atmospheric components of high- frequency variability over the Gulf of Mexico and the southeastern United States. C1 Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Xue, YK (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Geog, POB 951524, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM yxue@geog.ucla.edu RI De Sales, Fernando/G-6551-2013 NR 47 TC 47 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 17 PY 2007 VL 20 IS 16 BP 4172 EP 4193 DI 10.1175/JCLI4239.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201PS UT WOS:000248845700007 ER PT J AU Russell, JL Stouffer, RJ Dixon, KW AF Russell, Joellen L. Stouffer, Ronald J. Dixon, Keith W. TI Intercomparison of the Southern Ocean circulations in IPCC coupled model control simulations (vol 19, pg 4560, 2006) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Correction C1 Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Russell, JL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, 1040 E 4th St, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM jrussell@email.arizona.edu OI Russell, Joellen/0000-0001-9937-6056 NR 2 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 17 PY 2007 VL 20 IS 16 BP 4287 EP 4287 DI 10.1175/JCLI4326.1 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201PS UT WOS:000248845700015 ER PT J AU Black, AT Gomez, E Turner, LD Jung, S Lett, PD AF Black, A. T. Gomez, E. Turner, L. D. Jung, S. Lett, P. D. TI Spinor dynamics in an antiferromagnetic spin-1 condensate SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; GROUND-STATE; MAGNETIC-FIELD; DOMAINS AB We observe coherent spin oscillations in an antiferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate of sodium. The variation of the spin oscillations with magnetic field shows a clear signature of nonlinearity, in agreement with theory, which also predicts anharmonic oscillations near a critical magnetic field. Measurements of the magnetic phase diagram agree with predictions made in the approximation of a single spatial mode. The oscillation period yields the best measurement to date of the sodium spin-dependent interaction coefficient, determining that the difference between the sodium spin-dependent s-wave scattering lengths a(f=2) - a(f=0) is 2.47 +/- 0.27 Bohr radii. C1 Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Black, AT (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Turner, Lincoln/D-5066-2014 OI Turner, Lincoln/0000-0003-0551-5583 NR 25 TC 86 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 17 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 7 AR 070403 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.070403 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 201XW UT WOS:000248866900003 PM 17930877 ER PT J AU Cunningham, SA Kanzow, T Rayner, D Baringer, MO Johns, WE Marotzke, J Longworth, HR Grant, EM Hirschi, JJM Beal, LM Meinen, CS Bryden, HL AF Cunningham, Stuart A. Kanzow, Torsten Rayner, Darren Baringer, Molly O. Johns, William E. Marotzke, Jochem Longworth, Hannah R. Grant, Elizabeth M. Hirschi, Joel J. -M. Beal, Lisa M. Meinen, Christopher S. Bryden, Harry L. TI Temporal variability of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation at 26.5 degrees N SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; FLORIDA CURRENT; HEAT-FLUX; TRANSPORT; 27-DEGREES-N; DESIGN; OCEAN AB The vigor of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC) is thought to be vulnerable to global warming, but its short-term temporal variability is unknown so changes inferred from sparse observations on the decadal time scale of recent climate change are uncertain. We combine continuous measurements of the MOC (beginning in 2004) using the purposefully designed transatlantic Rapid Climate Change array of moored instruments deployed along 26.5 degrees N, with time series of Gulf Stream transport and surface-layer Ekman transport to quantify its intra-annual variability. The year-long average overturning is 18.7 +/- 5.6 sverdrups (Sv) (range: 4.0 to 34.9 Sv, where 1 Sv = a flow of ocean water of 10(6) cubic meters per second). Interannual changes in the overturning can be monitored with a resolution of 1.5 Sv. C1 Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Phys Oceanog Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Cunningham, SA (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr, Empress Dock, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM scu@noc.soton.ac.uk; marotzke@dkrz.de RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Hirschi, Joel/F-5631-2013; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Hirschi, Joel/0000-0003-1481-3697; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194 NR 21 TC 422 Z9 433 U1 4 U2 118 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 EI 1095-9203 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 17 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5840 BP 935 EP 938 DI 10.1126/science.1141304 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 200RJ UT WOS:000248780200036 PM 17702940 ER PT J AU Kanzow, T Cunningham, SA Rayner, D Hirschi, JJM Johns, WE Baringer, MO Bryden, HL Beal, LM Meinen, CS Marotzke, J AF Kanzow, Torsten Cunningham, Stuart A. Rayner, Darren Hirschi, Joel J. -M. Johns, William E. Baringer, Molly O. Bryden, Harry L. Beal, Lisa M. Meinen, Christopher S. Marotzke, Jochem TI Observed flow compensation associated with the MOC at 26.5 degrees N in the Atlantic SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; OCEAN HEAT-TRANSPORT; NORTH-ATLANTIC; VARIABILITY; WATER AB The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (MOC), which provides one-quarter of the global meridional heat transport, is composed of a number of separate flow components. How changes in the strength of each of those components may affect that of the others has been unclear because of a lack of adequate data. We continuously observed the MOC at 26.5 degrees N for 1 year using end-point measurements of density, bottom pressure, and ocean currents; cable measurements across the Straits of Florida; and wind stress. The different transport components largely compensate for each other, thus confirming the validity of our monitoring approach. The MOC varied over the period of observation by +/- 5.7 x 10(6) cubic meters per second, with density-inferred and wind-driven transports contributing equally to it. We find evidence for depth-independent compensation for the wind-driven surface flow. C1 Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. RP Kanzow, T (reprint author), Natl Oceanog Ctr, Empress Dock, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. EM tok@noc.soton.ac.uk; jochem.marotzke@zmaw.de RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Hirschi, Joel/F-5631-2013; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Hirschi, Joel/0000-0003-1481-3697; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194 NR 22 TC 126 Z9 127 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 17 PY 2007 VL 317 IS 5840 BP 938 EP 941 DI 10.1126/science.1141293 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 200RJ UT WOS:000248780200037 PM 17702941 ER PT J AU Munson, MS Danger, G Shackman, JG Ross, D AF Munson, Matthew S. Danger, Gregoire Shackman, Jonathan G. Ross, David TI Temperature gradient focusing with field-amplified continuous sample injection for dual-stage analyte enrichment and separation SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; PERFORMANCE CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; STACKING; PRECONCENTRATION; MICROFLUIDICS; MICROCHIPS; TECHNOLOGY AB We describe the serial combination of temperature gradient focusing (TGF) and field-amplified continuous sample injection (FACSI) for improved analyte enrichment and electrophoretic separation. TGF is a counterflow equilibrium gradient method for the simultaneous concentration and separation of analytes. When TGF is implemented with a low conductivity sample buffer and a (relatively) high conductivity separation buffer, a form of sample enrichment similar to field-amplified sample stacking (FASS) or field-amplified sample injection (FASI) is achieved in addition to the normal TGF sample enrichment. FACSI-TGF differs from FASI in two important respects: continuous sample injection, versus a discrete injection, is utilized; because of the counterflow employed for TGF, the stacking interface exists in a pseudo-stationary region outside of the separation column. Notably, analyte concentration enrichment factors greater than the ratio of separation and sample conductivities (gamma) were achieved in this method. For gamma = 6.1, the concentration factor for one model analyte (Oregon Green 488) was found to be 36-fold higher with FACSI-TGF as compared to TGF without FACSI. A separation of five fluorescently labeled amino acids is also demonstrated with the technique, yielding an average enrichment of greater than 1000-fold. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Munson, MS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Ms 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matt.munson@nist.gov RI Danger, Gregoire/F-1425-2010 NR 36 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 16 BP 6201 EP 6207 DI 10.1021/ac070689r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 203SC UT WOS:000248993300019 PM 17616169 ER PT J AU Hemant, K Thebault, E Mandea, M Ravat, D Maus, S AF Hemant, Kumar Thebault, Erwan Mandea, Mioara Ravat, Dhananjay Maus, Stefan TI Magnetic anomaly map of the world: merging satellite, airborne, marine and ground-based magnetic data sets SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE world digital magnetic anomaly map; LEEDS-WDMAM candidate model; aeromagnetic and marine compilation ID CHAMP; FIELD; NORTHERN; SURFACE; OCEAN AB We report here a simple but practical method to combine systematically the magnetic surveys of disparate specifications from marine, ground, aeromagnetic and satellite platforms that aims to be helpful in the framework of the world digital magnetic anomaly map project. Because the satellite coverage and data quality is more uniform than near-surface surveys, it is adopted as the base map for wavelengths larger than 400 kin and up to spherical harmonic degree inclusive of 16 (similar to 2500 km). After checking that satellite models and large aeromagnetic wavelengths are not consistent, we filter out wavelengths longer than 400 km in aeromagnetic compilations. Existing regional grids and, when available, individual surveys, are merged to give a more uniform spatial variation of the magnetic anomalies. The effects of merging the grids are examined by plotting profiles and difference maps of the overlapping regions. A preliminary global map is obtained after combining the magnetic anomaly map with the downward continued CHAMP satellite derived magnetic anomaly map. Forthcoming availability of new datasets, as well as improvements in the procedure, will help to produce increasingly reliable maps. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved. C1 Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. GeoForsch Zentrum, Potsdam, Germany. Inst Phys Globe, Jussieu, France. So Illinois Univ Dale, Carbondale, IL USA. NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Hemant, K (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Sch Earth & Environm, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. EM hemant@earth.leeds.ac.uk RI MANDEA, Mioara/E-4892-2012; Thebault, Erwan/A-5670-2011; OI Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878; Ravat, Dhananjay/0000-0003-1962-4422 NR 33 TC 28 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 260 IS 1-2 BP 56 EP 71 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.05.040 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 202DX UT WOS:000248883300005 ER PT J AU You, J Pehkonen, S Landrum, PF Lydy, MJ AF You, Jing Pehkonen, Sari Landrum, Peter F. Lydy, Michael J. TI Desorption of hydrophobic compounds from laboratory-spiked Sediments measured by tenax absorbent and matrix solid-phase microextraction SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PORE-WATER CONCENTRATIONS; ORGANIC-CHEMICALS; BLACK CARBON; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; PARTITION-COEFFICIENTS; QUALITY CRITERIA; CONTACT TIME; BIOAVAILABILITY; SORPTION AB Tenax extraction and matrix solid-phase microextraction (matrix-SPME) were used to study desorption of hydrophobic contaminants (HOC) from sediments. C-14-labeled hexachlorobiphenyl, DDE, permethrin, chlorpyrifos, and phenanthrene were individually spiked into sediments differing in physical characteristics. Sequestration of the HOCs into sediment was observed for all compounds, and desorption was described by rapid, slow, and very slow rates, The freely dissolved HOC concentration in the sediment porewater was estimated by matrix-SPME, and serial sampling was used to ensure equilibrium was achieved among sediment, porewater and matrix-SPME fiber. Differences in partitioning of the HOCs between sediment and porewater for the different sediments were reduced by replacing the HOC concentration in sedimentwith the rapidly desorbing fraction. The significantly lower porewater concentration determined from matrix-SPME, than predicted from equilibrium partitioning theory (EPT), showed that only a small fraction of sediment HOCs were available for equilibrium and the predictability of EPT can be improved with the consideration of sequestration in sediment. A good correlation was noted between sediment concentration in the rapidly desorbing fraction measured by Tenax extraction, and SPME fiber concentration as determined by matrix-SPME. Thus, the two methods both tracked the readily desorbed contaminant equally well though Tenax extraction measures the accessible pool, and matrix-SPME measures the chemical activity of the HOCs. C1 So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Zool, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Lydy, MJ (reprint author), So Illinois Univ, Fisheries & Illinois Aquaculture Ctr, 171 Life Sci 2, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. EM mlydy@siu.edu RI You, Jing/A-6201-2009 OI You, Jing/0000-0002-4006-8339 NR 38 TC 54 Z9 60 U1 3 U2 37 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 41 IS 16 BP 5672 EP 5678 DI 10.1021/es0700395 PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 202EY UT WOS:000248886000020 PM 17874772 ER PT J AU Nannan, NR Colonna, P Tracy, CM Rowley, RL Hurly, JJ AF Nannan, N. R. Colonna, P. Tracy, C. M. Rowley, R. L. Hurly, J. J. TI Ideal-gas heat capacities of dimethylsiloxanes from speed-of-sound measurements and ab initio calculations SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article DE ab initio; acoustic measurements; frequency; ideal-gas heat capacity; scaling factor; siloxane; speed-of-sound ID VIBRATIONAL FREQUENCIES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; ACOUSTIC MEASUREMENTS; WORKING FLUIDS; SILOXANES; CYCLES; STATE AB A two-pronged approach has been used to obtain accurate ideal-gas heat capacities of cyclic and linear dimethylsiloxanes that are useful for thermodynamic modeling of several processes involving these compounds. Acoustic resonance measurements were made on gas-phase octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (D-4, [(CH3)(2)-Si-O](4)) and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D-5, [(CH3)(2)-Si-O](5)) over the temperature range 450-510K. These new data, along with previously published molecular vibrational frequency data for hexamethyldisiloxane (MM, [(CH3)(3)-Si-O-1/2](2)), were used to develop an appropriate frequency scaling factor that can be used with ab initio frequency calculations to produce reliable ideal-gas heat capacities as a function of temperature. Ideal-gas heat capacities for both cyclic [(CH3)(2)-Si-O](n) (with 3 <= n <= 8) and linear (CH3)(3)-Si-O-[(CH3)(2)-Si-O](n)-Si-(CH3)(3) (with 0 <= n <= 5) siloxanes over a wide range of temperatures were determined with the ab initio, method. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Delft Univ Technol, Proc & Energy Dept, Energy Technol Sect, NL-2628 CA Delft, Netherlands. Brigham Young Univ, DIPPR Thermophys Properties Lab, Dept Chem Engn, Provo, UT 84602 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurement Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Colonna, P (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Proc & Energy Dept, Energy Technol Sect, Leeghwaterstr 44, NL-2628 CA Delft, Netherlands. EM p.colonna@tudelft.nl OI Colonna, Piero/0000-0001-6446-8823 NR 34 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 EI 1879-0224 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 257 IS 1 BP 102 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2007.04.028 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 195RV UT WOS:000248430200010 ER PT J AU Remington, N Stevens, RD Wells, RS Holn, A Dhungana, S Taboy, CH Crumbliss, AL Henkens, R Bonaventura, C AF Remington, Nicole Stevens, Robert D. Wells, Randall S. Holn, Aleta Dhungana, Suraj Taboy, Celine H. Crumbliss, Alvin L. Henkens, Robert Bonaventura, Celia TI Genetic diversity of coastal bottlenose dolphins revealed by structurally and functionally diverse hemoglobins SO GENE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Conference on Dioxygen Binding and Sensing Proteins CY SEP 03-07, 2006 CL Naples, ITALY DE population diversity; alleles; oxygen binding; allostery; redox chemistry ID WEDDELL SEALS; BLOOD-OXYGEN; HEMATOLOGY; MYOGLOBIN; CHEMISTRY; PORPOISES; TURSIOPS; BINDING; ECOLOGY; WHALES AB Studies of structure-function relationships in the respiratory proteins of marine mammals revealed unexpected variations in the number and types of hemoglobins (Hbs) present in coastal bottlenose dolphins, Tursiops truncatus. We obtained blood samples from free-ranging coastal bottlenose dolphins as a component of capture-release studies. We found that the oxygen-binding functions of bottlenose dolphin blood are poised between effector-saturated and unsaturated levels, enabling exercise-dependent shifts in oxygen transfer functions. Isolated bottlenose dolphin Hbs showed elevated pH sensitivities (Bohr effects) and appreciably lower oxygen affinities than adult human Hb in the absence of allosteric effectors. These properties may be an adaptive modification that enhances oxygen delivery during diving episodes when oxygen tensions and effector levels are low. The Hbs of individual dolphins showed similar oxygen affinities, responses to effectors, and expression of heme-heme interaction in oxygen binding, but differed in their redox potentials and rates of autoxidation. The heterogeneity suggested by these functional variations in Hbs of individual dolphins was born out by variations in the molecular weights and numbers of their alpha and beta globin chains. Although coastal bottlenose dolphins were expected to have a single type of Hb, the mass differences observed revealed considerable genetic diversity. There were multiple Hb forms in some individuals and differences in Hb patterns among individuals within the same community. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Sarah W Stedman Nutr & Metab Ctr, Durham, NC 27705 USA. Mote Marine Lab, Chicago Zool Soc, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. NOAA, Beaufort Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Duke Univ, Dept Chem, Durham, NC 27708 USA. NCDWQ, Aquat Toxicol Unit, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. NIEHS, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. Ctr Dis Control, NCHHSTP CCID, Atlanta, GA 30333 USA. RP Bonaventura, C (reprint author), Duke Univ, Marine Lab, Nicholas Sch Environm & Earth Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bona@duke.edu FU NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL071064, R01 HL058248-05, 5P01-HL-071064-04] NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1119 J9 GENE JI Gene PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 398 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 123 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.gene.2007.02.050 PG 9 WC Genetics & Heredity SC Genetics & Heredity GA 200SX UT WOS:000248784200015 PM 17604574 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Kazumori, M Han, Y Weng, FZ AF Liu, Quanhua Kazumori, Masahiro Han, Yong Weng, Fuzhong TI Calculating Antarctic stratospheric temperature from Special Sensor Microwave Imager and Sounder SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; OZONE DEPLETION; HEIGHT AB This study demonstrates that the upper-atmosphere air sounding channels of the Special Sensor Microwave Imager and Sounder (SSMIS) can be used to estimate the stratospheric temperature. The constant viewing angle of the conical scanning sensor enables us to qualitatively analyze the stratospheric temperature without performing any retrieval or radiance assimilation. A snapshot of the SSMIS multi-channel brightness temperatures realistically characterizes the Antarctic stratospheric temperature, a key contributing factor to photochemical ozone depletion. Using a linear regression technique, we show that retrieved stratospheric temperatures are consistent with those from radiosondes. Finally, the direct SSMIS radiance assimilation within the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation system improves the analysis of stratospheric temperatures. C1 Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. QSS Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 7042, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM quanhua.liu@noaa.gov RI Han, Yong/F-5590-2010; Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Han, Yong/0000-0002-0183-7270; Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 15 AR L15812 DI 10.1029/2007GL030646 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 202IX UT WOS:000248896300007 ER PT J AU Hamadani, BH Richter, CA Gundlach, DJ Kline, RJ McCulloch, I Heeney, M AF Hamadani, B. H. Richter, C. A. Gundlach, D. J. Kline, R. J. McCulloch, I. Heeney, M. TI Influence of source-drain electric field on mobility and charge transport in organic field-effect transistors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; DEPENDENT MOBILITY; CARRIER MOBILITY; HOLE-TRANSPORT; POLYMERS; PENTACENE; MODEL AB We report on a strong field-dependent mobility in organic field-effect transistors fabricated by using poly(2,5-bis(3-tetradecylthiophene-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (pBTTT-C14) as the active polymer layer. Charge transport and mobilities in devices annealed in the mesophase show a more pronounced dependence on channel length as compared with as-cast devices. Analysis reveals that the contact effects in both sets of devices are negligible from room temperature down to approximate to 100 K. We show that this field dependence is consistent with a Poole-Frenkel model of mobility. Finally, the nonlinear transport data for short channel devices are modeled consistently in the Poole-Frenkel framework over a broad temperature range. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Merck Chem, Southampton S016 7QD, Hants, England. RP Hamadani, BH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bureau Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM behrang.hamadani@nist.gov; david.gundlach@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013; Caironi, Mario/O-2745-2013 OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020; Caironi, Mario/0000-0002-0442-4439 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 8 U2 25 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 4 AR 044503 DI 10.1063/1.2769782 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 206AL UT WOS:000249156200114 ER PT J AU Lau, JW Beleggia, M Zhu, Y AF Lau, J. W. Beleggia, M. Zhu, Y. TI Common reversal mechanisms and correlation between transient domain states and field sweep rate in patterned Permalloy structures SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RECORDING MEDIA; MAGNETIC VISCOSITY; ENERGY AB Complicated domain configurations generated during the magnetization reversal of Permalloy elements patterned in various shapes are the results of a surprisingly few switching mechanisms. By comparing the results from micromagnetic simulations with the experimentally observed switching events imaged by Lorentz microscopy, we found that nucleation and annihilation of vortices and vortex/antivortex pairs, and the propagation of Neel and cross-tie walls are common mechanisms for magnetization reversal in Permalloy elements with dimensions favorable to domain formation. In addition, for a given element, different mechanism combination(s) may transpire, depending on the sweep rate in the externally applied field. This is because energy maxima and minima are generally field dependent and that different field sweep rate alters the time allotted for thermally assisted transition between states. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIST, Metallurg Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lau, JW (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Ctr Funct Nanomat, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM june.lau@nist.gov RI Lau, June/C-7509-2013; OI Beleggia, Marco/0000-0002-2888-1888 NR 16 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 4 AR 043906 DI 10.1063/1.2769779 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 206AL UT WOS:000249156200068 ER PT J AU Gloor, M Dlugokencky, E Brenninkmeijer, C Horowitz, L Hurst, DF Dutton, G Crevoisier, C Machida, T Tans, P AF Gloor, M. Dlugokencky, E. Brenninkmeijer, C. Horowitz, L. Hurst, D. F. Dutton, G. Crevoisier, C. Machida, T. Tans, P. TI Three-dimensional SF6 data and tropospheric transport simulations: Signals, modeling accuracy, and implications for inverse modeling SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SULFUR-HEXAFLUORIDE; ATMOSPHERE; TRENDS AB Surface emissions of SF6 are closely tied to human activity and thus fairly well known. They therefore can and have been used to evaluate tropospheric transport predicted by models. A range of new atmospheric SF6 data permit us to expand on earlier studies. The purpose of this first of two papers is to characterize known and new transport constraints provided by the data and to use them to quantify predictive skill of the MOZART-2 atmospheric chemistry and transport model. Main noteworthy observational constraints are (1) a well-known steep N-S gradient at the surface confined to an approximate to 40 degrees wide latitude band in the tropics; (2) a fairly uniform N-S gradient in the upper troposphere; (3) an increase in the temporal variation in upper troposphere Northern Hemisphere records with increasing latitude; (4) a negative SF6 gradient in Northern Hemisphere vertical profiles from the surface to 8 km height, but a positive gradient in the Southern Hemisphere; and (5) a clear reflection in surface records of large-scale seasonal atmosphere movements like the undulations of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Comparison of observations with simulations reveal excellent modeling skills with regards to (1) large-scale annual mean latitudinal gradients at remote surface sites ( relative bias of N-S hemisphere difference <= 5%) and aloft (approximate to 10 km, relative bias <= 25%); (2) seasonality in signals at remote sites caused by large-scale movements of the atmosphere; (3) time variation in upper troposphere records; (4) "faithfulness'' of advective transport on timescales up to approximate to 1 week; and (5) the general shapes and seasonal variation of vertical profiles. The model (1) underestimates the variation in the vertical of profiles, particularly those from locations close to high emissions regions, and (2) overestimates the difference in SF6 between the planetary boundary layer (PBL) and free troposphere over North America, and thus likely Eurasia, during winter by approximately a factor of 2 (STD approximate to 100%). The comparisons permit estimating lower bounds on representation errors which are large for sites close to continental outflow regions. Given the magnitude of the signals and signal variance, SF6 provides a strong constraint on interhemispheric transport, PBL ventilation, dispersion pathways of northern midlatitude surface emissions through the upper troposphere, and large-scale movements of the atmosphere. C1 Univ Leeds, Earth & Biosphere Inst, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. Univ Leeds, Sch Geog, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ USA. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RP Gloor, M (reprint author), Univ Leeds, Earth & Biosphere Inst, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. RI Brenninkmeijer, Carl/B-6860-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Hurst, Dale/D-1554-2016 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Hurst, Dale/0000-0002-6315-2322 NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D15 AR D15112 DI 10.1029/2006JD007973 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 202JJ UT WOS:000248897500001 ER PT J AU Page, KA Jarrett, W Moore, RB AF Page, Kirt A. Jarrett, William Moore, Robert B. TI Variable temperature F-19 solid-state NMR study of the effect of electrostatic interactions on thermally-stimulated molecular motions in perfluorosulfonate lonomers SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE fuel cell membranes; fluoropolymers; ionomers; Nafion; NMR; relaxation ID PERFLUORINATED IONOMER MEMBRANES; ANGLE X-RAY; FIELD GRADIENT NMR; NAFION MEMBRANES; MECHANICAL RELAXATIONS; SELF-DIFFUSION; C-13 NMR; SCATTERING; WATER; POLYMERS AB This study uses variable temperature F-19 solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectroscopy to determine the influence of electrostatic interactions on the T-1, T-1 rho, and T-2 values of Nafion (R). Because of a "homogenizing" of the T-1's as a result of spin diffusion, it was not possible to resolve from the T, experiments the relative motions of the side- and main-chain. The initial increase in T-1 rho, as a function of increasing temperature has been attributed to backbone rotations that increase with increasing temperature. The maxima observed in the T-1 rho, plots suggest a change in the dominant relaxation mechanism at that temperature. The similarity in relaxation behavior of the side- and main-chains suggests that the motions are dynamically coupled, because of the fact that the side-chain is directly attached to the main-chain. Two T-1 rho, values were observed for the main-chain at high temperatures, which has been attributed to a thermally activated ion-hopping process. The results of T2 studies show that correlated motions of the side- and main-chain exist at low temperatures. However, at elevated temperatures the T-2 values for the side-chain increase rapidly while remaining relatively constant for the main-chain, indicating an onset of mobility of the side-chains. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Univ So Mississippi, Dept Polymer Sci, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Page, KA (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Polymer Sci, So Stn, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. EM kirt.page@nist.gov; rbmoore@usm.edu RI Moore, Robert/E-9619-2011 OI Moore, Robert/0000-0001-9057-7695 NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 9 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 16 BP 2177 EP 2186 DI 10.1002/polb.21216 PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 194OZ UT WOS:000248355000007 ER PT J AU Hammouda, B Ho, DL AF Hammouda, Boualem Ho, Derek L. TI Insight into chain dimensions in PEO/water solutions SO JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE PART B-POLYMER PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE neutron scattering; phase behavior; solution properties ID POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE) SOLUTIONS; WATER; TEMPERATURE; BEHAVIOR; METHANOL AB Small-Angle Neutron Scattering has been performed from poly(ethylene oxide) in deuterated water at temperature ranging from 10 to 80 degrees C. A simple fitting model was used to obtain a correlation length and a Porod exponent. The correlation length L characterizes the average distance between entanglements in the semidilute region and is proportional to the individual coil sizes in the dilute region. L was found to increase with temperature in the semidilute region but it decreases with temperature in the dilute region. This decrease is the precursor to the single-chain collapse which applies to very dilute polymer solutions. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hammouda, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hammouda@nist.gov NR 18 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 40 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0887-6266 J9 J POLYM SCI POL PHYS JI J. Polym. Sci. Pt. B-Polym. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 45 IS 16 BP 2196 EP 2200 DI 10.1002/polb.21221 PG 5 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 194OZ UT WOS:000248355000009 ER PT J AU Erdogan, ST Garboczi, EJ Fowler, DW AF Erdogan, S. T. Garboczi, E. J. Fowler, D. W. TI Shape and size of microfine aggregates: X-ray microcomputed tomography vs. laser diffraction SO POWDER TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE X-ray microcomputed tomography; laser diffraction; shape analysis; size distribution analysis; spherical harmonic method; microfine concrete aggregates ID PARTICLE-SHAPE; WIDE-RANGE; MICROSTRUCTURE AB Microfine rock aggregates, formed naturally or in a crushing process, pass a #200 ASTM sieve, so have at least two orthogonal principal dimensions less than 75 mu m, the sieve opening size. In this paper, for the first time, we capture true 3-D shape and size data of several different types of microfine aggregates, using X-ray microcomputed tomography (mu CT) with a voxel size of 2 mu m. This information is used to generate shape analyses of various kinds. Particle size distributions are also generated from the mu CT data and quantitatively compared to the results of laser diffraction, which is the leading method for measuring particle size distributions of sub-millimeter size particles. By taking into account the actual particle shape, the differences between mu CT and laser diffraction can be qualitatively explained. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Texas, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Erdogan, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sinan.erdogan@nist.gov RI Erdogan, Sinan/I-4880-2012 NR 35 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0032-5910 J9 POWDER TECHNOL JI Powder Technol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 177 IS 2 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.powtec.2007.02.016 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 207RT UT WOS:000249269500001 ER PT J AU Mancia, A Romano, TA Gefroh, HA Chapman, RW Middleton, DL Warr, GW Lundqvist, ML AF Mancia, Annalaura Romano, Tracy A. Gefroh, Holly A. Chapman, Robert W. Middleton, Darlene L. Warr, Gregory W. Lundqvist, Mats L. TI Characterization of the immunoglobulin a heavy chain gene of the Atlantic bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO VETERINARY IMMUNOLOGY AND IMMUNOPATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dolphin; antibody; IGHA; immunogenetics ID C-ALPHA-GENE; IGA; ORGANIZATION; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCE; CLONING; MECHANISMS; EXPRESSION; RABBIT; FAMILY AB Immunoglobulin constant region heavy chain genes of the dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) have been described for IgM and IgG but not for IgA. Here, the heavy chain sequence of dolphin IgA has been cloned and sequenced as cDNA. RT-PCR amplification from blood peripheral lymphocytes was carried out using degenerate primers and a single sequence was detected. The inferred heavy chain structure shows conserved features typical of mammalian IgA heavy chains, including three constant (C) regions, a hinge region between constant region domain 1 (C 1) and constant region domain 2 (C2), and conserved residues for interaction with the Fc alpha R1 and N-glycosylation sites. Comparisons of the deduced amino acid sequences of the IgA heavy chain for the dolphin and the evolutionarily related artiodactyl species showed high similarity. In cattle and sheep, as in dolphins, a single IgA subclass has been identified. Southern blot analysis as well as genomic PCR confirmed the presence of multiple IGHA sequences suggesting that IGHA pseudogenes may be present in the dolphin genome. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Hollings Marine Labs, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Mystic Aquarium & Inst Explorat, Mystic, CT 06355 USA. S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NOAA, NOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Mancia, A (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Hollings Marine Labs, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM mancia@musc.edu RI mancia, annalaura/F-9706-2013 OI mancia, annalaura/0000-0001-8680-3530 NR 23 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-2427 J9 VET IMMUNOL IMMUNOP JI Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. PD AUG 15 PY 2007 VL 118 IS 3-4 BP 304 EP 309 DI 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.04.015 PG 6 WC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences SC Immunology; Veterinary Sciences GA 200AA UT WOS:000248735100013 PM 17572508 ER PT J AU Bane, JM Spitz, YH Letelier, RM Peterson, WT AF Bane, John M. Spitz, Yvette H. Letelier, Ricardo M. Peterson, William T. TI Jet stream intraseasonal oscillations drive dominant ecosystem variations in Oregon's summertime coastal upwelling system SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE coastal variability; wind-driven ocean upwelling; coastal marine; ecosystems; marine ecology ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; SEA-LEVEL; WEST-COAST; WIND; VARIABILITY; SHELF AB Summertime wind stress along the coast of the northwestern United States typically exhibits intraseasonal oscillations MOO with periods from approximate to 15 to 40 days, as well as fluctuations on the 2-to 6-day "weather-band" and 1-day diurnal time scales. Coastal upwelling of cool, nutrient-rich water is driven by extended periods of equatorward alongshore winds, and we show that the approximate to 20-day ISOs in alongshore wind stress dominated the upwelling process during summer 2001 off Oregon. These wind stress ISOs resulted from north-south positional ISOs of the atmospheric jet stream (JS). Upper-ocean temperature, phytoplankton, and zoo-plankton varied principally on the approximate to 20-day time scale as well, and these correlated with the ISOs in alongshore wind stress and JS position, even though there also were weather-band stress fluctuations of comparable magnitude. Such wind stress ISOs are typical along Oregon in the summer upwelling season, occurring in 10 of 12 years examined, including 2001. We present a previously unreported direct connection from the atmospheric JS to oceanic primary and secondary production on the intraseasonal time scale and show the leading importance of ISOs in driving this coastal upwelling ecosystem during a typical summer. C1 Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Bane, JM (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM bane@unc.edu RI Letelier, Ricardo/A-6953-2009 OI Letelier, Ricardo/0000-0003-3376-4026 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 14 PY 2007 VL 104 IS 33 BP 13262 EP 13267 DI 10.1073/pnas.0700926104 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 202KE UT WOS:000248899600011 PM 17686987 ER PT J AU Pomeroy, JM Grube, H Perrella, AC Gillaspy, JD AF Pomeroy, J. M. Grube, H. Perrella, A. C. Gillaspy, J. D. TI Selectable resistance-area product by dilute highly charged ion irradiation SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article AB Considerable effort worldwide has been invested in producing low resistance-area (RA) product magnetic tunnel junction sensors for future hard drive read heads. Here the authors present a method of producing tunnel barriers with a selectable RA value spanning orders of magnitude. A single process recipe is used with only the dose of highly charged ions (HCIs) varied. The HCIs reduce the tunnel barrier integrity, providing enhanced conduction that reduces the overall RA product. The final RA product is selected by appropriate choice of the HCI density; e.g., 100 HCIs/mu m(2) typically results in the RA product being reduced by a factor of 100. (C) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pomeroy, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joshua.pomeroy@nist.gov NR 8 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 7 AR 073506 DI 10.1063/1.2768894 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 201XT UT WOS:000248866600101 ER PT J AU Hong, Y Adler, RF Hossain, F Curtis, S Huffman, GJ AF Hong, Yang Adler, Robert F. Hossain, Faisal Curtis, Scott Huffman, George J. TI A first approach to global runoff simulation using satellite rainfall estimation SO WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LAND-USE CHANGE; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; SCALE; RECHARGE; GIS AB Motivated by the recent increasing availability of global remote sensing data for estimating precipitation and describing land surface characteristics, this note reports an approximate assessment of quasi- global runoff computed by incorporating satellite rainfall data and other remote sensing products in a relatively simple rainfall- runoff simulation approach: the Natural Resources Conservation Service ( NRCS) runoff curve number ( CN) method. Using an antecedent precipitation index ( API) as a proxy of antecedent moisture conditions, this note estimates time- varying NRCS- CN values determined by the 5- day normalized API. Driven by a multiyear ( 1998 - 2006) Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi- satellite Precipitation Analysis, quasi- global runoff was retrospectively simulated with the NRCS- CN method and compared to Global Runoff Data Centre data at global and catchment scales. Results demonstrated the potential for using this simple method when diagnosing runoff values from satellite rainfall for the globe and for medium to large river basins. This work was done with the simple NRCS- CN method as a first- cut approach to understanding the challenges that lie ahead in advancing the satellite- based inference of global runoff. We expect that the successes and limitations revealed in this study will lay the basis for applying more advanced methods to capture the dynamic variability of the global hydrologic process for global runoff monitoring in real time. The essential ingredient in this work is the use of global satellite- based rainfall estimation. C1 NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. Tennessee Technol Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Cookeville, TN 38505 USA. E Carolina Univ, Dept Geog, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Hong, Y (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Civil Engn & Environm Sci, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 363, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM yanghong@agnes.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Hong, Yang/D-5132-2009; Curtis, Scott/C-1115-2013; Huffman, George/F-4494-2014; OI Hong, Yang/0000-0001-8720-242X; Huffman, George/0000-0003-3858-8308; Curtis, Scott/0000-0001-9065-8639 NR 39 TC 74 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0043-1397 J9 WATER RESOUR RES JI Water Resour. Res. PD AUG 11 PY 2007 VL 43 IS 8 AR W08502 DI 10.1029/2006WR005739 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 202BV UT WOS:000248877500003 ER PT J AU Marx, E AF Marx, Egon TI Images of strips on and trenches in substrates SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID INTEGRAL-EQUATION; ELECTROMAGNETIC SCATTERING; SCANNING MICROSCOPY; DIELECTRIC BODIES; THICK OBJECTS; METROLOGY; SURFACES; LAYERS; LINES AB The computation of images of lines or strips on a substrate and trenches in a substrate or a layer above a substrate, all made of dielectric or conducting materials, is presented. The method is based on integral equations, of the single-integral-equation kind, equivalent to Maxwell's equations and on Fourier optics. Examples of computed images illustrating some of the features found in the images are provided. Approximations involved in the model of the actual scatterer and microscope as well as in the theoretical and numerical representations are discussed. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marx, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM egon.marx@nist.gov NR 38 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 23 BP 5571 EP 5587 DI 10.1364/AO.46.005571 PG 17 WC Optics SC Optics GA 208JJ UT WOS:000249315300004 PM 17694101 ER PT J AU Viscido, SV Parrish, JK Grunbaum, D AF Viscido, Steven V. Parrish, Julia K. Grunbaum, Daniel TI Factors influencing the structure and maintenance of fish schools SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Article DE simulation model; aggregation; movement rule; social interaction; emergent properties; three-dimensional movement ID EMERGENT PROPERTIES; ANIMAL GROUPS; INTERNAL DYNAMICS; SELFISH HERD; BEHAVIOR; MODEL; SIZE; SIMULATION; MECHANISM; PREDATION AB We explored the factors that contribute to fish school formation and maintenance using a series of computer simulation experiments. The factors we examined were mostly social, and included the functional form of attraction to - and repulsion from - neighbors, alignment with neighbors, regions of no social force ("neutral zones"), scaling of neighbor influence, random noise, and frictional drag. For each experiment, we compared the results from changing one factor with those of a "base case" that included a neutral zone 1 body length wide, linear attraction and repulsion forces, no alignment force, no scaling of neighbor influence, medium randomness, and no friction drag. We computed eight schooling metrics, two at the individual level (curvature and nearest-neighbor distance), four at the group level (group speed, polarity, group size, and expanse), and two at the population level (percent of stragglers and collision rate). For the parameter space we examined, all factors except random noise were important in determining the emergent properties of the group, as characterized by our schooling metrics. In some cases, schooling behavior was affected strongly by the presence or absence of a factor, but not to the value of the factor (e.g., drag) or its functional form (e.g., alignment force). In other cases, the results depended entirely on the functional form of the factor (e.g., attraction-repulsion; neighbor scaling). our results indicate that a steep repulsion function is necessary to prevent collisions, and that this function must respond to local density. Second, a neutral zone must exist in which neither attraction nor repulsion operate. Third, to obtain polarity, there must be a modest alignment impulse, strong enough to induce polarity in the group, but weak enough to allow individual nonconformity Fourth, the number and weighting of influential neighbors is crucially important in maintaining school structure. Fifth, the speed of motion is clearly important, leading to strong differences in school packing, individual path curvature, and polarization, between rapidly moving (with no drag present) and slow-moving (with high drag present) groups. Finally, individuality or non-conformity to group behavior, which most authors represent by randomness, likely plays a role in determining schooling behavior, although it was not a strong factor in our model. Each of these factors is important in determining the local interactions that give rise to emergent properties in fish schools. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Viscido, SV (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM steven.viscido@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 26 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD AUG 10 PY 2007 VL 206 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 165 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.03.042 PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 192VM UT WOS:000248231500013 ER PT J AU Crosby, BT Whipple, KX Gasparini, NM Wobus, CW AF Crosby, Benjamin T. Whipple, Kelin X. Gasparini, Nicole M. Wobus, Cameron W. TI Formation of fluvial hanging valleys: Theory and simulation SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE LA English DT Article ID RIVER INCISION; NORTH-ISLAND; STREAM-POWER; NEW-ZEALAND; LANDSCAPE EVOLUTION; PROFILE EVOLUTION; BEDROCK INCISION; SEDIMENT-FLUX; WAIPAOA RIVER; KNICKPOINT AB Although only recently recognized, hanging tributary valleys in unglaciated, tectonically active landscapes are surprisingly common. Stream power-based river incision models do not provide a viable mechanism for the formation of fluvial hanging valleys. Thus these disequilibrium landforms present an opportunity to advance our understanding of river incision processes. In this work, we demonstrate that thresholds apparent in sediment flux-dependent bedrock incision rules provide mechanisms for the formation of hanging valleys in response to transient pulses of river incision. We simplify recently published river incision models in order to derive analytical solutions for the conditions required for hanging valley formation and use these results to guide numerical landscape evolution simulations. Analytical and numerical results demonstrate that during the response to base level fall, sediment flux-dependent incision rules may create either temporary or permanent hanging valleys. These hanging valleys form as a consequence of (1) rapid main stem incision oversteepening tributary junctions beyond some threshold slope or ( 2) low tributary sediment flux response during the pulse of main stem incision, thus limiting the tributary's capacity to keep pace with main stem incision. The distribution of permanent and temporary hanging valleys results from four competing factors: the magnitude of base level fall, the upstream attenuation of the incision signal, the lag time of the sediment flux response, and the nonsystematic variation in tributary drainage areas within the stream network. The development of hanging valleys in landscapes governed by sediment flux-dependent incision rules limits the transmission of base level fall signals through the channel network, ultimately increasing basin response time. C1 MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Idaho State Univ, Dept Geosci, Pocatello, ID USA. Arizona State Univ, Sch Earth & Space Explorat, Tempe, AZ USA. Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT USA. Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Crosby, BT (reprint author), MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM crosby@alum.mit.edu RI Gasparini, Nicole/H-1072-2012; Gasparini, Nicole/E-2125-2016; OI Gasparini, Nicole/0000-0002-0803-3697; Wobus, Cameron/0000-0002-9654-1738 NR 51 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9003 EI 2169-9011 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-EARTH JI J. Geophys. Res.-Earth Surf. PD AUG 9 PY 2007 VL 112 IS F3 AR F03S10 DI 10.1029/2006JF000566 PG 20 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 202AM UT WOS:000248873900002 ER PT J AU Plusquellic, DF Pratt, DW AF Plusquellic, David F. Pratt, David W. TI Probing the electronic structure of peptide bonds using methyl groups SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID NATURAL-POPULATION ANALYSIS; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE; MM3 FORCE-FIELD; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; ROTATIONAL BARRIERS; AMIDE RESONANCE; FORMAMIDE; DIFFRACTION; PROTEINS AB The observed V-3 torsional barriers measured by microwave spectroscopy for nine methyl groups attached alpha to peptide bond linkages in five gas-phase biomimetics have been found to differ considerably from one molecule to the next and even depend on the position of substitution, being sensitive to structural changes at the other end of the peptide bond. In the search for an explanation for these results, ab initio calculations have been performed at the HF/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory and interpreted in terms of the natural bond orbitals and resonance structures of the peptide bond. These calculations reveal that resonance delocalization in peptide bonds is influenced by methyl conformation through the coupling of vicinal sigma to sigma* orbital interactions with the n to pi*. Thus, CN double-bond character increases (and CO double-bond character decreases) as the methyl group is rotated from the syn to the anti position. A quasilinear correlation exists between the barriers to internal rotation of attached methyl groups and the relative importance of the two principal resonance structures that contribute to the peptide bond. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. RP Plusquellic, DF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.plusquellic@nist.gov NR 52 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 9 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 31 BP 7391 EP 7397 DI 10.1021/jp070846q PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 196JX UT WOS:000248478700018 PM 17585842 ER PT J AU Perkins, BG Nesbitt, DJ AF Perkins, Bradford G., Jr. Nesbitt, David J. TI Quantum-state-resolved CO2 scattering dynamics at the gas-liquid interface: Dependence on incident angle SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DIRECT INELASTIC-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-BEAM SCATTERING; SIMPLE CLASSICAL MODEL; ROTOR RIGID SURFACE; HARD-CUBE MODEL; -> H EXCHANGE; ENERGY-TRANSFER; SOLID-SURFACES; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES AB Energy transfer dynamics at the gas-liquid interface have been probed with a supersonic molecular beam of CO2 and a clean perfluorinated-liquid surface in vacuum. High-resolution infrared spectroscopy measures both the rovibrational state populations and the translational distributions for the scattered CO2 flux. The present study investigates collision dynamics as a function of incident angle (theta(inc) = 0 degrees, 30 degrees, 45 degrees, and 60 degrees), where column-integrated quantum state populations are detected along the specular-scattering direction (i.e., theta(scat) approximate to theta(inc)). Internal state rovibrational and Doppler translational distributions in the scattered CO2 yield clear evidence for nonstatistical behavior, providing quantum-state-resolved support for microscopic branching of the gas-liquid collision dynamics into multiple channels. Specifically, the data are remarkably well described by a two-temperature model, which can be associated with both a trapping desorption (TD) component emerging at the surface temperature (T-rot approximate to T-S) and an impulsive scattering (IS) component appearing at hyperthermal energies (T-rot > T-S). The branching ratio between the TD and IS channels is found to depend strongly on theta(inc), with the IS component growing dramatically with increasingly steeper angle of incidence. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Nesbitt, DJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 73 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 9 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 31 BP 7420 EP 7430 DI 10.1021/jp0709048 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 196JX UT WOS:000248478700022 PM 17580831 ER PT J AU Najjar, RG Jin, X Louanchi, F Aumont, O Caldeira, K Doney, SC Dutay, JC Follows, M Gruber, N Joos, F Lindsay, K Maier-Reimer, E Matear, RJ Matsumoto, K Monfray, P Mouchet, A Orr, JC Plattner, GK Sarmiento, JL Schlitzer, R Slater, RD Weirig, MF Yamanaka, Y Yool, A AF Najjar, R. G. Jin, X. Louanchi, F. Aumont, O. Caldeira, K. Doney, S. C. Dutay, J.-C. Follows, M. Gruber, N. Joos, F. Lindsay, K. Maier-Reimer, E. Matear, R. J. Matsumoto, K. Monfray, P. Mouchet, A. Orr, J. C. Plattner, G.-K. Sarmiento, J. L. Schlitzer, R. Slater, R. D. Weirig, M.-F. Yamanaka, Y. Yool, A. TI Impact of circulation on export production, dissolved organic matter, and dissolved oxygen in the ocean: Results from Phase II of the Ocean Carbon-cycle Model Intercomparison Project (OCMIP-2) SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Review ID NET COMMUNITY PRODUCTION; ONE-DIMENSIONAL MODEL; MEAN ANNUAL CYCLE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SARGASSO SEA; DEEP-OCEAN; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; SURFACE WATERS; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; NORTH-ATLANTIC AB Results are presented of export production, dissolved organic matter (DOM) and dissolved oxygen simulated by 12 global ocean models participating in the second phase of the Ocean Carbon-cycle Model Intercomparison Project. A common, simple biogeochemical model is utilized in different coarse-resolution ocean circulation models. The model mean (+/- 1 sigma) downward flux of organic matter across 75 m depth is 17 +/- 6 Pg C yr(-1). Model means of globally averaged particle export, the fraction of total export in dissolved form, surface semilabile dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and seasonal net outgassing (SNO) of oxygen are in good agreement with observation-based estimates, but particle export and surface DOC are too high in the tropics. There is a high sensitivity of the results to circulation, as evidenced by (1) the correlation of surface DOC and export with circulation metrics, including chlorofluorocarbon inventory and deep-ocean radiocarbon, (2) very large intermodel differences in Southern Ocean export, and (3) greater export production, fraction of export as DOM, and SNO in models with explicit mixed layer physics. However, deep-ocean oxygen, which varies widely among the models, is poorly correlated with other model indices. Cross-model means of several biogeochemical metrics show better agreement with observation-based estimates when restricted to those models that best simulate deep-ocean radiocarbon. Overall, the results emphasize the importance of physical processes in marine biogeochemical modeling and suggest that the development of circulation models can be accelerated by evaluating them with marine biogeochemical metrics. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. IPSL IRD, LOCEAN, F-29280 Brest, France. Carnegie Inst, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. CEA Saclay, LSCE, CNRS, UVSQ IPSL, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. ETH, Inst Biogeochem & Pollutant Dynam, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. Univ Bern, Climate & Environm Phys Phys Inst, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. NCAR, Oceanog Sect, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Inst Sci Mer & Amenagement Littoral, Algiers, Algeria. Max Planck Inst Meteorol, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. CSIRO, Div Marine Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. Univ Paris, Inst Natl Sci, Sect Ocean Atmosphere, Paris, France. Univ Liege, Dept Astrophys Geophys & Oceanog, Liege, Belgium. Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-2850 Bremerhaven, Germany. Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Environm Earth Sci, Kita Ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. Natl Oceanog Ctr, Ocean Modelling & Forecasting Grp, Southampton SO14 3ZH, Hants, England. RP Najjar, RG (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM najjar@meteo.psu.edu; xjin@ucla.edu; f_louanchi@ismal.net; olivier.aumont@ird.fr; kcaldeira@globalecology.stanford.edu; sdoney@whoi.edu; jean-claude.dutay@cea.fr; mick@mit.edu; nicolas.gruber@env.ethz.ch; joos@climate.unibe.ch; klindsay@ucar.edu; ernst.maier-reimer@zmaw.de; richard.matear@hba.marine.csiro.au; katsumi@umn.edu; monfrayp@cnrs-dir.fr; a.mouchet@ulg.ac.be; j.orr@iaea.org; plattner@climate.unibe.ch; jls@princeton.edu; reiner.schlitzer@awi.de; rdslater@splash.princeton.edu; mwweirig@awi.de; galapen@ees.hokudai.ac.jp; axy@noc.soton.ac.uk RI Orr, James/C-5221-2009; Gruber, Nicolas/B-7013-2009; Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Follows, Michael/G-9824-2011; Yool, Andrew/B-4799-2012; matear, richard/C-5133-2011; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Mouchet, Anne/K-1911-2014; Aumont, Olivier/G-5207-2016; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro/H-7393-2012; Plattner, Gian-Kasper/A-5245-2016 OI Joos, Fortunat/0000-0002-9483-6030; Orr, James/0000-0002-8707-7080; Gruber, Nicolas/0000-0002-2085-2310; Yool, Andrew/0000-0002-9879-2776; Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Mouchet, Anne/0000-0002-8846-3063; Aumont, Olivier/0000-0003-3954-506X; Yamanaka, Yasuhiro/0000-0003-3369-3248; Plattner, Gian-Kasper/0000-0002-3765-0045 NR 112 TC 115 Z9 116 U1 2 U2 43 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 8 PY 2007 VL 21 IS 3 AR GB3007 DI 10.1029/2006GB002857 PG 22 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201ZX UT WOS:000248872300003 ER PT J AU Li, QL Koo, SM Edelstein, MD Suehle, JS Richter, CA AF Li, Qiliang Koo, Sang-Mo Edelstein, Monica D. Suehle, John S. Richter, Curt A. TI Silicon nanowire electromechanical switches for logic device application SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FABRICATION; TRANSISTOR; NANOTUBES; GROWTH AB We report the fabrication and characterization of nanowire electromechanical switches consisting of chemical-vapour-deposition-grown silicon nanowires suspended over metal electrodes. The devices operate as transistors with the suspended part of the nanowire bent to touch metal electrodes via electromechanical force by applying voltage. The reversible switching, large on/off current ratio, small subthreshold slope and low switching energy compared to current CMOSFET make the switches very attractive for logic device application. In addition, we have developed a physical model to investigate the switching characteristics and extract the material properties. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Kwangwoon Univ, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Seoul 139701, South Korea. RP Li, QL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond Elect Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Qiliang.Li@nist.gov; Curt.Richter@nist.gov RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG 8 PY 2007 VL 18 IS 31 AR 315202 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/18/31/315202 PG 5 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 192VI UT WOS:000248231100004 ER PT J AU Garcia, SP Semancik, S AF Garcia, Simon P. Semancik, Steve TI Controlling the morphology of zinc oxide nanorods crystallized from aqueous solutions: The effect of crystal growth modifiers on aspect ratio SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID DEFINED ZNO MICROPARTICLES; CONTROLLED PRECIPITATION; SOLAR-CELLS; FABRICATION; PARTICLES; HYDROXIDE; CHEMISTRY; FILMS AB The effect of growth modifiers on the morphology of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods crystallized from solution is characterized. During hydrolysis of zinc nitrate at pH = 7.6 and 75 degrees C, hexagonally prismatic ZnO crystals were grown in the presence of three growth modifiers: poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDADMAC), sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS), and trisodium citrate. Using statistical analyses of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, crystal dimensions were quantified, and the median aspect ratio (ratio of prism length to width) was determined as a function of modifier concentration. In the absence of growth modifiers, the median crystal aspect ratio was 5.2. The aspect ratio was reduced to 4.7, 2.5, and 0.25 in the presence of, respectively, 67 nmol/L (nM) PDADMAC, 130 nM PSS, and 40 mu mol/L (mu M) citrate. These effects are explained in terms of both electrostatic and coordinative binding between growth modifier and crystal surface. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Garcia, SP (reprint author), Kenyon Coll, Dept Chem, Gambier, OH 43022 USA. NR 34 TC 69 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 39 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD AUG 7 PY 2007 VL 19 IS 16 BP 4016 EP 4022 DI 10.1021/cm061977r PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 195VE UT WOS:000248439400023 ER PT J AU Guo, H Penner, JE Herzog, M Xie, SC AF Guo, Huan Penner, Joyce E. Herzog, Michael Xie, Shaocheng TI Investigation of the first and second aerosol indirect effects using data from the May 2003 Intensive Operational Period at the Southern Great Plains SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; WATER CLOUDS; PHASE-III; PARAMETERIZATION; STRATOCUMULUS; SURFACE AB The Active Tracer High-Resolution Atmospheric Model is used to examine the aerosol indirect effect (AIE) for a spring continental stratus cloud on the basis of data collected during the 17 May 2003 Aerosol Intensive Operation Period (AIOP) at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement ( ARM) Program Southern Great Plains site. Model results for our base case, which uses observed aerosol concentrations, agree reasonably well with the available observations, giving confidence that the basic model is reasonable. Sensitivity tests are performed to explore the response of the clouds to changes in the aerosol number concentration and surface fluxes. During the major part of the simulation, from 0630 through 1400 local standard time ( LST), an increase in the aerosol number concentration ( Na) results in a decrease of the mean cloud droplet size and an increase of the cloud liquid water path ( LWP) until aerosol number concentration levels reach 1200 cm(-3). Further increases in aerosol concentration do not increase the liquid water path because the depletion of cloud water by precipitation is negligible above this number concentration. After 1400 LST, the liquid water path decreases when aerosols increase as long as N(a) < 600 cm(-3) and remains unchanged for higher aerosol concentrations. The decrease of LWP is associated with the evaporative cooling below cloud base which leads to more condensation of water vapor, a result that is consistent with afternoon satellite observations of the response of continental clouds to increases in droplet concentrations. A sensitivity test with a stronger surface latent flux increases both the cloud geometrical thickness and cloud water content. On the other hand, a sensitivity test with a stronger surface sensible heat flux leads to a higher cloud base and a shallower and drier cloud. The response of the cloud geometrical thickness to changes in surface sensible heat flux dominates that of the cloud water content. The cloud fraction is also reduced at the end of the simulation time period. Because the surface heat fluxes will likely change when aerosol and droplet number concentrations change, these sensitivity tests show that a fully coupled simulation with a land surface model will be needed to fully assess the response of the cloud to changing aerosol concentrations. Nevertheless, since the thermodynamic boundary layer profiles do not change significantly when aerosol concentrations are changed, our results for changing aerosol concentrations are qualitatively correct. C1 Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08452 USA. Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. RP Guo, H (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 1546 Space Res Bldg,2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Herzog, Michael/B-4722-2010; Penner, Joyce/J-1719-2012; Xie, Shaocheng/D-2207-2013; Guo, Huan/D-8282-2014 OI Xie, Shaocheng/0000-0001-8931-5145; NR 50 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 7 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D15 AR D15206 DI 10.1029/2006JD007173 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 202AA UT WOS:000248872600001 ER PT J AU Chen, WR Porcar, L Liu, Y Butler, PD Magid, LJ AF Chen, Wei-Ren Porcar, Lionel Liu, Yun Butler, Paul D. Magid, Linda J. TI Small angle neutron scattering studies of the counterion effects on the molecular conformation and structure of charged g4 PAMAM dendrimers in aqueous solutions SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID POLY(PROPYLENE IMINE) DENDRIMERS; DIFFUSE INTERFACES; DYNAMICS; POLYMERS; PH; SIMULATION; GENERATION; PROTEINS; MICELLAR; SOLVENT AB The structural properties of generation 4 (G4) poly(amidoamine) starburst dendrimers (PAMAM) with an ethylenediamine (EDA) central core in D2O solutions have been studied by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). Upon the addition of DCl, SANS patterns show pronounced inter-particle correlation peaks due to the strong repulsion introduced by the protonation of the amino groups of the dendrimers. By solving the Ornstein-Zernike integral equation (OZ) with hypernetted chain closure (HNC), the dendrimer-dendrimer structure factor S(Q) is determined and used to fit the experimental data, where Q is the magnitude of the scattering wave vector. Quantitative information such as the effective charge per dendrimer and the radius of gyration, R-G, at different pD values is obtained. The results show that R-G only changes by about 4% when the pD value varies from 10.25 to 4.97, and significant counterion association/condensation occurs, strongly mediating the inter-dendrimer interaction. The influence of interplay between counterions and molecular protonation of dendrimers imposes a strong effect on the dendrimer conformation and effective interaction. Although the change of R-G is very small, careful analyses of the high Q data and fitting parameters indicate a possible internal structure change of a dendrimer when the amino groups are progressively charged. C1 Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Magid, LJ (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM lmagid@utk.edu RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 NR 57 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 6 U2 50 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 7 PY 2007 VL 40 IS 16 BP 5887 EP 5898 DI 10.1021/ma0626564 PG 12 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 195VG UT WOS:000248439700034 ER PT J AU Levin, I Slutsker, J Li, JH Tan, ZP Roytburd, AL AF Levin, Igor Slutsker, Julia Li, Jianhua Tan, Zhuopeng Roytburd, Alexander L. TI Accommodation of transformation strains in transverse multiferroic nanostructures CoFe2O4-PbTiO3 SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMIC THEORY; BEHAVIOR AB Variable-temperature x-ray diffraction was used to investigate the internal strains that arise from a ferroelectric phase transition in self-assembled multiferroic nanostructures CoFe2O4-PbTiO3 on (001) SrTiO3. The constraints from CoFe2O4 suppressed the c/a ratio in tetragonal PbTiO3 (without affecting its Curie temperature) while the expansion of the out-of-plane lattice parameter in PbTiO3 upon the transition induced tensile out-of-plane strain in CoFe2O4. The transformation strain was partly relieved by the 90 degrees twin domains in PbTiO3 which reduced the net deformation of the component phases. Significant fractions of both c- and a-domains were observed despite the nanoscale of PbTiO3 in the composite films. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 6 AR 062912 DI 10.1063/1.2768890 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 198XS UT WOS:000248661400102 ER PT J AU Meier, DC Semancik, S Button, B Strelcov, E Kolmakov, A AF Meier, Douglas C. Semancik, Steve Button, Bradley Strelcov, Evgheni Kolmakov, Andrei TI Coupling nanowire chemiresistors with MEMS microhotplate gas sensing platforms SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OXIDE NANOBELTS; THIN-FILMS; SENSORS; IDENTIFICATION AB Recent advances in nanotechnology have yielded materials and structures that offer great potential for improving the sensitivity, selectivity, stability, and speed of next-generation chemical gas sensors. To fabricate practical devices, the "bottom-up" approach of producing nanoscale sensing elements must be integrated with the "top-down" methodology currently dominating microtechnology. In this letter, the authors illustrate this approach by coupling a single-crystal SnO2 nanowire sensing element with a microhotplate gas sensor platform. The sensing results obtained using this prototype sensor demonstrate encouraging performance aspects including reduced operating temperature, reduced power consumption, good stability, and enhanced sensitivity. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. So Illinois Univ, Dept Phys, Carbondale, IL 62901 USA. RP Meier, DC (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM akolmakov@physics.siu.edu RI Kolmakov, Andrei/A-9095-2011; Strelcov, Evgheni/H-1654-2013; Kolmakov, Andrei/B-1460-2017 OI Kolmakov, Andrei/0000-0001-5299-4121 NR 25 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 6 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 6 AR 063118 DI 10.1063/1.2768861 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 198XS UT WOS:000248661400124 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Xie, XP Takesue, H Nam, SW Langrock, C Fejer, MM Yamamoto, Y AF Zhang, Qiang Xie, Xiuping Takesue, Hiroki Nam, Sae Woo Langrock, Carsten Fejer, M. M. Yamamoto, Yoshihisa TI Correlated photon-pair generation in reverse-proton-exchange PPLN waveguides with integrated mode demultiplexer at 10 GHz clock SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID POLED LITHIUM-NIOBATE; QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY; 1.5-MU-M BAND; BELL THEOREM; DETECTOR; FIBER AB We report 10-ps correlated photon pair generation in periodically-poled reverse-proton- exchange lithium niobate waveguides with integrated mode demultiplexer at a wavelength of 1.5-mu m and a clock of 10 GHz. Using superconducting single photon detectors, we observed a coincidence to accidental count ratio (CAR) as high as 4000. The developed photon-pair source may find broad application in quantum information systems as well as quantum entanglement experiments. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Lab, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM qiangzh@stanford.edu RI 张, 强/B-1292-2012; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa/A-2811-2012; Takesue, Hiroki/J-4514-2012 NR 15 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 6 PY 2007 VL 15 IS 16 BP 10288 EP 10293 DI 10.1364/OE.15.010288 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 200GY UT WOS:000248753100040 PM 19547378 ER PT J AU Lovejoy, S Tuck, AF Hovde, SJ Schertzer, D AF Lovejoy, S. Tuck, A. F. Hovde, S. J. Schertzer, D. TI Is isotropic turbulence relevant in the atmosphere? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SCALE-INVARIANCE; SPECTRA; STATISTICS; VELOCITY AB The problem of turbulence is ubiquitous in the Earth sciences, astrophysics and elsewhere. Virtually the only theoretical paradigm that has been seriously considered is strongly isotropic in the sense that scaling exponents are the same in all directions so that any remaining anisotropy is ``trivial.'' Using 235 state-of-the-art drop sonde data sets of the horizontal wind at approximate to 5 m resolution in the vertical, we show that the atmosphere is apparently outside the scope of these isotropic frameworks. It suggests that anisotropy may frequently be strong requiring different scaling exponents in the horizontal and vertical directions. C1 McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. Univ Quebec, Ctr GEOTOP UQAM McGill, Montreal, PQ H3C 3P8, Canada. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Chem Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Ecole Natl Ponts & Chaussees, Ctr Enseignement & Res Eau Ville Environm, F-77455 Marne La Vallee, France. Ctr Natl Rech Meteorol, Paris, France. RP Lovejoy, S (reprint author), McGill Univ, Dept Phys, 3600 Univ ST, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. EM lovejoy@physics.mcgill.ca RI Lovejoy, Shaun/E-8019-2011; Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Lovejoy, Shaun/0000-0002-9367-3137; Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538; NR 31 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 15 AR L15802 DI 10.1029/2007GL029359 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 198AI UT WOS:000248599000001 ER PT J AU Cohen, O Zhang, XS Lytle, AL Popmintchev, T Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Cohen, Oren Zhang, Xiaoshi Lytle, Amy L. Popmintchev, Tenio Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. TI Grating-assisted phase matching in extreme nonlinear optics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; X-RAYS; WAVE-GUIDES; LIGHT; PLASMA AB We propose a new technique for phase matching high harmonic generation that can be used for generating bright, tabletop, tunable, and coherent x-ray sources at keV photon energies. A weak quasi-cw counterpropagating field induces a sinusoidal modulation in the phase of the emitted harmonics that can be used for correcting the large plasma-induced phase mismatch. We develop an analytical model that describes this grating-assisted x-ray phase matching and predicts that very modest intensities (< 10(10) W/cm(2)) of quasi-cw counterpropagating fields are required for implementation. C1 Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cohen, O (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM oren.cohen@colorado.edu RI Popmintchev, Tenio/B-6715-2008; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; Lytle, Amy/B-8483-2015 OI Popmintchev, Tenio/0000-0002-2023-2226; Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; NR 26 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 3 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 5 AR 053902 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.053902 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 197ZW UT WOS:000248597500021 PM 17930753 ER PT J AU Prados, AI Kondragunta, S Ciren, P Knapp, KR AF Prados, Ana I. Kondragunta, Shobha Ciren, Pubu Knapp, Kenneth R. TI GOES Aerosol/Smoke product (GASP) over North America: Comparisons to AERONET and MODIS observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RESOLUTION IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; OPTICAL DEPTH; LAND; VALIDATION; REFLECTANCE; ALGORITHM; IMAGERY; SIGNAL AB [1] The GOES Aerosol/Smoke Product (GASP) is a retrieval of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) using visible imagery. The product currently runs operationally at NOAA/NESDIS in near-real time at 30 min intervals. This high temporal resolution is not possible with polar orbiting instruments which produce one daily image. This work evaluates the GASP AOD from the GOES-12 Imager over North America at various temporal and spatial scales based on comparisons with AOD from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). We find a mean GASP/AERONET correlation of 0.79, rms difference of 0.13 and slope of 0.8, based on a statistical analysis at 10 northeastern U. S. and Canadian sites. The GASP AOD has a slight negative bias when the AOD is greater than 0.35 and a positive bias elsewhere. The absolute bias is less than 30% when the AOD is greater than 0.1. When the AOD is less than 0.15 we find poor correlation and biases greater than 30%. The GASP/AERONET statistics also indicate that GASP can be used to examine the seasonal and diurnal variability in the AOD over the eastern United States between 1215 and 2115 UTC. GASP/AERONET AOD correlations were generally less than 0.5 elsewhere in the continental United States. Comparisons between the MODIS and GASP AOD over the eastern United States in the summer of 2004 showed agreement within 20% and correlations greater than 0.7 under elevated AOD conditions. Simultaneous comparisons between GASP, MODIS, and AERONET AODs showed good agreement over the northeastern United States and Canada, with higher correlation and lower rms differences in the MODIS/AERONET comparisons than in the GASP/AERONET comparisons. C1 Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. QSS Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Natl Climat Data Ctr, RSAD, Asheville, NC 28806 USA. RP Prados, AI (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, 5523 Res Pk Dr,Suite 320, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM aprados@umbc.edu; shobha.kondragunta@noaa.gov; pubu.ciren@noaa.gov; ken.knapp@noaa.gov RI Ciren, Pubu/E-6542-2011; Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 NR 20 TC 42 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 2 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D15 AR D15201 DI 10.1029/2006JD007968 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 198AS UT WOS:000248600000001 ER PT J AU Friedrichs, MAM Dusenberry, JA Anderson, LA Armstrong, RA Chai, F Christian, JR Doney, SC Dunne, J Fujii, M Hood, R McGillicuddy, DJ Moore, JK Schartau, M Spitz, YH Wiggert, JD AF Friedrichs, Marjorie A. M. Dusenberry, Jeffrey A. Anderson, Laurence A. Armstrong, Robert A. Chai, Fei Christian, James R. Doney, Scott C. Dunne, John Fujii, Masahiko Hood, Raleigh McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Moore, J. Keith Schartau, Markus Spitz, Yvette H. Wiggert, Jerry D. TI Assessment of skill and portability in regional marine biogeochemical models: Role of multiple planktonic groups SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID DIMENSIONAL ECOSYSTEM MODEL; CENTRAL EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL MODEL; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; CENTRAL ARABIAN SEA; PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; NITROGEN-FIXATION; DATA ASSIMILATION AB [1] Application of biogeochemical models to the study of marine ecosystems is pervasive, yet objective quantification of these models' performance is rare. Here, 12 lower trophic level models of varying complexity are objectively assessed in two distinct regions (equatorial Pacific and Arabian Sea). Each model was run within an identical one-dimensional physical framework. A consistent variational adjoint implementation assimilating chlorophyll-a, nitrate, export, and primary productivity was applied and the same metrics were used to assess model skill. Experiments were performed in which data were assimilated from each site individually and from both sites simultaneously. A cross-validation experiment was also conducted whereby data were assimilated from one site and the resulting optimal parameters were used to generate a simulation for the second site. When a single pelagic regime is considered, the simplest models fit the data as well as those with multiple phytoplankton functional groups. However, those with multiple phytoplankton functional groups produced lower misfits when the models are required to simulate both regimes using identical parameter values. The cross-validation experiments revealed that as long as only a few key biogeochemical parameters were optimized, the models with greater phytoplankton complexity were generally more portable. Furthermore, models with multiple zooplankton compartments did not necessarily outperform models with single zooplankton compartments, even when zooplankton biomass data are assimilated. Finally, even when different models produced similar least squares model-data misfits, they often did so via very different element flow pathways, highlighting the need for more comprehensive data sets that uniquely constrain these pathways. C1 Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 11794 USA. Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Victoria, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Hokkaido Univ, Creat Res Initiat, Hokkaido, Japan. Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Inst Coastal Res, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RP Friedrichs, MAM (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RI Armstrong, Robert/C-9086-2009; Doney, Scott/F-9247-2010; Dunne, John/F-8086-2012; OI Doney, Scott/0000-0002-3683-2437; Dunne, John/0000-0002-8794-0489; Anderson, Laurence/0000-0002-4281-6847; Friedrichs, Marjorie/0000-0003-2828-7595 NR 83 TC 131 Z9 134 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 2 PY 2007 VL 112 IS C8 AR C08001 DI 10.1029/2006JC003852 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 198BG UT WOS:000248601400001 ER PT J AU To, TT Heilweil, EJ Duke, CB Burkey, TJ AF To, Tung T. Heilweil, Edwin J. Duke, Charles B., III Burkey, Theodore J. TI Solvent and structural effects on ultrafast chelation dynamics of arene chromium tricarbonyl sulfide derivatives SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID PENDANT SULFIDES; METAL-CARBONYLS; PHOTOLYSIS; ORGANOMETALLICS; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; ACETONITRILE; DISSOCIATION; ENERGETICS; SWITCHES; LIGAND AB The chelation dynamics of three new [Cr{eta(6)-C6H5C(O)R}(CO)(3)] complexes, 1 [R = CH2(SCH3)], 2 [R = CH(SCH3)(2)], and 3 [R = C(SCH3)(3)], has been investigated on the picosecond to millisecond time scales by UV pump/IR probe transient absorption spectroscopy following photodissociation of CO in room temperature n-heptane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), and acetonitrile. In n-heptane, UV irradiation of 1, 2, or 3 dissociates CO to initially yield a Cr-S chelate (in which the pendant sulfide moiety is coordinated to the metal center) and a transient Cr-heptane solvate in approximately 1:2, 1:2, and 2:1 ratios, respectively. The Cr-heptane solvate is unstable and converts to the Cr-S chelate within 30 ns in each case. Irradiation of 2 or 3 in THF yields both the Cr-S chelate and Cr-THF solvate in approximately 1:3 and 1:1 ratios, respectively. The Cr-THF solvate converts to the Cr-S chelate on the second or longer time scale. All three complexes appear to yield the Cr-NCCH3 solvate exclusively within 50 ps following irradiation in acetonitrile. The solvent effect on chelation is in striking contrast to that previously reported for the analogous RCpMn(CO)(3) derivatives, 4-6. In acetonitrile, only chelation is observed for the Mn series and only solvent coordination is observed for the Cr series, but in heptane both chelation and solvent coordination are observed in both series. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Opt Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heilweil, EJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Opt Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.heilweil@nist.gov NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 2 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 30 BP 6933 EP 6937 DI 10.1021/jp071172m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 194AM UT WOS:000248316300005 PM 17628047 ER PT J AU Widegren, JA Wang, YM Henderson, WA Magee, JW AF Widegren, Jason A. Wang, Yi-Ming Henderson, Wesley A. Magee, Joseph W. TI Relative volatilities of ionic liquids by vacuum distillation of mixtures SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES; 1-N-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; COHESIVE ENERGY; VAPOR-PRESSURE; IN-VACUO; TEMPERATURE; SOLVENTS; VAPORIZATION AB The relative volatilities of a variety of common ionic liquids have been determined for the first time. Equimolar mixtures of ionic liquids were vacuum-distilled in a glass sublimation apparatus at approximately 473 K. The composition of the initial distillate, determined by NMR spectroscopy, was used to establish the relative volatility of each ionic liquid in the mixture. The effect of alkyl chain length was studied by distilling mixtures of 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids, or mixtures of N-alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids, with different alkyl chain lengths. For both classes of salts, the volatility is highest when the alkyl side chain is a butyl group. The effect of cation structure on volatility has been determined by distilling mixtures containing different types of cations. Generally speaking, ionic liquids based on imidazolium and pyridinium cations are more volatile than ionic liquids based on ammonium and pyrrolidinium cations, regardless of the types of counterions present. Similarly, ionic liquids based on the anions [(C2F5SO2)(2)N](-), [(C4F9SO2)(CF3SO2)N](-) , and [(CF3SO2)(2)N](-) are more volatile than ionic liquids based on [(CF3SO2)(3)C](-) and [CF3SO3](-), and are much more volatile than ionic liquids based on [PF6](-). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Widegren, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jason.widegren@nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009; Wang, Yiming/I-7397-2016 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593; Wang, Yiming/0000-0001-6414-0908 NR 34 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD AUG 2 PY 2007 VL 111 IS 30 BP 8959 EP 8964 DI 10.1021/jp072964j PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 194AG UT WOS:000248315700039 PM 17616224 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Srolovitz, DJ Douglas, JF Warren, JA AF Zhang, Hao Srolovitz, David J. Douglas, Jack F. Warren, James A. TI Atomic motion during the migration of general [001] tilt grain boundaries in Ni SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE grain boundary migration; atomistic mechanism; molecular dynamics ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; SIMULATION; DISLOCATIONS; LIQUIDS; DEPENDENCE; MECHANISM; MOBILITY; KINETICS; METALS AB We generalize a previous study of the atomic motions governing grain boundary migration to consider arbitrary misorientations of [001] tilt boundaries. Our examination of the nature of atomic motions employed three statistical measures of atomic motion: the non-Gaussian parameter, the "dynamic entropy" and the van Hove correlation function. These metrics were previously shown to provide a useful characterization of atomic motions both in glass-forming liquids and strained polycrystalline materials. As before, we find highly cooperative, string-like motion of atoms, but the grain boundary migration itself is a longer timescale process in which atoms move across the grain boundary. These observations are consistent with our previous results for Sigma 5 [001] tilt boundaries. It is evident from our work that the grain boundary structure and misorientation have a significant influence on the rate of grain boundary migration. (C) 2007 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Yeshiva Univ, Yeshiva Coll, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10033 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymers Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, H (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM hzhang@princeton.edu RI Zhang, Hao/A-3272-2008; Warren, James/B-1698-2008 OI Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206 NR 29 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 55 IS 13 BP 4527 EP 4533 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.04.015 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 195UC UT WOS:000248436400029 ER PT J AU Lautenbacher, CC AF Lautenbacher, Conrad C., Jr. TI Keeping an eye on the planet SO AEROSPACE AMERICA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Washington, DC 20233 USA. RP Lautenbacher, CC (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC 20233 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0740-722X J9 AEROSPACE AM JI Aerosp. Am. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 45 IS 8 BP 3 EP 3 PG 1 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 196ZA UT WOS:000248521000001 ER PT J AU Schantz, MM Keller, JM Kucklick, JR Poster, DL Stapleton, HM Vander Pol, SS Wise, SA AF Schantz, Michele M. Keller, Jennifer M. Kucklick, John R. Poster, Dianne L. Stapleton, Heather M. Vander Pol, Stacy S. Wise, Stephen A. TI New standard reference material (SRM) 2585: Organic contaminants in house dust to support exposure assessment measurements SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS C1 NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. Duke Univ, Sch Environm Earth Sci, Durham, NC USA. RP Schantz, MM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Michele.Schantz@nist.gov RI Keller, Jennifer/C-5006-2008 NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 6 PU INT SCIENTIFIC COMMUN INC PI SHELTON PA PO BOX 870, 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484-0870 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 39 IS 15 SU N BP 22 EP + PG 4 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 209JL UT WOS:000249384700006 ER PT J AU Graneli, A Benkoski, JJ Hook, F AF Graneli, Annette Benkoski, Jason J. Hook, Fredrik TI Characterization of a proton pumping transmembrane protein incorporated into a supported three-dimensional matrix of proteoliposomes SO ANALYTICAL BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE biosensors; biomimetic synthesis; proteoliposomes; DNA; cholesterol; multilayers; fluorescence microscopy ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; NICOTINAMIDE NUCLEOTIDE TRANSHYDROGENASE; LIPID-BILAYERS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; QCM-D; MEMBRANE; VESICLES; DNA; IMMOBILIZATION; RECONSTITUTION AB Surface analytical tools have gained interest in the bioanalytical field during recent years because they offer the possibility of more detailed investigations of biomolecular interactions. To be able to use such tools, the biomolecules of interest must be immobilized to a surface in a functioning way. For small water-soluble biomolecules, the surface immobilization is quite straightforward, but it has been shown to be difficult for large transmembrane proteins. In those cases, the solid surface often has a negative influence on the function of the transmembrane proteins. In this article, we present a new approach for surface immobilization of transmembrane proteins where the proteins were immobilized on a surface in a proteoliposome multilayer structure. The surface-binding events and the structure of the surface-immobilized proteoliposomes were monitored using both the quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques. With this multilayer proteoliposome structure, it was possible to detect trypsin digestion of the transmembrane protein proton translocating nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase in real time using SPR. The results from the combined SPR and QCM-D analysis were confirmed by fluorescence microscopy imaging of the multilayer structure and activity measurements of transhydrogenase. These results showed that the activity of transhydrogenase was significantly decreased in the bottom layer, but in the subsequent proteoliposome layers 90% of the activity was retained compared with bulk measurements. These results emphasize the importance of an immobilization strategy where the transmembrane proteins are lifted off the solid surface at the same time as the amount of protein is increased. We consider this new method for surface immobilization of transmembrane proteins to meet these demands and that the method will improve the possibility to use a variety of surface analytical tools for the analysis of interactions involving transmembrane proteins in the future. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Lund Univ, Div Solid State Phys, SE-22100 Lund, Sweden. RP Graneli, A (reprint author), Univ Gothenburg, Dept Phys, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM annette.graneli@pliysics.gti.se RI Hook, Fredrik/F-6701-2010 NR 33 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 11 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0003-2697 J9 ANAL BIOCHEM JI Anal. Biochem. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 367 IS 1 BP 87 EP 94 DI 10.1016/j.ab.2007.03.031 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 187SM UT WOS:000247868800010 PM 17524345 ER PT J AU Campbell, K Stewart, LD Doucette, GJ Fodey, TL Haughey, SA Vilarino, N Kawatsu, K Elliott, CT AF Campbell, Katrina Stewart, Linda D. Doucette, Gregory J. Fodey, Terence L. Haughey, Simon A. Vilarino, Natalia Kawatsu, Kentaro Elliott, Christopher T. TI Assessment of specific binding proteins suitable for the detection of paralytic shellfish poisons using optical biosensor technology SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID STAPHYLOCOCCAL-ENTEROTOXIN-B; LINKED-IMMUNOSORBENT-ASSAY; MOUSE BIOASSAY; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; ENZYME-IMMUNOASSAY; PRECHROMATOGRAPHIC OXIDATION; QUANTITATIVE-DETERMINATION; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; DOMOIC ACID AB Paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxin monitoring in shellfish is currently performed using the internationally accredited AOAC mouse bioassay. Due to ethical and performance-related issues associated with this bioassay, the European Commission has recently published directives extending procedures that may be used for official PSP control. The feasibility of using a surface plasmon resonance optical biosensor to detect PSP toxins in shellfish tissue below regulatory levels was examined. Three different PSP toxin protein binders were investigated: a sodium channel receptor (SCR) preparation derived from rat brains, a monoclonal antibody (GT13-A) raised to gonyautoxin 2/3, and a rabbit polyclonal antibody (R895) raised to saxitoxin (STX). Inhibition assay formats were used throughout. Immobilization of STX to the biosensor chip surface was achieved via amino-coupling. Specific binding and inhibition of binding to this surface was achieved using all proteins tested. For STX calibration curves, 0 - 1000 ng/mL, IC50 values for each binder were as follows: SCR 8.11 ng/mL; GT13-A 5.77 ng/mL; and R895 1.56 ng/mL. Each binder demonstrated a different cross-reactivity profile against a range of STX analogues. R895 delivered a profile that was most likely to detect the widest range of PSP toxins at or below the internationally adopted regulatory limits. C1 Queens Univ Belfast, Inst Agri Food & Land Use, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth, Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. Agr Food & Biosci Inst, Belfast BT4 3SD, Antrim, North Ireland. Xenosense Ltd, Belfast BT3 9DT, Antrim, North Ireland. Univ Santiago Compostela, Fac Vet, Dept Farmacol, E-27002 Lugo, Spain. Osaka Prefectural Inst Publ Hlth, Div Bacteriol, Higashinari Ku, Osaka 5370025, Japan. RP Campbell, K (reprint author), Queens Univ Belfast, Inst Agri Food & Land Use, David Kei Bldg,Stranmillis Rd, Belfast BT9 5AG, Antrim, North Ireland. EM katrina.campbell@qub.ac.uk RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013; OI Vilarino, Natalia/0000-0001-6055-6359 NR 50 TC 56 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 31 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 79 IS 15 BP 5906 EP 5914 DI 10.1021/ac070342o PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 195UO UT WOS:000248437700066 PM 17580984 ER PT J AU Paranjpye, RN Johnson, AB Baxter, AE Strom, MS AF Paranjpye, Rohinee N. Johnson, Asta B. Baxter, Anne E. Strom, Mark S. TI Role of type IV pilins in persistence of Vibrio vulnificus in Crassostrea virginica oysters SO APPLIED AND ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MANNOSE-SENSITIVE HEMAGGLUTININ; BIOFILM FORMATION; MARINE BIVALVES; CHOLERAE O1; ADHERENCE; VIRULENCE; BACTERIA; CELLS; HOST; PURIFICATION AB Vibrio vulnificus is part of the natural estuarine microflora and accumulates in shellfish through filter feeding. It is responsible for the majority of seafood-associated fatalities in the United States mainly through consumption of raw oysters. Previously we have shown that a V. vulnificus mutant unable to express PiID, the type IV prepilin peptidase, does not express pili on the surface of the bacterium and is defective in adherence to human epithelial cells (R. N. Paranjpye, J. C. Lara, J. C. Pepe, C. M. Pepe, and M. S. Strom, Infect. Immun. 66:5659-5668, 1998). A mutant unable to express one of the type IV pilins, PilA, is also defective in adherence to epithelial cells as well as biofilm formation on abiotic surfaces (R. N. Paranjpye and M. S. Strom, Infect. Immun. 73:1411-1422, 2005). In this study we report that the loss of PilA or PRA significantly reduces the ability of V. vulnificus to persist in Crassostrea virginica over a 66-h interval, strongly suggesting that pili expressed by this bacterium play a role in colonization or persistence in oysters. C1 NOAA, US Dept Commerce, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Strom, MS (reprint author), NOAA, US Dept Commerce, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mark.strom@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 0099-2240 J9 APPL ENVIRON MICROB JI Appl. Environ. Microbiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 73 IS 15 BP 5041 EP 5044 DI 10.1128/AEM.00614-07 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 197WP UT WOS:000248587600040 PM 17557854 ER PT J AU Shaw, PS Li, ZG Arp, U Lykke, KR AF Shaw, Ping-Shine Li, Zhigang Arp, Uwe Lykke, Keith R. TI Ultraviolet characterization of integrating spheres SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE-STANDARD; SPECTRALON AB We have studied the performance of polytetrafluoroethylene integrating spheres in the ultraviolet (UV) region with wavelengths as short as 200 nm. Two techniques were used for this study; first, the spectral throughput of an integrating sphere irradiated by a deuterium lamp was analyzed by a monochromator. Second, a UV laser beam was directed into an integrating sphere, and spectrally dispersed laser induced fluorescence was studied. Significant absorption and fluorescence features were observed in the UV region and attributed to the contamination in the integrating sphere. We demonstrate that integrating spheres are easily contaminated by environmental pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons emitted from engine exhaust. Baking of the contaminated integrating sphere can reverse some but not all of the effects caused by contaminants. The implications for using integrating spheres for UV measurement are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shaw, PS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shaw@nist.gov RI Arp, Uwe/C-2854-2009; OI Arp, Uwe/0000-0002-6468-9455 NR 20 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 22 BP 5119 EP 5128 DI 10.1364/AO.46.005119 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 206EQ UT WOS:000249167100036 PM 17676122 ER PT J AU Cheung, J Gardner, JL Migdall, A Polyakov, S Ware, M AF Cheung, Jessica Gardner, James L. Migdall, Alan Polyakov, Sergey Ware, Michael TI High accuracy dual lens transmittance measurements SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We show how to determine the transmittance of short focal length lenses (f approximate to 19 mm and f approximate to 25 mm, in this case) with a combined uncertainty of 3 parts in 104 or better by measuring transmittances of lens pairs of a set of three or more lenses with the same nominal focal length. Uncertainties are minimized by optimizing the radiometric design of the setup and the measurement procedure. The technique is particularly useful in systems where the detector acceptance angle limits the beam geometry to relatively collimated beams. (C) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. Natl Measurement Inst, Lindfield, NSW 2070, Australia. Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Brigham Young Univ, Provo, UT 84602 USA. RP Polyakov, S (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM spoly@nist.gov NR 9 TC 5 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 46 IS 22 BP 5396 EP 5403 DI 10.1364/AO.46.005396 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 206EQ UT WOS:000249167100069 PM 17676155 ER PT J AU Quach, D Aldredge, RC Liu, HB Richards, WJ AF Quach, D. Aldredge, R. C. Liu, H. B. Richards, W. J. TI Thermal design study of a liquid hydrogen-cooled cold-neutron source SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE cold neutrons; neutron radiography; nuclear radiation; Monte Carlo simulation ID 2-PHASE FLOW; RADIOGRAPHY; VISUALIZATION AB The use of both liquid hydrogen as a moderator and polycrystalline beryllium as a filter to enhance cold neutron flux at the UC Davis McClellan Nuclear Radiation Center has been studied. Although, more work is needed before an actual cold neutron source can be designed and built, the purpose of this preliminary study is to investigate the effects of liquid hydrogen and the thickness of a beryllium filter on the cold neutron flux generated. Liquid hydrogen is kept at 20 K, while the temperature of beryllium is assumed to be 77 K in this study. Results from Monte Carlo simulations show that adding a liquid hydrogen vessel around the beam tube can increase cold neutron flux by more than an order of magnitude. As the thickness of the liquid hydrogen layer increases up to about half an inch, the flux of cold neutrons also increases. Increasing the layer thickness to more than half an inch gives no significant enhancement of cold neutron flux. Although, the simulations show that the cold neutron flux is almost independent of the thickness of beryllium at 77 K, the fraction of cold neutrons does drop along the beam tube. This may be due to the fact that the beam tube is not shielded for neutrons coming directly from the reactor core. Further design studies are necessary for to achieve complete filtering of undesired neutrons. A simple comparison analysis based on heat transfer due to neutron scattering and gamma-ray heating shows that the beryllium filter has a larger rate of change of temperature and its temperature is higher. As a result heat will be transferred from beryllium to liquid hydrogen, so that keeping liquid hydrogen at the desired temperature will be the most important step in the cooling process. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Calif Davis, McClellan Nucl Radiat Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Aldredge, RC (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM aldredge@ucdavis.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 11-12 BP 1817 EP 1822 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.01.010 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA 175ZE UT WOS:000247051700007 ER PT J AU Bocquet, F Helmig, D Oltmans, SJ AF Bocquet, Florence Helmig, Detlev Oltmans, Samuel J. TI Ozone in interstitial air of the mid-latitude, seasonal snowpack at Niwot Ridge, Colorado SO ARCTIC ANTARCTIC AND ALPINE RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SPRUCE-FIR FOREST; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SOUTH-POLE; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; NITROGEN CHEMISTRY; GREENLAND SNOWPACK; NATURAL-CONVECTION; ANTARCTIC SNOW; DRY DEPOSITION AB Ozone in interstitial air was studied in the seasonal, mid-latitude snowpack at a subalpine forest site at Niwot Ridge, Colorado, from January to June 2004. Sampling techniques were developed for continuous, vertical gradient measurements of ozone and temperature at four depths in the snowpack. During this time period, ozone in ambient air ranged from 15 to 80 ppbv, while in the snowpack ozone mixing ratios generally were below 5 ppbv, showed little variability, and decreased to less than 10% of ambient air levels within the first 10-20 cm below the surface. This ozone gradient (ambient air-snowpack air) appeared to be independent of solar radiation cycles. These findings are in contrast to similar studies in the polar snowpack, where a much deeper penetration of ozone into the snowpack and strong dependencies of the ozone gradient on incoming solar radiation levels has been reported. These observations imply that ozone levels in the seasonal, mid-latitude snowpack are determined by different processes, and overall are lower than in the year-round snowpack. A new question that needs to be addressed is to what degree these contrasting findings are caused by differences in the physical properties of these snowpacks (which will affect gas exchange processes), their chemical composition, and by the influence of the substrate below the snow and soil-snowpack-atmosphere gas exchange processes. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, ESRL, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Detiev.Helmig@colorado.edu NR 72 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 14 PU INST ARCTIC ALPINE RES PI BOULDER PA UNIV COLORADO, BOULDER, CO 80309 USA SN 1523-0430 J9 ARCT ANTARCT ALP RES JI Arct. Antarct. Alp. Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 39 IS 3 BP 375 EP 387 DI 10.1657/1523-0430(06-027) PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 217GJ UT WOS:000249936100004 ER PT J AU Harford, AG Gnedin, NY AF Harford, A. Gayler Gnedin, Nickolay Y. TI Star formation in a cosmological simulation of reionization SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmology : theory; galaxies : evolution; galaxies : formation; galaxies : high-redshift; galaxies : starburst; galaxies : stellar content; infrared : galaxies; large-scale structure of universe ID ULTRA-DEEP-FIELD; LYMAN-BREAK GALAXIES; ULTRAVIOLET LUMINOSITY DENSITY; PROBE WMAP OBSERVATIONS; HIGH-REDSHIFT GALAXIES; GOODS-SOUTH FIELDS; FORS DEEP; STELLAR MASS; COSMIC REIONIZATION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER AB We study the luminosity functions of high-redshift galaxies in detailed hydrodynamic simulations of cosmic reionization, which are designed to reproduce the evolution of the Ly alpha forest between z similar to 5 and similar to 6. We find that the luminosity functions and total stellar mass densities are in agreement with observations when plausible assumptions about reddening at z similar to 6 are made. Our simulations support the conclusion that stars alone reionized the universe. C1 Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Ctr Particle Astrophys, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. Univ Chicago, Kavli Inst Cosmol Phys, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. RP Harford, AG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM gharford@sif.colorado.edu; gnedin@fnal.gov NR 43 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 664 IS 2 BP 599 EP 607 DI 10.1086/519230 PN 1 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 199CY UT WOS:000248675000001 ER PT J AU Dibb, JE Albert, M Courville, Z Anastasio, C Galbavy, ES Atlas, E Beyersdorf, AJ Blake, DR Meinardi, S Rowland, FS Swanson, AL Blake, NJ Bocquet, F Cohen, L Helmig, D Burkhart, JF Frey, MM Friel, DK Hutterli, MA Chen, G Conway, TJ Oltrnans, SJ AF Dibb, Jack E. Albert, Mary Courville, Zoe Anastasio, Cort Galbavy, Edward S. Atlas, Elliot Beyersdorf, Andreas J. Blake, Donald R. Meinardi, Simone Rowland, F. Sherwood Swanson, Aaron L. Blake, Nicola J. Bocquet, Florence Cohen, Lana Helmig, Detlev Burkhart, John F. Frey, Markus M. Friel, Donna K. Hutterli, Manuel A. Chen, Gao Conway, Thomas J. Oltrnans, Sairitiel J. TI An overview of air-snow exchange at Summit, Greenland: Recent experiments and findings SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOUTH-POLE; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; ISCAT 2000; OH; TROPOSPHERE; CHEMISTRY; H2SO4; HNO3; SINK; NOX C1 Univ New Hampshire, CCRC EOS, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Calif Davis, Dept Land Air & Water Resources, Davis, CA 95616 USA. Univ Miami, Div Marine & Atomspher Chem, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. NASA Langley, Hampton, VA USA. NOAA, ESRL GMD, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Dibb, JE (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, CCRC EOS, Morse Hall,39 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jack.dibb@unh.edu RI Burkhart, John/B-7095-2008; Frey, Markus/G-1756-2012; Beyersdorf, Andreas/N-1247-2013; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Steig, Eric/G-9088-2015; OI Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693; Frey, Markus/0000-0003-0535-0416; Steig, Eric/0000-0002-8191-5549; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495 NR 39 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 41 IS 24 BP 4995 EP 5006 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.12.006 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 203PL UT WOS:000248986400001 ER PT J AU Helmig, D Oltmans, SJ Morse, TO Dibb, JE AF Helmig, Detlev Oltmans, Samuel J. Morse, Thomas O. Dibb, Jack E. TI What is causing high ozone at Summit, Greenland? SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE tropospheric ozone; snowpack-atmosphere gas exchange; snow photochemistry; synoptic transport ID DISPERSION MODEL FLEXPART; SURFACE SNOW; INTERSTITIAL AIR; CHEMISTRY; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; ATMOSPHERE; EXCHANGE AB Causes for the unusually high and seasonally anomalous ozone concentrations at Summit, Greenland were investigated. Surface data from continuous monitoring, ozone sonde data, tethered balloon vertical profiling data, correlation of ozone with the radionuclide tracers Be-7 and Pb-210, and synoptic transport analysis were used to identify processes that contribute to sources and sinks of ozone at Summit. Northern Hemisphere (NH) lower free troposphere ozone mixing ratios in the polar regions are similar to 20 ppbv higher than in Antarctica. Ozone at Summit, which is at 3212m above sea level, reflects its altitude location in the lower free troposphere. Transport events that bring high ozone and dry air, likely from lower stratospheric/higher tropospheric origin, were observed similar to 40% of time during June 2000. Comparison of ozone enhancements with radionuclide tracer records shows a year-round correlation of ozone with the stratospheric tracer Be-7. Summit lacks the episodic, sunrise ozone depletion events, which were found to reduce the annual, median ozone at NH coastal sites by up to similar to 3 ppbv. Synoptic trajectory analyses indicated that, under selected conditions, Summit encounters polluted continental air with increased ozone from central and western Europe. Low ozone surface deposition fluxes over long distances upwind of Summit reduce ozone deposition losses in comparison to other NH sites, particularly during the summer months. Surface-layer photochemical ozone production does not appear to have a noticeable influence on Summit's ozone levels. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM detlev.helmig@colorado.edu NR 29 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 41 IS 24 BP 5031 EP 5043 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.05.084 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 203PL UT WOS:000248986400004 ER PT J AU Cohen, L Helmig, D Neff, WD Grachev, AA Fairall, CW AF Cohen, Lana Helmig, Detlev Neff, William D. Grachev, Andrey A. Fairall, Christopher W. TI Boundary-layer dynamics and its influence on atmospheric chemistry at Summit, Greenland SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE polar boundary layer; seasonal changes; surface-atmosphere fluxes; surface layer chemistry ID SOUTH-POLE; ICE-SHEET; ISCAT 2000; HEIGHT; FLUXES; OZONE; NOX AB Sonic anemometer turbulence measurements were made at Summit, Greenland during summer 2004 and spring 2005. These measurements allow for the characterization of the variability of the atmospheric boundary layer at this site by describing seasonal and diurnal changes in sensible heat flux and boundary layer stability as well as providing estimates of mixing layer height. Diurnal sensible heat fluxes at Summit ranged from - 18 to -2 W m(-2) in the spring and from -7 to +10 W m(-2) in the summer. Sustained stable surface layer conditions and low wind speeds occured during the spring but not during the summer months. Unstable conditions were not observed at Summit until late April. Diurnal cycles of convective conditions during the daytime (0700-1700h local time) were observed throughout July and August. Boundary layer heights, which were estimated for neutral to stable conditions, averaged 156m for the spring 2005 observations. Comparisons of the boundary layer characteristics of Summit with those from South Pole, Antarctica, provide possible explanations for the significant differences in snowpack and surface-layer chemistry between the two sites. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Detlev.Helmig@colorado.edu RI Neff, William/E-2725-2010; OI Neff, William/0000-0003-4047-7076; GRACHEV, ANDREY/0000-0002-7143-0820 NR 30 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 41 IS 24 BP 5044 EP 5060 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.068 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 203PL UT WOS:000248986400005 ER PT J AU Helmig, D Bocquet, F Cohen, L Oltmans, SJ AF Helmig, Detlev Bocquet, Florence Cohen, Lana Oltmans, Samuel J. TI Ozone uptake to the polar snowpack at Summit, Greenland SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE ozone; interstitial air; polar snowpack; atmosphere-snowpack gas exchange; snow-photochemistry; wind pumping ID SPRUCE-FIR FOREST; SURFACE SNOW; NITROGEN CHEMISTRY; PHOTOCHEMICAL NO; INTERSTITIAL AIR; ANTARCTIC SNOW; FLUXES; ATMOSPHERE; EXCHANGE; SUNRISE AB The uptake of atmospheric ozone to the polar, year-round snowpack on glacial ice was studied at Summit, Greenland during three experiments in 2003, 2004, and 2005. Ozone was measured at up to three depths in the snowpack, on the surface, and above the surface at three heights on a tower along with supporting meteorological parameters. Ozone in interstitial air decreased with depth, albeit ozone gradients showed a high variation depending on environmental conditions of solar radiation and wind speed. Under low irradiance levels, up to 90% of ozone was preserved up to I m depth in the snowpack. Ozone depletion rates increased significantly with the seasonal and diurnal cycle of solar irradiance, resulting in only 10% of ozone remaining in the snowpack following solar noon during summertime. Faster snowpack air exchange from wind pumping resulted in smaller above-surface-to-within snowpack ozone gradients. These data indicate that the uptake of ozone to polar snowpack is strongly dependent on solar irradiance and wind pumping. Ozone deposition fluxes to the polar snowpack are consequently expected to follow incoming solar radiation levels and to exhibit diurnal and seasonal cycles. The Summit observations are in stark contrast to recent findings in the seasonal, midlatitude snowpack [Bocquet, F., Helmig, D., Oltmans, S.J., 2007. Ozone in the inid-latitude snowpack at Niwot Ridge, Colorado. Arctic, Antarctic and Alpine Research, in press], where mostly light-independent ozone behavior was observed. These contrasting results imply different ozone chemistry and snowpack-atmosphere gas exchange in the snow-covered polar, glacial conditions compared to the temperate, mid-latitude environment. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res LAb, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, UCB 450, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Detlev.Helmig@colorado.edu NR 46 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 41 IS 24 BP 5061 EP 5076 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.064 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 203PL UT WOS:000248986400006 ER PT J AU Sjostedt, SJ Huey, LG Tanner, DJ Peischl, J Chen, G Dibb, JE Lefer, B Hutterli, MA Beyersdorf, AJ Blake, NJ Blake, DR Sueper, D Ryerson, T Burkhart, J Stohl, A AF Sjostedt, S. J. Huey, L. G. Tanner, D. J. Peischl, J. Chen, G. Dibb, J. E. Lefer, B. Hutterli, M. A. Beyersdorf, A. J. Blake, N. J. Blake, D. R. Sueper, D. Ryerson, T. Burkhart, J. Stohl, A. TI Observations of hydroxyl and the sum of peroxy radicals at Summit, Greenland during summer 2003 SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE HOx; Greenland; polar; photochemistry; hydroxyl radical; summit ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; SOUTH-POLE; OZONE DESTRUCTION; HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE; INTERSTITIAL AIR; SURFACE SNOW; CHEMISTRY; OH; TROPOSPHERE AB The first measurements of peroxy (HO2 + RO2) and hydroxyl (OH) radicals above the arctic snowpack were collected during the summer 2003 campaign at Summit, Greenland. The median measured number densities for peroxy and hydroxyl radicals were 2.2 x 10(8) Mol cm(-3) and 6.4 x 10(6) mol cm(-3), respectively. The observed peroxy radical values are in excellent agreement (R-2 = 0.83, M/O = 1.06) with highly constrained model predictions. However, calculated hydroxyl number densities are consistently more than a factor of 2 lower than the observed values. These results indicate that our current understanding of radical sources and sinks is in accord with our observations in this environment but that there may be a mechanism that is perturbing the (HO2 + RO2)/OH ratio. This observed ratio was also found to depend on meteorological conditions especially during periods of high winds accompanied by blowing snow. Backward transport model simulations indicate that these periods of high winds were characterized by rapid transport (1-2 days) of marine boundary layer air to Summit. These data suggest that the boundary layer photochemistry at Summit may be periodically impacted by halogens. (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. British Antarctic Survey, Div Phys Sci, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. NOAA, Aeron Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Unicv Calif Merced, Sch Engn, Merced, CA 95344 USA. Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. RP Huey, LG (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM greg.huey@eas.gatech.edu RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Peischl, Jeff/E-7454-2010; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Beyersdorf, Andreas/N-1247-2013; Sjostedt, Steven/B-5032-2015; Lefer, Barry/B-5417-2012; OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Peischl, Jeff/0000-0002-9320-7101; Lefer, Barry/0000-0001-9520-5495; Burkhart, John/0000-0002-5587-1693 NR 52 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 41 IS 24 BP 5122 EP 5137 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.06.065 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 203PL UT WOS:000248986400011 ER PT J AU Helmig, D Oltmans, SJ Carlson, D Lamarque, JF Jones, A Labuschagne, C Anlauf, K Hayden, K AF Helmig, Detlev Oltmans, Samuel J. Carlson, Daniel Lamarque, Jean-Francois Jones, Anna Labuschagne, Casper Anlauf, Kurt Hayden, Katherine TI A review of surface ozone in the polar regions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Review DE ozone photochemistry; diurnal ozone cycles; seasonal ozone cycles; long-term ozone trends; snowpack-atmosphere; interactions ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; SOUTH-POLE; PHOTOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION; BACKGROUND OZONE; HIGH-LATITUDES; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ISCAT 2000; GREENLAND; DEPLETION AB Surface ozone records from ten polar research stations were investigated for the dependencies of ozone on radiative processes, snow-photochemisty, and. synoptic and stratospheric transport. A total of 146 annual data records for the Arctic sites Barrow, Alaska; Summit, Greenland; Alert, Canada; Zeppelinfjellet, Norway; and the Antarctic stations Halley, McMurdo, Neumayer, Sanae, Syowa, and South Pole were analyzed. Mean ozone at the Northern Hemisphere (NH) stations (excluding Summit) is similar to 5ppbv higher than in Antarctica. Statistical analysis yielded best estimates for the projected year 2005 median annual ozone mixing ratios, which for the Arctic stations were 33.5 ppbv at Alert, 28.6 ppbv at Barrow, 46.3ppbv ppb at Summit and 33.7ppbv at Zeppelinfjellet. For the Antarctic stations the corresponding ozone mixing ratios were 21.6 ppbv at Halley, 27.0 ppbv at McMurdo, 24.9 ppbv at Neumayer, 27.2 ppbv at Sanae, 29.4 ppbv at South Pole, and 25.8 ppbv at Syowa. At both Summit (3212m asl) and South Pole (2830m asl), annual mean ozone is higher than at the lower elevation and coastal stations. A trend analysis revealed that all sites in recent years have experienced low to moderate increases in surface ozone ranging from 0.02 to 0.26 ppbv yr(-1), albeit none of these changes were found to be statistically significant trends. A seasonal trend analysis showed above-average increases in ozone during the spring and early summer periods for both Arctic (Alert, Zeppelinfjellet) and Antarctic (McMurdo, Neumayer, South Pole) sites. In contrast, at Barrow, springtime ozone has been declining. All coastal stations experience springtime episodes with rapid depletion of ozone in the boundary layer, attributable to photochemically catalyzed ozone depletion from halogen chemistry. This effect is most obvious at Barrow, followed by Alert. Springtime depletion episodes are less pronounced at Antarctic stations. At South Pole, during the Antarctic spring and summer, photochemical ozone production yields frequent episodes with enhanced surface ozone. Other Antarctic stations show similar, though less frequent spring and summertime periods with enhanced ozone. The Antarctic data provide evidence that austral spring and summertime ozone production in Antarctica is widespread, respectively, affects all stations at least through transport events. This ozone production contributes to a several ppbv enhancement in the annual mean ozone over the Antarctic plateau; however, it is not the determining process in the Antarctic seasonal ozone cycle. Although Summit and South Pole have many similarities in their environmental conditions, this ozone production does not appear to be of equal importance at Summit. Amplitudes of diurnal, summertime ozone cycles at these polar sites are weaker than at lower latitude locations. Amplitudes of seasonal ozone changes are larger in the Southern Hemisphere (by similar to 5 ppbv), most likely due to less summertime photochemical ozone loss and more transport of ozone-rich air to the Arctic during the NH spring and summer months. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. Sci & Technol Branch Environm Canada, Toronto, ON M3H 5TA, Canada. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Detlev.Helmig@colorado.edu RI Lamarque, Jean-Francois/L-2313-2014; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; OI Lamarque, Jean-Francois/0000-0002-4225-5074; Labuschagne, Casper/0000-0002-7125-0029 NR 86 TC 61 Z9 69 U1 4 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 41 IS 24 BP 5138 EP 5161 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2006.09.053 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 203PL UT WOS:000248986400012 ER PT J AU Zaiko, A Olenin, S Daunys, D Nalepa, T AF Zaiko, Anastasija Olenin, Sergej Daunys, Darius Nalepa, Tomas TI Vulnerability of benthic habitats to the aquatic invasive species SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE invasibility; invasive species; vacant niches; species richness; benthic macrofauna; Baltic Sea; zebra mussel ID BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS; PLANT INVASIONS; INVASIBILITY; BIODIVERSITY; CONSEQUENCES; COMMUNITIES; DIVERSITY; PATTERNS AB A comparative vulnerability analysis of 16 selected benthic habitat types in the SE Baltic Sea waters and the Curonian lagoon, including Klaipeda strait, was performed using long-term monitoring datasets (1980-2003) and results of several other surveys in the lagoon and the sea. Results indicated that invasive species richness (number of alien species per habitat) in lagoon habitats was significantly higher than in the sea. Habitats formed by artificial rock and stone, sand, mud, and habitats modified by zebra mussel shell deposits appeared to be the most invaded. Highest invasive species richness occurred in habitats with high native species richness indicating that the main factors driving native species distribution (such as favourable physical conditions, habitat alterations generated by human or/and biotic activities) are also driving aquatic invaders. Physical factors distinguished to be the most important for native and invasive species distribution were salinity, depth range (expressed by the maximal and minimal depths difference within a habitat), shallowness of a habitat (expressed by a minimal depth), and availability of a hard substrate. C1 Klaipeda Univ, Coastal Res & Planning Inst, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Zaiko, A (reprint author), Klaipeda Univ, Coastal Res & Planning Inst, H Manto 84, LT-92294 Klaipeda, Lithuania. EM anastasija@corpi.ku.lt RI Zaiko, Anastasija/J-2665-2014 NR 41 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 32 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD AUG PY 2007 VL 9 IS 6 BP 703 EP 714 DI 10.1007/s10530-006-9070-0 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 201BA UT WOS:000248805300008 ER PT J AU Wang, WG Davis, KJ Yi, CX Patton, EG Butler, MP Ricciuto, DM Bakwin, PS AF Wang, Weiguo Davis, Kenneth J. Yi, Chuixiang Patton, Edward G. Butler, Martha P. Ricciuto, Daniel M. Bakwin, Peter S. TI A note on the top-down and bottom-up gradient functions over a forested site SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE bottom-up diffusion; convective boundary layer; gradient functions; observations; top-down diffusion ID CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TALL TOWER; DIFFUSION; TRANSPORT; SCALAR AB The dimensionless bottom-up and top-down gradient functions in the convective boundary layer (CBL) are evaluated utilizing long-term well-calibrated carbon dioxide mixing ratio and flux measurements from multiple levels of a 447-m tall tower over a forested area in northern Wisconsin, USA. The estimated bottom-up and top-down functions are qualitatively consistent with those from large-eddy simulation (LES) results and theoretical expectations. Newly fitted gradient functions are proposed based on observations for this forested site. The integrated bottom-up function over the lowest 4% of the CBL depth estimated from the tower data is about five times larger than that from LES results for a 'with-canopy' case, and is smaller than that from LES results for a 'no-canopy' case by a factor of 0.7. We discuss the uncertainty in the evaluated gradient functions due to stability, wind direction, and uncertainty in the entrainment flux and show that while all of these have a significant impact on the gradient functions, none can explain the differences between the modelled and observed functions. The effects of canopy features and atmospheric stability may need to be considered in the gradient function relations. C1 Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Ecol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meeorol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, R CMDL1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wang, WG (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM wang@met.psu.edu RI Patton, Edward/K-3607-2012; Wang, Weiguo/B-4948-2009; Yi, Chuixiang/A-1388-2013; Ricciuto, Daniel/I-3659-2016; OI Ricciuto, Daniel/0000-0002-3668-3021; Patton, Edward/0000-0001-5431-9541 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 124 IS 2 BP 305 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s10546-007-9162-0 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 189FA UT WOS:000247973600010 ER PT J AU Donlon, C Robinson, I Casey, KS Vazquez-Cuervo, J Armstrong, E Arino, O Gentemann, C May, D LeBorgne, P Piolle, J Barton, I Beggs, H Poulter, DJS Merchant, CJ Bingham, A Heinz, S Harris, A Wick, G Emery, B Minnett, P Evans, R Llewellyn-Jones, D Mutlow, C Reynolds, RW Kawamura, H Rayner, N AF Donlon, C. Robinson, I. Casey, K. S. Vazquez-Cuervo, J. Armstrong, E. Arino, O. Gentemann, C. May, D. LeBorgne, P. Piolle, J. Barton, I. Beggs, H. Poulter, D. J. S. Merchant, C. J. Bingham, A. Heinz, S. Harris, A. Wick, G. Emery, B. Minnett, P. Evans, R. Llewellyn-Jones, D. Mutlow, C. Reynolds, R. W. Kawamura, H. Rayner, N. TI The global ocean data assimilation experiment high-resolution sea surface temperature pilot project SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; CLIMATE RESEARCH; INTERPOLATION AB An international collaboration of operational and research agencies is producing a new generation of SSTs, combining satellite microwave and infrared data and in situ observations, for NWP, ocean forecasting, ecosystem applications, and climate research. C1 Univ Southampton, Natl Oceanography Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. JPL, NASA, PO DAAC, Pasadena, CA USA. European Space Agcy, Frascati, Italy. Remote Syst, Santa Rosa, CA USA. NAVOCEANO, Stennis Space Ctr, Mississippi State, MS USA. Ctr Meteorol Spatiale, Lannion, France. IFREMER, Ctr Brest, CERSAT, F-29280 Brest, France. CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Hobart, Tas, Australia. Australian Bureau Meteorol, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Univ Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. GeoLogics, Hilo, HI USA. Univ Maryland, CICS, NOAA, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. ESRL, NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. Univ Colorado, Colorado Ctr Astrodynam Res, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Univ Leicester, Leicester, Leics, England. Rutherford Appleton Lab, Chilton, England. NCDC, NOAA, Asheville, NC USA. Tohoku Univ, JAXA, Tohoku, Japan. RP Donlon, C (reprint author), GODAE SST Pilot Project Office, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM craig.donlon@metoffice.gov.uk RI Casey, Kenneth/D-4065-2013; Merchant, Christopher/E-1180-2014 OI Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117; Merchant, Christopher/0000-0003-4687-9850 NR 18 TC 151 Z9 158 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1197 EP 1213 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-8-1197 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 205LA UT WOS:000249113800014 ER PT J AU Sensoy, S Peterson, TC Alexander, LV Zhang, XB AF Sensoy, Serhat Peterson, Thomas C. Alexander, Lisa V. Zhang, Xuebin TI Enhancing middle east climate change monitoring and indexes SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID EXTREMES; TEMPERATURE C1 Turkish State Meteorol Serv, Ankara, Turkey. Natl Climat Data, NOAA, Asheville, NC USA. Met Off, Hadley Ctr, Exeter, Devon, England. Meteorol Serv, Climate Res Branch, Downsview, ON, Canada. RP Sensoy, S (reprint author), Turkish State Meteorol Serv, PO Box 401, Ankara, Turkey. EM ssensoy@meteor.gov.tr RI Alexander, Lisa/A-8477-2011 OI Alexander, Lisa/0000-0002-5635-2457 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1249 EP 1254 DI 10.1175/BAMS-88-8-1249 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 205LA UT WOS:000249113800018 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Turpin, R AF Bentz, Dale P. Turpin, Randy TI Potential applications of phase change materials in concrete technology SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE building technology; concrete; enthalpy; freezing; phase change materials; temperature AB In internal curing, pre-wetted lightweight aggregates (LWA) serve as internal reservoirs to supply the extra water needed by the cementitious and pozzolanic components of the concrete during their hydration processes. Due to their porous nature and reasonably high absorption capacity, the LWA can also be filled with other materials, such as phase change materials (PCMs). In this paper, three potential applications of PCM-filled LWA in concrete technology are presented. In addition to the previously explored application of increasing the energy storage capacity of concrete in residential and commercial construction by using a PCM with a transition temperature near room temperature, applications for higher and lower temperature PCMs also exist. In the former case, a PCM can be used to reduce the temperature rise (and subsequent rate of temperature decrease) of a large concrete section during (semi)adiabatic curing, to minimize thermal cracking, etc. In the latter case, a PCM can perhaps reduce the number or intensity of freeze/thaw cycles experienced by a bridge deck or other concrete exposed to a winter environment. In this paper, these latter two applications are preliminarily explored from both experimental and modeling viewpoints. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US Concrete, Houston, TX 77042 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov; rturpin@us-concrete.com RI Rojas, Juan Ernesto/C-7685-2012 NR 10 TC 105 Z9 110 U1 7 U2 40 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 29 IS 7 BP 527 EP 532 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.04.007 PG 6 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 198CT UT WOS:000248605300001 ER PT J AU Ross, R AF Ross, Ron TI Managing enterprise security risk with NIST standards SO COMPUTER LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ross, R (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS 1070, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ron.ross@nist.gov NR 0 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 0018-9162 J9 COMPUTER JI Computer PD AUG PY 2007 VL 40 IS 8 BP 88 EP 91 DI 10.1109/MC.2007.284 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 197VM UT WOS:000248584600016 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Adams, PB Bohnsack, J Taylor, BL AF Waples, Robin S. Adams, Peter B. Bohnsack, James Taylor, Barbara L. TI A biological framework for evaluating whether a species is threatened or endangered in a significant portion of its range SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Canadian lynx; Endangered Species Act; extinction risk; metapopulation; normative dimension; Pacific herring; Pacific salmon; species range ID FISHERIES; ACT AB Under the US. Endangered Species Act (ESA), a species can be listed if it is at risk "in all or a significant portion of its range," but the ESA provides no guidance on how to interpret this key phrase. We propose a simple test to determine whether the areas of a species' range in which it is currently at risk amount to a significant portion: If the species were to become extirpated from these areas, at that point would the entire species be at risk? If so, then these areas represent a significant portion of the species' range. By establishing the species itself as the point of reference for determining significance, this test directs attention to biological risk factors and avoids difficulties inherent in subjective evaluations of importance to humans. For broadly distributed species this framework could provide ESA protection due to cumulative risks before the entire species met the criteria to be considered threatened or endangered. This framework also allows a somewhat broader concept of range to include major components of diversity necessary for long-term persistence. The concept of a historical template (i.e., conditions under which the species was known to be viable) is important in providing a fixed reference point for evaluating viability. Empirical examples illustrate how these concepts have been applied in recent ESA listing determinations. Most ESA-listed units of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) can be divided into multiple strata that differ in terms of ecology, geology, or life-history traits of the component populations. The goal of ESA recovery planning is to restore viable populations in enough strata that the listed unit as a whole is no longer threatened or endangered in all or a significant portion of its range. In a recent review of Pacific herring (Clupea pallasii) in Puget Sound, current status (some populations increasing and others declining) was evaluated in the context of the historical template, and it was concluded that current patterns of distribution and abundance do not depart substantially from what would be expected at any point in time under natural conditions in a large metapopulation. The Canadian lynx (Lynx canadensis) is ESA listed in the contiguous United States, where it occurs in four geographic areas. Populations in one region, the Northern Rockies/Cascades, have always been the most important for long-term Persistence of the species in the United States. Because the other regions never contained more than limited amounts of good-quality lynx habitat, those areas are not considered to represent a significant portion of the species' range. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 19 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 22 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 964 EP 974 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00730.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 195GT UT WOS:000248401200018 PM 17650247 ER PT J AU Gustafson, RG Waples, RS Myers, JM Weitkamp, LA Bryant, GJ Johnson, OW Hard, JJ AF Gustafson, Richard G. Waples, Robin S. Myers, James M. Weitkamp, Laurie A. Bryant, Gregory J. Johnson, Orlay W. Hard, Jeffrey J. TI Pacific salmon extinctions: Quantifying lost and remaining diversity SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE biodiversity; population extinction; salmon diversity; salmon life history ID SOCKEYE-SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; GENETIC-EVIDENCE; COLUMBIA RIVER; CHINOOK SALMON; CONSERVATION; TEMPERATURE; WASHINGTON; CALIFORNIA; EVOLUTION AB Widespread population extirpations and the consequent loss of ecological, genetic, and life-history diversity can lead to extinction of evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) and species. We attempted to systematically enumerate extinct Pacific salmon populations and characterize lost ecological, life history, and genetic diversity types among six species of Pacific salmon (Chinook [Oncorhynchus tshawytscha], sockeye [O. nerka], cobo [O. kisutch], chum [O. keta], and pink salmon [O. gorbuscha] and steelbead trout [O. mykiss]) from the western contiguous United States. We estimated that, collectively, 29% of nearly 1400 historical populations of these six species have been lost from the Pacific Northwest and California since Euro-American contact. Across all species there was a highly significant difference in the proportion of population extinctions between coastal (0.14 extinct) and interior (0.55 extinct) regions. Sockeye salmon (which typically rely on lacustrine habitats for rearing) and stream-maturing Chinook salmon (which stay in freshwater for many months prior to spawning) had significantly higher proportional population losses than other species and maturation types. Aggregate losses of major ecological, life-history, and genetic biodiversity components across all species were estimated at 33%, 15%, and 27%, respectively. Collectively, we believe these population extirpations represent a loss of between 16% and 30% of all historical ESUs in the study area. On the other hand, over two-thirds of historical Pacific salmon populations in this area persist, and considerable diversity remains at all scales. Because over one-third of the remaining populations belong to threatened or endangered species listed under the US. Endangered Species Act, it is apparent that a critical juncture has been reached in efforts to preserve what remains of Pacific salmon diversity. It is also evident that persistence of existing, and evolution of future, diversity will depend on the ability of Pacific salmon to adapt to anthropogenically altered habitats. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Reg Protected Resources Div, Arcata, CA 95521 USA. RP Gustafson, RG (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM rick.gustafson@noaa.gov RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 50 TC 116 Z9 118 U1 10 U2 60 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 21 IS 4 BP 1009 EP 1020 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2007.00693.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 195GT UT WOS:000248401200022 PM 17650251 ER PT J AU He, CS Croley, TE AF He, Chansheng Croley, Thomas E., II TI Application of a distributed large basin runoff model in the Great Lakes basin SO CONTROL ENGINEERING PRACTICE LA English DT Article DE hydrologic modeling; great lakes; spatial variability; calibration; GIS interface ID GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION-SYSTEMS; DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL; HYDROLOGIC-MODELS; COMPLEMENTARY RELATIONSHIP; PARAMETER-ESTIMATION; SPATIAL VARIABILITY; ENERGY-BALANCE; WATER; SURFACE; EVAPORATION AB This paper analyzes the application of a spatially distributed large basin runoff model (DLBRM) in the Great Lakes Basin of the United Stats and Canada and discusses four essential components of operational hydrologic model development: model structure, model input, model calibration, and Geographical Information System (GIS)-model interface. The results indicate that large scale operational hydrologic models that are based on mass continuity equations and include land surface, soil zones, and groundwater components require fewer parameters, are less data demanding, and are particularly suitable for solving water resources problems over large spatial and temporal scales than many other models. Use of GIS-model interfaces is essential for utilizing the existing multiple digital databases in defining model input and in facilitating model implementation and applicability (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Cold & Arid Reg Environm & Engn Res Inst, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP He, CS (reprint author), Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. EM he@wmich.edu RI He, Chansheng/A-3337-2008 OI He, Chansheng/0000-0001-7748-0485 NR 58 TC 8 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0661 J9 CONTROL ENG PRACT JI Control Eng. Practice PD AUG PY 2007 VL 15 IS 8 BP 1001 EP 1011 DI 10.1016/j.conengprac.2007.01.011 PG 11 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA 181TW UT WOS:000247460000009 ER PT J AU Baringer, MO Garzoll, SL AF Baringer, Molly O. Garzoll, Silvia L. TI Meridional heat transport determined with expendable bathythermographs - Part 1: Error estimates from model and hydrographic data SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC; OCEANIC FLUXES; WORLD OCEAN; CIRCULATION; INTERMEDIATE; BUDGET AB Heat transports estimated CTD data collected during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) along the January 1993 30 degrees S hydrographic transect (A10) and the output from a numerical model show a mean heat transport of 0.40 and 0. 55 +/- 0.24 PW (standard deviation), respectively. The model shows a large annual cycle in heat transport (more than 30% of the variance) with a maximum (minimum) heat transport in July (February) of 0.68 (0.41)PW. Using these data, a method is proposed and evaluated to calculate the heat transport from temperature data obtained from a trans-basin section of expendable bathythermographs (XBTs) profiles. In this method, salinity is estimated from Argo profiles and CTD casts for each XBT temperature observation using statistical relationships between temperature, latitude, longitude and salinity computed along constant-depth surfaces. Full-depth temperature/salinity profiles are obtained by extending the profiles to the bottom of the ocean using deep climatological data. The meridional transport is then determined by using the standard geostrophic method, applying NCEP-derived Ekman transports, and requiring that the salt flux through the Bering Straits be conserved. The results indicate that the methods described here can provide heat transport estimates with a maximum uncertainty of +/- 0. 18 Pw (1 Pw = 10(15) w). Most of this uncertainty is due to the climatology used to estimate the deep structure and issues related to not knowing the absolute velocity field and most especially characterizing barotropic motions. Nevertheless, when the methodology is applied to temperatures collected along 30 degrees S (A10) and direct model integrations, the results are very promising. Results from the numerical model suggest that ageostrophic non-Ekman motions can contribute less than 0.05PW to heat transport estimates in the South Atlantic. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Baringer, MO (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Molly.Baringer@noaa.gov; Silvia.garzoli@noaa.gov RI Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012 OI Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194 NR 29 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1390 EP 1401 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2007.03.011 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 207GA UT WOS:000249238400014 ER PT J AU Garzoli, SL Baringer, MO AF Garzoli, Silvia L. Baringer, Molly O. TI Meridional heat transport determined with expandable bathythermographs - Part II: South Atlantic transport SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE heat transport ID ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; BRAZIL-MALVINAS; BENGUELA CURRENT; WORLD OCEAN; SOUTHWESTERN ATLANTIC; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; BOUNDARY CURRENTS; NUMERICAL-MODEL; ARGENTINE BASIN; VARIABILITY AB Fourteen temperature sections collected between July 2002 and May 2006 are analyzed to obtain estimates of the meridional heat transport variability of the South Atlantic Ocean. The methodology proposed in Part I is used to calculate the heat transport from temperature data obtained from high-density XBT profiles taken along transects from Cape Town, South Africa to Buenos Aires, Argentina. Salinity is estimated from Argo profiles and CTD casts for each XBT temperature observation using statistical relationships between temperature, latitude, longitude, and salinity computed along constant-depth surfaces. Full-depth temperature/salinity profiles are obtained by extending the profiles to the bottom of the ocean using deep climatological data. The meridional transport is then determined by using the standard geostrophic method, applying NCEP-derived Ekman transports, and requiring that salt flux through the Bering Straits be conserved. The results from the analysis indicate a mean meridional heat transport of 0.54PW (PW = 10(15)W) with a standard deviation of 0.11PW. The geostrophic component of the heat flux has a marked annual cycle following the variability of the Brazil Malvinas Confluence Front, and the geostrophic annual cycle is 180 degrees out of phase with the annual cycle observed in the Ekman fluxes. As a result, the total heat flux shows significant interannual variability with only a small annual cycle. Uncertainties due to different wind products and locations of the sections are independent of the methodology used. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Garzoli, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Silvia.Garzoli@noaa.gov; Molly.Baringer@noaa.gov RI Garzoli, Silvia/A-3556-2010; Baringer, Molly/D-2277-2012 OI Garzoli, Silvia/0000-0003-3553-2253; Baringer, Molly/0000-0002-8503-5194 NR 55 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1402 EP 1420 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2007.04.013 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 207GA UT WOS:000249238400015 ER PT J AU Griffiths, JHP Irfanoglu, A Pujol, S AF Griffiths, Jacob H. Pyper Irfanoglu, Ayhan Pujol, Santiago TI Response to: M. Erdik's discussion of "Istanbul at the Threshold: An Evaluation of the Seismic Risk in Istanbul" SO EARTHQUAKE SPECTRA LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Spatial Ref Syst Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Griffiths, JHP (reprint author), NOAA, Spatial Ref Syst Div, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING RESEARCH INST PI OAKLAND PA 499 14TH ST, STE 320, OAKLAND, CA 94612-1934 USA SN 8755-2930 J9 EARTHQ SPECTRA JI Earthq. Spectra PD AUG PY 2007 VL 23 IS 3 BP 731 EP 733 DI 10.1193/1.2754302 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Engineering, Geological SC Engineering GA 239KM UT WOS:000251517200012 ER PT J AU Raikow, DF Landrum, PF Reidtt, DF AF Raikow, David F. Landrum, Peter F. Reidtt, David F. TI Aquatic invertebrate resting egg sensitivity to glutaraldehyde and sodium hypochlorite SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE resting egg; biological invasion; ballast; glutaraldehyde; sodium hypochlorite ID GREAT-LAKES; VESSELS; EFFICACY AB Ballast tank treatment technologies are currently in development to reduce the risk of acquiring or transporting viable aquatic organisms that could be introduced to ecosystems and become invasive. Aquatic invertebrate resting eggs represent a challenge to such technologies because of morphological and biochemical adaptations to stress that also protect eggs from artificial stressors. To evaluate the potential efficacy of chemical biocides for ballast tank treatment, the present study examined the acute toxicity of glutaraldehyde and sodium hypochlorite on resting eggs of the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia mendotae and marine brine shrimp (Artemia sp.). Glutaraldehyde was toxic to resting eggs of Artemia sp., as indicated by a lethal concentration to 90% of organisms (LC90) of 95% confidence interval (226 +/- 10 mg/L). Daphnia mendotae, in contrast, displayed erratic responses to glutaraldehyde. Sodium hypochlorite was similarly toxic to resting eggs of Artemia sp. and D. mendotae, which displayed LC90s of 86.5 +/- 3.0 and 78.3 +/- 1.6 mg/L, respectively. Burial in sediment protected resting eggs from toxicants. The present results corroborate those from previous investigations of resting egg sensitivity to artificial stressors, supporting the conclusions that resting eggs are less sensitive than other life stages to artificial stressors and that chemical biocide concentrations effective against other life stages may be ineffective against resting stages. C1 Natl Ctr Res Aquat Invas Species, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Raikow, DF (reprint author), Natl Ctr Res Aquat Invas Species, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM raikow.david@epamail.epa.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 14 PU SOCIETY ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 NORTH 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 26 IS 8 BP 1770 EP 1773 DI 10.1897/06-582R.1 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 190UJ UT WOS:000248085800029 PM 17702354 ER PT J AU Landers, SC Gomez-Gutierrez, J Peterson, WT AF Landers, Stephen C. Gomez-Gutierrez, Jaime Peterson, William T. TI The fine structure of the phoront of Gymnodinioides pacifica, a ciliated protozoan (Ciliophora, Apostomatida) from euphausiids of the Northeastern Pacific SO EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PROTISTOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ciliophora; apostome; exuviotroph; phoront; cyst; euphausiid ID HYALOPHYSA-CHATTONI CILIOPHORA; PSEUDOMICROTHORAX-DUBIUS; ULTRASTRUCTURE; DINOFLAGELLATE; DIGESTION; TOMITE; SEA AB Phoretic stages of the exuviotrophic apostome Gymnodinioides pacifica were examined using transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). TEM revealed that the mature cyst wall possesses 2 or 3 layers differing by the presence or absence of the third inner layer. This inner layer may represent a different form of the middle wall material. The inner cyst layer is approximately 0.15 mu m thick and has striations with a periodicity of similar to 19 nm. The middle cyst layer has a variable thickness and the outer dense layer is similar to 0.1 mu m thick. The 3 layered cyst wall had a thickness of 0.3-0.7 mu m and averaged 0.5 mu m. Advanced phoront stages were enclosed by fully formed cyst walls or by cyst walls thinned to similar to 0.1 pm, as the phoronts prepared to excyst prior to host ecdysis. Additionally, we report the fine structure of the rosette, trichocysts, nuclei, food plaquettes, oral fiber, and other cytoplasmic inclusions. SEM revealed an outer cyst wall layer connected to the secreted peduncle material, which was observed to extend over a wide (15 mu m) area on the host setae. Cysts were usually attached at their posterior ends or, less frequently, along their side. (c) 2007 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved. C1 Troy Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, AL 36082 USA. Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmosopher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, NMFS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Landers, SC (reprint author), Troy Univ, Dept Biol & Environm Sci, Troy, AL 36082 USA. EM slanders@troy.edu NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER GMBH, URBAN & FISCHER VERLAG PI JENA PA OFFICE JENA, P O BOX 100537, 07705 JENA, GERMANY SN 0932-4739 J9 EUR J PROTISTOL JI Eur. J. Protistol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 3 BP 239 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.ejop.2007.04.002 PG 11 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 205AR UT WOS:000249085600007 PM 17596923 ER PT J AU Townsend, HM Anderson, DJ AF Townsend, Howard M. Anderson, David J. TI Assessment of costs of reproduction in a pelagic seabird using multistate mark-recapture models SO EVOLUTION LA English DT Article DE Galapagos; life-history theory; sex ratio; sex-specific survival; statistical model ID BOOBIES SULA-GRANTI; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; NATURAL-SELECTION; CALIFORNIA GULL; NAZCA BOOBY; SURVIVAL; POPULATIONS; HYPOTHESES; ANIMALS; PARENTS AB We used a long-term population band-resight survey database, a parallel reproduction database, and multistate mark-recapture analysis to assess the costs of reproduction, a keystone concept of life-history evolution, in Nazca boobies (Sula granti) from Punta Cevallos, Isla Espanola, Galapagos, Ecuador. We used eight years of resight and breeding data to compare models that included sex- and state-specific survival probabilities and probabilities of transition between reproductive states using multistate mark-recapture models. Models that included state-specific effects were compared with models lacking such effects to evaluate costs of reproduction. The top model, optimizing the trade-off of model simplicity and fit to the data using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), showed evidence of a temporally varying survival cost of reproduction: nonbreeders showed higher annual survival than breeders did in some years. Because increasing investment among breeders showed no negative association with survival and subsequent breeding success, this evidence indicates a cost to both males and females of initiating, but not of continuing, a reproductive attempt. In some cases, breeders reaching the highest reproductive state (fledging an offspring) showed higher survival or subsequent breeding success than did failed breeders, consistent with differences in overall quality that promote both survival and reproduction. Although a male-biased adult sex ratio was observed in this population of Nazca boobies, models of state- and sex-specific survival and transition probabilities were not supported, indicating that males and females do not incur different costs of reproduction, and that the observed sex ratio bias is not due to sex-specific adult mortality. C1 Wake Forest Univ, Dept Biol, Winston Salem, NC 27109 USA. RP Townsend, HM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chesapeake Bay Off Cooperat Oxford Lab, 904 S Morris St, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. EM Howard.Townsend@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 15 PU SOC STUDY EVOLUTION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 E 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0014-3820 J9 EVOLUTION JI Evolution PD AUG PY 2007 VL 61 IS 8 BP 1956 EP 1968 DI 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00169.x PG 13 WC Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 198AV UT WOS:000248600300015 PM 17683437 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Gann, RG Kukuck, SR Prasad, K Jones, WW AF Manzello, Samuel L. Gann, Richard G. Kukuck, Scott R. Prasad, Kuldeep Jones, Walter W. TI Performance of a non-load-bearing steel stud gypsum board wall assembly: Experiments and modelling SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE compartmentation; fire resistance; partitions; wall; heat flux ID FIRE RESISTANCE AB A gypsum wall assembly was exposed to an intense real-scale compartment fire. For the wall assembly, temperatures were measured at the exposed face, within the stud cavity, and at the unexposed face during the fire exposure. Total heat flux gauges were used to measure the temporal variation of the energy incident on the walls, and cameras, both visual and infrared, were used to image the unexposed face of the wall assembly during the fire exposure. The behaviour of the wall assembly under the fire load is discussed as are current model results for a simulation of the fire test. Copyright (C) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. US Army Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bureau Dr Stop 8662,Bldg 224,Room A361, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. EM samuel.manzello@nist.gov NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 11 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD AUG-SEP PY 2007 VL 31 IS 5 BP 297 EP 310 DI 10.1002/fam.939 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 197QP UT WOS:000248571100002 ER PT J AU von Szalay, PG Somerton, DA Kotwicki, S AF von Szalay, Paul G. Somerton, David A. Kotwicki, Stan TI Correlating trawl and acoustic data in the eastern Bering Sea: A first step toward improving biomass estimates of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus)? SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE trawl surveys; bottom trawls; capture efficiency; acoustic data; NASC values; catch-per-unit effort; relative abundance estimates ID ABUNDANCE; GADOIDS AB The charter vessels used for the annual eastern Bering Sea bottom trawl survey have recently been equipped with echosounders, which are relatively sophisticated compared to the traditional depth sounders, and are capable of collecting acoustic backscatter data of a quality approaching that of scientific echosounders. Because these echosounders provide a large amount of inexpensive and continuous backscatter data between trawl stations, it is of interest to determine whether these acoustic data can be used in conjunction with the trawl catch data to improve the precision of walleye Pollock (Theragra chalcogramina) and Pacific cod (Gadus macrocephalus) trawl indices of abundance. Catch and acoustic backscatter data collected from 98 stations executed during the 2005 field season were analyzed to estimate the correlation between trawl catch per unit swept area and acoustic backscatter integrated over various layers above the seafloor. The correlation for walleye Pollock was good, with the highest correlation obtained for the layer between the seafloor and the headrope (r(2) = 0.64). The correlation for layers above the headrope monotonically decreased with increasing height, indicating a lack of vertical herding by pollock. There was no correlation (r(2) =0.02) between trawl and acoustic data for Pacific cod, the only other important fish source of acoustic backscatter. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP von Szalay, PG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.von.szalay@noaa.gov RI Kotwicki, Stan/C-3599-2009 NR 27 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 86 IS 1 BP 77 EP 83 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.05.005 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 192WK UT WOS:000248233900008 ER PT J AU McCarty, RD AF McCarty, Robert D. CA DBA Rimfire Consulting TI Corresponding states for transport properties SO FLUID PHASE EQUILIBRIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th Symposium on Thermophysical Properties/19th International Conference on Chemical Thermodynamics/61st Calorimetry Conference CY JUL 30-AUG 04, 2006 CL Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO SP Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Inst Chem Engineers, Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Heat Transfer Div, Int Union Pure & Appl Chem, Int Assoc Chem Thermodynam, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab HO Univ Colorado DE Corresponding States; equation of state; prediction; transport properties; thermodynamic properties AB Recent work by the author has resulted in a computer package which allows the estimation of thermal physical properties of a fluid when very little information is known about that fluid. The minimum required data set for the method is the molecular weight, the density, and temperature of the liquid at the normal boiling point. The method utilizes the application and modification of extended corresponding states. Using a well known reference fluid, or fluids, and the above minimum data set for a target fluid, (the fluid for which properties are desired), thermodynamic and transport properties may be estimated over a wide range of pressure and temperature. Depending on the target fluid and the availability of a suitable reference fluid, the method may use as many as five reference fluids but usually uses three or less. Although the minimum data set for the target fluid is described above, the availability of more data for the target fluid greatly improves the accuracy of the method. Even an additional one or two data points for the target fluid helps and the more data available for the target fluid, the greater the help. The goal of this work was to develop a method and subsequent computer package which would provide thermodynamic and transport properties for a target fluid with a minimal amount of known data for that target fluid, and that the resulting properties for that target fluid be of sufficient accuracy to be useful in engineering calculations. It is believed that this goal has been achieved. Typical accuracy assessments and examples are presented. Since traditionally transport properties have not corresponded well, and since presenting both the thermodynamic and transport property methods would make this paper much to long, only the transport properties part of the package is presented here. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Cryodata Inc, Natl Bur Standards, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. RP McCarty, RD (reprint author), Cryodata Inc, Natl Bur Standards, 2331 Wren Ct, Grand Junction, CO 81503 USA. EM mccarty@cryodata.com; Rimfire81503@Yahoo.com NR 3 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-3812 J9 FLUID PHASE EQUILIBR JI Fluid Phase Equilib. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 256 IS 1-2 SI SI BP 42 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.fluid.2007.02.003 PG 5 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 185VW UT WOS:000247739500007 ER PT J AU Fukushima, M Kameyama, S Kaneko, M Nakao, K Steel, EA AF Fukushima, Michio Kameyama, Satoshi Kaneko, Masami Nakao, Katsuya Steel, E. Ashley TI Modelling the effects of dams on freshwater fish distributions in Hokkaido, Japan SO FRESHWATER BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dams; freshwater fishes; geographical information system; habitat fragmentation; spatial modelling ID CHINOOK SALMON; RIVER; CONSERVATION; FRAGMENTATION; CONSEQUENCES; BIODIVERSITY; PERSISTENCE; MANAGEMENT; BARRIERS; IMPACTS AB 1. We examined the effects of habitat fragmentation caused by dams on freshwater fish species using a database of 7848 fish presence/absence surveys, conducted between 1953-2003 in Hokkaido, Japan. 2. A series of generalised linear models showed that for 11 of 41 taxa examined, the probability of occurrence had been influenced either negatively (eight taxa) or positively (three taxa) by the presence of a dam downstream from their habitat. 3. Maps of modelled predictions revealed that dams had had widespread negative impacts on certain taxa, while for other taxa the impact was limited to specific basins. Two of the three taxa whose probability of occurrence was increased in areas above dams have long been transplanted into reservoirs in Japan. 4. For four of the eight taxa whose probability of occurrence was reduced above dams and all three taxa whose probability of occurrence increased above dams, the temporal length of habitat isolation (i.e. the number of years between dam construction and sampling) was also a significant predictor of the probability of occurrence. This pattern indicates that these taxa experienced a gradual rather than an instantaneous population impact as a result of dam construction. 5. The eight taxa whose probability of occurrence was reduced as a consequence of dams all exhibit migratory life cycles. Although migratory taxa are probably more susceptible to the negative effect of dams, we could not detect significant relationships between migration life histories and the effect of fragmentation by dams. 6. These analyses enable stream and fisheries managers to quantify the impacts of habitat fragmentation because of dams for individual species. The spatially explicit nature of our analyses also enables identification of the areas of the impact at broad geographical scales. Using our results, managers can take effective conservation and restoration measures to predict, mitigate or remove the impact of dams. For example, our results can be used to prioritise dams for removal or to predict losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services in advance of dam construction. C1 Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. Rakuno Gakuen Univ, Fac Environm Syst, Ebetsu, Hokkaido, Japan. Hokkaido Aquaculture Promot Corp, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. RP Fukushima, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Environm Studies, Onogawa 16-2, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. EM michio@nies.go.jp OI Steel, E. Ashley/0000-0001-5091-276X NR 48 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 11 U2 47 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0046-5070 J9 FRESHWATER BIOL JI Freshw. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 52 IS 8 BP 1511 EP 1524 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2427.2007.01783.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 188FW UT WOS:000247905900009 ER PT J AU Frueh-Green, GL Delacour, A Boschi, C Bernasconi, SM Butterfield, DA Kelley, DS Proskurowski, G AF Frueh-Green, G. L. Delacour, A. Boschi, C. Bernasconi, S. M. Butterfield, D. A. Kelley, D. S. Proskurowski, G. TI Building Lost City: Serpentinization, mass transfer and life in a peridotite-hosted hydrothermal system SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 ETH, Dept Earth Sci, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland. Univ Washington, NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM frueh-green@erdw.ethz.ch; david.a.butterfield@noaa.gov; dskelley@u.washington.edu; giora@whoi.edu RI Proskurowski, Giora/B-3862-2013; Butterfield, David/H-3815-2016 OI Butterfield, David/0000-0002-1595-9279 NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A298 EP A298 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789900609 ER PT J AU Ridley, MK Machesky, ML Blom, DA Allard, LF Hackley, VA AF Ridley, Moipa K. Machesky, Michael L. Blom, Douglas A. Allard, Lawrence F. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Surface structural modeling at the solid-solution interface of nanocrystalline anatase SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Texas Tech Univ, Lubbock, TX 79409 USA. Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM moira.ridley@ttu.edu; machesky@uiuc.edu; blomda@ornl.gov; allardlfjr@ornl.gov; vince.hackley@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A842 EP A842 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789902056 ER PT J AU Solomon, RF Ostrander, CE De Carlo, EH McManus, MA Mackenzie, FT Fagan, KE Sabine, C Feely, RA AF Solomon, R. F. Ostrander, C. E. De Carlo, E. Heinen McManus, M. A. Mackenzie, F. T. Fagan, K. E. Sabine, C. Feely, R. A. TI Land ocean interactions in a coastal embayment, Kaneohe Bay, Hawaii: Nutrient dynamics, productivity, and CO2 exchange between seawater and atmosphere SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM edecarlo@soest.hawaii.edu RI Shamberger, Kathryn/C-9531-2014; Ostrander, Chris/B-2890-2009 OI Shamberger, Kathryn/0000-0002-2927-3657; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A954 EP A954 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789902279 ER PT J AU Wiederhorn, SM Guin, JP Fett, T AF Wiederhorn, Sheldon M. Guin, Jean-Pierre Fett, Theo TI The use of atomic force microscopy to study crack tips in glass SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 17th Annual V M Goldschmidt Conference CY AUG, 2007 CL Cologne, GERMANY C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Karlsruhe, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. Univ Rennes 1, Rennes, France. RI guin, jean-pierre/A-5969-2009 OI guin, jean-pierre/0000-0003-2480-5893 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 15 SU S BP A1110 EP A1110 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200VC UT WOS:000248789902591 ER PT J AU Han, JY van Gelder, BHW Soler, T AF Han, J. Y. van Gelder, B. H. W. Soler, T. TI On covariance propagation of eigenparameters of symmetric n-D tensors SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE covariance propagation; eigenvalues; eigenvectors; symmetric tensor ID FOCAL MECHANISMS; STRESS; EIGENSPECTRA AB Symmetric tensors are typically encountered during investigations associated with stress and strain analysis and, thus, they are of particular interest to geophysicists and geodesists. Furthermore, symmetric tensors are studied using eigentheory analysis which provides the decomposition of the tensor on its principal components (n independent eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors). In this paper, an analytical expression of the covariance matrix of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of an n-D symmetric tensor is derived based on the principles of linear algebra and differential calculus. Through numerical tests, the proposed formulation is proven to give realistic uncertainty estimates of the determined eigenparameters. The methodology also reveals the significant impact on uncertainty assessments when the parameter dependencies between principal components are neglected. C1 Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Taipei 106, Taiwan. Purdue Univ, Sch Civil Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Han, JY (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Civil Engn, 1 Sec 4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 106, Taiwan. EM jyhan@ntu.edu.tw RI Han, Jen-Yu/B-5521-2009; Soler, Tomas/F-6386-2010 OI Han, Jen-Yu/0000-0001-9555-4214; NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 170 IS 2 BP 503 EP 510 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2007.03416.x PG 8 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 201QB UT WOS:000248846600003 ER PT J AU Ho, SP Kuo, YH Zeng, Z Peterson, TC AF Ho, Shu-P. Kuo, Ying-Hwa Zeng, Zhen Peterson, Thomas C. TI A comparison of lower stratosphere temperature from microwave measurements with CHAMP GPS RO data SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TROPOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; OCCULTATION DATA; VALIDATION; INVERSION; TRENDS; BIASES AB In this study, we compare the microwave brightness temperature (Tb) for the Lower Stratosphere (TLS) datasets provided by Remote Sensing Systems (RSS) Inc. and University of Alabama in Huntsville (UAH) with the GPS radio occultation (RO) data from Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) over 49 months from June 2001 to June 2005. The GPS RO data are used to simulate microwave brightness temperatures, for comparison with Microwave Sounding Unit (Channel 4) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (Channel 9) measurements. Excellent agreement was found between both RSS and UAH TLS and that of CHAMP. This study demonstrates the usefulness of GPS RO observations as independent data for comparison against and use with other satellite observations in climate studies. C1 Univ Corp Atmospher Res, COSMIC Project Off, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Ho, SP (reprint author), Univ Corp Atmospher Res, COSMIC Project Off, POB 3000, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. EM spho@ucar.edu RI Zeng, Zhen/J-5183-2014 NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 15 AR L15701 DI 10.1029/2007GL030202 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 198AG UT WOS:000248598800002 ER PT J AU Ginley, RA AF Ginley, Ronald A. TI Confidence in VNA measurements SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ginley, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM rginley@boulder.nist.gov NR 4 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 8 IS 4 BP 54 EP 58 DI 10.1109/MMM.2007.900116 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 190YE UT WOS:000248095900008 ER PT J AU Williams, D Hale, P Remley, KA AF Williams, Dylan Hale, Paul Remley, Kate A. TI The sampling oscilloscope as a microwave instrument SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID CALIBRATION; RF C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Williams, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM dylan@boulder.nist.gov RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 31 TC 13 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 8 IS 4 BP 59 EP 68 DI 10.1109/MMM.2007.900110 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 190YE UT WOS:000248095900009 ER PT J AU Remley, KA Schreurs, D AF Remley, Kate A. Schreurs, Dominique TI Key nonlinear measurement events SO IEEE MICROWAVE MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID NETWORK C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. Katholieke Univ Leuven, Div ESAT TELEMIC, Louvain, Belgium. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM remley@boulder.nist.gov NR 22 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1527-3342 J9 IEEE MICROW MAG JI IEEE Microw. Mag. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 8 IS 4 BP 75 EP 78 DI 10.1109/MMM.2007.900112 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 190YE UT WOS:000248095900011 ER PT J AU Wilson, P AF Wilson, Perry TI Editorial SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wilson, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 466 EP 466 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2007.904039 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 207IT UT WOS:000249245500001 ER PT J AU Fornberg, PE Holloway, CL AF Fornberg, Per E. Holloway, Christopher L. TI A comparison of the currents induced on an EUT in a TEM cell to those induced in a free-space environment SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Article DE equipment under test (EUT); induced current; numerical simulation; transverse electromagnetic (TEM) cell AB The finite-difference time-domain method is used to investigate whether the currents induced on equipment under test (EUT) in a transverse electromagnetic ITEM) cell are similar to those induced in a free-space environment. The approach is to simulate an identical EUT in both environments and determine a correlation based on the respective current distributions. The effect of the ratio of EUT to TEM cell sizes on the correlation to free space is also investigated. This paper introduces a metric that quantifies the change in the surface current induced on the EUT in these different environments. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Fornberg, PE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM per.e.fomberg@intel.com NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 49 IS 3 BP 474 EP 484 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2007.903036 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 207IT UT WOS:000249245500003 ER PT J AU Kurten, A Curtius, J Helleis, F Lovejoy, ER Borrmann, S AF Kuerten, Andreas Curtius, Joachim Helleis, Frank Lovejoy, Edward R. Borrmann, Stephan TI Development and characterization of an ion trap mass spectrometer for the on-line chemical analysis of atmospheric aerosol particles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ion trap; modified angle trap; mass spectrometry; aerosol mass spectrometer; AMS ID INVERSE FOURIER-TRANSFORM; LENS-NOZZLE SYSTEM; HIGH-RESOLUTION; NUMERICAL CHARACTERIZATION; ORGANIC AEROSOLS; BEAM COLLIMATION; GAS-ANALYSIS; IONIZATION; CLIMATE; EXCITATION AB A novel Ion Trap Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (IT-AMS) for atmospheric particles has been developed and characterized. With this instrument the chemical composition of the non-refractory component of aerosol particles can be measured quantitatively. The set-up makes use of the well-characterized inlet and vaporization/ionization system of the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS). While the AMS uses either a linear quadrupole mass filter (Q-AMS) or a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ToF-AMS) as the mass analyzer, the IT-AMS utilizes a three-dimensional quadrupole ion trap. The main advantages of an ion trap are the possibility of performing MSn-experiments as well as ion/molecule reaction studies. The mass analyzer has been built in-house together with major components of the electronics. The IT-AMS is operated under full PC control and can be used as a field instrument due to its compact size. A detailed description of the set-up is presented. Experiments show that a mass resolving power larger than 1500 can be reached. This value is high enough to separate different organic species at m/z 43. Calibrations with laboratory-generated aerosol particles indicate a linear relationship between signal response and aerosol mass concentration. These studies, together with estimates of the detection limits for particulate sulfate (0.65 mu g/m(3) 3) and nitrate (0.16 mu g/m(3)) demonstrate the suitability of the IT-AMS to measure atmospheric aerosol particles. An inter-comparison between the IT-AMS and a Q-AMS for nitrate in urban air yields good agreement. For laboratory-generated polystyrene latex particles a MS/MS-study using collision-induced dissociation (CID) with a daughter/parent ion yield of more than 60% has been performed. In the future, similar MS/MS-studies can be conducted for atmospheric particles and for the study of secondary aerosol formation in smog chamber experiments. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, Mainz, Germany. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Curtius, J (reprint author), Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Atmospher Phys, JJ Becherweg 21, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. EM curtius@uni-mainz.de RI Borrmann, Stephan/E-3868-2010; Curtius, Joachim/A-2681-2011; OI Curtius, Joachim/0000-0003-3153-4630; Kurten, Andreas/0000-0002-8955-4450 NR 53 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 265 IS 1 BP 30 EP 39 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2007.05.007 PG 10 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 192YP UT WOS:000248240300004 ER PT J AU Fuller, ER Henann, DL Ma, L AF Fuller, Edwin R., Jr. Henann, David L. Ma, Li TI Theta-like specimens for measuring mechanical properties at the small-scale: effects of non-ideal loading SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE theta specimen; finite element analysis; tensile testing; articulation; mechanical properties ID BRITTLE MATERIALS AB As material structures, and devices fabricated from them, shrink to the nano-scale, it is ever more difficult to measure accurately the mechanical properties needed for designing small-scale devices and for assessing reliability. A promising test configuration for localized, small-scale uniaxial tensile measurements is the theta specimen. Stress distributions in this test configuration are examined via finite element analysis. When loaded uniformly with a double-articulating loading platen, a uniform uniaxial stress state is realized in the test gauge. When alternative, more easily realized experimentally, loading configurations are used (i. e., line or point contact), large secondary stresses develop. For each loading configuration, influences of non-ideal load application are elucidated. Two design modifications are considered to mitigate undesirable stresses: a compliant layer and an extended upper loading tab. The latter yields the most favorable stress state and is the most tolerant to non-ideal loading. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SUNY Binghamton, NIST, Binghamton, NY USA. Kent State Univ, NIST, Kent, OH 44242 USA. RP Fuller, ER (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,STOP 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM edwin.fuller@nist.gov NR 8 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU CARL HANSER VERLAG PI MUNICH PA KOLBERGERSTRASSE 22, POSTFACH 86 04 20, D-81679 MUNICH, GERMANY SN 1862-5282 J9 INT J MATER RES JI Int. J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 98 IS 8 BP 729 EP 734 DI 10.3139/146.101527 PG 6 WC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 212QJ UT WOS:000249611600010 ER PT J AU May, EF Berg, RF Moldover, MR AF May, Eric F. Berg, Robert F. Moldover, Michael R. TI Reference viscosities of H-2, CH4, Ar, and Xe at low densities SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE argon; capillary viscometer; intermolecular potential; helium; hydrogen; methane; thermal conductivity; viscosity; viscosity ratio; xenon ID LOW-TEMPERATURE VISCOSITIES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; 200 ATMOSPHERES; ZERO DENSITY; DEGREES C; GASES; ARGON; NITROGEN AB The zero-density viscosity eta(gas)(0,T) of hydrogen, methane, and argon was determined in the temperature range from 200 to 400 K, with standard uncertainties of 0.084% for hydrogen and argon and 0.096% for methane. These uncertainties are dominated by the uncertainty of helium's viscosity eta(He)(0,T), which we estimate to be 0.080% from the difference between ab initio and measured values at 298.15 K. For xenon, measurements ranged between 200 and 300K and the zero-density viscosity eta(Xe)(0,T) was determined with an uncertainty of 0.11%. The data imply that xenon's viscosity virial coefficient is positive over this temperature range, in contrast with the predictions of corresponding-states models. Furthermore, the xenon data are inconsistent with Curtiss' prediction that bound pairs cause an anomalous viscosity decrease at low reduced temperatures. At 298.15 K. the ratios eta(Ar)(0,298)/eta(He)(0,298), eta(CH4)(0,298)/eta(He)(0,298), eta(H2)(0,298)/eta(He)(0,298), eta(Xe)(0,298)/eta(He)(0,298), eta(N2)(0,298)/eta(He)(0,298), and eta(C2H6)(0,298)/eta(He)(0,298) were determined with a relative uncertainty of less than 0.024% by measuring the flow rate of these gases through a quartz capillary while simultaneously measuring the pressures at the ends of the capillary. Between 200 and 400 K, a two-capillary viscometer was used to determine. gas eta(gas)(0,T)/eta(He)(0,T) with an uncertainty of 0.024% for H-2 and Ar, 0.053% for CH4, and 0.077% for Xe. From eta(gas)(0,T) /eta(He)(0,T), eta(gas)(0,T) was computed using the values of eta(He)(0,T) calculated ab initio. Finally, the thermal conductivity of Xe and Ar was computed from eta(gas)(0,T) and values of the Prandtl number that were computed from interatomic potentials. These results may help to improve correlations for the transport properties of these gases and assist efforts to develop ab initio two-and three-body intermolecular potentials for these gases. Reference viscosities for seven gases at 100 kPa are provided for gas metering applications. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Western Australia, Sch Oil & Gas Engn, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia. RP Berg, RF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.berg@nist.gov RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 NR 37 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 28 IS 4 BP 1085 EP 1110 DI 10.1007/s10765-007-0198-7 PG 26 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 226HV UT WOS:000250581000001 ER PT J AU Hawa, T Zachariah, MR AF Hawa, T. Zachariah, M. R. TI Development of a phenomenological scaling law for fractal aggregate sintering from molecular dynamics simulation SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE sintering; scaling laws; aggregates; molecular dynamics ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; GAS-PHASE; COALESCENCE; PARTICLE; NANOPARTICLES; COAGULATION; MORPHOLOGY; SILICON; ENERGY; SIZE AB A simple modification to the Frenkel sintering law is developed for nanoparticle fractal aggregates, based on molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The fractal aggregates investigated consist of up to 110 primary particles, with primary particles of 2.5 nm in diameter, and the fractal dimension of I (wire), 1.9 (complex), and 3 (compact). In addition simple prototype L- and T-shape aggregate were considered. We found that L-shape aggregates behaved similar to straight chains and thus did not impact the overall sintering time. By contract T-shape aggregate sintering kinetics was controlled by the longest contiguous branch in the system (i.e. effective primary branch length). We found that sintering of fractal aggregates is a combination of local sintering processes of line-, L- and T-shape structures. As expected, sintering time increases with increasing mass of the aggregate and with decreasing the fractal dimension. The sintering times normalized by the primary particle diameter showed a universal relationship which depends only on the number of particles in an aggregate and its fractal dimension. The MD results were found to be qualitatively consistent with a continuum viscous flow model, and was used as the basis from which a phenomenological sintering law for fractal aggregates could be derived. The phenomenological model is a power law modification of the Frenkel sintering equation to include a dependence on the number of particles in a fractal aggregate and fractal dimension: t = t(Frenkel) * (N - 1)(0.68 Lambda Df). This relationship is amenable for use in phenomenological aerosol models that might include sintering effects. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu NR 31 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 38 IS 8 BP 793 EP 806 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.05.008 PG 14 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 214NN UT WOS:000249745300001 ER PT J AU Kim, SH Mulholland, GW Zachariah, MR AF Kim, S. H. Mulholland, G. W. Zachariah, M. R. TI Understanding ion-mobility and transport properties of aerosol nanowires SO JOURNAL OF AEROSOL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE mobility; nanowires; nanotubes; DMA; modeling ID CARBON NANOTUBES; SIZE CLASSIFICATION; GROWTH; SHAPE AB in a previous experimental study, we demonstrated that gas phase electrophoretic mobility separation enables one to classify diameter-selected carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by length [Kim, S. H. & Zachariah, M. R. (2005). In-flight size classification of carbon nanotubes by gas phase electrophoresis. Nanotechnology, 16, 2149-2152] and have subsequently used this capability to track the growth rate of CNTs in free-flight [Kim, S. H. & Zachariah, M. R. (2006). In-flight kinetic measurements of the aerosol growth of carbon nanotubes by electrical mobility classification. Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 110, 4555-4562]. In this paper, we develop a theoretical model to describe the behavior of nanotubes (or nanowires) undergoing Brownian rotation in an electric field, and provide a more rigorous interpretation of the experimental results. The Boltzmann expression for the orientation probability includes both the free charge energy as well as the polarizability energy. In the theoretical model, we computed the orientation-averaged electrical mobility and the precipitating time of a rotating nanowire in DC electric field in the free-molecular limit. This analysis was used to obtain the precipitation time of a nanowire in a differential mobility analyzer (DMA). Based on the theoretical model and its comparison with experimental measurement, we found that: (i) a stronger electric field was required to select longer nanowires for a given diameter and (ii) shorter nanowires with the aspect ratio of beta < similar to 30 (d(f) = 15 nm) freely rotate for applied electric field up to similar to 1 kV/cm, while longer nanowires (beta > similar to 30) were aligned by the electric field. The experimentally determined nanowire length was in fair agreement with that computed by our theoretical model, in which the effect of the nanowire's alignment on mobility classification in various electric fields was accounted for. The over prediction of the model for longer nanowires is shown to result from the bent structure of the longer nanowires. The methodology should be generic to other nanostructures with high aspect ratio. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu NR 20 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0021-8502 J9 J AEROSOL SCI JI J. Aerosol. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 38 IS 8 BP 823 EP 842 DI 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2007.06.003 PG 20 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 214NN UT WOS:000249745300003 ER PT J AU Halloran, ST da Silva, FCS Fardi, HZ Pappas, DP AF Halloran, S. T. da Silva, F. C. S. Fardi, H. Z. Pappas, D. P. TI Perm anent-magnet-free stabilization and sensitivity tailoring of magnetoresistive field sensors SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID NONMAGNETIC SPACER LAYER; EXCHANGE; ANISOTROPY AB We have exploited the coupling across a ruthenium spacer between a ferromagnetic and an antiferromagnetic layer to stabilize the magnetization in a given direction and tailor the magnetic sensitivity of the,sensor for various applications. Ruthenium is used as the nonmagnetic coupling layer and is self-aligned with the ferromagnetic free layer and antiferromagnetic pinning layer, and the thickness is varied to change the slope of the transfer curve in the linear region, i.e., sensitivity. This simple technique is shown to increase the dynamic range of anisotropic magnetoresistive sensors without additional lithography. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80217 USA. RP Halloran, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM halloran@nist.gov NR 9 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 3 AR 033904 DI 10.1063/1.2764243 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 207GW UT WOS:000249240600054 ER PT J AU Hurley, DC Turner, JA AF Hurley, D. C. Turner, J. A. TI Measurement of Poisson's ratio with contact-resonance atomic force microscopy SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC MICROSCOPY; STIFFNESS; MODULUS; CANTILEVERS; ELASTICITY; MECHANICS; SURFACE AB We describe contact-resonance atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods to quantitatively measure Poisson's ratio v or shear modulus G at the same time as Young's modulus E. In contact-resonance AFM, the frequencies of the cantilever's resonant vibrations are measured while the tip is in contact with the sample. Simultaneous measurement of flexural and torsional vibrational modes enables E and v to be determined separately. Analysis methods are presented to relate the contact-resonance frequencies to the tip-sample contact stiffness, which in turn determines the sample's nanoscale elastic properties. Experimental results are presented for a glass specimen with fused silica used as a reference material. The agreement between our contact-resonance AFM measurements and values obtained from other means demonstrates the validity of the basic method. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Nebraska, Dept Engn Mech, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. RP Hurley, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM hurley@boulder.nist.gov RI Turner, Joseph/F-5165-2010 NR 24 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 3 AR 033509 DI 10.1063/1.2767387 PG 8 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 207GW UT WOS:000249240600026 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Vaudin, MD Otani, M Lowhorn, ND Hu, YF Li, Q He, B AF Wong-Ng, W. Vaudin, M. D. Otani, M. Lowhorn, N. D. Hu, Y. F. Li, Q. He, B. TI Texture and phase analysis of a Ca3CO4O9/Si (100) thermoelectric film SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIFFRACTION; CA3CO2O6 AB This paper reports the texture analysis as well as them identification of two crystalline phases between a thin film of monoclinic Ca3Co4O9 and a cubic (100) Si substrate, using a diffractometer equipped with a two-dimensional area detector. No reflections other than 00l were observed in the symmetric configuration using an x-ray powder diffraction scan (Bragg-Brentano geometry). Pole figures collected for six reflections using asymmetric configurations did not show ab-plane epitaxial relationships between the film and the substrate. These results establish the Ca3Co4O9 fiber texture of the film with the (001) pole parallel to the surface normal. Single-crystal-like second phases, CaCoSi2O6 and CoO, presumably the interface reaction products of Ca3Co4O9 with the substrate Si, were identified. The near four-fold symmetry and the similar intensity displayed by the 220 reflection from the CaCoSi2O6 structure indicated an epitaxial relation between CaCoSi2O6 and Si, with four symmetry-induced variants being generated with approximately equal volume fractions. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Bruker AXS Inc, Madison, WI 53711 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-rg@nist.gov NR 19 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 102 IS 3 AR 033520 DI 10.1063/1.2767613 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 207GW UT WOS:000249240600037 ER PT J AU Melnikov, VM Zrnic, DS AF Melnikov, Valery M. Zrnic, Dusan S. TI Autocorrelation and cross-correlation estimators of polarimetric variables SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID COPOLAR CORRELATION-COEFFICIENT; DIFFERENTIAL REFLECTIVITY; RADAR; PRECIPITATION; CALIBRATION; POLARIZATION; ATTENUATION; WSR-88D; HAIL; RAIN AB Herein are proposed novel estimators of differential reflectivity Z(DR) and correlation coefficient P-hv between horizontally and vertically polarized echoes. The estimators use autocorrelations and cross correlations of the returned signals to avoid bias by omnipresent but varying white noise. These estimators are considered for implementation on the future polarimetric Weather Surveillance Radar- 1988 Doppler ( WSR-88D) network. On the current network the reflectivity factor is measured at signal-to-noise ratios ( SNRs) as low as 2 dB and the same threshold is expected to hold for the polarimetric variables. At such low SNR and all the way up to SNR=15 dB, the conventional estimators of differential reflectivity and the copolar correlation coefficient are prone to errors due to uncertainties in noise levels caused by instability of radar devices, thermal radiations of precipitation and the ground, and wideband radiation of electrically active clouds. Noise variations at SNR less than 15 dB can bias the estimates beyond apparatus accuracy. For brevity the authors refer to the estimators of Z(DR) and P-hv free from noise bias as the " 1- lag estimators" because these are derived from 1- lag correlations. The estimators are quite robust and the only weak assumption for validity is that spectral widths of signals from vertically and horizontally polarized returns are equal. This assumption is verified on radar data. Radar observations demonstrate the validity of these estimator and lower sensitivity to interference signals than the conventional algorithms. C1 Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Melnikov, VM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM valery.melnikov@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1337 EP 1350 DI 10.1175/JTECH2054.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 205FR UT WOS:000249099900002 ER PT J AU Gourley, JJ Tabary, P Du Chatelet, JP AF Gourley, Jonathan J. Tabary, Pierre Du Chatelet, Jacques Parent TI A fuzzy logic algorithm for the separation of precipitating from nonprecipitating echoes using polarimetric radar observations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANOMALOUS PROPAGATION; CLASSIFICATION; REMOVAL; FLOOD AB A fuzzy logic algorithm has been developed for the purpose of segregating precipitating from nonprecipitating echoes using polarimetric radar observations at C band. Adequate polarimetric descriptions for each type of scatterer are required for the algorithm to be effective. An observations- based approach is presented in this study to derive membership functions and objectively weight them so that they apply directly to conditions experienced at the radar site and to the radar wavelength. Three case studies are examined and show that the algorithm successfully removes nonprecipitating echoes from rainfall accumulation maps. C1 Direct Syst Observ, Meteo France, Trappes, France. RP Gourley, JJ (reprint author), Natl Weather Ctr, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Rm 4745, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM jj.gourley@noaa.gov RI Gourley, Jonathan/C-7929-2016 OI Gourley, Jonathan/0000-0001-7363-3755 NR 26 TC 69 Z9 75 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1439 EP 1451 DI 10.1175/JTECH2035.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 205FR UT WOS:000249099900009 ER PT J AU Killeen, TJ Douglas, M Consiglio, T Jorgensen, PM Mejia, J AF Killeen, Timothy J. Douglas, Michael Consiglio, Trisha Jorgensen, Peter M. Mejia, John TI Dry spots and wet spots in the Andean hotspot SO JOURNAL OF BIOGEOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Association-for-Tropical-Biology-and-Conservation CY 2005 CL Uberlandia, BRAZIL SP Canadian Assoc Phys Anthropol DE biodiversity; conservation biogeography; dry forest; latitudinal diversity gradients; Pleistocene refugia; precipitation patterns; rain forest; tropical Andes; water-energy dynamics ID SOUTH-AMERICAN ALTIPLANO; PLANT-SPECIES RICHNESS; WATER-ENERGY DYNAMICS; CONVECTIVE CLOUDINESS; AMAZON DEFORESTATION; SCALE PATTERNS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; SANTA-ROSALIA; DIVERSITY; VARIABILITY AB Aim To explain the relationship between topography, prevailing winds and precipitation in order to identify regions with contrasting precipitation regimes and then compare floristic similarity among regions in the context of climate change. Location Eastern slope of the tropical Andes, South America. Methods We used information sources in the public domain to identify the relationship between geology, topography, prevailing wind patterns and precipitation. Areas with contrasting precipitation regimes were identified and compared for their floristic similarity. Results We identify spatially separate super-humid, humid and relatively dry regions on the eastern slope of the Andes and show how they are formed by the interaction of prevailing winds, diurnally varying atmospheric circulations and the local topography of the Andes. One key aspect related to the formation of these climatically distinct regions is the South American low-level jet (SALLJ), a relatively steady wind gyre that flows pole-ward along the eastern slopes of the Andes and is part of the gyre associated with the Atlantic trade winds that cross the Amazon Basin. The strongest winds of the SALLJ occur near the 'elbow of the Andes' at 18 degrees S. Super-humid regions with mean annual precipitation greater than 3500 mm, are associated with a 'favourable' combination of topography, wind-flow orientation and local air circulation that favours ascent at certain hours of the day. Much drier regions, with mean annual precipitation less than 1500 mm, are associated with 'unfavourable' topographic orientation with respect to the mean winds and areas of reduced cloudiness produced by local breezes that moderate the cloudiness. We show the distribution of satellite-estimated frequency of cloudiness and offer hypotheses to explain the occurrence of these patterns and to explain regions of anomalously low precipitation in Bolivia and northern Peru. Floristic analysis shows that overall similarity among all circumscribed regions of this study is low; however, similarity among super-humid and humid regions is greater when compared with similarity among dry regions. Spatially separate areas with humid and super-humid precipitation regimes show similarity gradients that are correlated with latitude (proximity) and precipitation. Main conclusions The distribution of precipitation on the eastern slope of the Andes is not simply correlated with latitude, as is often assumed, but is the result of the interplay between wind and topography. Understanding the phenomena responsible for producing the observed precipitation patterns is important for mapping and modelling biodiversity, as well as for interpreting both past and future climate scenarios and the impact of climate change on biodiversity. Super-humid and dry regions have topographic characteristics that contribute to local climatic stability and may represent ancestral refugia for biodiversity; these regions are a conservation priority due to their unique climatic characteristics and the biodiversity associated with those characteristics. C1 Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci Conservat Int, Washington, DC 20036 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73072 USA. Missouri Bot Garden, St Louis, MO 63166 USA. Univ Oklahoma, NOAA, CIMMS, Natl Weather Ctr, Oklahoma City, OK 73072 USA. RP Killeen, TJ (reprint author), Ctr Appl Biodivers Sci Conservat Int, 1919 M St NW, Washington, DC 20036 USA. EM t.killeen@conservation.org NR 84 TC 82 Z9 88 U1 2 U2 27 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0305-0270 J9 J BIOGEOGR JI J. Biogeogr. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 34 IS 8 BP 1357 EP 1373 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2699.2006.01682.x PG 17 WC Ecology; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 201RT UT WOS:000248851000008 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Jha, B Zhang, Q Bounoua, L AF Kumar, Arun Jha, Bhaskar Zhang, Qin Bounoua, Lahouari TI A new methodology for estimating the unpredictable component of seasonal atmospheric variability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; SOIL-MOISTURE; GCM SIMULATIONS; POTENTIAL PREDICTABILITY; SURFACE TEMPERATURES; NATURAL VARIABILITY; NORTH-AMERICA; ENSEMBLE; PREDICTION; CLIMATE AB Predictability limits for seasonal atmospheric climate variability depend on the fraction of variability that is due to factors external to the atmosphere (e.g., boundary conditions) and the fraction that is internal. From the analysis of observed data alone, however, separation of the total seasonal atmospheric variance into its external and internal components remains a difficult and controversial issue. In this paper a simple procedure for estimating atmospheric internal variability is outlined. This procedure is based on the expected value of the mean square error between the observed and the general circulation model simulated (or predicted) seasonal mean anomaly. The end result is a spatial map for the estimate of the observed seasonal atmospheric internal (or unpredictable) variability. As improved general circulation models become available, mean square error estimated from the new generation of general circulation models can be easily included in the procedure proposed herein, bringing the estimate for the internal variability closer to its true estimate. C1 NCEP NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. NCEP NOAA, RSIS, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Rm 800, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 20 IS 15 BP 3888 EP 3901 DI 10.1175/JCLI4216.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 198IH UT WOS:000248619800010 ER PT J AU Sun, BM Karl, TR Seidel, DJ AF Sun, Bomin Karl, Thomas R. Seidel, Dian J. TI Changes in cloud-ceiling heights and frequencies over the United States since the early 1950s SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CONTEMPORARY CHANGES; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; SOLAR-RADIATION; TRENDS; TEMPERATURE; SURFACE; CLIMATOLOGY; COVER; ISCCP; 20TH-CENTURY AB U.S. weather stations operated by NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS) have undergone significant changes in reporting and measuring cloud ceilings. Stations operated by the Department of Defense have maintained more consistent reporting practices. By comparing cloud-ceiling data from 223 NWS first-order stations with those from 117 military stations, and by further comparison with changes in physically related parameters, inhomogeneous records, including all NWS records based only on automated observing systems and the military records prior to the early 1960s, were identified and discarded. Data from the two networks were then used to determine changes in daytime ceiling height (the above-ground height of the lowest sky-cover layer that is more than half opaque) and ceiling occurrence frequency (percentage of total observations that have ceilings) over the contiguous United States since the 1950s. Cloud-ceiling height in the surface-3.6-km layer generally increased during 1951-2003, with more significant changes in the period after the early 1970s and in the surface-2-km layer. These increases were mostly over the western United States and in the coastal regions. No significant change was found in surface-3.6-kin ceiling occurrence during 1951-2003, but during the period since the early 1970s, there is a tendency for a decrease in frequency of ceilings with height below 3.6 km. Cloud-ceiling heights above 3.6 km have shown no significant changes in the past 30 yr, but there has been an increase in frequency, consistent with the increase in ceiling height below 3.6 kin. For the surface-3.6-km layer, physically consistent changes were identified as related to changes in ceiling height and frequency of occurrence. This included reductions in precipitation frequency related to low ceiling frequency, and surface warming and decreasing relative humidity accompanying increasing ceiling heights during the past 30 yr. C1 NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NOAA, Natl Climate Data Ctr, STG Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Seidel, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, 1315 E E Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Dian.Seidel@noaa.gov RI Sun, Bomin/P-8742-2014 OI Sun, Bomin/0000-0002-4872-9349 NR 47 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 20 IS 15 BP 3956 EP 3970 DI 10.1175/JCLI4213.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 198IH UT WOS:000248619800014 ER PT J AU Lee, JJW Wang, Y Lloyd, IK Lawn, BR AF Lee, J. J. -W. Wang, Y. Lloyd, I. K. Lawn, B. R. TI Joining veneers to ceramic cores and dentition with adhesive interlayers SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adhesive joining; glass; contact loading; veneer failure ID BRITTLE MATERIALS SUBJECT; COMPETING FRACTURE MODES; LIQUID ENVIRONMENTS; TRANSVERSE FRACTURE; BILAYER STRUCTURES; LAYER STRUCTURES; DAMAGE; COATINGS; FAILURE; DESIGN AB Adhesive joining of veneers to cores offers potential simplicity and economy in the fabrication of all-ceramic crowns. We tested the hypothesis that resin-based adhesives can be used for such fabrication without compromising mechanical integrity of the crown structure. A simple test procedure for quantifying this hypothesis was proposed. A model glass veneer layer 1 mm thick (representative of porcelain), adhesively bonded onto a glass-like core substrate (ceramic or dental enamel), was loaded at its top surface with a hard sphere (occlusal force) until a radial crack initiated at the veneer undersurface. The critical loads for fracture, visually observable in the transparent glass, afforded a measure of the predisposition for the adhesive to cause veneer failure in an occlusal overload. Two adhesives were tested, one a commercial epoxy resin and the other a relatively stiff in-house-developed composite. The results confirmed that stiffer adhesives provide higher resistance to failure. C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM brian.lawn@nist.gov RI Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE10976] NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 86 IS 8 BP 745 EP 748 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 193OQ UT WOS:000248284100011 PM 17652203 ER PT J AU Zhao, W Golding, TD Littler, CL Dinan, JH Dura, JA Lindstrom, RM AF Zhao, W. Golding, T. D. Littler, C. L. Dinan, J. H. Dura, J. A. Lindstrom, R. M. TI Diffusion of selenium in liquid-phase epitaxy-grown Hg0.78Cd0.22Te SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-IV Materials CY OCT 10-12, 2006 CL Newport Beach, CA DE HgCdTe; diffusion; selenium; infrared ID MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; HGCDTE; SI AB We present preliminary results on Se diffusion in liquid-phase epitaxy (LPE)grown HgCdTe epilayers. The LPE Hg0.78Cd0.22Te samples were implanted with Se of 2.0 x 10(14)/cm(2) at 100 keV and annealed at 350-450 degrees C in mercury saturated vapor. Secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) profiles were obtained for each sample. From a Gaussian fit, we find that the Se diffusion coefficient D-Se, is about 1-2 orders of magnitude smaller than that of arsenic. The as-implanted Se distribution is taken into account in case of small diffusion length in Gaussian fitting. The D-Se was found to satisfy the Arrhenius relationship D-Se = D(0)e(B)(-E/K)(T). C1 Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76201 USA. USA RDECOM CERDEC NVESD, Ft Belvoir, VA 22060 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhao, W (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76201 USA. EM zhaowei70@gmail.com RI Dura, Joseph/B-8452-2008 OI Dura, Joseph/0000-0001-6877-959X NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 8 BP 822 EP 825 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0096-6 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 207MK UT WOS:000249255000002 ER PT J AU Duff, MC Hunter, DB Nuessle, P Black, DR Burdette, H Woicik, J Burger, A Groza, M AF Duff, Martine C. Hunter, Douglas B. Nuessle, Patterson Black, David R. Burdette, Harold Woicik, Joseph Burger, Arnold Groza, Michael TI Synchrotron X-ray based characterization of CdZnTe crystals SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT US Workshop on the Physics and Chemistry of II-IV Materials CY OCT 10-12, 2006 CL Newport Beach, CA DE IR imaging; radiation detectors; semiconductors ID ABSORPTION FINE-STRUCTURE; DETECTORS; GROWTH AB Synthetic CdZnTe (CZT) crystals can be used for the room temperature based detection of gamma radiation. Structural/morphological heterogeneities within CZT, such as secondary phases (namely, precipitates and inclusions), can negatively affect detector performance. We used a synchrotron-based x-ray technique, specifically extended x-ray absorption finestructure (EXAFS) spectroscopy, to determine whether there are differences on a local structural level between intact CZT of high and low radiation detector performance. These studies were complemented by data on radiation detector performance and transmission infrared (IR) imaging. The EXAFS studies revealed no detectable local structural differences between the two types of CZT materials. C1 SRNL, Aiken, SC USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN USA. RP Duff, MC (reprint author), SRNL, Aiken, SC USA. EM martine.duff@srnl.doe.gov NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU MINERALS METALS MATERIALS SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 184 THORN HILL RD, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 36 IS 8 BP 1092 EP 1097 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0181-x PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 207MK UT WOS:000249255000043 ER PT J AU Zhao, H Icoz, T Jaluria, Y Knight, D AF Zhao, H. Icoz, T. Jaluria, Y. Knight, D. TI Application of data-driven design optimization methodology to a multi-objective design optimization problem SO JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING DESIGN LA English DT Article DE dynamic data-driven application system; data-driven design optimization methodology; multi-objective design optimization; regression model AB The data-driven design optimization methodology (DDDOM) is an application of the dynamic data-driven application system concept in the engineering design domain. The DDDOM combines experiments and simulations concurrently and tends to achieve better designs in less time with less effort than traditional methods. This paper presents the application of the DDDOM to a multi-objective design optimization problem-design of a cooling system for electronic elements. In the DDDOM approach, both simulation and experimental data are combined to generate good surrogate models for the objective functions. The epsilon-constraint optimization method is then performed on the surrogate models and the Pareto set is found. The presented approach provides a new methodology for design optimization. C1 Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Knight, D (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08855 USA. EM knight@soemail.rutgers.edu NR 17 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0954-4828 J9 J ENG DESIGN JI J. Eng. Des. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 18 IS 4 BP 343 EP 359 DI 10.1080/09544820601010981 PG 17 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering GA 186YR UT WOS:000247815000004 ER PT J AU Malte, H Larsen, C Musyl, M Brill, R AF Malte, Hans Larsen, Christina Musyl, Michael Brill, Richard TI Differential heating and cooling rates in bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus Lowe): a model of non-steady state heat exchange SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE archival tag; endothermy; Scombridae; swimming speed; temperature; thermoregulation; vertical movement ID SKIPJACK KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS; ARCHIVAL TAGGING DATA; LARGE WATER TUNNEL; BLUEFIN TUNA; YELLOWFIN TUNA; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; PHYSIOLOGICAL THERMOREGULATION; HORIZONTAL MOVEMENTS; ULTRASONIC TELEMETRY; MUSCLE TEMPERATURE AB We analyzed water temperature, visceral cavity temperature and depth data from archival tags retrieved from bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) at liberty in the central Pacific for up to 57 days using a mathematical model of heat exchange. Our model took into account the transfer of heat between the portions of the myotomes comprising red muscle fibers adjacent to the spinal column and served by vascular counter current heat exchanges (henceforth referred to as 'red muscle') and the water, as well as between the red muscle and the temperature sensor of the archival tags in the visceral cavity. Our model successfully predicted the recorded visceral cavity temperatures during vertical excursions provided that the rate constants for heat transfer between the ambient water and the red muscle during cooling (k(low)) and those during heating (k(high)) were very dissimilar. Least-squares fitting of klow and khigh for the entire period that the fish were at liberty yielded values generally in the ranges 0.02 - 0.04 min(-1) and 0.2 - 0.6 min(-1) (respectively), with an average ratio k(high)/k(low) of approximate to 12. Our results confirmed those from previous studies showing that bigeye tuna have extensive physiological thermoregulatory abilities probably exerted through changes of blood flow patterns that controlled the efficiency of vascular countercurrent heat exchanges. There was a small but significant negative correlation between klow and size, whereas there was no correlation between khigh and size. The maximum swimming speeds during vertical excursions (calculated from the pressure data) occurred midway during ascents and averaged approximate to 2 FL s(-1) (where FL=fork length), although speeds as high approximate to 4 - 7 FL s(-1) were also noted. C1 Univ Aarhus, Inst Biol Sci, Dept Zoophysiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Pelag Fisheries Res Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu Lab, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Brill, R (reprint author), Univ Aarhus, Inst Biol Sci, Dept Zoophysiol, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. EM rbrill@vims.edu RI Malte, Hans/J-6018-2013 NR 53 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 17 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 210 IS 15 BP 2618 EP 2626 DI 10.1242/jeb.003855 PG 9 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 205LT UT WOS:000249116000013 PM 17644676 ER PT J AU Park, SK O'Neill, MS Stunder, BJB Vokonas, PS Sparrow, D Koutrakis, P Schwartz, J AF Park, Sung Kyun O'Neill, Marie S. Stunder, Barbara J. B. Vokonas, Pantel S. Sparrow, David Koutrakis, Petros Schwartz, Joel TI Source location of air pollution and cardiac autonomic function: Trajectory cluster analysis for exposure assessment SO JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE SCIENCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE air pollution; autonomic nervous system; back-trajectory; cluster analysis; heart rate variability ID HEART-RATE-VARIABILITY; PM SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; DAILY MORTALITY; HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; US CITIES; ASSOCIATIONS; PARTICLES; PHOENIX; DISEASE AB Although many studies report that exposure to air pollution harms health, few have examined associations between pollution sources and health outcomes. We hypothesized that pollution originating in different locations has different associations with heart rate variability (HRV) among 497 men from the Normative Aging Study in Boston, Massachusetts. We identified the paths that air masses traveled ('back- trajectories') before arriving in Boston on the days the men were examined. Next, we classified these trajectories into six clusters. We examined whether the association of measured air pollutants with HRV (standard deviation of normal- to- normal intervals, high- frequency power (HF) and low- frequency power (LF), and LF/HF ratio) differed by cluster. We also examined whether the clusters alone (not considering air pollution measurements) showed different associations with HRV. The effects of black carbon (BC) on all HRV measures were strongest on days with southwest trajectories. Subjects who were examined on days where air parcels came from west had the strongest associations with ozone. All particle pollutants (particulate matter <2.5 mu m in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), BC, and sulfates) were associated with increased LF/HF ratio on days with relatively short trajectories, which are related to local, slow- moving air masses. We also observed significant increases in LF/HF in days where air came from the northwest and west, compared to north trajectory days. Health effects associated with exposure to air pollution can be evaluated using pollutant concentrations as well as aspects of the pollution mixture captured by identifying locations where air masses originate. Independent effects of both these indicators of pollution exposure were seen on cardiac autonomic function. C1 Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Epidemiol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Dept Med, Boston, MA 02118 USA. Boston Univ, Sch Med, Vet Affairs Boston Healthcare Syst, VA Normat Aging Study, Boston, MA 02118 USA. RP Park, SK (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, 109 S Observ St SPH II-M6240, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM sungkyun@umich.edu RI Stunder, Barbara/C-3106-2016 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01ES009825, T32 ES07069, ES00002] NR 36 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1559-0631 J9 J EXPO SCI ENV EPID JI J. Expo. Sci. Environ. Epidemiol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 5 BP 488 EP 497 DI 10.1038/sj.jes.7500552 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 199CS UT WOS:000248674400008 PM 17299527 ER PT J AU Schlenoff, C Steves, MP Weiss, BA Shneier, M Virts, A AF Schlenoff, Craig Steves, Michelle Potts Weiss, Brian A. Shneier, Mike Virts, Ann TI Applying SCORE to field-based performance evaluations of soldier worn sensor technologies SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Workshop on Safety Security and Rescue Robots/6th Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems CY AUG, 2006 CL Nat Inst Stand Tech, Gaithersburg, MD SP IEEE HO Nat Inst Stand Tech AB Soldiers are often asked to perform missions that last many hours and are extremely stressful. After a mission is complete, the soldiers are typically asked to provide a report describing the most important things that happened during the mission. Due to the various stresses associated with military missions, there are undoubtedly many instances in which important information is missed or not reported and, therefore, not available for use when planning future missions. The ASSIST (Advanced Soldier Sensor Information System and Sensors Technology) program is addressing this challenge by instrumenting soldiers with sensors that they can wear directly on their uniforms. During the mission, the sensors continuously record what is going on around the soldier. With this information, soldiers are able to give more accurate reports without relying solely on their memory. In order for systems like this (often termed autonomous or intelligent systems) to be successful, they must be comprehensively and quantitatively evaluated to ensure that they will function appropriately and as expected in a wartime environment. The primary contribution of this paper is to introduce and define a framework and approach to performance evaluation called SCORE (System, Component, and Operationally Relevant Evaluation) and describe the results of applying it to evaluate the ASSIST technology. As the name implies, SCORE is built around the premise that, in order to get a true picture of how a system performs in the field, it must be evaluated at the component level, the system level, and in operationally relevant environments. The SCORE framework provides proven techniques to aid in the performance evaluation of many types of intelligent systems. To date, SCORE has only been applied to technologies under development (formative evaluation), but the authors believe that this approach would lend itself equally well to the evaluation of technologies ready to be fielded (summative evaluation). (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 NIST, ISD, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schlenoff, C (reprint author), NIST, ISD, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1556-4959 J9 J FIELD ROBOT JI J. Field Robot. PD AUG-SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 8-9 BP 671 EP 698 DI 10.1002/rob.20211 PG 28 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 214PS UT WOS:000249751200004 ER PT J AU Lakaemper, R Adluru, N Latecki, LJ AF Lakaemper, Rolf Adluru, Nagesh Latecki, Longin Jan TI Multi robot mapping using force field simulation SO JOURNAL OF FIELD ROBOTICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE International Workshop on Safety, Security and Rescue Robots/6th Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems CY AUG, 2006 CL Nat Inst Stand Tech, Gaithersburg, MD SP IEEE HO Nat Inst Stand Tech ID FAST GAUSS TRANSFORM; SIMULTANEOUS LOCALIZATION; REGISTRATION; ALGORITHM; SHAPES AB This paper describes a novel approach, called Force Field Simulation, to multi robot mapping that works under the constraints given in autonomous search and rescue robotics. Extremely poor prealignment, lack of landmarks, and minimal overlap between scans are the main challenges. The presented algorithm solves the alignment problem of such laser scans utilizing a gradient descent approach motivated by physics, namely simulation of movement of masses in gravitational fields, but exchanges laws of physics with constraints given by human perception. Experiments on different real world data sets show the successful application of the algorithm. We also provide an experimental comparison with classical ICP implementation and a Lu/Milios-type alignment algorithm. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lakaemper, R (reprint author), Temple Univ, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. EM lakamper@temple.edu; nagesh@temple.edu; latecki@temple.edu NR 39 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1556-4959 EI 1556-4967 J9 J FIELD ROBOT JI J. Field Robot. PD AUG-SEP PY 2007 VL 24 IS 8-9 BP 747 EP 762 DI 10.1002/rob.20210 PG 16 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 214PS UT WOS:000249751200007 ER PT J AU Hurst, TP AF Hurst, T. P. TI Causes and consequences of winter mortality in fishes SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Review DE predation; recruitment; size-elective mortality; starvation; thermal stress; winter mortality ID OF-THE-YEAR; AGE-0 LARGEMOUTH BASS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; ALEWIFE ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; JUVENILE SUMMER FLOUNDER; UNITED-STATES RESERVOIR; PERCH PERCA-FLAVESCENS; BREAM SPARUS-AURATA AB Winter mortality has been documented in a large number of freshwater fish populations, and a smaller, but increasing, number of marine and estuarine fishes. The impacted populations include a number of important North American and European resource species, yet the sources of winter mortality remain unidentified in most populations where it has been documented. Among the potential sources, thermal stress and starvation have received the most research attention. Other sources including predation and pathogens have significant impacts but have received insufficient attention to date. Designs of more recent laboratory experiments have reflected recognition of the potential for interactions among these co-occurring stressors. Geographic patterns in winter mortality are, in some cases, linked to latitudinal clines in winter severity and variability. However, for many freshwater species in particular, the effects of local community structure (predators and prey) may overwhelm latitudinal patterns. Marine (and estuarine) systems differ from freshwater systems in several aspects important to overwintering fishes, the most important being the lack of isolating barriers in the ocean. While open population boundaries allow fish to adopt migration strategies minimizing exposure to thermal stresses, they may retard rates of evolution to local environments. Geographic patterns in the occurrence and causes of winter mortality are ultimately determined by the interaction of regional and local factors. Winter mortality impacts population dynamics through episodic depressions in stock size and regulation of annual cohort strength. While the former tends to act in a density-independent manner, the latter can be density dependent, as most sources of mortality tend to select against the smallest members of the cohort and population. Most stock assessment and management regimes have yet to explicitly incorporate the variability in winter mortality. Potential management responses include postponement of cohort evaluation (to after first winter of life), harvest restrictions following mortality events and habitat enhancement. Future research should place more emphasis on the ecological aspects of winter mortality including the influences of food-web structure on starvation and predation. Beyond illuminating an understudied life-history phase, studies of overwintering ecology are integral to contemporary issues in fisheries ecology including ecosystem management, habitat evaluation, and impacts of climate change. (c) 2007 The Author Journal compilation (C) 2007 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Fisheries Behav Ecol Pro, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Hurst, TP (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Fisheries Behav Ecol Pro, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 NR 181 TC 161 Z9 164 U1 16 U2 90 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 2 BP 315 EP 345 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01596.x PG 31 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 200WQ UT WOS:000248793900001 ER PT J AU Yang, S Yoo, SH Yang, R Mitchell, KE van den Dool, H Higgins, RW AF Yang, Song Yoo, S.-H. Yang, R. Mitchell, K. E. van den Dool, H. Higgins, R. W. TI Response of seasonal simulations of a regional climate model to high-frequency variability of soil moisture during the summers of 1988 and 1993 SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SYSTEM; FLOOD; TEMPERATURE; FORECASTS; RAINFALL; IMPACT AB This study employs the NCEP Eta Regional Climate Model to investigate the response of the model's seasonal simulations of summer precipitation to high-frequency variability of soil moisture. Specifically, it focuses on the response of model precipitation and temperature over the U. S. Midwest and Southeast to imposed changes in the diurnal and synoptic variability of soil moisture in 1988 and 1993. High-frequency variability of soil moisture increases ( decreases) precipitation in the 1988 drought ( 1993 flood) year in the central and southern-tier states, except along the Gulf Coast, but causes smaller changes in precipitation along the northern-tier states. The diurnal variability and synoptic variability of soil moisture produce similar patterns of precipitation change, indicating the importance of the diurnal cycle of land surface process. The increase ( decrease) in precipitation is generally accompanied by a decrease ( increase) in surface and lower-tropospheric temperatures, and the changes in precipitation and temperature are attributed to both the local effect of evaporation feedback and the remote influence of large-scale water vapor transport. The precipitation increase and temperature decrease in 1988 are accompanied by an increase in local evaporation and, more importantly, by an increase in the large-scale water vapor convergence into the Midwest and Southeast. Analogous but opposite-sign behavior occurs in 1993 ( compared to 1988) in changes in precipitation, temperature, soil moisture, evaporation, and large-scale water vapor transport. Results also indicate that, in regions where the model simulates the diurnal cycle of soil moisture reasonably well, including this diurnal cycle in the simulations improves model performance. However, no notable improvement in model precipitation can be found in regions where the model fails to realistically simulate the diurnal variability of soil moisture. C1 NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Climate Predict Ctr, RSIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD USA. NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM song.yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 8 IS 4 BP 738 EP 757 DI 10.1175/JHM616.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208YF UT WOS:000249354400009 ER PT J AU Silva, VBS Kousky, VE Shi, W Higgins, RW AF Silva, Viviane B. S. Kousky, Vernon E. Shi, Wei Higgins, R. Wayne TI An improved gridded historical daily precipitation analysis for Brazil SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-AMERICA; EL-NINO; CIRCULATION; OSCILLATION; ANOMALIES; RAINFALL; SUMMER AB A gauge-only precipitation data quality control and analysis system has been developed for monitoring precipitation at NOAA's Climate Prediction Center (CPC). Over the past 10 yr the system has been used to develop and deliver many different precipitation products over the United States, Mexico, and Central and South America. Here the authors describe how the system has been applied to develop improved gridded daily precipitation analyses over Brazil. Consistent with previous studies, comparisons between the the gridded analyses and station observations reveal fewer dry days, a greater number of low precipitation days, and fewer extreme precipitation events in the gridded analyses. Even though the gridded analysis system reduces the number of dry days and increases the number of wet days, there is still a good correlation between time series of the gridpoint precipitation values and observations. Retrospective analyses are important for computing basic statistics such as mean daily/monthly rainfall, extremes, and probabilities of wet and dry days. The CPC gridded precipitation analyses can be used in hydrologic and climate variability studies dealing with large spatial-scale anomaly patterns, such as those related to ENSO. The analyses can also be used as a benchmark for evaluating model simulations, serve as a basis for real-time monitoring, and provide statistics on the occurrence of large-scale heavy rainfall events and dry periods. C1 NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Silva, VBS (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NWS, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 605A, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM viviane.silva@noaa.gov RI Shi, Wei/F-5625-2010 NR 23 TC 38 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 8 IS 4 BP 847 EP 861 DI 10.1175/JHM598.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 208YF UT WOS:000249354400016 ER PT J AU Danshita, I Tsuchiya, S AF Danshita, Ippei Tsuchiya, Shunji TI Landau and dynamical instabilities of Bose-Einstein condensates in a Kronig-Penney potential SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Quantum Fluids and Solids (QFS-2006) CY JUL 31-AUG 06, 2006 CL Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Univ ID GAS AB We study elementary excitations of Bose-Einstein condensates in a one-dimensional periodic potential and discuss the stability of superfluid flow based on the Kronig-Penney model. We analytically solve the Bogoliubov equations and calculate the excitation spectrum. The Landau and dynamical instabilities occur in the first condensate band when the superfluid velocity exceeds certain critical values as in a sinusoidal potential. It is found that the onset of the Landau instability coincides with the point where the perfect transmission of low-energy excitations is forbidden, while the dynamical instability occurs when the effective mass is negative. The condensate band has a swallow-tail structure when the periodic potential is shallow compared to the mean-field energy. We find that the upper side of a swallow-tail is dynamically unstable although the excitation spectrum has a linear dispersion reflecting the positive effective mass. C1 Univ Trent, CNR, INFM, BEC Ctr, I-38050 Povo, Italy. Waseda Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1698555, Japan. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Trent, Dipartimento Fis, I-38050 Povo, Italy. RP Tsuchiya, S (reprint author), Univ Trent, CNR, INFM, BEC Ctr, I-38050 Povo, Italy. EM tsuchiya@science.unitn.it NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 337 EP 343 DI 10.1007/s10909-007-9394-x PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 185VF UT WOS:000247737800040 ER PT J AU Watabe, S Nikuni, T Nygaard, N Williams, JE Clark, CW AF Watabe, S. Nikuni, T. Nygaard, N. Williams, J. E. Clark, C. W. TI Adiabatic phase diagram of a degenerate fermi gas with a feshbach resonance SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Quantum Fluids and Solids (QFS-2006) CY JUL 31-AUG 06, 2006 CL Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, JAPAN HO Kyoto Univ ID ATOMS AB We determine the adiabatic phase diagram of a resonantly-coupled system of Fermi atoms and Bose molecules confined in a harmonic trap by using the local density approximation. The key idea of our work is conservation of entropy through the adiabatic process. We also calculate the molecular conversion efficiency as a function of the initial temperature. Our work helps to understand recent experiments on the BCS-BEC crossover, in terms of the initial temperature measured before a sweep of the magnetic field. C1 Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo 162, Japan. Univ Aarhus, Lundbeck Fdn Theoret Ctr Quantum Syst Res, Dept Phys & Astron, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Watabe, S (reprint author), Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Phys, Tokyo, Japan. EM watabe@monet.phys.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Nygaard, Nicolai/B-4664-2009; Watabe, Shohei/E-8271-2013 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 148 IS 3-4 BP 435 EP 440 DI 10.1007/s10909-007-9398-6 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 185VF UT WOS:000247737800056 ER PT J AU Slutsker, J Tan, ZP Roytburd, AL Levin, I AF Slutsker, Julia Tan, Zhuopeng Roytburd, Alexander L. Levin, Igor TI Thermodynamic aspects of epitaxial self-assembly and magnetoelectric response in multiferroic nanostructures SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LEAD-ZIRCONATE-TITANATE; ELECTROMECHANICAL RESONANCE; COMPOSITES; FILMS; FREQUENCY; REGION AB A thermodynamic approach was used to describe the formation and magnetoelectric response of composite multiferroic films. Experimental and theoretical results that address the origins of different phase morphologies in epitaxial spinel-perovskite nanostructures grown on differently oriented substrates are presented. A theoretical model of magnetoelectric coupling in multiferroic nanostructures that considers a microscopic mechanism of magnetization in single-domain magnetic nanorods is Z, described. This model explains a discontinuous electromagnetic coupling, as observed experimentally, and predicts a hysteretic behavior of magnetization under external electric fields. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Slutsker, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM julias@nist.gov; igor.levin@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 8 BP 2087 EP 2095 DI 10.1557/JMR.2007.0286 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 196ZF UT WOS:000248521500007 ER PT J AU Strauch, FW AF Strauch, Frederick W. TI Relativistic effects and rigorous limits for discrete- and continuous-time quantum walks SO JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WAVE-PACKET EVOLUTION; ZITTERBEWEGUNG; ENTANGLEMENT; NONCAUSAL; ELECTRONS; AUTOMATA; PARTICLE; VELOCITY; SYSTEMS AB The mathematical relationship between the discrete-time and continuous-time quantum walks and the one-dimensional Dirac equation is explored by studying a class of solutions for each, expressed in terms of the generalized, regular, and modified Bessel functions, respectively. Rigorous limits connecting these solutions are established. In addition, new analytical and numerical results are presented for quantum walks and the Dirac equation, including entanglement, relativistic localization and wave packet spreading, and normal and anomalous Zitterbewegung. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Strauch, FW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frederick.strauch@nist.gov NR 52 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0022-2488 J9 J MATH PHYS JI J. Math. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 48 IS 8 AR 082102 DI 10.1063/1.2759837 PG 27 WC Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 206AN UT WOS:000249156400002 ER PT J AU Abdul-Fattah, AM Truong-Le, V Yee, L Nguyen, L Kalonia, DS Cicerone, MT Pikal, MJ AF Abdul-Fattah, Ahmad M. Truong-Le, Vu Yee, Luisa Nguyen, Lauren Kalonia, Devendra S. Cicerone, Marcus T. Pikal, Michael J. TI Drying-induced variations in physico-chemical properties of amorphous pharmaceuticals and their impact on stability (I): Stability of a monoclonal antibody SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE composition heterogeneity; electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis; glass dynamics; incoherent elastic neutron scattering; molecular mobility; protein stabilization; protein secondary structure; structural relaxation time; specific surface area; surface coverage ID LYOPHILIZED PROTEIN FORMULATIONS; GLASS-TRANSITION-TEMPERATURE; VACUUM-DRIED GLASSES; HUMAN GROWTH-HORMONE; MOLECULAR MOBILITY; STORAGE STABILITY; SURFACE CHARACTERIZATION; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY; POWDER FORMULATIONS; PARTICLE-SIZE AB The present study was conducted to investigate the impact of drying method and formulation on the storage stability of IgG(1). Formulations of IgG(1) with varying levels of sucrose with and without surfactant were dried by different methods, namely freeze drying, spray drying, and foam drying. Dried powders were characterized by thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy, specific surface area (SSA) analysis, electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), solid state FTIR, and molecular mobility measurements by both isothermal calorimetry and incoherent elastic neutron scattering. Dried formulations were subjected to storage stability studies at 40 degrees C and 50 degrees C (aggregate levels were measured by size exclusion chromatography initially and at different time points). Both drying method and formulation had a significant impact on the properties of IgG(1) powders, including storage stability. Among the drying methods, SSA was highest and perturbations in secondary structure were lowest with the spray-dried preparations. Sucrose-rich foams had the lowest SSA and the lowest protein surface accumulation. Also, sucrose-rich foams had the lowest molecular mobility (both fast dynamics and global motions). Stability studies showed a log-linear dependence of physical stability on composition. Preparations manufactured by "Foam Drying" were the most stable, regardless of the stabilizer level. In protein-rich formulations, freeze-dried powders showed the poorest storage stability and the stability differences were correlated to differences in secondary structure. In stabilizer-rich formulations, stability differences were best correlated to differences in molecular mobility (fast dynamics) and total protein surface accumulation. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. Formulat Dev, MedImmune Vaccines, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pikal, MJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Pharmaceut Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM michael.pikal@uconn.edu NR 80 TC 58 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 29 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 96 IS 8 BP 1983 EP 2008 DI 10.1002/jps.20859 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 195QY UT WOS:000248427900011 PM 17286290 ER PT J AU Van Dolah, FM Lidie, KB Morey, JS Brunelle, SA Ryan, JC Monroe, EA Haynes, BL AF Van Dolah, Frances M. Lidie, Kristy B. Morey, Jeanine S. Brunelle, Stephanie A. Ryan, James C. Monroe, Emily A. Haynes, Bennie L. TI Microarray analysis of diurnal- and circadian-regulated genes in the Florida red-tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (Dinophyceae) SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cell cycle; circadian; dinoflagellate; diurnal; gene expression; microarray ID CELL-CYCLE; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; GONYAULAX-POLYEDRA; EXPRESSION; PROTEIN; RHYTHM; ALGAE; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSCRIPTION AB The photoperiod plays a central role in regulating the physiology and behavior of photosynthetic phr toplankton, and many of these processes are controlled by an underlying circadian rhythm. In dinoflagellates, circadian rhythms have been shown to depend largely on posttranscriptional regulation. However, the extent to which dinoflagellates modulate transcript levels to regulate gene expression in response to light and dark has not been addressed. Here we utilized an oligonucleotide microarray containing probes to 4629 unique genes from the Florida red-tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis (C. C. Davis) G. Hansen et Moestrup, to characterize global gene expression patterns over a 24 h day in cells exposed to a 16:8 light:dark cycle (LD treatment) and cells under constant light (LL treatment). We determined that 9.8% of the queried genes were differentially expressed during LD, while 3% of genes were differentially expressed over the 24 h day when exposed to LL. Most genes exhibited either peak or minimum expression in early dark phase. Of the 453 differentially expressed genes in LD, 104 were assigned predicted annotations based on BLASTX searches. Few of the identifiable genes that were differentially expressed in LD appear to be under circadian control, as their cyclical expression did not persist in LL. Analysis of coordinately expressed genes revealed several novel insights into dinoflagellate gene expression, including an unusually high representation of genes involved in posttranscriptional processing of RNA and protein turnover, the regulation of PSII genes in response to light and dark, and the absence of transcriptional regulation of cell-cycle genes. C1 NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM fran.vandolah@noaa.gov OI Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785 NR 52 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 7 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 741 EP 752 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00354.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 197HI UT WOS:000248544800012 ER PT J AU Mason, PL Litaker, RW Jeong, HJ Ha, JH Reece, KS Stokes, NA Park, JY Steidinger, KA Vandersea, MW Kibler, S Tester, PA Vogelbein, WK AF Mason, Patrice L. Litaker, R. Wayne Jeong, Hae Jin Ha, Jeong Hyun Reece, Kimberly S. Stokes, Nancy A. Park, Jae Yeon Steidinger, Karen A. Vandersea, Mark W. Kibler, Sieve Tester, Patricia A. Vogelbein, Wolfgang K. TI Description of a new genus of Pfesteria-like dinoflagellate, Luciella gen. nov (Dinophyceae), including two new species: Luciella masanensis sp nov and Luciella atlantis sp nov. SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE dinoflagellate; heterotrophic; ITS; morphology; Peridiniales; Pfiesteriaceae; phylogeny; SSU ID PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA; RDNA SEQUENCES; IDENTIFICATION; MORPHOLOGY; OCELLATUM; ASSAYS; FISH AB A new genus of Pfiesteria-like heterotrophic dinoflagellate, Luciella gen. nov., and two new species, Luciella masanensis sp. nov. and Luciella atlantis sp. nov., are described. These species commonly occur with other small (<20 mu m) heterotrophic and mixotrophic dinoflagellates in estuaries from Florida to Maryland and the southern coast of Korea, suggesting a possible global distribution. An SEM analysis indicates that members of the genus Luciella have the enhanced Kofoidian plate formula of Po, cp, X, 4', 2a, 6 '', 6c, PC, 5+s, 5''', 0p, and 2'''. The two four-sided anterior intercalary plates are diamond shaped. The genus Luciella differs from the other genera in the Pfiesteriaceae by a least one plate in the plate tabulation and in the configuration of the two anterior intercalary plates. An SSU rDNA phylogenetic analysis confirmed the genus as monophyletic and distinct from the other genera in the Pfiesteriaceae. The morphology of Luciella masanensis closely resembles Pfiesteria piscicida Steid. et J. M. Burkh. and other Pfiesteria-like dinoflagellates in size and shape, making it easily misidentified using LM. Luciella atlantis, in contrast, has a more distinctive morphology. It can be distinguished from L. masanensis and other Pfiesteria-like organisms by a larger cell size, a more conical-shaped epitheca and hypotheca, larger rhombic-shaped intercalary plates, and an asymmetrical hypotheca. The genus Luciella is assigned to the order Peridiniales and the family Pfiesteriaceae based on plate tabulation, plate pattern, general morphology, and phylogenetic analysis. C1 Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. Seoul Natl Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Res Inst Oceanog, Seoul 151742, South Korea. Florida Inst Oceanog, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Mason, PL (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, POB 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM ptrice@vims.edu RI Jeong, hae jin/B-8908-2009 NR 23 TC 25 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 43 IS 4 BP 799 EP 810 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2007.00370.x PG 12 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 197HI UT WOS:000248544800018 ER PT J AU Zhang, R Vallis, GK AF Zhang, Rong Vallis, Geoffrey K. TI The role of bottom vortex stretching on the path of the north Atlantic western boundary current and on the northern recirculation gyre SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GULF-STREAM SEPARATION; WIND-DRIVEN OCEAN; GENERAL-CIRCULATION; CURRENT CROSSOVER; PARSONS MODEL; CAPE-HATTERAS; WORLD OCEAN; DEEP-WATER; VARIABILITY; RESOLUTION AB The mechanisms affecting the path of the depth-integrated North Atlantic western boundary current and the formation of the northern recirculation gyre are investigated using a hierarchy of models, namely, a robust diagnostic model, a prognostic model using a global 1 degrees ocean general circulation model coupled to a two-dimensional atmospheric energy balance model with a hydrological cycle, a simple numerical barotropic model, and an analytic model. The results herein suggest that the path of this boundary current and the formation of the northern recirculation gyre are sensitive to both the magnitude of lateral viscosity and the strength of the deep western boundary current (DWBC). In particular, it is shown that bottom vortex stretching induced by a downslope DWBC near the south of the Grand Banks leads to the formation of a cyclonic northern recirculation gyre and keeps the path of the depth-integrated western boundary current downstream of Cape Hatteras separated from the North American coast. Both south of the Grand Banks and at the crossover region of the DWBC and Gulf Stream, the downslope DWBC induces strong bottom downwelling over the steep continental slope, and the magnitude of the bottom downwelling is locally stronger than surface Ekman pumping velocity, providing strong positive vorticity through bottom vortexstretching effects. The bottom vortex-stretching effect is also present in an extensive area in the North Atlantic, and the contribution to the North Atlantic subpolar and subtropical gyres is on the same order as the local surface wind stress curl. Analytic solutions show that the bottom vortex stretching is important near the western boundary only when the continental slope is wider than the Munk frictional layer scale. C1 NOAA, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Zhang, R (reprint author), NOAA, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM rong.zhang@noaa.gov RI Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556 NR 70 TC 50 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 37 IS 8 BP 2053 EP 2080 DI 10.1175/JPO3102.1 PG 28 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 210GA UT WOS:000249443500005 ER PT J AU Son, S Platt, T Fuentes-Yaco, C Bouman, H Devred, E Wu, YS Sathyendranath, S AF Son, Seunghyun Platt, Trevor Fuentes-Yaco, Cesar Bouman, Heather Devred, Emmanuel Wu, Yongsheng Sathyendranath, Shubha TI Possible biogeochemical response to the passage of Hurricane Fabian observed by satellites SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; TROPICAL CYCLONE; COASTAL WATERS; OCEAN RESPONSE; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PHYTOPLANKTON; SEA; TEMPERATURE; NITRATE; ENVIRONMENT AB Plysical and biogeochemical changes induced by the Hurricane Fabian in the Northwest Atlantic in early September 2003 were observed using composite satellite images. After the passage of the hurricane, the mean sea surface temperature (SST) along the track decreased on average by about 1.3 degrees C with maximum decrease of 10 degrees C. At the same time, the mean Chl a concentration increased by about 42%. Entrainment of cold, nutrient-rich waters by vertical mixing induced by the hurricane seems to have enhanced the phytoplankton production. Asymmetric distribution of changes in SST and Chl a (strong intensiy on the Tight side of the storm track) was observed from the satellite data. The storm-induced nitrate increase estimated from the satellite SST, using a local relationship between nitrate and temperature measurements was about 40% on average along the track of the storm. A numerical model study and climatological nutrient profile showed an increase in mixed-layer depth of 26 m and nitrate increase of about 0.2 mu mol L-1 after the storm passage. In addition to altering the physicochemical conditions of the water column, physical forcing by the hurricane also chan the taxonomic composition of phytoplankton. It is inferred that the dominance of diatoms after the storm is a result of the increase in nutrient concentration within the mixed layer due to the wind forcing of the storm. C1 IMSG, NOAA Sci Ctr, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS, Canada. Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. RP Son, S (reprint author), IMSG, NOAA Sci Ctr, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM seunghyun.son@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 EI 1464-3774 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 29 IS 8 BP 687 EP 697 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbm050 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 196TF UT WOS:000248504400003 ER PT J AU Hegaret, H Wikfors, GH Shumway, SE AF Hegaret, Helene Wikfors, Gary H. Shumway, Sandra E. TI Diverse feeding responses of five species of bivalve mollusc when exposed to three species of harmful algae SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE filtration; clearance; biodeposits; bivalve mollusc; mussels; oysters; clams; scallops; harmful algal bloom; HAB; toxic algae; Alexandrium fundyense; Heterosigma akashiwo; Prorocentrum minimum; Argopecten irradians; Crassostrea virginica; Merceneria mercenaria; Mya arenaria; Mytilus edulis ID DINOFLAGELLATE PROROCENTRUM-MINIMUM; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS THUNBERG; PROTOGONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; HETEROSIGMA-AKASHIWO; MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; PARTICLE SELECTION; CULTURED STRAIN; EASTERN OYSTERS; CONCANAVALIN-A; FLOW-CYTOMETRY AB Shell closure and restriction of filtration are behavioral responses by which bivalve molluscs can limit exposure of soft tissues to noxious or toxic agents, including harmful microalgae. In this study, we assessed the clearance rates of five species of bivalve mollusc-the northern bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians, the eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica, the northern quahog Mercenaria mercennaria, the softshell clarn Mya arenaria, and the blue mussel Mytilus edulis-exposed for one hour to each of three harmful-algal strains: Prorocentrum minimum. Alexandrium fundyense, and Heterosigma akashiwo. Clearance rates of harmful-algal cells were compared with clearance rates of a benign microalga, Rhodomonas sp., and to a Mix of each harmful alga with Rhodomonas sp. Qualitative observations of valve closure and production of biodeposits were also assessed during the exposure experiments. Feces and pseudofeces were collected and observed with light and fluorescence microscopy for the presence or absence of intact, potentially-viable algal cells or temporary cysts. Results increase our understanding of the high variation between the different bivalve/harmful alga pairs. Responses of bivalve species to the different harmful algae were species-specific. but ill most cases indicated a preferential retention of harmful algal cells, probably based upon different characteristics of the algae. Each shellfish species also reacted differently to the harmful-algal exposures; several remained open; whereas, others, such as oysters exposed to the toxic raphiclophyte Heterosigma akashiwo, closed shells partially or totally. Similarly, production of feces and pseudofeces varied appreciably between the different bivalve/alga pairs; with the exception of softshell clams Mya arenaria, intact cells of most harmful-algal species tested were seen in biodeposits of the other four bivalve species. These results extend our understanding of the high species specificity in the interactions between harmful algae and bivalve molluscs and confirm that generalizations about feeding responses of bivalves to harmful algae cannot easily be made. In most cases. however. there was at least some ingestion of the harmful algae leading to exposure of soft tissues to the algal cells. C1 Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Shumway, SE (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM Sandra.Shumway@uconn.edu RI Hegaret, Helene/B-7206-2008 OI Hegaret, Helene/0000-0003-4639-9013 NR 63 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 3 U2 33 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 26 IS 2 BP 549 EP 559 DI 10.2983/0730-8000(2007)26[549:DFROFS]2.0.CO;2 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 208JA UT WOS:000249314400029 ER PT J AU Sirovic, A Hildebrand, JA Wiggins, SM AF Sirovic, Ana Hildebrand, John A. Wiggins, Sean M. TI Blue and fin whale call source levels and propagation range in the Southern Ocean SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID BALEEN WHALES; BALAENOPTERA-MUSCULUS; 20-HZ SIGNALS; SOUNDS; PACIFIC; VOCALIZATIONS; LOCALIZATION; LOCATION; PHYSALUS; MAMMALS AB Blue (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin whales (B. physalus) produce high-intensity, low-frequency calls, which probably function for communication during mating and feeding. The source levels of blue and fin whale calls off the Western Antarctic Peninsula were calculated using recordings made with calibrated, bottom-moored hydrophones. Blue whales were located up to a range of 200 km using hyperbolic localization and time difference of arrival. The distance to fin whales, estimated using multipath arrivals of their calls, was up to 56 km. The error in range measurements was 3.8 km using hyperbolic localization, and 3.4 km using multipath arrivals. Both species produced high-intensity calls; the average blue whale call source level was 189 +/- 3 dB re: 1/mu Pa-1 m over 25-29 Hz, and the average fin whale call source level was 189 +/- 4 dB re: 1/mu Pa-1 m over 15-28 Hz. Blue and fin whale populations in the Southern Ocean have remained at low numbers for decades since they became protected; using source level and detection range from passive acoustic recordings can help in calculating the relative density of calling, whales. (C) 2007 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Sirovic, A (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM ana.sirovic@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 76 Z9 80 U1 3 U2 35 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 122 IS 2 BP 1208 EP 1215 DI 10.1121/1.2749452 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 198RB UT WOS:000248644100048 PM 17672667 ER PT J AU Reimanis, IE Seick, C Fitzpatrick, K Fuller, ER Landin, S AF Reimanis, I. E. Seick, C. Fitzpatrick, K. Fuller, E. R., Jr. Landin, S. TI Spontaneous ejecta from beta-eucryptite composites SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CERAMIC SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID THERMAL-EXPANSION; MECHANISMS AB Polycrystalline ceramic composites, comprised of primarily beta-eucryptite (LiAlSiO4) and lithium aluminate (LiAl5O8) crystals, with a near-zero coefficient of thermal expansion, were examined with indentation experiments. A unique behavior is reported: subsequent to the indentation, the material responds by ejecting multiple particles violently from the area of the indent for a time period up to several minutes. The behavior is suppressed in the absence of moisture. An estimate of the source of energy for this process and a potential mechanism are discussed. C1 Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. CoorsTek Inc, Golden, CO 80401 USA. RP Reimanis, IE (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Met & Mat Engn, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM reimanis@mines.edu NR 16 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0002-7820 J9 J AM CERAM SOC JI J. Am. Ceram. Soc. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 90 IS 8 BP 2497 EP 2501 DI 10.1111/j.1551-2916.2007.01744.x PG 5 WC Materials Science, Ceramics SC Materials Science GA 194YL UT WOS:000248379600032 ER PT J AU Chen, G Held, IM Robinson, WA AF Chen, Gang Held, Isaac M. Robinson, Walter A. TI Sensitivity of the latitude of the surface westerlies to surface friction SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERE CLIMATE-CHANGE; EDDY LIFE-CYCLES; SOUTHERN-HEMISPHERE; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; CIRCULATION MODEL; WAVE-PACKETS; ZONAL JETS; PART I; FLOW; PERTURBATIONS AB The sensitivity to surface friction of the latitude of the surface westerlies and the associated eddy-driven midlatitude jet is studied in an idealized dry GCM. The westerlies move poleward as the friction is reduced in strength. An increase in the eastward phase speed of midlatitude eddies is implicated as playing a central role in this shift. This shift in latitude is mainly determined by changes in the friction on the zonal mean flow rather than the friction on the eddies. If the friction on the zonal mean is reduced instantaneously, the response reveals two distinctive adjustment time scales. In the fast adjustment over the first 10-20 days, there is an increase in the barotropic component of zonal winds and a substantial decrease in the eddy kinetic energy; the shift in the surface westerlies and jet latitude occurs in a slower adjustment. The space-time eddy momentum flux spectra suggest that the key to the shift is a poleward movement in the subtropical critical latitude associated with the faster eastward phase speeds in the dominant midlatitude eddies. The view is supported by simulating the upper-tropospheric dynamics in a stochastically stirred nonlinear shallow water model. C1 Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Chen, G (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM gchen@princeton.edu RI Robinson, Walter/I-3782-2012; Chen, Gang/I-3305-2012 OI Robinson, Walter/0000-0002-6669-7408; Chen, Gang/0000-0003-4934-1909 NR 38 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 64 IS 8 BP 2899 EP 2915 DI 10.1175/JAS3995.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 199WW UT WOS:000248726900008 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Dunstan, RM AF Levine, Zachary H. Dunstan, Robyn M. TI Synthetic incoherence for electron microscopy SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA A-OPTICS IMAGE SCIENCE AND VISION LA English DT Article ID HOLLOW CONE ILLUMINATION; TOMOGRAPHY AB Tomographic studies of submicrometer samples in materials science using electron microscopy have been inhibited by diffraction effects. In the present work, we describe a practical method for ameliorating these effects. First, we find an analytic expression for the mutual coherence function for hollow-cone illumination. Then, we use this analytic expression to propose a Gaussian weighting of hollow-cone illumination, which we name tapered solid-cone illumination, and present an analytic expression for its mutual coherence function. Finally, we investigate numerically an n-ring approximation to tapered solid-cone illumination. The results suggest a method for removing diffraction effects and hence enabling tomography. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Elizabethtown Coll, Elizabethtown, PA 17022 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zlevine@nist.gov NR 16 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1084-7529 J9 J OPT SOC AM A JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. A-Opt. Image Sci. Vis. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 24 IS 8 BP 2402 EP 2406 DI 10.1364/JOSAA.24.002402 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 191OI UT WOS:000248140300027 PM 17621343 ER PT J AU Newbury, NR Swann, WC AF Newbury, Nathan R. Swann, William C. TI Low-noise fiber-laser frequency combs (Invited) SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; SUPERCONTINUUM GENERATION; FEMTOSECOND LASER; TIMING JITTER; PHASE-CONTROL; ALL-FIBER; MICROSTRUCTURE FIBER; OPTICAL FREQUENCIES; PULSE GENERATION; AMPLITUDE NOISE AB We discuss experimental and theoretical aspects of a low-noise fiber-laser frequency comb, including the experimental configuration and the major contributions to the frequency noise and linewidth of the individual comb modes. Intracavity noise sources acting on the mode-locked laser determine the free-running comb linewidth and include environmental changes, pump noise, and amplified spontaneous emission (ASE). Extracavity noise sources acting outside of the laser typically determine the signal-to-noise ratio on the comb lines and include environmental effects, shot noise, and noise generated during supercontinuum generation. Feedback strongly suppresses these intracavity noise contributions, yielding a system that operates with comb linewidths and timing jitter below the quantum limit set by the intracavity ASE. Finally, we discuss correlations in the residual noise across a phase-locked comb. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov NR 63 TC 118 Z9 119 U1 6 U2 42 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1756 EP 1770 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.24.001756 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 194PL UT WOS:000248356200014 ER PT J AU Sasso, CR Epperly, SP AF Sasso, Christopher R. Epperly, Sheryan P. TI Survival of pelagic juvenile loggerhead turtles in the open ocean SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE atlantic Ocean; Caretta caretta; known-fate model; loggerheads; pelagic survival ID SEA-TURTLES; LEPIDOCHELYS-OLIVACEA; POPULATION-MODEL; CARETTA-CARETTA; NORTH-ATLANTIC; MORTALITY; LONGLINES; FISHERY; IMPACT; TIME AB We deployed pop-up archival transmitting tags on 15 loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) that had been lightly hooked in the United States pelagic longline fishery and on 10 loggerheads that we dip-netted off the surface to serve as controls in the North Atlantic Ocean. We received data from tags of 10 lightly hooked turtles and 7 control turtles. We used data transmitted by the tags in a known-fate model to estimate annual survival rates and determine if there were differences in survival between the 2 groups. The best model indicates there is no difference in survival between the lightly hooked and control turtles, and the estimated annual survival rate was 0.814 (95% CI = 0.557-0.939). Our results suggest that when all fishing gear is removed lightly hooked turtles may not suffer any additional mortality relative to control turtles. C1 SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Sasso, CR (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM chris.sasso@noaa.gov NR 26 TC 26 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 71 IS 6 BP 1830 EP 1835 DI 10.2193/2006-448 PG 6 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 198VK UT WOS:000248655400012 ER PT J AU Brooks, RA Nizinski, MS Ross, SW Sulak, KJ AF Brooks, R. Allen Nizinski, Martha S. Ross, Steve W. Sulak, Kenneth J. TI Frequency of sublethal injury in a deepwater ophiuroid, Ophiacantha bidentata, an important component of western Atlantic Lophelia reef communities SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ARM REGENERATION; BRITTLE-STARS; MICROPHIOPHOLIS-GRACILLIMA; ASTROBRACHION-CONSTRICTUM; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; ROCKALL TROUGH; FIELD SURVEY; CORAL-REEFS; TISSUE LOSS; ECHINODERMATA AB The occurrence and relative abundance of tissue (arm) regeneration in the ophiuroid, Ophiacantha bidentata (Retzius), was examined in individuals collected primarily among colonies of the deep-water coral Lophelia pertusa off the southeastern United States. Seven deep-water coral sites (384-756 m), located between Cape Lookout, NC, and Cape Canaveral, FL, were sampled in June 2004 using a manned submersible. The presence of regenerative tissue was evaluated by visual inspection of each individual ophiuroid, and the proportion of regenerating arms per individual was examined relative to size of individual, geographic location, and depth of collection. Ophiacantha bidentata, the dominant brittle star collected, commonly displayed signs of sublethal injury with over 60% of individuals displaying some evidence of regeneration. These levels of regeneration rival those reported for shallow-water ophiuroids. Larger individuals (> 6.5 mm disc size) had a higher incidence of regeneration than smaller individuals. Size of individual and percent of regeneration were negatively correlated with depth. Although O. bidentata was significantly less abundant in southern versus northern sites, ophiuroid abundance did not appear to be influenced by amount or density of coral substratum. Presence of dense aggregations of O. bidentata indicates that they are an important component of the invertebrate assemblage associated with deep-water coral habitat especially in the northern part of the study area. Assuming that observed frequencies of injury and subsequent regeneration represent predation events then dense ophiuroid aggregations in deep-water coral habitats represent an important renewable trophic resource within these communities. C1 NOAA NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC 20013 USA. US Geol Survey, Florida Integrated Sci Ctr, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. US Geol Survey, Ctr Coastal & Watershed Studies, St Petersburg, FL USA. RP Nizinski, MS (reprint author), NOAA NMFS, Natl Systemat Lab, Smithsonian Inst, POB 37012 MRC 153, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM nizinski@si.edu NR 43 TC 9 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 152 IS 2 BP 307 EP 314 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0690-4 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 192GR UT WOS:000248189300009 ER PT J AU Hegaret, H Wikfors, GH Soudant, P Lambert, C Shumway, SE Berard, JB Lassus, P AF Hegaret, Helene Wikfors, Gary H. Soudant, Philippe Lambert, Christophe Shumway, Sandra E. Berard, Jean Baptiste Lassus, Patrick TI Toxic dinoflagellates (Alexandrium fundyense and A-catenella) have minimal apparent effects on oyster hemocytes SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; SCALLOP PECTEN-MAXIMUS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; EASTERN OYSTERS; BIVALVE MOLLUSKS; PROTOGONYAULAX-TAMARENSIS; PROROCENTRUM-MINIMUM; GIGAS; PACIFIC; BEHAVIOR AB The possible effect of Alexandrium spp. containing paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins on the hemocytes of oysters was tested experimentally. In one trial, eastern oysters, Crassostrea virginica Gmelin, were exposed to bloom concentrations of the sympatric dinoflagellate, Alexandrium fundyense Balech, alone and in a mixture with a non-toxic diatom, Thalassiosira weissflogii (Grun) Fryxell et Hasle. Subsequently, another experiment exposed Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas Thunberg, to a mixed suspension of the sympatric, toxic species Alexandrium catenella (Whedon et Kofoid) Balech, with T. weissflogii. Measurements of numbers of oyster hemocytes, percentages of different cell types, and functions (phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and mortality) were made using flow-cytometry. During and after exposure, almost no significant effects of Alexandrium spp. upon hemocyte numbers, morphology, or functions were detected, despite observations of adductor-muscle paralysis in C. virginica and measured toxin accumulation in C. gigas. The only significant correlation found was between toxin accumulation at one temperature and higher numbers of circulating live and dead hemocytes in C. gigas. The PSP toxins are known to interfere specifically with sodium-channel function; therefore, the finding that the toxins had no effect on measured hemocyte functions suggests that sodium-channel physiology is not important in these hemocyte functions. Finally, because oysters were exposed to the living algae, not purified toxins, there was no evidence of bioactive compounds other than PSP toxins affecting hemocytes in the two species of Alexandrium studied. C1 NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. Univ Connecticut, Marine Sci Dept, Groton, CT 06340 USA. IUEM UBO, LEMAR, UMR 6539, Plouzane, France. IFREMER, F-44311 Nantes, France. RP Wikfors, GH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM Gary.Wikfors@noaa.gov RI Hegaret, Helene/B-7206-2008; OI Hegaret, Helene/0000-0003-4639-9013; Lambert, Christophe/0000-0002-5885-467X; Berard, Jean-Baptiste/0000-0001-7350-8006 NR 36 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 152 IS 2 BP 441 EP 447 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0703-3 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 192GR UT WOS:000248189300021 ER PT J AU Isobe, T Ramu, K Kajiwara, N Takahashi, S Lam, PKS Jefferson, TA Zhou, K Tanabe, S AF Isobe, Tomohiko Ramu, Karri Kajiwara, Natsuko Takahashi, Shin Lam, Paul K. S. Jefferson, Thomas A. Zhou, Kaiya Tanabe, Shinsuke TI Isomer specific determination of hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in small cetaceans from the South China Sea - Levels and temporal variation SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE brominated flame retardants; hexabromocyclododecanes; liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry; finless porpoise; Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin; temporal variation ID BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; SKIPJACK TUNA; POLAR BEARS; ENVIRONMENT; BIOMAGNIFICATION; CYTOCHROME-P450; ORGANOCHLORINES; BIOINDICATOR; GREENLAND AB A diastereoisomer (alpha, beta, and gamma) specific analytical method for measuring hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) was developed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The method developed was applied to analyze blubber of small cetaceans to divulge the distribution and temporal variation of HBCDs in the Asian marine environment. HBCDs were detected in all the blubber samples of finless porpoises (Neophocaena phocaenoides) and Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins (Sousa chinensis) collected from the South China Sea during 1990-2001. Concentrations of HBCDs were higher in humpback dolphins (31-380 ng/g lipid) than in finless porpoises (4.7-55 ng/g lipid), which can be attributed to habitat differences. Average concentrations of alpha-HBCD in finless porpoises increased from 9.5 ng/g lipid in 1990 to 35 ng/g lipid in 2000/01. alpha-HBCD was predominant among the three isomers with some exceptions in finless porpoises collected in 1990. This is the first report on HBCDs contamination in marine mammals from Southeast Asia. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 Ehime Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. Natl Inst Environm Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. City Univ Hong Kong, Ctr Coastal Pollut & Conservat, Dept Biol & Chem, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. Nanjing Normal Univ, Coll Life Sci, Jiangsu Key Lab Bioresource Technol, Nanjing 210097, Peoples R China. RP Tanabe, S (reprint author), Ehime Univ, Ctr Marine Environm Studies, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 7908577, Japan. EM shinsuke@agr.ehime-u.ac.jp RI LAM, Paul/B-9121-2008; Isobe, Tomohiko/G-9576-2012; Tanabe, Shinsuke/G-6950-2013; Isobe, Tomohiko/P-2114-2015 OI LAM, Paul/0000-0002-2134-3710; Isobe, Tomohiko/0000-0001-9235-1227; Isobe, Tomohiko/0000-0001-9235-1227 NR 33 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 28 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1139 EP 1145 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.04.017 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 206CU UT WOS:000249162300017 PM 17568625 ER PT J AU Morishige, C Donohue, MJ Flint, E Swenson, C Woolaway, C AF Morishige, Carey Donohue, Mary J. Flint, Elizabeth Swenson, Christopher Woolaway, Christine TI Factors affecting marine debris deposition at french frigate shoals, Northwestern Hawaiian Islands Marine National Monument, 1990-2006 SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE marine debris; French Frigate Shoals; Northwestern Hawaiian Islands; El Nine; La Nina; seabirds ID PLASTIC DEBRIS; FISHING GEAR; PELAGIC TAR; MONK SEAL; OCEAN; ACCUMULATION; POLLUTION; CORAL AB Data on the amount and type of small debris items deposited on the beaches of the Hawaiian Islands National Wildlife Refuge Tern Island station, French Frigate Shoals were collected over 16 years. We calculated deposition rates and investigated the relationship among deposition and year, season, El Nino and La Nina events from 1990 to 2006. In total 52,442 debris items were collected with plastic comprising 71% of all items collected. Annual debris deposition varied significantly (range 1116-5195 items) but was not influenced by season. Debris deposition was significantly greater during El Nino events as compared to La Nina events. Although often deduced to influence floating marine pollution, this study provides the first quantitative evidence of the influence of El Nino/La Nina cycles on marine debris deposition. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Marine Debris Program, IM Syst Grp, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. Univ Hawaii, Sea Grant Coll Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Honolulu, HI 96850 USA. Chris Woolaway & Associates, LLC, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. RP Morishige, C (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Debris Program, IM Syst Grp, HI Humpback Whale NMS,6600 Kalanianaole Highway,, Honolulu, HI 96825 USA. EM carey.morishige@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 4 U2 24 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1162 EP 1169 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.04.014 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 206CU UT WOS:000249162300019 PM 17572447 ER PT J AU Pichel, WG Churnside, JH Veenstra, TS Foley, DG Friedman, KS Brainard, RE Nicoll, JB Zheng, Q Clemente-Colon, P AF Pichel, William G. Churnside, James H. Veenstra, Timothy S. Foley, David G. Friedman, Karen S. Brainard, Russell E. Nicoll, Jeremy B. Zheng, Quanan Clemente-Colon, Pablo TI Marine debris collects within the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE marine debris; derelict fishing gear; North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone ID CHLOROPHYLL FRONT; HAWAII AB Floating marine debris, particularly derelict fishing gear, is a hazard to fish, marine mammals, turtles, sea birds, coral reefs, and even human activities. To ameliorate the economic and environmental impact of marine debris, we need to efficiently locate and retrieve dangerous debris at sea. Guided by satellite-derived information, we made four flights north of Hawaii in March and April 2005. During these aerial surveys, we observed over 1800 individual pieces of debris, including 122 derelict fishing nets. The largest debris concentrations were found just north of the North Pacific Transition Zone Chlorophyll Front (TZCF) within the North Pacific Subtropical Convergence Zone (STCZ). Debris densities were significantly correlated with sea-surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla), and the gradient of Chla. A Debris Estimated Likelihood Index (DELI) was developed to predict where high concentrations of debris would be most likely in the North Pacific during spring and early summer. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Airborne Technol Inc, Wasilla, AK 99654 USA. Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, SW Fisheries Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Alaska Satellite Facil, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Churnside, JH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Rm 102 WWB,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM james.h.churnside@noaa.gov RI Zheng, Quanan/F-9025-2010; Clemente-Colon, Pablo/F-5581-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Churnside, James/H-4873-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; NR 11 TC 70 Z9 76 U1 3 U2 44 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 54 IS 8 BP 1207 EP 1211 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.04.010 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 206CU UT WOS:000249162300024 PM 17568624 ER PT J AU Vicenzi, EP Fries, M Fahey, A Rost, D Greenwood, JP Steele, A AF Vicenzi, E. P. Fries, M. Fahey, A. Rost, D. Greenwood, J. P. Steele, A. TI Evidence for young jarosite precipitation on mars SO METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 70th Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical-Society CY AUG 13-17, 2007 CL Tucson, AZ SP Meteorit Soc, Univ Arizona Lunar & Planetary Lab, Univ Arizona Dept Geosci, Univ Arizona Coll Sci, Life & Planets Astrobiol Ctr, NSF Arizona AMS Lab, SW Meteorite Ctr, Steward Observ, Lunar & Planetary Inst, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, Planetary Sci Inst, Barringer Crater Co, Lockheed Martin, Cameca, New Wave, Planetary Studies Fdn, Thermo Finnigan, Univ Arizona Press, Tucson Visitors & Convent Bur, Univ Arizona Dept Phys ID MERIDIANI-PLANUM; SPECTROMETER C1 Smithsonian Inst, Dept Mineral Sci, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Carnegie Inst Washington, Washington, DC 20005 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Wesleyan Univ, Middletown, CT USA. Univ Manchester, Manchester, Lancs, England. EM vicenzie@si.edu RI Fahey, Albert/C-5611-2015 NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU METEORITICAL SOC PI FAYETTEVILLE PA DEPT CHEMISTRY/BIOCHEMISTRY, UNIV ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, AR 72701 USA SN 1086-9379 J9 METEORIT PLANET SCI JI Meteorit. Planet. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 42 SU S BP A157 EP A157 PG 1 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 200HZ UT WOS:000248755800296 ER PT J AU Zhang, X Li, T Weng, F Wu, CC Xu, L AF Zhang, X. Li, T. Weng, F. Wu, C.-C. Xu, L. TI Reanalysis of western Pacific typhoons in 2004 with multi-satellite observations SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; SATELLITE-DERIVED WINDS; HURRICANE FLORENCE 1988; Z-R RELATIONSHIP; TROPICAL CYCLONE; MESOSCALE MODEL; DIGITAL-FILTER; CONVECTIVE PARAMETERIZATION; RAINFALL ASSIMILATION; PRECIPITABLE WATER AB A pilot tropical cyclone reanalysis project was conducted to construct a reliable, high temporal and spatial resolution tropical cyclone dataset for selected western Pacific typhoons in summer 2004, with the application of the latest satellite observations and a 4-dimensional variational data assimilation method. Primary data used for the reanalysis \include SSM/I rain rate, GOES-retrieved upper-level wind, QuikSCAT surface wind, Aqua AIRS/AMSU retrieved temperature and moisture profiles, and JTWC best track data. A regular reanalysis procedure was established and up to 12 western Pacific typhoons have been reanalyzed. The reanalysis period covers the entire life cycle of a tropical cyclone, from a few days prior to its genesis to its final decay stage. A preliminary analysis shows that the reanalysis product significantly improves typhoon intensity, structure, and track, compared to the NCEP operational final analysis. The validation of the TC structure against independent observations shows that the reanalysis reproduces well the asymmetric characteristics of TC rain bands and cloud bands. A further modeling experiment with an initial condition from the reanalysis product reveals a significant improvement in typhoon intensity forecast compared to a parallel experiment with an initial condition from the NCEP final analysis, which provides a further indication of quality of the tropical cyclone reanalysis. The reanalysis product and the raw observational data will soon be posted on the data server of the IPRC Asia-Pacific Data-Research Center ( http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/) for public use. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Sensor Phys Branch, Camp Springs, MD USA. Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP Zhang, X (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, IPRC, 1680 E W Rd,POST Bldg 401, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM zhangxin@hawaii.edu RI Zhang, Xin/L-7141-2015; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010; OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179; Wu, Chun-Chieh/0000-0002-3612-4537 NR 67 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 3 EP 18 DI 10.1007/s00703-006-0240-5 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201DJ UT WOS:000248811400002 ER PT J AU DeMaria, M Knaff, JA Sampson, C AF DeMaria, M. Knaff, J. A. Sampson, C. TI Evaluation of long-term trends in tropical cyclone intensity forecasts SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SCHEME; TRACK FORECASTS; ATLANTIC BASIN; IMPROVEMENTS; PACIFIC AB The National Hurricane Center and Joint Typhoon Warning Center operational tropical cyclone intensity forecasts for the three major northern hemisphere tropical cyclone basins (Atlantic, eastern North Pacific, and western North Pacific) for the past two decades are examined for long-term trends. Results show that there has been some marginal improvement in the mean absolute error at 24 and 48 h for the Atlantic and at 72 h for the east and west Pacific. A new metric that measures the percent variance of the observed intensity changes that is reduced by the forecast (variance reduction, VR) is defined to help account for inter-annual variability in forecast difficulty. Results show that there have been significant improvements in the VR of the official forecasts in the Atlantic, and some marginal improvement in the other two basins. The VR of the intensity guidance models was also examined. The improvement in the VR is due to the implementation of advanced statistical intensity prediction models and the operational version of the GFDL hurricane model in the mid-1990s. The skill of the operational intensity forecasts for the 5-year period ending in 2005 was determined by comparing the errors to those from simple statistical models with input from climatology and persistence. The intensity forecasts had significant skill out to 96h in the Atlantic and out to 72h in the east and west Pacific. The intensity forecasts are also compared to the operational track forecasts. The skill was comparable at 12h, but the track forecasts were 2 to 5 times more skillful by 72h. The track and intensity forecast error trends for the two-decade period were also compared. Results showed that the percentage track forecast improvement was almost an order of magnitude larger than that for intensity, indicating that intensity forecasting still has much room for improvement. C1 NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, CIRA,CSU, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. RP DeMaria, M (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, CIRA,CSU, W Laporte Ave, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM mark.demaria@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; NR 20 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 19 EP 28 DI 10.1007/s00703-006-0241-4 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201DJ UT WOS:000248811400003 ER PT J AU Moyer, AC Evans, JL Powell, M AF Moyer, A. C. Evans, J. L. Powell, M. TI Comparison of observed gale radius statistics SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC TROPICAL CYCLONES; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE; TYPHOON STRUCTURE; VARIABILITY; CLIMATOLOGY AB Forecasts of tropical cyclone track and intensity have long been used to characterize the evolution and expected threat from a tropical storm. However, in recent years, recognition of the contributions of subtropical cyclogenesis to tropical storm formation and the process of extratropical transition to latter stages of the once-tropical storm's lifecycle have raised awareness about the importance of storm structure. Indeed, the structure of a cyclone determines the distribution and intensity of the significant weather associated with that storm. In this study, storm structure is characterized in terms of significant wind radii. The radii of tropical storm, damaging, and hurricane-force winds, as well as the radius of maximum winds are all analyzed. These wind radii are objectively derived from the H* Wind surface wind analysis system. Initially, six years of these data are examined for consistency with previous studies. Having ascertained that the H* Wind radii are realistic, detailed comparisons are performed between the H* Wind and NHC Best Track wind radii for two years (2004 and 2005) of North Atlantic tropical storm and hurricane cases. This intercomparison reveals an unexpected bias: the H* Wind radii are consistently larger than the NHC Best Track for all but the smallest and least intense storms. Further examination of the objectively-determined H* Wind tropical storm force wind radius data compared to subjectively-determined radii for the same storm times demonstrates that the objective wind radii are underestimating the extent of the tropical storm force wind area. Since the objective H* Wind radii are large compared to the NHC Best Track - and yet underestimate the area of tropical storm force winds - this argues for further examination of the methods used to ascertain these significant wind radii. C1 Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Moyer, AC (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM acm165@psu.edu RI Powell, Mark/I-4963-2013 OI Powell, Mark/0000-0002-4890-8945 NR 17 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 41 EP 55 DI 10.1007/s00703-006-0243-2 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201DJ UT WOS:000248811400005 ER PT J AU Leslie, LM Karoly, DJ Leplastrier, M Buckley, BW AF Leslie, L. M. Karoly, D. J. Leplastrier, M. Buckley, B. W. TI Variability of tropical cyclones over the southwest Pacific Ocean using a high-resolution climate model SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; HURRICANE INTENSITY; FREQUENCY; IMPACT AB Knowledge of the variability in tropical cyclone (TC) frequency and distribution is essential in determining the possible impact of natural or human-induced climate change. This variability can be investigated using the available TC data bases and by carrying out long-term climate model simulations for both past and future climates. A coupled ocean-atmosphere climate model (referred to here as the OU-CGCM) is described and applied with a higher resolution (50km) nested domain in the southwest Pacific region. Six-member ensembles of simulations with the OU-CGCM have been run for 80 years, from 1970 to 2050. During the period 1970-2000, the OU-CGCM runs were compared with the observed TC data base. For the period 2000-2050, two ensembles of simulations were performed, one with constant greenhouse gas concentrations and the second with increasing greenhouse gases. The OU-CGCM simulated well the observed TC frequency and distribution in the southwest Pacific during the period 1970-2000. It also produced clear interannual and interdecadal TC variability in both the fixed and enhanced greenhouse gas simulations during the period 2000-2050. The variability in TC frequencies was associated with the typical atmospheric and SST anomaly patterns that occur in periods of quiet and active TC frequencies. The main findings from the enhanced greenhouse gas scenario for the period 2000-2050 are: no change in the mean decadal number of TCs relative to the control run, but a marked increase of about 15% in the mean decadal number of TCs in the most severe WMO categories 4 and 5; the likelihood of TCs during the next 50-year period that are more intense than ever previously experienced in the Australian region; a poleward extension of TC tracks; and a poleward shift of over 2 degrees of latitude in the TC genesis region. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. Insurance Australia Grp, Sydney, NSW, Australia. Bur Meteorol, Perth, WA, Australia. RP Leslie, LM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM highlmleslie@ou.edu RI Karoly, David/C-8262-2011 OI Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994 NR 19 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 171 EP 180 DI 10.1007/s00703-006-0250-3 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201DJ UT WOS:000248811400012 ER PT J AU Verbout, SM Schultz, DM Leslie, LM Brooks, HE Karoly, DJ Elmore, KL AF Verbout, S. M. Schultz, D. M. Leslie, L. M. Brooks, H. E. Karoly, D. J. Elmore, K. L. TI Tornado outbreaks associated with landfalling hurricanes in the North Atlantic Basin: 1954-2004 SO METEOROLOGY AND ATMOSPHERIC PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; UNITED-STATES; EL-NINO; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; SPAWNED TORNADOES; ENVIRONMENTS; CLIMATOLOGY; MEXICO; SHEAR; FIELD AB Tornadoes are a notable potential hazard associated with landfalling hurricanes. The purpose of this paper is to discriminate hurricanes that produce numerous tornadoes (tornado outbreaks) from those that do not (nonoutbreaks). The data consists of all hurricane landfalls that affected the United States from the North Atlantic basin from 1954 to 2004 and the United States tornado record over the same period. Because of the more than twofold increase in the number of reported tornadoes over these 51 years, a simple least-squares linear regression ("the expected number of tornadoes") was fit to the annual number of tornado reports to represent a baseline for comparison. The hurricanes were sorted into three categories. The first category, outbreak hurricanes, was determined by hurricanes associated with the number of tornado reports exceeding a threshold of 1.5% of the annual expected number of tornadoes and at least 8 F1 and greater tornadoes during the time of landfall (from outer rainbands reaching shore to dissipation of the system). Eighteen hurricane landfalls were classified as outbreak hurricanes. Second, 37 hurricanes having less than 0.5% of the annual expected number of tornadoes were classified as nonoutbreak landfalls. Finally, 28 hurricanes that were neither outbreak nor nonoutbreak hurricanes were classified as midclass hurricane landfalls. Stronger hurricanes are more likely to produce tornado outbreaks than weaker hurricanes. While 78% of outbreak hurricanes were category 2 or greater at landfall, only 32% of nonoutbreak hurricanes were category 2 or greater at landfall. Hurricanes that made landfall along the southern coast of the United States and recurved northeastward were more likely to produce tornadoes than those that made landfall along the east coast or those that made landfall along the southern coast but did not recurve. Recurvature was associated with a 500-hPa trough in the jet stream, which also contributed to increased deep-layer shear through the hurricane, favoring mesocyclogenesis, and increased the low-level shear, favoring tornadogenesis. The origin of the hurricane, date of landfall, and El Nino- Southern Oscillation phase do not appear to be factors in outbreak hurricane creation. The results of this study help clarify inconsistencies in the previous literature regarding tornado occurrences in landfalling hurricanes. C1 Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Verbout, SM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Natl Weather Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM stephanieverbout@hotmail.com RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010; Karoly, David/C-8262-2011 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975; Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994 NR 55 TC 13 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7971 J9 METEOROL ATMOS PHYS JI Meteorol. Atmos. Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 97 IS 1-4 BP 255 EP 271 DI 10.1007/s00703-006-0256-x PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 201DJ UT WOS:000248811400018 ER PT J AU Colle, R AF Colle, R. TI Classical radionuclidic calorimetry SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID RADIOMETRIC CALORIMETRY; BRACHYTHERAPY SOURCES; RADIUM; CALIBRATION; DETECTORS; STANDARDS; METROLOGY; ENERGY; RAYS AB This brief survey summarizes the principles and practice of classical isothermal microcalorimetry for the primary standardization of the activity of radionuclides. Its advantages and some potential problems are highlighted through the discussion of several standardization examples. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Colle, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 68 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 SI SI BP S118 EP S126 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/44/4/S15 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 207UZ UT WOS:000249277900016 ER PT J AU Jerome, SM Eccles, JL Inn, KGW AF Jerome, Simon M. Eccles, Julie L. Inn, Kenneth G. W. TI General concepts for traceability in environmental radioactivity monitoring SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB Measurement traceability is an important component for the realization of the becquerel. For radioanalytical measurements, the definition of measurement traceability must include sub-sample processing operations prior to instrument measurement. The most effective demonstration that measurement traceability and the SI becquerel have been realized is participation in suitable proficiency testing using appropriate traceable reference materials, an embedded system of analytical quality control and audit regimes covering all aspects of laboratory operation. Guidance documents are available for a number of measurement fields such as environmental and bioassay measurement that recognize the important utility of measurement tractability as part of the supporting metrology infrastructure. Non-radiometric methods, mainly mass spectrometry based, as well as field ( or in situ) measurements are also available for the assay of radioactive species. These are not explicitly treated in this paper but should be consistent with the approaches described here. C1 Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. UKAS, Feltham TW13 6HN, England. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jerome, SM (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 SI SI BP S133 EP S139 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/44/4/S17 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 207UZ UT WOS:000249277900018 ER PT J AU Karam, LR AF Karam, Lisa R. TI Application of the CIPM MRA to radionuclide metrology SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article AB The adoption of the Mutual Recognition Arrangement by the CIPM in 1999 had an almost immediate affect on the approach national measurement laboratories took in the measurement of radioactivity and how their abilities in radionuclide metrology were relayed to customers and stakeholders. In order to meet the need presented by the CIPM MRA for validated claims to calibration and measurement capabilities, radionuclide measurement laboratories have taken an accelerated track to international comparisons and expanding quality systems, leading to a more rigorous approach to radionuclide metrology. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Karam, LR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Phys Lab, 100 Bureau Dr,MS 8460, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lisa.karam@nist.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 SI SI BP S1 EP S6 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/44/4/S01 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 207UZ UT WOS:000249277900002 ER PT J AU Unterweger, MP AF Unterweger, M. P. TI Primary radioactive gas standards (excluding radon) SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID SENSITIVE PROPORTIONAL COUNTER; H-3 LABELED GAS; TRITIATED-WATER; KR-85 AB This paper presents an overview of the primary calibration of radioactive gas standards using length-compensated internal gas counters. The principle of length compensation and the effects of high voltage, detector material and gas pressure are discussed. Some examples of primary calibrations are given. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radioact Grp, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Unterweger, MP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Radioact Grp, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 SI SI BP S79 EP S81 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/44/4/S10 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 207UZ UT WOS:000249277900011 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Judge, S AF Zimmerman, Brian E. Judge, Steven TI Traceability in nuclear medicine SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID STANDARD RADIONUCLIDE CALIBRATOR; RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY; INTERCOMPARISONS; LYMPHOMA; THERAPY; PROGRAM AB Accurate, reproducible measurement of radioactivity in nuclear medicine applications is vital to ensure the safety and effectiveness of disease diagnosis and treatment using unsealed radioactive sources. The need to maintain a high degree of confidence in those measurements requires that they be carried out so as to be traceable to national and international standards. In addition, measurement traceability for radioactivity in medicine helps ensure international consistency in measurement at all levels of practice ( national measurement laboratories, research institutions, isotope producers, radiopharmaceutical manufacturers and clinics). This paper explores the importance of radioactivity measurement in nuclear medicine and demonstrates how traceability can be extended from international standards to the quantity of the drug administered to the patient. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 40 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD AUG PY 2007 VL 44 IS 4 SI SI BP S127 EP S132 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/44/4/S16 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 207UZ UT WOS:000249277900017 ER PT J AU Cui, QF Liu, CL Zha, XF AF Cui, Qifeng Liu, Chengliang Zha, Xuan F. TI Study on a piezoelectric micropump for the controlled drug delivery system SO MICROFLUIDICS AND NANOFLUIDICS LA English DT Article DE drug delivery system; valveless micropump; simulation; piezoelectric actuator; optimization ID VALVELESS MICROPUMPS; DIFFUSER ELEMENTS; DESIGN; SIMULATION; PUMPS; FLOW AB We present the design of a new controlled drug delivery system potential for in vitro injection of diabetics. The system incorporates some integrated circuit units and microelectromechanical system devices, such as micropump, microneedle array and microsensor. Its goal is to achieve safer and more effective drug delivery. Moreover, a valveless micropump excited by the piezoelectric actuator is designed for the drug delivery system, and a simple fabrication process is proposed. A dynamic model is developed for the valveless micropump based upon the mass conservation. To characterize the micropump, a complete electro-solid-fluid coupling model, including the diffuser/nozzle element and the piezoelectric actuator, is built using the ANSYS software. The simulation results show that the performance of micropump is in direct proportion to the stroke volume of the pump membrane and there is an optimal thickness of the piezoelectric membrane under the 500 V/mm electric field. Based on this simulation model, the effects of several important parameters such as excitation voltage, excitation frequency, pump membrane dimension, piezoelectric membrane dimension and mechanical properties on the characteristics of valveless micropump have been investigated. C1 Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cui, QF (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Dongchuan Rd 800, Shanghai 200240, Peoples R China. EM qfcui@sjtu.edu.cn; xfzha@ieee.org NR 26 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 3 U2 34 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1613-4982 J9 MICROFLUID NANOFLUID JI Microfluid. Nanofluid. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 3 IS 4 BP 377 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s10404-006-0137-0 PG 14 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 184QC UT WOS:000247655800001 ER PT J AU Liao, WL Turko, I AF Liao, W. -L. Turko, I. TI Separation of stable isotope-labeled unfolded proteins before MALDI MS analysis enables quantification of a wide range of serum proteins SO MOLECULAR & CELLULAR PROTEOMICS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Liao, W. -L.; Turko, I.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Biotechnol Inst, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC BIOCHEMISTRY MOLECULAR BIOLOGY INC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3996 USA SN 1535-9476 J9 MOL CELL PROTEOMICS JI Mol. Cell. Proteomics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 6 IS 8 SU S MA B.12 BP 43 EP 43 PG 1 WC Biochemical Research Methods SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 264OX UT WOS:000253299000062 ER PT J AU Hyde, JR Vetter, RD AF Hyde, John R. Vetter, Russell D. TI The origin, evolution, and diversification of rockfishes of the genus Sebastes (Cuvier) SO MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION LA English DT Review DE Sebastes; rockfish; Sebastinae; Scorpaenidae; evolution; speciation; phylogeny ID MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME-B; ANCIENT SPECIES FLOCKS; GENETIC-STRUCTURE; MOLECULAR EVOLUTION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; NORTH PACIFIC; MARINE FISHES; SUBGENUS SEBASTOMUS; YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; SOUTHERN-CALIFORNIA AB The evolutionary relationships of the livebearing rockfishes of the genus Sebastes have been a point of interest since their original description. With over 65 species found in the northeast Pacific (NEP), 27 in the northwest Pacific (NWP), seven in the Gulf of California (GC), four in the north Atlantic (NA) and at least two in the southern hemisphere (SH), they represent a fascinating lineage for studies of spatial and temporal patterns of dispersal, vicariance and speciation in the marine environment. Previous studies of Sebastes species have attempted to reconstruct their phylogeny using allozyme patterns or portions of a single mitochondrial gene while incompletely sampling the genus, resulting in a partial picture with low statistical support. In this study, genetic analyses using sequence data (5581 characters) from seven mitochondrial genes (cytochrome b, cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1, 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, tRNA proline, IRNA threonine and the control region) and two nuclear genes (recombination activating gene 2 and internal transcribed spacer 1), along with a near complete sampling of species, have produced a well supported phylogenetic hypothesis of the relationships between Sebastes species as well as clarifying their position within the scorpaenid subfamily, Sebastinae. Though studies of similar magnitude have been conducted at the family and subfamily level, this represents the most detailed and extensive examination of biogeography and marine speciation within a single, widely distributed marine fish genus. Both Bayesian posterior and maximum parsimony analyses produced highly similar phylogenies suggesting an origin for Sebastes at high-latitudes in the NWP. The majority of previously proposed sub-generic groupings based upon morphology are found to be either para- or polyphletic. Using Bayesian-derived genetic distance measures together with rate smoothing techniques, a molecular clock was applied to the phylogeny. The clock-calibrated data suggest that Sebastes originated in the middle Miocene, concordant with fossil data, and began substantial diversification and dispersal in synchrony with high-latitude cooling and establishment of productive upwelling systems across the north Pacific (NP) in the late Miocene. Contrary to contemporary taxonomic criteria that often group Asian and North American species based on common morphology, the molecular phylogenies tend to indicate geographically circumscribed lineages with no evidence for repeated long distance dispersal between disjunct biogeographic provinces (e.g., Asian species nested within a North American lineage). No examples of large-scale glacial vicariance as would be suggested by Asian and North American sibling species were observed. To the contrary, sibling species tended to be in geographic proximity. While occasional long distance dispersal may occur, such as the single colonization of the SH, and thermal barriers presently exist between the NP, NA, GC, and SH taxa, the observable patterns in Sebastes suggest colonization occurs by stepwise invasion of newly available habitat when temperature conditions permit. Colonization events are spread throughout the sub-generic lineages. Vicariant isolation processes may occur on smaller geographic scales perhaps due to local isolating mechanisms such as glacial advance and retreat, sea level change, and ocean currents. Allopatric differences may be enhanced by a tendency for female mate choice and assortative mating in these livebearing species. The ongoing process of thermal advance and retreat is reflected in contemorary patterns of phylogeographic population genetic structure within species and may be enhanced under climate warming. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. NOAAINMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Hyde, JR (reprint author), Scripps Inst Oceanog, 9500 Gilman Dr, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM jrhyde@ucsd.edu NR 133 TC 76 Z9 83 U1 6 U2 57 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1055-7903 J9 MOL PHYLOGENET EVOL JI Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 44 IS 2 BP 790 EP 811 DI 10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.026 PG 22 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 201UX UT WOS:000248859200021 PM 17320419 ER PT J AU Smith, TL Benjamin, SG Gutman, SI Sahm, S AF Smith, Tracy Lorraine Benjamin, Stanley G. Gutman, Seth I. Sahm, Susan TI Short-range forecast impact from assimilation of GPS-IPW observations into the Rapid Update Cycle SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC WATER-VAPOR; GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; PRECIPITABLE WATER; METEOROLOGY; NETWORK; NOAA; DELAY; MODEL; RUC AB Integrated precipitable water ( IPW) estimates derived from time delays in the arrival of global positioning system ( GPS) satellite signals are a relatively recent, high- frequency source of atmospheric moisture information available for real- time data assimilation. Different experimental versions of the Rapid Update Cycle ( RUC) have assimilated these observations to assess GPS- IPW impact on moisture forecasts. In these tests, GPS- IPW data have proven to be a useful real- time source of moisture information, leading to more accurate short- range moisture forecasts when added to other observations. A multiyear experiment with parallel ( one with GPS- IPW processed 24 h after the fact, one without) 3- h cycles using the original 60- km RUC was run from 1999 to 2004 with verification of each cycle against rawinsonde observations. This experiment showed a steady increase in the positive impact in short- range relative humidity ( RH) forecasts due to the GPS- IPW data as the number of observing sites increased from 18 to almost 300 ( as of 2004) across the United States and Canada. Positive impact from GPS- IPW on 850 - 700- hPa RH forecasts was also evident in 6- and 12- h forecasts. The impact of GPS- IPW data was also examined on forecasts from the more recent 20- km RUC, including a 1- h assimilation cycle and improved assimilation and physical parameterizations, now using real- time GPS- IPW retrievals available 30 min after valid time. In a 3- month comparison during the March - May 2004 period, 20- km RUC cycles with and without assimilation of GPS- IPW were compared with IPW for 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12- h forecasts. Using this measure, assimilation of GPS- IPW data led to the strongest improvements in the 3- and 6- h forecasts and smaller but still evident improvements in 9and 12- h forecasts. In a severe convective weather case, inclusion of GPS- IPW data improved forecasts of convective available potential energy, an important predictor of severe storm potential, and relative humidity. Positive impact from GPS- IPW assimilation was found to vary over season, geographical location, and time of day, apparently related to variations in vertical mixing. For example, GPS- IPW has a stronger effect on improving RH forecasts at 850 hPa at nighttime ( than daytime) and in cooler seasons ( than warmer seasons) when surface moisture observations are less representative of conditions aloft. As a result of these studies, assimilation of GPS- IPW was added to the operational RUC run at NOAA/ NCEP in June 2005 and to the operational North American Mesoscale model ( also at NCEP) in June 2006 to improve their accuracy for short- range moisture forecasts. C1 NOAA, ESRL, GSD, R GSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Smith, TL (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, GSD, R GSD1, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tracy.l.smith@noaa.gov RI Smith, Tracy/C-7619-2015; Benjamin, Stan/C-5818-2015 OI Smith, Tracy/0000-0002-7189-4027; Benjamin, Stan/0000-0002-5751-8236 NR 38 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 135 IS 8 BP 2914 EP 2930 DI 10.1175/MWR3436.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 199WV UT WOS:000248726800007 ER PT J AU Ye, J AF Ye, Jun TI Optical metrology - Everything under control SO NATURE PHOTONICS LA English DT News Item ID BROAD-BAND; FREQUENCY; SPECTROSCOPY; DYNAMICS; COMB C1 Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ye@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1749-4885 J9 NAT PHOTONICS JI Nat. Photonics PD AUG PY 2007 VL 1 IS 8 BP 447 EP 448 DI 10.1038/nphoton.2007.130 PG 3 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA 202MK UT WOS:000248905600010 ER PT J AU Brown, RS Tatara, CP Stephenson, JR Berejikian, BA AF Brown, Richard S. Tatara, Christopher P. Stephenson, John R. Berejikian, Barry A. TI Evaluation of a new coded electromyogram transmitter for studying swimming behavior and energetics in fish SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID MUSCLE-ACTIVITY; CHINOOK SALMON; TELEMETRY; RIVER; TROUT; LEVEL; FLOW AB A new coded electromyogram (CEMG) transmitter was recently introduced to the market to allow broader application and greater flexibility of configurations than the conventional noncoded version. CEMG tansmitters were implanted into 20 steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss and calibrated to swimming speed in a respirometer to determine the relationship between swimming speed and the Output of the transmitters and also to determine how the output of a single transmitter varied when implanted in multiple fish. Linear regression models showed a strong positive relationship between the output from CEMG transmitters and swimming speed. However, grouping signals from multiple transmitters produced a less accurate relationship between CEMG output and swimming speed than using signals from individual transmitters. The results, therefore, do not suggest that the CEMG transmitters acted similarly in all fish. Calibration data from one transmitter were not readily transferable among multiple fish implanted with the same transmitter, suggesting that the same transmitter implanted in multiple fish also performed dissimilarly. These results indicate that experimental designs that require more precise estimates of muscular activity should use individual fish-CEMG transmitter calibrations. Variation in fish length, fish weight, location of transmitter implantation (distance from snout), and distance between the electrode tips did not account for the variation in models. The smaller size of the new CEMG transmitters will allow them to be used in a larger range of fish species and sizes. The fact that the transmitter has a coded transmission reduces the likelihood of interfere ice from outside signals and allows multiple fish to be continuously logged on a single receiver. This could lead to reduced project costs because fewer receivers may be needed. However, one downfall of this new transmitter is that it has a smaller range of output, which may lead to lower accuracy in estimating swimming speeds. C1 Battelle Mem Inst, Ecol Grp, Richland, WA 99354 USA. NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Brown, RS (reprint author), Battelle Mem Inst, Ecol Grp, POB 999,Mail Stop K6-85, Richland, WA 99354 USA. EM rich.brown@pnl.gov NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 765 EP 772 DI 10.1577/M06-149.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 206BM UT WOS:000249158900004 ER PT J AU Newell, JC Fresh, KL Quinn, TP AF Newell, J. C. Fresh, K. L. Quinn, T. P. TI Arrival patterns and movements of adult sockeye salmon in lake washington: Implications for management of an urban fishery SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; FRESH-WATER; MIGRATION; RIVER; POPULATIONS; ALASKA; RETURN AB The Lake Washington watershed in Washington State has several discreet breeding populations of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka that return over the course of several months and remain in the lake for up to 6 months before spawning. Depending on the arrival timing and distribution of sockeye salmon in the lake, in-lake fisheries might disproportionately exploit one population or another and might select individuals from within populations having traits that covary with arrival timing (e.g., age, size, and sex). We applied disk tags to adult sockeye salmon as they entered the lake in 2003 and 2004 and tracked individual fish with ultrasonic transmitters. Recovery rates of disk-tagged fish declined over the course of both seasons and were lower in 2004 than in 2003, suggesting that prespawning mortality was occurring because of high water temperatures. Arrival timing did not vary consistently between populations and was at most weakly correlated with life history traits (older fish tended to arrive earlier). Ultrasonic transmitters revealed that individual sockeye salmon were distributed throughout the lake in the early summer but gradually congregated near the mouth of their natal stream in the fall. Fisheries are therefore likely to exploit the populations in proportion to their overall abundance without selecting strongly for spawning date or life history traits, tending to minimize evolutionary effects within populations. However, the expansion of a hatchery on the river with the largest population has been proposed; if fisheries increase to take advantage of the enhanced population, they may have a disproportionate effect on the smaller wild populations in other tributaries. C1 Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Quinn, TP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM tquinn@u.washington.edu NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 27 IS 3 BP 908 EP 917 DI 10.1577/M06-058.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 206BM UT WOS:000249158900020 ER PT J AU Rau, C Crecea, V Liu, W Richter, CP Peterson, KM Jemian, PR Neuhusler, U Schneider, G Yu, X Braun, PV Chiang, TC Robinson, IK AF Rau, C. Crecea, V. Liu, W. Richter, C.-P. Peterson, K. M. Jemian, P. R. Neuhaeusler, U. Schneider, G. Yu, X. Braun, P. V. Chiang, T.-C. Robinson, I. K. TI Synchrotron-based imaging and tomography with hard X-rays SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 19th International Conference on Application of Accelerators in Research and Industry CY AUG 20-25, 2006 CL Ft Worth, TX SP Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Los Alamos Natl Lab, Natl Canc Inst, Oak Ridge Associated Univ, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Sandia Natl Lab, Univ N Texas, AccSys Technol Inc, Comecer SRL, Natl Electrostat Corp, Synergy Vacuum DE in-line phase contrast; hard x-ray microscopy; cone-beam imaging; tomography; synchrotron radiation AB Hard X-ray imaging with synchrotron radiation is a powerful tool to study opaque materials on the micro- and nano-lengthscales. Different imaging methods are available with an instrument recently built at Sector 34 of the Advanced Photon Source. In-line phase contrast imaging is performed with micrometer resolution. Increased spatial resolution is achieved using cone-beam geometry. The almost parallel beam is focused with a Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror system. The focal spot serves as a diverging secondary source. An X-ray magnified image of the sample is projected on the detector. For imaging and tomography with sub-100 nm resolution, an X-ray full-field microscope has been built. It uses a Kirkpatrick-Baez mirror (KB) as a condenser optic, followed by a micro-Fresnel zone plate (FZP) as an objective lens. The zone plates presently provide 50-85 nm spatial resolution when operating the microscope with photon energy between 6 and 12 keV. Tomography experiments have been performed with this new device. (c) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Univ Illinois, Frederick Seitz Mat Res, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Illinois, Dept Phys, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Northwestern Univ, Feinberg Sch Med, Dept Otolaryngol Head & Neck Surg, Chicago, IL 60611 USA. Univ Bielefeld, Fak Phys, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany. BESSY, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. UCL, Dept Phys & Astron, London WC1E 6BT, England. RP Rau, C (reprint author), Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot OX 11 0DE, Oxon, England. EM christoph.rau@diamond.ac.uk RI Chiang, Tai/H-5528-2011 NR 13 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X EI 1872-9584 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD AUG PY 2007 VL 261 IS 1-2 BP 850 EP 854 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.03.053 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 200SW UT WOS:000248784100203 ER PT J AU Kiedron, P Beauharnois, M Berndt, J Disterhoft, P Harrison, L Michalsky, J Scott, G Schlemmer, J Slusser, J AF Kiedron, Peter Beauharnois, Mark Berndt, Jerry Disterhoft, Patrick Harrison, Lee Michalsky, Joseph Scott, Gwen Schlemmer, Jim Slusser, James TI Calibration, data processing, and maintenance of the United States Department of Agriculture high-resolution ultraviolet spectroradiometers SO OPTICAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Ultraviolet Ground- and Space-Based Measurements, Models and Effects V CY JUL, 2005 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE atmospheric radiation; ultraviolet; spectral radiometry; spectroradiometer; ozone; aerosols; optical depth; calibration ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; COLUMN OZONE; RADIOMETERS; RETRIEVAL; RSS AB The USDA ultraviolet radiation network currently includes four high-resolution spectroradiometers, located at Table Mountain, Colorado (deployed November 1998); the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate Research Facility in Oklahoma (October 1999 ); Beltsville, Maryland (November 1999); and Fort Collins, Colorado (October 2002). These spectroradiometers contain Jobin Yvon's 1-m Czerny-Turner double additive spectrometers. The instruments measure total horizontal radiation in the 290- to 371-nm range, once every 30 min, with a nominal FWHM of 0.1 nm. We describe data quality control techniques as well as the data processing required to convert the raw data into calibrated irradiances. The radiometric calibration strategies using Central UV Calibration Facility FEL lamps that are directly NIST-traceable, portable field calibrators, and vicarious calibrations using data from UV multifilter rotating shadowband radiometers (MFRSRs) are discussed. Using direct-to-diffuse ratios from UV MFRSRs, we derive direct and diffuse high-resolution horizontal spectra from the collocated UV spectroradiometers of the USDA network. The direct-beam spectra can be used in a Langley regression that leads to spectroradiometric in situ calibration and to ozone column and aerosol optical depth retrievals. The high-resolution direct spectra are used to obtain the ozone column and aerosol optical depth in the 290- to 360-nm range at 0.1-nm resolution. A statistical summary of network performance is presented. (c) 2007 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. C1 SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Colorado Springs, CO USA. NOAA, Cent UV Calibrat Facil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Colorado State Univ, Natl Ecol Res Lab, Dept 1499, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Kiedron, P (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, 251 Fuller Rd, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM peter.kiedron@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 0091-3286 EI 1560-2303 J9 OPT ENG JI Opt. Eng. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 46 IS 8 AR 086201 DI 10.1117/1.2769599 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 221BB UT WOS:000250200800028 ER PT J AU Warburton, RE McCarthy, A Wallace, AM Hernandez-Marin, S Hadfield, RH Nam, SW Buller, GS AF Warburton, Ryan E. McCarthy, Aongus Wallace, Andrew M. Hernandez-Marin, Sergio Hadfield, Robert H. Nam, Sae Woo Buller, Gerald S. TI Subcentimeter depth resolution using a single-photon counting time-of-flight laser ranging system at 1550 nm wavelength SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERFORMANCE; DETECTOR; SENSOR; RADAR AB We demonstrate subeentimeter depth profiling at a stand off distance of 330 m using a time-of-flight approach based on time-correlated single-photon counting. For the first time to our knowledge, the photoncounting time-of-flight technique was demonstrated at a wavelength of 1550 nm using a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector. The performance achieved suggests that a system using superconducting detectors has the potential for low-light-level and eye-safe operation. The system's instrumental response was 70 ps full width at half-maximum, which meant that 1 cm surface-to-surface resolution could be achieved by locating the centroids of each return signal. A depth resolution of 4 mm was achieved by employing an optimized signal-processing algorithm based on a reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo method. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optoelect Div 815, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Buller, GS (reprint author), Heriot Watt Univ, Sch Engn Phys Sci, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. EM G.S.Buller@hw.ac.uk RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013; OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187; Buller, Gerald/0000-0003-0441-2830 NR 16 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 2 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 32 IS 15 BP 2266 EP 2268 DI 10.1364/OL.32.002266 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 205BF UT WOS:000249087200066 PM 17671605 ER PT J AU Schmittner, A Galbraith, ED Hostetler, SW Pedersen, TF Zhang, R AF Schmittner, Andreas Galbraith, Eric D. Hostetler, Steven W. Pedersen, Thomas F. Zhang, Rong TI Large fluctuations of dissolved oxygen in the Indian and Pacific oceans during Dansgaard-Oeschger oscillations caused by variations of North Atlantic Deep Water subduction SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SANTA-BARBARA BASIN; ARABIAN SEA; MINIMUM ZONE; MILLENNIAL-SCALE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; LATE QUATERNARY; PRODUCTIVITY AB [1] Paleoclimate records from glacial Indian and Pacific oceans sediments document millennial-scale fluctuations of subsurface dissolved oxygen levels and denitrification coherent with North Atlantic temperature oscillations. Yet the mechanism of this teleconnection between the remote ocean basins remains elusive. Here we present model simulations of the oxygen and nitrogen cycles that explain how changes in deepwater subduction in the North Atlantic can cause large and synchronous variations of oxygen minimum zones throughout the Northern Hemisphere of the Indian and Pacific oceans, consistent with the paleoclimate records. Cold periods in the North Atlantic are associated with reduced nutrient delivery to the upper Indo-Pacific oceans, thereby decreasing productivity. Reduced export production diminishes subsurface respiration of organic matter leading to higher oxygen concentrations and less denitrification. This effect of reduced oxygen consumption dominates at low latitudes. At high latitudes in the Southern Ocean and North Pacific, increased mixed layer depths and steepening of isopycnals improve ocean ventilation and oxygen supply to the subsurface. Atmospheric teleconnections through changes in wind-driven ocean circulation modify this basin-scale pattern regionally. These results suggest that changes in the Atlantic Ocean circulation, similar to those projected by climate models to possibly occur in the centuries to come because of anthropogenic climate warming, can have large effects on marine ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles even in remote areas. C1 Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. RP Schmittner, A (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, 104 COAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM aschmittner@coas.oregonstate.edu RI Schmittner, Andreas/A-3101-2008; Zhang, Rong/D-9767-2014; Galbraith, Eric/F-9469-2014; Schmittner, Andreas/O-9647-2015 OI Zhang, Rong/0000-0002-8493-6556; Galbraith, Eric/0000-0003-4476-4232; Schmittner, Andreas/0000-0002-8376-0843 NR 73 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD AUG 1 PY 2007 VL 22 IS 3 AR PA3207 DI 10.1029/2006PA001384 PG 17 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 198DH UT WOS:000248606700004 ER PT J AU Solomon, GS Pelton, M Yamamoto, Y AF Solomon, G. S. Pelton, M. Yamamoto, Y. TI Microcavity modified spontaneous emission of single quantum dots SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI B-BASIC SOLID STATE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENHANCED SPONTANEOUS EMISSION; PHOTON TURNSTILE DEVICE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; STATE; BOXES; GAAS; FLUORESCENCE; GENERATION; BLOCKADE AB We summarize our earlier research showing how the radiative properties of an individual InAs quantum dot exciton state can be altered by their spatial and spectral position with respect to a discrete semiconductor microcavity mode. The InAs quantum dot is formed epitaxially in GaAs, and the microcavity is processed from a one-wavelength distributed Bragg reflector planar microcavity of GaAs and AlAs to form a sub-micrometer diameter pillar. Two states are tuned through a discrete cavity mode through sample temperature changes and show a spontaneous emission enhancement of 4. (c) 2007 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Stanford Univ, Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. Natl Inst Informat, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1018430, Japan. RP Solomon, GS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM glenn.solomon@nist.gov RI Yamamoto, Yoshihisa/A-2811-2012; Pelton, Matthew/H-7482-2013 OI Pelton, Matthew/0000-0002-6370-8765 NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0370-1972 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI B JI Phys. Status Solidi B-Basic Solid State Phys. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 244 IS 8 BP 2792 EP 2802 DI 10.1002/pssb.200675619 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 199RL UT WOS:000248712800012 ER PT J AU Boyd, MM Zelevinsky, T Ludlow, AD Blatt, S Zanon-Willette, T Foreman, SM Ye, J AF Boyd, Martin M. Zelevinsky, Tanya Ludlow, Andrew D. Blatt, Sebastian Zanon-Willette, Thomas Foreman, Seth M. Ye, Jun TI Nuclear spin effects in optical lattice clocks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ELECTRIC-DIPOLE MOMENT; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; SL CONFIGURATION; FREQUENCY; LEVEL; STANDARDS; SHIFTS; ATOMS; LIMIT; TIME AB We present a detailed experimental and theoretical study of the effect of nuclear spin on the performance of optical lattice clocks. With a state-mixing theory including spin-orbit and hyperfine interactions, we describe the origin of the S-1(0)-P-3(0) clock transition and the differential g factor between the two clock states for alkaline-earth-metal(-like) atoms, using Sr-87 as an example. Clock frequency shifts due to magnetic and optical fields are discussed with an emphasis on those relating to nuclear structure. An experimental determination of the differential g factor in Sr-87 is performed and is in good agreement with theory. The magnitude of the tensor light shift on the clock states is also explored experimentally. State specific measurements with controlled nuclear spin polarization are discussed as a method to reduce the nuclear spin-related systematic effects to below 10(-17) in lattice clocks. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Boyd, MM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012 OI Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967 NR 62 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 022510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.022510 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 205ZY UT WOS:000249154900066 ER PT J AU Bridges, JM Wiese, WL AF Bridges, J. M. Wiese, W. L. TI Experimental study of weak intersystem lines and related strong persistent lines of NeII SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-PROBABILITIES; RADIATIVE LIFETIMES; ENERGY-LEVELS; IONIZED NEON; ULTRAVIOLET AB We operated a high-current hollow cathode discharge in pure neon at pressures from 93 to 173 Pa and measured the branching fractions of Ne II emission lines originating from several 2p(5) 3p, 3d, and 4f levels, for which lifetime data were available in the literature. This allowed the determination of transition probabilities for all downward transitions, which included a number of weak intersystem lines. We focused our study on these weak lines, using care to assure correct identifications and accurate intensity measurements, in spite of the presence of much stronger other lines in their vicinity. In contrast to an earlier experiment, we achieved close agreement with a recent multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock calculation. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bridges, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 022513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.022513 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 205ZY UT WOS:000249154900069 ER PT J AU Chicireanu, R Beaufils, Q Pouderous, A Laburthe-Tolra, B Marechal, E Porto, JV Vernac, L Keller, JC Gorceix, O AF Chicireanu, R. Beaufils, Q. Pouderous, A. Laburthe-Tolra, B. Marechal, E. Porto, J. V. Vernac, L. Keller, J. C. Gorceix, O. TI Accumulation and thermalization of cold atoms in a finite-depth magnetic trap SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD ATOMS; POTENTIALS; GAS AB We study the continuous accumulation of cold atoms from a magneto-optical trap (MOT) into a finite depth trap, consisting in a magnetic quadrupole trap dressed by a radiofrequency (rf) field. Chromium atoms (Cr-52) in a MOT are continuously optically pumped by the MOT lasers to metastable dark states. In the presence of a rf field, the temperature of the metastable atoms that remain magnetically trapped can be as low as 25 mu K, with a density of 10(17) atoms m(-3), resulting in an increase of the phase-space density, still limited to 7.0x10(-6) by inelastic collisions. To investigate the thermalization issues in the truncated trap, we measure the free evaporation rate in the rf-truncated magnetic trap, and deduce the average elastic cross section for atoms in the D-5(4) metastable states, sigma(el)=7.0x10(-16) m(2). C1 Univ Paris 13, Phys Lasers Lab, CNRS, UMR 7538, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chicireanu, R (reprint author), Univ Paris 13, Phys Lasers Lab, CNRS, UMR 7538, 99 Ave JB Clement, F-93430 Villetaneuse, France. NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 023406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.023406 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 205ZY UT WOS:000249154900089 ER PT J AU Taichenachev, AV Yudin, VI Oates, CW AF Taichenachev, A. V. Yudin, V. I. Oates, C. W. TI Optical lattice polarization effects on magnetically induced optical atomic clock transitions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article AB We derive the frequency shift for a forbidden optical transition J=0 -> J' =0 caused by the simultaneous actions of an elliptically polarized lattice field and a static magnetic field. We find that a simple configuration of lattice and magnetic fields leads to a cancellation of this shift to first order in lattice intensity and magnetic field. In this geometry, the second-order lattice intensity shift can be minimized as well by use of optimal lattice polarization. Suppression of these shifts could considerably enhance the performance of the next generation of atomic clocks. C1 SB RAS, Inst Laser Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Taichenachev, AV (reprint author), SB RAS, Inst Laser Phys, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia. RI Taichenachev, Aleksei/K-7065-2015 OI Taichenachev, Aleksei/0000-0003-2273-0066 NR 17 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 023806 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.76.023806 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 205ZY UT WOS:000249154900134 ER PT J AU Hawa, T Zachariah, MR AF Hawa, T. Zachariah, M. R. TI Molecular dynamics simulation and continuum modeling of straight-chain aggregate sintering: Development of a phenomenological scaling law SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; SILICON NANOPARTICLES; SURFACE-AREA; GAS-PHASE; PARTICLE; COALESCENCE; ENERGY; NANOCRYSTALS; COAGULATION; MORPHOLOGY AB Atomistic molecular dynamics simulation and a simple continuum viscous flow model are employed to investigate the sintering of straight-chain nanoparticle aggregates. The results are used to develop a phenomenological sintering scaling law. The chain aggregates investigated consist of up to 80 primary particles of silicon, with primary particles of 2.5-7 nm in diameter. We found that sintering of chain aggregates consists of three steps. In step (a), reaction between particles to minimize surface defects and development of a cylindrical like shape comprised an induction period. Step (b) consisted of contraction of the cylinder, which actually consisted of two contraction stages. The first stage was the local contraction stage where sintering occurs only at the ends of the particle chain, and the second stage involved the global contraction. The last step was the nominal sintering process from an oval to spherical shape. As expected, sintering time increases with increasing chain length, with the exception that very long chains fragmented. The sintering times normalized by the primary particle diameter showed a universal relationship which only depends on chain length. These results were found to be consistent with a mathematical model we develop based on continuum viscous flow. The model was able to predict the sintering time in excellent agreement with results obtained from molecular dynamics simulation for any chain length and any primary particle size for straight nanoparticle chain aggregates. The results for sintering times for aggregate chains could be summarized with a power law modification of the Frenkel viscous flow equation, to include a dependence on the number of particle connections in a chain aggregate: t=t(Frenkel)*(N-1)(0.68). C1 Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 AR 054109 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.054109 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 206AA UT WOS:000249155100035 ER PT J AU Jablonski, A Powell, CJ AF Jablonski, A. Powell, C. J. TI Improved algorithm for calculating transport cross sections of electrons with energies from 50 eV to 30 keV SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; EFFECTIVE ATTENUATION LENGTHS; MEAN FREE PATHS; ELASTIC-SCATTERING; NONCRYSTALLINE SOLIDS; ESCAPE PROBABILITY; ATOMIC POTENTIALS; SIGNAL PHOTOELECTRONS; CORRECTION PARAMETERS; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION AB We report an analytical expression for transport cross sections (TCSs) calculated from the Dirac-Hartree-Fock potential for 92 elements (H to U) and electron energies between 50 eV and 30 keV. This expression is the product of an approximate TCS formula and a correction function. Parameters in the correction function were obtained from separate fits for each element to computed TCSs for energies between 50 and 300 eV and between 300 eV and 30 keV. Over the entire energy range, the mean deviation between TCSs from the expression and the calculated TCSs for any element was typically between 0.01% and 0.5%, and the maximum deviation was between 0.1% and 3%; both deviations generally increased with atomic number. The TCS expression will facilitate evaluation of parameters needed for quantitative Auger-electron spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that have been derived from the solution of the kinetic Boltzmann equation within the transport approximation. C1 Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jablonski, A (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys Chem, Ulica Kasprzaka 44-52, PL-01224 Warsaw, Poland. NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 8 AR 085123 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.085123 PG 13 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 206AD UT WOS:000249155400035 ER PT J AU Lau, GC Freitas, RS Ueland, BG Dahlberg, ML Huang, Q Zandbergen, HW Schiffer, P Cava, RJ AF Lau, G. C. Freitas, R. S. Ueland, B. G. Dahlberg, M. L. Huang, Q. Zandbergen, H. W. Schiffer, P. Cava, R. J. TI Structural disorder and properties of the stuffed pyrochlore Ho2TiO5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DEFECT FLUORITE PHASE; ZERO-POINT ENTROPY; SOLID-SOLUTIONS; SPIN-ICE; 0-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-X-LESS-THAN-OR-EQUAL-TO-1 SYSTEM; STABILIZED ZIRCONIA; TRANSITION; WATER; DIFFRACTION; FRUSTRATION AB We report a structural and thermodynamic study of the '' stuffed spin ice '' material Ho2TiO5 [i.e., Ho-2(Ti1.33Ho0.67)O-6.67], comparing samples synthesized through two different routes. Neutron powder diffraction and electron diffraction reveal that the previously reported defect fluorite phase has short-range pyrochlore ordering, in that there are domains in which the Ho and Ho/Ti sublattices are distinct. By contrast, a sample prepared through a floating zone method has long-range ordering of these sublattices. Despite the differences in crystal structures, the two versions of Ho2TiO5 display similar magnetic susceptibilities. Field dependent magnetization and measured recovered entropies, however, show a difference between the two forms, suggesting that the magnetic properties of the stuffed pyrochlores depend on the local structure. C1 Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. Penn State Univ, Dept Phys, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. Penn State Univ, Mat Res Inst, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Delft Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci, NL-2682 AL Delft, Netherlands. RP Lau, GC (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Ueland, Benjamin/B-2312-2008; Schiffer, Peter/F-3227-2011; Freitas, Rafael/K-1034-2013; OI Ueland, Benjamin/0000-0001-9784-6595; Schiffer, Peter/0000-0002-6430-6549; Freitas, Rafael/0000-0002-0225-6195 NR 38 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 AR 054430 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.054430 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 206AA UT WOS:000249155100101 ER PT J AU Montfrooij, W Lamsal, J Aronson, M Bennett, M de Visser, A Kai, HY Huy, NT Yethiraj, M Lumsden, M Qiu, YM AF Montfrooij, Wouter Lamsal, Jagat Aronson, Meigan Bennett, Marcus de Visser, Anne Kai, Huang Ying Huy, Nguyen Thanh Yethiraj, Mohana Lumsden, Mark Qiu, Yiming TI Ground state of a quantum critical system: Neutron scattering on Ce(Ru1-xFex)(2)Ge-2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PHASE-TRANSITIONS; METALS; TEMPERATURE AB We present neutron scattering data on Ce(Ru1-xFex)(2)Ge-2 that show that magnetic ordering in the vicinity of a quantum critical point is restricted to short length scales even though all moments that are present have lined up with their neighbors. We argue that order is not limited by crystallographic defects but rather that quantum fluctuations disorder the system and dilute the magnetic moments to such an extent that a percolation network forms. The latter naturally explains how E/T scaling is possible in a system whose apparent dimensionality is above the upper critical dimension. C1 Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Missouri Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. Univ Amsterdam, Van Der Waals Zeeman Inst, NL-1018 XE Amsterdam, Netherlands. Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Montfrooij, W (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Phys & Missouri Res Reactor, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RI Lumsden, Mark/F-5366-2012 OI Lumsden, Mark/0000-0002-5472-9660 NR 25 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 AR 052404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.052404 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 206AA UT WOS:000249155100011 ER PT J AU Shapiro, SM Xu, GY Winn, BL Schlagel, DL Lograsso, T Erwin, R AF Shapiro, S. M. Xu, Guangyong Winn, B. L. Schlagel, D. L. Lograsso, T. Erwin, R. TI Anomalous phonon behavior in the high-temperature shape-memory alloy Ti50Pd50-xCrx SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID PREMARTENSITIC PHENOMENA; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; PHASE; TRANSFORMATION; TI50PD42CR8 AB Ti50Pd50-xCrx is a high-temperature shape-memory alloy with a martensitic transformation temperature strongly dependent on the Cr composition. Prior to the transformation, a premartensitic phase is present with an incommensurate modulated cubic lattice with wave vector of q(0)=(0.22,0.22,0). The temperature dependence of the diffuse scattering in the cubic phase is measured as a function temperature for x=6.5, 8.5, and 10 at. %. The lattice dynamics has been studied and reveals anomalous temperature and q dependences of the [110]-TA(2) transverse phonon branch. The phonon linewidth is broad over the entire Brillouin zone and increases with decreasing temperature, contrary to the behavior expected for anharmonicity. No anomaly is observed at q(0). The results are compared with first principles calculation of the phonon structure. C1 Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab & Mat Sci & Engn, Ames, IA 50011 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shapiro, SM (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Winn, Barry/A-5065-2016 OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Winn, Barry/0000-0001-6383-4318 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 AR 054305 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.054305 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 206AA UT WOS:000249155100067 ER PT J AU Shirley, EL Lawler, HM AF Shirley, Eric L. Lawler, Hadley M. TI Two-phonon infrared spectra of Si and Ge: Calculating and assigning features SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FUNCTIONAL PERTURBATION-THEORY; NORM-CONSERVING PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; LATTICE ABSORPTION; SELECTION RULES; ELECTRON-GAS; DENSITY; SEMICONDUCTORS; GERMANIUM; DIAMOND; SILICON AB Third-order density-functional perturbation theory yields the terahertz and/or far-infrared absorption spectra for silicon and germanium, including all two-phonon combination and difference features. Temperature-dependent spectra are compared to available experimental results. Critical-point analysis is used to identify the branch and wave-vector indices of many features. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Tech Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Washington, Dept Phys, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Shirley, EL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Tech Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.shirley@nist.gov NR 45 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 AR 054116 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.054116 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 206AA UT WOS:000249155100042 ER PT J AU Stock, C Xu, GY Gehring, PM Luo, H Zhao, X Cao, H Li, JF Viehland, D Shirane, G AF Stock, C. Xu, Guangyong Gehring, P. M. Luo, H. Zhao, X. Cao, H. Li, J. F. Viehland, D. Shirane, G. TI Neutron and x-ray diffraction study of cubic [111] field-cooled Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID RELAXOR FERROELECTRIC PBMG1/3NB2/3O3; QUASI-ELASTIC SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LEAD MAGNONIOBATE; ELECTRIC-FIELD; BEHAVIOR; PB(ZN1/3NB2/3)O3; FE0.5ZN0.5F2 AB Neutron and x-ray diffraction techniques have been used to study the competing long- and short-range polar order in the relaxor ferroelectric Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3 (PMN) under a [111] applied electric field. Despite reports of a structural transition from a cubic phase to a rhombohedral phase for fields E>1.7 kV/cm, we find that the bulk unit cell remains cubic (within a sensitivity of 90 degrees-alpha=0.03 degrees) for fields up to 8 kV/cm. Furthermore, we observe a structural transition confined to the near surface volume or "skin" of the crystal where the cubic cell is transformed to a rhombohedral unit cell at T-c=210 K for E>4 kV/cm, for which 90 degrees-alpha=0.08 +/- 0.03 degrees below 50 K. While the bulk unit cell remains cubic, a suppression of the diffuse scattering and concomitant enhancement of the Bragg peak intensity is observed below T-c=210 K, indicating a more ordered structure with increasing electric field yet an absence of a long-range ferroelectric ground state in the bulk. The electric field strength has little effect on the diffuse scattering above T-c, however, below T-c the diffuse scattering is reduced in intensity and adopts an asymmetric line shape in reciprocal space. The absence of hysteresis in our neutron measurements (on the bulk) and the presence of two distinct temperature scales suggests that the ground state of PMN is not a frozen glassy phase as suggested by some theories but is better understood in terms of random fields introduced through the presence of structural disorder. Based on these results, we also suggest that PMN represents an extreme example of the two-length scale problem, and that the presence of a distinct skin may be necessary for a relaxor ground state. C1 Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Ceram, Shanghai 201800, Peoples R China. Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Phys, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Stock, C (reprint author), Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; Zhao, Xiangyong/A-1743-2013; OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 NR 63 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 26 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 064122 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.064122 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 206AB UT WOS:000249155200037 ER PT J AU Wang, YC Yang, HF Huang, Q Duan, LB Lynn, JW Rao, GH AF Wang, Y. C. Yang, H. F. Huang, Q. Duan, L. B. Lynn, J. W. Rao, G. H. TI Magnetic and crystal structures of the polymorphic Pr5Si2Ge2 compound SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON POWDER DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITION; GD-5(SI2GE2) AB Crystallographic and magnetic structures of the polymorphisms of Pr5Si2Ge2 compound: the tetragonal t-Pr5Si2Ge2 and the monoclinic m-Pr5Si2Ge2, are investigated by neutron powder diffraction at different temperatures. The t-Pr5Si2Ge2 crystallizes in the Zr5Si4-type structure with the space group P4(1)2(1)2 down to 4 K. Long-range magnetic ordering takes place at T-C=52 K, and the magnetic structure can be modeled with the magnetic space group P4(1)2(1)'2('). The net magnetic moment occurs exclusively along the c direction. The lattice parameters change continuously around T-C with a small negative magnetovolume effect, indicating a second-order phase transition. The m-Pr5Si2Ge2 crystallizes in the Gd5Si2Ge2-type structure with the space group P112(1)/a down to 4 K. Long-range magnetic ordering occurs at T-C=40 K and the magnetic structure can be modeled with the magnetic space group P112(1)'/a'. The net magnetic moment lies on the ab plane, with the main component along the a axis. No other magnetic transition is observed below T-C for both the compounds, and the largest shrinking of lattice parameter upon cooling through T-C occurs along the direction with the largest net magnetic moment component. The relatively stable existence at room temperature of the polymorphic Pr5Si2Ge2 is readily understood based on the correlation between the crystal structures of t-Pr5Si2Ge2 and m-Pr5Si2Ge2. In the scenario of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interaction model, the complex noncollinear magnetic structures of the compounds can be attributed to a competition of different Pr-Pr exchange interactions due to the different chemical environments around Pr atoms on different sites and to the broad range of the Pr-Pr distances. C1 Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, YC (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, POB 603, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM ghrao@aphy.iphy.ac.cn NR 22 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 064425 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.064425 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 206AB UT WOS:000249155200078 ER PT J AU Ye, F Lorenz, B Huang, Q Wang, YQ Sun, YY Chu, CW Fernandez-Baca, JA Dai, PC Mook, HA AF Ye, F. Lorenz, B. Huang, Q. Wang, Y. Q. Sun, Y. Y. Chu, C. W. Fernandez-Baca, J. A. Dai, Pengcheng Mook, H. A. TI Incommensurate magnetic structure in the orthorhombic perovskite ErMnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FERROELECTRICITY; MULTIFERROICS; POLARIZATION; YMNO3; HO; ER AB By combining dielectric, specific heat, and magnetization measurements and high-resolution neutron powder diffraction, we have investigated the thermodynamic and magnetic and structural properties of the metastable orthorhombic perovskite ErMnO3 prepared by high-pressure synthesis. The system becomes antiferromagnetically correlated below 42 K and undergoes a lock-in transition at 28 K with propagation wave vector (0,k(b),0), which remains incommensurate at low temperature. The intercorrelation between the magnetic structure and electric properties and the role of the rare earth moment are discussed. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Univ Houston, Dept Phys, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Univ Houston, TCSUH, Houston, TX 77204 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Ye, F (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Ye, Feng/B-3210-2010; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/C-3984-2014 OI Ye, Feng/0000-0001-7477-4648; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/0000-0001-9080-5096 NR 30 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 6 AR 060402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.060402 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 206AB UT WOS:000249155200004 ER PT J AU Zheludev, A Garlea, VO Masuda, T Manaka, H Regnault, LP Ressouche, E Grenier, B Chung, JH Qiu, Y Habicht, K Kiefer, K Boehm, M AF Zheludev, A. Garlea, V. O. Masuda, T. Manaka, H. Regnault, L.-P. Ressouche, E. Grenier, B. Chung, J.-H. Qiu, Y. Habicht, K. Kiefer, K. Boehm, M. TI Dynamics of quantum spin liquid and spin solid phases in IPA-CuCl3 under an applied magnetic field studied with neutron scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HEISENBERG; (CH3)(2)CHNH3CUCL3; ANTIFERROMAGNETS; CONDENSATION; CHAIN; STATE AB Inelastic and elastic neutron scattering is used to study spin correlations in the quasi-one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnet IPA-CuCl3 in strong applied magnetic fields. A condensation of magnons and commensurate transverse long-range ordering is observe at a critical field H-c=9.5 T. The field dependencies of the energies and polarizations of all magnon branches are investigated both below and above the transition point. Their dispersion is measured across the entire one-dimensional Brillouin zone in magnetic fields up to 14 T. The critical wave vector of magnon spectrum truncation [Masuda , Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 047210 (2006)] is found to shift from h(c)approximate to 0.35 at H < H-c to h(c)=0.25 for H>H-c. A drastic reduction of magnon bandwidths in the ordered phase [Garlea , Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 167202 (2007)] is observed and studied in detail. New features of the spectrum, presumably related to this bandwidth collapse, are observed just above the transition field. C1 Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. Yokohama City Univ, Int Grad Sch Arts & Sci, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360027, Japan. Kagoshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan. CEA Grenoble, DRFMC SPSMS MDN, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, BENSC, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. RP Zheludev, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Kiefer, Klaus/J-3544-2013; Garlea, Vasile/A-4994-2016; Habicht, Klaus/K-3636-2013 OI Kiefer, Klaus/0000-0002-5178-0495; Garlea, Vasile/0000-0002-5322-7271; Habicht, Klaus/0000-0002-9915-7221 NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 5 AR 054450 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.76.054450 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 206AA UT WOS:000249155100121 ER PT J AU Zhou, W Yildirim, T Durgun, E Ciraci, S AF Zhou, W. Yildirim, T. Durgun, E. Ciraci, S. TI Hydrogen absorption properties of metal-ethylene complexes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID SOLID ARGON; ADSORPTION; SPECTRA; ATOMS AB Recently, we have predicted [Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 226102 (2006)] that a single ethylene molecule can form stable complexes with light transition metals (TMs) such as Ti and the resulting TM(n)-ethylene complex can absorb up to similar to 12 and 14 wt % hydrogen for n=1 and 2, respectively. Here we extend this study to include a large number of other metals and different isomeric structures. We obtained interesting results for light metals such as Li. The ethylene molecule is able to complex with two Li atoms with a binding energy of 0.7 eV/Li which then binds up to two H(2) molecules per Li with a binding energy of 0.24 eV/H(2) and absorption capacity of 16 wt %, a record high value reported so far. The stability of the proposed metal-ethylene complexes was tested by extensive calculations such as normal-mode analysis, finite temperature first-principles molecular-dynamics (MD) simulations, and reaction path calculations. The phonon and MD simulations indicate that the proposed structures are stable up to 500 K. The reaction path calculations indicate about 1 eV activation barrier for the TM(2)-ethylene complex to transform into a possible lower energy configuration where the ethylene molecule is dissociated. Importantly, no matter which isometric configuration the TM(2)-ethylene complex possesses, the TM atoms are able to bind multiple hydrogen molecules with suitable binding energy for room-temperature storage. These results suggest that co-deposition of ethylene with a suitable precursor of TM or Li into nanopores of light-weight host materials may be a very promising route to discovering new materials with high-capacity hydrogen absorption properties. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. Bilkent Univ, Dept Phys, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. Bilkent Univ, UNAM Natl Nanotechnol Res Ctr, TR-06800 Ankara, Turkey. RP Yildirim, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 OI Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; NR 27 TC 128 Z9 131 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 8 AR 085434 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.085434 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 206AD UT WOS:000249155400132 ER PT J AU Chu, XQ Kolesnikov, AI Moravsky, AP Garcia-Sakai, V Chen, SH AF Chu, X.-Q. Kolesnikov, A. I. Moravsky, A. P. Garcia-Sakai, V. Chen, S.-H. TI Observation of a dynamic crossover in water confined in double-wall carbon nanotubes SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article ID STRONG LIQUID TRANSITION; SUPERCOOLED WATER; ICE NANOTUBES; SILICA AB High-resolution quasielastic neutron scattering spectroscopy was used to measure H2O hydrated double-wall carbon nanotubes (DWNT). The measurements were made at a series of temperatures from 250 K down to 150 K. The relaxing-cage model was used to analyze the quasielastic spectra. We observed clear evidence of a fragile-to-strong dynamic crossover (FSC) at T-L=190 K in the confined water. We further show that the mean-square atomic displacement of the hydrogen atoms in water exhibits a sharp change in slope at approximately the same temperature 190 K. Comparing the result with that obtained from the confined water in hydrophilic porous silica material MCM-41, we demonstrate experimentally that water confined in a hydrophobic substrate exhibits a lower dynamic crossover temperature by Delta T-L approximate to 35 K. C1 MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. Argonne Natl Lab, Div Intense Pulsed Neutron Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. MER Corp, Tucson, AZ 85706 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sowhsin@mit.edu RI Chu, Xiangqiang/A-1572-2011; Kolesnikov, Alexander/I-9015-2012; OI Kolesnikov, Alexander/0000-0003-1940-4649; Garcia Sakai, Victoria/0000-0001-6570-4218; Chu, Xiang-qiang/0000-0003-4320-5316 NR 33 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD AUG PY 2007 VL 76 IS 2 AR 021505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.76.021505 PN 1 PG 6 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 205ZV UT WOS:000249154600048 PM 17930042 ER PT J AU Hagedorn, JG Satterfield, SG Kelso, JT Austin, W Terrill, JE Peskin, AP AF Hagedorn, John G. Satterfield, Steven G. Kelso, John T. Austin, Whitney Terrill, Judith E. Peskin, Adele P. TI Correction of location and orientation errors in electromagnetic motion tracking SO PRESENCE-TELEOPERATORS AND VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS LA English DT Article ID VIRTUAL ENVIRONMENTS; CALIBRATION; FRAMEWORK AB We describe a method for calibrating an electromagnetic motion tracking device. Algorithms for correcting both location and orientation data are presented. In particular, we use a method for interpolating rotation corrections that has not previously been used in this context. This method, unlike previous methods, is rooted in the geometry of the space of rotations. This interpolation method is used in conjunction with Delaunay tetrahedralization to enable correction based on scattered data samples. We present measurements that support the assumption that neither location nor orientation errors are dependent on sensor orientation. We give results showing large improvements in both location and orientation errors. The methods are shown to impose a minimal computational burden. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Jackson State Univ, Jackson, MS 39217 USA. RP Hagedorn, JG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8951, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.hagedorn@nist.gov NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU MIT PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA ONE ROGERS ST, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02142-1209 USA SN 1054-7460 EI 1531-3263 J9 PRESENCE-TELEOP VIRT JI Presence-Teleoper. Virtual Env. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 IS 4 BP 352 EP 366 DI 10.1162/pres.16.4.352 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 197YF UT WOS:000248592600002 ER PT J AU Lee, D Walsh, JD Migliorini, M Yu, P Cai, T Schwieters, CD Krueger, S Strickland, DK Wang, YX AF Lee, Donghan Walsh, Joseph D. Migliorini, Molly Yu, Ping Cai, Tao Schwieters, Charles D. Krueger, Susan Strickland, Dudley K. Wang, Yun-Xing TI The structure of receptor-associated protein (RAP) SO PROTEIN SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE multidomain protein; receptor-associated protein; global order ID N-TERMINAL DOMAIN; LIGAND-BINDING; LIPOPROTEIN RECEPTORS; MOLECULAR CHAPERONE; DIPOLAR COUPLINGS; SCATTERING DATA; CHEMICAL-SHIFT; NMR ASSIGNMENT; LRP; REFINEMENT AB The receptor-associated protein (RAP) is a molecular chaperone that binds tightly to certain newly synthesized LDL receptor family members in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and facilitates their delivery to the Golgi. We have adopted a divide-and-conquer strategy to solve the structures of the individual domains of RAP using NMR spectroscopy. We present here the newly determined structure of domain 2. Based on this structure and the structures of domains 1 and 3, which were solved previously, we utilized experimental small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data and a novel simulated annealing protocol to characterize the overall structure of RAP. The results reveal that RAP adopts a unique structural architecture consisting of three independent three-helix bundles that are connected by long and flexible linkers. The flexible linkers and the quasi- repetitive structural architecture may allow RAP to adopt various possible conformations when interacting with the LDL receptors, which are also made of repetitive substructure units. C1 NCI, Natl Inst Hlth, Struct Biophys Lab, Nucl Acid Interact Sect, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. Univ Maryland, Sch Med, Ctr Vasc & Inflam Dis, Dept Surg & Physiol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. NCI, SAIC Frederick Inc, Basic Res Program, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. NIDCR, Natl Inst Hlth, Expt Med Sect, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. Natl Inst Hlth, Ctr Informat Technol, Div Computat Biosci, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, YX (reprint author), NCI, Natl Inst Hlth, Struct Biophys Lab, Nucl Acid Interact Sect, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. EM wangyu@ncifcrf.gov RI Lee, Donghan/B-6893-2011; OI Lee, Donghan/0000-0002-6530-8060; Lee, Donghan/0000-0002-3971-986X FU Intramural NIH HHS; NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400, N01-CO56000, N01CO12400]; NHLBI NIH HHS [P01 HL054710, HL50784, HL54710, R01 HL050784] NR 57 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB PRESS, PUBLICATIONS DEPT PI WOODBURY PA 500 SUNNYSIDE BLVD, WOODBURY, NY 11797-2924 USA SN 0961-8368 J9 PROTEIN SCI JI Protein Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 16 IS 8 BP 1628 EP 1640 DI 10.1110/ps.072865407 PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 194RD UT WOS:000248360600012 PM 17656581 ER PT J AU Donley, EA Hodby, E Hollberg, L Kitching, J AF Donley, E. A. Hodby, E. Hollberg, L. Kitching, J. TI Demonstration of high-performance compact magnetic shields for chip-scale atomic devices SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MAGNETOMETER; DESIGN; CONSTRUCTION; SENSITIVITY; ROTATION; FIELDS AB We have designed and tested a set of five miniature nested magnetic shields constructed of high-permeability material, with external volumes for the individual shielding layers ranging from 0.01 to 2.5 cm(3). We present measurements of the longitudinal and transverse shielding factors (the ratio of external to internal magnetic field) of both individual shields and combinations of up to three layers. The largest shielding factor measured was 6x10(6) for a nested set of three shields, and from our results we predict a shielding factor of up to 1x10(13) when all five shields are used. Two different techniques were used to measure the internal field: a chip-scale atomic magnetometer and a commercially available magnetoresistive sensor. Measurements with the two methods were in good agreement. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Donley, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Time & Frequency Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 78 IS 8 AR 083102 DI 10.1063/1.2767533 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 206AQ UT WOS:000249156700003 PM 17764308 ER PT J AU Gates, RS Reitsma, MG AF Gates, Richard S. Reitsma, Mark G. TI Precise atomic force microscope cantilever spring constant calibration using a reference cantilever array SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article AB A method for calibrating the stiffness of atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilevers is demonstrated using an array of uniform microfabricated reference cantilevers. A series of force-displacement curves was obtained using a commercial AFM test cantilever on the reference cantilever array, and the data were analyzed using an implied Euler-Bernoulli model to extract the test cantilever spring constant from linear regression fitting. The method offers a factor of 5 improvement over the precision of the usual reference cantilever calibration method and, when combined with the Systeme International traceability potential of the cantilever array, can provide very accurate spring constant calibrations. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gates, RS (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bureau Drive,Stop 8526, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 33 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 78 IS 8 AR 086101 DI 10.1063/1.2764372 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 206AQ UT WOS:000249156700056 PM 17764361 ER PT J AU Larson, DR Paulter, NG AF Larson, Donald R. Paulter, Nicholas G., Jr. TI Nanosecond delay with subpicosecond uncertainty SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID PROPAGATION DELAY AB We have combined a commercially available, variable-length coaxial delay line (trombone line) with a high-resolution linear translation system. The result is better resolution and lower uncertainty in the achievable delays than previously available. The range of delay is 0 ps to approximately 1250 ps, the bidirectional resolution is 2.0 ps, the unidirectional resolution is 0.2 ps, and the uncertainty (95% confidence interval) in the measured delay is +/- 0.09 ps. Drift, temperature dependence, repeatability, linearity, and hysteresis were also examined. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Larson, DR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 78 IS 8 AR 084701 DI 10.1063/1.2760982 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 206AQ UT WOS:000249156700036 PM 17764341 ER PT J AU Young, RE Vecchione, M Roper, CFE AF Young, R. E. Vecchione, M. Roper, C. F. E. TI A new genus and three new species of decapodiform cephalopods (Mollusca : Cephalopoda) SO REVIEWS IN FISH BIOLOGY AND FISHERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium of the Cephalopod-International-Advisory-Council CY 2006 CL Hobart, AUSTRALIA SP Cephalopod Int Advisory Council, Univ Tasmania, Fisheries Res Dev Corp DE Amphorateuthis alveatus; Asperoteuthis mangoldae; cephalopoda; oegopsida; Promachoteuthis sulcus; species descriptions; systematics ID HAWAIIAN WATERS AB We describe here two new species of oegopsid squids. The first is an Asperoteuthis (Chiroteuthidae), and it is based on 18 specimens. This new species has sucker dentition and a funnel-mantle locking apparatus that are unique within the genus. The second new species is a Promachoteuthis (Promachoteuthidae), and is based on a unique specimen. This new species has tentacle ornamentation which is unique within the genus. We also describe a new genus and a new species of sepioid squid in the subfamily Heteroteuthinae (Sepiolidae) and it is based on four specimens. This new genus and species exhibits unique modifications of the arms in males. C1 Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Museum Nat Hist, Systemat Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20560 USA. Smithsonian Inst, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20560 USA. RP Young, RE (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM ryoung@hawaii.edu NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3166 J9 REV FISH BIOL FISHER JI Rev. Fish. Biol. Fish. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 17 IS 2-3 BP 353 EP 365 DI 10.1007/s11160-007-9044-z PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 171LL UT WOS:000246737400023 ER PT J AU Collins, W Colman, R Haywood, J Manning, MR Mote, P AF Collins, William Colman, Robert Haywood, James Manning, Martin R. Mote, Philip TI The physical science behind climate change SO SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN LA English DT Article AB Scientists are confident that humans have interfered with the climate and that further human-induced climate change is on the way. The principal driver of recent climate change is greenhouse gas emissions from human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels. Although further changes in the world's climate are now inevitable, the future, particularly in the longer term, remains largely in our hands-the magnitude of expected change depends on what humans choose to do about greenhouse gas emissions. C1 Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. Australian Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Climate Dynam Grp, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. Met Off, Observat Based Res Grp & Chem, Climate & Ecosyst Grp, Exeter, Devon, England. NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, IPCC WG I, Support Unit, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Collins, W (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RI Collins, William/J-3147-2014 OI Collins, William/0000-0002-4463-9848 NR 0 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 15 PU SCI AMERICAN INC PI NEW YORK PA 415 MADISON AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0036-8733 J9 SCI AM JI Sci.Am. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 297 IS 2 BP 64 EP 73 PG 10 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 189KE UT WOS:000247987000031 PM 17894174 ER PT J AU van der Laan, DC Ekin, JW Clickner, CC Stauffer, TC AF van der Laan, D. C. Ekin, J. W. Clickner, C. C. Stauffer, T. C. TI Delamination strength of YBCO coated conductors under transverse tensile stress SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; SUPERCONDUCTING TAPES; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL CURRENTS; STRAIN; DEPOSITION; FILMS AB We present a new experimental technique to measure the delamination strength under transverse tensile stress of YBa2Cu3O7-delta coated conductors for electric power applications. The delamination strength, defined as the tensile stress at which the ceramic layers delaminate from one another, is measured at 76 K for different sample configurations. The delamination strength is reduced by as much as 40% when the conductor is slit to smaller width, a standard fabrication process, and this reduction is due to damage to the ceramic layers near the edges of the conductor. We found that the delamination strength of slit coated conductors can be raised significantly by reinforcing the conductor by laminating it with copper strips and adding solder fillets at the edges. In relatively strong conductors, where the delamination strength is as high as 15 MPa, the critical current does not degrade before actual delamination. This fact greatly simplifies sample characterization of practical high-strength conductors, since only mechanical measurements need to be made. The critical current does, however, degrade significantly as a function of transverse stress before delamination in weak conductors that have relatively low delamination strength below 15 MPa. We discuss how a soft metallic layer in YBCO coated conductors may limit the transverse stress that the superconducting layer experiences in applications. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP van der Laan, DC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM danko@boulder.nist.gov RI van der Laan, Danko/L-5098-2016 NR 23 TC 67 Z9 67 U1 5 U2 22 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 20 IS 8 BP 765 EP 770 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/20/8/007 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 198XO UT WOS:000248661000010 ER PT J AU Kim, KJ Moon, DW Park, CJ Simons, D Gillen, G Jin, H Kang, HJ AF Kim, K. J. Moon, D. W. Park, C. J. Simons, D. Gillen, G. Jin, H. Kang, H. J. TI Quantitative surface analysis of Fe-Ni alloy films by XPS, AES and SIMS SO SURFACE AND INTERFACE ANALYSIS LA English DT Article DE surface quantification; Fe-Ni alloy; ICP-MS; C60SIMS; isotope dilution method ID THICKNESS MEASUREMENTS; CHEMICAL-ANALYSIS; ION-BOMBARDMENT; DEPTH; SILICON AB A comparison of quantitative surface analyses of Fe-Ni alloy thin films by various methods has been proposed as a pilot study by the Surface Analysis Working Group of the Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance (CCQM). To test the suitability of Fe-Ni for this purpose, alloy films with different compositions were grown on Si(100) wafers by ion-beam sputter deposition and the compositions were certified by an isotope dilution method using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The alloy compositions measured with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) using sensitivity factors determined from pure Fe and Ni metal films agreed with the certified mean values to better than 2%. The alloy compositions quantified by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) with a C-60 ion source agreed to better than 4% with the certified compositions if one of the alloys was used to establish the relative sensitivity factors (RSFs). These results indicate that the quantification of the Fe-Ni alloy is a good method for a CCQM pilot study because matrix effects and ion-sputtering effects are small for these analytical methods. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Adv Technol, Taejon 305600, South Korea. Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Metrol Qual Life, Taejon 305600, South Korea. NIST, Surface & Microanaly Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Chungbuk Natl Univ, Dept Phys, Cheongju 361763, South Korea. RP Kim, KJ (reprint author), Korea Res Inst Stand & Sci, Div Adv Technol, Taejon 305600, South Korea. EM kjkim@kriss.re.kr NR 25 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0142-2421 J9 SURF INTERFACE ANAL JI Surf. Interface Anal. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 39 IS 8 BP 665 EP 673 DI 10.1002/sia.2575 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 196NI UT WOS:000248488900003 ER PT J AU Frappier, A Knutson, T Liu, KB Emanuel, K AF Frappier, Amy Knutson, Thomas Liu, Kam-Biu Emanuel, Kerry TI Perspective: coordinating paleoclimate research on tropical cyclones with hurricane-climate theory and modelling SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop of the International-Research-Institute-for-Climate-and-Society CY MAR, 2006 CL Columbia Univ, Palisades, NY SP US Natl Sci Fdn, Columbia Univ, ADVANCE Programm, IRI, Columbia Univ, NSF IGERT Joint Program Appl Math & Environm Sci, NSF HO Columbia Univ ID MONTE-CARLO APPROACH; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; PAST 5,000 YEARS; GLOBAL CLIMATE; LAST MILLENNIUM; LATE HOLOCENE; EL-NINO; INTENSITY; VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY AB Extending the meteorological record back in time can offer critical data for assessing tropical cyclone-climate links. While paleotempestology, the study of ancient storms, can provide a more realistic view of past 'worst case scenarios', future environmental conditions may have no analogues in the paleoclimate record. The primary value in paleotempestology proxy records arises from their ability to quantify climate-tropical cyclone interactions by sampling tropical cyclone activity during pre-historic periods with a wider range of different climates. New paleotempestology proxies are just beginning to be applied, encouraging new collaboration between the paleo and tropical cyclone dynamics communities. The aim of this paper is to point out some paths toward closer coordination by outlining target needs of the tropical cyclone theory and modelling community and potential contributions of the paleotempestology community. We review recent advances in paleotempestology, summarize the range of types and quality of paleodata generation, and identify future research opportunities for paleotempestology, tropical cyclone dynamics and climate change impacts and attribution communities. C1 Boston Coll, Dept Geol & Geophys, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. MIT, Program Atmospheres Oceans & Climate, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Frappier, A (reprint author), Boston Coll, Dept Geol & Geophys, Devlin Hall 213, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467 USA. EM amy.frappier@bc.edu RI Liu, Kam-biu/B-4966-2012 OI Liu, Kam-biu/0000-0002-0038-2198 NR 83 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 14 PU CO-ACTION PUBLISHING PI JARFALLA PA RIPVAGEN 7, JARFALLA, SE-175 64, SWEDEN SN 0280-6495 EI 1600-0870 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 59 IS 4 BP 529 EP 537 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2007.00250.x PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 197GS UT WOS:000248543200013 ER PT J AU Juang, HMH Tao, WK Zeng, X Shie, CL Lang, S Simpson, J AF Juang, Hann-Ming Henry Tao, Wei-Kuo Zeng, Xiping Shie, Chung-Lin Lang, Stephen Simpson, Joanne TI Parallelization of the NASA Goddard cumulus ensemble model for massively parallel computing SO TERRESTRIAL ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE domain decomposition; message passing interface; massively parallel; computing; cloud-resolving model; numerical weather prediction ID GENERATED MOIST CONVECTION; TIME-INTEGRATION SCHEMES; AREA ATMOSPHERIC MODELS; BULK ICE SCHEME; PART I; PREDICTION MODEL; CLOUD SYSTEMS; SQUALL LINES; TOGA COARE; SIMULATIONS AB Massively parallel computing, using a message passing interface (MPI), has been implemented into a three-dimensional version of the Goddard Cumulus Ensemble (GCE) model. The implementation uses the domainresemble concept to design a code structure for both the whole domain and sub-domains after decomposition. Instead of inserting a group of MPI related statements into the model routine, these statements are packed into a single routine. In other words, only a single call statement to the model code is utilized once in a place, thus there is minimal impact on the original code. Therefore, the model is easily modified and/or managed by the model developers and/or users, who have little knowledge of massively parallel computing. The model decomposition is highly flexible such that the entire model domain can be sliced into any number of partial domains in one- or twodimensional decomposition. Data exchange is through a halo-region, which is overlaid with neighboring partial domains. A halo-region is also known as a ghost-cell region. For reproducibility purposes, transposing data among tasks into different decompositions is required, such as Fourier transform and full domain summation. The well-behaved performance of the implemented codes with anelastic and compressible versions on three different computing platforms indicates a successful implementation.. The parallelization of both versions has speedup of 99% for up to 256 tasks. The anelastic version has better speedup and efficiency because its numerical algorithm is preferred by the parallelization than that of the compressible version. C1 NOAA, Environm Model Ctr, NCEP, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD USA. Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. Sci Syst & Appl Inc, Lanham, MD USA. RP Juang, HMH (reprint author), NOAA, Environm Model Ctr, NCEP, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM Henry.Juang@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU CHINESE GEOSCIENCE UNION PI TAIPEI PA PO BOX 23-59, TAIPEI 10764, TAIWAN SN 1017-0839 J9 TERR ATMOS OCEAN SCI JI Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 18 IS 3 BP 593 EP 622 DI 10.3319/TAO.2007.18.3.593 PG 30 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 222PR UT WOS:000250309900011 ER PT J AU Marchok, T Rogers, R Tuleya, R AF Marchok, Timothy Rogers, Robert Tuleya, Robert TI Validation schemes for tropical cyclone quantitative precipitation forecasts: Evaluation of operational models for US landfalling cases SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID POTENTIAL TRAP TECHNIQUE; NORTH-ATLANTIC BASIN; VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; UNITED-STATES; PART I; TRANSFORMATION STAGE; FLOYD 1999; RAINFALL; HURRICANE AB A scheme for validating quantitative precipitation forecasts ( QPFs) for landfalling tropical cyclones is developed and presented here. This scheme takes advantage of the unique characteristics of tropical cyclone rainfall by evaluating the skill of rainfall forecasts in three attributes: the ability to match observed rainfall patterns, the ability to match the mean value and volume of observed rainfall, and the ability to produce the extreme amounts often observed in tropical cyclones. For some of these characteristics, track-relative analyses are employed that help to reduce the impact of model track forecast error on QPF skill. These characteristics are evaluated for storm-total rainfall forecasts of all U. S. landfalling tropical cyclones from 1998 to 2004 by the NCEP operational models, that is, the Global Forecast System ( GFS), the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory ( GFDL) hurricane model, and the North American Mesoscale ( NAM) model, as well as the benchmark Rainfall Climatology and Persistence ( R-CLIPER) model. Compared to R-CLIPER, all of the numerical models showed comparable or greater skill for all of the attributes. The GFS performed the best of all of the models for each of the categories. The GFDL had a bias of predicting too much heavy rain, especially in the core of the tropical cyclones, while the NAM predicted too little of the heavy rain. The R-CLIPER performed well near the track of the core, but it predicted much too little rain at large distances from the track. Whereas a primary determinant of tropical cyclone QPF errors is track forecast error, possible physical causes of track-relative differences lie with the physical parameterizations and initialization schemes for each of the models. This validation scheme can be used to identify model limitations and biases and guide future efforts toward model development and improvement. C1 NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. NOAA, NWS, SAIC, Environm Modeling Ctr, Norfolk, VA USA. RP Marchok, T (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM timothy.marchok@noaa.gov RI Rogers, Robert/I-4428-2013 NR 48 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 726 EP 746 DI 10.1175/WAF1024.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200ZZ UT WOS:000248802600003 ER PT J AU Fu, B Li, T Peng, MS Weng, F AF Fu, Bing Li, Tim Peng, Melinda S. Weng, Fuzhong TI Analysis of tropical cyclogenesis in the western north pacific for 2000 and 2001 SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; ROSSBY-WAVE RADIATION; CYCLONE FORMATION; PART I; EASTERLY WAVES; MONSOON; TYPHOON; MODULATION; ENERGETICS AB High-resolution satellite data and NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data are used to analyze 34 tropical cyclone ( TC) genesis events in the western North Pacific during the 2000 and 2001 typhoon seasons. Three types of synoptic-scale disturbances are identified in the pregenesis stages. They are tropical cyclone energy dispersions ( TCEDs), synoptic wave trains ( SWTs) unrelated to preexisting TCs, and easterly waves ( EWs). Among the total 34 TC genesis cases, 6 are associated with TCEDs, 11 cases are associated with SWTs, and 7 cases are associated with EWs. The analyses presented herein indicate that the occurrence of a TCED depends on the TC intensity and the background flow, with stronger cyclones and weaker background easterlies being more likely to induce a Rossby wave train. Not all Rossby wave trains would lead to the formation of a new TC. Among the 11 SWT cases, 4 cases are triggered by equatorial mixed Rossby-gravity waves. Cyclogenesis events associated with EWs are identified by the westward propagation of the perturbation kinetic energy and precipitation fields. For all three types of prestorm disturbances, it seems that scale contraction of the disturbances and convergence forcing from the large-scale environmental flow are possible mechanisms leading to the genesis. Further examination of the remaining 10 genesis cases with no significant prior synoptic-scale surface signals suggests three additional possible genesis scenarios: 1) a disturbance with upper-tropospheric forcing, 2) interaction of a preexisting TC with southwesterly monsoon flows, and 3) preexisting convective activity with no significant initial low-level vorticity. Tropical intraseasonal oscillations have a significant modulation on TC formation, especially in 2000. C1 Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Fu, B (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, 2525 Correa Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM bingf@hawaii.edu RI Fu, Bing/E-7034-2013; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 50 TC 49 Z9 56 U1 3 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 763 EP 780 DI 10.1175/WAF1013.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200ZZ UT WOS:000248802600005 ER PT J AU Knaff, JA Sampson, CR DeMaria, M Marchok, TP Gross, JM McAdie, CJ AF Knaff, John A. Sampson, Charles R. DeMaria, Mark Marchok, Timothy P. Gross, James M. McAdie, Colin J. TI Statistical tropical cyclone wind radii prediction using climatology and persistence SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID SIZE ESTIMATION ALGORITHMS; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE; ATLANTIC BASIN; FORECAST SKILL; PART I; INTENSITY; SCHEME; IMPROVEMENTS AB An operational model used to predict tropical cyclone wind structure in terms of significant wind radii ( i.e., 34-, 50-, and 64-kt wind radii, where 1 kt = 0.52 m s(-1)) at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/National Hurricane Center ( NHC) and the Department of Defense/Joint Typhoon Warning Center ( JTWC) is described. The statistical-parametric model employs aspects of climatology and persistence to forecast tropical cyclone wind radii through 5 days. Separate versions of the model are created for the Atlantic, east Pacific, and western North Pacific by statistically fitting a modified Rankine vortex, which is generalized to allow wavenumber-1 asymmetries, to observed values of tropical cyclone wind radii as reported by NHC and JTWC. Descriptions of the developmental data and methods used to formulate the model are given. A 2-yr verification and comparison with operational forecasts and an independently developed wind radii forecast method that also employs climatology and persistence suggests that the statistical-parametric model does a good job of forecasting wind radii. The statistical-parametric model also provides reliable operational forecasts that serve as a baseline for evaluating the skill of operational forecasts and other wind radii forecast methods in these tropical cyclone basins. C1 Colorado State Univ, CIRA, NOAA, NESDIS Reg Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. NOAA, NESDIS, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. NOAA, OAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Trop Predict Ctr, Miami, FL USA. RP Knaff, JA (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, NOAA, NESDIS Reg Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Campus Delivery 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM john.knaff@noaa.gov RI Knaff, John /F-5599-2010; Sampson, Charles/F-5684-2010; DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 OI Knaff, John /0000-0003-0427-1409; NR 32 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 781 EP 791 DI 10.1175/WAF1026.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200ZZ UT WOS:000248802600006 ER PT J AU Brown, RA Niziol, TA Donaldson, NR Joe, PI Wood, VT AF Brown, Rodger A. Niziol, Thomas A. Donaldson, Norman R. Joe, Paul I. Wood, Vincent T. TI Improved detection using negative elevation angles for mountaintop WSR-88Ds. Part III: Simulations of shallow convective activity over and around Lake Ontario SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID EFFECT SNOW; STORMS AB During the winter, lake-effect snowstorms that form over Lake Ontario represent a significant weather hazard for the populace around the lake. These storms, which typically are only 2 km deep, frequently can produce narrow swaths ( 20-50 km wide) of heavy snowfall ( 2-5 cm h(-1) or more) that extend 50-75 km inland over populated areas. Subtle changes in the low-altitude flow direction can mean the difference between accumulations that last for 1-2 h and accumulations that last 24 h or more at a given location. Therefore, it is vital that radars surrounding the lake are able to detect the presence and strength of these shallow storms. Starting in 2002, the Canadian operational radars on the northern side of the lake at King City, Ontario, and Franktown, Ontario, began using elevation angles of as low as -0.1 degrees and 0.0 degrees, respectively, during the winter to more accurately estimate snowfall rates at the surface. Meanwhile, Weather Surveillance Radars-1988 Doppler in New York State on the southern and eastern sides of the lake Buffalo ( KBUF), Binghamton ( KBGM), and Montague (KTYX)-all operate at 0.5 degrees and above. KTYX is located on a plateau that overlooks the lake from the east at a height of 0.5 km. With its upward-pointing radar beams, KTYX's detection of shallow lake-effect snowstorms is limited to the eastern quarter of the lake and surrounding terrain. The purpose of this paper is to show-through simulations-the dramatic increase in snowstorm coverage that would be possible if KTYX were able to scan downward toward the lake's surface. Furthermore, if KBUF and KBGM were to scan as low as 0.2 degrees, detection of at least the upper portions of lake-effect storms over Lake Ontario and all of the surrounding land area by the five radars would be complete. Overlake coverage in the lower half ( 0-1 km) of the typical lake-effect snowstorm would increase from about 40% to about 85%, resulting in better estimates of snowfall rates in landfalling snowbands over a much broader area. C1 NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Forecast Off, Buffalo, NY USA. Meteorol Serv Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. RP Brown, RA (reprint author), NOAA, OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM rodger.brown@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 839 EP 852 DI 10.1175/WAF1019.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200ZZ UT WOS:000248802600010 ER PT J AU Brunner, JC Ackerman, SA Bachmeier, AS Rabin, RM AF Brunner, Jason C. Ackerman, Steven A. Bachmeier, A. Scott Rabin, Robert M. TI A quantitative analysis of the enhanced-V feature in relation to severe weather SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID OKLAHOMA TORNADIC STORMS; UPPER-LEVEL STRUCTURE; CLOUD-TOP STRUCTURE; SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; ENVIRONMENTAL SATELLITES; THUNDERSTORM; GENERATION; DYNAMICS AB Early enhanced-V studies used 8-km ground-sampled distance and 30-min temporal-sampling Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite ( GOES) infrared ( IR) imagery. In contrast, the ground-sampled distance of current satellite imagery is 1 km for low earth orbit ( LEO) satellite IR imagery. This improved spatial resolution is used to detect and investigate quantitative parameters of the enhanced-V feature. One of the goals of this study is to use the 1-km-resolution LEO data to help understand the impact of higher-resolution GOES data ( GOES-R) when it becomes available. A second goal is to use the LEO data available now to provide better severe storm information than GOES when it is available. This study investigates the enhanced-V feature observed with 1-km-resolution satellite imagery as an aid for severe weather warning forecasters by comparing with McCann's enhanced-V study. Therefore, verification statistics such as the probability of detection, false alarm ratio, and critical success index were calculated. Additionally, the importance of upper-level winds to severe weather occurrence will be compared with that of the quantitative parameters of the enhanced-V feature. The main goal is to provide a basis for the development of an automated detection algorithm for enhanced-V features from the results in this study. Another goal is to examine daytime versus nighttime satellite overpass distributions with the enhanced-V feature. C1 Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Brunner, JC (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM jasonb@ssec.wisc.edu RI Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011 OI Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269 NR 30 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 853 EP 872 DI 10.1175/WAF1022.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200ZZ UT WOS:000248802600011 ER PT J AU Zapotocny, TH Jung, JA Le Marshall, JF Treadon, RE AF Zapotocny, Tom H. Jung, James A. Le Marshall, John F. Treadon, Russ E. TI A two-season impact study of satellite and in situ data in the NCEP global data assimilation system SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-METEOROLOGICAL-CENTER; FORECAST SYSTEM; 4-SEASON IMPACT; POES DATA; MODEL; STRATOSPHERE; RAWINSONDE; PREDICTION AB Observing system experiments are used to quantify the contributions to the forecast made by conventional in situ and remotely sensed satellite data. The impact of each data type is assessed by comparing the analyses and forecasts based on an observing system using all data types. The analysis and forecast model used for these observing system experiments is the National Centers for Environmental Prediction ( NCEP) Global Data Assimilation/Forecast System ( GDAS/GFS). The case studies chosen consist of 45-day periods during January-February 2003 and August-September 2003. During these periods, a T254-64 layer version of NCEP's Global Spectral Model was used. The control run utilizes NCEP's operational database and consists of all data types routinely assimilated in the GDAS. The two experimental runs have either all the conventional in situ data denied ( NoCon) or all the remotely sensed satellite data denied ( NoSat). Differences between the control and experimental runs are accumulated over the 45-day periods and analyzed to demonstrate the forecast impact of these data types through 168 h. Anomaly correlations, forecast impacts, and hurricane track forecasts are evaluated for both experiments. Anomaly correlations of geopotential height are evaluated over the polar caps and midlatitudes of both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres for spectral waves 1-20. Forecast impacts related to conventional meteorological parameters are evaluated. The parameters examined include geopotential height, precipitable water, temperature, the u component of the wind, wind vector differences, and relative humidity. Comparisons are made on multiple pressure levels extending from 10 to 1000 hPa. Hurricane track forecasts are evaluated during August and September for both the Atlantic and eastern Pacific basins. The results demonstrate a positive forecast impact from both the conventional in situ and remotely sensed satellite data during both seasons in both hemispheres. The positive forecast impacts from the conventional and satellite data are of similar magnitude in the Northern Hemisphere; however, the contribution to forecast quality from satellite data is considerably larger than the conventional data in the Southern Hemisphere. The importance of satellite data also generally increases at longer forecast times relative to conventional data. Finally, the accuracy of hurricane track forecasts benefits from the inclusion of both conventional and satellite data. C1 Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. Univ Wisconsin, Space Sci & Engn Ctr, Madison, WI USA. Joint Ctr Satellite Date Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Jung, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Sci, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM jim.jung@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 44 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD AUG PY 2007 VL 22 IS 4 BP 887 EP 909 DI 10.1175/WAF1025.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 200ZZ UT WOS:000248802600013 ER PT J AU Stone, RS Anderson, GP Andrews, E Dutton, EG Shettle, EP AF Stone, R. S. Anderson, G. P. Andrews, E. Dutton, E. G. Shettle, E. P. TI Incursions and radiative impact of Asian dust in northern Alaska SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ARCTIC HAZE; AEROSOL; ALBEDO; CLOUDS; POLLUTION; SURFACE; MODELS AB The Arctic region is sensitive to incursions of aerosols that affect its radiation balance, directly through interactions with solar and terrestrial radiation and indirectly as cloud condensation nuclei. During spring 2002 dust was transported from the Gobi desert passing over instrumented field sites near Barrow, Alaska, providing the opportunity to measure the dust properties. Empirical determinations of the direct radiative forcing by dust were used to corroborate simulations made using the Moderate Resolution Transmittance radiative transfer code, MODTRAN(TM) 5. During sunlit periods, dust cools the surface while warming those layers in which it resides, increasing atmospheric stability. At night, dust layers tend to cool while the surface warms slightly due to infrared emissions from the dust layer. C1 Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. Hanscom AFB, Air Force Res Lab, Space Vehicles Directorate, Hanscom AFB, MA USA. Naval Res Lab, Remote Sensing Div, Washington, DC USA. Spectral Sci Inc, Burlington, MA USA. RP Stone, RS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM robert.stone@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JUL 31 PY 2007 VL 34 IS 14 AR L14815 DI 10.1029/2007GL029878 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 198AE UT WOS:000248598600003 ER PT J AU Sui, CH Tsay, CT Li, XF AF Sui, Chung-Hsiung Tsay, Ching-Tung Li, Xiaofan TI Convective - stratiform rainfall separation by cloud content SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION EFFICIENCY; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; RESOLVING MODEL; TROPICAL WATER; MESOSCALE; RADAR; HEAT; PARAMETERIZATION; CLASSIFICATION AB [1] A method is proposed to separate the convective component of the precipitation from the remainder based on threshold values of vertically integrated content of ice clouds (ice water path, IWP), water clouds (liquid water path, LWP), and their ratio (cloud ratio). These cloud variables can be retrieved from satellite measurements and are physically linked to the cloud microphysics as demonstrated by an analysis of simulated cloud microphysics budgets in a two-dimensional cloud-resolving model subject to the imposed forcing from the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE). Our analysis suggests that rainfall can be designated convective when the corresponding value of cloud ratio < 0.2 or the value of IWP > 2.55 mm. The remaining grids are classified as mixed and stratiform when the corresponding range of cloud ratio is 0.2-1.0 and greater than 1, respectively. The method is evaluated by the vertical velocity (w) data. The frequency distribution of w shows that w in the convective region has a wide distribution of w, with maximum values exceeding 15 m s(-1). In the designated stratiform region, the distribution is narrow, with absolute values of w confined within 5 m s(-1). The statistics of w and the budgets of cloud microphysics are consistent with corresponding physical characteristics of the convective and stratiform regions of precipitation. The consideration of features like fractional cloud covers, rainrates, w profiles, and the corresponding wave response leads us to regard the mixed and stratiform regions as the non-convective region. C1 Natl Cent Univ, Inst Hydrol Sci, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jhongli, Taiwan. NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Sui, CH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Hydrol Sci, 38 Wu Chuan Li, Jhongli 32001, Taiwan. EM sui@cc.ncu.edu.tw RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014; OI SUI, CHUNG-HSIUNG/0000-0003-2842-5660 NR 39 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 31 PY 2007 VL 112 IS D14 AR D14213 DI 10.1029/2006JD008082 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 198AM UT WOS:000248599400009 ER PT J AU Basu, S Satija, SK AF Basu, S. Satija, S. K. TI In-situ X-ray reflectivity study of alkane films grown from the vapor phase SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LIQUID NORMAL-ALKANES; SIO2 SURFACE; INTERFACES; DOTRIACONTANE; TRIACONTANE AB We carried out in-situ X-ray reflectivity study of nine n-alkane chains (CnH2n+2) on Si substrate, n in the range of 17-30. These films formed under vacuum at equilibrium vapor pressure of the respective alkane molecule. For all the alkanes studied we found a bilayer structure on the substrate, a higher density vertical layer at the air-film interface with the layer thickness equal to the all-trans length of the respective molecule, and a lower density layer below it with the molecules lying horizontal on the substrate. This model was earlier proposed for C32 films on Si by Volkmann et al.(11) We observe that this model can fit the entire range of data from C17 to C30 in our experiments. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Basu, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD JUL 31 PY 2007 VL 23 IS 16 BP 8331 EP 8335 DI 10.1021/la062517f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 192UW UT WOS:000248229900010 PM 17602677 ER PT J AU Sereenonchai, K Saetear, P Amornthammarong, N Uraisin, K Wilairat, P Motomizu, S Nacapricha, D AF Sereenonchai, K. Saetear, P. Amornthammarong, N. Uraisin, K. Wilairat, P. Motomizu, S. Nacapricha, D. TI Membraneless vaporization unit for direct analysis of solid sample SO ANALYTICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE membraneless vaporization; direct analysis; solid analysis; carbonate; carbon dioxide ID FLOW-INJECTION ANALYSIS; GAS-DIFFUSION UNIT; TOTAL CARBONATE; IODINE; SEPARATION; DIOXIDE; FOOD AB A new apparatus, called 'membraneless vaporization' (MBL-VP) unit was designed and developed for direct analysis of solid samples. Solid analyte was converted into a gaseous form which then reacts with an indicator reagent. Change in absorbance was used to quantitate the analyte. Stirring with a magnetic bar was employed to facilitate the evaporation of the gas. Unlike the pervaporation technique, hydrophobic membrane was not required for this MBL-VP technique. Application of the membraneless technique for direct determination of calcium carbonate in calcium supplements, has shown to be very precise (R.S.D. = 2.5% for 0.16 mmol CO32-), with detection limit of 0.5 mg CaCO3. Results by this method agreed well with flame atomic absorption spectrometric method. Sample throughput was 20 samples h(-1). (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Flow Innovat Res Sci & Technol Labs, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div AOML, Miami, FL 33149 USA. Okayama Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Okayama 7008530, Japan. RP Nacapricha, D (reprint author), Mahidol Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Chem, Flow Innovat Res Sci & Technol Labs, Rama 6 Rd, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. EM dnacapricha@gmail.com RI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/A-5752-2011 OI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/0000-0003-1677-1865 NR 20 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0003-2670 J9 ANAL CHIM ACTA JI Anal. Chim. Acta PD JUL 30 PY 2007 VL 597 IS 1 BP 157 EP 162 DI 10.1016/j.aca.2007.06.036 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 199BY UT WOS:000248672400022 PM 17658326 ER PT J AU Alldredge, LMB Woicik, JC Chang, W Kirchoefer, SW Pond, JM AF Alldredge, L. M. B. Woicik, J. C. Chang, Wontae Kirchoefer, Steven W. Pond, Jeffrey M. TI Spectroscopic determination of phase in tetragonally strained Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 films at room temperature SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE DIELECTRIC-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; BATIO3; CONSTANT; DIAGRAMS; EPITAXY AB Sputter-deposited Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3 thin films on MgO(001) substrates with either in-plane (c < a) or out-of-plane (c>a) tetragonal lattice structure distortions were characterized by polarization-dependent Ti K-edge x-ray absorption fine-structure (XAFS) spectroscopy and microwave dielectric measurements. Anisotropy between the in-plane and out-of-plane directions in the films as determined by XAFS provided evidence of spontaneous polarization, and the anisotropy varied with the type of structural distortion. These results explain microwave measurements in which the dielectric properties were significantly affected by lattice distortions and exhibited hysteresis in the in-plane dielectric constant with dc bias at room temperature, suggesting the presence of permanent dipoles. C1 USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Alldredge, LMB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM lisa.alldredge@nrl.navy.mil NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 AR 052909 DI 10.1063/1.2766668 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 197ZJ UT WOS:000248595800082 ER PT J AU Xiong, HD Wang, WY Li, QL Richter, CA Suehle, JS Hong, WK Lee, T Fleetwood, DM AF Xiong, Hao D. Wang, Wenyong Li, Qiliang Richter, Curt A. Suehle, John S. Hong, Woong-Ki Lee, Takhee Fleetwood, Daniel M. TI Random telegraph signals in n-type ZnO nanowire field effect transistors at low temperature SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE; HIGH-K GATE; 1/F NOISE; SUBMICROMETER MOSFETS; CARBON NANOTUBES; INTERFACE; DEFECTS; FLUCTUATIONS; DIELECTRICS; DEVICES AB Single-crystal zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires have been fabricated as field effect transistors (FETs). The characteristics of low frequency noise in the drain current of n-type ZnO FETs have been investigated through random telegraph signals (RTSs) at 4.2 K. At room temperature, the noise power spectra have a classic 1/f dependence with a Hooge parameter that is similar to 5x10(-3). At 4.2 K, the device's noise spectra change from 1/f to Lorentzian type, and the current traces as a function of time show RTSs. The channel current RTSs are attributed to correlated carrier number and mobility fluctuation due to the trapping and emission of carriers by discrete border traps. At certain bias conditions, the current in the channel shows three-level switching events with amplitudes as high as 40%, from which two individual defects with energies close to the Fermi level in the ZnO channel can be distinguished. (c) 2007 American Institute of Physics. C1 NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Xiong, HD (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bureau Dr,MS 8120, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hao.xiong@nist.gov; wenyong.wang@nist.gov RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2007 VL 91 IS 5 AR 053107 DI 10.1063/1.2761254 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 197ZJ UT WOS:000248595800092 ER PT J AU Lamy, F Kaiser, J Arz, HW Hebbeln, D Ninnemann, U Timm, O Timmermann, A Toggweiler, JR AF Lamy, Frank Kaiser, Jerome Arz, Helge W. Hebbeln, Dierk Ninnemann, Ulysses Timm, Oliver Timmermann, Axel Toggweiler, J. R. TI Modulation of the bipolar seesaw in the southeast pacific during Termination 1 SO EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE paleooceanography; Termination 1; Southeast Pacific; bipolar seesaw; alkenones ID LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ICE-SHEET; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; MARINE RECORD; CARBON-CYCLE; KYR BP; DEGLACIATION; OCEAN AB The termination of the last ice age (Termination 1; T I) is crucial for our understanding of global climate change and for the validation of climate models. There are still a number of open questions regarding for example the exact timing and the mechanisms involved in the initiation of deglaciation and the subsequent interhemispheric pattern of the warming. Our study is based on a well-dated and high-resolution alkenone-based sea surface temperature (SST) record from the SE-Pacific off southern Chile (Ocean Drilling Project Site 1233) showing that deglacial warming at the northern margin of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current system (ACC) began shortly after 19,000 years BP (19 kyr BP). The timing is largely consistent with Antarctic ice-core records but the initial warming in the SE-Pacific is more abrupt suggesting a direct and immediate response to the slowdown of the Atlantic thermohaline circulation through the bipolar seesaw mechanism. This response requires a rapid transfer of the Atlantic signal to the SE-Pacific without involving the thermal inertia of the Southern Ocean that may contribute to the substantially more gradual deglacial temperature rise seen in Antarctic ice-cores. A very plausible mechanism for this rapid transfer is a seesaw-induced change of the coupled ocean-atmosphere system of the ACC and the southern westerly wind belt. In addition, modelling results suggest that insolation changes and the deglacial CO(2) rise induced a substantial SST increase at our site location but with a gradual warming structure. The similarity of the two-step rise in our proxy SSTs and CO(2) over T I strongly demands for a forcing mechanism influencing both, temperature and CO(2). As SSTs at our coring site are particularly sensitive to latitudinal shifts of the ACC/southern westerly wind belt system, we conclude that such latitudinal shifts may substantially affect the upwelling of deepwater masses in the Southern Ocean and thus the release Of CO(2) to the atmosphere as suggested by the conceptual model of [Toggweiler, JR., Rusell, J.L., Carson, S.R., 2006. Midlatitude westerlies, atmospheric CO(2), and climate change during ice ages. Paleoceanography 21. doi: 10. 1029/2005PA001154]. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V.. All rights reserved. C1 Afred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. GeoForschungsZentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. Univ Bremen, MARUM Ctr Marine Environm Sci, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. Univ Bergen, Bjerknes Ctr Climate Res, N-5007 Bergen, Norway. Univ Hawaii Manoa, SOEST, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Lamy, F (reprint author), Afred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Am Alten Hafen 26, D-27568 Bremerhaven, Germany. EM flamy@awi-bremerhdven.de RI Timmermann, Axel /F-4977-2011; Arz, Helge/A-6659-2013; Hebbeln, Dierk/P-9766-2016; OI Timmermann, Axel /0000-0003-0657-2969; Hebbeln, Dierk/0000-0001-5099-6115; Lamy, Frank/0000-0001-5952-1765 NR 63 TC 95 Z9 97 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-821X J9 EARTH PLANET SC LETT JI Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. PD JUL 30 PY 2007 VL 259 IS 3-4 BP 400 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.04.040 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 197DX UT WOS:000248535300014 ER PT J AU Fang, XH Ridley, AJ Liemohn, MW Kozyra, JU Evans, DS AF Fang, Xiaohua Ridley, Aaron J. Liemohn, Michael W. Kozyra, Janet U. Evans, David S. TI Global 30-240 keV proton precipitation in the 17-18 April 2002 geomagnetic storms: 3. Impact on the ionosphere and thermosphere SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE IONOSPHERE; AURORAL ION PRECIPITATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; NITRIC-OXIDE; STATISTICAL-MODEL; IMAGE-FUV; IONIZATION; MAGNETOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; ELECTRONS AB NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites 30-240 keV proton precipitation measurements in the 17-18 April 2002 geomagnetic storms are used with a Monte Carlo ion transport model to obtain ionization and heating rates that are subsequently fed into the Global Ionosphere Thermosphere Model to investigate the proton impact on the ionosphere and thermosphere. Simulation results show that after the addition of proton precipitation in a moderate geomagnetic storm (specifically, the one during mid-April 2002), there are places at low altitudes (100-120 km) on the nightside undergoing significant increases in electron and nitric oxide (NO) densities. The enhancement can be as large as several factors or even by an order of magnitude. Moreover, the temporal profiles of the enhancement in ionospheric electron densities demonstrate a direct correlation with proton precipitation imposed on the topside boundary, and there is no integral effect. This is in contrast with a continuous buildup process illustrated in the time variation of the thermospheric NO density enhancement because NO at these altitudes has a long lifetime. In addition, by including high-energy precipitating protons in a global ionosphere thermosphere coupled model, significant changes take place in the ion convection (locally around +/- 20%) and in the neutral winds (locally around +/- 40%). This study represents the first attempt to understand the global influence of proton precipitation on the ionosphere and thermosphere using in situ observational data. C1 Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. NOAA, Space Environm Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Fang, XH (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Space Phys Res Lab, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM xhfang@umich.edu; ridley@umich.edu; liemohn@umich.edu; jukozyra@umich.edu; david.s.evans@noaa.gov RI Fang, Xiaohua/C-2773-2008; Liemohn, Michael/H-8703-2012; Ridley, Aaron/F-3943-2011 OI Fang, Xiaohua/0000-0002-6584-2837; Liemohn, Michael/0000-0002-7039-2631; Ridley, Aaron/0000-0001-6933-8534 NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD JUL 27 PY 2007 VL 112 IS A7 AR A07310 DI 10.1029/2006JA012144 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 195QF UT WOS:000248426000004 ER PT J AU Dimitrov, IK Daniilidis, ND Elbaum, C Lynn, JW Ling, XS AF Dimitrov, I. K. Daniilidis, N. D. Elbaum, C. Lynn, J. W. Ling, X. S. TI Peak effect in polycrystalline vortex matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID 1ST-ORDER PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MIXED-STATE; MAGNETOACOUSTIC ATTENUATION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; ELASTIC THEORY; FLUX LATTICES; SUPERCONDUCTORS; FIELD; NB AB We report a study of the peak-effect phase diagram of a strongly disordered type-II superconductor V-21 at. %Ti using ac magnetic susceptibility and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). In this system, the peak effect appears only at fields higher than 3.4 T. The sample is characterized by strong atomic disorder. Vortex states with field-cooled thermal histories show that both deep in the mixed state, as well as close to the peak effect, there exist no long-range orientationally ordered vortex lattices. The SANS scattering radial widths reveal vortex states ordered in the sub-mu m scale. We conjecture that the peak effect in this system is a remnant of the Bragg glass disordering transition, but occurs on submicron length scales due to the presence of strong atomic disorder on larger length scales. C1 Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ling, XS (reprint author), Brown Univ, Dept Phys, Providence, RI 02912 USA. EM xsling@brown.edu RI Ling, Xinsheng/A-9219-2008 NR 28 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD JUL 27 PY 2007 VL 99 IS 4 AR 047001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.99.047001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 194LL UT WOS:000248345800052 PM 17678390 ER EF