FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Cokelet, ED Tervalon, N Bellingham, JG AF Cokelet, Edward D. Tervalon, Nicole Bellingham, James G. TI Hydrography of the West Spitsbergen Current, Svalbard Branch: Autumn 2001 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MARGINAL ICE-ZONE; ARCTIC-OCEAN; FRAM STRAIT; NANSEN BASIN; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; ATLANTIC WATER; BARENTS SEA; HALOCLINE; NORTH; LAYER AB The Atlantic inflow is the primary source of water and heat to the Arctic Ocean. A large portion enters through Fram Strait where it splits into the Yermak and Svalbard Branches. In October to November 2001 the USCGC Healy occupied five oceanographic transects across the Svalbard Branch west and north of Spitsbergen. Temperature and salinity sections show the warm, salty Atlantic Water cooling and freshening as it flows along the continental slope for 553 km. The temperature in the upper 500 m of the water column decreased by 0.25 degrees C/(100 km) implying a heat flux across the sea surface of up to 520 W/m(2) if one assumes a nominal current of speed of 0.1 m/s. A temperature-salinity (T-S) analysis shows that the shape of the T-S curves can be explained in terms of the ratio of the atmospheric-to-ice-melt heat flux. The observations imply that ice melt accounts for progressively more surface cooling as the flow moves toward the Arctic Ocean. An autonomous underwater vehicle completed a vertical section in the region of maximum water mass gradient and revealed layer interleaving in fine detail. Data from this cruise extend a long time series of Atlantic layer source temperature beginning in 1910 (Saloranta and Haugan, 2001). The extended observations show that after the temperature of the Atlantic layer inflow reached a peak in 1992, it cooled to a minimum in 1998 and rose again through 2001. C1 [Cokelet, Edward D.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Tervalon, Nicole; Bellingham, James G.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Cokelet, ED (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM edward.d.cokelet@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C1 AR C01006 DI 10.1029/2007JC004150 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 251HL UT WOS:000252363900001 ER PT J AU Feierabend, KJ Zhu, L Talukdar, RK Burkholder, JB AF Feierabend, Karl J. Zhu, Lei Talukdar, R. K. Burkholder, James B. TI Rate Coefficients for the OH+HC(O)C(O)H (glyoxal) Reaction between 210 and 390 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID OH RADICAL REACTIONS; GAS-PHASE; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; RATE CONSTANTS; INITIATED OXIDATION; HYDROXYL RADICALS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; PRODUCT YIELDS; MECHANISM; PHOTOLYSIS AB Rate coefficients, k(1)(T), over the temperature range of 210-390 K are reported for the gas-phase reaction OH + HC(O)C(O)H (glyoxal) -> products at pressures between 45 and 300 Torr (He, N-2). Rate coefficients were determined under pseudo-first-order conditions in OH using pulsed laser photolysis production of OH radicals coupled with OH detection by laser-induced fluorescence. The rate coefficients obtained were independent of pressure and bath gas. The room-temperature rate coefficient, k(1)(296 K), was determined to be (9.15 +/- 0.8) x 10(-12) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). k(1)(T) shows a negative temperature dependence with a slight deviation from Arrhenius behavior that is reproduced over the temperature range included in this study by k(1)(T) = [(6.6 +/- 0.6) x 10(-18)]T-2[exp([820 +/- 30]/T)] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). For atmospheric modeling purposes, a fit to an Arrhenius expression over the temperature range included in this study that is most relevant to the atmosphere, 210-296 K, yields k(1)(T) = (2.8 +/- 0.7) x 10(-12) exp[(340 +/- 50)/T] cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) and reproduces the rate coefficient data very well. The quoted uncertainties in k(1)(T) are at the 95% confidence level (2 sigma) and include estimated systematic errors. Comparison of the present results with the single previous determination of k(1)(296 K) and a discussion of the reaction mechanism and non-Arrhenius temperature dependence are presented. C1 [Feierabend, Karl J.; Zhu, Lei; Talukdar, R. K.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Feierabend, Karl J.; Zhu, Lei; Talukdar, R. K.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; NR 43 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD JAN 10 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 1 BP 73 EP 82 DI 10.1021/jp076857.1 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 247ZY UT WOS:000252122300010 PM 18052049 ER PT J AU Yun, SI Lai, KC Briber, RM Teertstra, SJ Gauthier, M Bauer, BJ AF Yun, Seok Il Lai, Kai-Chi Briber, Robert M. Teertstra, Steven J. Gauthier, Mario Bauer, Barry J. TI Conformation of arborescent polymers in solution by small-angle neutron scattering: Segment density and core-shell morphology SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID HARD-SPHERE BEHAVIOR; INTERACTING PARTICLES; BRANCHED POLYMERS; DILUTE-SOLUTION; POLYSTYRENES; COPOLYMERS; TRANSFORMATION AB The radius of gyration (R-g) was determined as a function of generation number for arborescent polystyrenes with two different side chain mass average molecular mass (M-w approximate to 5000, 5K, versus 30 000, 30K) by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) measurements. The R-g values obtained were analyzed in terms of the Zimm-Stockmayer model for randomly branched polymers, the scaling relation R-g proportional to M-w(v), and the expansion factor alpha(s) = (R-g)(goodsolvent)/(R-g)(Theta solvent). The R-g and scaling exponent v = 0.26 +/- 0.01 found for G0 through G3 polymers with 5K side chains in cyclohexane-d correspond to the values predicted by the Zimm-Stockmayer model. The R-g for GO through G3 polymers with 30K side chains deviate from the model with v = 0.32 +/- 0.02, corresponding to v = 0.33 expected for hard spheres. Deuterated polystyrene (PS-d) side chains were grafted onto G2 and G3 polystyrene (PS) cores. These copolymers, G2PS-graft-PS-d and G3PS-graft-PS-d, were characterized as spheres with a well-defined PS core-PS-d shell structure by the SANS contrast matching method. The shape and the segment radial density profile of the core and shell for GPS-graft-PS-d were determined based on P(r) and Delta rho(r) obtained by indirect Fourier transformation and deconvolution methods (P(r), pair distance distribution function and Delta rho(r) = rho(r) - rho(solvent), scattering length density contrast profile). C1 [Yun, Seok Il] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Environm Res, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Yun, Seok Il] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Neutron Scattering, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Lai, Kai-Chi; Briber, Robert M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Teertstra, Steven J.; Gauthier, Mario] Univ Waterloo, Dept Chem, Polymer Res Inst, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Bauer, Barry J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yun, SI (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Inst Environm Res, PMB 1, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. RI Briber, Robert/A-3588-2012 OI Briber, Robert/0000-0002-8358-5942 NR 35 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 1 BP 175 EP 183 DI 10.1021/ma7021106 PG 9 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 246YZ UT WOS:000252045600025 ER PT J AU Sandberg, RL Song, CY Wachulak, PW Raymondson, DA Paul, A Amirbekian, B Lee, E Sakdinawat, AE La-O-Vorakiat, C Marconi, MC Menoni, CS Murnane, MM Rocca, JJ Kapteyn, HC Miao, JW AF Sandberg, Richard L. Song, Changyong Wachulak, Przemyslaw W. Raymondson, Daisy A. Paul, Ariel Amirbekian, Bagrat Lee, Edwin Sakdinawat, Anne E. La-O-Vorakiat, Chan Marconi, Mario C. Menoni, Carmen S. Murnane, Margaret M. Rocca, Jorge J. Kapteyn, Henry C. Miao, Jianwei TI High numerical aperture tabletop soft x-ray diffraction microscopy with 70-nm resolution SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE imaging; lensless; nanoscale; extreme-ultraviolet; ultrafast ID HIGH-HARMONIC GENERATION; COHERENT-LIGHT; LASER; PULSES AB Light microscopy has greatly advanced our understanding of nature. The achievable resolution, however, is limited by optical wavelengths to approximate to 200 nm. By using imaging and labeling technologies, resolutions beyond the diffraction limit can be achieved for specialized specimens with techniques such as near-field scanning optical microscopy, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, and photoactivated localization microscopy. Here, we report a versatile soft x-ray diffraction microscope with 70- to 90-nm resolution by using two different tabletop coherent soft x-ray sources-a soft x-ray laser and a high-harmonic source. We also use field curvature correction that allows high numerical aperture imaging and near-diffraction-limited resolution of 1.5 lambda. A tabletop soft x-ray diffraction microscope should find broad applications in biology, nano-science, and materials science because of its simple optical design, high resolution, large depth of field, 3D imaging capability, scalability to shorter wavelengths, and ultrafast temporal resolution. C1 [Sandberg, Richard L.; Raymondson, Daisy A.; Paul, Ariel; La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sandberg, Richard L.; Raymondson, Daisy A.; Paul, Ariel; La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sandberg, Richard L.; Raymondson, Daisy A.; Paul, Ariel; La-O-Vorakiat, Chan; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Song, Changyong; Amirbekian, Bagrat; Lee, Edwin; Miao, Jianwei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Phys & Astron, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Song, Changyong; Amirbekian, Bagrat; Lee, Edwin; Miao, Jianwei] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Calif NanoSyst Inst, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Wachulak, Przemyslaw W.; Marconi, Mario C.; Menoni, Carmen S.; Rocca, Jorge J.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Sakdinawat, Anne E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Ctr X Ray Opt, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Sakdinawat, Anne E.] Univ Calif San Francisco, Joint Grad Grp Bioengn, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Murnane, MM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM murnane@jila.colorado.edu RI Sandberg, Richard/F-8790-2011; Menoni, Carmen/B-4989-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; Wachulak, Przemyslaw/0000-0001-9853-7946 NR 23 TC 98 Z9 99 U1 2 U2 33 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD JAN 8 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 1 BP 24 EP 27 DI 10.1073/pnas.0710761105 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 252GP UT WOS:000252435300008 PM 18162534 ER PT J AU Lau, JW McMichael, RD Chung, SH Rantschler, JO Parekh, V Litvinov, D AF Lau, J. W. McMichael, R. D. Chung, S. H. Rantschler, J. O. Parekh, V. Litvinov, D. TI Microstructural origin of switching field distribution in patterned Co/Pd multilayer nanodots SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PERPENDICULAR MAGNETIC-ANISOTROPY; ENERGY BARRIER; MEDIA; FILMS; SUPERLATTICES AB We have identified an important microstructural origin of the switching field distribution (SFD) in patterned Co/Pd multilayer nanodots. In this study, we patterned a marked array of 115 nm Co/Pd nanodots on 50-nm-thick Si(3)N(4) substrate. We identified the dots with unusually small and large (>2 standard deviations of the mean) switching fields with magnetic force microscopy, followed by microstructural characterization of the same dots with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). From electron diffraction, we found that most nanodots with small switching fields have strong (200) spots, whereas those with large switching fields lack these spots. While bright-field TEM images reveal an average grain size of 7 nm, dark-field images of the (200) spots reveal on average, a single grain of >10 nm in lateral dimensions. Since we observed a direct correlation between strong (200) reflections and small reversal fields, we conclude that the largest grain in each nanodot, with an in-plane [001] is the likely cause for premature switching, which in turn defines the SFD of this array. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Lau, J. W.; McMichael, R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chung, S. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chung, S. H.] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rantschler, J. O.; Parekh, V.; Litvinov, D.] Univ Houston, Ctr Nanomagnet Syst, Houston, TX 77204 USA. RP Lau, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM june.lau@nist.gov RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; Lau, June/C-7509-2013; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 23 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 1 AR 012506 DI 10.1063/1.2822439 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 250FA UT WOS:000252284200096 ER PT J AU Willits, JT Weiner, AM Cundiff, ST AF Willits, John T. Weiner, Andrew M. Cundiff, Steven T. TI Theory of rapid-update line-by-line pulse shaping SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID COMB AB Pulse shaping theory is extended to include rapid waveform update for line-by-line pulse shaping. The fundamental tradeoff between response speed and waveform fidelity is illustrated by several examples. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Willits, John T.; Weiner, Andrew M.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Willits, John T.; Weiner, Andrew M.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Willits, John T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Weiner, Andrew M.] Purdue Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Willits, JT (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 17 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JAN 7 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 1 BP 315 EP 327 DI 10.1364/OE.16.000315 PG 13 WC Optics SC Optics GA 249NG UT WOS:000252234800038 PM 18521163 ER PT J AU Brill, R Bushnell, P Schroff, S Seifert, R Galvin, M AF Brill, Richard Bushnell, Peter Schroff, Stuart Seifert, Rebecca Galvin, Megan TI Effects of anaerobic exercise accompanying catch-and-release fishing on blood-oxygen affinity of the sandbar shark (Carcharhinus plumbeus, Nardo) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acidosis; hematocrit; lactate; MCHC; red cell; swelling ID WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; PORT JACKSON SHARK; RED-CELL VOLUME; SQUALUS-ACANTHIAS; RAINBOW-TROUT; HETERODONTUS-PORTUSJACKSONI; TROPICAL ELASMOBRANCHS; DISSOCIATION CURVES; MEMBRANE-TRANSPORT; KATSUWONUS-PELAMIS AB Recovery from anaerobic exercise is thought to be prolonged in elasmobranchs because they lack several mechanisms for maintaining or increasing oxygen delivery that are present in teleosts. For example, teleosts increase hematocrit and maximal blood-oxygen carrying capacity through red cell ejection from the spleen. Teleosts also counteract the reduction in hemoglobin oxygen affinity resulting from metabolic acidosis through an adrenergic-mediated increase in red cell Na+-H+ exchanger activity. To begin to assess the consequences of anaerobic exercise accompanying catch-and-release fishing occurring within the estuarine nursery habitats of juvenile sandbar sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus, Nardo), we constructed blood-oxygen equilibrium curves using samples from individuals I h after capture by hook and line (exercise-stressed) and samples from fully-recovered animals maintained in a shore-side tank (control sharks). We also compared exercise-stressed and control sharks for hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, red cell count, intracellular pH, and nucleoside triphosphate concentration ([NTP]). In contrast to results from previous studies on elasmobranchs, we found an elevation in both hematocrit (approximate to 21%) and blood hemoglobin concentration (approximate to 10%) in exercise-stressed sharks. There was also clear evidence of red cell swelling. Mean red cell volume was approximate to 28% higher and mean cell hemoglobin concentration was approximate to 10% lower in exercise-stressed sharks. Most important, in spite of significant metabolic acidosis (0.3 pH units), blood from exercise-stressed sharks had an oxygen affinity equivalent to that of blood from control sharks. This was a direct consequence of intracellular pH being alkalinized. by approximately 0.15 pH units relative to plasma pH in exercise-stressed sharks. Our results using isolated hemoglobin solutions showed that the observed reduction (approximate to 15%) in intracellular [NTP] also contributed to the leftward shift in the oxygen equilibrium curves. As expected, we found sandbar shark red cells to be unresponsive to exogenous catecholamines. Regardless, sandbar sharks appear able to prevent the decrease in blood-oxygen affinity resulting from anaerobic exercise (and the concomitant decreases in plasma pH), as has been well-documented in teleosts. Our results suggest, therefore, that oxygen delivery following exhaustive exercise is not necessarily compromised in juvenile sandbar sharks, and that hook and line capture and subsequent release do not increase rates of mortality, although both are yet to be directly confirmed. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brill, Richard] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bushnell, Peter; Seifert, Rebecca; Galvin, Megan] Indiana Univ, Dept Biol Sci, South Bend, IN 46615 USA. [Schroff, Stuart] Pomona Coll, Dept Biol, Pomona, CA USA. RP Brill, R (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, POB 1346 Mail,Route 1208,Greate Rd Shipping,Glouc, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM rbrill@vims.edu NR 79 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD JAN 4 PY 2008 VL 354 IS 1 BP 132 EP 143 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2007.10.011 PG 12 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 254PQ UT WOS:000252599600013 ER PT J AU Perrin, WF AF Perrin, William F. TI In search of peer reviewers SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Perrin, William F.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Perrin, William F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Perrin, WF (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM william.perrin@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD JAN 4 PY 2008 VL 319 IS 5859 BP 32 EP 32 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247MM UT WOS:000252084000006 PM 18174416 ER PT J AU Lovejoy, S Tuck, AF Hovde, SJ Schertzer, D AF Lovejoy, S. Tuck, A. F. Hovde, S. J. Schertzer, D. TI Do stable atmospheric layers exist? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVE SPECTRA; UNIVERSAL SPECTRUM; TEMPERATURE; SHEETS AB The notion of stable atmospheric layers is a classical idealization used for understanding atmospheric dynamics and thermodynamics. Using state of the art drop sonde data and using conditional, dynamical and convective stability criteria we show that apparently stable layers are typically composed of a hierarchy of unstable layers themselves with embedded stable sublayers, and unstable sub-sub layers etc. i.e. in a Russian Matryoshka doll-like fractal hierarchy. We therefore argue that the notion of stable atmospheric layers is untenable and must be replaced by modern scaling notions. C1 [Tuck, A. F.; Hovde, S. J.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lovejoy, S.] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Schertzer, D.] Ecole Natl Ponts & Chaussees, Ctr Enseignement Rech Eau Ville Environm, F-77455 Marne La Vallee, France. RP Lovejoy, S (reprint author), NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lovejoy@physics.mcgill.ca RI Lovejoy, Shaun/E-8019-2011; Tuck, Adrian/F-6024-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Lovejoy, Shaun/0000-0002-9367-3137; Tuck, Adrian/0000-0002-2074-0538; NR 30 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 AR L01802 DI 10.1029/2007GL032122 PG 4 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 248UR UT WOS:000252183000005 ER PT J AU Miller, JB AF Miller, John B. TI Carbon cycle - Sources, sinks and seasons SO NATURE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Miller, John B.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miller, John B.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Miller, JB (reprint author), Univ Colorado, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.b.miller@noaa.gov NR 10 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD JAN 3 PY 2008 VL 451 IS 7174 BP 26 EP 27 DI 10.1038/451026a PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 247KZ UT WOS:000252079300022 PM 18172488 ER PT S AU Neff, W Andrews, A Wolfe, D AF Neff, W. Andrews, A. Wolfe, D. BE Mann, J Bingol, F Courtney, M Jorgensen, HE Lindelow, P Mikkelsen, T Pena, A Sjoholm, M Wagner, R TI Application of sodar to interpret CO2 and CO profiles and their dependence on boundary layer structure SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF BOUNDARY LAYER REMOTE SENSING SE IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing CY JUN 23-25, 2008 CL Tech Univ Denmark, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Tech Univ Denmark ID MIXING HEIGHT ESTIMATION; MESOSCALE VORTEX; COLORADO; MODEL AB The Boulder Atmospheric Observatory (BAO) tower was constructed and became operational in 1977. This 300-m tower, although originally supporting the development and improvement of ground-based remote sensing devices, has been used extensively in the study of the atmospheric boundary layer as well as plume dispersion and air quality. It was used in studies of the Denver Brown Cloud during the winters of 1987-1988 and 1996-1997. Located about 20 kin east from the foothills of the Rocky Mountains, it is subject to a wide range of weather conditions ranging from night-time drainage winds with a low-level jet structure, to down-slope wind storms and upslope snow storms. During the summer of 2007, three levels of CO2 and CO gas sampling (at 22, 100, and 300 in) were added as the tower became part of the NOAA ESRL/Global Monitoring Division CO2 tall-tower network. The tower's location in complex terrain and its proximity to urban areas will provide a number of challenges in the interpretation of the data it provides. In this paper, we will describe some of the history of the tower in past air quality studies, examples of its complex meteorological setting and initial examples comparing diurnal variation in CO2 and CO with boundary layer depths and structure observed with an acoustic sounder. C1 [Neff, W.; Andrews, A.; Wolfe, D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Neff, W (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1755-1307 J9 IOP C SER EARTH ENV PY 2008 VL 1 BP U19 EP U25 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BHW10 UT WOS:000256952700002 ER PT S AU Banta, RM Pichugina, YL Kelley, ND Jonkman, B Brewer, WA AF Banta, R. M. Pichugina, Y. L. Kelley, N. D. Jonkman, B. Brewer, W. A. BE Mann, J Bingol, F Courtney, M Jorgensen, HE Lindelow, P Mikkelsen, T Pena, A Sjoholm, M Wagner, R TI Doppler lidar measurements of the Great Plains low-level jet: Applications to wind energy SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF BOUNDARY LAYER REMOTE SENSING SE IOP Conference Series-Earth and Environmental Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing CY JUN 23-25, 2008 CL Tech Univ Denmark, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Tech Univ Denmark ID NOCTURNAL BOUNDARY-LAYER; CASES-99 AB The southerly low-level jet (LLJ) of the Great Plains of the United States is a recurrent flow feature of the nighttime boundary layer of the region, which has been identified as a region of high potential for wind energy. The acceleration of the LLJ after sunset produces an enhancement of the wind speed over daytime values, and provides a dependable resource for wind energy. On the negative side, occasional bursts of strong turbulence may be generated that can be of just the right frequency to excite strong oscillatory response in the turbine rotors, thereby accelerating the fatigue of the rotor parts. High resolution Doppler lidar has been used in two studies of the LLJ over the U.S. Great Plains. In this paper we show the usefulness of this remote sensing tool in documenting the mean and turbulent vertical structure, and the evolution of these vertical structures through entire nights. This leads to implications about potential usefulness of Doppler lidar in monitoring mean winds and turbulence in real time to aid in turbine operations. C1 [Banta, R. M.; Pichugina, Y. L.; Brewer, W. A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pichugina, Y. L.] Cooperat Inst Res Environ Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Kelley, N. D.; Jonkman, B.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. RP Banta, RM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM robert.banta@noaa.gov FU National Renewable Energy Research Laboratory (NREL); U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Interagency Agreement [DOE-AI36-03GO13094]; U.S. Army Research Office; Army Research Laboratory [43711-EV (CASES-99)]; CIRA Center for Geoscience/ Atmosphere Research; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program FX Field data acquisition and much of the analysis for this research were funded by the National Renewable Energy Research Laboratory (NREL) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Interagency Agreement DOE-AI36-03GO13094 (Lamar), and the U.S. Army Research Office (Dr. Walter Bach) of the Army Research Laboratory under Proposal No. 43711-EV (CASES-99) and CIRA Center for Geoscience/ Atmosphere Research. Analysis and manuscript preparation were also supported by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program. NR 15 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1755-1307 J9 IOP C SER EARTH ENV JI IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Envir. Sci. PY 2008 VL 1 DI 10.1088/1755-1307/1/1/012020 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BHW10 UT WOS:000256952700020 ER PT S AU Ostashev, VE Vecherin, SN Wilson, DK Ziemann, A Goedecke, GH AF Ostashev, V. E. Vecherin, S. N. Wilson, D. K. Ziemann, A. Goedecke, G. H. BE Mann, J Bingol, F Courtney, M Jorgensen, HE Lindelow, P Mikkelsen, T Pena, A Sjoholm, M Wagner, R TI Recent progress in acoustic tomography of the atmosphere SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF BOUNDARY LAYER REMOTE SENSING SE IOP Conference Series-Earth and Environmental Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing CY JUN 23-25, 2008 CL Tech Univ Denmark, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Tech Univ Denmark ID TRAVEL-TIME TOMOGRAPHY; DEPENDENT STOCHASTIC INVERSION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE-LAYER; TEMPERATURE; EXPLOSIONS; RECONSTRUCTION; ANIMALS; FIELD; WIND AB Acoustic tomography of the atmospheric surface layer is based on measurements of travel times of sound propagation among different pairs of sources and receivers usually located several meters above the ground on a horizontal scale of about 100 in. The measured travel times are used as input data in an inverse algorithm for reconstruction of temperature and wind velocity fields. Improved knowledge of these fields is important in boundary layer meteorology, theories of turbulence, and studies of electromagnetic and acoustic wave propagation in the atmosphere. In this paper, a short overview and current status of acoustic travel-time tomography of the atmosphere are presented. A brief description of a 3D array for acoustic tomography of the atmosphere which is being built at the Boulder Atmospheric Observatory is given. Furthermore, different inverse algorithms for reconstruction of temperature and velocity fields are discussed, including stochastic inversion and a recently developed time-dependent stochastic inversion. The latter inverse algorithm was used to reconstruct temperature and wind velocity fields in acoustic tomography experiments. Examples of the reconstructed fields are presented and discussed. C1 [Ostashev, V. E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ostashev, V. E.; Vecherin, S. N.; Goedecke, G. H.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Wilson, D. K.] US Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Ziemann, A.] US Army, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM vladimir.ostashev@noaa.gov RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 FU U.S. Army Research Office [W911NF-06-1-0007, DAAD19-03-1-0341] FX This material is partly based upon work that was supported by the U.S. Army Research Office under contracts W911NF-06-1-0007 and DAAD19-03-1-0341. 14th International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing IOP Publishing IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1 (2008) 012008 NR 41 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1755-1307 J9 IOP C SER EARTH ENV JI IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Envir. Sci. PY 2008 VL 1 DI 10.1088/1755-1307/1/1/012008 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BHW10 UT WOS:000256952700008 ER PT S AU Pichugina, YL Banta, RM Kelley, ND Brewer, WA Sandberg, SP Machol, JL Jonkman, BJ AF Pichugina, Y. L. Banta, R. M. Kelley, N. D. Brewer, W. A. Sandberg, S. P. Machol, J. L. Jonkman, B. J. BE Mann, J Bingol, F Courtney, M Jorgensen, HE Lindelow, P Mikkelsen, T Pena, A Sjoholm, M Wagner, R TI Remote sensing of the nocturnal boundary layer for Wind Energy applications SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF BOUNDARY LAYER REMOTE SENSING SE IOP Conference Series-Earth and Environmental Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing CY JUN 23-25, 2008 CL Tech Univ Denmark, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Tech Univ Denmark ID CASES-99 AB The fine temporal and spatial resolution of Doppler lidar observations has been highly effective in the study of wind and turbulence dynamic in the nocturnal boundary layer during Lamar Low-Level Project in 2003. The High-Resolution Doppler Lidar (HRDL), designed and developed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), measures range-resolved profiles of line-of sight (LOS) Doppler velocity and aerosol backscatter with a pulse repetition frequency of 200 Hz, velocity precision about 10 cm s(-1), and a very narrow beam width. The majority of the lidar-measured wind speed and variance profiles were derived using a vertical-scan mode and the application of a vertical binning technique. The profile data were used to calculate quantities important for wind energy applications, including turbulence intensity, wind and directional shear through the layer of the turbine rotor. Profiles of all quantities show a strong variation with height. The mean wind fields, the turbulence, and turbulence intensities show a good agreement with sonic anemometer sodar high confidence (high SNR) measurements. The ability of HRDL to provide continuous information about wind and turbulence conditions at the turbine height and above the range of the tower measurements made HRDL as a powerful instrument for studies of the nighttime boundary layer features. Such information is needed as turbine rotors continue to rise higher into the boundary layer. C1 [Pichugina, Y. L.; Machol, J. L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pichugina, Y. L.; Banta, R. M.; Kelley, N. D.; Brewer, W. A.; Sandberg, S. P.; Machol, J. L.] ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Kelley, N. D.; Jonkman, B. J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Natl Wind Technol Ctr, Golden, CO USA. RP Pichugina, YL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Yelena.Pichugina@noaa.gov RI Sandberg, Scott/I-4875-2013; Machol, Janet/D-5896-2016 OI Machol, Janet/0000-0002-0344-0314 FU U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DOE-AI36-03GO13094 (Lamar)]; U.S. Army Research Office (Dr.Walter Bach) of the Army Research Laboratory [43711-EV]; CIRA Center for Geoscience/ Atmosphere Research; NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program FX Field data acquisition and much of the analysis for this research were funded by the National Renewable Energy Research Laboratory (NREL) of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Interagency Agreement DOE-AI36-03GO13094 (Lamar), and the U.S. Army Research Office (Dr.Walter Bach) of the Army Research Laboratory under Proposal No. 43711-EV (CASES-99) and CIRA Center for Geoscience/ Atmosphere Research. Analysis and manuscript preparation were also supported by the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere Program. We thank our colleagues Raul Alvarez, Lisa Darby, Joanne George, Jennifer Keane, Janet Machol, Brandi McCarty, Andreas Muschinski, Ron Richter, Scott Sandberg, and Ann Weickmann from ESRL, and the following from NREL: J. Adams, Dave Jager, Mari Shirazi and S. Wilde. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1755-1307 J9 IOP C SER EARTH ENV JI IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Envir. Sci. PY 2008 VL 1 DI 10.1088/1755-1307/1/1/012048 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BHW10 UT WOS:000256952700048 ER PT S AU Wilson, DK Ostashev, VE Goedecke, GH AF Wilson, D. Keith Ostashev, Vladimir E. Goedecke, George H. BE Mann, J Bingol, F Courtney, M Jorgensen, HE Lindelow, P Mikkelsen, T Pena, A Sjoholm, M Wagner, R TI Quasi-wavelet formulations of turbulence and wave scattering SO 14TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF BOUNDARY LAYER REMOTE SENSING SE IOP Conference Series-Earth and Environmental Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 14th International Symposium for the Advancement of Boundary Layer Remote Sensing CY JUN 23-25, 2008 CL Tech Univ Denmark, Copenhagen, DENMARK HO Tech Univ Denmark ID ATMOSPHERIC SURFACE-LAYER; LOCAL-STRUCTURE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; INTERMITTENCY; MODEL; FLUCTUATIONS; PROPAGATION; FLUID AB Quasi-wavelets (QWs) are particle-like entities similar to customary wavelets in that they are based on translations and dilations of a spatially localized parent function. The positions and orientations are, however, normally taken to be random. Random fields such as turbulence may be usefully represented as ensembles of QWs with appropriately selected size distributions, number densities, and amplitudes. This paper provides an overview of previous results concerning QWs. The points of emphasis are the following. (1) Self-similar ensembles of QWs with rotation rates scaling according to Kolmogorov's hypotheses naturally produce classical inertial-subrange and von Karman-like spectra. (2) The spatially localized nature of QWs can be advantageous in wave-scattering calculations and other applications. The scattered wavefield from a single QW can be readily derived and then integrated over scale and volume to obtain expressions for the total scattering cross section. (3) Anistropy, and momentum and heat transfer, in surface-layer turbulence can be described by introducing preferred orientations and correlations among QWs representing temperature and velocity perturbations. (4) Unlike Fourier modes, QWs can be naturally arranged in a spatially intermittent manner. Models for both local (intrinsic) and global intermittency are described. C1 [Wilson, D. Keith] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Ostashev, Vladimir E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ostashev, Vladimir E.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM D.Keith.Wilson@usace.army.mil RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1755-1307 J9 IOP C SER EARTH ENV JI IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Envir. Sci. PY 2008 VL 1 DI 10.1088/1755-1307/1/1/012041 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BHW10 UT WOS:000256952700041 ER PT S AU Hardesty, RM Brewer, WA Tucker, SC Banta, RM AF Hardesty, R. Michael Brewer, W. Alan Tucker, Sara C. Banta, Robert M. BE Dreischuh, T Taskova, E Borisova, E Serafetinides, A TI Evolution and new advances in Doppler lidar for atmospheric studies SO 15TH INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL ON QUANTUM ELECTRONICS: LASER PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference of the 15th International School on Quantum Electronics - Laser Physics and Applications CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Bourgas, BULGARIA SP Bulgarian Acad Sci, Inst Elect, ASO Sofia - Austrian Sci & Res Liaison off, HORIBA Jobin Yvon, Optella Ltd, Coherent Inc DE Doppler Lidar; Winds; Coherent Lidar; Direct Detection Lidar; Stable Boundary Layer; Moisture Transport AB Doppler lidar continues to advance as a useful method for remote sensing of atmospheric winds. Applications from mobile and ship-based platforms have demonstrated the impact of coherent lidar observations for studying the structure of the stable and marine boundary layers. Airborne deployments enable observations over extended areas, and were used to measure water vapor transport over the US Great Plains. Recently, smaller coherent lidars operating at 1.6 mu m have become commercially available. A new direct detection lidar currently will enable airborne observations in aerosol-sparse atmospheric regions. Efforts to extend Doppler lidar to space are underway in Europe, with a Doppler lidar winds mission planned for late 2010. C1 [Hardesty, R. Michael; Brewer, W. Alan; Banta, Robert M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hardesty, RM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mike.hardesty@noaa.gov RI Hardesty, Robert/H-9844-2013; Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7241-0 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7027 AR 70270T DI 10.1117/12.822502 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics, Applied; Spectroscopy SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Physics; Spectroscopy GA BVR72 UT WOS:000292594300029 ER PT S AU Yan, B Gharavi, H AF Yan, Bo Gharavi, Hamid GP IEEE TI EFFICIENT ERROR CONCEALMENT FOR THE WHOLE-FRAME LOSS BASED ON H.264/AVC SO 2008 15TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON IMAGE PROCESSING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE International Conference on Image Processing ICIP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP 2008) CY OCT 12-15, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Signal Proc Soc DE video error concealment; whole-frame losses; error-resilient video transmission; H.264/AVC AB For low bitrate video communications, each video frame usually fills the payload of a single network packet. In this situation, the loss of a packet may result in loosing the entire video frame. Currently, most existing error concealment algorithms can only deal with the loss of macroblocks and are not able to conceal the whole missing frame. In this paper, we have proposed a new hybrid motion vector extrapolation (HMVE) algorithm to recover the whole missing frame. The proposed algorithm is capable of estimating the missing motion vectors with much greater accuracy than other existing methods. Experimental results show that it is highly effective and significantly outperforms other existing frame recovery methods. C1 [Yan, Bo] Fudan Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Technol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Gharavi, Hamid] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Yan, B (reprint author), Fudan Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Technol, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RI Yan, Bo/B-2502-2012 FU NSFC [60703034]; Shanghai Pujiang Program [07PJ14017] FX This work is supported in part by NSFC(Grant No.: 60703034), and in part by Shanghai Pujiang Program(Grant No.: 07PJ14017). NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-4880 BN 978-1-4244-1765-0 J9 IEEE IMAGE PROC PY 2008 BP 3064 EP 3067 DI 10.1109/ICIP.2008.4712442 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BJH64 UT WOS:000265921401283 ER PT S AU Shlyk, LV Kryukov, SA De Long, LE Schupp-Niewa, B Niewa, R Lynn, JW Huang, Q Arenholz, E Piamonteze, C AF Shlyk, L. V. Kryukov, S. A. De Long, L. E. Schuepp-Niewa, B. Niewa, R. Lynn, J. W. Huang, Qing Arenholz, E. Piamonteze, C. GP IEEE TI A Novel Class of High-T-C Ferromagnetic Semiconductors Novel Ferromagnetic Semiconductors SO 2008 17TH BIENNIAL UNIVERSITY/GOVERNMENT/INDUSTRY MICRO-NANO SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS SE University Government Industry Micro-Nano Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th Biennial University/Government/Industry Micro-Nano Symposium CY JUL 13-16, 2008 CL Louisville, KY SP JST Mfg Inc, Signatone, KY EPSCoR, Wright Brothers Inc, Univ Louisville, Angstrom Sci, VWR DE Spintronics; ferromagnetic semiconductors; ruthenates; mechanisms of ferromagnetism; R-Type ferrites ID TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; SPINTRONICS; FERRITES; ORIGIN; FE AB We have grown single crystals of novel ruthenates (Sr,Ba)(Fe,Co)(2+x)RU4-xO11 that exhibit long-range ferromagnetic order well above room temperature, accompanied by narrow-gap semiconducting properties that include a large anomalous Hall conductance, low resistivity, high carrier concentration and low coercive field, which are properties well suited to spintronic applications. X-ray diffraction, EDX, neutron diffraction and x-ray absorption measurements on single crystals firmly establish the "R-Type" hexagonal ferrite structure (space group P6(3)/mmc, No 194) and single-phase nature of all samples. The electronic structure and physical properties can be tuned by simple chemical substitution of two elements, M = Fe or Co, or by varying the relative concentration of 3d solutes and 4d Ru. Our magnetotransport, x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and magnetic moment data suggest the mechanism for FM order is quite different from that governing known dilute magnetic semiconductors. C1 [Shlyk, L. V.; Kryukov, S. A.; De Long, L. E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Schuepp-Niewa, B.; Niewa, R.] Tech Univ Munich, Dept Chem, Munich, Germany. [Lynn, J. W.; Huang, Qing] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Arenholz, E.; Piamonteze, C.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Adv Light Source, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Shlyk, LV (reprint author), Univ Kentucky, Dept Phys & Astron, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. RI Piamonteze, Cinthia/E-9740-2016 FU U.S. DoE [DE-FG02-97ER45653]; T.U. Munchen; NIST; LBNL FX Research at U. Kentucky supported by U.S. DoE Grant No. DE-FG02-97ER45653; research at T.U. Munchen supported by; research at NIST supported by; research at LBNL supported by U.s. DoE Contract No. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0749-6877 BN 978-1-4244-2484-9 J9 U GOV IND MICRO NANO PY 2008 BP 142 EP + DI 10.1109/UGIM.2008.45 PG 3 WC Education, Scientific Disciplines; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIK30 UT WOS:000260372400038 ER PT S AU Han, Y Reaney, IM Johnson, R Telli, MB Tinberg, DS Levin, I Trolier-McKinstry, S AF Han, Y. Reaney, I. M. Johnson, R. Telli, M. B. Tinberg, D. S. Levin, I. Trolier-McKinstry, S. GP IEEE TI CH027 SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB Epitaxial AgTa0.5Nb0.5O3 (ATN) films deposited on (001)(p) SrRuO3/LaAlO3 and LaAlO3 by a chemical solution deposition technique have been characterised by transmission electron microscopy. The structure of the ATN layers has been compared with equivalent bulk ceramics. For thin ATN films, only superstructure reflections at 1/2{000} positions were observed, consistent with a structure tilted in antiphase only. In contrast, bulk ATN showed +/- 1/4(001) reflections which result from a combination of in-phase and antiphase tilting along the c axis as well as antiparallel cation displacements. C1 [Han, Y.; Reaney, I. M.] Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sir Robert Hadfield Bldg,Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. [Johnson, R.; Telli, M. B.; Tinberg, D. S.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.] Penn State Univ, Inst Mat Res, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Johnson, R.; Telli, M. B.; Tinberg, D. S.; Trolier-McKinstry, S.] Penn State Univ, Mat Sci & Engn Dept, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Levin, I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Han, Y (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Mat Engn, Sir Robert Hadfield Bldg,Mappin St, Sheffield S1 3JD, S Yorkshire, England. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 113 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000039 ER PT S AU Orloff, ND Booth, JC Murakami, M Takeuchi, I AF Orloff, Nathan D. Booth, James C. Murakami, Makoto Takeuchi, Ichiro GP IEEE TI Broadband Permittivity Measurements of Thin-Film Ferroelectrics to 40 GHz SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB We demonstrate a novel experimental technique to measure the complex permittivity of dielectric thin films over the frequency range from 100 Hz to 40 GHz. We apply this technique to determine the broadband permittivity for ferroelectric thin films such as PbTiO3 at room temperature. We discuss the value of such frequency-dependent measurements for determining the dielectric response of ferroelectric thin films at finite frequencies. C1 [Orloff, Nathan D.; Booth, James C.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Murakami, Makoto; Takeuchi, Ichiro] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Orloff, ND (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 253 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000091 ER PT S AU Booth, JC Orloff, ND Mateu, JM AF Booth, James C. Orloff, Nathan D. Mateu, Jordi M. GP IEEE TI Nonlinear Effects in Thin-Film Ferroelectric Transmission Lines at Microwave Frequencies SO 2008 17TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON THE APPLICATIONS OF FERROELECTRICS SE IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY FEB 23-28, 2008 CL Santa Fe, NM SP IEEE AB In order to investigate the switching dynamics of ferroelectric materials at nanosecond time scales, we have measured the nonlinear response of ferroelectric-loaded transmission lines at microwave frequencies. We analyzed the third harmonic and intermodulation products produced by planar transmission lines incorporating ferroelectric thin films, and obtained the rf nonlinear capacitance C(V-rf)- We also directly measured the change in capacitance of the same structures due to a dc applied voltage, C(V-dc). By comparing these two experimentally-determined nonlinear capacitances, we are able to directly determine if the mechanisms responsible for the capacitance tuning in these materials are able to responsd on nanosecond time scales. C1 [Booth, James C.; Orloff, Nathan D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Mateu, Jordi M.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. RP Booth, JC (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. RI mateu, jordi/H-7285-2015 OI mateu, jordi/0000-0001-9833-9966 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1099-4734 BN 978-1-4244-2744-4 J9 IEEE INT FERRO PY 2008 BP 266 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BLN41 UT WOS:000270584000097 ER PT B AU Grossman, E Dietlein, C Bjarnason, J Luukanen, A Leivo, M Pentilla, J AF Grossman, Erich Dietlein, Charles Bjarnason, Jon Luukanen, Arttu Leivo, Mikko Pentilla, Jari GP IEEE TI THz Microbolometers for Imaging Applications SO 2008 33RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INFRARED, MILLIMETER AND TERAHERTZ WAVES, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd International Conference on Infrared, Millimeter and Terahertz Waves CY SEP 15-19, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE AB I briefly describe some recent THz cameras we have developed, emphasizing the most recent: a conically-scanned, 128-element linear array of ultrawideband, 4K microbolometers. C1 [Grossman, Erich; Dietlein, Charles; Bjarnason, Jon] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Dietlein, Charles] Univ Colorado, ECE Dept, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Luukanen, Arttu; Leivo, Mikko; Pentilla, Jari] VTT Tech Res Ctr, Millilab, Espoo, Finland. [Pentilla, Jari] Aivon Oy, Espoo, Finland. RP Grossman, E (reprint author), NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2119-0 PY 2008 BP 858 EP 858 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIV57 UT WOS:000263160700451 ER PT B AU Tanaka, A Fujiwara, M Nam, SW Nambu, Y Takahashi, S Maeda, W Yoshino, K Miki, S Baek, B Wang, Z Tajima, A Sasaki, M Tomita, A AF Tanaka, Akihiro Fujiwara, Mikio Nam, Sae Woo Nambu, Yoshihiro Takahashi, Seigo Maeda, Wakako Yoshino, Ken-ichiro Miki, Shigehito Baek, Burm Wang, Zhen Tajima, Akio Sasaki, Masahide Tomita, Akihisa GP IEEE TI Quantum key distribution systems and field trials SO 2008 34TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL COMMUNICATION (ECOC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) CY SEP 21-25, 2008 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP IBBT ID CRYPTOGRAPHY; CRYPTOSYSTEMS; ATTACK; STATES AB Recent progress in quantum key distribution (QKD), regarding high-speed and long-distance experiments and field trials are briefly reviewed. We also introduce our research on the randomness of quantum key. We have confirmed a quantum key, as a crypto key, assures the required randomness with some dynamic compensation. C1 [Tanaka, Akihiro; Takahashi, Seigo; Maeda, Wakako; Tajima, Akio] NEC Corp Ltd, Syst Platforms Res Labs, Nakahara Ku, 1753 Shimonumabe, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2118666, Japan. [Fujiwara, Mikio; Sasaki, Masahide] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, New Generat Network Res Ctr, Tokyo, Japan. [Nam, Sae Woo; Baek, Burm] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nam, Sae Woo; Baek, Burm] NEC Corp Ltd, Nano Elect Res Labs, Tokyo, Japan. [Miki, Shigehito; Wang, Zhen] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Kobe Adv ICT Res Ctr, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan. RP Tanaka, A (reprint author), NEC Corp Ltd, Syst Platforms Res Labs, Nakahara Ku, 1753 Shimonumabe, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 2118666, Japan. EM a-tanaka@dh.jp.nec.com FU National Institute of Information and Communication Technology (NICT) FX Part of this work was supported by the National Institute of Information and Communication Technology (NICT) NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2228-9; 978-1-4244-2227-2 PY 2008 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BYU51 UT WOS:000300411200176 ER PT B AU Wu, XX Jargon, J Willner, AE AF Wu, Xiaoxia Jargon, Jeffrey Willner, Alan E. GP IEEE TI Off-Line Monitoring of OSNR/CD/PMD Degradation Effects Using Neural-Network-Based Training Sequences SO 2008 34TH EUROPEAN CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL COMMUNICATION (ECOC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC) CY SEP 21-25, 2008 CL Brussels, BELGIUM SP IBBT AB A technique using artificial neural networks to simultaneously identify OSNR, CD, and PMD from eye-diagram parameters is demonstrated both via simulation and experimentally in 40 Gb/s OOK and DPSK systems. A correlation coefficient of 0.99 is obtained for the testing data of both systems. C1 [Wu, Xiaoxia; Willner, Alan E.] Univ Southern Calif, Dept Elect Engn Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Jargon, Jeffrey] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Wu, XX (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Dept Elect Engn Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM xiaoxia@usc.edu FU U.S. Department of Commerce; DARPA CORONET FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the DARPA CORONET program, and is not subject to U.S. copyright. The authors thank Prof. Qi-Jun Zhang from Carleton University for providing the NeuroModeler software and Teng Wu at USC for help with some of the initial simulations. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2228-9; 978-1-4244-2227-2 PY 2008 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BYU51 UT WOS:000300411200274 ER PT S AU Irvine, JM Fenimore, C Roberts, J Aviles, AI Cannon, DM Israel, SA O'Brien, G AF Irvine, John M. Fenimore, Charles Roberts, John Aviles, Ana Ivelisse Cannon, David M. Israel, Steven A. O'Brien, Gary GP IEEE TI Quantifying Interpretability for Motion Imagery with Applications to Image Compression SO 2008 37TH IEEE APPLIED IMAGERY PATTERN RECOGNITION WORKSHOP SE IEEE Applied Imagery Pattern Recognition Workshop LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 37th Applied Imagery and Pattern Recognition Workshop CY OCT 15-17, 2008 CL Washington, DC DE motion imagery; image interpretability; NIIRS; perception; compression AB For still imagery, the National Imagery Interpretability Rating Scale (NIIRS) has served as a community standard for quantifying interpretability. No comparable scale exists for motion imagery. This paper summarizes a series of user evaluations to understand and quantify the effects of critical factors affecting the perceived interpretability of motion imagery. These evaluations provide the basis for relating perceived image interpretability to image parameters, including ground sample distance (GSD) and frame rate. The first section of this paper presents the keyfindings from these studies. The second part of the paper applies these methods to quantifying information loss due to compression of motion imagery. We consider several methods for video compression (JPEG2000, MPEG-2, and H.264) at various bitrates. A set of objective image quality metrics were computed for the parent video clip and the various compressed products. The metrics are compared to subjective ratings provided by trained imagery analysts. The imagery analysts rated each clip relative to image interpretability tasks. Both the objective metrics and the ratings by analysts indicate the interpretability loss arising from the compression. The findings indicate the compression rates at which image interpretability declines significantly, with implications for sensor system design, systems architecture, and mission planning. C1 [Irvine, John M.] Draper Lab, Cambridge, MA USA. [Cannon, David M.; Israel, Steven A.; O'Brien, Gary] SAIC, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Fenimore, Charles; Roberts, John; Aviles, Ana Ivelisse] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 22899 USA. RP Irvine, JM (reprint author), Draper Lab, Cambridge, MA USA. EM jirvine@draper.com NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-5219 BN 978-1-4244-3125-0 J9 IEEE APP IMG PAT PY 2008 BP 71 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BLL30 UT WOS:000270443200013 ER PT B AU O'Toole, AJ Phillips, PJ Narvekar, A AF O'Toole, Alice J. Phillips, P. Jonathon Narvekar, Abhijit GP IEEE TI Humans versus Algorithms: Comparisons from the Face Recognition Vendor Test 2006 SO 2008 8TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTOMATIC FACE & GESTURE RECOGNITION (FG 2008), VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition CY SEP 17-19, 2008 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE AB We present a synopsis of results comparing the performance of humans with face recognition algorithms tested in the Face Recognition Vendor Test (FRVT) 2006 and Face Recognition Grand Challenge (FRGC). Algorithms and humans matched face identity in images taken under controlled and uncontrolled illumination. The human-machine comparisons include accuracy benchmarks, an error pattern analysis, and a test of human and machine performance stability across data sets varying in image quality. The results indicate that: 1.) machines can compete quantitatively with humans matching face identity across changes in illumination; 2) qualitative differences between humans and machines can be exploited to improve identification by fusing human and machine match scores; and 3.) recognition skills for humans and machines are comparably stable across changes in image quality. Combined the results suggest that face recognition algorithms may be ready for applications with task constraints similar to those evaluated in the FRVT 2006. C1 [O'Toole, Alice J.; Narvekar, Abhijit] Sch Behav & Brain Sci, GR 4-1, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Toole, AJ (reprint author), Sch Behav & Brain Sci, GR 4-1, Richardson, TX 75080 USA. EM otoole@utdallas.edu; jonathon@nist.gov; aln061000@utdallas.edu NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2153-4 PY 2008 BP 255 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BJZ11 UT WOS:000267485100039 ER PT B AU Beveridge, JR Givens, GH Phillips, PJ Draper, BA Lui, YM AF Beveridge, J. Ross Givens, Geof H. Phillips, P. Jonathon Draper, Bruce A. Lui, Yui Man GP IEEE TI Focus on Quality, Predicting FRVT 2006 Performance SO 2008 8TH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTOMATIC FACE & GESTURE RECOGNITION (FG 2008), VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Conference on Automatic Face and Gesture Recognition CY SEP 17-19, 2008 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS SP IEEE ID FACE-RECOGNITION ALGORITHMS AB This paper summarizes a study carried out on data from the Face Recognition Vendor Test 2006 (FRVT 2006). The finding of greatest practical importance is the discovery of a strong connection between a relatively simple measure of image quality and performance of state-of-the-art vendor algorithms in FRVT 2006. The image quality measure quantifies edge density and likely relates to focus. This effect is part of a larger four-way interaction observed between edge density, face size and whether images are acquired indoors our outdoors. This finding illustrates the broader potential for statistical modeling of empirical data to play an important role in finding and codifying biometric quality measures. C1 [Beveridge, J. Ross; Draper, Bruce A.; Lui, Yui Man] Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Givens, Geof H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Stat, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Beveridge, JR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM ross@cs.colostate.edu; geof@stat.colostate.edu FU Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) [T-1840C]; National Institute of Justice FX This work was funded in part by the Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) under Task T-1840C. P. Jonathon Phillips was supported by the National Institute of Justice. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2153-4 PY 2008 BP 804 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Telecommunications GA BJZ11 UT WOS:000267485100125 ER PT B AU Cheung, KP Campbell, JP AF Cheung, Kin P. Campbell, J. P. BA Huang, R BF Huang, R BE Yu, M An, X TI The transient behavior of NBTI - A new prospective SO 2008 9TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SOLID-STATE AND INTEGRATED-CIRCUIT TECHNOLOGY, VOLS 1-4 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Solid-State and Integrated-Circuit Technology CY OCT 20-23, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Beijing Sect, Chinese Inst Elect, IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE EDS, Beijing Chapter, IEEE Solid State Circuits Soc, IEEE Circuits & Syst Soc, IEEE, Hong Kong EDS, SSCS Chapter, IEEE SSCS, Beijing Chapter, Japan Soc Appl Phys, Elect Div IEEE, URSI Commiss D, Inst Elect Engineers Korea, Assoc Asia Pacific Phys Soc, Peking Univ, IEEE EDS, Student Chapter ID MOS DEVICES; STRESS; INSTABILITY; DEGRADATION AB The Negative-Bias-Temperature-Instability (NBTI) is currently one of the most serious reliability issues in advanced CMOS technology. Specifically, the fast recovery of NBTI degradation immediately after stress is removed has recently become a hot topic. The major NBTI debates center on the responsible mechanism, the proper measurement method, and the possible impact on reliability. We show that the observed fast transient degradation is a consequence of high-field stressing and has nothing to do with "traditional" NBTI. We further show that most current NBTI experiments fail to capture an additional transient component that can potentially impact reliability more severely. C1 [Cheung, Kin P.; Campbell, J. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheung, KP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2185-5 PY 2008 BP 620 EP 623 DI 10.1109/ICSICT.2008.4734621 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJH87 UT WOS:000265971000159 ER PT B AU Wilson, PF AF Wilson, Perry F. GP IEEE TI On the use of dipole models to correlate emission limits between EMC test facilities SO 2008 ASIA-PACIFIC SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY AND 19TH INTERNATIONAL ZURICH SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Asia-Pacific Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility/19th International Zurich Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Singapore, SINGAPORE ID TEM CELL AB Simple formulas are developed that enable emission limits from one EMC facility type to he translated to other EMC facility types. Facility types considered are free space, a half space as represented by an open area test site or a semi-anechoic chamber, TEM cells, and reverberation chambers. The formulas are based on simple dipole models. The formulas can provide valuable guidance for standards and product committees in setting product emission limits. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. RP Wilson, PF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. EM pfw@boulder.nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-981-08-0628-6 PY 2008 BP 526 EP 529 DI 10.1109/APEMC.2008.4559928 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BID20 UT WOS:000258515300133 ER PT B AU Said, EH Abaza, A Ammar, H AF Said, Eyad Haj Abaza, Ayman Ammar, Hany GP IEEE TI EAR SEGMENTATION IN COLOR FACIAL IMAGES USING MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY SO 2008 BIOMETRICS SYMPOSIUM (BSYM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Biometrics Symposium (BSYM 2008) CY SEP 23-25, 2008 CL Tampa, FL ID FACE-RECOGNITION; PCA AB Fully automated image segmentation is an essential step for designing automated identification systems. In this paper, we address the problem of fully automated image segmentation in the context of ear biometrics. Our segmentation approach achieves more than 90% accuracy based on three different sets of 3750 facial images for 376 persons. We also present an approach for the automated evaluation of the quality of segmented images. Our approach is based on low computational-cost appearance-based features and learning based Bayesian classifier in order to determine whether the segmentation outcome is proper or improper segment. Experimental results for evaluating the segmentation outcomes of ear images indicate the benefits of the proposed scheme. C1 [Said, Eyad Haj] North Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, NOAA, ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Abaza, Ayman; Ammar, Hany] West Virginia Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Morgantown, WV USA. RP Said, EH (reprint author), North Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, NOAA, ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM ehajsaid@yahoo.com; ayabaza@hotmail.com; hany.ammar@mail.wvu.edu FU Federal Bureau of Investigation's Forensic Audio Video Image Analysis Unit( FAVIAU) FX This project is funded by the Federal Bureau of Investigation's Forensic Audio Video Image Analysis Unit( FAVIAU). NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2566-2 PY 2008 BP 29 EP + DI 10.1109/BSYM.2008.4655519 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BJG10 UT WOS:000265590000005 ER PT B AU Said, EH Abaza, A Ammar, H Fahmy, G AF Said, Eyad Haj Abaza, Ayman Ammar, Hany Fahmy, Gamal GP IEEE TI ACCURATE SEGMENTATION OF DIGITIZED DENTAL X-RAY RECORDS SO 2008 BIOMETRICS SYMPOSIUM (BSYM) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th Biometrics Symposium (BSYM 2008) CY SEP 23-25, 2008 CL Tampa, FL AB Recent disasters have emphasized the significance of automated dental identification systems. Statistics show that 20% of the 9/11 victims, identified in the first year, were manually identified using dental records. Moreover, 75% of Tsunami victims in Thailand were similarly identified using dental records, compared to 0.5% identified using DNA. This paper addresses the first important problem of an Automated Dental Identification System (ADIS). This system matches image features extracted from multiple dental radiographic records. Dental radiograph record of an individual usually consists of radiographic films. It is an essential step to accurately segment these films from their constituent dental records in order to extract the dental features and achieve high level of automated postmortem identification. In this paper, we propose an automated approach to the problem of segmenting films from their dental records. Challenges include the variability in the background of the dental records including its gray intensity and texture, and variation in the number of films and their dimensions. Our three-stage approach is based on concepts of thresholding, connectivity, and mathematical morphology. We show by experimental evidence that our approach achieves 92% accuracy compared to 74% using previous work suggested in the literature. C1 [Said, Eyad Haj] North Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, NOAA, ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. [Abaza, Ayman; Ammar, Hany] West Virginia Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Morgantown, WV USA. [Fahmy, Gamal] German Univ, Cairo, Egypt. RP Said, EH (reprint author), North Carolina Agr & Technol State Univ, NOAA, ISET Ctr, Greensboro, NC 27411 USA. EM ehajsaid@yahoo.com; ayabaza@hotmail.com; hany.ammar@mail.wvu.edu; gamal.fahmy@guc.edu.eg FU U.S. National Science Foundation under West Virginia University [EIA-0131079]; Office of Justice Programs [2001-RC-CX-K013]; National Institute of Justice; U.S. Department of Justice FX This work is supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation under Award number EIA-0131079 to West Virginia University; the research is also supported under Award number 2001-RC-CX-K013 from the Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice, and the U.S. Department of Justice. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2566-2 PY 2008 BP 77 EP + DI 10.1109/BSYM.2008.4655526 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BJG10 UT WOS:000265590000013 ER PT B AU Raymondson, DA Sandberg, RL La-o-vorakiat, C Paul, A Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Schlotter, WF AF Raymondson, D. A. Sandberg, R. L. La-o-vorakiat, C. Paul, A. Murnane, M. M. Kapteyn, H. C. Schlotter, W. F. GP IEEE TI Multiple Reference Fourier Transform Holography using Coherent High-Harmonic Soft-X-Rays SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We demonstrate multiple reference Fourier transform holography with coherent soft x-rays from a tabletop high harmonic source for the first time. Simple reconstruction using a two dimensional Fourier Transform shows a 90nm resolution. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Raymondson, D. A.; Sandberg, R. L.; La-o-vorakiat, C.; Paul, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Raymondson, D. A.; Sandberg, R. L.; La-o-vorakiat, C.; Paul, A.; Murnane, M. M.; Kapteyn, H. C.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schlotter, W. F.] Stanford Univ, Dept Appl Phys, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Schlotter, W. F.] SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. RP Raymondson, DA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Daisy.Raymondson@Colorado.EDU RI Sandberg, Richard/F-8790-2011; Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 394 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400198 ER PT B AU Williams, PA Swann, WC Newbury, NR AF Williams, P. A. Swann, W. C. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI Practical performance limits on optical frequency transfer over fiber optic links SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID PHASE AB We present theory and experiment quantifying the limitations to stable transport of optical frequencies over optical fiber. These are fundamental fiber noise, propagation delay, bidirectional propagation and system noise in the measurement interferometers. C1 [Williams, P. A.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM pwilliam@boulder.nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 608 EP 609 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400305 ER PT B AU Braje, DA Kirchner, M Fortier, T Mbele, V Fox, R Weiner, AM Diddams, SA Hollberg, L AF Braje, D. A. Kirchner, M. Fortier, T. Mbele, V. Fox, R. Weiner, A. M. Diddams, S. A. Hollberg, L. GP IEEE TI Time and Frequency Filtering of Optical Combs SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID CAVITY AB Fabry-Perot cavity filtering of broadband optical frequency combs is studied experimentally and theoretically. Effects of dispersion, mirror coatings, and carrier envelope offset frequency are analyzed while highlighting applications to waveform generation and spectroscopic references. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Braje, D. A.; Kirchner, M.; Fortier, T.; Mbele, V.; Fox, R.; Weiner, A. M.; Diddams, S. A.; Hollberg, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Braje, DA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM braje@nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 710 EP 711 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400356 ER PT B AU Hudson, D Schibli, TR Cundiff, ST Shish, K Kutz, JN Morandotti, R Christodoulides, D AF Hudson, Darren Schibli, Thomas R. Cundiff, Steven T. Shish, Kimberlee Kutz, J. Nathan Morandotti, Roberto Christodoulides, Demetrios GP IEEE TI Nonlinear Femtosecond Pulse Reshaping in Waveguide Arrays SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID SOLITONS AB We observe nonlinear pulse reshaping of femtosecond pulses propagating in a waveguide array. The reshaping is due to non-linear coupling between waveguides. The output temporal width shows power-dependent pulse shortening. C1 [Hudson, Darren; Schibli, Thomas R.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shish, Kimberlee; Kutz, J. Nathan] Univ Washington, Dept Appl Math, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Morandotti, Roberto] Univ Quebec, Inst Natl Recherche Scientif, Varennes, PQ J3X 1S2, Canada. [Christodoulides, Demetrios] Univ Cent Florida, Coll Opt & Photon, CREOL, Orlando, FL 32816 USA. RP Hudson, D (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 881 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400442 ER PT B AU Feng, MM Cundiff, ST Mirin, RP Silverman, KL AF Feng, Mingming Cundiff, Steven T. Mirin, R. P. Silverman, K. L. GP IEEE TI Dark Pulse Diode Laser SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID SOLITON GENERATION; FIBER AB A dark pulse train is generated by an external cavity quantum dot diode laser, which is passively controlled by a saturable Bragg reflector. The 92 ps dark pulses have a 400 MHz repetition rate. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Feng, Mingming; Cundiff, Steven T.] JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Feng, Mingming; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Feng, Mingming; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mirin, R. P.; Silverman, K. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Feng, MM (reprint author), JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM mingming.feng@colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1131 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400567 ER PT B AU Bloom, AR Nurin, RP Silverman, KL AF Bloom, A. R. Nurin, R. P. Silverman, K. L. GP IEEE TI Reducing the Oscillator Strength in Semiconductor Quantum Dots with a Lateral Electric Field SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We modulate the oscillator strength of self-assembled quantum dots embedded in a semiconductor ridge waveguide by applying an electric field with two coplanar contacts. We estimate a 20 % reduction at 40 V. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Bloom, A. R.; Nurin, R. P.; Silverman, K. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bloom, AR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1163 EP 1164 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400583 ER PT B AU Schibli, TR Yost, DC Martin, MJ Ludlow, A Ye, J AF Schibli, T. R. Yost, D. C. Martin, M. J. Ludlow, A. Ye, J. GP IEEE TI 10 W average power frequency comb with sub-mHz relative linewidths from an Yb:fiber system SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID CAVITY AB We present a fully phase-stabilized frequency comb with 10W average power and 136MHz repetition rate produced by a Yb:fiber system. Direct comparison with an octave-spanning Ti:sapphire comb yields record-low sub-mHz relative linewidths for frequency combs. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America C1 [Schibli, T. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. IMRA America Inc, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Schibli, TR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM trs@jila.colorado.edu NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1305 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400655 ER PT B AU Meyer, SA Squier, JA Diddams, SA AF Meyer, S. A. Squier, J. A. Diddams, S. A. GP IEEE TI A self-referenced diode-pumped Yb:KYW frequency comb SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID LASER AB A diode-pumped Yb:KYW frequency comb system is described. Spectral broadening in microstructured fiber allows detection and control of the carrier-envelope offset frequency. The integrated residual phase noise on f(0) is 0.3 radians (0.1 Hz-0.5 MHZ). C1 [Meyer, S. A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Squier, J. A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Microintegrated Opt Adv Biomaging & Control, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Meyer, S. A.; Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Meyer, SA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, 2000 Colorado Ave, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sameyer@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 1307 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498400656 ER PT B AU Dai, XC Cundiff, ST AF Dai, Xingcan Cundiff, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Excitation Dependence of Non-Markovian Dynamics in a Dense Potassium Vapor SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB The transient four-wave mixing signal from a dense potassium vapor, which displays non-Markovian dynamics, depends on the excitation strength. Theoretical fits reveal the excitation dependence of the parameters employed in a two-time correlation function. (C)2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Dai, Xingcan] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dai, XC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2081 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401030 ER PT B AU Pearlman, AJ Polyakov, SV Migdall, A Nam, SW AF Pearlman, Aaron J. Polyakov, Sergey V. Migdall, Alan Nam, Sae Woo GP IEEE TI Number-Resolving, Single Photon Detection with No Deadtime SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We present a new scheme of a photon-resolving measurement with a superconducting microbolometer. Based on known "instrumental function" of the microbolometer, we convert its analog output into a digitized record of photon detections without deadtime. (C)2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Pearlman, Aaron J.; Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Inst Joint Quantum, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Nam, Sae Woo] Div Optoelect, Boulder 80305, CO USA. RP Pearlman, AJ (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM aaron.pearlman@nist.gov RI Pearlman, Aaron/L-8912-2013 OI Pearlman, Aaron/0000-0002-4498-2208 FU Disruptive Technology Offic (DTO) entangled photon source program; Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Center for Photonic Quantum Information Systems [DAAD19-03-1-0199]; NIST Quantum Information Initiative; IARPA FX This work has been supported in part by the Disruptive Technology Offic (DTO) entangled photon source program, and the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Center for Photonic Quantum Information Systems (Army Research Office/D TO program DAAD19-03-1-0199). This work is also supported in part by the NIST Quantum Information Initiative and IARPA. A.J.P. acknowledges support form the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2235 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401108 ER PT B AU Ma, LJ Xu, H Chang, TJ Slattery, O Tang, X AF Ma, Lijun Xu, Hai Chang, Tiejun Slattery, Oliver Tang, Xiao GP IEEE TI Experimental Implementation of 1310-nm Differential Phase Shift QKD System with Up-conversion Detectors SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID KEY DISTRIBUTION-SYSTEM AB We have experimentally implemented a differential phase shift quantum-key distribution system with up-conversion detectors operating at a 2.5 Gbps clock rate. A Michelson interferometer with Faraday mirrors is used to increase the system stability. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Ma, Lijun; Xu, Hai; Chang, Tiejun; Slattery, Oliver; Tang, Xiao] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2371 EP 2372 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401176 ER PT B AU Gerrits, T Clement, T Glancy, S Mirin, R Nam, SW Knill, M AF Gerrits, Thomas Clement, Tracy Glancy, Scott Mirin, Richard Nam, Sae Woo Knill, Manny GP IEEE TI Improving Squeezing purity from a KNbO(3) crystal by temperature tuning SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We show a method to increase the purity of a squeezed state generated by a femtosecond laser and down-conversion crystal. The method relies on temperature tuning the down- and up-converting crystals, which changes the spatial and spectral output mode of the down-converter to match the local oscillator. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Gerrits, Thomas; Clement, Tracy; Glancy, Scott; Mirin, Richard; Nam, Sae Woo; Knill, Manny] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Gerrits, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM gerrits@boulder.nist.gov NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2387 EP 2388 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401184 ER PT B AU Wang, XS Malkova, N Hromada, I Bryant, G Chen, ZG AF Wang, Xiaosheng Malkova, Natalia Hromada, Ivan Bryant, Garnett Chen, Zhigang GP IEEE TI Optical Shockley-like Surface States in Light-induced Superlattices SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We provide the first demonstration of linear Shockley-like surface states in optically-induced semi-infinite photonic lattices with alternating strong/weak couplings. Such surface states appear in superlattices only when the surface termination is specially designed. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Wang, Xiaosheng; Hromada, Ivan; Chen, Zhigang] San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. [Malkova, Natalia; Bryant, Garnett] NIST, Div Atom Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Malkova, Natalia] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, Zhigang] Nankai Univ, TEDA Appl Phys Sch, Tianjin 300071, Peoples R China. RP Wang, XS (reprint author), San Francisco State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, San Francisco, CA 94132 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2413 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401197 ER PT B AU Marino, AM Boyer, V Pooser, RC Lett, PD AF Marino, Alberto M. Boyer, Vincent Pooser, Raphael C. Lett, Paul D. GP IEEE TI Entangled Images from 4-Wave Mixing in Rubidium Vapor SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We show that non-degenerate 4-wave mixing in an atomic vapor can produce highly multimode twin beams. The process can be used to generate arbitrarily-shaped continuous-variable entangled twin beams that contain quantum-correlations in time and space. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Marino, Alberto M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marino, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alberto.marino@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2950 EP 2951 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401467 ER PT B AU Eisaman, MD Goldschmidt, E Fan, J Migdall, A AF Eisaman, M. D. Goldschmidt, E. Fan, J. Migdall, A. GP IEEE TI Experimental test of non-local realism using a fiber-based source of polarization-entangled photon pairs SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We test local realistic and non-local realistic theories using a fiber-based source of polarization-entangled photons. Our measurements violate local (certain non-local) hidden-variable theories by 15 (3) standard deviations. (C)2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Eisaman, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eisaman, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.eisaman@nist.gov RI Eisaman, Matthew/E-8006-2011 OI Eisaman, Matthew/0000-0002-3814-6430 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2990 EP 2991 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401487 ER PT B AU Chen, J Fan, J Eisaman, MD Migdall, A AF Chen, Jun Fan, Jingyun Eisaman, Matthew D. Migdall, Alan GP IEEE TI Microstructure-Fiber-Based Source of High-Flux Hyperentangled Photon-Pairs SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We generate hyperentangled (time-bin and polarization) photon-pairs using a microstructure-fiber Sagnac interferometer. Two-photon interference visibilities in both degrees of freedom are > 84%, and Bell's inequality is violated by 27 sigma at 1-kHz coincidence rate. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Chen, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jun.chen@nist.gov; jfan@nist.gov RI Eisaman, Matthew/E-8006-2011 OI Eisaman, Matthew/0000-0002-3814-6430 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 2992 EP 2993 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401488 ER PT B AU Migdall, A Fan, J AF Migdall, A. Fan, J. GP IEEE TI Fiber-based two-photon sources for quantum information SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We review the merits of using fiber as a nonlinear media for production of correlated and entangled photon pairs for quantum information applications and we present history, status, and fruits of efforts in this area. (C)2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Migdall, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fan, J.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Migdall, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM migdall@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3042 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401513 ER PT B AU Carter, SG Chen, Z Cundiff, ST AF Carter, S. G. Chen, Z. Cundiff, S. T. GP IEEE TI Ultrafast Raman Spin Rotations of Electrons in Quantum Wells SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Short pulses detuned below the absorption edge of GaAs quantum wells are used to rotate electron spins through a Raman process. Faraday rotation measurements demonstrate significant rotations with negligible excitation of electrons and holes. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Carter, S. G.; Chen, Z.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Carter, SG (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sam.carter@nrl.navy.mil RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Carter, Sam/G-4589-2012 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3048 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401516 ER PT B AU Rutter, NB Polyakov, SV Lett, P Migdall, A AF Rutter, Natalia B. Polyakov, Sergey V. Lett, Paul Migdall, Alan GP IEEE TI Tunneling Times through Dielectric Stacks SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB We measure the photon tunneling time through bandgaps of dielectric layer stacks with alternating refractive indices. We observe subtle structural changes in dielectric stacks drastically affecting photon traversal times, allowing for sub- and superluminal effects. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Rutter, Natalia B.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, 37th & O, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Rutter, Natalia B.; Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Tech Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Lett, Paul; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lett, Paul] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rutter, NB (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, 37th & O, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM nrutter@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3089 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401537 ER PT B AU Song, QH Andreasen, J Cao, H Ho, ST Solomon, GS AF Song, Qinghai Andreasen, Jonathan Cao, Hui Ho, Seng T. Solomon, Glenn S. GP IEEE TI Lasing in Sub-micron Semiconductor Disk SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Lasing was realized a sub-micron GaAs disk, which was fabricated by standard optical lithography and wet-etching method. As the disk thickness is comparable to the disk radius, 3D-FDTD was used to simulate the resonant modes. C1 [Song, Qinghai; Andreasen, Jonathan; Cao, Hui] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Ho, Seng T.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Sci, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, QH (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM q-song@northwestern.edu RI Ho, Seng-Tiong/B-7172-2009 NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3122 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401554 ER PT B AU Baek, B Gansen, EJ Stevens, MJ Mirin, RP Nam, SW Hadfield, RH Dalgarno, PA O'Connor, JA Ramsay, E Warburton, RJ AF Baek, Burm Gansen, Eric J. Stevens, Martin J. Mirin, Richard P. Nam, Sae Woo Hadfield, Robert H. Dalgarno, Paul A. O'Connor, John A. Ramsay, Euan Warburton, Richard J. GP IEEE TI Investigation of Local Photon Detection Efficiency Distributions in Nanowire Superconducting Single-Photon Detectors SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Uniform meander structure is one of the key issues in developing high-detection-efficiency nanowire superconducting single photon detectors. We present our effort on investigating their local photon detection efficiency distribution in high spatial resolution. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Baek, Burm; Gansen, Eric J.; Stevens, Martin J.; Mirin, Richard P.; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hadfield, Robert H.; Dalgarno, Paul A.; O'Connor, John A.; Ramsay, Euan; Warburton, Richard J.] Heriot Watt Univ, Res Sch Phys Sci & Engn, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Baek, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM burm.baek@nist.gov RI Ramsay, Euan/A-6209-2009; Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013 OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187 NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3233 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401610 ER PT B AU Zhang, TH Bristow, AD Dai, XC Kuznetsova, I Meier, T Thomas, P Cundiff, ST AF Zhang, Tianhao Bristow, Alan D. Dai, Xingcan Kuznetsova, Irina Meier, Torsten Thomas, Peter Cundiff, Steven T. GP IEEE TI Direct Determination of Exciton Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Linewidths in Semiconductor Quantum Wells with Two-Dimensional Fourier Transform Spectroscopy SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadening of heavy- and light-hole excitons in semiconductor quantum wells are measured along with the excitation dependence of both broadenings. Isolation of disorder-induced broadening is possible with spectra in different coherent pathways. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Zhang, Tianhao] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Tianhao; Bristow, Alan D.; Dai, Xingcan; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Kuznetsova, Irina; Meier, Torsten] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Kuznetsova, Irina; Meier, Torsten] Univ Marburg, Ctr Mat Sci, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Meier, Torsten] Univ Paderborn, Dept Phys, Fak Naturwissenschaften, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. RP Zhang, TH (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@colorado.edu RI Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013; Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3411 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401699 ER PT B AU Goldschmidt, EA Eisaman, MD Fun, J Polyakov, S Mgdah, A AF Goldschmidt, E. A. Eisaman, M. D. Fun, J. Polyakov, S. Mgdah, A. GP IEEE TI Conditional and unconditional g((2))(0) measurements of a microstructure-fiber-based heralded single-photon source SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB Using photon pairs created via four-wave mixing in a microstructure fiber, we measure g((2))(0) of idler photons heralded by a signal photon to be well below one, and six times less than unconditional g((2))(0). (C)2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Goldschmidt, E. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Goldschmidt, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM elizabeth.goldschmidt@nist.gov; mathew.eisaman@nist.gov RI Eisaman, Matthew/E-8006-2011 OI Eisaman, Matthew/0000-0002-3814-6430 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3471 EP 3472 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401729 ER PT B AU Honjo, T Nam, SW Takesue, H Zhang, Q Kamada, H Nishida, Y Tadanaga, O Asobe, M Baek, B Hadfield, R Miki, S Fujiwara, M Sasaki, M Wang, Z Inoue, K Yamamoto, Y AF Honjo, T. Nam, S. W. Takesue, H. Zhang, Q. Kamada, H. Nishida, Y. Tadanaga, O. Asobe, M. Baek, B. Hadfield, R. Miki, S. Fujiwara, M. Sasaki, M. Wang, Z. Inoue, K. Yamamoto, Y. GP IEEE TI Entanglement-based BBM92 QKD experiment using superconducting single photon detectors SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference (CLEO/QELS 2008) CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; PAIRS AB We report an entanglement-based BBM92 quantum key distribution experiment using superconducting single photon detectors. A 16-kbit sifted key with a quantum bit error rate of 6.9% was successfully generated after 100 km fiber transmission. (35 words) @2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Honjo, T.; Takesue, H.; Kamada, H.; Inoue, K.] NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. [Nam, S. W.; Baek, B.; Hadfield, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhang, Q.; Yamamoto, Y.] Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Nishida, Y.; Tadanaga, O.; Asobe, M.] NTT Corp, NTT Photon Lab, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. [Miki, S.; Fujiwara, M.; Sasaki, M.; Wang, Z.] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. RP Honjo, T (reprint author), NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Atsugi, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. EM honjo@will.brl.ntt.co.jp RI Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013 OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3577 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401784 ER PT B AU Ma, LJ Chang, TJ Tang, X AF Ma, Lijun Chang, Tiejun Tang, Xiao GP IEEE TI Detection-time-bin-shift Polarization Encoding Quantum Key Distribution System SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON LASERS AND ELECTRO-OPTICS & QUANTUM ELECTRONICS AND LASER SCIENCE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics/Quantum Electronics and Laser Science Conference CY MAY 04-09, 2008 CL San Jose, CA AB A detection-time-bin-shift scheme for polarization encoding QKD is proposed. This scheme reduces cost and overcomes the security loss caused by dead-time and unbalanced characteristics of detectors. This scheme is experimentally demonstrated with the B92 protocol. (C)2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Ma, Lijun; Chang, Tiejun; Tang, Xiao] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ma, LJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xiao.tang@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-55752-859-9 PY 2008 BP 3583 EP 3584 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIL52 UT WOS:000260498401787 ER PT B AU Newbury, NR Swann, WC Coddington, I Williams, PA AF Newbury, N. R. Swann, W. C. Coddington, I. Williams, P. A. GP OSA TI Fiber lasers for frequency standards in optical communications SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION/NATIONAL FIBER OPTIC ENGINEERS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-8 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communications/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL San Diego, CA ID WAVELENGTH CALIBRATION LINES; NOBEL LECTURE; 1 HZ; NOISE; COMB; NM; LINEWIDTHS; PRECISION; PHASE; SHIFT AB Optical light with millihertz relative frequency stabilities and subfemtosecond timing jitter can be produced from stabilized cw or mode-locked fiber lasers. We will discuss the generation, fiber-optic distribution and some applications of these coherent sources. Contribution of the U.S. government and not subject to copyright. C1 [Newbury, N. R.; Swann, W. C.; Coddington, I.; Williams, P. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMERICA PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA BN 978-1-55752-856-8 PY 2008 BP 1734 EP 1736 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BID99 UT WOS:000258857701134 ER PT B AU Steiner, RL Williams, ER Liu, R Parker, B AF Steiner, R. L. Williams, E. R. Liu, R. Parker, B. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Estimating uncertainty limits in the NIST-2008 electronic kilogram SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB The NIST electronic kilogram has had three published results with successively smaller uncertainties. In the present design, there are several measurement components that have uncertainties that are difficult to reduce further. These limiting uncertainties are discussed. C1 [Steiner, R. L.; Williams, E. R.; Liu, R.; Parker, B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Steiner, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 10 EP 11 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574627 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400005 ER PT B AU Benz, SP Rogalla, H White, DR Qu, JF Dresselhaus, PD Tew, WL Nam, SW AF Benz, S. P. Rogalla, H. White, D. R. Qu, Jifeng Dresselhaus, P. D. Tew, W. L. Nam, S. W. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Improvements in the NIST Johnson noise thermometry system SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID CALIBRATION AB We have developed a Johnson noise thermometry system that is calibrated by precision waveforms synthesized with a quantized voltage noise source (QVNS). Significant improvements to the QVNS and the cross-correlation measurement electronics have dramatically reduced systematic errors and measurement uncertainty. We describe some of these improvements and discuss the potential for this system to contribute to the redefinition of the Boltzmann constant. C1 [Benz, S. P.; Rogalla, H.; White, D. R.; Qu, Jifeng; Dresselhaus, P. D.; Tew, W. L.; Nam, S. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Benz, SP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 36 EP 37 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574640 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400018 ER PT B AU Newell, DB Mohr, PJ Taylor, BN AF Newell, D. B. Mohr, P. J. Taylor, B. N. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI The 2006 adjustment of the fundamental constants: Looking towards 2010 SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID MAGNETIC-MOMENTS; DEUTERON; SI AB A new set of values of the basic fundamental constants has been recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) (http://physics.nist.gov/cuu/Constants/). It is based on a least-squares adjustment that incorporates new data that became available before the closing date of 31 December 2006 (known as the 2006 LSA). A number of key advances in experiment and theory have led to significant improvements in our knowledge of the values of the constants. The consequences of the new results and how the values were determined will be discussed. C1 [Newell, D. B.; Mohr, P. J.; Taylor, B. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Newell, DB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 42 EP 43 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574643 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400021 ER PT B AU Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Bergren, NF Landim, RP AF Benz, S. P. Dresselhaus, P. D. Bergren, N. F. Landim, R. P. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Progress toward a 1 V pulse-driven ac Josephson voltage standard SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB We present a new record output voltage of 275 mV rms, which is a 25 % improvement over the maximum achieved with previous ac Josephson voltage standard circuits. We demonstrate operating margins for these circuits and use them to measure the harmonic distortion of a commercial digitizer. Having exceeded the threshold of 125 mV rms for a single array of Josephson junctions, we propose an eight-array circuit capable of achieving 1 V rms. C1 [Benz, S. P.; Dresselhaus, P. D.; Bergren, N. F.; Landim, R. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Benz, SP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. EM rplandim@inmetro.gov.br NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 48 EP 49 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574646 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400024 ER PT B AU Coddington, I Swann, WC Newbury, NR AF Coddington, I. Swann, W. C. Newbury, N. R. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI High resolution spectroscopy using fiber laser frequency combs SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID NOBEL LECTURE AB The output of a femtosecond fiber laser can be both spectrally broadened and stabilized, thereby providing a broadband coherent source in the near infrared. In the frequency domain, the result is a frequency comb with frequency stabilities at the millihertz: level (relative to the reference), while in the time domain, the result is an optical pulse train with sub-femtosecond relative timing jitter. This coherent source can be used for high-resolution measurements in a range of areas including frequency metrology, ranging, vibrometry, and spectroscopy. We will discuss the performance of these sources, focusing on recent work applying them to high-resolution spectroscopy. This contribution of NIST, an agency of the US government, is not subject to copyright. C1 [Coddington, I.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. RP Coddington, I (reprint author), NIST, Div Optoelect, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 52 EP 53 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574648 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400026 ER PT B AU Rufenacht, A Burroughs, CJ Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Waltrip, B Nelson, T AF Rufenacht, A. Burroughs, C. J. Benz, S. P. Dresselhaus, P. D. Waltrip, B. Nelson, T. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Precision differential sampling measurements of low frequency voltages synthesized with an AC Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB Sampling is a promising technique for comparing the stepwise-approximated sine waves synthesized by an AC Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard to the sinusoidal voltages of a secondary source at low frequencies (a few hundred hertz or less). This paper describes a differential method that uses an integrating sampling voltmeter to precisely determine the amplitude and phase of high purity sine wave voltages by comparing them to quantum-accurate waveforms. C1 [Rufenacht, A.; Burroughs, C. J.; Benz, S. P.; Dresselhaus, P. D.; Waltrip, B.; Nelson, T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Rufenacht, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 70 EP 71 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574657 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400035 ER PT B AU Burroughs, CJ Rufenacht, A Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD AF Burroughs, C. J. Rufenacht, A. Benz, S. P. Dresselhaus, P. D. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Systematic error analysis of stepwise approximated ac waveforms generated by a Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID ARRAYS AB We have measured stepwise-approximated sinewaves generated by a Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard with several different output configurations. These data are analyzed to characterize the dominant error mechanisms for rms applications, such as ac-dc difference measurements of a thermal voltage converter (TVC). We discuss the impact of the dominant systematic errors on the overall uncertainty and consider the implications of providing the load current required by low input impedance devices such as TVC's. C1 [Burroughs, C. J.; Rufenacht, A.; Benz, S. P.; Dresselhaus, P. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Burroughs, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 72 EP 73 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574658 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400036 ER PT B AU Thomsen, JW Campbell, GK Ludlow, AD Blatt, S Martin, MJ Zelevinsky, T Zanon-Willette, T Boyd, MM Ye, J AF Thomsen, J. W. Campbell, G. K. Ludlow, A. D. Blatt, S. Martin, M. J. Zelevinsky, T. Zanon-Willette, T. Boyd, M. M. Ye, Jun BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Strontium optical lattice clock with high accuracy and stability SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB Techniques of modem quantum optics allows for the preparation of atoms in well controlled quantum states ideal for precision measurements and tests of fundamental laws of physics. We report on our recent progress with a highly stable and accurate optical atomic clock based on ultracold fermionic Sr-87 atoms confined in a one dimensional optical lattice. Currently, we have carried out a detailed evaluation of our clock at the 10(-16) level and can report stability at 2 x 10(-15) level at one second. At typical operating parameters for the clock we observe evidence of a density dependent clock shift. Operating the clock at a particular excitation ratio of ground state and excited clock state we observe a shift consistent with zero. C1 [Thomsen, J. W.; Campbell, G. K.; Ludlow, A. D.; Blatt, S.; Martin, M. J.; Zelevinsky, T.; Zanon-Willette, T.; Boyd, M. M.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Thomsen, JW (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012 OI Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 90 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574667 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400045 ER PT B AU Dresselhaus, PD Elsbury, M Burroughs, CJ Olaya, D Benz, SP Bergren, NF Schwall, R Popovic, Z AF Dresselhaus, P. D. Elsbury, M. Burroughs, C. J. Olaya, D. Benz, S. P. Bergren, N. F. Schwall, R. Popovic, Z. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Design of a turn-key 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard system SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID ARRAYS AB NIST is designing a 10 V Programmable Josephson Voltage Standard (PJVS) system with an improved microwave design and arrays of stacked NbXSi1-X-barrier Josephson junctions. For this new design a "ground-up" approach was used that takes into account all system issues in order to produce a robust 10 V system. By improving the uniformity of the microwave drive along the length of each array, constant-voltage steps with a larger current range are generated allowing the use of smaller critical current junctions. Smaller critical currents are important for lowering the total overall power dissipated on chip. Reducing power dissipation also increases the operating margins. Thus, all aspects of the design are interrelated and important for an optimized system. C1 [Dresselhaus, P. D.; Burroughs, C. J.; Olaya, D.; Benz, S. P.; Bergren, N. F.; Schwall, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Elsbury, M.; Popovic, Z.] Univ Colorado, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dresselhaus, PD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA.; Dresselhaus, PD (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Coll Engn & Appl Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU CU-NIST collaborations and a Department of Education GAANN fellowship in Hybrid Signal Electronics at the University of Colorado FX This work was supported in part by seed funding for CU-NIST collaborations and a Department of Education GAANN fellowship in Hybrid Signal Electronics at the University of Colorado NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 102 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574673 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400051 ER PT B AU Parker, B Steiner, RL AF Parker, B. Steiner, R. L. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Reducing the uncertainty in a measure of the acceleration of gravity for the electronic kilogram SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB Calculating the force on a reference mass for the electronic kilogram experiment requires using both absolute and relative gravity meters to measure the acceleration of gravity. Tests have been conducted to achieve an uncertainty of less than 1 part in 10(8). C1 [Parker, B.; Steiner, R. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Parker, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 126 EP 126 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574685 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400063 ER PT B AU Williams, ER Haddad, D Geneves, G Gournay, P Hauck, C Villar, F Steiner, RS Liu, R AF Williams, E. R. Haddad, D. Geneves, G. Gournay, P. Hauck, C. Villar, F. Steiner, R. S. Liu, R. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Balance pan damping using tuned sloshing liquids SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID DAMPERS AB This paper describes a new method to damp out balance pan oscillations even when the balance is operated in vacuum. The key is to tune the wavelength of the damping liquid, which resides in a sealed container attached above the pan, to the natural frequencies expected in the pan operation. Both NIST and LNE are investigating the practical application of this damping approach in our respective watt balance experiments [1,2]. C1 [Williams, E. R.; Haddad, D.; Steiner, R. S.; Liu, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Williams, E. R.; Haddad, D.; Geneves, G.; Gournay, P.; Hauck, C.; Villar, F.] Natl Res Lab Metrol & Testing, Trappes, France. RP Williams, ER (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 130 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574687 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400065 ER PT B AU Jarrett, DG Elmquist, RE Zhang, NF Tonina, A Porfiri, M Ferriandes, J Schechter, H Izquierdo, D Faverio, C Slomovitz, D Inglis, D Wendler, K Hernandez, F Rodriguez, B AF Jarrett, D. G. Elmquist, R. E. Zhang, N. F. Tonina, A. Porfiri, M. Ferriandes, J. Schechter, H. Izquierdo, D. Faverio, C. Slomovitz, D. Inglis, D. Wendler, K. Hernandez, F. Rodriguez, B. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI SIM comparison of dc resistance at 1 Omega, 1 M Omega, and 1 G Omega SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB A regional comparison of dc resistance standards at the nominal values of 1 Omega, 1 M Omega, and 1 G Omega has recently been completed in the Sistema Interamericano de Metrogia (SIM) region. The motivation, design, standards, and results of this regional comparison are reported. C1 [Jarrett, D. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Elmquist, R. E.] NIST, Stat ngn Div, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Tonina, A.; Porfiri, M.] Inst Nacl Technol Ind, San Martin, Argentina. [Ferriandes, J.; Schechter, H.] Natl Inst Metrol Standardizat & Quality INMETRO, BR-25250020 Duque de Caxias, RJ, Brazil. [Izquierdo, D.; Faverio, C.; Slomovitz, D.] Adm Nacl Usinas Transmis Elect UTE, Montevideo 2385, Uruguay. [Inglis, D.; Wendler, K.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Hernandez, F.; Rodriguez, B.] Ctr Nacl Metrol CENAM, Queretaro NM-76241, Mexico. RP Jarrett, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 146 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574695 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400073 ER PT B AU Bierzychudek, ME Elmquist, RE AF Bierzychudek, M. E. Elmquist, R. E. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Uncertainty evaluation in a two-terminal cryogenic current comparator SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID M-OMEGA; RESISTANCE AB In this paper we present the uncertainty evaluation of a new cryogenic current comparator (CCC) bridge designed to compare two-terminal 1 Omega and 10 M Omega standard resistors with the quantized Hall resistance (QHR) and then scale from these values to other values between 10 k Omega and 1 G Omega. C1 [Bierzychudek, M. E.] Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, B1650KNA, San Martin, Argentina. [Elmquist, R. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Bierzychudek, ME (reprint author), Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, B1650KNA, San Martin, Argentina. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 152 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574698 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400076 ER PT B AU Willits, J Wahlstrand, JK Menyuk, CR Cundiff, ST AF Willits, J. Wahlstrand, J. K. Menyuk, C. R. Cundiff, S. T. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI The quantum-limited comb lineshape for a mode-locked Ti : sapphire laser SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID DYNAMICS; NOISE AB We have calculated the quantum-limited lineshape of the comb lines from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser using experimentally-derived parameters for the linear response and quantum noise drivers from a generalized soliton perturbation theory. The detailed lineshape has small contributions from relaxation oscillations and frequency pulling. Our results are relevant in determining the fundamental limitation due to amplified spontaneous emission on the uncertainty of frequency measurements using femtosecond combs. C1 [Willits, J.; Wahlstrand, J. K.; Menyuk, C. R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Willits, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 440 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 170 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574707 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400085 ER PT B AU Mukai, S Amemiya, K Endo, M Vayshenker, I Li, X Yang, S AF Mukai, S. Amemiya, K. Endo, M. Vayshenker, I. Li, X. Yang, S. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Bilateral optical fiber power meter linearity comparison between NMIJ and NIST SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB Optical fiber power meter (OFPM) linearity standards of NMIJ (Japan) and NIST (USA) are compared using a commercial OFPM as a transfer standard at 1310 nm and 1550 nm over a power range [-60 dBm, 0 dBm]. At both wavelengths the comparison indicates an agreement between the two laboratories within the combined uncertainty. At 1550 nm the uncertainties are larger, which is attributed to unstable operation of the transfer standard at this wavelength. C1 [Mukai, S.; Amemiya, K.; Endo, M.] AIST, NMIJ, 1-1-1 Cent 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Vayshenker, I.; Li, X.; Yang, S.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mukai, S (reprint author), AIST, NMIJ, 1-1-1 Cent 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RI Vayshenker, Igor/H-9793-2013 OI Vayshenker, Igor/0000-0002-7098-3781 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 178 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574711 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400089 ER PT B AU Elmquist, R Jones, GR Pritchard, B Bierzychudek, M Hemandez, F AF Elmquist, R. Jones, G. R., Jr. Pritchard, B. Bierzychudek, M. Hemandez, F. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI High resistance scaling from 10k Omega and QHR standards using a cryogenic current comparator SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB We describe a cryogenic current comparator (CCC) bridge for resistance scaling that provides improved measurement uncertainty over a range of resistance values from 100 k Omega to 1 G Omega. This CCC is designed for high resistance scaling based directly on a quantized Hall resistance (QHR) standard as well as comparisons of resistance ratios of 1, 10 and 100. The QHR-to-decade-value winding ratio offset is chosen so as to approximately cancel the offset produced by resistive decade windings. C1 [Elmquist, R.; Jones, G. R., Jr.; Pritchard, B.; Bierzychudek, M.; Hemandez, F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Elmquist, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 3 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 268 EP 269 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574756 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400134 ER PT B AU Jarrett, DG Muniz-Mercado, AM Kraft, ME AF Jarrett, D. G. Muniz-Mercado, A. M. Kraft, M. E. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Automation of 1 T Omega to 100 T Omega ultra-high resistance measurements at NIST SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID STANDARD RESISTORS; GUARDED BRIDGE AB The automation of ultra-high resistance measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the range I TO to 100 TO has been completed with the use of a programmable XY positioning system to facilitate the guarded connection of multiple standard resistors to an automated dual-source bridge. Automated guarded switching that is immune to leakages to ground is critical to the characterization of standard resistors and transfer standards in this range. C1 [Jarrett, D. G.; Muniz-Mercado, A. M.; Kraft, M. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jarrett, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 270 EP 271 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574757 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400135 ER PT B AU Haddad, D Juncar, P Geneves, G AF Haddad, D. Juncar, P. Geneves, G. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Use of diffracted Gaussian beams in position sensinga SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB Authors present a novel method in position sensing based on the diffraction of Gaussian beams, their propagation proper-ties and their spatial modulation*. The idea is to focus two modulated and collimated Gaussian beams into a slit. The resulting diffracted beams at the slit illuminate a photodetector whose signal is demodulated by a lock-in amplifier. The response of the lock-in amplifier is a function of the slit position with respect to the two modulated Gaussian beams. Resolution of 25 pm can be achieved. C1 [Haddad, D.; Juncar, P.; Geneves, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8171, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Haddad, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8171, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM darine.haddad@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 286 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574765 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400143 ER PT B AU Eppeldauer, GP Brown, SW Lykke, KR Miller, CC Ohno, Y Yoon, HW AF Eppeldauer, G. P. Brown, S. W. Lykke, K. R. Miller, C. C. Ohno, Y. Yoon, H. W. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI NIST reference spectral responsivity scales for improving the Si candela and kelvin SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID RADIOMETER AB Both SI units, the candela and the kelvin were originally derived from standard blackbody sources. Recently, instead of source-based calibrations, they both have been realized with optical detector standards [1, 2]. Recent decrease of the measurement uncertainties in detector-based calibrations resulted in improved uncertainties in these SI units. C1 [Eppeldauer, G. P.; Brown, S. W.; Lykke, K. R.; Miller, C. C.; Ohno, Y.; Yoon, H. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 296 EP 297 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574770 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400148 ER PT B AU Fujii, K Waseda, A Kuramoto, N Becker, P Nicolaus, A Krumrey, M Danzebrink, HU Busch, I Bettin, H Mana, G Massa, E Valkiers, S Giardini, W Kessler, E Downes, S Picard, A Riemann, H AF Fujii, K. Waseda, A. Kuramoto, N. Becker, P. Nicolaus, A. Krumrey, M. Danzebrink, H. -U. Busch, I. Bettin, H. Mana, G. Massa, E. Valkiers, S. Giardini, W. Kessler, E. Downes, S. Picard, A. Riemann, H. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Status of the international effort on the x-ray crystal density work and its progress towards a measurement of the Avogadro constant SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID SILICON-CRYSTALS; SPHERES AB The present status of an international attempt of several national metrology institutes to determine the Avogadro constant with a relative standard uncertainty better than 2-10(-8) is presented. To this end, a world-wide collaboration has been set up to produce a 5 kg Si-28 single crystal with an enrichment factor greater than 99.985%. Technological steps for the growth of the Si-28 single crystal, manufacturing of two 1 kg Si-28 spheres, and first experimental results are reported. C1 [Fujii, K.; Waseda, A.; Kuramoto, N.] AIST, NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Becker, P.; Nicolaus, A.; Krumrey, M.; Danzebrink, H. -U.; Busch, I.; Bettin, H.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Braunschweig, Germany. [Mana, G.; Massa, E.] INRIM, Turin, Italy. [Kessler, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Downes, S.] Natl Phys Lab, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. [Picard, A.] Bur Int Poids & Mesures, Sevres, France. [Riemann, H.] IKZ, Berlin, Germany. RP Fujii, K (reprint author), AIST, NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. RI Krumrey, Michael/G-6295-2011; OI Mana, Giovanni/0000-0002-4109-7254 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 300 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574772 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400150 ER PT B AU Jones, GR Elmquist, RE AF Jones, G. R. Elmquist, R. E. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Characterization of loading effects in precision 1 Omega resistors SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB Precision standard resistors manufactured within the last two decades using improved construction techniques and materials, such as the resistance alloy Evanohm(double dagger), have been shown to have excellent environmental characteristics. Power dissipation (or loading) effects in several types of resistors have been examined including specifically those made of Manganin(double dagger) and Evanohm, and with the resistor element both sealed within a double wall container, or unsealed. Our recent tests on these resistors demonstrate that conditions of power dissipation within the resistors and the duty cycle of the power applied to the resistor have significant effect on the uncertainty of the measurement. C1 [Jones, G. R.; Elmquist, R. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jones, GR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 392 EP 393 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574818 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400196 ER PT B AU Crowley, TP Cui, XH AF Crowley, T. P. Cui, Xiaohai BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Design and evaluation of a WR-15 (50 to 75 GHz) microcalorimeter SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB The design and correction factor evaluation of a WR-15 (50 to 75 GHz) rectangular waveguide microcalorimeter is presented. This new microcalorimeter will be the US national standard for power from 50 to 75 GHz. It can measure the effective efficiency of a wider variety of transfer standards than can the previous microcalorimeter. It has also been designed so that its correction factor can be experimentally evaluated by multiple techniques. C1 [Crowley, T. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. [Cui, Xiaohai] Natl Inst Metrol, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Crowley, TP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. NR 4 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 420 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574832 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400210 ER PT B AU Arz, U Leinhos, J Janezic, MD AF Arz, Uwe Leinhos, Jens Janezic, Michael D. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Effect of material properties on broadband electrical behavior of coplanar waveguides SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB We investigate the importance of broadband substrate permittivity and loss tangent data for accurately calculating the frequency-dependent characteristic impedance and propagation constant of ungrounded coplanar waveguides (CPWs). To determine the electrical properties of a CPW, we use a quasi-TEM model that takes into account the effects of non-ideal conductors, substrate loss and finite metallization thickness. The propagation of uncertainties is studied with the aid of Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. C1 [Arz, Uwe; Leinhos, Jens] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. [Janezic, Michael D.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Arz, U (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-3300 Braunschweig, Germany. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 470 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400235 ER PT B AU Waltrip, BC Gong, B Nelson, TL Wang, Y Burroughs, CJ Rufenacht, A Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD AF Waltrip, B. C. Gong, B. Nelson, T. L. Wang, Y. Burroughs, C. J. Rufenacht, A. Benz, S. P. Dresselhaus, P. D. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI AC power standard using a programmable Josephson voltage standard SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID CALIBRATION AB This paper describes the implementation of a new quantum-based system for the generation of 120 V, 5 A, sinusoidal active and reactive power over the 50 Hz to 400 Hz frequency range. The system accurately relates the spectral amplitudes and phases of the voltage and current waveforms of the generated power to a programmable Josephson voltage standard (PJVS) using a novel differential sampling technique. The system also employs a new voltage amplifier that performs self-calibration and correction of gain and phase errors. Details of the system design, measurement techniques, and significant sources of error are presented. C1 [Waltrip, B. C.; Gong, B.; Nelson, T. L.; Wang, Y.; Burroughs, C. J.; Rufenacht, A.; Benz, S. P.; Dresselhaus, P. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Waltrip, BC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 480 EP 481 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574862 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400240 ER PT B AU Randa, J AF Randa, James BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Uncertainty analysis for noise-parameter measurements SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID AMPLIFIER NOISE; NIST AB A brief summary is presented for the uncertainty analysis for measurements of noise parameters of amplifiers and transistors, in both connectorized (coaxial) and on-wafer environments. We treat both the X-parameters, which are based on the wave representation of the noise correlation matrix, and the traditional IEEE noise parameters. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Randa, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 498 EP 499 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574871 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400249 ER PT B AU Francis, MH Wittmann, RC Direen, RH AF Francis, M. H. Wittmann, R. C. Direen, R. H. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Antenna test range imaging using spherical near-field scanning SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB Although the theory is straightforward, practical implementation of spherical near-field scanning for evaluating test chambers presents some significant challenges. Among these are the selection of an appropriate probe and the difficulty in minimizing support-structure blockage. We report on recent NIST efforts to address these difficulties and present our most recent results. C1 [Francis, M. H.; Wittmann, R. C.; Direen, R. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Francis, MH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 502 EP 503 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574873 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400251 ER PT B AU Baker-Jarvis, J Janezic, MD Riddle, B Wittmann, RC AF Baker-Jarvis, James Janezic, Michael D. Riddle, Bill Wittmann, Ronald C. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Permittvity and permeability and the basis of effective parameters SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB The concepts of effective permittivity and permeability are used throughout the literature to describe heterogeneous materials, inhomogeneous materials, and small collections of molecules. In this paper we study definitions of the permittivity and permeability based on the microscopic Maxwell's equations and then discuss the ramifications of the common usage of the term "effective". C1 [Baker-Jarvis, James; Janezic, Michael D.; Riddle, Bill; Wittmann, Ronald C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Baker-Jarvis, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 522 EP 523 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574883 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400261 ER PT B AU Lee, RD Wang, YC FitzPatrick, GJ AF Lee, Rae Duk Wang, Yicheng FitzPatrick, Gerald J. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI 3-D field simulation to design a calculable capacitor SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB Investigation of an electrode system for a new calculable capacitor is being carried out at NIST through 3-D field simulation. From the results, we have determined the most critical factors to the design of the system. The scope of the study would not have been possible through any empirical study. C1 [Lee, Rae Duk; Wang, Yicheng; FitzPatrick, Gerald J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Lee, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 562 EP 563 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400281 ER PT B AU Avramov-Zamurovic, S Lee, RD AF Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana Lee, Rae Duk BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI A capacitance sensor suite evaluation SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB An experiment was set up to evaluate a sensor suite containing an affordable commercially available capacitance to digital converter and a simple custom-built capacitance sensor. A set of surface mount capacitors was thoughtfully assembled for evaluation purposes. The results show good short-term stability, allowing the effective use of the sensor suite in an object classification application. C1 [Avramov-Zamurovic, Svetlana] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Lee, Rae Duk] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Avramov-Zamurovic, S (reprint author), USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 564 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574904 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400282 ER PT B AU Filipski, PS Kinard, JR Lipe, TE Tang, Y Benz, SP AF Filipski, P. S. Kinard, J. R. Lipe, T. E. Tang, Y. Benz, S. P. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Correction of systematic errors due to the voltage leads in ac Josephson Voltage Standard SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB NIST recently reported the first application of a quantum ac Josephson Voltage Standard (ACJVS) for calibration of thermal transfer standards in the 1 kHz to 10 kHz frequency range. This paper describes preliminary work on extending its frequency calibration range up to 100 kHz by correcting systematic errors due to voltage leads. C1 [Filipski, P. S.] Natl Res Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd Bldg, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Kinard, J. R.; Lipe, T. E.; Tang, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Benz, S. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Filipski, PS (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Rd Bldg, Ottawa, ON, Canada. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 598 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574921 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400299 ER PT B AU Tang, Y Wood, B Hamilton, CA AF Tang, Y. Wood, B. Hamilton, C. A. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI A two-way Josephson voltage standard comparison between NIST and NRC SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB A two-way Josephson voltage standard (JVS) direct comparison between the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the National Research Council (NRC) has been conducted. The process consists of two comparisons, one using NIST designed hardware and software and the other using NRC designed hardware and software. The results of the two comparisons are in agreement to within 0.7 nV and their mean indicates that the difference between the two JVSs at 10 V is -0.28 nV with a pooled combined uncertainty of 2.07 nV (k=2). C1 [Tang, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wood, B.] CNR, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Hamilton, C. A.] VMetrix LLC, Boulder, CO USA. RP Tang, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 600 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574922 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400300 ER PT B AU Wittmann, RC Francis, MH Alpert, BK AF Wittmann, R. C. Francis, M. H. Alpert, B. K. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Correcting for nonideal probe locations in near-field scanning measurements of antenna parameters SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB We discuss efficient near-field to far-field transformation algorithms that relax the usual restriction that data points be located on regular grids on special surfaces (planar, spherical, or cylindrical). C1 [Wittmann, R. C.; Francis, M. H.; Alpert, B. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wittmann, RC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 636 EP 637 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574940 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400318 ER PT B AU Kang, J Kang, N Francis, M MacReynolds, K AF Kang, J. Kang, N. Francis, M. MacReynolds, K. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Bi-lateral comparison of V-band antenna gain between KRISS and NIST SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB A bi-lateral comparison of power gain for a V-band (50 GHz - 75 GHz) Cassegrain antenna and a standard horn antenna has been performed between KRISS and NIST. This paper describes the comparison and its progress so far. Measurement results will be presented at the conference. C1 [Kang, J.; Kang, N.] KRISS, Electromagnet Metrol Ctr, 1 Doryong Dong, Taejon, South Korea. [Francis, M.; MacReynolds, K.] NIST, Fields Grp, Boulder, CO USA. RP MacReynolds, K (reprint author), KRISS, Electromagnet Metrol Ctr, 1 Doryong Dong, Taejon, South Korea. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 646 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574945 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400323 ER PT B AU Scarioni, L Lipe, TE Kinard, JR AF Scarioni, L. Lipe, T. E. Kinard, J. R. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Design and fabrication of MJTCs on quartz substrates at NIST SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID MULTIJUNCTION THERMAL CONVERTERS AB Dry etching is employed in the fabrication of new planar, thin-film multijunction thermal converters (MJTCs) on quartz membranes and crystalline quartz chips at NIST. The use of crystalline quartz as a material for the membrane and for the chip improves the performance of the MJTC in the frequency range from 100 kHz to 100 MHz. Simulations of the ac-dc voltage transfer difference for a heater resistance of 400 Omega in the frequency range from 1 MHz to 100 MHz show a reduction in the ac-dc transfer difference of more than one order of magnitude in comparison with MJTCs fabricated on silicon chips. C1 [Scarioni, L.] Univ Caraboba, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Fis, Valencia, Venezuela. [Lipe, T. E.; Kinard, J. R.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Scarioni, L (reprint author), Univ Caraboba, Fac Ciencias & Tecnol, Dept Fis, Valencia, Venezuela. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 648 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574946 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400324 ER PT B AU Jabbour, Z Abbott, PJ Chalfoun, J Liu, R Williams, E AF Jabbour, Z. Abbott, P. J. Chalfoun, J. Liu, R. Williams, E. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI A magnetic levitation technique for the simultaneous comparison of mass artifacts in air and vacuum SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID KILOGRAM; CONSTANT AB We describe a mass comparison system in which a test mass artifact in air can be directly compared to a standard mass artifact in vacuum using the same high precision comparator balance. The system uses a magnetic levitation technique to couple the weighing pan of the comparator balance in vacuum to the test mass in air. We will discuss motivation, design considerations, and preliminary results. C1 [Jabbour, Z.; Abbott, P. J.; Chalfoun, J.; Liu, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Williams, E.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Electron & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Jabbour, Z (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 662 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574953 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400331 ER PT B AU Hale, PD Williams, DF Dienstfrey, A Wang, CM Lewandowski, A Clement, TS Keenan, D AF Hale, P. D. Williams, D. F. Dienstfrey, A. Wang, C. M. Lewandowski, A. Clement, T. S. Keenan, D. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Complete waveform characterization at nist SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID SAMPLING OSCILLOSCOPES AB We present a method for calibrating the voltage that a pulse generator produces at a load at every point in the measured waveform epoch. The calibration includes an equivalent circuit model of the generator so that the user can calculate how the generator will behave when it is connected to different instruments. The calibration also includes a covariance-based uncertainty analysis that provides the uncertainty of each sample and the correlations between the uncertainties at the different time points. Given the calibrated waveform and its covariance matrix, various pulse parameters and their uncertainties can also be calculated. C1 [Hale, P. D.; Williams, D. F.; Dienstfrey, A.; Wang, C. M.; Lewandowski, A.; Clement, T. S.; Keenan, D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hale, PD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 680 EP 681 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574962 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400340 ER PT B AU Wallis, TM Imtiaz, A Nembach, H Bertness, KA Sanford, NA Blanchard, PT Kabos, P AF Wallis, T. M. Imtiaz, A. Nembach, H. Bertness, K. A. Sanford, N. A. Blanchard, P. T. Kabos, P. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Calibrated broadband electrical characterization of nanowires SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES AB We present a technique for broadband electrical characterization of nanowires up to 40 GHz. The technique relies on established on-wafer, microwave calibration methods as well as direct measurement of the capacitive coupling that is in parallel with the nanowire admittance. GaN nanowire devices are used to demonstrate the measurement technique and their response is found to depend strongly on the quality of electrical contacts and the geometry of the nanowire network. C1 [Wallis, T. M.; Imtiaz, A.; Nembach, H.; Bertness, K. A.; Sanford, N. A.; Blanchard, P. T.; Kabos, P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wallis, TM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 684 EP 685 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574964 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400342 ER PT B AU Wang, YC Lee, RD Lu, L Lawall, J Chijioke, A AF Wang, Yicheng Lee, Rae Duk Lu, Liang Lawall, John Chijioke, Akobuije BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Next-generation calculable capacitor using a tunable-laser interferometer SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB A new calculable capacitor with an operating range of 0.1 pF is being developed at NIST. Incorporation of Fabry-Perot displacement metrology employing a tunable laser will allow a continuous set of electrode displacements, as opposed to the discrete set in the current implementation. In addition, the reduced uncertainty in the displacement measurement will allow a considerably more compact apparatus, greatly minimizing errors arising from other sources. C1 [Wang, Yicheng; Lee, Rae Duk; Lu, Liang; Lawall, John; Chijioke, Akobuije] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, YC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 686 EP 687 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574965 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400343 ER PT B AU Spietz, L Tew, W Schoelkopf, RJ AF Spietz, Lafe Tew, W. Schoelkopf, R. J. BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Systematic errors in Shot Noise Thermometer measurements SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO AB We report comparisons between the Shot Noise Thermometer (SNT), a primary thermometer based on the electronic noise from a tunnel junction, and the ITS-90 in the temperature range from 4 K to 30 K. The SNT indicates a temperature that is systematically high compared to T-90, and we explain the probable origin of this effect. We characterize other systematic effects in the SNT and provide a roadmap for future extensions in the accuracy of the SNT which could make it metrologically useful in the lower-most ranges of the ITS-90 and especially in the range of the PLTS-2000. C1 [Spietz, Lafe; Tew, W.] Yale Univ, NIST, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Schoelkopf, R. J.] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RP Spietz, L (reprint author), Yale Univ, NIST, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. RI Schoelkopf, Robert/J-8178-2012 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 702 EP + DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574973 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400351 ER PT B AU Gu, D Walker, DK Randa, J AF Gu, Dazhen Walker, David K. Randa, James BE Cookson, AH Winter, TL TI Noise-parameter measurement with automated variable terminations SO 2008 CONFERENCE ON PRECISION ELECTROMAGNETIC MEASUREMENTS DIGEST LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Precision Electromagnetic Measurements CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Broomfield, CO ID NIST AB NIST has upgraded its measurement capability of noise parameters on low-noise amplifiers with a variable termination unit in the 1 to 12.4 GHz range. Such a unit allows improved time efficiency in the noise-temperature measurements used to de-embed noise parameters of amplifiers. We present measured results for noise parameters of a low noise amplifier in the frequency range of 8 to 12 GHz. C1 [Gu, Dazhen; Walker, David K.; Randa, James] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Gu, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2399-6 PY 2008 BP 706 EP 707 DI 10.1109/CPEM.2008.4574975 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BHZ71 UT WOS:000257775400353 ER PT B AU Arz, U Leinhos, J Janezic, MD AF Arz, U. Leinhos, J. Janezic, Michael D. GP IEEE TI Broadband Dielectric Material Characterization: A Comparison of On-Wafer and Split-Cylinder Resonator Measurements SO 2008 EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th European Microwave Conference CY OCT 27-31, 2008 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS ID PERMITTIVITY CHARACTERIZATION AB We examine a broadband method to extract the relative permittivity and loss tangent of low-loss dielectric substrates from on-wafer scattering-parameter measurements of coplanar waveguides of differing lengths. To validate this method, we compare with measurements performed using two different split-cylinder resonators and demonstrate agreement over a broad frequency range. C1 [Arz, U.; Leinhos, J.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Janezic, Michael D.] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Arz, U (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, Bundesallee 100, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM uwe.arz@ptb.de; jens.leinhos@ptb.de; janezic@boulder.nist.gov FU U.S. Government FX Work partially supported by U.S. Government, not subject to U.S. copyright NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3794-8 PY 2008 BP 571 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJE19 UT WOS:000265089100145 ER PT B AU Luukaneno, A Gronberg, L Haarnoja, T Helisto, P Leivo, M Rautianinen, A Penttila, J Bjarnason, JE Dietlein, CR Grossman, E AF Luukaneno, Arttu Gronberg, Leif Haarnoja, Tuomas Helisto, Panu Leivo, Mikko Rautianinen, Anssi Penttila, Jari Bjarnason, Jon E. Dietlein, Charles R. Grossman, Erich GP IEEE TI Passive broadband terahertz camera for stand-off concealed threat identification using superconducting antenna-coupled microbolometers SO 2008 EUROPEAN MICROWAVE CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 38th European Microwave Conference CY OCT 27-31, 2008 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS AB Over the past several years, many groups have developed both millimeter-wave as well as terahertz imaging systems for concealed weapons detection. Typically, systems operating at the millimetre-wave range benefit from good transmission of these frequencies through common clothing materials, but provide only modest spatial resolving power at distances larger than a few meters for practical aperture sizes (dap<1 m). Hence, these existing systems fall in the category of anomaly detectors, i.e. they intrinsically lack the performance to discriminate threat items from innocuous objects, such as cell phones, mp3 players and the like. Moreover, the radiometric performance of a passive imager has to be better than 0.5 K per frame for sufficient signal-to-noise ratio. In this joint Euro-American effort, we are developing a passive similar to 0.3 THz -1 THz camera demonstrator capable of sub-Kelvin thermal resolution at video frame rates. The cryogen-free system utilizes a linear array of cryogenic antenna-coupled vacuum-bridge microbolometers, coupled to innovative all-reflective conical scanning optics and room temperature read-out electronics. First imaging results from the video rate system will be presented. C1 [Luukaneno, Arttu] MilliLab, Millimeter Wave Lab Finland, Espoo, Finland. [Gronberg, Leif; Haarnoja, Tuomas; Helisto, Panu; Leivo, Mikko; Rautianinen, Anssi] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, Espoo, Finland. [Penttila, Jari] Aivon Oy, Espoo, Finland. [Bjarnason, Jon E.; Dietlein, Charles R.; Grossman, Erich] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO USA. [Dietlein, Charles R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Boulder, CO USA. RP Luukaneno, A (reprint author), MilliLab, Millimeter Wave Lab Finland, Espoo, Finland. EM arttu.luukanen@vtt.fi FU TEKES the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation [40384/05, 40306/07]; Department of Homeland Security Directorate for Science and Technology; NSF interdisciplinary award [0501578] FX The work at VTT has been party funded by TEKES the Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation, decisions #40384/05 and #40306/07. For the research carried out at NIST, the authors acknowledge the support by the Department of Homeland Security Directorate for Science and Technology, and NSF interdisciplinary award #0501578. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3794-8 PY 2008 BP 1787 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJE19 UT WOS:000265089100454 ER PT B AU Cheong, BL Palmer, RD Curtis, C Yu, TY Zrnic, D Forsyth, D AF Cheong, Boon Leng Palmer, Robert D. Curtis, Christopher Yu, Tian-You Zrnic, Dusan Forsyth, Douglas GP IEEE TI Real-time Rapid Refractivity Retrieval Using the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar SO 2008 EUROPEAN RADAR CONFERENCE SE European Radar Conference EuRAD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th European Radar Conference CY OCT 30-31, 2008 CL Amsterdam, NETHERLANDS AB A real-time rapid refractivity retrieval platform for the National Weather Radar Testbed Phased Array Radar (NWRT PAR) is currently being developed at the University of Oklahoma, Norman, USA. From our previous efforts in the 2007 KTLX refractivity experiment [1], a software module to produce refractivity products has been developed and will be ported over to the NWRT PAR this year for the Spring 2008 experiment campaign. One of the advantages of using the PAR is the ability to retrieve a refractivity map in an extremely short time. In this paper, refractivity map from different dwell times will be presented. Topical scans using 64 pulses are used as a reference for comparison. By extracting subsets of the 64 pulses, shorter dwell times can be simulated and it will be shown that refractivity can be retrieved reliably even with a 2-pulse dwell. For a 1 ms PRT, this is equivalent to retrieving a 90 degrees sector scan every 180 ms. C1 [Cheong, Boon Leng; Palmer, Robert D.; Yu, Tian-You] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Cheong, Boon Leng; Palmer, Robert D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meterol, Norman, OK USA. [Yu, Tian-You] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK USA. [Curtis, Christopher] CIMMS, Norman, OK USA. [Curtis, Christopher; Zrnic, Dusan; Forsyth, Douglas] NOAA, OAR, Natl Serv Stroms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Cheong, BL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM boonleng@ou.edu; rpalmer@ou.edu; chris.curtis@noaa.gov; tyu@ou.edu; dusan.zrnic@noaa.gov; douglas.forsyth@noaa.gov FU National Severe Storms Laboratory (NOAA/NSSL) [NA17RJ1227] FX This work was partially supported by the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NOAA/NSSL) under cooperative agreement NA17RJ1227. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-2-8748-7009-5 J9 EUROP RADAR CONF PY 2008 BP 64 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BMD29 UT WOS:000271901200017 ER PT B AU Yoo, SJ Golmie, N Xu, HL AF Yoo, Sang-Jo Golmie, Nada Xu, Haolang GP IEEE TI QoS-Aware Channel Scanning for IEEE 802.11 Wireless LAN SO 2008 IEEE 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Cannes, FRANCE SP IEEE AB Channel scanning is an important aspect of seamless handovers since it is required in order to find a target point of attachment (PoA). In the IEEE 802.11 WLAN, scanning of other channels causes service disruptions with the current AP so that the provided quality of service (QoS) will be degraded seriously during the handoff. In this paper, we propose a QoS supported dynamic channel scanning algorithm. The scanning period is scheduled to guarantee the user's QoS requirements while the scan progresses. The simulation results show that the proposed mechanism reduces service disruptions and provides the desired quality of service to users during the scanning period.. C1 [Yoo, Sang-Jo] Inha Univ, Inchon, South Korea. [Golmie, Nada; Xu, Haolang] Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Yoo, SJ (reprint author), Inha Univ, Inchon, South Korea. EM sangjo.yoo@nist.gov; nada.golmie@nist.gov; haolangx@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2643-0 PY 2008 BP 137 EP 142 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BRH60 UT WOS:000282721800027 ER PT B AU Rouil, R Golmie, N Montavont, N AF Rouil, Richard Golmie, Nada Montavont, Nicolas GP IEEE TI IEEE 802.21 Transport Solution Using Cross-Layer Optimized Stream Control Transmission Protocol SO 2008 IEEE 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Cannes, FRANCE SP IEEE AB The Media Independent Handover (MIH) architecture is designed to facilitate the signaling and enable seamless handovers in heterogeneous networks. In this paper, we propose a solution using the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) to efficiently carry MIH messages. The solution uses SCTP's multihoming and multistreaming capabilities along with cross-layer information available through the MIH. We analyze the performance of the proposed solution for various packet loss conditions. C1 [Rouil, Richard; Golmie, Nada] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Montavont, Nicolas] Telecom Bretagne, Institut Telecom, Brest, France. RP Rouil, R (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.rouil@nist.gov; nada.golmie@nist.gov; nicolas.montavont@telecom-bretagne.eu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2643-0 PY 2008 BP 1167 EP 1171 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BRH60 UT WOS:000282721800226 ER PT B AU Sayrafian-Pour, K Kaspar, D AF Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran Kaspar, Dominik GP IEEE TI A Robust Model-based Approach to Indoor Positioning Using Signal Strength SO 2008 IEEE 19TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PERSONAL, INDOOR AND MOBILE RADIO COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IEEE International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications CY SEP 15-18, 2008 CL Cannes, FRANCE SP IEEE DE localization; signal processing; ray-tracing; indoor; propagation; beamforming AB A simple technique to estimate the position of a mobile node inside a building is based on the Received Signal Strength (RSS). In previous publications, we investigated the effectiveness of using circular array antennas and beamforming in order to enable an access point to estimate the position of a mobile inside a building. We also discussed the feasibility of using model-based radio maps to reduce the need for extensive offline measurements. In this paper, a positioning algorithm based on the relative order of the received signal strengths is discussed. This algorithm in conjunction with the ray-tracing propagation model can have promising performance for indoor environments and essentially eliminates the needs for an extensive set of a priori measurement, training or intricate calibration. C1 [Sayrafian-Pour, Kamran] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sayrafian-Pour, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ksayrafian@nist.gov; kaspar@simula.no NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2643-0 PY 2008 BP 2168 EP 2172 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BRH60 UT WOS:000282721801119 ER PT S AU Sasanus, S Tipper, D Qian, Y AF Sasanus, Saowaphak Tipper, David Qian, Yi GP IEEE TI Impact of signaling load on the UMTS call blocking/dropping SO 2008 IEEE 67TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE-SPRING, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 67th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference CY MAY 11-14, 2008 CL Marina Bay, SINGAPORE SP IEEE ID ADMISSION CONTROL AB Radio resources in third generation (3G) wireless cellular networks (WCNs) such as the universal mobile telecommunications system (UNITS) network are limited in terms of soft capacity. The quality of a signaling service transmission depends on various factors (i.e., a user's location, speed, and data rate requirement), and has an impact on the quality of user data communications where the opposite is also true. In this paper, we provide the first step to evaluate the impact that various signaling service types have on call blocking and ongoing call dropping in UMTS systems. The radio resource's acquisition time for various signaling services is calculated according to the specifications in UMTS standards. The maximum number of sessions that a signaling service type can transmit simultaneously is estimated along with the impact when other signaling service types are transmitted. Our analysis reduces the computational complexity in the call admission control (CAC) and allows the preservation of classes of services. An example traffic scenario is given illustrating the benefit of our study. C1 [Sasanus, Saowaphak; Tipper, David] Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Informat Sci, Telecommun Program, 135 N Bellefield Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. [Qian, Yi] NIST, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sasanus, S (reprint author), Univ Pittsburgh, Sch Informat Sci, Telecommun Program, 135 N Bellefield Ave, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA. EM sasst128@pitt.edu; dtipper@pitt.edu; yqian@nist.gov FU TOT Corporation Public Co. ltd FX This work was supported by a scholarship from TOT Corporation Public Co. ltd. The author would like to thank Dr. P. Krishnamurthy for his advises. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-2252 BN 978-1-4244-1644-8 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2008 BP 2507 EP + DI 10.1109/VETECS.2008.552 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BIG24 UT WOS:000259298001234 ER PT S AU Qian, Y Moayeri, N AF Qian, Y. Moayeri, Nader GP IEEE TI Design of secure and application-oriented VANETs SO 2008 IEEE 67TH VEHICULAR TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE-SPRING, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE VTS Vehicular Technology Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 67th IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference CY MAY 11-14, 2008 CL Marina Bay, SINGAPORE SP IEEE DE VANET; security; safety; application-oriented ID NETWORKS AB Vehicular ad hoe networks (VANETs) are important components of Intelligent Transportation Systems. The main benefit of VANET communication is seen in active safety systems that increase passenger safety by exchanging warning messages between vehicles. Other applications and private services are also permitted in order to lower the cost and to encourage VANET deployment and adoption. Security is one of the major challenges that must be addressed before VANETs can be successfully deployed. Another crucial issue is support of different applications and services in VANETs. In this paper we propose a secure and application-oriented network design framework for VANETs. We consider both security requirements of the communications and other requirements of potential VANET applications and services. The proposed framework consists of two basic components: an application-aware control scheme and a unified routing scheme. We also study a number of key enabling technologies that are important to a practical VANET. Our study provides a guideline for the design of a more secure and practical VANET. C1 [Qian, Y.; Moayeri, Nader] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Qian, Y (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1090-3038 BN 978-1-4244-1644-8 J9 IEEE VTS VEH TECHNOL PY 2008 BP 2794 EP 2799 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications; Transportation Science & Technology SC Engineering; Telecommunications; Transportation GA BIG24 UT WOS:000259298001292 ER PT B AU Wittmann, RC Francis, MH Direen, RH AF Wittmann, R. C. Francis, M. H. Direen, R. H. GP IEEE TI Chamber Imaging Using Spherical Near-Field Scanning SO 2008 IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1-9 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Antennas-and-Propagation-Society International Symposium CY JUL 05-11, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE C1 [Wittmann, R. C.; Francis, M. H.; Direen, R. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wittmann, RC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM francis@boulder.nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2041-4 PY 2008 BP 895 EP 898 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIO99 UT WOS:000261440600225 ER PT B AU Williams, PA Drapela, TJ AF Williams, P. A. Drapela, T. J. GP IEEE TI FIBER OPTIC MEASUREMENT CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE AEROSPACE INDUSTRY: LESSONS LEARNED FROM TELECOMMUNICATIONS SO 2008 IEEE AVIONICS, FIBER-OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Avonic, Fiber-Optics and Photonics Technology Conference CY SEP 30-OCT 02, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE Lasers & Electro Opt Soc ID MODE-FIELD DIAMETER C1 [Williams, P. A.; Drapela, T. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1919-7 PY 2008 BP 81 EP 82 DI 10.1109/AVFOP.2008.4653186 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BIZ63 UT WOS:000263987800039 ER PT S AU Berning, DW Duong, TH Ortiz-Rodriguez, JM Rivera-Lopez, A Hefner, AR AF Berning, David W. Duong, Tam H. Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose M. Rivera-Lopez, Angel Hefner, Allen R., Jr. GP IEEE TI High-Voltage Isolated Gate Drive Circuit for 1 kV, 100 A Sick MOSFET/JBS Power Modules SO 2008 IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE INDUSTRY APPLICATIONS SOCIETY ANNUAL MEETING LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Industry-Applications-Society Annual Meeting CY OCT 05-09, 2008 CL Alberta, CANADA SP Ind Applicat Soc AB A high-current, high-voltage-isolated gate drive circuit developed for characterization of high-voltage, high-frequency 10 kV, 100 A SiC MOSFET/JBS half-bridge power modules is presented and described. Gate driver characterization and simulation demonstrate that the circuit satisfies the gate drive requirements for the SiC power modules in applications such as the DARPA WBST-HPE Solid State Power Substation (SSPS). These requirements include 30 kV voltage-isolation for the high-side MOSFETs, very low capacitance between the ground and floating driver sides, and 20 kHz operation. Block diagram and detailed discussion of principles of operation of the gate drive circuit are given, together with measured and simulated waveforms of performance evaluation. C1 [Berning, David W.; Duong, Tam H.; Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose M.; Rivera-Lopez, Angel; Hefner, Allen R., Jr.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Berning, DW (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-2618 BN 978-1-4244-2278-4 J9 IEEE IND APPLIC SOC PY 2008 BP 352 EP 358 PG 7 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW69 UT WOS:000263417000054 ER PT S AU Maezawa, A Gong, B Waltrip, B FitzPatrick, G Wang, YC AF Maezawa, Akira Gong, Bo Waltrip, Bryan FitzPatrick, Gerald Wang, Yicheng GP IEEE TI Using a Precision Bridge for Magnitude and Phase Measurement of a Multiplying DAC with an AC Reference SO 2008 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 12-15, 2008 CL Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE Capacitance; capacitance bridge; phase; multiplying DAC; linearity AB The Andeen-Hagerling double dagger AH2700A Ultra-Precision 50 Hz-20 kHz Capacitance Bridge is used to determine the magnitude and phase errors of Texas Instrument's DAC8811 16-bit Multiplying DAC. An automated testing method using a USB-SPI interface and LabView (TM) to control the DAC is presented. The DAC output magnitude and phase errors are dependent on input code, input frequency, and the input voltage magnitude, and a hypothesis for the dependencies is discussed. C1 [Maezawa, Akira] SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. [Gong, Bo; Waltrip, Bryan; FitzPatrick, Gerald; Wang, Yicheng] NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maezawa, A (reprint author), SUNY Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 USA. EM ywang@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation FX A. M. gratefully thanks the National Science Foundation (Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship, 2007) for funding. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-1540-3 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2008 BP 777 EP + DI 10.1109/IMTC.2008.4547142 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BIP18 UT WOS:000261512100150 ER PT S AU Song, EY Lee, KB AF Song, Eugene Y. Lee, Kang B. GP IEEE TI Sensor Network based on IEEE 1451.0 and IEEE p1451.2-RS232 SO 2008 IEEE INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT TECHNOLOGY CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 SE IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference CY MAY 12-15, 2008 CL Victoria, CANADA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE NCAP; TIM; IEEE 1451.0; IEEE p1451.2; TEDS; TII; RS232; SPI; UART; USB AB The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1451 family of standards defines a set of common communication interfaces for connecting smart transducers (sensors or actuators) to microprocessor-based systems, instruments, and network in a network-independent environment. The IEEE 1451.2 working group is in the process of revising IEEE p.1451.2 to work with the IEEE 1451.0-2007 standard. This paper proposes an architecture of sensor network bayed on the IEEE 1451.0 and IEEE p1451.2 to support the popular interfaces including Recommended Standard 232 (RS232), Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter (UART), Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI), and Universal Serial Bus (USB). It also describes the development and implementation of such a network based on IEEE 1451.0 and p1451.2-RS232. The sensor network consists of a Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP) and a Transducer Interface Module (TIM) with an IEEE p1451.2-RS232 interface. The client-server communication protocols between the NCAP and the TIM have been developed based on the IEEE 1451.0-2007 standard and IEEE p1451.2-RS232 interface. Two case studies are presented as implementation examples. The work described provides a good foundation for updating the IEEE 1451.2-1997 standard to be compatible with the IEEE 1451.0 standard. C1 [Song, Eugene Y.; Lee, Kang B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, EY (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bureau Dr,MS 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ysong@nist.gov; kang.lee@nist.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1091-5281 BN 978-1-4244-1540-3 J9 IEEE IMTC P PY 2008 BP 1728 EP 1733 DI 10.1109/IMTC.2008.4547323 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BIP18 UT WOS:000261512101075 ER PT S AU Gharavi, H Gao, S AF Gharavi, Hamid Gao, Shaoshuai GP IEEE TI Spatial interpolation algorithm for error concealment SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ACOUSTICS, SPEECH AND SIGNAL PROCESSING, VOLS 1-12 SE International Conference on Acoustics Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing CY MAR 30-APR 04, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV DE error concealment; directional interpolation; Hough transform; region growing ID HOUGH TRANSFORM; RECOVERY; IMAGES AB In this paper, we propose a new spatial interpolation algorithm for Intra-Frame error concealment. The method aims at interpolating areas in the image, which have been affected by packet loss. We have proposed an edge detection technique to aid the bilinear interpolation. The edge-detection scheme is based on designing a robust Hough transform-based technique that is capable of systematically connecting edges irrespective of the number of edge points surrounding missing areas. The connected edges are used to divide the missing areas into different regions for interpolation along the directions of each detected line. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can recover the missing areas with a greater accuracy, when compared with the bilinear interpolation technique. C1 [Gharavi, Hamid; Gao, Shaoshuai] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1520-6149 BN 978-1-4244-1483-3 J9 INT CONF ACOUST SPEE PY 2008 BP 1153 EP 1156 DI 10.1109/ICASSP.2008.4517819 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Biomedical; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications SC Acoustics; Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Telecommunications GA BHY47 UT WOS:000257456700289 ER PT B AU Anghel, A Astilean, A Letia, T Komjathy, A AF Anghel, Adela Astilean, Adina Letia, Tiberiu Komjathy, Attila BE Miclea, L Stoian, I TI Near real-time monitoring of the ionosphere using dual frequency GPS data in a Kalman filter approach SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON AUTOMATION, QUALITY AND TESTING, ROBOTICS (AQTR 2008), THETA 16TH EDITION, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Automation, Quality and Testing, Robotics (AQTR 2008) CY MAY 22-25, 2008 CL Cluj Napoca, ROMANIA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TTTC ID TOTAL ELECTRON-CONTENT AB The ionosphere is an important source of errors for the GPS signals that travel through the ionosphere on their way to the ground-based receivers by introducing a frequency dependent path delay proportional to the total electron content (TEC) along the signal path. For dual-frequency GPS receivers, the ionospheric effects can be accounted for by taking advantage of the dispersive nature of the ionosphere in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum, while for the single frequency GPS receivers the ionospheric effects can be minimized by modeling them using, for example, empirical or physics-based ionospheric models. On the other hand, the errors imposed by the ionosphere on the GPS signals can provide important temporal and spatial information about the electron density distribution in the ionosphere. Besides the ionospheric errors, there are some other sources of errors that can affect the GPS signals, such as the satellite and receiver instrumental biases, carrier phase ambiguities, multipath effects, clock errors, orbital errors, tropospheric errors, but which can be compensated for, estimated, or neglected depending on the particular application. In this paper, we are only concerned with the ionospheric effects on the GPS signals, and describe a Kalman filter-based algorithm for near real-time estimation of the line-of-sight and vertical ionospheric TEC and of the combined satellite and receiver instrumental biases, using data from dual-frequency GPS receivers. C1 [Anghel, Adela] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Anghel, Adela] Space Weather Predict Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Astilean, Adina; Letia, Tiberiu] Tech Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Automat, Cluj Napoca, Romania. [Komjathy, Attila] CALTECH, NASA Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Anghel, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU NSF [0207992] FX Funding to carry out this study came from an NSF Space Weather grant, ATM#0207992. NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2576-1 PY 2008 BP 54 EP + DI 10.1109/AQTR.2008.4588793 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering; Robotics GA BIF22 UT WOS:000259080000004 ER PT S AU Lu, KJ Fu, SL Qian, Y AF Lu, Kejie Fu, Shengli Qian, Yi GP IEEE TI Capacity of random wireless networks: Impact of physical-layer network coding SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-13 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2008) CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Chinese Inst Elect, Chinese Inst Commun, Tsinghu Univ, Beijing Univ, Posts & Telecommun AB Since the pioneer work by Gupta and Kumar [1], the throughput capacity of random wireless networks has been studied extensively in the literature. Nevertheless, most existing studies are based on the assumption that each node can receive at most one transmission at a time. However, several recent studies have shown that such a constraint can be relaxed. Particularly, with physical-layer network coding, one node can receive more than one transmission from different transmitters simultaneously In this paper, we investigate the impact of physical-layer network coding on the throughput capacity of random wireless networks. Our analysis show that the physical-layer network coding scheme can improve the throughput capacity but cannot change the scaling law. Specifically, for one-dimensional random wireless network, our analysis provides the capacity of network with physical-layer network coding. For two-dimensional random wireless networks, we derive tighter capacity bounds for existing transmission schemes, as well as the bounds for physical-layer network coding. C1 [Lu, Kejie] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Fu, Shengli] Univ North Texas, Depat Elect Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Chung Cheng Univ, Dept Engn Sci, Chiayi 621, Taiwan. RP Lu, KJ (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [0424546, OCI-0636421, CNS-0709285] FX This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award Number 0424546, OCI-0636421, and CNS-0709285. NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-2074-2 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2008 BP 3903 EP 3907 DI 10.1109/ICC.2008.733 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIH49 UT WOS:000259505002223 ER PT S AU Gentile, C Braga, AJ Kik, A AF Gentile, Camillo Braga, A. Judson Kik, Alfred GP IEEE TI A comprehensive evaluation of joint range and angle estimation in ultra-wideband location systems for indoors SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS, PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1-13 SE IEEE International Conference on Communications LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC 2008) CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE, Chinese Inst Elect, Chinese Inst Commun, Tsinghu Univ, Beijing Univ, Posts & Telecommun DE uniform circular array; frequency-invariant beamforming; spatial-temporal channel modeling AB Fine time resolution enables Ultra-Wideband (UWB) ranging systems to reliably extract the first multipath arrival corresponding to the range between a transmitter and receiver, even when attenuated in strength compared to later arrivals. Bearing systems alone lack any notion of time and in general select the arrival coinciding with the strongest path, which is rarely the first one in non line-of-sight conditions. Complementing UWB ranging systems with bearing capabilities allows indexing the arrivals as a function of both time and angle to isolate the first, providing precision range and angle. In order to gauge (he limits of the Joint UWB system, we carry out close to 20000 measurements up to 45 m in non line-of-sight conditions in four separate buildings with dominant wall material varying from sheet rock to steel. In addition, we report performance for varying bandwidth and center frequency of the system. C1 [Gentile, Camillo; Braga, A. Judson; Kik, Alfred] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1550-3607 BN 978-1-4244-2074-2 J9 IEEE ICC PY 2008 BP 4219 EP 4225 DI 10.1109/ICC.2008.792 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIH49 UT WOS:000259505003032 ER PT S AU Scott, NA Carignan, CR AF Scott, Nicholas A. Carignan, Craig R. GP IEEE TI A line-based obstacle avoidance technique for dexterous manipulator operations SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTICS AND AUTOMATION, VOLS 1-9 SE IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation ICRA LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation CY MAY 19-23, 2008 CL Pasadena, CA SP IEEE ID ROBOTS AB Cameras are often used for visual servoing or real-time mapping of the external environment in both autonomous and teleoperated tasks with a dexterous manipulator. Nominal operations will likely produce manipulator configurations that occlude the line-of-sight from the camera to a target of interest. In this paper, a technique is developed that treats the camera line-of-sight as a virtual obstacle in order to prevent camera occlusion. The approach is based on using virtual point charges to represent obstacles and using the self-motion of the arm to avoid collisions. The approach is demonstrated on the Ranger Dexterous Manipulator. C1 [Scott, Nicholas A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carignan, Craig R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Aeronaut Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Scott, NA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nicholas.scott@nist.gov; craigc@ssl.umd.edu FU NASA Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring the Planets (ASTEP) [NNG04GB31G] FX The authors would like to thank Stephen Roderick and Joseph Lisee for their invaluable software support for this work. This project was sponsored by the NASA Astrobiology Science and Technology for Exploring the Planets (ASTEP) program under grant #NNG04GB31G. NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1050-4729 BN 978-1-4244-1646-2 J9 IEEE INT CONF ROBOT PY 2008 BP 3353 EP + DI 10.1109/ROBOT.2008.4543722 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Robotics GA BIB31 UT WOS:000258095002100 ER PT B AU Watabe, K Ikegami, T Takamizawa, A Yanagimachi, S Ohshima, S Knappe, S AF Watabe, K. Ikegami, T. Takamizawa, A. Yanagimachi, S. Ohshima, S. Knappe, S. GP IEEE TI Dark Resonance in Bichromatic Linearly Polarized Optical Field on Cs D-1 Line SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 19-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID POPULATION TRAPPING RESONANCES; CONTRAST; RB-87; VAPOR AB We describe a simple method for observing high-contrast coherent population trapping signals on the Cs D-1 line. The high-contrast signals were achieved by use of a bichromatic linear polarized tight (lin||lin field). C1 [Watabe, K.; Ikegami, T.; Takamizawa, A.; Yanagimachi, S.; Ohshima, S.] AIST, NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. [Knappe, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Colorado Springs, CO 80305 USA. RP Watabe, K (reprint author), AIST, NMIJ, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. FU Strategic Information and Communications R&D Promotion Programme (SCOPE); Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan FX This work was partially supported by the Strategic Information and Communications R&D Promotion Programme (SCOPE) from the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications of Japan. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1794-0 PY 2008 BP 107 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4622967 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIO06 UT WOS:000261285400022 ER PT B AU Ludlow, AD Campbell, GK Blatt, S Boyd, MM Zelevinsky, T Martin, MJ de Miranda, MHG Thomsen, JW Ye, J Fortier, TM Stalnaker, JE Diddams, SA Oates, CW AF Ludlow, A. D. Campbell, G. K. Blatt, S. Boyd, M. M. Zelevinsky, T. Martin, M. J. de Miranda, M. H. G. Thomsen, J. W. Ye, Jun Fortier, T. M. Stalnaker, J. E. Diddams, S. A. Oates, C. W. GP IEEE TI Strontium Optical Lattice Clock: 10(-16) Uncertainty SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 19-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB We report on the improved characterization and operation of an optical frequency standard based on nuclear-spin-polarized, ultracold neutral strontium confined in a one dimensional optical lattice. We implement a remote optical carrier phase link between JILA and NIST Boulder Campus, permitting high precision evaluation of the Sr system with other optical standards. Frequency measurement against a free-space Ca standard enables determination of systematic shifts of the Sr standard at or below 1x10(-16) fractional uncertainty. We observe a density-dependent shift of the clock transition and its dependence on excited state fraction, with a zero crossing of the shift. We perform a 50-hour-long absolute frequency measurement of the strontium transition referenced to the NIST-F1 Cs fountain standard. This yields a value for the Sr clock transition frequency with a fractional uncertainty of 8.6x10(-16), limited by the H-maser and Cs standards used. This represents our fifth, and the most accurate, measurement of the Sr-87 clock frequency. C1 [Ludlow, A. D.; Campbell, G. K.; Blatt, S.; Boyd, M. M.; Zelevinsky, T.; Martin, M. J.; de Miranda, M. H. G.; Thomsen, J. W.; Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fortier, T. M.; Stalnaker, J. E.; Diddams, S. A.; Oates, C. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ludlow, AD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM ludlow@jila.colorado.edu RI Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 OI Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967; FU Centre National dEtudes Spatiales (CNES); European Metrology Research; Conseil Regional Ile-de-France; EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union FX We acknowledge funding support from the Centre National dEtudes Spatiales (CNES), the Labex First-TF, the European Metrology Research Programme (contract QESOCAS and ITOC), and Conseil Regional Ile-de-France (DIM Nano'K). The EMRP is jointly funded by the EMRP participating countries within EURAMET and the European Union. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1794-0 PY 2008 BP 449 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623037 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIO06 UT WOS:000261285400092 ER PT B AU Willits, JT Wahlstrand, JK Cundiff, ST Menyuk, CR AF Willits, John T. Wahlstrand, Jared K. Cundiff, Steven T. Menyuk, Curtis R. GP IEEE TI Calculation of the quantum-limited comb lineshape for a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 19-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY-SYNTHESIS; TI-SAPPHIRE LASERS; PHASE DYNAMICS; DISPERSION; METROLOGY; SOLITONS; NOISE AB We have calculated the spontaneous emission limited lineshape of the comb lines from a mode-locked Ti:sapphire laser using experimentally-derived parameters for the linear response. The lineshape has contributions from the dynamic response of the laser. Our results allow us to determine the fundamental limitation due to spontaneous emission on the uncertainty of frequency measurements using femtosecond frequency combs, when the effects of feedback and the frequency measurement equipment are properly taken into account. C1 [Willits, John T.; Wahlstrand, Jared K.; Cundiff, Steven T.] NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Menyuk, Curtis R.] Univ Maryland, Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Willits, JT (reprint author), NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1794-0 PY 2008 BP 455 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623039 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIO06 UT WOS:000261285400094 ER PT B AU Newbury, NR Williams, PA Swann, WC AF Newbury, N. R. Williams, P. A. Swann, W. C. GP IEEE TI Long Distance Optical Frequency Transfer over Fiber: predicting the frequency stability from the fiber noise SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 19-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID STANDARDS AB We have recently demonstrated the coherent transfer of an optical signal over a 251 km link of optical fiber by use of the standard Doppler-cancellation approach to remove the effects of the fiber-link noise. The fundamental limit to the frequency instability on the transmitted optical frequency is set by residual phase noise on the optical frequency resulting from the unavoidably imperfect Doppler cancellation of the fiber-link noise. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to quantitatively predict the phase noise and instability of the Doppler-cancelled transmitted optical frequency directly from the measured fiber-link noise. The ability to predict the frequency instability from the measured fiber noise can be a useful tool in evaluating whether a coherent fiber optic link is operating at its fundamental limit, or whether there is additional excess noise from the measurement system present in the link. C1 [Newbury, N. R.; Williams, P. A.; Swann, W. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Newbury, NR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM nnewbury@boulder.nist.gov NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1794-0 PY 2008 BP 725 EP 728 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623094 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIO06 UT WOS:000261285400149 ER PT B AU Weiss, MA Powers, E Kropp, A Fonville, B Fenton, P Pelletier, R AF Weiss, M. A. Powers, E. Kropp, A. Fonville, B. Fenton, P. Pelletier, R. GP IEEE TI Time and Frequency Transfer Using a WARS Satellite with L1 and L5 Code and Carrier SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 19-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB Two Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) satellites are now transmitting the standard L1 and L5 carriers and codes of the Global Positioning System (GPS), though with a five times higher data-bit rate. Since these are geostationary satellites, it is possible to aim a parabolic dish at one and obtain high-gain, low-multipath interference signals without interruption. Such high-gain dishes, along with appropriate GPS receivers, were set up at three timing laboratories in North America: the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A., the United States Naval Observatory (USNO) in Washington D.C., U.S.A., and the National Research Council (NRC) in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. We report the results of this experiment over a 104 d period: January 1 to April 14, 2008, though with several significant outages, and other clock/data problems. C1 [Weiss, M. A.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Fenton, P.] NovAtel Inc, Calgary, AB, Canada. [Powers, E.; Kropp, A.; Fonville, B.] US Naval Observ, Washington, DC 20392 USA. [Pelletier, R.] NRC, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP Weiss, MA (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM mweiss@boulder.nist.gov NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1794-0 PY 2008 BP 733 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623096 PG 3 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIO06 UT WOS:000261285400151 ER PT B AU Kitching, J Knappe, S Shah, V Schwindt, P Griffith, C Jimenez, R Preusser, J Liew, LA Moreland, J AF Kitching, John Knappe, Svenja Shah, Vishal Schwindt, Peter Griffith, Clark Jimenez, Ricardo Preusser, Jan Liew, L. -A. Moreland, J. GP IEEE TI Microfabricated Atomic Magnetometers and Applications SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 19-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE ID MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; VAPOR CELLS; FIELD AB We describe recent work at NIST to develop compact, sensitive atomic magnetometers using a combination of precision optical spectroscopy, atomic physics and techniques of micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS). These instruments have sensor head volumes in the range of a few cubic millimeters but are capable of sensing magnetic fields of a few picotesla per root-hertz in the earth's field and as weak as 70 femtotesla per root-hertz in a shielded, low-field environment. We discuss the design, fabrication and testing of several of these devices and propose several applications for which such instruments might be of use. C1 [Kitching, John; Knappe, Svenja; Shah, Vishal; Schwindt, Peter; Griffith, Clark; Jimenez, Ricardo; Preusser, Jan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Liew, L. -A.; Moreland, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Electromagnet, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kitching, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM Kitching@boulder.nist.gov FU NIST; DARPA; SERDP FX This work was supported by NIST, DARPA and SERDP. This work is a contribution of NIST, an agency of the federal government and is not subject to copyright. NR 28 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1794-0 PY 2008 BP 789 EP + DI 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623107 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIO06 UT WOS:000261285400162 ER PT B AU Taylor, J Nelson, C Hati, A Ashby, N Howe, DA AF Taylor, J. Nelson, C. Hati, A. Ashby, N. Howe, D. A. GP IEEE TI Vibration-induced PM noise measurements of a rigid optical fiber spool SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL FREQUENCY CONTROL SYMPOSIUM, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Frequency Control Symposium CY MAY 19-21, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE AB The opto-electronic oscillator (OEO) has emerged in recent years as an excellent low-noise source that rivals the best RF oscillators over broad offset frequencies. The main sources of noise in an OEO are the laser and RF modulator, photo detector, loop amplifier, and the long fiber that is needed for high Q. Recent studies have shown that even by using state-of-the-art components and a low-loss long fiber, the phase-modulated (PM) noise of these OEOs fails to meet the theoretical value at offset frequencies close to carrier, from a few hertz to 1 kHz. The main cause for this shortfall is vibration effects on the optical fiber. External, environmental vibration causes mechanical distortions in the fiber that induce time-delay (phase) fluctuations. The spool onto which the fiber is wound is primarily responsible for imparting these vibration-induced delay fluctuations to the fiber and thus diminishing the performance of the OEO. In this paper, we compare the vibration-induced phase fluctuations of a 3 km optical fiber wound on spools made of four materials-metal, ceramic, plastic, and foam-covered plastic. We investigate fiber-on-spool winding and mounting techniques that reduce vibration susceptibility. We present residual PM measurements that compare the vibration sensitivity of an optical fiber wound on these different materials. C1 [Taylor, J.; Nelson, C.; Hati, A.; Ashby, N.; Howe, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Taylor, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1794-0 PY 2008 BP 807 EP 810 DI 10.1109/FREQ.2008.4623110 PG 4 WC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Automation & Control Systems; Engineering GA BIO06 UT WOS:000261285400165 ER PT S AU Campbell, JP Qin, J Cheung, KP Yu, L Suehle, JS Oates, A Sheng, K AF Campbell, J. P. Qin, J. Cheung, K. P. Yu, L. Suehle, J. S. Oates, A. Sheng, K. GP IEEE TI The Origins of Random Telegraph Noise in Highly Scaled SiON nMOSFETs SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT SE IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Lake Tahoe, CA SP Stanfor Sierra Conf Ctr, IEEE ID LOW-FREQUENCY NOISE; FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; 1/F NOISE; MOS-TRANSISTORS; FLASH MEMORY; INTERFACE; DEFECTS; MOSFETS; SILICON; TRAPS AB Random telegraph noise (RTN) has recently become an important issue in advanced circuit performance. It has also recently been used as a tool for gate dielectric defect profiling. In this work, we show that the widely accepted model thought to govern RTN behavior cannot be used to describe our experimental observations. The basis of this model (charge exchange between inversion layer and bulk oxide defects via tunneling) is inconsistent with our RTN observations on advanced SiON nMOSFETs with 1.4 nm physical gate oxide thickness, Alternatively, we show that RTN is qualitatively consistent with the capture and emission of inversion charge by interface states. Our results suggest that a large body of the low-frequency noise literature very likely needs to be re-interpreted. C1 [Campbell, J. P.; Qin, J.; Cheung, K. P.; Yu, L.; Suehle, J. S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qin, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Engn Mech, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Yu, L.; Sheng, K.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ USA. [Oates, A.] TMSC Ltd, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan. RP Campbell, JP (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org FU NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs; National Research Council FX The authors would like to acknowledge fruitful conversations with C.A. Richter and T. Grasser. The authors acknowledge funding from the NIST Office of Microelectronic Programs. J.P.C also acknowledges funding support by the National Research Council. NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8841 BN 978-1-4244-2194-7 J9 INT INTEG REL WRKSP PY 2008 BP 105 EP + DI 10.1109/IRWS.2008.4796097 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJF80 UT WOS:000265474700024 ER PT S AU Ryan, JT Lenahan, PM Krishnan, AT Krishnan, S Campbell, JP AF Ryan, J. T. Lenahan, P. M. Krishnan, A. T. Krishnan, S. Campbell, J. P. GP IEEE TI An Electrically-Detected Magnetic Resonance Study of the Atomic-Scale Effects of Fluorine on the Negative Bias Temperature Instability SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT SE IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Lake Tahoe, CA SP Stanfor Sierra Conf Ctr, IEEE ID SPIN-DEPENDENT RECOMBINATION; SI/SIO2 INTERFACE; DEFECTS; CENTERS; DEGRADATION AB It has been shown that the negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) may be significantly suppressed through the incorporation of fluorine in the gate oxide. In this study, we use the electrically-detected magnetic resonance technique of spin dependent recombination and standard gated diode current measurements to investigate the atomic-scale processes involved in fluorine's suppression of NBTI. Our results indicate that fluorine effectively passivates Si/SiO2 P-b0 center defect precursors, but is much less effective at passivating Si/SiO2 P-b1 center defect precursors. Since these two defects have significantly different densities of states, our results maybe useful in modeling NBTI response in fluorinated oxide devices. Our results also help to provide a fundamental explanation for the observation that fluorination has a strong effect on NBTI in "pure" SiO2 MOS devices, but is ineffective at reducing NBTI in nitrided oxide devices C1 [Ryan, J. T.; Lenahan, P. M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Krishnan, A. T.; Krishnan, S.] Texas Instruments Inc, Dallas, TX 75243 USA. [Campbell, J. P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ryan, JT (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM jtr16@psu.edu; pmlesm@engr.psu.edu; anandtk@ti.com; s-krishnan1@ti.com; jason.campbell@nist.gov NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8841 BN 978-1-4244-2194-7 J9 INT INTEG REL WRKSP PY 2008 BP 137 EP + DI 10.1109/IRWS.2008.4796105 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJF80 UT WOS:000265474700032 ER PT S AU Yu, LC Cheung, KP Campbell, J Suehle, JS Sheng, K AF Yu, Liangchun Cheung, Kin P. Campbell, Jason Suehle, John S. Sheng, Kuang GP IEEE TI Oxide Reliability of SiC MOS Devices SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATED RELIABILITY WORKSHOP FINAL REPORT SE IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop Final Report LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Integrated Reliability Workshop CY OCT 12-16, 2008 CL Lake Tahoe, CA SP Stanfor Sierra Conf Ctr, IEEE ID DEPENDENT-DIELECTRIC-BREAKDOWN; THERMAL OXIDES AB Silicon carbide possesses excellent material properties for high temperature, high frequency and high power applications. Among all the device structures, MOSFET has advantages such as low gate leakage current, easier device control etc., and therefore highly desirable. However, it has long been a common believe that the gate oxide breakdown reliability is a show-stopper, particularly at high temperature where SiC devices are expected to excel. In this paper, we report that the thermally grown gate oxide on 4H-SiC is intrinsically reliable even at temperature as high as 375 degrees C. We further show that even with the current SiC processing technology, devices with 10 cm(2) active area can still achieve 100-year lifetime @ E<2.9MV/cm and 375 degrees C. C1 [Yu, Liangchun; Cheung, Kin P.; Campbell, Jason; Suehle, John S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sheng, Kuang] Rutgers State Univ, Elect Comp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Yu, LC (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kpckpc@ieee.org FU Army Research Lab and Office of Microelectronics Program at NIST FX The authors acknowledge the support of Army Research Lab and Office of Microelectronics Program at NIST, and samples provided by CREE and GE. NR 5 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-8841 BN 978-1-4244-2194-7 J9 INT INTEG REL WRKSP PY 2008 BP 141 EP + DI 10.1109/IRWS.2008.4796106 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BJF80 UT WOS:000265474700033 ER PT S AU Krasnopolsky, V Fox-Rabinovitz, MS Belochitski, A AF Krasnopolsky, Vladimir Fox-Rabinovitz, Michael S. Belochitski, Alexei GP IEEE TI Using Neural Network Emulations of Model Physics in Numerical Model Ensembles SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL JOINT CONFERENCE ON NEURAL NETWORKS, VOLS 1-8 SE IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Joint Conference on Neural Networks CY JUN 01-08, 2008 CL Hong Kong, PEOPLES R CHINA SP IEEE ID MACHINE LEARNING COMPONENTS; CLIMATE SIMULATIONS; PREDICTION SYSTEM; UNCERTAINTIES; ECMWF AB In this paper the use of the neural network emulation technique, developed earlier by the authors, is investigated in application to ensembles of general circulation models used for the weather prediction and climate simulation. It is shown that the neural network emulation technique allows us: (1) to introduce fast versions of model physics (or components of model physics) that can speed up calculations of any type of ensemble up to 2 -3 times; (2) to conveniently an naturally introduce perturbations in the model physics (or a component of model physics) and to develop a fast versions of perturbed model physics (or fast perturbed components of model physics), and (3) to make the computation time for the entire ensemble (in the case of short term perturbed physics ensemble introduced in this paper) comparable with the computation time that is needed for a single model run. C1 [Krasnopolsky, Vladimir] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, SAIC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Krasnopolsky, Vladimir; Fox-Rabinovitz, Michael S.; Belochitski, Alexei] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. RP Krasnopolsky, V (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, SAIC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Vladimir.Krasnopolsky@noaa.gov FU NOAA CDEP-CTB [NA06OAR4310047] FX This work is supported by the NOAA CDEP-CTB Grant NA06OAR4310047. MMAB Contribution No. 265 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2161-4393 BN 978-1-4244-1820-6 J9 IEEE IJCNN PY 2008 BP 1523 EP 1530 DI 10.1109/IJCNN.2008.4633998 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIY81 UT WOS:000263827200241 ER PT S AU Richter, CA Xiong, HD Zhu, XX Wang, WY Stanford, VM Li, QL Ioannou, DE Hong, WK Lee, T AF Richter, Curt A. Xiong, Hao D. Zhu, Xiaoxiao Wang, Wenyong Stanford, Vincent M. Li, Qiliang Ioannou, D. E. Hong, Woong-Ki Lee, Takhee GP IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP TI Measurements for the reliability and electrical characterization of semiconductor nanowires SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS - 46TH ANNUAL SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2008 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc DE nanoelectronics; semiconductor nanowires; 1/f noise; test structures ID 1/F NOISE; SILICON NANOWIRES; INTERFACE TRAPS; MOS DEVICES; FLUCTUATIONS; GROWTH; TRANSISTORS; MOSFETS; STATES AB Nanoelectronic devices based upon self-assembled semiconductor nanowires are excellent research tools for investigating the behavior of structures with sub-lithographic features as well as a promising basis for future information processing technologies. We describe two unique approaches to successfully fabricate nanowire devices, one based upon harvesting and positioning nanowires and one based upon the direct growth of nanowires in predefined locations. Test structures are fabricated and electronically characterized to probe the fundamental properties of chemical-vapor-deposition grown silicon nanowires. Important information about current transport and fluctuations in materials and devices can be derived from noise measurements, and low frequency 1/f noise has traditionally been utilized as a quality and reliability indicator for semiconductor devices. Both low frequency 1/f noise and random telegraph signals are shown here to be powerful methods for probing trapping defects in nanoelectronic devices. C1 [Richter, Curt A.; Xiong, Hao D.; Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Wang, Wenyong; Stanford, Vincent M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hong, Woong-Ki; Lee, Takhee] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn, Gwangju, South Korea. [Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Li, Qiliang; Ioannou, D. E.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Richter, CA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Curt.Richter@nist.gov RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 NR 37 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 978-1-4244-2049-0 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2008 BP 39 EP + DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2008.4558860 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHZ18 UT WOS:000257615900006 ER PT S AU Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Suehle, JS Oates, A AF Campbell, J. P. Cheung, K. P. Suehle, J. S. Oates, A. GP IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP TI The fast initial threshold voltage shift: NBTI or high-field stress SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS - 46TH ANNUAL SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2008 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc DE NBTI; high-field stress; hole-trapping; electron-trapping ID BIAS-TEMPERATURE INSTABILITY; INTERFACE-TRAP GENERATION; V-T-MEASUREMENTS; MOS DEVICES; P-MOSFETS; DEGRADATION; SILICON; DEPENDENCE; INJECTION; MODEL AB Recent negative bias temperature instability (NBTI) studies have come to involve very high electric fields, yet these same studies are used to criticize the lower field "NBTI" models. This study examines both high- and low-field degradation phenomena by monitoring the initial threshold voltage shift (Delta V-TH) as a function of stress time and stress voltage. We demonstrate that the initial Delta V-TH is recoverable and decays rapidly as the stress voltage is reduced. We also monitor the transient transconductance (G(M)) degradation which surprisingly indicates the presence of an electron trapping/de-trapping component. We argue that the initial Delta V-TH and Gm degradation behaviors are consistent with high-field stress degradation. The electron trapping component of the "recoverable" degradation is unexpected and must be addressed to insure accurate NBTI lifetime predictions. C1 [Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.; Suehle, J. S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oates, A.] TSMC Ltd, Sci Based Ind Pk, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan. RP Campbell, JP (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.campbell@nist.gov FU National Research Council; National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of Microelectronic Programs FX This research was funded by the National Research Council and the National Institute of Standards and Technology Office of Microelectronic Programs. The authors would like to acknowledge M. Gurfinkel for fruitful conversations regarding measurement methodology NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 978-1-4244-2049-0 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2008 BP 72 EP + DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2008.4558866 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHZ18 UT WOS:000257615900012 ER PT S AU Xiong, HD Heh, D Yang, S Zhu, XX Gurfinkel, M Bersuker, G Ioannou, DE Richter, CA Cheung, KP Suehle, JS AF Xiong, Hao D. Heh, Dawei Yang, Shuo Zhu, Xiaoxiao Gurfinkel, Moshe Bersuker, Gennadi Ioannou, D. E. Richter, Curt A. Cheung, Kin P. Suehle, John S. GP IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP TI Stress-induced defect generation in HfO2/SiO2 stacks observed by using charge pumping and low frequency noise measurements SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL RELIABILITY PHYSICS SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS - 46TH ANNUAL SE International Reliability Physics Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 46th Annual IEEE International Reliability Physics Symposium CY APR 27-MAY 01, 2008 CL Phoenix, AZ SP IEEE Electron Devices Soc, IEEE Reliabil Soc DE charge pumping; 1/f noise; oxide trap; defect generation; HfO2 ID BORDER TRAPS; MOS-TRANSISTORS; ENERGY-DISTRIBUTION; INTERFACE TRAPS; DEVICES; DIELECTRICS; DENSITY AB The technique of combining the low frequency drain current noise and the frequency-dependent charge pumping techniques has been employed to extract the trap densities in both the interfacial SiO2 layer and high-k layer in the n-type MOSFETs with HfO2/SiO2 stacks. It is found that positive bias stress creates more traps in the gate dielectric stack near the gate electrode while negative stress increases the density of traps generated in the proximity of the Si substrate. The results show that under electrical stress new traps are predominantly created close to the anode side and the degree of asymmetry is surprisingly large. C1 [Xiong, Hao D.; Yang, Shuo; Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Gurfinkel, Moshe; Richter, Curt A.; Cheung, Kin P.; Suehle, John S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heh, Dawei; Bersuker, Gennadi] SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. [Yang, Shuo; Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Ioannou, D. E.] George Mason Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Xiong, HD (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hao.xiong@nist.gov FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs FX The authors thank Wenyong Wang and Qiliang Li for technical assistance and helpful discussions. Two of the authors (Hao Xiong and Moshe Gurfinkel) thank the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs for financial support NR 15 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE, ELECTRON DEVICES SOC & RELIABILITY GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1541-7026 BN 978-1-4244-2049-0 J9 INT RELIAB PHY SYM PY 2008 BP 319 EP + DI 10.1109/RELPHY.2008.4558905 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BHZ18 UT WOS:000257615900051 ER PT B AU Fillinger, A Diduch, L Hamchi, I Hoarau, M Degre, S Stanford, V AF Fillinger, A. Diduch, L. Hamchi, I. Hoarau, M. Degre, S. Stanford, V. GP IEEE TI The NIST Data Flow System II: A Standardized Interface for Distributed Multimedia Applications SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON A WORLD OF WIRELESS, MOBILE AND MULTIMEDIA NETWORKS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on a World of Wireless, Mobile and Multimedia Networks CY JUN 23-26, 2008 CL Newport Beach, CA SP IEEE AB Modern multimedia applications use an increasing number of sensors including cameras, microphones and microphone arrays. These applications must acquire and process data from sensors in real-time, which is usually beyond the capabilities of single machines. We present our distributed sensor data transport middleware, the NIST Data Flow System II, which offers network transparent services for data acquisition and processing across a local network of computers. An application is thus represented as a data flow graph, with streaming media flowing between the different computational components. This is highlighted by presenting a multimedia application tracking persons using a sensor fusion of audio and video streams. C1 [Fillinger, A.; Diduch, L.; Hamchi, I.; Hoarau, M.; Degre, S.; Stanford, V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fillinger, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM antoine@nist.gov; ldiduch@nist.gov; ihamchi@nist.gov; mhoarau@nist.gov; sdegre@nist.gov; vstanford@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2099-5 J9 I S WORLD WIREL MOBI PY 2008 BP 538 EP 540 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJB03 UT WOS:000264285000068 ER PT B AU Graham, J Hibbard, D Martin, D Yencer, S Novotny, D Grosvenor, C Canales, N Johnk, R Nagy, L Roach, T AF Graham, Janalee Hibbard, Donald Martin, Doug Yencer, Scott Novotny, David Grosvenor, Chriss Canales, Nino Johnk, Robert Nagy, Louis Roach, Tyrone GP IEEE TI Outdoor Vehicular Test Range Turntable Impact on Electric-Field Uniformity Study SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE DE antenna; automotive; radome; electromagnetic; measurement; non-reflecting; normalized antenna pattern; time domain; turntable; ultra wideband; uniformity AB This paper describes an electric-field uniformity evaluation of an automotive manufacturer's vehicular antenna range. Dipole measurements, vehicle gain measurements, ultra wideband measurements, and two independent electromagnetic simulations were performed to determine field uniformity characteristics of the antenna range. The simulations and measurements indicated that the turntable significantly influenced the site's field uniformity. It was determined that increasing the size of the metallic turntable degraded the field uniformity performance of the range. Ideally, the size of a metallic turntable should be minimized to maximize field uniformity performance. C1 [Graham, Janalee; Hibbard, Donald; Martin, Doug; Yencer, Scott] Gen Motors Proving Ground, Milford, MI 48380 USA. [Novotny, David; Grosvenor, Chriss; Canales, Nino] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Johnk, Robert] Inst Telecommun Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Nagy, Louis] Consult, Warren, MI USA. [Roach, Tyrone] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL USA. RP Graham, J (reprint author), Gen Motors Proving Ground, Milford, MI 48380 USA. RI Nagy, Lajos/E-5998-2013 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1699-8 PY 2008 BP 572 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW65 UT WOS:000263416300106 ER PT B AU Novotny, DR Guerrieri, JR Francis, M Remley, K AF Novotny, David R. Guerrieri, Jeffrey R. Francis, Michael Remley, Kate GP IEEE TI HF RFID Electromagnetic Emissions and Performance SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE DE RFID; HF; ISO 14443; jamming communication; eavesdropping AB We examined the emissions of commercial HF (High-Frequency) proximity RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) systems and the performance of a typical RFID system in the presence of electromagnetic (EM) interference. Some initial investigations into security and reliability were also performed. These investigations highlight detectability and readability of an RFID transaction at a distance. We performed measurements to determine the power radiated by some commercial systems and monitored the RFID transaction in adverse EM environments. C1 [Novotny, David R.; Guerrieri, Jeffrey R.; Francis, Michael; Remley, Kate] NIST, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Novotny, DR (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1699-8 PY 2008 BP 703 EP 708 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW65 UT WOS:000263416300131 ER PT B AU Camell, D AF Camell, Dennis GP IEEE TI Time-Domain Analysis of Antennas used for EMC SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY, VOLS 1-3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL Detroit, MI SP IEEE C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Camell, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1699-8 PY 2008 BP 1402 EP 1412 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIW65 UT WOS:000263416300223 ER PT S AU Simmon, E Messina, J AF Simmon, Eric Messina, John GP IEEE TI Improving environmental information handling and data exchange within the electronics industry SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTRONICS AND THE ENVIRONMENT SE IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment-ISEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment CY MAY 19-21, 2008 CL San Francisco, CA SP IEEE Comp Soc, TCEE DE material content; information management; data exchange; supply chain AB Environmental regulations impacting the electronics industry are driving the need for new data management systems to track environmental data including material data. This paper describes efforts to take a holistic approach in managing this information by working with industry standards organizations and applying system design philosophies to the standards development process. C1 [Simmon, Eric; Messina, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simmon, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.simmon@nist.gov; john.messina@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2020 BN 978-1-4244-2272-2 J9 IEEE INT SYMP ELECTR PY 2008 BP 240 EP 244 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BIE69 UT WOS:000258988900064 ER PT S AU Song, EY Lee, K AF Song, Eugene Y. Lee, Kang GP IEEE TI An Application Framework for the IEEE 1588 Standard SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PRECISION CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION FOR MEASUREMENT, CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Meaurement Control and Communication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication CY AUG 22-SEP 26, 2008 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP IEEE DE Application framework; IEEE 1588; Object-oriented framework; UML ID ORIENTED APPLICATION FRAMEWORK; SYSTEMS AB This paper introduces an application framework for the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 1588 standard. This application framework, developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), consists of five layers: hardware layer, operating system layer, middleware and tools layer, IEEE 1588 layer, and application layer. A prototype application system has been developed based on the established IEEE 1588 application framework using the Unified Modeling Language (UML) tool. A case study of the IEEE 1588 Delay Request-Response mechanism based on the application framework is presented The object-oriented application framework can ease integration and simplify the development of new IEEE 1588 applications by reducing the amount of time and errors to design and develop the IEEE 1588 standard infrastructure. Another benefit of this application framework is to enable developers to achieve standards compliance more readily. C1 [Song, Eugene Y.; Lee, Kang] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, EY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ysong@cme.nist.gov; kang.lee@nist.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1949-0305 BN 978-1-4244-2274-6 J9 I S PRECIS CLOCK SYN PY 2008 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1109/ISPCS.2008.4659207 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJF78 UT WOS:000265471700005 ER PT S AU Li-Baboud, YS Zhu, X Anand, D Hussaini, S Moyne, J AF Li-Baboud, Ya-Shian Zhu, Xiao Anand, Dhananjay Hussaini, Sulaiman Moyne, James GP IEEE TI Semiconductor Manufacturing Equipment Data Acquisition Simulation for Timing Performance Analysis SO 2008 IEEE INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON PRECISION CLOCK SYNCHRONIZATION FOR MEASUREMENT, CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION SE IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Meaurement Control and Communication LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Symposium on Precision Clock Synchronization for Measurement, Control and Communication CY AUG 22-SEP 26, 2008 CL Ann Arbor, MI SP IEEE DE time synchronization; data acquisition; semiconductor manufacturing; data quality; Equipment Data Acquisition standard AB The ability to acquire quality equipment and process data is important for future real-time process control systems to maximize opportunities for semiconductor manufacturing yield enhancement and equipment efficiency. Clock synchronization for accurate time-stamping and maintaining a consistent frequency in trace data collection are essential for accurate merging of data from heterogeneous sources. To characterize the factors impacting data collection synchronization and performance, a configurable fab-wide equipment data acquisition (EDA) simulator has been developed. By understanding the factors impacting clock synchronization and accurate time-stamping, the simulator is used to identify and explore methods to mitigate the latencies and provide guidance on accurate time-stamping for equipment data acquisition systems. C1 [Li-Baboud, Ya-Shian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhu, Xiao; Anand, Dhananjay; Hussaini, Sulaiman; Moyne, James] Univ Michigan, Engn Res Ctr Reconfigurable Manufacturing Syst, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Li-Baboud, YS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1949-0305 BN 978-1-4244-2274-6 J9 I S PRECIS CLOCK SYN PY 2008 BP 77 EP + DI 10.1109/ISPCS.2008.4659217 PG 2 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJF78 UT WOS:000265471700015 ER PT B AU Fan, J Migdall, A AF Fan, J. Migdall, A. GP IEEE TI Testing realism using entangled or hyper-entangled, states made with a fiber-based two-photon source SO 2008 IEEE/LEOS WINTER TOPICAL MEETING SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/LEOS Winter Topical Meeting CY JAN 14-16, 2008 CL Sorrento, ITALY SP IEEE AB We describe the creation and characterization of entangled or hyper-entangled quantum states using a fiber-based two-photon source. We use these entangled states to study local- and non-local realism. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America. C1 [Fan, J.; Migdall, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fan, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jfan@nist.gov FU Disruptive Technology Office (DTO); Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Center for Photonic Quantum Information Systems (Army Research Office/DTO program) [DAAD19-03-1-0199] FX This work has been supported by the Disruptive Technology Office (DTO) entangled photon source program, and the Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative Center for Photonic Quantum Information Systems (Army Research Office/DTO program DAAD19-03-1-0199). NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1594-6 PY 2008 BP 77 EP + DI 10.1109/LEOSWT.2008.4444407 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA BHS06 UT WOS:000255866900039 ER PT S AU Guo, H Li, J Qian, Y Tian, Y AF Guo, Hui Li, Jiang Qian, Yi Tian, Ye GP IEEE TI A PRACTICAL ROUTING STRATEGY IN DELAY TOLERANT NETWORKS USING MULTIPLE PIGEONS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The development of Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN) has attracted significant attention in the networking research community. In this paper, we investigate a new type of delay tolerant network - Homing Pigeon based DTN (HoP-DTN) system. In HoP-DTN, each node owns multiple dedicated messengers (called pigeons), and each pigeon will take a round trip starting from its home, through the destination nodes and then return home, disseminating the messages on its way. The proposed scheme is a practical and effective way to overcome end-to-end disconnection in DTN We obtain the average message delay of the scheme through theoretical analysis. The analytical model is validated by simulations. We also study the effects of several key parameters on system performance. C1 [Guo, Hui; Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Jiang; Tian, Ye] Howard Univ, Dept Syst & Comp Sci, Washington, DC 20059 USA. RP Guo, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Tian, Ye/B-3729-2015 FU NSF [CNS-0832000]; Mordecai Wyatt Johnson Program at Howard University FX 1The work was funded in part by NSF grant CNS-0832000 and the Mordecai Wyatt Johnson Program at Howard University NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 551 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300085 ER PT S AU Qian, Y Lu, KJ Moayeri, N AF Qian, Yi Lu, Kejie Moayeri, Nader GP IEEE TI PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF A SECURE MAC PROTOCOL FOR VEHICULAR NETWORKS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB The main benefit of vehicular communication is seen in active safety systems that increase passenger safety by exchanging warning messages between vehicles. Other applications and private services are also permitted in order to lower the cost and to encourage vehicular network deployment and adoption. The allocation of 75 MHz in the 5.9 GHz frequency band licensed for Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC), which supports seven separate channels, may also enable the future delivery of rich multimedia contents to vehicles at short- to medium-range via vehicular communications. There are many challenges that must be addressed before vehicular networks can be successfully deployed. Among these challenges is designing of security mechanisms to secure vehicular networks against abuse, and designing of efficient medium access control (MAC) protocols so that safety related and other application messages can be timely and reliably disseminated through vehicular networks. In this paper, we give an overview on a priority based secure MAC protocol for vehicular networks and present detailed security and performance analysis. We show that the MAC protocol can achieve both QoS and security requirements for vehicular network safety applications. C1 [Qian, Yi; Moayeri, Nader] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lu, Kejie] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Qian, Y (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 1082 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709300162 ER PT S AU Yoo, SJ Cypher, D Golmie, N AF Yoo, Sang-Jo Cypher, David Golmie, Nada GP IEEE TI Predictive Handover Mechanism based on Required Time Estimation in Heterogeneous Wireless Networks SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE AB A In most conventional layer 2 triggering approaches, a pre-defined threshold for a specific perspective such as the received signal strength is used so that it may cause too late or too early handover executions. In this paper we propose a new predictive handover framework that uses the neighbor network information to generate timely the link triggers so that the required handover procedures can appropriately finish before the current link goes down. First we estimate a required handover time for the given neighbor network conditions, then using a predictive link triggering mechanism the handover start time is dynamically determined to minimize handover costs. The handover costs are analyzed in terms of the total required handover time and the service disruption time. The numerical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed method significantly enhances the handover performance. C1 [Yoo, Sang-Jo] Inha Univ, Inchon, South Korea. [Cypher, David; Golmie, Nada] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yoo, SJ (reprint author), Inha Univ, Inchon, South Korea. EM sjyoo@inha.ac.kr; david.cypher@nist.gov; nada.golmie@nist.gov FU MIC, Korea, under the ITRC [IITA-2007-C1090-0701-0019] FX This research was supported by the MIC, Korea, under the ITRC support program supervised by the (IITA-2007-C1090-0701-0019). NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 3772 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709302108 ER PT S AU Lu, KJ Zhang, T Qian, Y Fu, SL Jafari, A AF Lu, Kejie Zhang, Tao Qian, Yi Fu, Shengli Jafari, Ayat GP IEEE TI PERFORMANCE OF A NOVEL TOPOLOGY CONTROL SCHEME FOR FUTURE WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS SO 2008 IEEE MILITARY COMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE: MILCOM 2008, VOLS 1-7 SE IEEE Military Communications Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Military Communications Conference (MILCOM 2008) CY NOV 16-19, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP IEEE ID AD HOC AB In this paper we address the topology control issues for future wireless mesh networks (WMNs). In particular we propose a novel topology control scheme that attempts to maximize the overall throughput in the network and that takes into account traffic patterns. The main idea of the scheme is to establish multiple semi-permanent wireless highways, each of which can convey the traffic for nodes along the highway. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, we conduct theoretical analysis, which demonstrates that viable solutions for highways do exist with high probability. The theoretical analysis also proves the optimality. Furthermore, we conduct simulations, and the simulation results verify our theoretical analysis. C1 [Lu, Kejie] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Zhang, Tao; Jafari, Ayat] New York Inst Technol, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fu, Shengli] Univ North Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. RP Lu, KJ (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 2155-7578 BN 978-1-4244-2676-8 J9 IEEE MILIT COMMUN C PY 2008 BP 4146 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA BJK58 UT WOS:000266709302162 ER PT S AU Cruz, P Carvalho, NB Remley, KA Gard, KG AF Cruz, Pedro Carvalho, Nuno Borges Remley, Kate A. Gard, Kevin G. GP IEEE TI Mixed Analog-Digital Instrumentation for Software-Defined-Radio Characterization SO 2008 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest CY JUN 15-20, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE Software defined radio; nonlinear systems; analog-to-digital converters; electronic measurements AB This paper presents a new type of analog-digital mixed-domain instrument that is specially tailored for software-defined-radio characterization. The instrument allows the utilization of analog instruments such as vector signal analyzers and network analyzers to characterize components based in the digital domain, such as analog-to-digital converters or field-programmable gate arrays. In this paper a study of the implementation of the mixed-domain instrument is also given. C1 [Cruz, Pedro; Carvalho, Nuno Borges] Univ Aveiro, Inst Telecomunicacoes, Aveiro, Portugal. [Remley, Kate A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Gard, Kevin G.] North Carolina State Univ, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Cruz, P (reprint author), Univ Aveiro, Inst Telecomunicacoes, Aveiro, Portugal. RI Carvalho, Nuno/A-8645-2008; Cruz, Pedro/B-5892-2011 OI Carvalho, Nuno/0000-0002-7402-2099; Cruz, Pedro/0000-0002-2282-2940 FU U.S. government FX Work partially supported by the U.S. government, not protected by U.S.copyright. NR 6 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-1780-3 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2008 BP 253 EP + DI 10.1109/MWSYM.2008.4633151 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIT08 UT WOS:000262480000064 ER PT S AU Cruz, P Carvalho, NB Remley, KA AF Cruz, Pedro Carvalho, Nuno Borges Remley, Kate A. GP IEEE TI Evaluation of Nonlinear Distortion in ADCs Using Multisines SO 2008 IEEE MTT-S INTERNATIONAL MICROWAVE SYMPOSIUM DIGEST, VOLS 1-4 SE IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest CY JUN 15-20, 2008 CL Atlanta, GA SP IEEE DE analog-to-digital converter; nonlinear distortion; nonlinear measurements; nonlinear models; software defined radio ID QUANTIZATION AB This paper characterizes nonlinear distortion in an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) when excited by representative communication signals having non-constant time-domain envelopes. The effect of subjecting the ADC to signals that present a range of values of peak-to-average power ratio is studied in order to understand the impact of various nonlinear ADC mechanisms in the transmission chain. C1 [Cruz, Pedro; Carvalho, Nuno Borges] Univ Aveiro, Inst Telecomunicacoes, Aveiro, Portugal. [Remley, Kate A.] Natl Inst Standards & Tech, Boulder, CO USA. RP Cruz, P (reprint author), Univ Aveiro, Inst Telecomunicacoes, Aveiro, Portugal. RI Carvalho, Nuno/A-8645-2008 OI Carvalho, Nuno/0000-0002-7402-2099 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0149-645X BN 978-1-4244-1780-3 J9 IEEE MTT S INT MICR PY 2008 BP 1440 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BIT08 UT WOS:000262480000361 ER PT S AU Bellingham, JG Cokelet, ED Kirkwood, WJ AF Bellingham, J. G. Cokelet, Edward D. Kirkwood, William J. GP IEEE TI Observation of Warm Water Transport and Mixing in the Arctic Basin with the ALTEX AUV SO 2008 IEEE/OES AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES SE IEEE OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicles LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES Autonomous Underwater Vehicles Conference (AUV 2008) CY OCT 13-14, 2008 CL Woods Hole, MA SP IEEE, OES AB An autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) designed for operation at high latitudes and under ice, completed its first Arctic field tests from the USCGC Healy in October 2001 The ALTEX (Atlantic Layer Tracking EXperiment) AUV's initial application was focused on tracking the warm Atlantic Layer inflow[1] - the primary source of seawater to the Arctic Ocean. The primary payloads were twin pumped CTD systems. Oxygen and nitrate sensors provide the ability to use NO (dissolved oxygen corrected by nitrate to account for biological respiration) as a nearly conservative tracer. An ice profiling sonar allowed the AUV to estimate the ice thickness in real-time and was designed to generate high quality post-processed ice draft data comparable to that collected through the SCICEX program. Sections of water properties were obtained in the marginal ice zone and ice thickness measurements made in the ice pack. Marginal ice observations showed mixing of the warm Atlantic layer to the surface, causing melting of ice even as winter approached. C1 [Bellingham, J. G.; Kirkwood, William J.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Cokelet, Edward D.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bellingham, JG (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, 7700 Sandholdt Rd, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. FU National Science Foundation [OPP-9910290]; Packard Foundation; NSF Polar Programs through the North Pole Environmental Observatories Project at the University of Washington; NOAA Arctic Research Office; National Ocean Partnership Program [N00014-98-1-0814] FX This project was supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number OPP-9910290, the Packard Foundation, NSF Polar Programs through the North Pole Environmental Observatories Project at the University of Washington, and the NOAA Arctic Research Office. Early funding for the AUV development was provided by the National Ocean Partnership Program under contract N00014-98-1-0814. We gratefully acknowledge the MBARI AUV crew of Drew Gashler, Hans Thomas, Rob McEwen, Mark Sibenac, Rich Henthorn, Farley Shane, D. J. Osborne, Mark Talkovic and Todd Walsh and the MBARI CTD team of Mike Pinto and Amy West. We thank Captain David Visneski and crew of the USCGC Healy. and Healys Marine Science Technicians who cheerfully supported our work in challenging operational conditions. We dedicate this paper to the memory of Joseph Andrew Drew Gashler who died in 2004. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1522-3167 BN 978-1-4244-2938-7 J9 IEEE AUTO UNDER VEH PY 2008 BP 9 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA BNK64 UT WOS:000274806100002 ER PT B AU Willis, ZS AF Willis, Zdenka S. GP IEEE TI United States IOOS - A National look SO 2008 IEEE/OES US/EU-Baltic International Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/OES Us/EU-Baltic International Symposium CY MAY 27-29, 2008 CL Tallinn, ESTONIA SP IEEE, OES, US Baltic Fdn, Eu Baltic Fdn AB The United States Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) is a user-driven, coordinated network of people, organizations, and technology that generate and disseminate continuous data about our coastal waters, Great Lakes, and oceans. IOOS is intended to be a major shift in approach to ocean observing, drawing together the vast network of disparate, federal and non-federal observing systems to produce a cohesive suite of data, information, and products at a sufficient geographic and temporal scale to support decision-making. As the system matures, IOOS is expected to advance beyond its current science and management applications toward an instrument of policy and governance. Current efforts only scratch the surface of what we need to know about our oceans and coasts to fully assess their impact on commerce and transportation, weather and climate, and ecosystems. The power of IOOS is in its partnerships. Seventeen United States federal agencies and eleven Regional Coastal Ocean Observing Systems (RCOOSs) share responsibility for the design, implementation, operation, and improvement of the United States. IOOS over time. Two interdependent components constitute the United State TOOS: (1) global ocean component and (2) coastal component. The latter includes the national set of observations for the Great Lakes and the EEZ, as well as the network of RCOOSs. Federal agencies are responsible for the design, operation, and improvement of both the global component and the national network of observations. RCOOSs augment existing federal observing capacity around the nation and ensure strong customer focus and connection. Each RCOOS, which is comprised of a series of sub-regional observing systems, is designed and managed by a single Regional Association (RA). C1 NOAA, IOOS Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Willis, ZS (reprint author), NOAA, IOOS Program, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2267-8 PY 2008 BP 39 EP 42 PG 4 WC Ecology; Engineering, Marine SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Engineering GA BIS99 UT WOS:000262477400007 ER PT S AU Duong, TH Ortiz-Rodriguez, JM Raju, RN Hefner, AR AF Duong, T. H. Ortiz-Rodriguez, J. M. Raju, R. N. Hefner, A. R. GP IEEE TI Electro-Thermal Simulation of a 100 A 10 kV Half-Bridge SiC MOSFET/JBS Power Module SO 2008 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC 08) CY JUN 15-19, 2008 CL Rhodes Isl, GREECE SP IEEE DE Silicon Carbide; high-voltage; high-frequency; MOSFET; Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS); half-bridge power module; Solid State Power Substation AB This paper presents the results from a parametric simulation study that was conducted to optimize the performance of 100 A, 10 W, 20 kHz half-bridge SiC MOSFET/JBS power modules. The power modules are being developed by the DARPA WBGS-HPE Phase II program and will be used in the 13.8 kV, 2.75 MVA SSPS developed in the HPE Phase III program. The simulations are performed using recently developed and validated physics-based electrical and thermal models. The total device active areas and the various gate resistances and inductances are optimized in order to minimize overall power dissipation. A detailed description of the loss mechanisms and the simulation results for a representative SSPS topology is also presented. C1 [Duong, T. H.; Ortiz-Rodriguez, J. M.; Hefner, A. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Raju, R. N.] Gene Elect Global Res Ctr, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RP Duong, TH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0275-9306 BN 978-1-4244-1667-7 J9 IEEE POWER ELECTRON PY 2008 BP 1592 EP + DI 10.1109/PESC.2008.4592167 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIK43 UT WOS:000260398501023 ER PT S AU Ortiz-Rodriiguez, JM Hernandez-Mora, M Duong, TH Leslie, SG Heffier, AR AF Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose M. Hernandez-Mora, Madelaine Duong, Tam H. Leslie, Scott G. Heffier, Allen R. GP IEEE TI Thermal Network Component Models for 10 kV SiC Power Module Packages SO 2008 IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-10 SE IEEE POWER ELECTRONICS SPECIALISTS CONFERENCE RECORDS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 39th IEEE Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC 08) CY JUN 15-19, 2008 CL Rhodes Isl, GREECE SP IEEE ID SIMULATION; INVERTER; IGBT AB The DARPA WBGS-HPE program is developing 100 A, 10 kV SiC power modules to demonstrate the viability of a 2.75 MVA Solid State Power Substation that uses 10 W, 20 kHz switching-capable devices. Thermal network component models for these modules are developed and are validated with temperature measurements obtained through various methods for a range of power dissipation levels. The models include the direct-bond-copper materials required to obtain 15 kV baseplate isolation and are parameterized in terms of the structural and material properties of the package to provide flexibility for different configurations. This enables the use of electro-thermal simulations to optimize SiC module parameters for specific system requirements. C1 [Ortiz-Rodriguez, Jose M.; Hernandez-Mora, Madelaine; Duong, Tam H.; Heffier, Allen R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, US Dept Commerce, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Leslie, Scott G.] Powerex Inc, Youngwood, PA 15697 USA. RP Ortiz-Rodriiguez, JM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, US Dept Commerce, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0275-9306 BN 978-1-4244-1667-7 J9 IEEE POWER ELECTRON PY 2008 BP 4770 EP + DI 10.1109/PESC.2008.4592725 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIK43 UT WOS:000260398502299 ER PT B AU Hefner, AR AF Hefner, Allen R., Jr. GP IEEE TI Advanced Power Conditioning System Technologies for High-Megawatt Fuel Cell Power Plants SO 2008 IEEE POWER & ENERGY SOCIETY GENERAL MEETING, VOLS 1-11 SE IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting-PESGM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT General Meeting of the IEEE-Power-and-Energy-Society CY JUL 20-24, 2008 CL Pittsburgh, PA SP IEEE Power & Energy Soc DE SECA; Fuel Cell; Power Conditioning System AB High-megawatt Power Conditioning Systems (PCSs) are required to convert the low-voltage produced by fuel cell modules in central station scale plants to the very much higher voltage levels required for delivery to the grid. As part of a NIST/DOE Interagency Agreement, advanced PCS architectures, circuit topologies, and component technologies are being evaluated to identify technologies requiring development to meet the fuel cell power plant PCS cost goals of $40-$100/kW. In addition, several industry, government, and university programs are being initiated to in part support these fuel cell power plant PCS goats. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hefner, AR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hefner@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1905-0 J9 IEEE POW ENER SOC GE PY 2008 BP 1298 EP 1299 PG 2 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJB22 UT WOS:000264403800233 ER PT S AU Yueh, S Cline, D Elder, K AF Yueh, Simon Cline, Donald Elder, Kelly GP IEEE TI Airborne Ku-band Polarimetric Radar Remote Sensing of Terrestrial Snow Cover SO 2008 IEEE RADAR CONFERENCE, VOLS. 1-4 SE IEEE Radar Conference LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 IEEE Radar Conference CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Rome, ITALY SP IEEE, FINMECCANICA, SELEX, Agilent Technol, Dappolonia, Gedae, IDS, IET, MBDA, McGraw Hill, Natl Instruments, Off Naval Res, Sci & Technol, ROHDE & SCHWARZ, Tektronix, Thales Alenia, altran, ACCSCO, Raytheon DE microwave remote sensing; snow water; radar ID PASSIVE MICROWAVE RESPONSE; 35 GHZ; BACKSCATTERING; PARAMETERS AB Preliminary analyses of the POLSCAT data acquired from the CLPX-II in winter 2006-2007 are described in this paper. The data showed the response of the Ku-band radar echoes to snowpack changes for various types of background vegetation. We observed about 0.2 to 0.4 dB increases in backscatter for every 1 cm SWE accumulation for sage brush and agricultural fields. The co-polarized W and HH radar responses are similar, while the cross-polarized (VH or HV) echoes showed greater response to the change of SWE. The data also showed the impact of surface hoar growth and freeze/thaw cycles, which created large snow grain sizes and ice lenses, respectively, and consequently increased the radar signals by a few dBs. C1 [Yueh, Simon] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cline, Donald] Natl Operat Hydrolog Remote Sensing Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chanhassen 55317, MN USA. [Elder, Kelly] Rocky Mt Res Stn, U S Dept Agr Forest Serv, Ft Collins, CO 80526 USA. RP Yueh, S (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM Simon.yueh@jpl.nasa.gov; Donald.Cline@noaa.gov; Kelder@fs.fed.us NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1097-5764 BN 978-1-4244-1538-0 J9 IEEE RAD CONF PY 2008 BP 2010 EP + PG 2 WC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BJC08 UT WOS:000264663001162 ER PT B AU Taylor, BK Balakirsky, S Messina, E Quinn, RD AF Taylor, Brian K. Balakirsky, Stephen Messina, Elena Quinn, Roger D. BE Chatila, R Kelly, A Merlet, JP TI Analysis and Benchmarking of a Whegs (TM) Robot in USARSim SO 2008 IEEE/RSJ INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ROBOTS AND INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS, VOLS 1-3, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems CY SEP 22-26, 2008 CL Nice, FRANCE SP IEEE, Robot Soc Japan, IEEE Robot & Automat Soc, IEEE Ind Elect Soc, Soc Instrument & Control Engineers, Inst Natl Rech Informat & Automat, CNRS, Inst Control, Robot & Syst AB Simulation of robots in a virtual domain has multiple benefits, including serving as a training tool for end users and serving as a tool for robot testing and development. USARSim (Unified System for Automation and Robot Simulation) is a simulation tool that is being used to accomplish these goals. It is based on the Unreal Tournament 2004 gaming engine, which approximates the physics of how a robot interacts with its environment. A family of robots that can benefit from simulation in USARSim are Whegs (TM)* robots. Developed in the Biorobotics Laboratory at Case Western Reserve University (CWRU), Whegs (TM) robots are highly mobile ground vehicles that use abstracted biological principles to achieve a robust level of locomotion, including passive gait adaptation and enhanced climbing abilities. This paper describes a Whegs (TM) robot model that was constructed and benchmarked in USARSim. The model was given the same kinds of physical characteristics found in real Whegs (TM) vehicles. With these traits in place, a validation study was performed for the simulation by comparing the rotational body motions of the virtual and real robot. Specifically, we examine the robot's Pitch and Roll ranges and frequencies (found to be about 10 degrees to 12 degrees and 5.5 Hz respectively). By altering the simulation parameters in a physically relevant way, the virtual robot's performance was moved to be more in line with these values. C1 [Taylor, Brian K.; Quinn, Roger D.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Balakirsky, Stephen; Messina, Elena] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Taylor, BK (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM btaylor@case.edu; stephen@nist.gov; elena.messina@nist.gov; rdq@case.edu NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2057-5 PY 2008 BP 3896 EP + DI 10.1109/IROS.2008.4651058 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Cybernetics; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Robotics SC Computer Science; Engineering; Robotics GA BIJ26 UT WOS:000259998202175 ER PT B AU Theofanos, MF Stanton, B Sheppard, C Micheals, R AF Theofanos, Mary F. Stanton, Brian Sheppard, Charles Micheals, Ross GP IEEE TI Usability Testing of Face Image Capture for US Ports of Entry SO 2008 IEEE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMETRICS: THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (BTAS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Biometrics - Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS 2008) CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc AB The requirements necessary for taking a successful face picture are arguably the least constrained of any biometric. The camera must be operational, and the subject must be illuminated sufficiently & facing the camera. Yet, a significant portion of the faces taken at US ports of entry are unusable for the purposes of automatic face recognition. In this paper, we consider the usability components of the face image capture process that contribute to the relatively high ratio of unusable images collected by United States Visitor and Immigrant Status Indicator Technology (US-VISIT). In addition, we introduce a general evaluation methodology-including the use of a simple image overlay-to quantify various characteristics of face imagery. The experimental context mimicked the point-of-entry environment, but with specific usability enhancements. The collected data suggests that these usability enhancements may be used to improve face image capture with equipment that is capable of capturing faces with a near-zero failure-to-enroll (FTE) rate. C1 [Theofanos, Mary F.; Stanton, Brian; Sheppard, Charles; Micheals, Ross] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Theofanos, MF (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM maryt@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2729-1 PY 2008 BP 80 EP 85 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BJG18 UT WOS:000265595400014 ER PT B AU Quinn, G Grother, P AF Quinn, George Grother, Patrick GP IEEE TI False Matches and Non-independence of Face Recognition Scores SO 2008 IEEE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMETRICS: THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (BTAS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Biometrics - Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS 2008) CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc ID SOFT BIOMETRIC TRAITS; USER RECOGNITION AB Although face recognition algorithms have made significant progress over the years, they still lack the accuracy to accomplish many of the more demanding tasks that have been proposed. To address this problem, several authors have suggested supplementing biometric systems with soft biometric information such as age, height, and sex to improve the overall accuracy of the system. However, the improvement is contingent on the matcher not already intrinsically factoring the soft biometric information into its comparison score. In fact, since soft biometric traits tend to be reflected in the physical characteristics of the face, such traits are expected to correlate with face matcher scores. In this paper, two methods are used to explore the statistical relationship between soft biometric traits and non-match scores generated by a leading commercial face recognition algorithm. The first method uses a generalized linear model (GLM) to determine how age, sex, and nationality covary with the probability of a false match. The second method uses sample partitioning for a more direct presentation of how the probability of a false match varies for different combinations of soft biometric values. Results indicate that age, nationality, and sex have a statistically significant effect on non-match scores. We explore what makes soft biometric information useful for the purpose of improving the accuracy of a biometric system under the assumption that the additional subject information is used to,filter comparisons between subjects that have incompatible soft biometric characteristics (e.g. comparisons between men and women). Such comparisons can be rejected without the need to produce a comparison score. Filtering on the basis of sex is applied to the verification and watch list problems. Results suggest filtering may be more effective at higher false match rates and smaller watch list sizes. C1 [Quinn, George; Grother, Patrick] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Quinn, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2729-1 PY 2008 BP 388 EP 392 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BJG18 UT WOS:000265595400064 ER PT B AU Phillips, PJ Bowyer, KW Flynn, PJ Liu, X Scruggs, WT AF Phillips, P. Jonathon Bowyer, Kevin W. Flynn, Patrick J. Liu, Xiaomei Scruggs, W. Todd GP IEEE TI The Iris Challenge Evaluation 2005 SO 2008 IEEE SECOND INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BIOMETRICS: THEORY, APPLICATIONS AND SYSTEMS (BTAS) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2nd IEEE International Conference on Biometrics - Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS 2008) CY SEP 29-OCT 01, 2008 CL Washington, DC SP IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc ID RECOGNITION AB This paper describes the Iris Challenge Evaluation (ICE) 2005. The ICE 2005 contains a dataset of 2953 iris images from 132 subjects. The data is organized into two experiments: right and left eye. Iris recognition performance is presented for twelve algorithms from nine groups that participated in the ICE 2005. For the top performers, verification rate on the right iris is above 0.995 at a false accept rate of 0.001. For the left iris, the corresponding verification rates are between 0.990 and 0.995 at a false accept rate of 0.001. The results from the ICE 2005 challenge problem were the first to observe correlations between the right and left irises for match and non-match scores, and quality measures. C1 [Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bowyer, Kevin W.; Flynn, Patrick J.; Liu, Xiaomei] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. [Scruggs, W. Todd] SAIC, Notre Dame, IN USA. RP Phillips, PJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jonathon@nist.gov; kwb@cse.nd.edu RI Flynn, Patrick/J-3388-2013 OI Flynn, Patrick/0000-0002-5446-114X FU Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Department and Transportation Security Administration (TSA); Director of National Intelligence's Information Technology Innovation Center, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI); National Institute of Justice, and the Technical Support Working Group (TSWG) FX We acknowledge the support of Department of Homeland Security's Science and Technology Department and Transportation Security Administration (TSA), the Director of National Intelligence's Information Technology Innovation Center, the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the National Institute of Justice, and the Technical Support Working Group (TSWG). The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, SAIC, or U. of Notre Dame. NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2729-1 PY 2008 BP 426 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematical & Computational Biology SC Engineering; Mathematical & Computational Biology GA BJG18 UT WOS:000265595400071 ER PT S AU Wang, CQ Choi, KW Fu, WE Jones, RL Ho, DL Soles, C Lin, EK Wu, WL Clarke, JS Villarrubia, JS Bunday, B AF Wang, Chengqing Choi, Kwang-Woo Fu, Wei-En Jones, Ronald L. Ho, Derek L. Soles, Christopher Lin, Eric K. Wu, Wen-li Clarke, James S. Villarrubia, John S. Bunday, Benjamin GP IEEE TI Linewidth roughness and cross-sectional measurements of sub-50 nm structures using CD-SAXS and CD-SEM SO 2008 IEEE/SEMI ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING CONFERENCE SE ADVANCED SEMICONDUCTOR MANUFACTURING CONFERENCE AND WORKSHOP - PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE/SEMI Advanced Semiconductor Manufacturing Conference CY MAY 05-07, 2008 CL Cambridge, MA SP IEEE, SEMI DE critical dimension metrology; line edge roughness; extreme ultraviolet lithography; scatterometry ID X-RAY-SCATTERING AB Critical dimension small angle X-ray scattering (CD-SAXS) is a metrology platform that is capable of measuring the average cross section and linewidth roughness (LWR) in test patterns with pitches ranging from 10 to 500 nm with sub-nm precision. These capabilities are obtained by measuring and modeling the scattering intensities of a collimated X-ray beam with sub-nm wavelength from a periodic pattern, such as those found in optical scatterometry targets. In this work, we evaluated the capability of both synchrotron-based and laboratory-scale CD-SAXS for characterizing LWR from measurements of periodic line/space patterns fabricated with extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography with sub-50 nm linewidths and designed with programmed roughness amplitude and frequency. For these patterns, CD-SAXS can provide high precision data on cross section dimension, including sidewall angle, line height, linewidth and pitch, as well as the amplitude of LWR. We will also discuss the status of ongoing efforts to compare quantitatively the CD-SAXS data with top-down scanning electron microscopy (CD-SEM) measurements. C1 [Wang, Chengqing; Fu, Wei-En; Jones, Ronald L.; Ho, Derek L.; Soles, Christopher; Lin, Eric K.; Wu, Wen-li] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wu, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1078-8743 BN 978-1-4244-1964-7 J9 ASMC PROC PY 2008 BP 142 EP 147 DI 10.1109/ASMC.2008.4529019 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIC81 UT WOS:000258474300032 ER PT B AU Fujiwara, A Miyamoto, S Nishiguchi, K Ono, Y Zimmerman, NM AF Fujiwara, Akira Miyamoto, Satoru Nishiguchi, Katsuhiko Ono, Yukinori Zimmerman, N. M. GP IEEE TI Dynamics of Single-Electron Capture in Si Nanowire MOSFETs SO 2008 IEEE SILICON NANOELECTRONICS WORKSHOP LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Silicon Nanoelectronics Workshop (SNW 2008) CY JUN 15-16, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE C1 [Fujiwara, Akira; Miyamoto, Satoru; Nishiguchi, Katsuhiko; Ono, Yukinori] NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. [Zimmerman, N. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fujiwara, A (reprint author), NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. EM afuji@will.brl.ntt.co.jp NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2071-1 PY 2008 BP 53 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BPK87 UT WOS:000279102800028 ER PT B AU Chandramouli, R AF Chandramouli, Ramaswamy GP IEEE TI Policy specification and enforcement for smart ID cards deployment SO 2008 IEEE WORKSHOP ON POLICIES FOR DISTRIBUTED SYSTEMS AND NETWORKS, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Workshop on Policies for Distributed Systems and Networks CY JUN 02-04, 2008 CL Palisades, NY SP IEEE, IEEE Comp Soc AB Deployment of Smart Cards for Identity Verification requires collection of credentials and provisioning of credentials from and to heterogeneous and sometimes legacy systems. To facilitate this process, a centralized identity store called Identity Management System (IDMS) is often used. To protect the integrity, confidentiality and privacy of the credential data that is collected, stored and disseminated through IDMS, a sophisticated set of policies governing data flows, processing and distribution are required In this paper, we present a policy specification and enforcement framework using XML, XML Schemas and XSLT that was developed for secure management of the infrastructure system used for a large scale smart ID card deployment. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chandramouli, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-0-7695-3133-5 PY 2008 BP 127 EP 134 DI 10.1109/POLICY.2008.14 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHZ04 UT WOS:000257541200020 ER PT B AU Wolfson, MM Dupree, WJ Rasmussen, RM Steiner, M Benjamin, SG Weygandt, SS AF Wolfson, Marilyn M. Dupree, William J. Rasmussen, Roy M. Steiner, Matthias Benjamin, Stanley G. Weygandt, Steven S. GP IEEE TI Consolidated Storm Prediction for Aviation (CoSPA) SO 2008 INTEGRATED COMMUNICATIONS, NAVIGATION AND SURVEILLANCE CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Integrated Communications, Navigation and Surveillance Conference CY MAY 05-07, 2008 CL Bethesda, MD ID SYSTEM C1 [Wolfson, Marilyn M.; Dupree, William J.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. [Rasmussen, Roy M.; Steiner, Matthias] Natl Ctr Atmospheric Res, Colorado Springs, CO USA. [Benjamin, Stanley G.; Weygandt, Steven S.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Wolfson, MM (reprint author), MIT, Lincoln Lab, 244 Wood St, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. EM wolfson@ll.mit.edu RI Weygandt, Stephen/E-7497-2015 FU Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) under Air Force [FA8721-05-C- 0002] FX This work was sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) under Air Force Contract FA8721-05-C- 0002. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by th e United States Government. NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2303-3 PY 2008 BP 350 EP + PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Remote Sensing; Telecommunications GA BIG38 UT WOS:000259299700038 ER PT B AU Marbukh, V AF Marbukh, V. GP IEEE TI Can TCP Metastability Explain Cascading Failures and Justify Flow Admission Control in the Internet? SO 2008 International Conference on Telecommunications, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Telecommunications CY JUN 16-19, 2008 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA DE Internet; TCP; metastability; cascading failures; flow admission control AB This paper discusses implications of possible metastability of TCP-type fair bandwidth sharing under random How arrivals/departures for understanding and defending the Internet against cascading failures. Cascading failures can be viewed as a process of network transition from desirable metastable mode with finite number of flows in progress to the congested mode. It is possible to eliminate or reduce the possibility of cascading failures with properly designed flow admission control which stabilizes the network in a close neighborhood of the desirable metastable state. C1 [Marbukh, V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marbukh@nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2035-3 PY 2008 BP 48 EP 53 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIS45 UT WOS:000262437800009 ER PT B AU Gharavi, H AF Gharavi, H. GP IEEE TI MULTI-CHANNEL FOR MULTIHOP COMMUNICATION LINKS SO 2008 International Conference on Telecommunications, Vols 1 and 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Telecommunications CY JUN 16-19, 2008 CL St Petersburg, RUSSIA ID AD-HOC NETWORKS AB This paper presents a multi-channel transmission scheme for multihop links. The scheme aims at eliminating the effect of interferences from relay nodes in a CSMA/CA network. This is achieved by developing a link-partitioning scheme where nodes in the neighboring partitions operate at different non-overlapping frequency bands. For mobile ad-hoc network communications where a multihop link may change dynamically, we also present a systematic channel assignment technique, which has been specifically developed for the Ad-hoc on-demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol. It is shown that the proposed multi-channel system can effectively suppress intrapath interference, hence considerably enhance the throughput performance for continuous media communications. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gharavi, H (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gharavi@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2035-3 PY 2008 BP 274 EP 279 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIS45 UT WOS:000262437800047 ER PT B AU Nuno, L Holloway, CL Wilson, PF AF Nuno, Luis Holloway, Christopher L. Wilson, Perry F. GP IEEE TI Numerical Investigation of the Induced Voltage on a Cable Placed at Random Locations Inside a Metallic Enclosure SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY (EMC EUROPE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility CY SEP 08-12, 2008 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP IEEE DE finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method; induced voltage; metallic enclosures; random fields, statistical analysis; susceptibility problems AB In this paper, we investigate the induced voltage on a cable when placed at random locations inside a metallic enclosure. The analysis consists of a cable of defined length and fixed terminals, but different layouts, placed in a metallic enclosure containing an aperture. The induced voltages for the different layouts are computed for a plane wave incident on the aperture. A second analysis is performed with no cable (i.e., an empty enclosure) and the results are compared to those for the cable present. The results are compared to the resonance frequencies of the closed cavity and the aperture. C1 [Nuno, Luis] Univ Politecn Valencia, ITACA, Inst Informat Technol & Adv Commun Applicat, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. [Holloway, Christopher L.; Wilson, Perry F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Nuno, L (reprint author), Univ Politecn Valencia, ITACA, Inst Informat Technol & Adv Commun Applicat, E-46071 Valencia, Spain. EM lnuno@dcom.upv.es; holloway@boulder.nist.gov; pfw@boulder.nist.gov FU Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain; U.S. government FX This work has been sponsored by the Polytechnic University of Valencia, Spain. Work partially supported by U.S. government, not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-4097-9 PY 2008 BP 533 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKB62 UT WOS:000267695600099 ER PT B AU Lysaght, PS Woicik, JC Sahiner, MA Kirsch, PD Bersuker, G Lee, BH Jammy, R AF Lysaght, P. S. Woicik, J. C. Sahiner, M. A. Kirsch, P. D. Bersuker, G. Lee, B. -H. Jammy, R. GP IEEE TI Physical characteristics of HfO2 dielectrics at the physical scaling limit SO 2008 INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON VLSI TECHNOLOGY, SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS (VLSI-TSA), PROCEEDINGS OF TECHNICAL PROGRAM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on VLSI Technology, Systems and Applications CY APR 21-23, 2008 CL Hsinchu, TAIWAN ID ZIRCONIA AB Phase identification and the degree of crystallization in ultra-thin HfO2 has been extremely challenging due to the >= 5nm range order sensitivity of x-ray diffraction which is not sufficient to detect nanocrystallization. Yet detailed knowledge of the nanostructure is critical to the development of accurate performance models. Therefore, atomic layer deposited (ALD) and annealed HfO2 films have been studied by extended x-ray absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) and glancing angle x-ray diffraction (GIXRD). EXAFS is sensitive to local structural distortions on a length scale of a few Angstroms, making it a highly desirable probe for elucidating physical characteristics of ultra-scaled HfO2. Analysis of the Fourier Transformed (FT) data provides information on the near-neighbor coordination, distance, and local disorder around the Hf atom. We report an increase in the fraction of higher-k tetragonal HfO2 with decreasing film thickness, which is consistent with a surface energy effect and the critical grain size phenomenon. C1 [Lysaght, P. S.; Kirsch, P. D.; Bersuker, G.; Lee, B. -H.] SEMATECH, 2706 Montopolis Dr, Austin, TX 78741 USA. [Woicik, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sahiner, M. A.] Seton Hall Univ, Dept Phys, S Orange, NJ 07079 USA. [Jammy, R.] IBM Corp, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Lysaght, PS (reprint author), SEMATECH, 2706 Montopolis Dr, Austin, TX 78741 USA. NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1614-1 PY 2008 BP 156 EP + DI 10.1109/VTSA.2008.4530844 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BHU83 UT WOS:000256564900073 ER PT B AU Smith, DF Weber, BL Gasiewski, AJ AF Smith, Dean F. Weber, Bob L. Gasiewski, Albin J. GP IEEE TI An Anisotropic Ocean Surface Emissivity Model Based on WindSat Polarimetric Brightness Observations SO 2008 MICROWAVE RADIOMETRY AND REMOTE SENSING OF THE ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th Specialist Meeting on Microwave Radiometry and Remote Sensing of the Environment CY MAR 11-14, 2008 CL Firenze, ITALY SP Ctr Telerilevamento Microonde, Inst Fisica Appl, GRSS, IEEE, IEEE Italy Sect, URSI, ThalesAlenia, Ente Cassa Risparmio Firenze DE ocean; emission; microwave; model; polarimetric; WindSat ID SEA AB A full-Stokes vector model for the microwave emissivity of an anisotropic wind driven ocean surface based on measured satellite data and using a two-scale model for surface emission is being developed for the purpose of assimilation of satellite microwave radiances. The model is based on the Ohio State University two-scale model and tuned to WindSat full-Stokes emissivity data as analyzed by Meissner and Wentz. Several physical inconsistencies were corrected in the model. The tuned model results over a range of wind speeds from 0-20 m/sec show good agreement in the 0(th), 1(st), and 2(nd) azimuthal brightness temperature harmonics. A bias model for the tuned model was developed to account for residual discrepancies. C1 [Smith, Dean F.; Weber, Bob L.; Gasiewski, Albin J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Ctr Environm Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Smith, DF (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Ctr Environm Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-1986-9 PY 2008 BP 140 EP 143 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Remote Sensing GA BIJ56 UT WOS:000260085700036 ER PT B AU Lewandowski, A Williams, D AF Lewandowski, Arkadiusz Williams, Dylan GP IEEE TI CHARACTERIZATION AND MODELING OF RANDOM VECTOR NETWORK ANALYZER MEASUREMENT ERRORS SO 2008 MIKON CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS, VOLS 1 AND 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT MIKON Conference 2008 CY MAY 19-21, 2008 CL Wroclaw, POLAND AB We present a technique for characterizing and modeling random vector network analyzer measurement errors. These errors manifest themselves as random changes or drift of vector network analyzer calibration coefficients. We model a change of calibration coefficients as a set of small electrically lumped perturbations occurring at different locations in the vector network analyzer. We then use measurements of a highly reflective offset termination to determine electrical parameters and locations of these perturbations. Our technique is the first step toward developing a statistical description of random vector network analyzer measurement errors and accounting for them in the measurement uncertainty analysis. C1 [Williams, Dylan] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lewandowski, Arkadiusz] Warsaw Univ Technol, Inst Elect Syst, PL-00661 Warsaw, Poland. [Williams, Dylan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lewandowski, A (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM a.lewandowski@ieee.org; dylan@ieee.org NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-3122-9 PY 2008 BP 758 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Physics; Telecommunications GA BIR09 UT WOS:000262103200184 ER PT S AU Choi, JK Lee, GM Park, HJ AF Choi, Jun Kyun Lee, Gyu Myoung Park, Hyo Jin GP IEEE TI Web-based Personalized IPTV Services over NGN SO 2008 PROCEEDINGS OF 17TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKS, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks CY AUG 03-07, 2008 CL St Thomas, VI SP IEEE, IEICE, Microsoft, Qualcomm DE IPTV Service; NGN; Web; Open Platform AB Internet protocol television (IPTV), one of the most emerging services, offers multimedia streaming services with security, reliability, and relevant quality of service (QoS)/quality of experience (QoE). It provides added values to all the involving players including customers and also brings technical and business challenges to those players. For IPTV services, we expect to adopt the next generation network (NGN) environment for high quality and the Web technologies for personalization to meet the customer's necessity. Web can provide an open, flexible, and agile platform. Therefore, in this paper, we propose personalized IPTV services based on Web-based open platform in NGN environment and present functional architecture for Web-based personalized IPTV services. Technical issues for deploying the proposed IPTV services using Web are also provided. The objective of this paper is to analyze the critical architectural issues for developing viable and feasible networking platform models for personalized IPTV services. C1 [Choi, Jun Kyun; Lee, Gyu Myoung; Park, Hyo Jin] Informat & Commun Univ, Munjiro 119, Taejon, South Korea. [Lee, Gyu Myoung] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choi, JK (reprint author), Informat & Commun Univ, Munjiro 119, Taejon, South Korea. EM jkchoi@icu.ac.kr; gmlee@nist.gov; gaiaphj@icu.ac.kr FU Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Korea; IITA [IITA-2008-(C1090-0801-0036)]; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF); Korea government(MEST) [R11-2000-074-02002-0]; MKE/IITA FX This work was supported in part by the Ministry of Knowledge Economy, Korea, under the ITRC support program supervised by the IITA (IITA-2008-(C1090-0801-0036)) and also was supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korea government(MEST) (No. R11-2000-074-02002-0) and was supported by the IT R&D program of MKE/IITA, [Development of Open-IPTV Technologies for Wired and Wireless Networks] as well. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1095-2055 BN 978-1-4244-2389-7 J9 IEEE IC COMP COM NET PY 2008 BP 720 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BIW28 UT WOS:000263364400115 ER PT B AU Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Suehle, JS Oates, A AF Campbell, J. P. Cheung, K. P. Suehle, J. S. Oates, A. GP IEEE TI Electron trapping: An unexpected mechanism of NBTI and its implications SO 2008 SYMPOSIUM ON VLSI TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on VLSI Technology CY JUN 17-19, 2008 CL Honolulu, HI SP IEEE Elect Devices Soc, IEEE, Japan Soc Appl Phys ID DEGRADATION; GENERATION; INJECTION AB NBTI is the most important reliability problem in advanced CMOS technology.[1] Consequently, the recent CMOS reliability literature is dominated by the characterization and modeling of NBTI. All of the existing literature attributes the NBTI-induced Delta V-TH and I-D degradation to interface state generation and/or bole trapping.[2] In this work, we demonstrate that electron trapping has been overlooked in previous studies and will greatly impact the current understanding of the NBTI phenomenon and consequent lifetime predictions. C1 [Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.; Suehle, J. S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oates, A.] TSMC Ltd, Taipei 30077, Taiwan. RP Campbell, JP (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.campbell@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA PY 2008 BP 57 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BIH12 UT WOS:000259442500027 ER PT B AU Beichl, I Cloteaux, B AF Beichl, Isabel Cloteaux, Brian GP IEEE TI MEASURING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE S-METRIC TO PRODUCE BETTER NETWORK MODELS SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int ID SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS AB Recent research has shown that while many complex networks follow a power-law distribution for their node degrees, it is not sufficient to model these networks based only on their degree distribution. In order to better distinguish between these networks, the metric s was introduced to measure how interconnected the hub nodes are in a network. We examine the effectiveness of creating network models based on this metric. Through a series of computational experiments, we compare how well a set of common structural network metrics are preserved between instances of the autonomous system Internet topology and a series of random models with identical degree sequences and similar s values. We demonstrate that creating models based on the s metric can produce moderate improvement in structural characteristics over strictly using degree distribution. Our results also indicate that some interesting relationships exist between the s metric and the various structural metrics. C1 [Beichl, Isabel; Cloteaux, Brian] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beichl, I (reprint author), NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM isabel.beichl@nist.gov; brian.cloteaux@nist.gov OI Cloteaux, Brian/0000-0002-6177-9850 NR 20 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2707-9 PY 2008 BP 1020 EP 1028 DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736169 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNG32 UT WOS:000274496200120 ER PT B AU Riddick, F Lee, YT AF Riddick, Frank Lee, Y. Tina GP IEEE TI REPRESENTING LAYOUT INFORMATION IN THE CMSD SPECIFICATION SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int AB Developing mechanisms for the efficient exchange of information between simulations and other manufacturing tools is a critical problem. For many areas of manufacturing, neither representations for the information nor mechanisms for exchanging the information have been agreed upon. Manufacturing plant layout is one such area. The Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) specification is being developed to address some of these issues, through the definition of neutral representations for the "core" manufacturing entities that need to be exchanged between simulations and other applications, through the creation of a Unified Modeling Language information model that defines the relationships between the core manufacturing entities, and through the definition of eXtensible Modeling Language Schemas based on the information model to facilitate the exchange of information that adheres to the model. This paper describes an effort to extend the CMSD specification to cover the definition and exchange of layout information. C1 [Riddick, Frank; Lee, Y. Tina] NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Riddick, F (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM frank.riddick@nist.gov; leet@nist.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2707-9 PY 2008 BP 1777 EP 1784 DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736266 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNG32 UT WOS:000274496201002 ER PT B AU Lu, RF Leong, S Bengtsson, N Johansson, B Riddick, F Lee, T Shao, GD McLean, C Salour, A Hazlehurst, LN Ly, S AF Lu, Roberto F. Leong, Swee Bengtsson, Niles Johansson, Bjoern Riddick, Frank Lee, Tina Shao, Guodong McLean, Charles Salour, Al Hazlehurst, Laurance N. Ly, Sidney GP IEEE TI IMPLEMENTATION OF CORE MANUFACTURING SIMULATION DATA IN AEROSPACE INDUSTRY SO 2008 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 2008 Winter Simulation Conference CY DEC 07-10, 2008 CL Miami, FL SP Amer Stat Assoc, ACM SIGSIM, IEEE Syst, Man & Cybernet Soc, Inst Ind Engineers, INFORMS, Simulat Soc, NIST, Soc Modeling & Simulat Int C1 [Lu, Roberto F.; Hazlehurst, Laurance N.; Ly, Sidney] Boeing Co, POB 3707, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. [Leong, Swee; Bengtsson, Niles; Johansson, Bjoern; Riddick, Frank; Lee, Tina; Shao, Guodong; McLean, Charles] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Salour, Al] Boeing Co, St. Louis, MO 63042 USA. RP Lu, RF (reprint author), Boeing Co, POB 3707, Seattle, WA 98124 USA. RI Johansson, Bjorn/A-9920-2009 OI Johansson, Bjorn/0000-0003-0488-9807 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2707-9 PY 2008 BP 2930 EP 2930 DI 10.1109/WSC.2008.4736420 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BNG32 UT WOS:000274496201156 ER PT S AU Farrell, P Garfinkel, SL White, D AF Farrell, Paul Garfinkel, Simson L. White, Douglas TI Practical Applications of Bloom filters to the NIST RDS and hard drive triage. SO 24TH ANNUAL COMPUTER SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual Computer Security Applications Conference - Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference CY DEC 08-12, 2008 CL Anaheim, CA SP Appl Comp Security Associates AB Much effort has been expended in recent years to create large sets of hash codes from known files. Distributing these sets has become more difficult as these sets grow larger Meanwhile the value of these sets for eliminating the need to analyze "known goods" has decreased as hard drives have dramatically increased in storage capacity. This paper evaluates the use of Bloom filters (BFs) to distribute the National Software Reference Library's (NSRL) Reference Data Set (RDS) version 2.19, with 13 million SHA-1 hashes. We present an open source reference BF implementation and validate it against a large collection of disk images. We discuss the timing of the filters, discuss how they can be used to enable new forensic functionality, and present a novel attack against bloom fillers. C1 [Farrell, Paul; Garfinkel, Simson L.] Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [White, Douglas] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Farrell, P (reprint author), Naval Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. FU Naval Postgraduate School's Research Initiation Program; National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Government FX This research was supported in part by the Naval Postgraduate Schools Research Initiation Program. The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not nnecessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, or the U.S. Government. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-9527 BN 978-0-7695-3447-3 J9 ANN COMPUT SECURITY PY 2008 BP 13 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSAC.2008.12 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIV52 UT WOS:000263156400002 ER PT S AU Martin, E Hwang, J Xie, T Hu, V AF Martin, Evan Hwang, JeeHyun Xie, Tao Hu, Vincent TI Assessing Quality of Policy Properties in Verification of Access Control Policies SO 24TH ANNUAL COMPUTER SECURITY APPLICATIONS CONFERENCE, PROCEEDINGS SE Annual Computer Security Applications Conference - Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 24th Annual Computer Security Applications Conference CY DEC 08-12, 2008 CL Anaheim, CA SP Appl Comp Security Associates AB Access control policies are often specified in declarative languages. In this paper; we propose a novel approach, called initiation verification, to assess the quality of properties specified for a polio, and, in doing so, the quality of the verification itself In our approach, given a policy and a set of properties, we first mutate the policy to generate various mutant policies, each with a single seeded fault. We then verify whether the properties hold for each mutant policy. If the properties still hold for a given mutant polio,, then the quality of these properties is determined to be insufficient in guarding against the seeded fault, indicating that more properties are needed to augment the existing set of properties to provide higher confidence of the polio, correctness. We have implemented Mutaver a mutation verification tool for XACML, and applied it to policies and properties from a real-world software system. C1 [Martin, Evan] Google Inc, Santa Monica, CA 90291 USA. [Hwang, JeeHyun; Xie, Tao] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Hu, Vincent] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Martin, E (reprint author), Google Inc, Santa Monica, CA 90291 USA. EM eemartin@google.com; jhwang4@ncsu.edu; txie@ncsu.edu; vincent.hu@nist.gov FU NSF [CNS-0716579]; NIST FX This work is supported in part by NSF grant CNS-0716579 and its NIST supplement. NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1063-9527 BN 978-0-7695-3447-3 J9 ANN COMPUT SECURITY PY 2008 BP 163 EP + DI 10.1109/ACSAC.2008.48 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BIV52 UT WOS:000263156400016 ER PT B AU Franaszek, M Cheok, G Saidi, K Witzgall, C AF Franaszek, Marek Cheok, Geraldine Saidi, Kamel Witzgall, Christoph BE Zavadskas, EK Kaklauskas, A Skibniewski, MJ TI Effect of scanning density on the accuracy of locating sphere centers for registration SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS IN CONSTRUCTION - ISARC-2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction CY JUN 26-29, 2008 CL Vilnius, LITHUANIA SP Int Assoc Automat & Robit Construct, Vilnius Gediminas Tech Univ, Inst Internet & Intelligent Technologies, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, Lithuanian Acad Sci, Russian Acad Engn, Int Acad Engn DE 3D imaging systems; target based registration; sphere fitting; construction automation AB Applications for 3D imaging systems (e.g., laser scanners) have increased significantly in the past decade. Data From such systems often require registration. Spheres are often used for registration because they look the same from each direction and provide well defined reference points: fitted sphere centers. Common practice is to first scan individual targets at high density for high accuracy of fitted centers and then scan the entire scene at lower density. This, however, prevents the use of 3D imaging systems in a fully automated environment. It would thus be desirable to be able to determine the sphere centers from the low density scan. In this paper, we investigate how different scanning densities affect the locations of the fitted sphere centers. Analyses of high and low density scans show that high density scans are not necessary because the sphere centers can be estimated from sparse data without significant loss of accuracy. C1 [Franaszek, Marek; Cheok, Geraldine; Saidi, Kamel; Witzgall, Christoph] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Franaszek, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECHNICAL UNIV PRESS, TECHNIKA PI VILNIUS-40 PA SAULETEKIO A1. 11, VILNIUS-40, LT-10233, LITHUANIA BN 978-9955-28-304-1 PY 2008 BP 163 EP 168 DI 10.3846/isarc.20080626.163 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Construction & Building Technology; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Construction & Building Technology; Robotics GA BID71 UT WOS:000258743700023 ER PT B AU Katz, I Saidi, K Lytle, A AF Katz, Itai Saidi, Kamel Lytle, Alan BE Zavadskas, EK Kaklauskas, A Skibniewski, MJ TI The role of camera networks in construction automation SO 25TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON AUTOMATION AND ROBOTICS IN CONSTRUCTION - ISARC-2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Symposium on Automation and Robotics in Construction CY JUN 26-29, 2008 CL Vilnius, LITHUANIA SP Int Assoc Automat & Robit Construct, Vilnius Gediminas Tech Univ, Inst Internet & Intelligent Technologies, Int Council Res & Innovat Bldg & Construct, Lithuanian Acad Sci, Russian Acad Engn, Int Acad Engn DE construction automation; calibrated camera network; situation awareness AB Due to the complexity and variability of capital construction sites, real-time monitoring remains an elusive goal. As unit price continues to fall, camera networks are becoming increasingly viable sensing modalities. The benefits of combining multiple, overlapping image sources include the ability to produce 3D scene reconstruction as well as localize and track objects. In the construction domain, these benefits enhance situation awareness by facilitating tracking of construction equipment and material, generating progress reports, and providing automated alerts in the event of a safety hazard. In this paper we describe the use of a camera network with a discussion of practical considerations in calibration and tracking. We conclude with a demonstration of a usage example. C1 [Katz, Itai; Saidi, Kamel; Lytle, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Katz, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU VILNIUS GEDIMINAS TECHNICAL UNIV PRESS, TECHNIKA PI VILNIUS-40 PA SAULETEKIO A1. 11, VILNIUS-40, LT-10233, LITHUANIA BN 978-9955-28-304-1 PY 2008 BP 324 EP 329 DI 10.3846/isarc.20080626.324 PG 6 WC Automation & Control Systems; Construction & Building Technology; Robotics SC Automation & Control Systems; Construction & Building Technology; Robotics GA BID71 UT WOS:000258743700047 ER PT B AU Scrapper, CJ Proctor, FM Balakirsky, S AF Scrapper, Christopher J. Proctor, Frederick M. Balakirsky, Stephen GP ASME TI A simulation interface for integrating real-time vehicle control with game engines SO 27TH COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 2, PTS A AND B 2007: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL DESIGN ENGINEERING TECHNICAL CONFERENCES AND COMPUTERS AND INFORMATION IN ENGINEERING CONFERENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Design Engineering Technical Conferences/Computers and Information in Engineering Conference CY SEP 04-07, 2007 CL Las Vegas, NV SP ASME, Design & Engn Div, ASME, Comp & Informat Engn Div AB This paper describes the use of video game engines as simulation environments that aid the development and testing of realtime vehicle controllers. The use of game engines for simulation is surveyed, with relevant technologies noted. The need to switch between different vehicle controllers, game engines and real vehicles gave rise to an integration architecture. The features of the architecture are described, including the execution model, message set and knowledge base. Adaptation of existing controllers, simulations and vehicles to this architecture is discussed. Issues of performance and scalability are addressed. An example is provided to illustrate the concepts. C1 [Scrapper, Christopher J.; Proctor, Frederick M.; Balakirsky, Stephen] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scrapper, CJ (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4803-6 PY 2008 BP 1015 EP 1022 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Mechanical SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BHM50 UT WOS:000254279300102 ER PT B AU Shao, GD McLean, C AF Shao, Guodong McLean, Charles BE Colloc, J Petit, C Dussart, C TI EMERGENCY ROOM SIMULATION PROTOTYPES FOR INCIDENT MANAGEMENT TRAINING SO 6TH INTERNATIONAL INDUSTRIAL SIMULATION CONFERENCE 2008 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 6th International Industrial Simulation Conference CY JUN 09-11, 2008 CL Univ Lyon - CESH, Lyon, FRANCE SP European Technol Inst, European Simualat Soc, ADICTEL, AEKI, CREAX, Delft Univ Technol, Ghent Univ, IPK Fraunhofer, P4, Ville Villeurbanne, UPV HO Univ Lyon - CESH DE Modeling and Simulation; Emergency Response; Incident Management Training AB First responders and incident management personnel need better training resources to prepare for future disasters. Live training exercises while valuable are often very expensive to organize and conduct. Training using modeling, simulation, and gaming technologies could help to prepare for a more diverse range of scenarios than live exercises, as well as support individual, team, or multi-organizational training needs at lower cost. Effective, technically sound, and commercially available standards-based solutions are needed. A concept demonstration has been developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to facilitate the identification, development, and deployment of standards that enable the integrated use of modeling, simulation, and gaming technology for incident management training, mission planning, and operational support. One of the simulation tools selected in the concept demonstration was ProModel. It was used to model a hospital Emergency Room (ER) in Washington DC. The concept demonstration was also used to identify use case scenarios, integration requirements, interoperability issues, standards needs, and available solutions. C1 [Shao, Guodong; McLean, Charles] NIST, Mfg Simulat & Modeling Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shao, GD (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Simulat & Modeling Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8260, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guodong.shao@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU EUROSIS PI GHENT PA GHENT UNIV, COUPURE LINKS 653, GHENT, B-9000, BELGIUM BN 978-90-77381-4-03 PY 2008 BP 323 EP 327 PG 5 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIY96 UT WOS:000263829300048 ER PT B AU Lewandowski, A LeGolvan, D Ginley, RA Wallis, TM Imtiaz, A Kabos, P AF Lewandowski, Arkadiusz LeGolvan, Denis Ginley, Ronald A. Wallis, T. Mitchell Imtiaz, Atif Kabos, Pavel GP IEEE TI Wideband measurement of extreme impedances with a multistate reflectometer SO 72ND ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT SYMPOSIUM: TIME DOMAIN AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 72nd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2008 CL Portland, OR SP ARFTG, MTT S, IEEE DE broadband measurements; calibration; high impedance loads ID CARBON NANOTUBES AB We present a technique for accurate wideband measurements of one-port devices with extreme impedances. Our technique uses a reflectometer with variable parameters (states) to obtain redundant measurements of the extreme impedance device. We process these measurements using statistical techniques that allow us to exploit the redundancy in order to increase the measurement bandwidth and reduce the measurement uncertainty. We demonstrate our technique for a simple setup containing a power splitter and an unknown variable reference impedance connected to one of its arms and an unknown extreme-impedance device connected to its other arm. The variable reference impedance is realized as either a set of mechanical standards or an electronically tunable impedance. Measurement results show that the repeatability of the reference impedance values is essential for achieving increased accuracy. C1 [Lewandowski, Arkadiusz] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [LeGolvan, Denis; Ginley, Ronald A.; Wallis, T. Mitchell; Imtiaz, Atif; Kabos, Pavel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lewandowski, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM A.Lewandowski@ieee.org FU DARPA Center on NanoscaleScience and Technology; DARPANIMEMS S&T Fundamentals Program [HROOll06-1-0048] FX This research was partially supported by the DARPA Center on NanoscaleScience and Technology for Integrated MicrolNano-Electromechanical Transducers (iMINT) funded by DARPANIMEMS S&T Fundamentals Program (HROOll06-1-0048). NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2299-9 PY 2008 BP 45 EP + DI 10.1109/ARFTG.2008.4804300 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BLL28 UT WOS:000270442000007 ER PT B AU Wallis, TM Lewandowski, A AF Wallis, T. Mitch Lewandowski, Arkadiusz GP IEEE TI Statistical Measurement Techniques for Equivalent Source Mismatch of 1.85 mm Power Splitter SO 72ND ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT SYMPOSIUM: TIME DOMAIN AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN MEASUREMENT LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 72nd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2008 CL Portland, OR SP ARFTG, MTT S, IEEE DE broadband measurements; calibration; equivalent source mismatch; microwave power splitters ID 2-PORT NETWORK ANALYZER; MULTIPORT; MATRIX AB The equivalent source mismatch (Gamma(G)) of a 1.85 min coaxial power splitter was characterized by use of two statistical measurement techniques. The first technique, originally described by Juroshek [1], uses a modified one-port calibration method to determine Gamma(G). The second method uses two-port measurements of the splitter with one of the ports loaded with a series of calibration standards. This second, "indirect" method provides measurements of S-parameters for the three-port device that can subsequently be used to calculate Gamma(G). Measurements Of Gamma(G) made with the two techniques are in good agreement. This demonstrates that the value Of Gamma(G) of a splitter can be determined by statistical measurement techniques, thus providing the possibility of exploiting redundant measurements to reduce the effect of random measurement errors. Analysis of repeated measurements of Gamma(G) shows that the effect of random measurement errors is lower for the indirect method than for the Juroshek method. C1 [Wallis, T. Mitch] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lewandowski, Arkadiusz] Warsaw Univ Technol, Warsaw, Poland. RP Wallis, TM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mwallis@boulder.nist.gov NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2299-9 PY 2008 BP 50 EP + DI 10.1109/ARFTG.2008.4804296 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BLL28 UT WOS:000270442000008 ER PT B AU Cui, XH Crowley, TP AF Cui, Xiaohai Crowley, T. P. GP IEEE TI DESIGN AND TESTING OF A SOFTWARE FEEDBACK LOOP FOR RF POWER LEVELING SO 72ND ARFTG MICROWAVE MEASUREMENT SYMPOSIUM LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 72nd ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference CY DEC 09-12, 2008 CL Portland, OR SP ARFTG, MTT S, IEEE AB We have developed a software feedback loop that stabilizes the RF power input to less than 30 ppm during calorimetric measurements. In this system, a bolometric sensor with a Type IV power meter is used to detect the power. Feedback is provided to the Amplitude Modulation (AM) input of an RF generator through a computer-controlled voltage source. The software feedback loop replaces an analog feedback loop that used an NBS Type 11 Power Measurement System to provide the AM input signal. The new system removes a potential error in the DC substituted power caused by loading of the Type IV when connected to the Type II. The new leveling system is more flexible than the previous system. Both the desired leveling accuracy and real-time feedback rate can be readily modified. The design and evaluation of the software leveling system are presented. It has been tested with a new WR-15 microcalorimeter which will be the national power standard in the US from 50 to 75 GHz. C1 [Cui, Xiaohai; Crowley, T. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Cui, XH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, MC 818-01,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM xiaohaic@boulder.nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2299-9 PY 2008 BP 85 EP 87 DI 10.1109/ARFTG.2008.4804294 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BLL28 UT WOS:000270442000015 ER PT J AU Geiss, RH Read, DT AF Geiss, Roy H. Read, David T. TI Defect behavior in aluminum interconnect lines deformed thermomechanically by cyclic joule heating SO ACTA MATERIALIA LA English DT Article DE aluminum; dislocations; fatigue; TEM; thin films ID COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; QUENCHED ALUMINIUM; DISLOCATION LOOPS; THERMAL FATIGUE; THIN-FILMS; DEFORMATION; AMPLITUDE; DIFFRACTION; ORIENTATION; MECHANISMS AB Al - 1wt.% Si lines were deformed thermomechanically by cyclic joule heating induced by applying an AC current. Scanning electron microscopy revealed arrays of wavelike surface intrusions/extrusions aligned along low-index crystallographic directions after a few thousand thermal cycles. Transmission electron microscopy observations of cross-sections of selected regions shows that in grains that developed intrusions/extrusions, dislocations nucleated at the film-substrate interface, glided to the surface, and escaped. The densities of dislocations and prismatic loops observed here are similar to those observed in mechanical fatigue experiments on bulk aluminum. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Acta Materialia Inc. C1 [Geiss, Roy H.; Read, David T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Geiss, RH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM geiss@boulder.nist.gov NR 36 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 7 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-6454 J9 ACTA MATER JI Acta Mater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 2 BP 274 EP 281 DI 10.1016/j.actamat.2007.09.033 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 255VN UT WOS:000252686100013 ER PT J AU Zheng, QA Qiao, FL Yang, SK AF Zheng Quanan Qiao Fangli Yang Shi-Keng TI Ocean and climate sciences taking grand challenges and extraordinary opportunities: introduction to COAA 2007 special sections SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article ID RISE; CO2 C1 [Zheng Quanan] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Ocean Sci, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Zheng Quanan] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Qiao Fangli] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 1, Key Lab Marine Sci & Numer Modeling, Qingdao 266061, Peoples R China. [Yang Shi-Keng] NOAA NCEP, WIS Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zheng, QA (reprint author), Natl Sci Fdn, Div Ocean Sci, 4201 Wilson Blvd, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. EM qzheng@nsf.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0253-505X J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN JI Acta Oceanol. Sin. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 1 EP 3 PG 3 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 350WD UT WOS:000259383400001 ER PT J AU Li, XF Zhao, ZX Han, Z Xu, LX AF Li Xiaofeng Zhao Zhongxiang Han Zhen Xu Liuxiong TI Internal solitary waves in the East China Sea SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE SAR; internal wave; East China Sea ID YELLOW SEA; OCEAN; GENERATION; SAR; CONVERSION; EVOLUTION; RADAR; TIDES; DEPTH; MODEL AB A European Space Agency's ENVISAT advanced synthetic aperture radar (ASAR) image covering Zhejiang coastal water in the East China Sea (ECS) was acquired on 1 August 2007. This image shows that there are about 20 coherent internal solitary wave (ISW) packets propagating southwestward toward Zhejiang coast. These ISW packets are separated by about 10 km, suggesting that these ISWs are tide-generated waves. Each ISW packet contains 5-15 wave crests. The wavelengths of the wave crests within the ISW packets are about 300 in. The lengths of the leading wave crests are about 50 km. The ISW amplitude is estimated from solving KdV equation in an ideal two-layer ocean model. It is found that the ISW amplitudes is about 8 in. Further analysis of the ASAR image and ocean stratification profiles show that the observed ISWs are depression waves. Analyzing the tidal current finds that these waves are locally generated. The wavelength and amplitude of the ECS ISW arc much smaller than their counterparts in the South China Sea (SCS). The propagation speed of the ECS ISW is also an order of magnitude smaller than that of the SCS ISW. The observed ISWs in the ECS happened during a spring tide period. C1 [Li Xiaofeng; Han Zhen; Xu Liuxiong] Shanghai Fisheries Univ, Joint Ctr Ocean Remote Sensing & Living Marine Re, Shanghai 200090, Peoples R China. [Li Xiaofeng] WWBC, NOAA E RA3, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhao Zhongxiang] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), Shanghai Fisheries Univ, Joint Ctr Ocean Remote Sensing & Living Marine Re, Shanghai 200090, Peoples R China. EM Xiaofeng.Li@noaa.gov RI Zhao, Zhongxiang/A-1918-2012; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0253-505X J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN JI Acta Oceanol. Sin. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 51 EP 59 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 350WD UT WOS:000259383400006 ER PT J AU Jin, MB Wang, J Mizobata, KH Hu, HG Shimada, K AF Jin Meibing Wang Jia Mizobata Kohei Hu Haoguo Shimada Koji TI Observations and modeling of the ice-ocean conditions in the coastal Chukchi and Beaufort Seas SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE circulation; sea ice; fast ice; Beaufort Sea; coupled ice-ocean model ID ARCTIC-OCEAN; WATER; CIRCULATION; SHELF AB The Chukchi and Beaufort Seas include several important hydrological features: inflow of the Pacific water, Alaska coast current (ACC), the seasonal to perennial sea ice cover, and landfast ice along the Alaskan coast. The dynamics of this Coupled ice-ocean system is important for both regional scale oceanography and large-scale global climate change research. A number of moorings were deployed in the area by JAMSTEC since 1992, and the data revealed highly variable characteristics of the hydrological environment. A regional high-resolution coupled ice-ocean model of the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas was established to simulate the ice-ocean environment and unique seasonal landfast ice in the coastal Beaufort Sea. The model results reproduced the Beaufort gyre and the ACC. The depth-averaged annual mean ocean Currents along the Beaufort Sea coast and shelf break compared well with data from four moored ADCPs, but the simulated velocity had smaller standard deviations, which indicate small-scale eddies were frequent in the region. The model results captured the seasonal variations Of sea ice area as compared with remote sensing data, and the simulated sea ice velocity showed an almost stationary area along the Beaufort Sea coast that was similar to the observed landfast ice extent. It is the combined effects of the weak oceanic current near the coast, a prevailing wind with an onshore component, the opposite direction of the ocean Current, and the blocking by the coastline that make the Beaufort Sea coastal areas prone to the formation of landfast ice. C1 [Jin Meibing] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arct Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Wang Jia] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Mizobata Kohei; Shimada Koji] Tokyo Univ Marine Sci & Technol, Minato Ku, Tokyo 1088477, Japan. [Hu Haoguo] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Jin, MB (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arct Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM mjin@iarc.uaf.edu RI Jin, Meibing/F-7666-2010; Mizobata, Kohei/D-6369-2012; SHIMADA, Koji/O-1913-2014 OI Mizobata, Kohei/0000-0001-7531-2349; NR 22 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0253-505X EI 1869-1099 J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN JI Acta Oceanol. Sin. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 79 EP 87 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 350WD UT WOS:000259383400009 ER PT J AU Yang, S Wen, M Higgins, RW AF Yang, Song Wen Min Higgins, R. Wayne TI Subseasonal features of the Asian summer monsoon in the NCEP climate forecast system SO ACTA OCEANOLOGICA SINICA LA English DT Article DE Asian summer monsoon; onset; evolution; synoptic-to-intraseasonal variability; NCEP climate prediction system ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; INDIAN-OCEAN; VARIABILITY; PREDICTION; MODEL; PREDICTABILITY; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATIONS; ENSO AB The operational climate forecast system (CFS) of the US National Centers for Environmental Prediction provides climate predictions over the world, and CFS products are becoming air important Source of information for regional climate predictions in many Asian countries where monsoon climate dominates. Recent studies have shown that, on monthly-to-seasonal time-scales, the CFS is highly skillful in simulating and predicting the variability of the Asian monsoon. The higher-frequency variability of the Asian summer monsoon in the CFS is analyzed, rising output from a version with a spectral triangular truncation of 126 waves in horizontal and 64 sigma layers in vertical, focusing Oil synoptic, quasi-biweekly, and intraseasonal time-scales. The onset processes of different regional monsoon components were investigated within Asia. Although the CFS generally overestimates variability of monsoon on these time-scales, it successfully captures mail), major features of the variance patterns, especially for the synoptic time-scale. The CFS also captures the timing of summer monsoon onsets over India and the Indo-China Peninsula. However, it encounters difficulties in simulating the onset of the South China Sea monsoon. The success and failure of the CFS in simulating the onset of monsoon precipitation can also be seen from the associated features of simulated atmospheric circulation processes. Overall, the CFS is capable of simulating the synoptic-to-intraseasonal variability of the Asian summer monsoon with skills. As for seasonal-to-interannual time-scales shown previously, tire model is expected to possess a potential for skillful predictions of the high-frequency variability of the Asian monsoon. C1 [Yang, Song; Higgins, R. Wayne] NOAAs Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Wen Min] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. RP Yang, S (reprint author), NOAAs Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Song.Yang@noaa.gov RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0253-505X EI 1869-1099 J9 ACTA OCEANOL SIN JI Acta Oceanol. Sin. PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 88 EP 103 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 350WD UT WOS:000259383400010 ER PT J AU Fraker, ME Peacor, SD AF Fraker, Michael E. Peacor, Scott D. TI Statistical tests for biological interactions: A comparison of permutation tests and analysis of variance SO ACTA OECOLOGICA-INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ANOVA; interaction; non-parametric; permutation; randomization; transformation ID MEDIATED INDIRECT INTERACTIONS; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; MULTIVARIATE-ANALYSIS; PREDATORS; REGRESSION; GROWTH; PREY AB Interaction terms from statistical tests are often used to make inferences about biological processes. For interaction terms to be biologically meaningful, it is critical that the statistical method used tests a model that corresponds to a realistic null hypothesis. A commonly used data analysis method, the analysis of variance F-test (ANOVA), is limited when examining interactions because there are a limited number of statistical models that it can test. This is further complicated by the fact that data transformations, which affect the model being tested, are sometimes required to meet ANOVA's assumptions. Thus, when using ANOVA, it can be difficult to determine whether interactions that are found in data were produced by biological mechanisms or are statistical artifacts due to an unrealistic model. A survey of the literature indicated that these shortcomings are often not recognized despite ANOVA's widespread use. In this paper, we evaluate the suitability of an alternate method, permutation tests, compared to ANOVA. We compare the range of potential statistical models that each method can test and the power of each method to detect interactions when using an appropriate model. We provide two simulated experiments on species interactions that show that ANOVA and permutation tests have similar power when testing an appropriate statistical model, but that permutation tests provide an advantage over ANOVA in their ability to test a wider range of models. We conclude that permutation tests can be used to make inferences, potentially impossible with ANOVA, concerning biological interactions. (c) 2007 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved. C1 [Fraker, Michael E.] Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Peacor, Scott D.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Peacor, Scott D.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Fraker, ME (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, 830 N Univ, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM mfraker@umich.edu NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 3 U2 23 PU GAUTHIER-VILLARS/EDITIONS ELSEVIER PI PARIS PA 23 RUE LINOIS, 75015 PARIS, FRANCE SN 1146-609X J9 ACTA OECOL JI Acta Oecol.-Int. J. Ecol. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 33 IS 1 BP 66 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.actao.2007.09.001 PG 7 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 266JM UT WOS:000253431300008 ER PT S AU Ghose, SK Petitto, SC Tanwar, KS Lo, CS Eng, PJ Chaka, AM Trainor, TP AF Ghose, Sanjit K. Petitto, Sarah C. Tanwar, Kunaljeet S. Lo, Cynthia S. Eng, Peter J. Chaka, Anne M. Trainor, Thomas P. BE Barnett, MO Kent, DB TI Surface Structure and Reactivity of Iron Oxide-Water Interfaces SO ADSORPTION OF METALS BY GEOMEDIA II: VARIABLES, MECHANISMS, AND MODEL APPLICATIONS SE Developments in Earth and Environmental Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL TRUNCATION RODS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LEED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; CHARGE-DISTRIBUTION; HEMATITE 0001; GOETHITE; ADSORPTION; PB(II); ALPHA-AL2O3 AB The surface structure and composition of the three distinct iron-(hydr)oxide systems, goethite (100), hematite (1 (1) over bar 02), and magnetite (111) were determined under hydrated conditions at room temperature using crystal truncation rod (CTR) analysis. The prediction of surface protonation states and the overall chemical plausibility of the experimental surface models are performed using a bond-valence (BV) analysis. Further analysis of the surface energetics is carried out using ab initio density functional theory (DFT). The analysis of three common iron-(hydr) oxide surface systems reveals the differences in interface structure and distribution of hydroxyl groups at substrate-water interfaces. The goethite (100) interface structure is determined to have a relaxed double hydroxyl termination with the presence of two semi-ordered water layers that expose a surface with A-type (Fe-OH2) and B-type (Fe-2-OH) hydroxyl groups. The hydrated hematite (1 (1) over bar 02) interface structure has vacancies in the near surface metal sites, resulting in three types of surface functional groups: A type, B type, and C type (Fe-3-O). The interface structure of magnetite (111) shows two chemically nonequivalent oxygen surface terminations in the surface ratio of 70 O-4-Fe-oh-O-4-Fetd1-oh-td2:30 O-4-Fetd1-oh-td2-O-4-Fe-oh suggesting that the octahedral irons are the principal irons involved at the environmental interfaces. In the above three systems, there also is evidence for multiple domains with fractional ordered unit cell steps determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Results obtained for the structure of the iron-(hydr)oxide-water interfaces from the CTR and DFT analyses are different from stoichiometric termination of the bulk structure or hydroxylation of the ultra high vacuum (UHV) determined surface structures. C1 [Ghose, Sanjit K.; Eng, Peter J.] Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Petitto, Sarah C.; Tanwar, Kunaljeet S.; Lo, Cynthia S.; Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Lo, Cynthia S.; Chaka, Anne M.] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ghose, SK (reprint author), Univ Chicago, Consortium Adv Radiat Sources, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. EM ghose@cars.uchicago.edu NR 84 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1571-9197 BN 978-0-08-055656-7 J9 DEV EARTH ENV SCI PY 2008 VL 7 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.1016/S1571-9197(07)07001-2 PG 29 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology GA BCS19 UT WOS:000311244100002 ER PT J AU Ost, L AF Ost, Laura TI Mini magnetic sensor may have biomedical, security applications SO ADVANCED MATERIALS & PROCESSES LA English DT News Item C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ost, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM laura.ost@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASM INT PI MATERIALS PARK PA SUBSCRIPTIONS SPECIALIST CUSTOMER SERVICE, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073-0002 USA SN 0882-7958 J9 ADV MATER PROCESS JI Adv. Mater. Process. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 166 IS 1 BP 20 EP 20 PG 1 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 255IF UT WOS:000252650900019 ER PT B AU Chawla, A Borrero, J Titov, V AF Chawla, Arun Borrero, Jose Titov, Vasily BE Liu, PLF Yeh, H Synolakis, C TI EVALUATING WAVE PROPAGATION AND INUNDATION CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MOST TSUNAMI MODEL OVER A COMPLEX 3D BEACH SO ADVANCED NUMERICAL MODELS FOR SIMULATING TSUNAMI WAVES AND RUNUP SE ADVANCES IN COASTAL AND OCEAN ENGINEERING (SERIES) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Workshop on Long-Wave Runup Models CY JUN 11-12, 2004 CL Univ SE Calif, Wrigley Marine Sci Ctr, Catalina, CA SP Natl Sci Fdn, Geo-Hazard Program HO Univ SE Calif, Wrigley Marine Sci Ctr ID RUNUP C1 [Chawla, Arun; Titov, Vasily] NOAA, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Ctr Tsunami Res, Washington, DC USA. RP Chawla, A (reprint author), NOAA, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Ctr Tsunami Res, Washington, DC USA. EM Vasily.Titov@noaa.gov RI Synolakis, Costas/B-3197-2008 OI Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-270-012-4 J9 ADV COASTAL OCEAN EN PY 2008 VL 10 BP 261 EP 267 DI 10.1142/9789812790910_0012 PG 7 WC Engineering, Civil; Oceanography; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Oceanography; Physics GA BMM55 UT WOS:000272817400012 ER PT J AU Bostelman, R Albus, J AF Bostelman, Roger Albus, James TI Robotic Patient Transfer and Rehabilitation Device for Patient Care Facilities or the Home SO ADVANCED ROBOTICS LA English DT Article DE Robot; mobility; patient lift; patient transfer; rehabilitation ID SYSTEM AB This paper describes a novel Home Lift, Position and Rehabilitation (HLPR) Chair, designed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, to provide independent patient mobility for indoor tasks, such as moving to and placing a person on a toilet or bed, and lift assistance for tasks, such as accessing kitchen or other tall shelves. These functionalities are currently Out of reach of most wheelchair users. One of the design motivations of the HLPR Chair is to reduce back injury, typically an important issue in the care of this group. The HLPR Chair is currently being extended to be an autonomous mobility device to assist cognition by route and trajectory planning. This paper describes the design of HLPR Chair, its control architecture, and algorithms for autonomous planning and control using its unique kinematics. Also included here is it description of the plan, simulation results and sensor performance measurements completed in preparation for an autonomous HLPR Chair demonstration, as well as the recent modifications to advance the HLPR Chair toward a commercial system. (c) Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden and The Robotics Society of Japan, 2008 C1 [Bostelman, Roger; Albus, James] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM roger.bostelman@nist.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 2-4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OR14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0169-1864 EI 1568-5535 J9 ADV ROBOTICS JI Adv. Robot. PY 2008 VL 22 IS 12 SI SI BP 1287 EP 1307 DI 10.1163/156855308X344837 PG 21 WC Robotics SC Robotics GA 398DM UT WOS:000262712800003 ER PT S AU Stowe, MC Thorpe, MJ Pe'er, A Ye, J Stalnaker, JE Gerginov, V Diddams, SA AF Stowe, Matthew C. Thorpe, Michael J. Pe'er, Avi Ye, Jun Stalnaker, Jason E. Gerginov, Vladislav Diddams, Scott A. BE Arimondo, E Berman, PR Lin, CC TI Direct frequency comb spectroscopy SO ADVANCES IN ATOMIC, MOLECULAR, AND OPTICAL PHYSICS, VOL 55 SE Advances In Atomic Molecular and Optical Physics LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID MODE-LOCKED LASERS; TI-SAPPHIRE LASER; PASSIVE OPTICAL CAVITY; RESOLUTION COHERENCE SPECTROSCOPY; SATURATED ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND PULSE AMPLIFICATION; HIGH-HARMONIC GENERATION; BROAD-BAND; LIGHT-PULSES; PHASE-CONTROL AB Besides serving as a frequency counter or clockwork, an optical frequency comb can be used directly for spectroscopy, thus the name Direct Frequency Comb Spectroscopy (DFCS). Precise phase coherence among successive ultrashort pulses allow one to explore both fast dynamics in the time domain and high-resolution structural information in the frequency domain. Coherent accumulation of weak pulses can lead to strong field effects. Combined with spectral manipulation, high-resolution quantum control can be implemented. The large number of frequency comb components also provide a massive set of parallel detection channels to gather spectroscopic information. In this chapter we provide a detailed review of some of the current applications that exploit these unique features, and discuss several future directions of DFCS. RP Stowe, MC (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 154 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 2 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 1049-250X BN 978-0-1237-3710-6 J9 ADV ATOM MOL OPT PHY JI Adv. Atom. Mol. Opt. Phys. PY 2008 VL 55 BP 1 EP 60 DI 10.1016/S1049-25OX(07)55001-9 PG 60 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BGU32 UT WOS:000250578400001 ER PT S AU Dudowicz, J Freed, KF Douglas, JF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Freed, Karl F. Douglas, Jack F. BE Rice, SA TI GENERALIZED ENTROPY THEORY OF POLYMER GLASS FORMATION SO ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS, VOL 137 SE ADVANCES IN CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID LATTICE CLUSTER THEORY; SPATIALLY HETEROGENEOUS DYNAMICS; INCOHERENT NEUTRON-SCATTERING; DIELECTRIC ALPHA-RELAXATION; MONOMER MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; RANDOM COPOLYMER SYSTEMS; SOLID-LIQUID TRANSITION; NEWTONIAN VISCOUS-FLOW; LONG-LIVED STRUCTURES; A-NEMATIC TRANSITION C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. NR 316 TC 87 Z9 87 U1 8 U2 39 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI NEW YORK PA 605 3RD AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA SN 0065-2385 BN 978-0-471-43573-0 J9 ADV CHEM PHYS PY 2008 VL 137 BP 125 EP 222 PG 98 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BJK67 UT WOS:000266713500003 ER PT S AU Lippa, KA Rimmer, CA Sander, LC AF Lippa, Katrice A. Rimmer, Catherine A. Sander, Lane C. BE Grushka, E Grinberg, N TI Shape Selectivity in Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography SO ADVANCES IN CHROMATOGRAPHY, VOL 46 SE Advances in Chromatography LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; OCTADECYLSILANE STATIONARY PHASES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ALKYL-MODIFIED SILICA; SOLID-STATE NMR; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; CHEMICALLY BONDED PHASES; BLOCK-LIKE SOLUTES; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT BEHAVIOR C1 [Lippa, Katrice A.; Rimmer, Catherine A.; Sander, Lane C.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lippa, KA (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 247 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 15 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA SN 0065-2415 BN 978-1-4200-6025-6 J9 ADV CHROMATOGR JI Adv. Chromatogr. PY 2008 VL 46 BP 235 EP 303 PG 69 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA BJG33 UT WOS:000265604900005 PM 19013950 ER PT S AU Radebaugh, R Huang, YH O'Gallagher, A Gary, J AF Radebaugh, Ray Huang, Yonghua O'Gallagher, Agnes Gary, John BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Calculated regenerator performance at 4 K with helium-4 and helium-3 SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE cryocoolers; cryogenics; Gifford-McMahon; helium-3; helium-4; numerical analysis; pulse tubes; real gas; refrigeration; regenerators; Stirling; theory AB The helium-4 working fluid in regenerative cryocoolers operating with the cold end near 4 K deviates considerably from an ideal gas. As a result, losses in the regenerator, given by the time-averaged enthalpy flux, are increased and are strong functions of the operating pressure and temperature. Helium-3, with its lower boiling point, behaves somewhat closer to an ideal gas in this low temperature range and can reduce the losses in 4 K regenerators. An analytical model is used to find the fluid properties that strongly influence the regenerator losses as well as the gross refrigeration power. The thermodynamic and transport properties of helium-3 were incorporated into the latest NIST regenerator numerical model, known as REGEN3.3, which was used to model regenerator performance with either helium-4 or helium-3. With this model we show how the use of helium-3 in place of helium-4 can improve the performance of 4 K regenerative cryocoolers. The effects of operating pressure, warm-end temperature, and frequency on regenerators with helium-4 and helium-3 are investigated and compared. The results are used to find optimum operating conditions. The frequency range investigated varies from 1 Hz to 30 Hz, with particular emphasis on higher frequencies. C1 [Radebaugh, Ray; Huang, Yonghua; O'Gallagher, Agnes; Gary, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Radebaugh, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI Huang, Yonghua/0000-0001-6453-8430 NR 10 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 225 EP 234 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700028 ER PT S AU Lewis, MA Taylor, R Bradley, RE Radebaugh, R Grossman, G Gan, Z AF Lewis, M. A. Taylor, R. Bradley, R. E. Radebaugh, R. Grossman, G. Gan, Z. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Impedance measurements of inertance tubes at high frequency and pressure SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE acoustic power; compliance; impedance; inertance; linear compressor mass flow; phase; thermoacoustic; transmission line model AB Previously measured and calculated impedances of inertance tubes were compared at frequencies below 70 Hz and average pressures below 3 MPa. In this paper we present similar comparisons for frequencies up to 150 Hz and average pressures up to 3.5 MPa. Measurements were made on inertance tube diameters from 1.0 mm to about 3.0 mm, as well as on a double diameter arrangement. Pressure ratios were varied from 1.1 to 1.45, and acoustic powers were varied up to about 80 W. In these measurements the use of higher frequencies has the potential of reducing the size of both the pressure oscillator and the cold finger for a given refrigeration power. The smaller cold finger also leads to faster cool-down. In these experiments, flow at the entrance to the inertance tube was determined from measurements of the calibrated pressure drop through a transfer line from the compressor. The wide range of frequencies and acoustic powers covered in these measurements enable us to separate the effects of compliance and inertance in the comparisons with a transmission line model. C1 [Lewis, M. A.; Taylor, R.; Bradley, R. E.; Radebaugh, R.; Grossman, G.; Gan, Z.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lewis, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI GAN, Zhihua/0000-0003-4112-6745 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 1083 EP 1090 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700133 ER PT S AU Vanapalli, S Lewis, M Grossman, G Gan, ZH Radebaugh, R ter Brake, HJM AF Vanapalli, Srinivas Lewis, Michael Grossman, Gershon Gan, Zhihua Radebaugh, Ray ter Brake, H. J. M. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Modeling and experiments on fast cooldown of a 120 Hz pulse tube cryocooler SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE cryocoolers; high frequency; pulse tube; regenerators; fast cooldown ID HEAT AB High frequency operation of a pulse tube cryocooler leads to reduced regenerator volume, which results in a reduced heat capacity and a faster cooldown time. A pulse tube cryocooler operating at a frequency of 120 Hz and an average pressure of 3.5 MPa achieved a no-load temperature of 50 K. The cooling power at 80 K was about 3.35 W with a cooldown time from 285 K to 80 K of about 5.5 minutes, even though the additional thermal mass at the cold end due to flanges, screws, heater, and thermometer was 4.2 times that of the regenerator. This fast cooldown is about two to four times faster than that of typical pulse tube cryocoolers and is very attractive to many applications. In this study we measure the cooldown time to 80 K for different cold-end masses and extrapolate to zero cold-end mass. We also present an analytical model for the cooldown time for different cold-end masses and compare the results with the experiments. The model and the extrapolated experimental results indicate that with zero cold-end mass the cooldown time to 80 K with this 120 Hz pulse tube cryocooler would be about 32 s. C1 [Vanapalli, Srinivas; Lewis, Michael; Grossman, Gershon; Gan, Zhihua; Radebaugh, Ray] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Vanapalli, Srinivas; ter Brake, H. J. M.] Univ Twente, NL-7500 AE Enschede, Netherlands. [Grossman, Gershon] Technion Israel Inst Technol, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Gan, Zhihua] Zhejiang Univ, Cryogen Lab, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. RP Vanapalli, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. OI GAN, Zhihua/0000-0003-4112-6745; Vanapalli, Srinivas/0000-0002-4873-1262 FU STW (Dutch Technology Foundation) "3LN Microcooler" [TTF.5677] FX The authors acknowledge Mike Rybowiak for careful machining of the parts. One of the authors (S.V) was supported by STW (Dutch Technology Foundation) 3LN Microcooler (TTF.5677). NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 1429 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700174 ER PT S AU Pfotenhauer, JM Gan, ZH Radebaugh, R AF Pfotenhauer, J. M. Gan, Z. H. Radebaugh, R. BE Weisend, JG Barclay, J Breon, S Demko, J DiPirro, M Kelley, JP Kittel, P Klebaner, A Lock, J Peterson, T Pfotenhauer, J Rowe, A VanSciver, S Zagarola, M Zeller, A TI Approximate design method for single stage pulse tube refrigerators SO ADVANCES IN CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING, VOLS 53A AND 53B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Joint Cryogenic Engineering Conference/International Cryogenic Materials Conference CY JUL 16-20, 2007 CL Chattanooga, TN SP Air Liquide, Amer Super Conduct, Austrian Aerosp GmbH, Cryogenics Journal, DLH Ind, Fermi Natl Accelerator Lab, GE Global Res, Janis Res Co, Meyer Tool & Mfg, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ohio State Univ, Labs Appl Super Conduct & Magnet, Ohio State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, SuperPower, US DOE, Oxford Instruments DE pulse tube refrigerators; design AB An approximate design method is presented for the design of a single stage Stirling type pulse tube refrigerator. The design method begins from a defined cooling power, operating temperature, average and dynamic pressure, and frequency. Using a combination of phasor analysis, approximate correlations derived from extensive use of REGEN3.2, a few 'rules of thumb,' and available models for inertance tubes, a process is presented to define appropriate geometries for the regenerator, pulse tube and inertance tube components. In addition, specifications for the acoustic power and phase between the pressure and flow required from the compressor are defined. The process enables an appreciation of the primary physical parameters operating within the pulse tube refrigerator, but relies on approximate values for the combined loss mechanisms. The defined geometries can provide both a useful starting point, and a sanity check, for more sophisticated design methodologies. C1 [Pfotenhauer, J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Gan, Z. H.] Zhejiang Univ, Cryogen Lab, Hangzhou 310027, Peoples R China. [Radebaugh, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Pfotenhauer, JM (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. OI GAN, Zhihua/0000-0003-4112-6745 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0504-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 985 BP 1437 EP + PG 2 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHP55 UT WOS:000255184700175 ER PT S AU Andreeva, E Bouillaguet, C Fouque, PA Hoch, JJ Kelsey, J Shamir, A Zimmer, S AF Andreeva, Elena Bouillaguet, Charles Fouque, Pierre-Alain Hoch, Jonathan J. Kelsey, John Shamir, Adi Zimmer, Sebastien BE Smart, N TI Second preimage attacks on dithered hash functions SO ADVANCES IN CRYPTOLOGY - EUROCRYPT 2008 SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 27th Annual International Conference on Theory and Applications of Cryptographic Techniques CY APR 13-17, 2008 CL Istanbul, TURKEY DE cryptanalysis; hash function; dithering ID COMPLEXITY AB We develop a new generic long-message second preimage attack, based on combining the techniques in the second preimage attacks of Dean [8] and Kelsey and Schneier [16] with the herding attack of Kelsey and Kohno [15]. We show that these generic attacks apply to hash functions using the Merkle-Damgard construction with only slightly more work than the previously known attack, but allow enormously more control of the contents of the second preimage found. Additionally, we show that our new attack applies to several hash function constructions which are not vulnerable to the previously known attack, including the dithered hash proposal of Rivest [25], Shoup's UOWHF[26] and the ROX hash construction [2]. We analyze the properties of the dithering sequence used in [25], and develop a time-memory tradeoff which allows us to apply our second preimage attack to a wide range of dithering sequences, including sequences which are much stronger than those in Rivest's proposals. Finally, we show that both the existing second preimage attacks [8,16] and our new attack can be applied even more efficiently to multiple target messages; in general, given a set of many target messages with a total of 2 R message blocks, these second preimage attacks can find a second preimage for one of those target messages with no more work than would be necessary to find a second preimage for a single target message of 2 R message blocks. C1 [Andreeva, Elena] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Elect Engn, SCD COSIC, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. [Bouillaguet, Charles; Fouque, Pierre-Alain; Shamir, Adi; Zimmer, Sebastien] Ecole normale super, CNRS, INRIA, Dept Informat, F-75700 Paris, France. [Hoch, Jonathan J.; Shamir, Adi] Weizmann Inst Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Kelsey, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Andreeva, E (reprint author), Katholieke Univ Leuven, Dept Elect Engn, SCD COSIC, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium. EM Elena.Andreeva@esat.kuleuven.be; Charles.Bouillaguet@ens.fr; Pierre-Alain.Fouque@ens.fr; Yaakov.Hoch@weizmann.ac.il; john.kelsey@nist.gov; Adi.Shamir@weizmann.ac.il; Sebastien.Zimmer@ens.fr FU Flemish Research Foundation; Concerted Research Action (GOA) Ambiorics; IAP [P6/26 BCRYPT]; European Commission through the IST [IST-2002-507932 ECRYPT] FX The work of the first author has been funded by a Ph.D. grant of the Flemish Research Foundation and supported in part by the Concerted Research Action (GOA) Ambiorics 2005/11 of the Flemish Government and the IAP Programme P6/26 BCRYPT of the Belgian State (Belgian Science Policy). This work is partly supported by the European Commission through the IST Programme under Contract IST-2002-507932 ECRYPT NR 23 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-78966-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 4965 BP 270 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BHO56 UT WOS:000254858900016 ER PT S AU Gunestas, M Wijesekera, D Singhal, A AF Gunestas, Murat Wijesekera, Duminda Singhal, Anoop BE Ray, I Shenoi, S TI Forensic web services SO ADVANCES IN DIGITAL FORENSICS IV SE International Federation for Information Processing LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th Annual IFIP Conference on Digital Forensics CY JAN 28-30, 2008 CL Kyoto Univ, Kyoto, JAPAN SP IFIP WG 11 9, Japan Soc Promot Sci, Fed Bur Invest, Natl Secur Agcy, US Secret Serv HO Kyoto Univ DE web services; service oriented architecture; transaction forensics AB Choreography, orchestration and dynamic invocation allow new web services to be composed from existing ones. However, these compositions create service interdependencies that can be misused for financial fraud and other illegal purposes. When a. misuse is reported, investigators have to navigate through collections of logs to recreate the invocation scenario in order to evaluate the misuse claims. We propose the creation of forensic web services that can securely maintain transaction records between web services. An independent entity could use the stored records to reproduce the complete transaction history when investigating a misuse claim. C1 [Gunestas, Murat; Wijesekera, Duminda] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Singhal, Anoop] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Gunestas, M (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. NR 33 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-5736 BN 978-0-387-84926-3 J9 INT FED INFO PROC PY 2008 VL 285 BP 163 EP + PG 5 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIH22 UT WOS:000259467000014 ER PT J AU Ellis, JR Clarke, MW Cortes, E Heessen, HJL Apostolaki, P Carlson, JK Kulka, DW AF Ellis, Jim R. Clarke, Maurice W. Cortes, Enric Heessen, Henk J. L. Apostolaki, Panayiota Carlson, John K. Kulka, Dave W. BE Payne, A Cotter, J Potter, T TI Management of elasmobranch fisheries in the North Atlantic SO ADVANCES IN FISHERIES SCIENCE: 50 YEARS ON FROM BEVERTON AND HOLT LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Chondrichthyes; conservation; life history; stock assessment ID JUVENILE LEMON SHARKS; LONG-TERM CHANGES; RAY RAJA-CLAVATA; GULF-OF-MEXICO; NEGAPRION-BREVIROSTRIS; GALEORHINUS-GALEUS; BASKING SHARKS; SCYLIORHINUS-CANICULA; REPRODUCTIVE-BIOLOGY; POPULATION-DYNAMICS AB Sharks, skates and rays (Elasmobranchii) are taken in targeted and mixed commercial fisheries, and are also of interest to recreational fisheries and nature conservation groups. The life history characteristics of elasmobranchs (often typified by late age at maturity, slow growth, low fecundity and protracted gestation period) mean that many species can be overfished, and several species/stocks have undergone severe declines in abundance. Although the biological rationale behind their susceptibility to overexploitation was noted by Holden in the 1960s, elasmobranchs were generally overlooked by fisheries managers, despite the fisheries catching them (including pelagic and deep-water fisheries) expanding in the 1970s and 1980s. Interest in managing elasmobranchs has increased since the early 1990s, and although aspects of their life history and ecology are now better known, formal assessments have been undertaken for comparatively few stocks. Here, we provide an overview of the aspects of elasmobranch biology that are important to stock assessment and management, describe the fisheries in the North Atlantic and their management, and summarize relevant nature conservation initiatives. C1 [Ellis, Jim R.; Apostolaki, Panayiota] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. [Clarke, Maurice W.] Inst Marine, Oranmore, Galway, Ireland. [Cortes, Enric; Carlson, John K.] NOAA, Panama City Lab, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Heessen, Henk J. L.] Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands. [Kulka, Dave W.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. RP Ellis, JR (reprint author), Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Pakefield Rd, Lowestoft NR33 0HT, Suffolk, England. EM jim.ellis@Cefas.co.uk RI Cortes, Enric/H-2700-2013 NR 209 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU BLACKWELL SCIENCE PUBL PI OXFORD PA OSNEY MEAD, OXFORD OX2 0EL, ENGLAND BN 978-1-4051-7083-3 PY 2008 BP 184 EP 228 DI 10.1002/9781444302653.ch9 D2 10.1002/9781444302653 PG 45 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BTV92 UT WOS:000288205300011 ER PT B AU Jacob, F Schmugge, T Olioso, A French, A Courault, D Ogawa, K Petitcolin, F Chehbouni, G Pinheiro, A Privette, J AF Jacob, Frederic Schmugge, Thomas Olioso, Albert French, Andrew Courault, Dominique Ogawa, Kenta Petitcolin, Francois Chehbouni, Ghani Pinheiro, Ana Privette, Jeffrey BE Liang, S TI Modeling and inversion in thermal infrared remote sensing over vegetated land surfaces SO ADVANCES IN LAND REMOTE SENSING: SYSTEM, MODELING, INVERSION AND APPLICATION LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing CY OCT, 2005 CL Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resource Res, Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resource Res ID DIRECTIONAL RADIOMETRIC TEMPERATURE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER CALCULATIONS; DUAL ANGLE OBSERVATIONS; SOIL-WATER CONTENT; ENERGY-BALANCE; HEAT-FLUX; EMISSIVITY SEPARATION; NATURAL SURFACES; NONISOTHERMAL SURFACES; BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE AB Thermal Infra Red (TIR) Remote sensing allows spatializing various land surface temperatures: ensemble brightness, radiometric and aerodynamic temperatures, soil and vegetation temperatures optionally sunlit and shaded, and canopy temperature profile. These are of interest for monitoring vegetated land surface processes: heat and mass exchanges, soil respiration and vegetation physiological activity. TIR remote sensors collect information according to spectral, directional, temporal and spatial dimensions. Inferring temperatures from measurements relies on developing and inverting modeling tools. Simple radiative transfer equations directly link measurements and variables of interest, and can be analytically inverted. Simulation models allow linking radiative regime to measurements. They require indirect inversions by minimizing differences between simulations and observations, or by calibrating simple equations and inductive learning methods. In both cases, inversion consists of solving an ill-posed problem, with several parameters to be constrained from few information. Brightness and radiometric temperatures have been inferred by inverting simulation models and simple radiative transfer equations, designed for atmosphere and land surfaces. Obtained accuracies suggest refining the use of spectral and temporal information, rather than innovative approaches. Forthcoming challenge is recovering more elaborated temperatures. Soil and vegetation components can replace aerodynamic temperature, which retrieval seems almost impossible. They can be inferred using multiangular measurements, via simple radiative transfer equations previously parameterized from simulation models. Retrieving sunlit and shaded components or canopy temperature profile requires inverting simulation models. Then, additional difficulties are the influence of thermal regime, and the limitations of spaceborne observations which have to be along track due to the temperature fluctuations. Finally, forefront investigations focus on adequately using TIR information with various spatial resolutions and temporal samplings, to monitor the considered processes with adequate spatial and temporal scales. C1 [Jacob, Frederic] INRA, IRD, UMR LISAH SupAgro, Lab Studies Interact Soils Agrosyst Hydrosyst, Montpellier, France. [Schmugge, Thomas] New Mexico State Univ, Coll Agr, Las Cruces, NM USA. [Olioso, Albert; Courault, Dominique] UMR CSE INRA UAPV, Natl Inst Agron Res, F-84914 Avignon, France. [French, Andrew] USDA, US Arid Land Agr Res Ctr, Maricopa, AZ 85238 USA. [Ogawa, Kenta] Univ Tokyo, Dept Geosyst Engn, Tokyo, Japan. [Ogawa, Kenta] Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan. [Petitcolin, Francois] ACRI ST, Sophia Antipolis, France. [Chehbouni, Ghani] Inst Res Dev, Ctr Spatial Studies Biosphere, Toulouse, France. [Pinheiro, Ana] NASA, GSFC, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Privette, Jeffrey] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Jacob, F (reprint author), INRA, IRD, UMR LISAH SupAgro, Lab Studies Interact Soils Agrosyst Hydrosyst, Montpellier, France. EM frederic.jacob@supagro.mra.fr RI Jacob, Frederic/A-5946-2011; OI Jacob, Frederic/0000-0002-2491-3096; Olioso, Albert/0000-0001-8342-9272 FU US ASTER Project of NASA's EOS-Terra Program (P.I. Thomas Schmugge); US NASA EOS [03-EOS-02]; French PNTS program; French PNBC program; French Inter Region MIP / PACA program; Department of Research, Development, and International Relations of Purpan Graduate School of Agriculture; ISPMSRS FX This review article was possible thanks to numerous interactions, discussions and scientific exchanges, in the framework of various collaborations supported by several programs: the US ASTER Project of NASAs EOS-Terra Program (P.I. Thomas Schmugge), the US NASA EOS Grant 03-EOS-02 (P.I. Andrew French), the French PNTS program (project P.Is. Frederic Jacob and Albert Olioso), the French PNBC program (project P.I. Jean Claude Menaut), the French Inter Region MIP / PACA program (project P.I. Dominique Courault), and finally the program from the Department of Research, Development, and International Relations of Purpan Graduate School of Agriculture. Many thanks to the ISPMSRS 2005 sponsors for permitting this symposium. NR 263 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-6449-4 PY 2008 BP 245 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6450-0_10 PG 17 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA BHR96 UT WOS:000255865000010 ER PT S AU Naish, KA Taylor, JE Levin, PS Quinn, TP Winton, JR Huppert, D Hilborn, R AF Naish, Kerry A. Taylor, Joseph E., III Levin, Phillip S. Quinn, Thomas P. Winton, James R. Huppert, Daniel Hilborn, Ray BE Sims, DW TI An evaluation of the effects of conservation and fishery enhancement hatcheries on wild populations of salmon SO ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY SE Advances in Marine Biology LA English DT Review; Book Chapter ID INFECTIOUS HEMATOPOIETIC NECROSIS; RUN CHINOOK SALMON; BROWN TROUT POPULATIONS; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; INTERSPECIFIC REPRODUCTIVE BARRIERS; MICROSATELLITE DNA VARIATION; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH AB The historical, political and scientific aspects of salmon hatchery programmes designed to enhance fishery production, or to recover endangered populations, are reviewed. We start by pointing out that the establishment of hatcheries has been a political response to societal demands for harvest and conservation; given this social context, we then critically examined the levels of activity, the biological risks, and the economic analysis associated with salmon hatchery programmes. A rigorous analysis of the impacts of hatchery programmes was hindered by the lack of standardized data on release sizes and survival rates at all ecological scales, and since hatchery programme objectives are rarely defined, it was also difficult to measure their effectiveness at meeting release objectives. Debates on the genetic effects of hatchery programmes on wild fish have been dominated by whether correct management practices can reduce negative outcomes, but we noted that there has been an absence of programmatic research approaches addressing this important issue. Competitive interactions between hatchery and wild fish were observed to be complex, but studies researching approaches to reduce these interactions at all ecological scales during the entire salmon life history have been rare, and thus are not typically considered in hatchery management. Harvesting of salmon released from fishery enhancement hatcheries likely impacts vulnerable wild populations; managers have responded to this problem by mass marking hatchery fish, so that fishing effort can be directed towards hatchery populations. However, we noted that the effectiveness of this approach is dependant on accurate marking and production of hatchery fish with high survival rates, and it is not yet clear whether selective fishing will prevent overharvest of wild populations. Finally, research demonstrating disease transmission from hatchery fish to wild populations was observed to be equivocal; evidence in this area has been constrained by the lack of effective approaches to studying the fate of pathogens in the wild. We then reviewed several approaches to studying the economic consequences of hatchery activities intended to inform the social decisions surrounding programmes, but recognized that placing monetary value on conservation efforts or on hatcheries that mitigate cultural groups' loss of historical harvest opportunities may complicate these analyses. We noted that economic issues have rarely been included in decision making on hatchery programmes. We end by identifying existing major knowledge gaps, which, if filled, could contribute towards a fuller understanding of the role that hatchery programmes could play in meeting divergent goals. However, we also recognized that many management recommendations arising from such research may involve trade-offs between different risks, and that decisions about these trade-offs must occur within a social context. Hatcheries have played an important role in sustaining some highly endangered populations, and it is possible that reform of practices will lead to an increase in the number of successful programmes. However, a serious appraisal of the role of hatcheries in meeting broader needs is urgently warranted and should take place at the scientific, but more effectively, at the societal level. C1 [Naish, Kerry A.; Levin, Phillip S.; Quinn, Thomas P.; Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Taylor, Joseph E., III] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Hist & Geog, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. [Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98122 USA. [Winton, James R.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Huppert, Daniel] Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Naish, KA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Knaish@u.washington.edu RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013; Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014 OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778 NR 473 TC 71 Z9 73 U1 5 U2 74 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-2881 BN 978-0-12-374119-6 J9 ADV MAR BIOL JI Adv. Mar. Biol. PY 2008 VL 53 BP 61 EP 194 DI 10.1016/S0065-2881(07)53002-6 PG 134 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BHK80 UT WOS:000253927500002 ER PT S AU Mohr, PJ AF Mohr, Peter J. BE Sabin, JR Brandas, E TI The quantum SI: A possible new international system of units SO ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, VOL 53: CURRENT TRENDS IN ATOMIC PHYSICS SE ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Honor of Ingvar Lindgrens 75th Birthday CY JUN 02-03, 2006 CL Chalmers Univ Technol, Gothenburg, SWEDEN HO Chalmers Univ Technol ID AVOGADRO CONSTANT; PLANCK CONSTANT; KILOGRAM; MASS AB The International System of Units is a widely used system of measurement standards that provide the basis for expressing physical quantities, such as the kilogram for mass. This paper will describe a proposed modernization of some of the unit definitions that would provide a system that is more stable over time and more suitable for expressing the values of many fundamental constants. C1 [Mohr, Peter J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mohr, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3276 BN 978-0-12-373925-4 J9 ADV QUANTUM CHEM PY 2008 VL 53 BP 27 EP 36 DI 10.1016/S0065-3276(07)53003-0 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA BGY44 UT WOS:000251354200003 ER PT S AU Le Bigot, EO Jentschura, UD Kotochigova, S Mohr, PJ Taylor, BN AF Le Bigot, Eric-Olivier Jentschura, Ulrich D. Kotochigova, Svetlana Mohr, Peter J. Taylor, Barry N. BE Sabin, JR Brandas, E TI Extensive calculations of high-precision energy levels in hydrogen and deuterium through a least-squares adjustment SO ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY, VOL 53: CURRENT TRENDS IN ATOMIC PHYSICS SE ADVANCES IN QUANTUM CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium in Honor of Ingvar Lindgrens 75th Birthday CY JUN 02-03, 2006 CL Chalmers Univ Technol, Gothenburg, SWEDEN HO Chalmers Univ Technol ID HELIUM FINE-STRUCTURE; FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; ELECTRON; INTERVAL; ATOMS; FIELD AB Recent high-precision energy level calculations in atomic hydrogen and deuterium are presented. Numerical values are readily available on the web. The procedure found can provide new predictions in a relatively simple way, by relying on results obtained through the latest adjustment of the fundamental constants. The calculations are meant to yield optimal predictions. Some of the predicted transition frequencies have an uncertainty more than an order of magnitude smaller than that of the Lande factor g of the electron, which was previously the most accurate prediction of quantum electrodynamics (QED). These predictions were obtained by combining accurately measured transitions in hydrogen and deuterium with recent QED calculations. A mostly non-technical overview of the relevant adjustment procedures is given in this paper. C1 [Le Bigot, Eric-Olivier] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Jentschura, Ulrich D.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. [Kotochigova, Svetlana; Mohr, Peter J.; Taylor, Barry N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Le Bigot, EO (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Ecole Normale Super, Lab Kastler Brossel, 4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM eric.lebigot@normalesup.org NR 32 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER ACADEMIC PRESS INC PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B STREET, SUITE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0065-3276 BN 978-0-12-373925-4 J9 ADV QUANTUM CHEM PY 2008 VL 53 BP 253 EP 271 DI 10.1016/S0065-3276(07)53013-3 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA BGY44 UT WOS:000251354200013 ER PT S AU Kang, SH Lavery, K Choi, KW Prabhu, VM Wu, WL Lin, EK De Silva, A Felix, N Ober, C AF Kang, Shuhui Lavery, Kristopher Choi, Kwang-Woo Prabhu, Vivek M. Wu, Wen-li Lin, Eric K. De Silva, Anuja Felix, Nelson Ober, Christopher BE Henderson, CL TI A comparison of the reaction-diffusion kinetics between model-EUV polymer and molecular-glass photoresists - art. no. 692317 SO ADVANCES IN RESIST MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY XXV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXV CY FEB 25-27, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE diffusion coefficient; photoacid; photoresist; kinetics; FTIR; molecular glass ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESIST; RESISTS; SIMULATIONS; FRONT AB It has been recently postulated that sub-22 nm photolithography with polymeric photoresists has reached a materials design barrier due to its large molecular mass and distribution. In this argument, the "pixel" size, which is related to the smallest molecular unit, deterinines the feature fidelity and resolution of the lithographic process. This hypothesis remains unproven, but molecular glass photoresists can provide a test because they can share similar chemical functionality to polymer resists, but with low molecular mass and a monodisperse molecular mass distribution. The low molecular mass leads to the smaller pixel size compared to the radius of gyration of the polymer photoresist. In this work, we compare the deprotection reaction-diffusion kinetics of a common photoacid generator in a polymer and molecular glass resist with similar resist chemistry to elucidate effects of molecular architecture on photoresist performance. We determine the mechanism of reaction, photoacid trapping behavior, and diffusivity by measuring and comparing the reaction kinetics parameters as a function of temperature and exposure dose. These results permit an analysis of the latent image formation which is a crucial factor in resolution and line-edge roughness. Further, knowledge of the reaction-diffusion parameters of each type of resist provides a quantitative approach to predict line-space features, crucial for design for resolution-enhancement features. C1 [Kang, Shuhui; Lavery, Kristopher; Choi, Kwang-Woo; Prabhu, Vivek M.; Wu, Wen-li; Lin, Eric K.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kang, SH (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7108-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6923 BP 92317 EP 92317 DI 10.1117/12.773018 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHV90 UT WOS:000256899100039 ER PT S AU VanderHart, DL De Silva, A Felix, N Prabhu, VM Ober, CK AF VanderHart, David L. De Silva, Anuja Felix, Nelson Prabhu, Vivek M. Ober, Christopher K. BE Henderson, CL TI The effect of EUV molecular glass architecture on the bulk dispersion of a photo-acid generator - art. no. 69231M SO ADVANCES IN RESIST MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY XXV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXV CY FEB 25-27, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE crystallinity; hydrogen bonding; impurities; mixing; NMR; N-methyl 2-pyrrolidinone; molecular glass; photoresist; photoacid generator; spin diffusion ID NUCLEAR-MAGNETIC-RESONANCE; PROTON SPIN-DIFFUSION; MULTIPLE PULSE NMR; HIGH-RESOLUTION; POLYMER BLENDS; MAGIC-ANGLE; NANOMETER LITHOGRAPHY; RESISTS; SOLIDS; PHOTORESISTS AB We have examined four molecular glasses (MGs) which are candidates for EUV photoresist formulations. These derivatized glasses, and their unprotected precursors, were investigated by both proton and C-13 solid state NMR techniques in the bulk state as pure materials and as mixtures with 5 or 10% by mass of the photoacid generator (PAG), triphenyl sulfonium perfluorobutanesulfonate. The C-13 techniques gave information about crystallinity, purity, and the presence of the PAG. This paper characterizes the intimacy of mixing of the PAG and the MGs using proton spin diffusion methods. Phase separation of the PAG into PAG-rich larger domains was never seen; the PAG was always finely distributed. A maximum diameter for any PAG clustered into spherical domains was estimated to be 3.8 nm, which is too small to reflect thermodynamic incompatibility as the driving force during relatively slow removal of solvent. Hence, PAG blended samples are deduced to be thermodynamically compatible, with differential solubility in the preparation solvent the most likely candidate for producing the significant inhomogeneities in PAG concentration observed in a few samples. For one of the unprotected crystalline calix[4]resorcinarenes precursor materials, the solvent, N-methyl 2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) was used. The resulting solid was crystalline with a segregation of isomers, one of which formed a solid adduct with a 1: 1 molecular ratio with NMP. Qualitatively, the strong NMP affinity for the calix[4]resorcinarenes is also evident in a) the immobility of the NMP, b) the fact that the N-14 quadrupolar interaction changes when NMP goes from the crystalline, unprotected host to a glassy, protected host, and c) that NMP tends to remain as a significant residue. Only the underivatized materials display crystallinity implying that the mixing of the PAG with any derivatized MG is not restricted by crystallization, at least not before the post-exposure bake step. As a final note, very strong hydrogen bonds exist in three underivatized materials which is reduced or eliminated with partial protection with t-BOC. C1 [VanderHart, David L.; Prabhu, Vivek M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP VanderHart, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 36 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7108-6 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6923 BP M9231 EP M9231 DI 10.1117/12.773048 PN 1-2 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHV90 UT WOS:000256899100052 ER PT S AU Woodward, JT Choi, KW Prabhu, VM Kang, SH Lavery, K Wu, WL Leeson, M De Silva, A Felix, NM Ober, CK AF Woodward, John T. Choi, Kwang-Woo Prabhu, Vivek M. Kang, Shuhui Lavery, Kristopher Wu, Wen-Li Leeson, Michael De Silva, Anuja Felix, Nelson M. Ober, Christopher K. BE Henderson, CL TI Characterization of the latent image to developed image in model EUV photoresists SO ADVANCES IN RESIST MATERIALS AND PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY XXV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Advances in Resist Materials and Processing Technology XXV CY FEB 25-27, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE atomic force microscopy; EUV photoresists; latent image; line width roughness ID LINE-EDGE ROUGHNESS; CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED RESISTS; ADVANCED LIGHT-SOURCE; LITHOGRAPHY AB Cur-rent extreme ultraviolet (EUV) photoresist materials do not yet meet performance requirements on exposure-dose sensitivity, line-width roughness, and resolution. In order to quantify how these trade-offs are related to the materials properties of the resist and processing conditions, advanced measurements and fundamental studies are required that consider EUV-resist specific problems. In this paper, we focus-on the correlations between the latent image and developed image in EUV exposed line/space features. The latent images of isolated lines produced by EUV lithography are characterized by atomic force microscopy through the change in topology caused by change in film thickness that occurs upon deprotection. The resulting latent-image deprotection gradient (DG(L)), based on line cross-sections, and latent-image line-width roughness (LWRL) Provide metrics and insight into ways to optimize the lithographic process. The results from a model poly(hydroxystyrene-co-tert-butylacrylate) resist and a model calix[4]resorcinarene molecular glass type resist show the general applicability of the metric before development. C1 [Woodward, John T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optic Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Woodward, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Optic Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7108-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6923 AR 69232B DI 10.1117/12.773036 PN 1-2 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Materials Science; Optics GA BHV90 UT WOS:000256899100073 ER PT J AU Castell, N Stein, AF Salvador, R Mantilla, E Millan, M AF Castell, N. Stein, A. F. Salvador, R. Mantilla, E. Millan, M. TI The impact of biogenic VOC emissions on photochemical ozone formation during a high ozone pollution episode in the Iberian Peninsula in the 2003 summer season SO ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Meeting of the European-Meteorology-Society (EMS) / 8th European Conference on Applications of Meteorology CY OCT 01-05, 2007 CL San Lorenzo de El Escorial, SPAIN SP European Meteorol Soc ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; UNITED-STATES; NITROGEN; SENSITIVITY; HYDROCARBON; REDUCTIONS; ISOPRENE; PATTERNS; OXIDES; NOX AB Throughout Europe the summer of 2003 was exceptionally warm, especially July and August. The European Environment Agency (EEA) reported several ozone episodes, mainly in the first half of August. These episodes were exceptionally long-lasting, spatially extensive, and associated to high temperatures. In this paper, the 10-15 August 2003 ozone pollution event has been analyzed using meteorological and regional air quality modelling. During this period the threshold values of the European Directive 2002/3/EC were exceeded in various areas of the Iberian Peninsula. The aim of this paper is to computationally understand and quantify the influence of biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions in the formation of tropospheric ozone during this high ozone episode. Being able to differentiate how much ozone comes from biogenic emissions alone and how much comes from the interaction between anthropogenic and biogenic emissions would be helpful to develop a feasible and effective ozone control strategy. The impact on ozone formation was also studied in combination with various anthropogenic emission reduction strategies, i.e., when anthropogenic VOC emissions and/or NOx emissions are reduced. The results show a great dependency of the BVOC contribution to ozone formation on the antropoghenic reduction scenario. In rural areas, the impact due to a NOx and/or VOC reduction does not change the BVOC impact. Nevertheless, within big cities or industrial zones, a NOx reduction results in a decrease of the biogenic impact in ozone levels that can reach 85 mu g/m(3), whereas an Anthropogenic Volatile Organic Compound (AVOC) reduction results in a decrease of the BVOC contribution on ozone formation that varies from 0 to 30 mu g/m(3) with respect to the contribution at the same points in the 2003 base scenario. On the other hand, downwind of the big cities, a decrease in NOx produces a minor contribution of biogenic emissions and a decrease in AVOCs results in greater contributions of BVOCs to the formation of ozone. C1 [Castell, N.; Salvador, R.; Mantilla, E.; Millan, M.] Fdn Ctr Estudios Ambientales Mediterraneo, CEAM, Valencia, Spain. [Stein, A. F.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Earth Resources & Technol Assignment, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Castell, N (reprint author), Fdn Ctr Estudios Ambientales Mediterraneo, CEAM, Valencia, Spain. EM nuria@ceam.es RI Stein, Ariel/L-9724-2014 OI Stein, Ariel/0000-0002-9560-9198 NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1992-0628 EI 1992-0636 J9 ADV SCI RES JI Adv. Sci. Res. PY 2008 VL 2 BP 9 EP 15 PG 7 GA CD2EQ UT WOS:000350887500003 ER PT J AU Castell, N Stein, AF Salvador, R Mantilla, E Millan, M AF Castell, N. Stein, A. F. Salvador, R. Mantilla, E. Millan, M. TI Sensitivity analysis of surface ozone to modified initial and boundary conditions in both rural and industrial zones SO ADVANCES IN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Annual Meeting of the European-Meteorology-Society (EMS) / 8th European Conference on Applications of Meteorology CY OCT 01-05, 2007 CL San Lorenzo de El Escorial, SPAIN SP European Meteorol Soc ID AREA AB A three-dimensional air quality model based on a set of chemical species mass conservation equations describes the time evolution of chemical species in the atmosphere. In order to solve this set of equations, proper choices of initial and boundary conditions are needed. Ideally, initial and boundary conditions should be determined on the basis of observations. However, since such high-resolution observations are generally not available, it becomes necessary to use other information sources to specify the initial and boundary values. The fact that both the initial and the boundary conditions are specified with some degree of presumption makes it important to evaluate their influence in the model results. In this paper we present a study of the impact of initial and boundary concentrations on the modelled surface ozone concentration over two environments: Huelva and Badajoz, an industrial and a rural zone, respectively. The impacts are analysed for the same meteorological period (10-15 August 2003). C1 [Castell, N.; Salvador, R.; Mantilla, E.; Millan, M.] CEAM, Fdn Ctr Estudios Ambientales Mediterraneo, Valencia, Spain. [Stein, A. F.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Earth Resources & Technol Assignment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Castell, N (reprint author), CEAM, Fdn Ctr Estudios Ambientales Mediterraneo, Valencia, Spain. EM nuria@ceam.es RI Stein, Ariel/L-9724-2014 OI Stein, Ariel/0000-0002-9560-9198 NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1992-0628 EI 1992-0636 J9 ADV SCI RES JI Adv. Sci. Res. PY 2008 VL 2 BP 113 EP 118 PG 6 GA CD2EQ UT WOS:000350887500021 ER PT J AU Evans, D Garrett, H Jun, I Evans, R Chow, J AF Evans, D. Garrett, H. Jun, I. Evans, R. Chow, J. TI Long-term observations of the trapped high-energy proton population (L < 4) by the NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites (POES) SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE POES; trapped protons; SEM-2 ID MODEL AB The Space Environment Monitor (SEM) onboard the NOAA POES satellites has been measuring the near-Earth charged particle environment since 1978, providing an extensive database that can be used for studying the long-term behavior of this population of trapped particles. POES stands for Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellite. These satellites orbit at similar to 840 km altitude and at ail inclination of 98 degrees. The SEM-1 instrument was flown on the POES satellites beginning in 1978 with TIROS-N and NOAA-6 in 1979 and continuing to NOAA-14 launched in 1995 with the exception of NOAA-9 and NOAA-11 (NOAA-13 failed shortly after launch). Its replacement, SEM-2, has flown oil the POES NOAA-15, -16, and -17 satellites (from 1998). Here we present the results of a study oil the statistical variations of the high-energy trapped proton environment. Among the detectors in SEM, the four SEM-2 omni-directional proton detectors for energies >16 MeV, >36 MeV, >70 MeV, and >140 MeV provide the data most relevant to this study. For this Study, the SEM-2 omni-directional detector data from each satellite (NOAA-15, -16, and -17) were accumulated over 8-s intervals and arranged/collected on a 1 degrees latitude by 2 degrees longitude grid. The data set covers the period between June 1, 1998 and June 30, 2005. This amounts to about 15 satellite-years of data encompassing much of a solar cycle. The spatial grid covers sub-satellite locations at latitude center values from 65.5 degrees north to 72.5 degrees South and longitude center values from 1 degrees east to 359 degrees east. Typically there are 1700-2100 individual data entries per detector within each longitude-latitude bin. For each spatial bin, we also computed for detailed analysis various geomagnetic field parameters (e.g., Mcllwain's L value, local field strength, field strength at the equator along the field line, etc.) for the field line threading the center of the bin. For this purpose, we used the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF) Model, Epoch 2003.5. Each data sample within the spatial bin also contains the information on geomagnetic activity and an index indicating whether a Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) event was in progress at the time the data were taken and the magnitude of that event. The final data set thus obtained forms an extensive source of information useful for studying the long-term near-Earth trapped proton environment as a function of solar cycle, magnetic activity and the role of SEP events. (C) 2007 COSPAR. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Garrett, H.; Jun, I.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Evans, D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Evans, R.] Gibbel Corp, Montrose, CA 91020 USA. [Chow, J.] Raytheon Corp, El Segundo, CA 90245 USA. RP Jun, I (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM insoo.jun@jpl.nasa.gov NR 8 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 8 BP 1261 EP 1268 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.11.028 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297FK UT WOS:000255602300014 ER PT J AU Laszlo, I Ciren, P Liu, HQ Kondragunta, S Tarpley, JD Goldberg, MD AF Laszlo, Istvan Ciren, Pubu Liu, Hongqing Kondragunta, Shobha Tarpley, J. Dan Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI Remote sensing of aerosol and radiation from geostationary satellites SO ADVANCES IN SPACE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE aerosol; shortwave radiation budget; geostationary satellite ID SURFACE ALBEDO RETRIEVAL; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; GOES-8 IMAGER; REFLECTANCE; CLOUD; ALGORITHM; PROJECT; AVHRR; MODIS; LAND AB The paper presents a high-level overview of current and future remote sensing of aerosol and shortwave radiation budget carried out at the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) from the US Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) series. The retrievals from the current GOES imagers are based on physical principles. Aerosol and radiation are estimated in separate processing from the comparison of satellite-observed reflectances derived from a single visible channel with those calculated from detailed radiative transfer. The radiative transfer calculation accounts for multiple scattering by molecules, aerosol and cloud and absorption by the major atmospheric gases. The retrievals are performed operationally every 30 min for aerosol and every hour for radiation for pixel sizes of 4-km (aerosol) and 15- to 50-km (radiation). Both retrievals estimate the surface reflectance as a byproduct from the time composite of clear visible reflectances assuming fixed values of the aerosol optical depth. With the launch of GOES-R NOAA will begin a new era of geostationary remote sensing. The Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) onboard GOES-R will offer capabilities for aerosol remote sensing similar to those currently provided by the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) flown on the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) satellites. The ABI aerosol algorithm currently under development uses a multichannel approach to estimate the aerosol optical depth and aerosol model simultaneously, both over water and land. Its design is strongly inspired by the MODIS aerosol algorithm. The ABI shortwave radiation budget algorithm is based on the successful GOES Surface and Insolation Product system of NOAA and the NASA Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES), Surface and Atmospheric Radiation Budget (SARB) algorithm. In all phases of the development, the algorithms are tested with proxy data generated from existing satellite observations and forward simulations. Final assessment of the performance will be made after the launch of GOES-R scheduled in 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of COSPAR. C1 [Laszlo, Istvan; Kondragunta, Shobha; Tarpley, J. Dan; Goldberg, Mitchell D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Ciren, Pubu; Liu, Hongqing] QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Laszlo, I (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM istvan.laszlo@noaa.gov RI Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Ciren, Pubu/E-6542-2011; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Liu, Hongqing/F-5608-2010 OI Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Liu, Hongqing/0000-0002-9246-5379 NR 39 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0273-1177 J9 ADV SPACE RES JI Adv. Space Res. PY 2008 VL 41 IS 11 BP 1882 EP 1893 DI 10.1016/j.asr.2007.06.047 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314ZG UT WOS:000256847100019 ER PT S AU Li, XL Godil, A Wagan, A AF Li, Xiaolan Godil, Afzal Wagan, Asim BE Bebis, G TI Spatially Enhanced Bags of Words for 3D Shape Retrieval SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT I, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY DEC 01-03, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR Comp Vis Lab, Desert Res Inst, Berkeley Lab, NASA, SIEMENS, Intel, Digital Persona, EQUINOX, Hp Invent, Ford, MITSUBISHI, Utopia Compress, Informat CORE ID PROJECTION AB This paper presents a new method for 3D shape retrieval based on the bags-of-words model along with a weak spatial constraint. First, a two-pass sampling procedure is performed to extract the local shape descriptors, based on spin images, which are used to construct a shape dictionary. Second, the model is partitioned into different regions based on the positions of the words. Then each region is denoted as a histogram of words (also known as bag-of-words) as found in it along with its position. After that, the 3D model is represented as the collection of histograms, denoted as bags-of-words, along with their relative positions, which is an extension of an orderless bag-of-words 3D shape representation. We call it as Spatial Enhanced Bags-of-Words (SEBW). The spatial constraint shows improved performance on 3D shape retrieval tasks. C1 [Li, Xiaolan; Godil, Afzal; Wagan, Asim] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lixlan@nist.gov; godil@nist.gov; wagan@nist.gov NR 20 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-89638-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5358 BP 349 EP 358 PG 10 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIZ95 UT WOS:000264057800034 ER PT S AU Fang, R Godil, A Li, XL Wagan, A AF Fang, Rui Godil, Afzal Li, Xiaolan Wagan, Asim BE Bebis, G TI A New Shape Benchmark for 3D Object Retrieval SO ADVANCES IN VISUAL COMPUTING, PT I, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Visual Computing CY DEC 01-03, 2008 CL Las Vegas, NV SP UNR Comp Vis Lab, Desert Res Inst, Berkeley Lab, NASA, SIEMENS, Intel, Digital Persona, EQUINOX, Hp Invent, Ford, MITSUBISHI, Utopia Compress, Informat CORE ID SEARCH AB Recently, content based 3D shape retrieval has been an active area of research. Benchmarking allows researchers to evaluate the quality of results of different 3D shape retrieval approaches. Here, we propose a new publicly available 3D shape benchmark to advance the state of art in 3D shape retrieval. We provide a review of previous and recent benchmarking efforts and then discuss some of the issues and problems involved in developing a benchmark. A detailed description of the new shape benchmark is provided including some of the salient features of this benchmark. :In this benchmark, the 3D models are classified mainly according to visual shape similarity but in contrast to other benchmarks, the geometric structure of each model is modified and normalized, with each class in the benchmark sharing the equal number of models to reduce the possible bias in evaluation results. In the end we evaluate several representative algorithms for 3D shape searching on the new benchmark, and a comparison experiment between different shape benchmarks is also conducted to show the reliability of the new benchmark. C1 [Fang, Rui; Godil, Afzal; Li, Xiaolan; Wagan, Asim] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fang, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rfang@nist.gov; godil@nist.gov; lixlan@nist.gov; wagan@nist.gov NR 31 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-89638-8 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5358 BP 381 EP 392 PN I PG 12 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIZ95 UT WOS:000264057800037 ER PT J AU Kim, SW Yoon, SC Dutton, EG Kim, J Wehrli, C Holben, BN AF Kim, Sang-Woo Yoon, Soon-Chang Dutton, Ellsworth G. Kim, Jiyoung Wehrli, Christoph Holben, Brent N. TI Global surface-based sun photometer network for long-term observations of column aerosol optical properties: Intercomparison of aerosol optical depth SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SKY RADIANCE MEASUREMENTS; AERONET AB Comparisons of aerosol optical depths (AODs) determined from several types of Sun photometers operating side by side as part of four different networks (GAW PFR, AERONET, SKYNET, and NOAA/ESRL aerosol monitoring programs) were made at 6 different environmental stations to evaluate the different types of current state-of-the-art instruments under different aerosol loading conditions. A comparison between AERONET CIMEL and GAW PFR at a high altitude calibration site, Mauna Loa, shows an excellent agreement with 0.001 bias for 500 nm AOD. AODs obtained from direct Sun-pointing instruments are within 0.01 bias, though these results are similar to or slightly larger than those given in previous short-term intensive studies. These results suggest that well-maintained networks of direct Sun-pointing instruments developed by different companies/institutions can provide quality-assured AOD data across the globe to the aerosol-climate research community. The poorer agreement between a hemispherical field-of-view (FOV) MFRSR and the finite FOV Sun-pointing instrument is found to be due to uncertainty in the angular characterization of the MFRSR optics. C1 [Kim, Sang-Woo; Yoon, Soon-Chang] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. [Kim, Sang-Woo] CEA CNRS UVSQ, Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Dutton, Ellsworth G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Kim, Jiyoung] Korea Meteorol Adm, Natl Inst Meteorol Res, Seoul, South Korea. [Wehrli, Christoph] Phys Meteorol Observ Davos, World Radiat Ctr, Davos, Switzerland. [Holben, Brent N.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Kim, SW (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul 151747, South Korea. EM yoon@snu.ac.kr NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 1 EP 9 DI 10.1080/02786820701699743 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 262QX UT WOS:000253164200001 ER PT J AU Bahreini, R Dunlea, EJ Matthew, BM Simons, C Docherty, KS DeCarlo, PF Jimenez, JL Brock, CA Middlebrook, AM AF Bahreini, Roya Dunlea, Edward J. Matthew, Brendan M. Simons, Craig Docherty, Kenneth S. DeCarlo, Peter F. Jimenez, Jose L. Brock, Charles A. Middlebrook, Ann M. TI Design and operation of a pressure-controlled inlet for airborne sampling with an aerodynamic aerosol lens SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID GENERATING PARTICLE BEAMS; FLIGHT MASS-SPECTROMETER; CONTROLLED DIMENSIONS; NOZZLE EXPANSIONS; SYSTEM; SIZE; DIVERGENCE; EFFICIENCY; MOTION AB Two pressure-controlled inlets (PCI) have been designed and integrated into the Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) inlet system containing an aerodynamic aerosol lens system for use in airborne measurements. Laboratory experiments show that size calibration and mass flow rate into the AMS are not affected by changes in upstream pressure (P-0) of the PCI as long as the pressure within the PCI chamber (P-PCI) is controlled to values lower than P-0. Numerous experiments were conducted at different P-PCI, P-0, and AMS lens pressures (P-Lens) to determine particle transmission efficiency into the AMS. Based on the results, optimum operating conditions were selected which allow for constant pressure sampling with close to 100% transmission efficiency of particles in the size range of similar to 100-700 nm vacuum aerodynamic diameter (d(va)) at altitudes up to similar to 6.5 km. Data from an airborne field study are presented for illustration. C1 [Bahreini, Roya; Dunlea, Edward J.; Matthew, Brendan M.; Simons, Craig; Docherty, Kenneth S.; DeCarlo, Peter F.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bahreini, Roya; Matthew, Brendan M.; Simons, Craig; Brock, Charles A.; Middlebrook, Ann M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [DeCarlo, Peter F.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bahreini, R (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM Roya.Bahreini@noaa.gov RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; NR 21 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 6 BP 465 EP 471 DI 10.1080/02786820802178514 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 318KZ UT WOS:000257091800006 ER PT J AU Gallavardin, SJ Froyd, KD Lohmann, U Moehler, O Murphy, DM Cziczo, DJ AF Gallavardin, Stephane J. Froyd, Karl D. Lohmann, Ulrike Moehler, Ottmar Murphy, Daniel M. Cziczo, Daniel J. TI Single Particle Laser Mass Spectrometry Applied to Differential Ice Nucleation Experiments at the AIDA Chamber SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL-PARTICLES; MINERAL DUST; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; DENSITY; NUCLEI; WATER; ACID; PERFORMANCE; EFFICIENCY; PRESSURES AB Experiments conducted at the Aerosol Interactions and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) chamber located in Karlsruhe, Germany permit investigation of particle properties that affect the nucleation of ice at temperature and water vapor conditions relevant to cloud microphysics and climate issues. Ice clouds were generated by heterogeneous nucleation of Arizona test dust (ATD), illite, and hematite and homogeneous nucleation of sulfuric acid. Ice crystals formed in the chamber were inertially separated from unactivated, or "interstitial" aerosol particles with a pumped counterflow virtual impactor (PCVI), then evaporated. The ice residue (i.e., the aerosol which initiated ice nucleation plus any material which was scavenged from the gas- and/or particlephase), was chemically characterized at the single particle level using a laser ionization mass spectrometer. In this manner the species that first nucleated ice could be identified out of a mixed aerosol population in the chamber. Bare mineral dust particles were more effective ice nuclei (IN) than similar particles with a coating. Metallic particles from contamination in the chamber initiated ice nucleation before other species but there were few enough that they did not compromise the experiments. Nitrate, sulfate, and organics were often detected on particles and ice residue, evidently from scavenging of trace gas- phase species in the chamber. Hematite was a more effective ice nucleus than illite. Ice residue was frequently larger than unactivated test aerosol due to the formation of aggregates due to scavenging, condensation of contaminant gases, and the predominance of larger aerosol in nucleation. C1 [Cziczo, Daniel J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Gallavardin, Stephane J.; Lohmann, Ulrike; Cziczo, Daniel J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Froyd, Karl D.; Murphy, Daniel M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Froyd, Karl D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Moehler, Ottmar] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Meteorol & Climate Res, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RP Cziczo, DJ (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, Atmospher Sci & Global Change Div, POB 999, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM daniel.cziczo@pnl.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Froyd, Karl/H-6607-2013; Mohler, Ottmar/J-9426-2012; Lohmann, Ulrike/B-6153-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Lohmann, Ulrike/0000-0001-8885-3785; NR 44 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 9 BP 773 EP 791 DI 10.1080/02786820802339538 PG 19 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 496HH UT WOS:000269960300003 ER PT J AU Matthew, BM Middlebrook, AM Onasch, TB AF Matthew, Brendan M. Middlebrook, Ann M. Onasch, Timothy B. TI Collection efficiencies in an Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer as a function of particle phase for laboratory generated aerosols SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BEAM WIDTH PROBE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; ORGANIC AEROSOL; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION; DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; MORPHOLOGICAL CONTROL; SUBMICRON PARTICLES; SOLUTION DROPLETS; COMBINED MOBILITY; NEW-YORK AB The Aerodyne Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) is a useful tool to study ambient particles. To be quantitative, the mass or (number) of particles detected by the AMS relative to the mass (or number) of particles sampled by the AMS, or the AMS collection efficiency (CE), must be known. Here we investigated the effect of particulate phase on AMS CE for ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, mixed ammonium nitrate/ammonium sulfate, and ammonium sulfate particles coated with an organic liquid. Dry, solid ammonium sulfate particles were sampled with a CE of 24 +/- 3%. Liquid droplets and solid particles that were thickly coated with a liquid organic were collected with a CE of 100%. Mixed phase particles, solid particles thinly coated with liquid organic, and metastable aqueous ammonium sulfate droplets had intermediate CEs. The higher CEs for liquid particles compared with solid particles were attributed to wet or coated particles tending to stick upon impact with the AMS vaporizer, while a significant fraction of solid particles bounced prior to vaporization/detection. The consistency of single particle signals indicated that the phase (and hence CE) of mixed component particles did not affect the AMS sensitivity to a particular chemical species once volatilization occurred. Particle phase might explain a significant fraction of the variable AMS CEs reported in the literature. For example, ambient particles that were liquid (e.g., composition dominated by ammonium nitrate or acidic sulfate) have been reported to be sampled with 100% CE. In contrast, most ambient particle measurements report CEs of <100% (typically similar to 50%). C1 [Matthew, Brendan M.; Middlebrook, Ann M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Matthew, Brendan M.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matthew, Brendan M.] Eastman Kodak Co, Windsor, CO USA. [Onasch, Timothy B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Ctr Aerosol & Cloud Chem, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. RP Middlebrook, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,R-CSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Ann.M.Middlebrook@noaa.gov RI Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; NR 59 TC 158 Z9 162 U1 1 U2 40 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 11 BP 884 EP 898 DI 10.1080/02786820802356797 PG 15 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 353UL UT WOS:000259593900002 ER PT J AU Sanford, TJ Murphy, DM Thomson, DS Fox, RW AF Sanford, Todd J. Murphy, Daniel M. Thomson, David S. Fox, Richard W. TI Albedo measurements and optical sizing of single aerosol particles SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FREQUENCY STABILIZATION; ABSORPTION-MEASUREMENTS; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; CLIMATE; SPECTROMETER; CALIBRATION AB Aerosols play an important role in global climate change by their interactions with incoming solar radiation and outgoing longwave radiation from the planetary surface. The climate effects of aerosols depend on their scattering and absorption properties. This article describes the development of an instrument (ASTER: Aerosol Scattering To Extinction Ratio) that simultaneously measures the scattering and extinction of single aerosol particles. ASTER uses a high-Q cavity to amplify the extinction signal and innovative optics to collect the scattered light. It can distinguish many partially absorbing particles from a few black ones even if the bulk absorption is the same. Optical sizing and single-scattering albedo measurements were made for laboratory-generated particles with diameters from about 300 nanometers to above one micrometer. Using this prototype instrument, changes in albedo for single particles of 20% or greater were detected by measurement of the scattering and extinction. Optical sizing of the individual particles to within similar to 50 nm was accomplished using the ratio of the forward scattered light to the total scattering. Initial measurements of laboratory air showed a mode of highly absorbing particles. This article reports design and early laboratory tests on ASTER. C1 [Sanford, Todd J.; Murphy, Daniel M.; Thomson, David S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Sanford, Todd J.; Thomson, David S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fox, Richard W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Sanford, TJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway CSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM todd.j.sanford@noaa.gov RI Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; NR 35 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 11 BP 958 EP 969 DI 10.1080/02786820802363827 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 353UL UT WOS:000259593900007 ER PT J AU Cappa, CD Lack, DA Burkholder, JB Ravishankara, AR AF Cappa, Christopher D. Lack, Daniel A. Burkholder, James B. Ravishankara, A. R. TI Bias in filter-based aerosol light absorption measurements due to organic aerosol loading: Evidence from laboratory measurements SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PULSED CAVITY RING; OPTICAL EXTINCTION; CALIBRATION; INSTRUMENT; PARTICLES; SPECTROSCOPY; SPECTROMETER AB Light absorption by soot or nigrosin dye aerosol particles were measured in the laboratory using a particle soot absorption photometer (PSAP) and a photo-acoustic spectrometer (PAS) to assess the influence of non-absorbing organic aerosol (OA) on the PSAP measurements. For the PSAP, particle light absorption is measured after collection on a filter, whereas for the PAS light absorption is measured while the particles remain suspended in the gas phase. OA was generated from the reaction of alpha-pinene with ozone. It was observed that the presence of this OA in an external mixture of absorbing aerosol and OA can cause an increase in the light absorption measured by the PSAP, relative to that measured by the PAS, by more than a factor of two. This enhancement in the PSAP absorption was found to increase as the amount of OA increased relative to the absorbing compound. Additionally, experiments where absorbing aerosol was deposited on a PSAP filter prior to addition of OA demonstrated that the non-absorbing OA can actually appear as if it were absorbing, with measured single scattering albedo values as low as 0.92. These results indicate that filter-based measurement techniques may significantly overestimate light absorption by aerosols in the atmosphere under conditions where the organic loading is large, with consequent implications for understanding and calculating the Earth's radiation budget. These laboratory experiments aid in the interpretation of results from a recent field study, discussed in a companion article (Lack et al. 2008). C1 [Cappa, Christopher D.; Lack, Daniel A.; Burkholder, James B.; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Cappa, Christopher D.; Lack, Daniel A.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ravishankara, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cappa, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cdcappa@ucdavis.edu RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 FU NOAA Climate Program FX This work was funded by the NOAA Climate Program. The authors thank Chuck Brock, Ned Lovejoy, Patricia Quinn, Tim Bates, Dave Covert, John Ogren, and Pat Sheridan for useful discussions. NR 26 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 26 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1022 EP 1032 DI 10.1080/02786820802389285 PG 11 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 354MR UT WOS:000259644200005 ER PT J AU Lack, DA Cappa, CD Covert, DS Baynard, T Massoli, P Sierau, B Bates, TS Quinn, PK Lovejoy, ER Ravishankara, AR AF Lack, Daniel A. Cappa, Christopher D. Covert, David S. Baynard, Tahllee Massoli, Paola Sierau, Berko Bates, Timothy S. Quinn, Patricia K. Lovejoy, Edward R. Ravishankara, A. R. TI Bias in filter-based aerosol light absorption measurements due to organic aerosol loading: Evidence from ambient measurements SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOOT PARTICLES; CALIBRATION; INSTRUMENT; SPECTROMETER; UNCERTAINTY; AETHALOMETER; NEPHELOMETER; COEFFICIENT; VAPOR AB During the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study/Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (TexAQS/GoMACCS 2006) a filter-based (Particle Soot Absorption Photometer, or PSAP) and a photoacoustic-based aerosol light absorption technique were deployed and here the data are compared. The level of agreement between the two techniques with ambient aerosol depended on the abundance of organic aerosol (OA), with the ratio of OA to light absorbing carbon (LAC) mass (ROA-LAC) of particular importance. When OA mass concentration was low the agreement between the methods was within instrumental uncertainties (PSAP measuring 12% higher), however at high (ROA-LAC) (similar to 15-20) the difference in agreement was between 50 and 80%. This difference is similar to the bias observed in the laboratory studies of a companion paper using non-absorbing OA and LAC (Cappa et al. 2008a). It was found that most of the OA was oxidized and non-absorbing in nature. We postulate that the observed differences results from a bias in the filter-based measurements due to (a) the redistribution of liquid-like organic particulate matter (PM) around the fiber filters thereby modifying the filter surface and subsequent light scattering, and (b) the possible coating and absorption enhancement of pre-existing absorbing PM (i.e., soot) as OA deposition and redistribution occurs. We stop short or recommending a universal correction using these findings due to the magnitude of the bias showing some dependence on air mass type. Any use of this data for a correction must consider the uncertainties in measuring OA mass concentrations, LAC mass concentrations and type of OA present. The observed PSAP bias may have a significant impact on the accuracy of aerosol single scatter albedo (SSA) and LAC mass concentrations derived from filter-based aerosol absorption methods from regions impacted by large amounts of OA. Although this study was performed using the PSAP we caution users of other filter-based instrumentation to the possibility of a similar bias in those instruments. C1 [Lack, Daniel A.; Cappa, Christopher D.; Baynard, Tahllee; Massoli, Paola; Lovejoy, Edward R.; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lack, Daniel A.; Cappa, Christopher D.; Baynard, Tahllee; Massoli, Paola] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Covert, David S.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bates, Timothy S.; Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lack, DA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.lack@noaa.gov RI Lack, Daniel/I-9053-2012; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; FU NOAA program FX This work was funded by the NOAA program for climate change. The authors thank Chuck Brock, Dan Murphy, John Ogren, and Pat Sheridan for useful discussions. NR 38 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 2 U2 35 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 EI 1521-7388 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1033 EP 1041 DI 10.1080/02786820802389277 PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 354MR UT WOS:000259644200006 ER PT J AU Fletcher, R Briggs, N Ferguson, E Gillen, G AF Fletcher, Robert Briggs, Nathanael Ferguson, Erin Gillen, Greg TI Measurements of air jet removal efficiencies of spherical particles from cloth and planar surfaces SO AEROSOL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FINE PARTICLES; ENTRAINMENT; ADHESION; EXPLOSIVES AB Experiments were conducted to determine particle removal efficiencies from surfaces due to air jet impingement. We utilize monodisperse fluorescent polymer spheres ranging from 1 mu m to 45 mu m diameter distributed on polycarbonate surfaces and muslin cloth. Particle removal efficiencies are determined from cloth that simulates clothing or fabrics, surfaces important for trace explosives detection. Optical images of the sample surface are taken using a fluorescence microscope (488 nm radiation) before and after being challenged by a pulsed air or nitrogen jet. The jet is oriented at 45 degrees with respect to the particle laden substrate and is precisely aligned onto the center of the optical axis of the microscope. Particle removal rates are determined by automated particle counting implemented by image processing and analysis. We found that the cloth surface has a release rate comparable to the rate for polycarbonate surface under similar jet conditions. As expected, there is a particle size dependence on removal efficiency, with larger particles being more easily removed. C1 [Fletcher, Robert; Briggs, Nathanael; Gillen, Greg] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ferguson, Erin] Clemson Univ, Dept Chem, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. RP Fletcher, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.fletcher@nist.gov NR 17 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0278-6826 J9 AEROSOL SCI TECH JI Aerosol Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 12 BP 1052 EP 1061 DI 10.1080/02786820802402237 PG 10 WC Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 354MR UT WOS:000259644200008 ER PT S AU Davidson, P Schere, K Draxler, R Kondragunta, S Wayland, RA Meagher, JF Mathur, R AF Davidson, Paula Schere, Kenneth Draxler, Roland Kondragunta, Shobha Wayland, Richard A. Meagher, James F. Mathur, Rohit BE Borrego, C Miranda, AI TI Toward a US national air quality forecast capability: Current and planned capabilities SO AIR POLLUTION MODELING AND ITS APPLICATION XIX SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 29th NATO/CCMS International Technical Meeting on Air Pollution Modeling and Its Applications CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Aveiro, PORTUGAL SP NATO, CCMS, Univ Aveiro DE air quality forecasts; O-3 forecasts; smoke forecasts; PM2.5 prediction ID CMAQ MODELING SYSTEM; OZONE AB In partnership with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has deployed the initial stages of a national air quality forecast capability into the National Weather Service operational suite. Current capabilities provide next-day, hour-by-hour, 12-km for the Eastern U.S. and km resolution predictions of (1) ground-level ozone (O-3) (2) smoke for the lower 48 states. These are generated twice daily by NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Prediction with linked weather and air quality models: the NOAA-EPA Community Multiscale Air Quality model driven by NOAA's operational North American mesoscale weather prediction model. Forecast accuracy is verified with O-3 observations compiled by EPA and with satellite-derived smoke observations. Future operational capabilities for nationwide O-3 forecasts are targetted within three years, to be followed by quantitative particulate matter forecasts, and extended forecast periods. Expansion will proceed as rapidly as resources and achievement of required test accuracy permit. C1 [Davidson, Paula] NOAA, NWS, 1325 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mathur, Rohit] US EPA, Atomospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Davidson, P (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, 1325 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM paula.davidson@noaa.gov; mathur.rohit@epa.gov RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 NR 16 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-1-4020-8452-2; 978-1-4020-8451-5 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2008 BP 226 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-8453-9_25 PG 4 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BIB21 UT WOS:000258072800025 ER PT S AU Rhoderick, GC AF Rhoderick, G. C. BE Brebbia, CA Longhurst, JWS TI NIST gas standards containing volatile organic compounds in support of ambient air pollution measurements SO AIR POLLUTION XVI SE WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Modelling, Monitoring and Management of Air Pollution CY SEP, 2008 CL Wessex Inst Technol, Skiathos, GREECE SP WIT Transact Ecol & Environ HO Wessex Inst Technol DE standard reference material (SRM); reference material (RM); volatile organic compounds (VOCs); non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC); primary standard mixtures (PSMs); air pollution measurements ID 5 NMOL/MOL; NITROGEN AB Since the late 1970s the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA, has been developing and supplying reference materials (RMs) in support of gas measurements for measuring ambient air pollution. These RMs have been developed for federal and state governments in the United States (US), such as the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the State of California Air Resources Board (CARB), as well as academia, research laboratories such as the National Center for Atmospheric Research (CARB), and other laboratories around the world. Many of these volatile organic compounds (VOCs) pose health concerns and are monitored at ground level to assist U.S. government agencies in assessing the need for emission studies and controls. Ozone is also a ground level pollutant of great concern. Hydrocarbons are ozone precursors and are measured to track, in particular, automobile emissions. RMs are split into two groups containing either multicomponent mixtures of VOCs or non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs). Typically these RMs are produced at the 0.02-10 nmol/mol (ppb) level. The research into the preparation and stability of such chemical compounds contained in gas mixtures has led to the development of two Standard Reference Materials (SRMs); a 30-component VOC (SRM 1804) and 18-component NMHC (SRM 1800) at 5 nmol/mol per component. NIST has participated in international comparisons with other National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) through bilaterals and CCQM key and pilot comparisons for many of these VOCs and NMHCs. Results of these comparisons have shown equivalency among these NMIs, helping to underpin their measurement and standards claims. Development of these SRMs and RMs, as well as the international comparisons will be discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rhoderick, GC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WIT PRESS/COMPUTATIONAL MECHANICS PUBLICATIONS PI SOUTHAMPTON PA ASHURST LODGE, ASHURST, SOUTHAMPTON SO40 7AA, ENGLAND SN 1743-3541 BN 978-1-84564-127-6 J9 WIT TRANS ECOL ENVIR PY 2008 VL 116 BP 357 EP 365 DI 10.2495/AIR080361 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Mathematics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJD87 UT WOS:000265065800036 ER PT S AU Anderson, GP Schaaf, CB Loukachine, K Stone, RS Andrews, E Shettle, EP Dutton, EG Roman, MO Stohl, A Berk, A AF Anderson, G. P. Schaaf, C. B. Loukachine, K. Stone, R. S. Andrews, E. Shettle, E. P. Dutton, E. G. Roman, M. O., III Stohl, A. Berk, A. BE Shen, SS Lewis, PE TI Assessing the radiative impact of aerosol smoke using MODTRAN (TM) 5 SO ALGORITHMS AND TECHNOLOGIES FOR MULTISPECTRAL, HYPERSPECTRAL, AND ULTRASPECTRAL IMAGERY XIV SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Algorithms and Technologies for Multispectral, Hyperspectral, and Ultraspectral Imagery XIII CY MAR 17-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE MODTRAN (TM); remote sensing; hyperspectral; imaging; band model; infrared; radiative transfer; molecular transmittance; radiative forcing; OSR; CERES; MODIS ID MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; ATMOSPHERE; MODEL; TOP; SATELLITE; ALGORITHM; PRODUCTS; SURFACE; CLOUDS AB Aerosols in the atmosphere affect the Earth's radiation budget in complicated ways, depending on their physical and optical characteristics and how they interact with solar and terrestrial radiation or affect cloud nucleation. While the Arctic atmosphere is generally very clean, spring incursions of haze and dust from Eurasia are known to perturb the surface radiation balance. Recent analyses (based on "Radiative impact of boreal smoke in the Arctic: Observed and modeled", Stone, et al.(1), to be referred to throughout this ms as Stone2008) also reveal that smoke plumes from boreal forest fires can have significant effects during summer. Once aloft, upper-level winds can transport this smoke long distances. In late June and July 2004 fires raged across eastern Alaska and the Yukon and the resulting smoke was advected across the Arctic, reaching as far as Europe. The long-range transport was tracked using a dispersion model(2) combined with various in situ measurements along its path, all showing enhancements in aerosol opacity. The measurements made at Barrow, Alaska, documented just a portion of the transport and the radiative impact of smoke. The comprehensive measuring systems in place near Barrow (NOAA/GMD(3) and DoE/ARM(4)) presented a unique opportunity to characterize the smoke aerosol both physically and optically, and therefore permit quantification of the upwelling radiance (outgoing shortwave radiance - OSR, 0.28 to 4.0 mu m) as observed by NASA satellites: Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)(5), coupled with data from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)(6,7,8). C1 [Anderson, G. P.; Stone, R. S.; Andrews, E.; Dutton, E. G.] NOAA ESRL Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Anderson, GP (reprint author), AFRL Space Vehicles Directorate VS, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gail.anderson@noaa.gov RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Roman, Miguel/D-4764-2012 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Roman, Miguel/0000-0003-3953-319X NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7157-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6966 AR 696617 DI 10.1117/12.782364 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Optics SC Remote Sensing; Optics GA BHZ01 UT WOS:000257540900030 ER PT J AU Maki, J Robinson, K Reguly, B Alexander, J Wittock, R Aguirre, A Diamandis, EP Escott, N Skehan, A Prowse, O Thayer, RE Froberg, MK Wilson, MJ Maragh, S Jakupciak, JP Wagner, PD Srivastava, S Dakubo, GD Parr, RL AF Maki, Jennifer Robinson, Kerry Reguly, Brian Alexander, Jude Wittock, Roy Aguirre, Andrea Diamandis, Eleftherios P. Escott, Nicholas Skehan, Anthony Prowse, Owen Thayer, Robert E. Froberg, M. Kent Wilson, Michael J. Maragh, Samantha Jakupciak, John P. Wagner, Paul D. Srivastava, Sudhir Dakubo, Gabriel D. Parr, Ryan L. TI Mitochondrial genome deletion aids in the identification of false- and true-negative prostate needle core biopsy specimens SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PATHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE mtDNA deletion; prostate biopsy; false-negative biopsy result; sensitivity; specificity; field cancerization ID DNA; CANCER; APOPTOSIS; MUTATIONS; ADJACENT AB We report the usefulness of a 3.4-kb mitochondrial genome deletion (3.4mt Delta) for molecular definition of benign, malignant, and proximal to malignant (PTM) prostate needle biopsy specimens. The 3.4mt Delta was identified through long-extension polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of frozen prostate cancer samples. A quantitative PCR assay was developed to measure the levels of the 3.4mt Delta in clinical samples. For normalization, amplifications of a nuclear target and total mitochondrial DNA were included. Cycle threshold data from these targets were used to calculate a score for each biopsy sample. In a pilot study of 38 benign, 29 malignant, and 41 PTM biopsy specimens, the difference between benign and malignant core biopsy specimens was well differentiated (P <. 0001), with PTM indistinguishable from malignant samples (P =.833). Results of a larger study were identical. In comparison with histopathologic examination for benign and malignant samples, the sensitivity and specificity were 80% and 71%, respectively, and the area under a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was 0.83 for the deletion. In a blinded external validation study, the sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 79%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.87. The 3.4mt Delta may be useful in defining malignant, benign, and PTM prostate tissues. C1 [Maki, Jennifer; Robinson, Kerry; Reguly, Brian; Alexander, Jude; Wittock, Roy; Aguirre, Andrea; Thayer, Robert E.; Dakubo, Gabriel D.; Parr, Ryan L.] Genesis Genom, Thunder Bay, ON P7A 7T1, Canada. [Diamandis, Eleftherios P.] Mt Sinai Hosp, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Toronto, ON M5G 1X5, Canada. [Escott, Nicholas] Thunder Bay Reg Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Pathol, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada. [Skehan, Anthony; Prowse, Owen] Thunder Bay Reg Hlth Sci Ctr, Dept Urol, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada. [Froberg, M. Kent] Univ Minnesota, Dept Pathol & Lab Med, Duluth, MN 55812 USA. [Wilson, Michael J.] VA Med Ctr Res Serv, Dept Lab Med, Minneapolis, MN USA. [Maragh, Samantha] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jakupciak, John P.] Cipher Syst, Crofton, MD USA. [Wagner, Paul D.; Srivastava, Sudhir] Natl Canc Inst, Div Canc Prevent, Rockville, MD USA. RP Parr, RL (reprint author), Genesis Genom, 1000-290 Munro St, Thunder Bay, ON P7A 7T1, Canada. OI Diamandis, Eleftherios/0000-0002-1589-820X NR 18 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL PATHOLOGY PI CHICAGO PA 2100 W HARRISON ST, CHICAGO, IL 60612 USA SN 0002-9173 J9 AM J CLIN PATHOL JI Am. J. Clin. Pathol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 129 IS 1 BP 57 EP 66 DI 10.1309/UJJTH4HFEPWAQ78Q PG 10 WC Pathology SC Pathology GA 243VF UT WOS:000251824700005 PM 18089489 ER PT J AU Volk, CJ Kiffney, PM Edmonds, RL AF Volk, Carol J. Kiffney, Peter M. Edmonds, Robert L. TI Nutrient limitation in red alder (Alnus rubra) and conifer forested streams of Western Washington state, USA SO AMERICAN MIDLAND NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID BOTTOM-UP CONTROL; HEADWATER STREAMS; DIATOM ASSEMBLAGES; ALGAL COMMUNITIES; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; TOP-DOWN; PERIPHYTON; NITROGEN; BIOMASS; METAANALYSIS AB The extent. and type of vegetation within watersheds are critical factors influencing stream water chemistry, specifically nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations. As stream productivity can be limited by nutrient supply, nutrient subsidies from red alder, a nitrogen fixing species prevalent in the Pacific Northwest of North America and other temperate climates, may influence the degree of nutrient limitation in streams. Our study was designed to determine the extent that algae are nutrient limited in three red alder and three coniferous forested second and third-order streams on the Olympic Peninsula, Washington, U.S.A. Nutrient diffusing substrates were used in each stream to test whether nitrogen and phosphorus additions at three concentrations (0.05 M, 0.1 M and 0.5 M) increased chlorophyll a concentrations compared to non-nutrient infused substrates. With the addition of nitrogen or phosphorus, three of six streams (two conifer and one alder stream) had significantly higher chlorophyll a concentrations relative to controls. Within each stream, we saw no difference in chlorophyll a concentrations between nutrient type (nitrogen or phosphorus) or concentration (0.05 M, 0.10 M or 0.50 M). Treatments increased chlorophyll a concentrations in alder streams to twice that of conifer streams. We speculate that other factors, such as algae community composition, contributed to differing algae production in alder and conifer streams in response to nutrient supplements. C1 [Volk, Carol J.] Volk Consulting, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA. [Kiffney, Peter M.] NOAA Fisheries, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. [Edmonds, Robert L.] Univ Washington, Coll Forest Resources, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Volk, CJ (reprint author), Volk Consulting, POB 1643, Issaquah, WA 98027 USA. EM Carol.Volk@noaa.gov; Peter.Kiffney@noaa.gov; bobe@u.washington.edu RI Volk, Carol/I-2824-2012 NR 31 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER MIDLAND NATURALIST PI NOTRE DAME PA UNIV NOTRE DAME, BOX 369, ROOM 295 GLSC, NOTRE DAME, IN 46556 USA SN 0003-0031 J9 AM MIDL NAT JI Am. Midl. Nat. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 159 IS 1 BP 190 EP 199 DI 10.1674/0003-0031(2008)159[190:NLIRAA]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 257FF UT WOS:000252783900016 ER PT J AU Lema, S AF Lema, Sean TI The phenotypic plasticity of death valley's pupfish SO AMERICAN SCIENTIST LA English DT Article ID CYPRINODON-NEVADENSIS; AVT SYSTEM; POPULATIONS; DIVERGENCE; DEVILS AB Phenotypic flexibility in organisms is being provided as a reason for any organism's survival in a particular climate. Organism development varies with the environment for modify behavior and shape of the particular organism, as is demonstrated by the desert pupfish. This kind of flexibility is termed phenotypic plasticity. Pupfish behavior is dependent on its present social and physical conditions and habitat, while evidence is also proving that plasticity itself has a genetic basis. C1 Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Dept Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. Univ Calif Davis, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. NOAA, Seattle, WA USA. Univ N Carolina, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. RP Lema, S (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Dept Biol, Wilmington, NC 28401 USA. EM lemas@uncw.edu NR 19 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 13 PU SIGMA XI-SCI RES SOC PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA PO BOX 13975, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709 USA SN 0003-0996 J9 AM SCI JI Am. Scientist PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 96 IS 1 BP 28 EP 36 DI 10.1511/2008.69.3668 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 238SE UT WOS:000251467100023 ER PT S AU Currie, LA AF Currie, L. A. BE Povinec, PP TI Detection and quantification capabilities in nuclear analytical measurements SO ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIONUCLIDES SE Radioactivity in the Environment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DETECTION LIMITS; IUPAC RECOMMENDATIONS; COUNTING SYSTEM; GAS NUCLIDES; LEVEL; NOMENCLATURE; CALIBRATION; KR-85; C-14; SAMPLES C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. RP Currie, LA (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. EM Lloyd.Currie@nist.gov NR 106 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1569-4860 BN 978-0-08-055337-5; 978-0-08-044988-3 J9 RADIOACTIV ENVIRONM PY 2008 VL 11 BP 49 EP 135 DI 10.1016/S1569-4860(07)11003-2 PG 87 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BEH11 UT WOS:000316552900004 ER PT J AU Saupe, SG Sharpless, KE AF Saupe, Stephen G. Sharpless, Katherine E. TI Solution to "Doctrine of Signatures" challenge SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Saupe, Stephen G.] St Benidect Coll, Dept Biol, St Joseph, MN 56374 USA. [Sharpless, Katherine E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Saupe, SG (reprint author), St Benidect Coll, Dept Biol, St Joseph, MN 56374 USA. EM ssaupe@csbsju.edu; katherine.sharpless@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 390 IS 1 BP 79 EP 83 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1743-8 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 244BT UT WOS:000251841700012 PM 18074123 ER PT J AU Goenaga-Infante, H Sturgeon, R Turner, J Hearn, R Sargent, M Maxwell, P Yang, L Barzev, A Pedrero, Z Camara, C Huerta, VD Sanchez, MLF Sanz-Medel, A Emese, K Fodor, P Wolf, W Goldschmidt, R Vacchina, V Szpunar, J Valiente, L Huertas, R Labarraque, G Davis, C Zeisler, R Turk, G Rizzio, E Mackay, LG Myors, RB Saxby, DL Askew, S Chao, W Jun, W AF Goenaga-Infante, H. Sturgeon, R. Turner, J. Hearn, R. Sargent, M. Maxwell, P. Yang, L. Barzev, A. Pedrero, Z. Camara, C. Diaz Huerta, V. Fernandez Sanchez, M. L. Sanz-Medel, A. Emese, K. Fodor, P. Wolf, W. Goldschmidt, R. Vacchina, V. Szpunar, J. Valiente, L. Huertas, R. Labarraque, G. Davis, C. Zeisler, R. Turk, G. Rizzio, E. Mackay, L. G. Myors, R. B. Saxby, D. L. Askew, S. Chao, W. Jun, W. TI Total selenium and selenomethionine in pharmaceutical yeast tablets: assessment of the state of the art of measurement capabilities through international intercomparison CCQM-P86 SO ANALYTICAL AND BIOANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE pilot study CCQM-P86; pharmaceutical tablets; selenised-yeast supplements; selenomethionine; total selenium; isotope dilution mass spectrometry ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY; ICP-MS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; SPECIATION ANALYSIS; IDENTIFICATION; METHIONINE; STABILITY; SUPPLEMENTS; PROTEINS; HPLC AB Results of an international intercomparison study (CCQM-P86) to assess the analytical capabilities of national metrology institutes (NMIs) and selected expert laboratories worldwide to accurately quantitate the mass fraction of selenomethionine (SeMet) and total Se in pharmaceutical tablets of selenised-yeast supplements (produced by Pharma Nord, Denmark) are presented. The study, jointly coordinated by LGC Ltd., UK, and the Institute for National Measurement Standards, National Research Council of Canada (NRCC), was conducted under the auspices of the Comite Consultatif pour la Quantite de Matiere (CCQM) Inorganic Analysis Working Group and involved 15 laboratories (from 12 countries), of which ten were NMIs. Apart from a protocol for determination of moisture content and the provision of the certified reference material (CRM) SELM-1 to be used as the quality control sample, no sample preparation/extraction method was prescribed. A variety of approaches was thus used, including single-step and multiple-step enzymatic hydrolysis, enzymatic probe sonication and hydrolysis with methanesulfonic acid for SeMet, as well as microwave-assisted acid digestion and enzymatic probe sonication for total Se. For total Se, detection techniques included inductively coupled plasma (ICP) mass spectrometry (MS) with external calibration, standard additions or isotope dilution MS (IDMS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry , flame atomic absorption spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis. For determination of SeMet in the tablets, five NMIs and three academic/institute laboratories (of a total of five) relied upon measurements using IDMS. For species-specific IDMS measurements, an isotopically enriched standard of SeMet (Se-76-enriched SeMet) was made available. A novel aspect of this study relies on the approach used to distinguish any errors which arise during analysis of a SeMet calibration solution from those which occur during analysis of the matrix. To help those participants undertaking SeMet analysis to do this, a blind sample in the form of a standard solution of natural abundance SeMet in 0.1 M HCl (with an expected value of 956 mg kg(-1) SeMet) was provided. Both high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-ICP-MS or gas chromatography (GC)-ICP-MS and GC-MS techniques were used for quantitation of SeMet. Several advances in analytical methods for determination of SeMet were identified, including the combined use of double IDMS with HPLC-ICP-MS following extraction with methanesulfonic acid and simplified two-step enzymatic hydrolysis with protease/lipase/driselase followed by HPLC-ICP-IDMS, both using a species-specific IDMS approach. Overall, satisfactory agreement amongst participants was achieved; results averaged 337.6 mg kg(-1) (n=13, with a standard deviation of 9.7 mg kg(-1)) and 561.5 mg kg(-1)(n=11, with a standard deviation of 44.3 mg kg(-1)) with median values of 337.6 and 575.0 mg kg(-1) for total Se and SeMet, respectively. Recovery of SeMet from SELM-1 averaged 95.0% (n=9). The ability of NMIs and expert laboratories worldwide to deliver accurate results for total Se and SeMet in such materials (selensied-yeast tablets containing approximately 300 mg kg(-1) Se) with 10% expanded uncertainty was demonstrated. The problems addressed in achieving accurate quantitation of SeMet in this product are representative of those encountered with a wide range of organometallic species in a number of common matrices. C1 [Goenaga-Infante, H.; Turner, J.; Hearn, R.; Sargent, M.] LGC Ltd, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. [Sturgeon, R.; Maxwell, P.; Yang, L.] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Natl Measurement Stand, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Barzev, A.] CSIR, Natl Metrol Lab, ZA-0001 Pretoria, South Africa. [Pedrero, Z.; Camara, C.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Fac Chem, Dept Analyt Chem, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Diaz Huerta, V.; Fernandez Sanchez, M. L.; Sanz-Medel, A.] Univ Oviedo, Dept Phys & Analyt Chem, E-33006 Oviedo, Spain. [Emese, K.; Fodor, P.] Cornivus Univ Budapest, Dept Appl Chem, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary. [Wolf, W.; Goldschmidt, R.] USDA, Food Composit Lab, BHNRC, ARS, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Vacchina, V.; Szpunar, J.] CNRS, Grp Bioinorgan Analyt Chem, UMR 5034, F-64053 Pau, France. [Valiente, L.] Inst Nacl Tecnol Ind, RA-1650 San Martin, Buenos Aires, Argentina. [Huertas, R.] Lab Tecnol Uruguay, Montevideo 11500, Uruguay. [Labarraque, G.] Lab Natl Essais, F-75724 Paris 15, France. [Davis, C.; Zeisler, R.; Turk, G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rizzio, E.] Univ Pavia, Dept Gen Chem, Unit Radiochem & Spect, Natl Inst Metrol Res, I-27100 Pavia, Italy. [Mackay, L. G.; Myors, R. B.; Saxby, D. L.; Askew, S.] Natl Measurement Inst, Pymble, NSW 2073, Australia. [Chao, W.; Jun, W.] Natl Inst Metrol PR China, Beijing 100013, Peoples R China. RP Goenaga-Infante, H (reprint author), LGC Ltd, Queens Rd, Teddington TW11 0LY, Middx, England. EM heidi.goenaga-infante@lgc.co.uk RI Fernandez-Sanchez, Maria Luisa/G-2544-2016; Pedrero Zayas, Zoyne/A-6114-2015; OI Maxwell, Paulette/0000-0002-5817-9360; Yang, Lu/0000-0002-4351-2503; Sanz Medel, Alfredo/0000-0003-2899-1347; Sturgeon, Ralph/0000-0001-7304-3034 NR 28 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 24 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1618-2642 J9 ANAL BIOANAL CHEM JI Anal. Bioanal. Chem. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 390 IS 2 BP 629 EP 642 DI 10.1007/s00216-007-1654-8 PG 14 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 248QW UT WOS:000252170400020 PM 17938894 ER PT J AU Munson, MS Meacham, JM Locascio, LE Ross, D AF Munson, Matthew S. Meacham, J. Mark Locascio, Laurie E. Ross, David TI Counterf low rejection of adsorbing proteins for characterization of biomolecular interactions by temperature gradient focusing SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NONEQUILIBRIUM CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; HUMAN-SERUM-ALBUMIN; TOTAL ANALYSIS SYSTEMS; FREE DRUG FRACTIONS; EQUILIBRIUM MIXTURES; AFFINITY INTERACTIONS; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; SURFACE MODIFICATION; BINDING-SITES; SEPARATION AB A new technique is described for the analysis of small molecules in samples containing serum proteins and for the measurement of the binding of small molecules to serum proteins. The new technique is based on temperature gradient focusing (TGF) and takes advantage of the counterflow used with TGF to exclude serum proteins from the analysis channel while small molecules are focused for detection. The technique is demonstrated for the measurement of the binding constant between a small molecule and serum albumin using both a direct measurement of the free fraction of the small molecule as well as using a competitive binding assay. C1 [Munson, Matthew S.; Meacham, J. Mark; Locascio, Laurie E.; Ross, David] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Munson, MS (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matt.munson@nist.gov NR 55 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 1 BP 172 EP 178 DI 10.1021/ac701900m PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 246SH UT WOS:000252026900029 PM 18044962 ER PT J AU Ge, Z Liu, PC AF Ge, Z. Liu, P. C. TI Long-term wave growth and its linear and nonlinear interactions with wind fluctuations SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE oceanography : physical; air-sea interactions; surface waves and tides ID ENERGY TRANSFER; SEA-FLOOR; GENERATION; SPECTRUM; MODEL AB Following Ge and Liu (2007), the simultaneously recorded time series of wave elevation and wind velocity are examined for long-term (on Lavrenov's tau(4)-scale or 3 to 6 h) linear and nonlinear interactions between the wind fluctuations and the wave field. Over such long times the detected interaction patterns should reveal general characteristics for the wave growth process. The time series are divided into three episodes, each approximately 1.33 h long, to represent three sequential stages of wave growth. The classic Fourier-domain spectral and bispectral analyses are used to identify the linear and quadratic interactions between the waves and the wind fluctuations as well as between different components of the wave field. The results show clearly that as the wave field grows the linear interaction becomes enhanced and covers wider range of frequencies. Two different wave-induced components of the wind fluctuations are identified. These components, one at around 0.4 Hz and the other at around 0.15 to 0.2 Hz, are generated and supported by both linear and quadratic wind-wave interactions probably through the distortions of the waves to the wind field. The fact that the higher-frequency wave-induced component always stays with the equilibrium range of the wave spectrum around 0.4 Hz and the lower-frequency one tends to move with the downshifting of the primary peak of the wave spectrum defines the partition of the primary peak and the equilibrium range of the wave spectrum, a characteristic that could not be revealed by short-time wavelet-based analyses in Ge and Liu (2007). Furthermore, these two wave-induced peaks of the wind spectrum appear to have different patterns of feedback to the wave field. The quadratic wave-wave interactions also are assessed using the auto-bispectrum and are found to be especially active during the first and the third episodes. Such directly detected wind-wave interactions, both linear and nonlinear, may complement the existing theoretical and numerical models, and can be used for future model development and validation. C1 [Ge, Z.] US EPA, NERL, Ecosyst Res Div, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Liu, P. C.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Ge, Z (reprint author), US EPA, NERL, Ecosyst Res Div, 960 Coll Stn Rd, Athens, GA 30605 USA. EM ge.zhongfu@epa.gov NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 4 BP 747 EP 758 PG 12 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 315AH UT WOS:000256849800003 ER PT J AU Liu, PC Chen, HS Doong, DJ Kao, CC Hsu, YJG AF Liu, P. C. Chen, H. S. Doong, D. -J. Kao, C. C. Hsu, Y. -J. G. TI Monstrous ocean waves during typhoon Krosa SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE meteorology and atmospheric dynamics; ocean-atmosphere interactions; waves and tides; oceanography : physical; surface waves and tides AB This paper presents a set of ocean wave time series data recorded from a discus buoy deployed near northeast Taiwan in western Pacific that was operating during the passage of Typhoon Krosa on 6 October 2007. The maximum trough-to-crest wave height was measured to be 32.3 m, which could be the largest H(max) ever recorded. C1 [Liu, P. C.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Chen, H. S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Doong, D. -J.] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Chilung, Taiwan. [Kao, C. C.] Natl Cheng Kung Univ, Tainan 70101, Taiwan. [Hsu, Y. -J. G.] Cent Weather Bur, Marine Meteorol Ctr, Taipei, Taiwan. RP Liu, PC (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM paul.c.liu@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 4 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 6 BP 1327 EP 1329 PG 3 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 311IN UT WOS:000256594000001 ER PT J AU Tyssoy, HN Heinrich, D Stadsnes, J Sorbo, M Hoppe, UP Evans, DS Williams, BP Honary, F AF Tyssoy, H. Nesse Heinrich, D. Stadsnes, J. Sorbo, M. Hoppe, U. -P. Evans, D. S. Williams, B. P. Honary, F. TI Upper-mesospheric temperatures measured during intense substorms in the declining phase of the January 2005 solar proton events SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE atmospheric composition and structure; pressure, density, and temperature; ionosphere; ionosphere-atmosphere interactions; particle precipitation ID 3-DIMENSIONAL MODEL SIMULATIONS; CAP ABSORPTION EVENTS; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; MESOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; LOWER THERMOSPHERE; AURORAL-ZONE; IONIZATION; JOULE; LIDAR; PRECIPITATION AB Temperature measurements from the ALOMAR Weber Na lidar together with cosmic radio noise absorption measurements from IRIS and particle measurements from NOAA 15, 16 and 17 are used to study effects of geomagnetic activity on the polar winter upper-mesospheric temperature. On 21-22 January 2005 we have 14 h of continuous temperature measurement with the Na lidar coinciding with strong geomagnetic activity in the declining phase of one of the hardest and most energetic Solar Proton Event (SPE) of solar cycle 23. According to measurements by the imaging riometer IRIS in northern Finland, the temperature measurements coincide with two periods of increased cosmic radio noise absorption. Particle measurements from the three satellites, NOAA 15, 16 and 17 that pass through and near our region of interest confirm that the absorption events are probably due to particle precipitation and not due to changes in e.g. the electron recombination coefficient. The measured temperature variation at 85 and 90 km is dominated by a 7.6-h wave with downward phase propagation and a vertical wavelength of approximately 10 km. Assuming that the wave is due to a lower altitude source independent of the particle precipitation, we do not find any temperature modification that seems to be related to the absorption events. The average temperature is larger than expected above 90 km based on MSIS and the monthly mean from falling spheres, which could be due to particle precipitation and Joule heating prior to our measurement period. There is also a possibility that the identified wave phenomenon is an effect of the geomagnetic activity itself. Earlier studies have reported of similar wavelike structures in wind observations made by the EISCAT VHF radar during SPEs, and found it conceivable that the wave could be excited by the effect of energetic particles precipitating into the mesosphere. C1 [Tyssoy, H. Nesse; Heinrich, D.; Hoppe, U. -P.] Norwegian Def Res Estab, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. [Tyssoy, H. Nesse; Stadsnes, J.; Sorbo, M.] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Evans, D. S.] NOAA, Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Williams, B. P.] NW Res Associates Inc, Colorado Res Associates Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Honary, F.] Univ Lancaster, Lancaster, England. RP Tyssoy, HN (reprint author), Norwegian Def Res Estab, N-2007 Kjeller, Norway. EM hilde.nesse@ift.uib.no FU Research Council of Norway [165573, 170855]; AFSOR [F4962003-C-0045, FA9550-06-C-0129]; NSF [ATM-0545262, ATM-0436703] FX The ALOMAR Weber Na lidar is a cooperative effort of Colorado State University, NorthWest Research Associates/Colorado Research Associates Division ( NWRA/CoRA), the Norwegian Defence Research Establishment (FFI), the Leibniz-Institute of Atmospheric Physics, and Andoya Rocket Range. This research was supported by The Research Council of Norway projects 165573 and 170855, by AFSOR under contracts F4962003-C-0045 and FA9550-06-C-0129, and by the NSF under grants ATM-0545262 and ATM-0436703. NR 45 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 9 BP 2515 EP 2529 PG 15 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 355IO UT WOS:000259702800002 ER PT J AU Ballinger, AP Chilson, PB Palmer, RD Mitchell, NJ AF Ballinger, A. P. Chilson, P. B. Palmer, R. D. Mitchell, N. J. TI On the validity of the ambipolar diffusion assumption in the polar mesopause region SO ANNALES GEOPHYSICAE LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric composition and structure; Pressure, density, and temperature; Instruments and techniques ID METEOR TRAIL EXPANSION; NEUTRAL TURBULENCE; RADAR; DECAY; DIFFUSIVITIES; ECHOES AB The decay of underdense meteor trails in the polar mesopause region is thought to be predominantly due to ambipolar diffusion, a process governed by the ambient temperature and pressure. Hence, observations of meteor decay times have been used to indirectly measure the temperature of the mesopause region. Using meteor observations from a SKiYMET radar in northern Sweden during 2005, this study found that weaker meteor trails have shorter decay times (on average) than relatively stronger trails. This suggests that processes other than ambipolar diffusion can play a signicant role in trail diffusion. One particular mechanism, namely electron-ion recombination, is explored. This process is dependent on the initial electron density within the meteor trail, and can lead to a disproportionate reduction in decay time, depending on the strength of the meteor. C1 [Ballinger, A. P.] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Chilson, P. B.; Palmer, R. D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Chilson, P. B.; Palmer, R. D.] Univ Oklahoma, Atmospher Radar Res Ctr, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Mitchell, N. J.] Univ Bath, Dept Elect & Elect Engn, Bath BA2 7AY, Avon, England. RP Ballinger, AP (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM aballing@princeton.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0532707]; Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF); Swedish Space Corporation - Esrange FX This research has been funded in part by the National Science Foundation, through a CEDAR grant (ATM-0532707). The data used in this research were made available by the Swedish Institute of Space Physics (IRF) and the Swedish Space Corporation - Esrange. Their continued support of this research is appreciated. Helpful comments from Wayne Hocking during the preparation of this paper are also appreciated. NR 18 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 0992-7689 J9 ANN GEOPHYS-GERMANY JI Ann. Geophys. PY 2008 VL 26 IS 11 BP 3439 EP 3443 PG 5 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393XI UT WOS:000262409400020 ER PT J AU Kasianowicz, JJ Robertson, JWF Chan, ER Reiner, JE Stanford, VM AF Kasianowicz, John J. Robertson, Joseph W. F. Chan, Elaine R. Reiner, Joseph E. Stanford, Vincent M. TI Nanoscopic Porous Sensors SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY SE Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE analyte detection; Coulter counter; DNA sequencing; ion channel; nanopore-based sensor; resistive-pulse detection ID SOLID-STATE NANOPORE; SINGLE-STRANDED-DNA; NARROW MEMBRANE CHANNELS; NANOMETER-SCALE PORE; HIDDEN MARKOV-MODELS; PATCH-CLAMP DATA; ION CHANNELS; POLYMER TRANSLOCATION; ALPHA-HEMOLYSIN; PROTEIN PORE AB There are thousands of different nanometer-scale pores in biology, many of which act as sensors for specific chemical agents. Recent work suggests that protein and solid-state nanopores have many potential uses in a wide variety of analytical applications. In this review we survey this field of research and discuss the prospects for advances that could he made in the near future. C1 [Kasianowicz, John J.; Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Chan, Elaine R.; Reiner, Joseph E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stanford, Vincent M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Access Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kasianowicz, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.kasianowicz@nist.gov RI Reiner, Joseph/B-7893-2013; OI Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703 FU Office of Law Enforcement Standards at the National Institute of Standards and Technology FX Supported in part by the Office of Law Enforcement Standards at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 120 TC 156 Z9 156 U1 7 U2 59 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1936-1327 J9 ANNU REV ANAL CHEM JI Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem. PY 2008 VL 1 BP 737 EP 766 DI 10.1146/annurev.anchem.1.031207.112818 PG 30 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 395LI UT WOS:000262525200025 PM 20636096 ER PT J AU Barreiro, M Fedorov, A Pacanowski, R Philander, SG AF Barreiro, Marcelo Fedorov, Alexey Pacanowski, Ronald Philander, S. George TI Abrupt climate changes: How freshening of the northern Atlantic affects the thermohaline and wind-driven oceanic circulations SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCES SE Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE ocean general circulation; ocean thermal structure; extratropical-tropical connections; heat transport; paleoclimates ID THERMAL STRUCTURE; GLACIAL CLIMATE; SIMULATION; SALINITY; MODELS; SEA; VARIABILITY; GREENLAND; DECADES AB Leading hypotheses for abrupt climate changes are focused on the ocean response to a freshening of surface waters in the north Atlantic. The degree to which such a freshening affects the deep, slow thermohaline, rather than the shallow, swift, wind-driven circulations of the ocean, and hence the degree to which that freshening affects climate in high rather than low latitudes, differ from model to model, depending on factors such as the treatment of diffusive processes in the oceans. Many comprehensive climate models are biased and confine the influence mainly to the thermohaline circulation and northern climates. Simulations of paleoclimates can provide valuable tests for the models, but only some of those climates provide sufficiently stringent tests to determine which models are realistic. C1 [Barreiro, Marcelo; Philander, S. George] Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Fedorov, Alexey] Yale Univ, Dept Geol & Geophys, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Pacanowski, Ronald] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Barreiro, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Geosci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM barreiro@fisica.edu.uy; alexey.fedorov@yale.edu; Ronald.Pacanowski@noaa.gov; gphlder@princeton.edu RI fedorov, alexey/F-1879-2010 NR 50 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 2 U2 65 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 0084-6597 J9 ANNU REV EARTH PL SC JI Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. PY 2008 VL 36 BP 33 EP 58 DI 10.1146/annurev.earth.36.090507.143219 PG 26 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geology GA 308LO UT WOS:000256391900003 ER PT J AU Donner, LJ Large, WG AF Donner, Leo J. Large, William G. TI Climate Modeling SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENVIRONMENT AND RESOURCES SE Annual Review of Environment and Resources LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE anthropogenic climate change; dynamical core; Earth-system model; general circulation model; parameterization; radiative forcing ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; RADIATION BUDGET EXPERIMENT; EEMIAN GLACIAL INCEPTION; PART I; SYSTEM MODEL; PARAMETERIZATION; CLOUDS; IMPACT; SCHEME; ICE AB Climate models simulate the atmosphere, given atmospheric composition and energy from the sun, and include explicit modeling of, and exchanges with, the underlying oceans, sea ice, and land. The models are based on physical principles governing momentum, thermodynamics, cloud microphysics, radiative transfer, and turbulence. Climate models are evolving into Earth-systems models, which also include chemical and biological processes and afford the prospect of links to studies of human dimensions of climate change. Although the fundamental principles on which climate models are based are robust, computational limits preclude their numerical solution on scales that include many processes important in the climate system. Despite this limitation, which is often dealt with by parameterization, many aspects of past and present climite have been successfully stimulated using climate models, and climate models are used extensively, to predict future climate change resulting from human activity. C1 [Donner, Leo J.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Large, William G.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Donner, LJ (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM leo.j.donner@noaa.gov; wily@ucar.edu NR 69 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 26 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1543-5938 J9 ANNU REV ENV RESOUR JI Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour. PY 2008 VL 33 BP 1 EP 17 DI 10.1146/annurev.environ.33.020707.160752 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 379EJ UT WOS:000261379200003 ER PT S AU Davies, PK Wu, H Borisevich, AY Molodetsky, IE Farber, L AF Davies, P. K. Wu, H. Borisevich, A. Y. Molodetsky, I. E. Farber, L. TI Crystal chemistry of complex perovskites: New cation-ordered dielectric oxides SO ANNUAL REVIEW OF MATERIALS RESEARCH SE Annual Review of Materials Research LA English DT Review; Book Chapter DE cation ordering; microwave ceramics; niobates; tantalates; titanates ID BA(ZN1/3NB2/3)O-3 MICROWAVE DIELECTRICS; MIXED METAL OXIDES; B-SITE ORDER; CUBIC PEROVSKITES; DIFFRACTION DETERMINATION; POWDER NEUTRON; A-SITE; SYSTEM; PHASES; NONSTOICHIOMETRY AB The crystal chemistry of complex perovskite dielectric oxides is reviewed, with an emphasis on structures derived from ordering of the cations on the octahedral B-sites. New classes of perovskites, designed to exhibit 1:2 or 1:3 B-site order for application as low-dielectric-loss microwave ceramics, are identified, and their synthesis, structure, and properties ire described. Through the use of B-site chemistries based on Li, Nb, Ta, Ti, and W, members of four new families with 1:2 order, A(beta(I)(1/3)beta(II)(2/3))O-3, and three new families with 1:3 order, A(beta(I)(1/4)beta(II)(3/4))O-3, were successfully prepared. The formation and stability of the new and previously prepared ordered perovskites are rationalized through the use of familiar crystal chemical tools Such as cation size and charge difference, bond valence, tolerance factor, and new concepts related to the local charge imbalance on the A- and B-sublattices. These tools can be successfully applied to develop stability field maps for each structure and to predict other new ordered systems. C1 [Davies, P. K.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wu, H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Borisevich, A. Y.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Molodetsky, I. E.] Schlumberger, Princeton Jct, NJ 08550 USA. [Farber, L.] Merck & Co Inc, West Point, PA 19486 USA. RP Davies, PK (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM davies@seas.upenn.edu RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Borisevich, Albina/B-1624-2009 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Borisevich, Albina/0000-0002-3953-8460 NR 96 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 8 U2 94 PU ANNUAL REVIEWS PI PALO ALTO PA 4139 EL CAMINO WAY, PO BOX 10139, PALO ALTO, CA 94303-0139 USA SN 1531-7331 BN 978-0-8243-1738-6 J9 ANNU REV MATER RES JI Ann. Rev. Mater. Res. PY 2008 VL 38 BP 369 EP 401 DI 10.1146/annurev.matsci.37.052506.084356 PG 33 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 336AS UT WOS:000258337300016 ER PT S AU Duong, TH Rivera-Lopez, A Hefner, AR Ortiz-Rodriguez, JM AF Duong, T. H. Rivera-Lopez, A. Hefner, A. R., Jr. Ortiz-Rodriguez, J. M. GP IEEE TI Circuit simulation model for a 100 A, 10 kV half-bridge SIC MOSFET/JBS power module SO APEC 2008: TWENTY-THIRD ANNUAL IEEE APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXPOSITION, VOLS 1-4 SE Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 23rd Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference (APEC 2008) CY FEB 24-28, 2008 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE AB This paper presents the simulation of a 100 A, 10 kV Silicon Carbide (SiC) half-bridge power module operating at 20 kHz in a behavioral boost converter circuit. In the half-bridge power module, 10 kV SiC power MOSFETs are used as the upper and lower switches, where 10 kV SiC Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) anti-parallel diodes along with 100 V silicon JBS series reverse-blocking diodes are used to protect the SiC MOSFETs from reverse conduction. The behavioral boost converter is designed to operate a single power switch and a single power diode for continuous 20 kHz hard switching conditions at 5 kV and 100 A. The test circuit contains the model for the 100 A, 10 kV SiC half-bridge power-module where the upper MOSFET gate is turned off. The simulated waveforms demonstrate fast switch performance (<100 ns) with minimal turn-on current spikes resulting from charging the capacitances of the other MOSFET and JBS diodes in the module. The results also indicate that the combination of the 10 kV SiC JBS anti-parallel diode with the series low-voltage silicon JBS reverse-blocking diode is effective in protecting the SiC MOSFETs from reverse conduction. C1 [Duong, T. H.; Rivera-Lopez, A.; Hefner, A. R., Jr.; Ortiz-Rodriguez, J. M.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duong, TH (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1048-2334 BN 978-1-4244-1873-2 J9 APPL POWER ELECT CO PY 2008 BP 913 EP 917 DI 10.1109/APEC.2008.4522830 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIF18 UT WOS:000259074300138 ER PT J AU Colle, R Zimmerman, BE Cassette, P Laureano-Perez, L AF Colle, R. Zimmerman, B. E. Cassette, P. Laureano-Perez, L. TI Ni-63, its half-life and standardization: Revisited SO APPLIED RADIATION AND ISOTOPES LA English DT Article DE efficiency tracing; liquid scintillation; LNHB; nickel-63; NIST; radioactivity; standards; TDCR ID LIQUID SCINTILLATION SPECTROMETRY; COUNTING EFFICIENCY; RADIONUCLIDES; NICKEL-63; EMITTERS; PROGRAM; FE-55 AB Recent liquid scintillation (LS) measurements at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and at the Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel (LNHB) on a standardized Ni-63 solution that has been tracked for nearly 40 years have resulted in several important findings: (i) a Ni-63 half-life value of 101.2 +/- 1.5 a has been determined with the present decay data. This value is consistent with a previous specific activity determination and with an earlier value from decay measurements; and it appears to be more satisfactory than a recent data evaluator's recommended value of 98.7 a. (ii) All solution standards of Ni-63 as disseminated by NIST for the past 38(+) years are internally consistent with past and recent standardizations. (iii) Primary LS standardizations of Ni-63 by the triple-to-double coincidence ratio (TDCR) method and by CIEMAT/NIST H-3-standard efficiency tracing (CNET) appear to be comparable, although the latter methodology is believed to be inherently inferior. (iv) There is excellent measurement agreement between NIST and LNHB for Ni-63 primary standardizations. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Colle, R.; Zimmerman, B. E.; Laureano-Perez, L.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cassette, P.] CEA Saclay, Lab Natl Henri Becquerel, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Colle, R (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rcolle@nist.gov OI Cassette, Philippe/0000-0001-5254-9183 NR 39 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0969-8043 J9 APPL RADIAT ISOTOPES JI Appl. Radiat. Isot. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 66 IS 1 BP 60 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.07.017 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 243GT UT WOS:000251784200009 PM 17766127 ER PT S AU Gucciardi, PG Bachelier, G Stranick, SJ Allegrini, M AF Gucciardi, Pietro Giuseppe Bachelier, Guillaume Stranick, Stephan J. Allegrini, Maria BE Bhushan, B Fuchs, H Tomitori, M TI Background-Free Apertureless Near-Field Optical Imaging SO APPLIED SCANNING PROBE METHODS VIII: SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY TECHNIQUES SE Nanoscience and Technology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Near-field; Scanning near-field optical microscopy; Nano-optics; Nanophotonics; Apertureless; Proximal probe microscopy ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; DIELECTRIC CONTRAST; SUBWAVELENGTH-SCALE; SPATIAL-RESOLUTION; MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; NANOPARTICLES; TIP; FORCE; LIGHT AB The goal of this chapter is to review the theoretical background and the experimental techniques of apertureless scanning near-field optical microscopy (SNOM) artifact-free imaging. We describe the principles of apertureless SNOM, detailing the different detection schemes for artifact-free imaging: homodyne and heterodyne detection. Additionally, we detail the physical origin of the measured signals, describe optical artifacts, and discuss experimental techniques capable of artifact-free imaging. Finally, we provide an overview of the potential application of these techniques in materials science, nanophotonics, nanoplasmonics and soft-matter science. C1 [Gucciardi, Pietro Giuseppe] CNR, Ist & Proc Chimicofis, Sez Messina, I-98123 Messina, Italy. [Allegrini, Maria] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis Enrico Fermi, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Bachelier, Guillaume] Univ Lyon 1, Spectrometrie Ion & Mol Lab, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France. [Stranick, Stephan J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div 837, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gucciardi, PG (reprint author), CNR, Ist & Proc Chimicofis, Sez Messina, Via Farina 237, I-98123 Messina, Italy. EM gucciardi@me.cnr.it; guillaume.bachelier@lasim.univ-lyon1.fr; stephan.stranick@nist.gov; maria.allegrini@df.unipi.it RI Gucciardi, Pietro Giuseppe/B-8188-2014 OI Gucciardi, Pietro Giuseppe/0000-0003-1826-9174 NR 71 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1434-4904 BN 978-3-540-74079-7 J9 NANOSCI TECHNOL PY 2008 BP 1 EP 29 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-74080-3_1 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-74080-3 PG 29 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJP58 UT WOS:000266967300001 ER PT J AU Polte, P Buschbaum, C AF Polte, Patrick Buschbaum, Christian TI Native pipefish Entelurus aequoreus are promoted by the introduced seaweed Sargassum muticum in the northern Wadden Sea, North Sea SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE introduced seaweed; pipefish; Sargassum muticum; Entelurtis aequoreus; zooplankton; Wadden Sea; North Sea ID SYNGNATHID FISHES; SNAKE PIPEFISH; YENDO FENSHOLT; SEAGRASS BEDS; COMMUNITIES; HABITATS; PATTERNS; ECOLOGY; MEADOW; GROWTH AB After the major loss of eelgrass habitats in the 1930s the snake pipefish Entelurus aequoreus was considered to be rare in the Wadden Sea (south-eastern North Sea, German Bight). We hypothesize that a sudden increase in pipefish abundance observed in the area since 2004 is related to new habitats provided by the introduced Japanese seaweed Sargassum muticum. SCUBA observations conducted near the Island of Sylt during July 2006 showed that approximately every second S, muticum thallus was inhabited by E. aequoreus, whereas no pipefish could be found on sedimentary areas dominating the Wadden Sea. In a field experiment, we removed thalli from a S. muticum bed and transplanted them to an unvegetated site and to the donor S. muticum bed, respectively. Nine days after the transplantation, abundances of pipefish per thallus were almost equally high within all transplanted S. muticum units at vegetated and originally unvegetated sites. Abundances of E. aequoreus in transplanted thalli did not significantly differ from those found in unaffected control thalli located in the donor S. muticum bed, To explain high pipefish densities within S. muticum beds we sampled the zooplankton community inside and outside the S. muticum bed and compared it with gut contents of pipefish. Zooplankton densities were significantly higher inside the S. muticum bed. Harpacticoid copepods were the dominant group associated with S. muticum and also represented the major prey of E. aequoreus. We conclude that stocks of E. aequoreus are promoted by S. muticum beds since they benefit from higher food supply during the spawning season, probably in addition to increased shelter by habitat complexity. Results of the present study suggest that introductions of habitat-forming species such as S, muticum may cause beneficial effects on abundance and diversity of native species. C1 [Polte, Patrick; Buschbaum, Christian] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Wadden Sea Stn Sylt, D-25992 List Auf Sylt, Germany. RP Polte, P (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM patrick.polte@noaa.gov FU AWI; European Community's Sixth Framework Programme [GOCE-CT-2003-505446] FX Many thanks to Saskia Kroeckel, Annielyn Deocampo and the AWI diving team for all their assistance with field work and sample processing. We gratefully acknowledge Helen Berry, Tony Chapman, Bettina Saier, Gerhard Cadee, Mike Harris, Karsten Reise and 3 anonymous referees for their valuable comments and their help to improve the manuscript. Thanks are extended to AWI for funding this research. The project was carried out within the framework of the MarBEF Network of Excellence 'Marine Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning' which is funded by the Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystems Programme of the European Community's Sixth Framework Programme (Contract No. GOCE-CT-2003-505446). This publication is Contribution Number MPS-08012 of MarBEF. NR 44 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 15 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 11 EP 18 DI 10.3354/ab00071 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 351UZ UT WOS:000259452700002 ER PT J AU Driggers, WB Ingram, GW Grace, MA Gledhill, CT Henwood, TA Horton, CN Jones, CM AF Driggers, William B., III Ingram, G. Walter, Jr. Grace, Mark A. Gledhill, Christopher T. Henwood, Terry A. Horton, Carrie N. Jones, Christian M. TI Pupping areas and mortality rates of young tiger sharks Galeocerdo cuvier in the western North Atlantic Ocean SO AQUATIC BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tiger shark; Galeocerdo cuvier; carcharhinidae; pupping area; nursery area; mortality ID NATURAL MORTALITY; NORTHWESTERN GULF; NURSERY; GROWTH; AGE; JUVENILE; FISHES; REPRODUCTION; MEXICO AB From 1995 through 2006, 2577 bottom longline sets were conducted in the western North Atlantic Ocean from similar to 36 degrees N, 75 degrees W to 26 degrees N, 97 degrees W, an area that encompasses both the coastal waters off the southeastern USA (Atlantic) and the northern Gulf of Mexico (Gulf). Over the course of the study, 335 young-of-the-year (YOY) and 219 juvenile tiger sharks Galeocerdo cuvier were captured. In the Gulf, YOY catch per unit effort (CPUE) was highest from similar to 88 to 83 degrees W. In the Atlantic, the area of highest YOY CPUE occurred from 31 to 33 degrees N. Distribution of juvenile tiger sharks was more uniform than observed for YOY throughout the range of the study. Annual survival rates of YOY and Age 1+ tiger sharks were estimated to be 51 and 62 % in the Gulf and 39 and 27 % in the Atlantic. Total instantaneous mortality rates of YOY and Age 1+ tiger sharks were, respectively, estimated to be 0.67 and 0.47 in the Gulf and 0.93 and 1.32 in the Atlantic. In the Atlantic, age-specific natural mortality (M) estimates ranged from 0.12 to 0.50 and from 0.08 to 0.36 for YOY and juvenile tigers sharks, respectively. Estimates of age-specific Mwere more variable in the Gulf, with values ranging from 0.11 to 0.98 for YOY and from 0.08 to 0.57 for juveniles. In the absence of nursery areas, the production of numerous fast-growing offspring presumably helps the species survive in the face of high total mortality. C1 [Driggers, William B., III; Ingram, G. Walter, Jr.; Grace, Mark A.; Gledhill, Christopher T.; Henwood, Terry A.; Horton, Carrie N.; Jones, Christian M.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Driggers, WB (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mississippi Labs, PO Drawer 1207, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM william.driggers@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 19 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 1864-7790 J9 AQUAT BIOL JI Aquat. Biol. PY 2008 VL 2 IS 2 BP 161 EP 170 DI 10.3354/ab00045 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 351UX UT WOS:000259452500007 ER PT J AU Schertzer, WM Assel, RA Beletsky, D Croley, TE Lofgren, BM Saylor, JH Schwab, DJ AF Schertzer, W. M. Assel, R. A. Beletsky, D. Croley, T. E., II Lofgren, B. M. Saylor, J. H. Schwab, D. J. TI Lake Huron climatology, inter-lake exchange and mean circulation SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on the State of Lake Huron: Ecosystem Change, Habitat and Management CY 2007 CL Honey Harbour, CANADA SP Aquat Ecosyst Hlth & Management Soc, Lake Huron Binatl Partnership DE hydrology; heat flux; ice cover; lake circulation; Great Lakes ID GREAT-LAKES; GEORGIAN BAY; TRANSPORT; WIND AB Selected key features of the physical limnology, hydrology and climate influencing Lake Huron is presented. The lake is deep (229 m), consists of four interconnected bodies of water and currently there are no diversions into or out of the lake. Long-term annual summaries of meteorological and hydrological variables show that the lake affects spatial distributions across the basin. An estimate of the long-term hydrologic budget shows the relative importance of the major inflows, outflows and net basin supply. Long-term monthly average water level is 176.6 m. Monthly mean total heat flux ranges from -155 W m(-2) in December to 154 W m(-2) in June. Light attenuation is higher in Saginaw Bay and the nearshore compared to the mid-lake. Ice extent can be an important factor in the Lake Huron system with values ranging from 10% to 90% depending on winter severity. Surface and mean lake temperature for shallow North Channel are similar, however, large volumes of main Lake Huron and Georgian Bay results in mean temperatures nearly 10 degrees C less than surface temperatures in summer. Inter-lake exchange at the Straits of Mackinac is about 2 cm s(-1) but fluctuating flows can be up to 30 times larger. The averaged summer and winter circulation shows cyclonic patterns for Lake Huron. C1 [Schertzer, W. M.] Natl Water Res Inst Branch, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Assel, R. A.; Croley, T. E., II; Lofgren, B. M.; Saylor, J. H.; Schwab, D. J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Beletsky, D.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Schertzer, WM (reprint author), Natl Water Res Inst Branch, 867 Lakeshore Rd, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM william.schertzer@ec.gc.ca RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012; OI Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588; Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 144 EP 152 DI 10.1080/14634980802098705 PG 9 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 317PN UT WOS:000257032200004 ER PT J AU Croley, TE Lewis, CFM AF Croley, T. E., II Lewis, C. F. M. TI Warmer and drier climates that make Lake Huron into a terminal lake SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on the State of Lake Huron: Ecosystem Change, Habitat and Management CY 2007 CL Honey Harbour, CANADA SP Aquat Ecosyst Hlth & Management Soc, Lake Huron Binatl Partnership DE climate change; Laurentian Great Lakes; hydrology; closed lakes; modeling ID GREAT-LAKES AB Paleo-hydrologists have adjusted for glacial isostatic uplift and compared the original elevations of paleo-water level indicators and basin outlets for Lake Huron, revealing that Huron lake levels fell tens of meters below its lowest possible outlet (becoming a terminal lake) about 7,900 C-14 years BP. This corresponds to when the upper Great Lakes stopped receiving glacial melt inflow and became dependent for water supply on precipitation alone, as at present. Since these researchers accounted for differential isostatic effects, they surmised that the upper Great Lakes were impacted by severe dry climate. To understand possible climate changes that led to the closure, the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory applied their Advanced Hydrologic Prediction System to explore deviations from present climates that could force the upper Great Lakes to become terminal. GLERL modeled the steady-state water balance of the present upper Great Lakes with pre-development natural water flow conditions by employing lake outflow-depth rating curves (using estimated sill elevations) reasonable for a natural system and by using dynamic lake areas controlled by observed hypsometric relations for each lake. By using systematic shifts in precipitation and temperature relative to the present base climate, GLERL showed the temperature rises and precipitation drops required for a terminal lake; they may be less extreme if additional effects of past differences in wind speed and insolation are also considered. C1 [Croley, T. E., II] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Lewis, C. F. M.] Geol Survey Canada Atlantic, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Croley, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM tom.croley@noaa.gov NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 520 CHESTNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 EI 1539-4077 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1080/14634980802089415 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 317PN UT WOS:000257032200005 ER PT J AU McCormick, MJ Schwab, DJ AF McCormick, Michael J. Schwab, David J. TI Observations of Currents in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on the State of Lake Huron: Ecosystem Change, Habitat and Management CY 2007 CL Honey Harbour, CANADA SP Aquat Ecosyst Hlth & Management Soc, Lake Huron Binatl Partnership DE physical limnology; mean flow; statistics AB During June 1991 through June 1994, six current meter moorings were deployed in the outer region of Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron to study the bay's dynamics and interaction with Lake Huron. Two current meters were configured on each subsurface mooring at 14 m below the water surface and 2 m above the bottom, and current speed, direction, and water temperature were recorded at 15 minute intervals. These data represent nearly 1.2 million observations and are the longest continuous set of observations conducted anywhere in Lake Huron and the first extensive set of winter observations conducted in Saginaw Bay. The winter months showed the highest mean currents from the moorings closest to Lake Huron, whereas the stratified season showed high mean currents at the moorings located in the bay proper. There was little consistency in mean flow vectors other than the bottom currents at the southeastern mooring which showed consistent flow from the bay into Lake Huron. Only a small fraction of the kinetic energy was contained in the mean flow. The variability in the orientation of the principal axes of variation on semi-annual to inter-annual time scales suggests using caution in generalizing about circulation patterns based solely upon limited data sets. C1 [McCormick, Michael J.; Schwab, David J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP McCormick, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM michael.mccormick@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 182 EP 189 DI 10.1080/14634980802092997 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 317PN UT WOS:000257032200008 ER PT J AU Fahnenstiel, GL Millie, DF Dyble, J Litaker, RW Tester, PA McCormick, MJ Rediske, R Klarer, D AF Fahnenstiel, G. L. Millie, D. F. Dyble, J. Litaker, R. W. Tester, P. A. McCormick, M. J. Rediske, R. Klarer, D. TI Microcystin concentrations and cell quotas in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on the State of Lake Huron: Ecosystem Change, Habitat and Management CY 2007 CL Honey Harbour, CANADA SP Aquat Ecosyst Hlth & Management Soc, Lake Huron Binatl Partnership DE Microcystis aeruginosa; growth rates ID NET PRODUCTION; AERUGINOSA; EXTRACTION; DIVISION AB Distribution of the toxin microcystin was studied in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron during two summer (August) cruises in 2003-2004. Intracellular microcystin concentrations averaged 1.1 mu g l(-1) (range 0.01-3.5 mu g l(-1)), and extracellular concentrations averaged only 0.09 mu g l(-1) (range 0.01-0.18 mu g l(-1)). Highest microcystin concentrations were found in the nearshore regions of the bay, which were shallow and had high total phosphorus concentrations. Microcystin concentrations were strongly correlated with Microcystis aeruginosa abundance (r = 0.8). M. aeruginosa abundance was strongly correlated with total phosphorus, and growth rates were negatively correlated with C:P ratio. Particulate nutrient ratios suggested that Saginaw Bay algae were severely phosphorus deficient. Microcystin cell quotas for M. aeruginosa averaged 140 fg cell(-1), and were not correlated with any environmental factor or growth rates. In Saginaw Bay, phosphorus availability primarily influences microcystin concentrations through direct control of M. aeruginosa abundance and growth rates, and not through direct control of cellular microcystin synthesis. C1 [Fahnenstiel, G. L.] NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Millie, D. F.] Univ S Florida, Florida Inst Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Millie, D. F.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Dyble, J.; McCormick, M. J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Litaker, R. W.; Tester, P. A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Rediske, R.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon 49441, MI USA. [Klarer, D.] ODR Div Wildlife, Old Woman Creek NERR, Huron 44839, OH USA. RP Fahnenstiel, GL (reprint author), NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM gary.fahnenstiel@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 190 EP 195 DI 10.1080/14634980802092757 PG 6 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 317PN UT WOS:000257032200009 ER PT J AU Millie, DF Fahnenstiel, GL Dyble, J Pigg, R Rediske, R Klarer, DM Litaker, RW Tester, PA AF Millie, D. F. Fahnenstiel, G. L. Dyble, J. Pigg, R. Rediske, R. Klarer, D. M. Litaker, R. W. Tester, P. A. TI Influence of environmental conditions on late-summer cyanobacterial abundance in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron SO AQUATIC ECOSYSTEM HEALTH & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 8th Conference on the State of Lake Huron: Ecosystem Change, Habitat and Management CY 2007 CL Honey Harbour, CANADA SP Aquat Ecosyst Hlth & Management Soc, Lake Huron Binatl Partnership DE blue-green algae; Laurentian Great Lakes; Microcystis; phosphorus; phytoplankton ID EPISODIC SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; GREAT-LAKES; HPLC MEASUREMENTS; ZEBRA MUSSELS; PHYTOPLANKTON; PIGMENT; PHOSPHORUS; MICHIGAN; CHEMTAX AB The relationships among environmental conditions and phytoplankton assemblages were characterized during late summer (2003-2005) in Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron. Differences among sampling stations, arising primarily from spatial disparities in water-column optical properties and nutrient availability, were evident. Cyanobacteria and diatoms dominated phytoplankton assemblages, with the greatest total chlorophyll a concentrations occurring at the innermost portions of the Bay. Microcystis abundance was greatest in the Bay's upper reaches and decreased with increasing distance from the mouth of the Saginaw River. A suite of variables, indicative of annually-distinct meteorological and hydrological conditions and phosphorus-laden inflows, were identified to (collectively) best 'group' stations in a manner consistent with that of phylogenetic-group chlorophyll a concentrations and cyanobacterial biovolumes. However, a great deal of variability between abiotic and biotic patterns remained unexplained and several abiotic variables singularly corresponded with Microcystis abundance. Taken together, it appears that multiple environmental conditions (including annual/episodic meteorological patterns, seasonal/intermittent riverine inflows, annual phosphorus loading, etc.) interact with taxon-specific physiological traits to holistically influence late-summer phytoplankton abundance throughout inner Saginaw Bay. C1 [Millie, D. F.; Pigg, R.] Univ S Florida, Florida Inst Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Millie, D. F.; Pigg, R.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Fahnenstiel, G. L.] NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon 49441, MI USA. [Dyble, J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Rediske, R.] Grand Valley State Univ, Annis Water Resources Inst, Muskegon 49441, MI USA. [Klarer, D. M.] Ohio Dept Nat Resources, Div Wildlife, Old Woman Creek Natl Estuarine Res Reserve, Huron 44839, OH USA. [Litaker, R. W.; Tester, P. A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Millie, DF (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Florida Inst Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM david.millie@myfwc.com NR 39 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1463-4988 J9 AQUAT ECOSYST HEALTH JI Aquat. Ecosyst. Health Manag. PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 196 EP 205 DI 10.1080/14634980802099604 PG 10 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Water Resources GA 317PN UT WOS:000257032200010 ER PT J AU Siron, R Sherman, K Skjoldal, HR Hiltz, E AF Siron, Robert Sherman, Kenneth Skjoldal, Hein Rune Hiltz, Elizabeth TI Ecosystem-Based Management in the Arctic Ocean: A Multi-Level Spatial Approach SO ARCTIC LA English DT Article DE ecosystem approach; ecosystem-based management; integrated management; spatial scale; Arctic Ocean; Large Marine Ecosystems; Large Ocean Management Area; Beaufort Sea ID LARGE MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; BEAUFORT SEA; GOVERNANCE AB Ecosystem-based management (EBM) first requires the identification of spatial units capturing the ecosystem structure and functions. To this end, the Arctic Council has adopted the Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) framework. Ecosystem experts have identified 17 Arctic LMEs and mapped them for monitoring and assessment purposes. We provide an overview of their major ecological features. The ecosystem approach has also been developed nationally, with EBM initiatives undertaken as part of the national ocean policy frameworks and actions plans of the United States and Canada. A case study of the Beaufort Sea Large Ocean Management Area (LOMA) established for integrated ocean management purposes shows how Canada's national spatial framework is being implemented at the subregional level. A comparison of this framework to the international LME that overlaps it in the Canadian waters of the Beaufort Sea demonstrates that both approaches are based on the same principles and criteria, and aim at the same goal: giving primary consideration to the marine ecosystem when managing activities. The two approaches are complementary because they are applied at different spatial and governance levels: regional (Arctic-wide) and subregional (in Canadian Arctic waters). A multi-level spatial framework, science-based management tools, and a governance structure are now available to managers in the Beaufort Sea pilot region; now managers must put in the effort needed to make EBM operational and address the complex environmental issues facing the Arctic. C1 [Siron, Robert] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Oceans Policy & Planning Branch, Oceans Directorate, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada. [Sherman, Kenneth] NOAA, Narragansett Lab, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Skjoldal, Hein Rune] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Hiltz, Elizabeth] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Oceans Programs, Cent & Arctic Reg, Inst Freshwater, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada. RP Siron, R (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Oceans Policy & Planning Branch, Oceans Directorate, 200 Kent St, Ottawa, ON K1A 0E6, Canada. EM robert.siron@dfo-mpo.gc.ca; kenneth.sherman@noaa.gov; hein.rune.skjoldal@imr.no; beth.hiltz@dfo-mpo.gc.ca NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 22 PU ARCTIC INST N AMER PI CALGARY PA UNIV OF CALGARY 2500 UNIVERSITY DRIVE NW 11TH FLOOR LIBRARY TOWER, CALGARY, ALBERTA T2N 1N4, CANADA SN 0004-0843 J9 ARCTIC JI Arctic PY 2008 VL 61 BP 86 EP 102 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography GA 399LF UT WOS:000262800700010 ER PT S AU Bhatt, US Alexander, MA Deser, C Walsh, JE Miller, JS Timlin, MS Scott, J Tomas, RA AF Bhatt, Uma S. Alexander, Michael A. Deser, Clara Walsh, John E. Miller, Jack S. Timlin, Michael S. Scott, James Tomas, Robert A. BE DeWeaver, ET Bitz, CM Tremblay, LB TI The Atmospheric Response to Realistic Reduced Summer Arctic Sea Ice Anomalies SO ARCTIC SEA ICE DECLINE: OBSERVATIONS, PROJECTIONS, MECHANISMS, AND IMPLICATIONS SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NORTH-ATLANTIC SST; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; LEVEL HIGH PROPERTIES; DYNAMICAL SIMULATION; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WINTER CIRCULATION; CYCLONE ACTIVITY; AIR-TEMPERATURE; NCAR CCM3; VARIABILITY AB The impact of reduced Arctic summer sea ice on the atmosphere is investigated by forcing an atmospheric general circulation model, the Community Climate Model (CCM 3.6), with observed sea ice conditions during 1995, a low-ice year. The 51 experiments, which spanned April to October of 1995, were initiated with different states from a control simulation. The 55-year control was integrated using a repeating climatological seasonal cycle of sea ice. The response was obtained from the mean difference between the experiment and control simulations. The strongest response was found during the month of August where the Arctic displays a weak local thermal response, with wanner surface air temperatures and lower sea level pressure (SLP). However, there is a significant remote response over the North Pacific characterized by an equivalent barotropic (anomalies are collocated with height and increase in magnitude) structure, with anomalous high SLP collocated with a ridge in the upper troposphere. The ice anomalies force an increase (decrease) in precipitation north of (along) the North Pacific storm track. A linear baroclinic model forced with the transient eddy vorticity fluxes, transient eddy heat fluxes, and diabatic heating separately demonstrated that transient eddy vorticity fluxes are key to maintaining the anomalous high over the North Pacific. The model's sensitivity to separately imposed ice anomalies in the Kara, Laptev-East Siberian, or Beaufort seas includes SLP, geopotential height, and precipitation changes that are similar to but weaker than the response to the full sea ice anomaly. C1 [Bhatt, Uma S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Atmospher Sci, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Alexander, Michael A.; Scott, James] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Deser, Clara; Tomas, Robert A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Miller, Jack S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, ARSC, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Timlin, Michael S.] Univ Illinois, Dept Atmospher Sci, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Walsh, John E.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Int Arct Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Bhatt, US (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Atmospher Sci, Inst Geophys, POB 75-7320, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM bhatt@gi.alaska.edu NR 54 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-445-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 180 BP 91 EP 110 DI 10.1029/180GM08 D2 10.1029/GM180 PG 20 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BKA21 UT WOS:000267579700007 ER PT S AU Winton, M AF Winton, Michael BE DeWeaver, ET Bitz, CM Tremblay, LB TI Sea Ice-Albedo Feedback and Nonlinear Arctic Climate Change SO ARCTIC SEA ICE DECLINE: OBSERVATIONS, PROJECTIONS, MECHANISMS, AND IMPLICATIONS SE Geophysical Monograph Book Series LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MODELS; AMPLIFICATION; SENSITIVITY; RADIATION; CO2 AB The potential for sea ice-albedo feedback to give rise to nonlinear climate change in the Arctic Ocean region, defined as a nonlinear relationship between polar and global temperature change or, equivalently, a tithe-varying polar amplification, is explored in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change climate models. Five models supplying Special Report on Emissions Scenario A1B ensembles for the 21st century are examined, and very linear relationships are found between polar and global temperatures (indicating linear polar region climate change) and between polar temperature and albedo (the potential source of nonlinearity). Two of the climate models have Arctic Ocean simulations that become annually sea ice-free under the stronger CO2 increase to quadrupling forcing. Both of these runs show increases in polar amplification at polar temperatures above -5 degrees C, and one exhibits heat budget changes that are consistent with the small ice cap instability of simple energy balance models. Both models show linear warming up to a polar temperature of -5 degrees C, well above the disappearance of their September ice covers at about -9 degrees C. Below -5 degrees C, effective annual surface albedo decreases smoothly as reductions move, progressively, to earlier parts of the sunlit period. Atmospheric heat transport exerts a strong cooling effect during the transition to annually ice-free conditions, counteracting the albedo change. Specialized experiments with atmosphere-only and coupled models show that the main damping mechanism for sea ice region surface temperature is reduced upward heat flux through the adjacent ice-free oceans resulting in reduced atmospheric heat transport into the region. C1 Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Winton, M (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308,Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM Michael.Winton@noaa.gov NR 28 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0065-8448 BN 978-0-87590-445-0 J9 GEOPHYS MONOGR SER PY 2008 VL 180 BP 111 EP 131 DI 10.1029/180GM09 D2 10.1029/GM180 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BKA21 UT WOS:000267579700008 ER PT S AU Healy, WM AF Healy, W. M. GP ASHRAE TI Effect of Temperature Stratification Near Heating Elements on the Measured Energy Factors of Electric Water Heaters SO ASHRAE TRANSACTIONS 2008, VOL 114, PT 2 SE ASHRAE Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the American-Society-of-Heating-Refrigerating-and-Air-Conditioning-Engineers CY JUN 23, 2008 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Amer Soc Heating, Refrigerating & Air Conditioning Engineers AB Two different models of 190 L (50 gallon) residential electric water heaters were tested to investigate problems that arise determining their energy efficiencies due to the steep temperature gradient near the lower heating element. This gradient makes the determination of the average tank water temperature difficult because, in accordance with current test standards, temperature measurements are made at only six discrete locations within the water heater Results show that errors in determining this average temperature can have significant effects on the Energy Factor by yielding inaccurate estimates of the stored energy within the tank. This estimate Of the stored energy is part of the correction algorithm used to normalize the lab measured efficiency to the standard conditions that define the Energy Factor The investigation's findings suggest that efforts should be made to ensure that conditions at the start of a test are similar to those at the end. For the two water heaters tested here, this scenario was best achieved by starting with a 24 hour idling period. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Healy, WM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC HEATING, REFRIGERATING AND AIR-CONDITIONING ENGS PI ATLANTA PA 1791 TULLIE CIRCLE NE, ATLANTA, GA 30329 USA SN 0001-2505 J9 ASHRAE TRAN PY 2008 VL 114 BP 85 EP 95 PG 11 WC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology SC Thermodynamics; Construction & Building Technology GA BMG20 UT WOS:000272256700009 ER PT S AU Cao, CY Goldberg, M Wang, LK AF Cao, Changyong Goldberg, Mitch Wang, Likun BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Ardanuy, PE Huang, AHL TI Using IASI Observations to Resolve HIRS Spectral Response Function Induced Intersatellite Biases SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION IV: READINESS FOR GEOSS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization IV - Readiness for GEOSS II CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE HIRS; IASI; Spectral Response; historical NOAA satellites; Fundamental Climate Data Records ID SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OBSERVATIONS; CALIBRATION; NOAA-16 AB There are significant challenges in making the observations from HIRS (High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder) on the 13+ satellites consistent for climate change detection. It is well known that for HIRS, the inter-satellite biases are significantly affected by differences in the spectral response functions (SRF) between instruments, since they often lead to observations of the atmosphere at different altitudes. The SRF dependent biases are further mixed with other effects such as the diurnal cycle due to observation time differences and orbital drifts, blackbody emissivity, and calibration algorithms. In this study, the IASI (Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer) observations are used to calculate the HIRS radiances by convolving the IASI observed radiances with the SRF of each HIRS model across different climate zones in different seasons, which separates the SRF induced intersatellite biases from other factors. It is found that the calculated radiance ratios using IASI observations for the HIRS satellite pairs form bell shaped curves that vary with the HIRS model, channel, as well as climate zones. Understanding the characteristics of these bell curves are essential for resolving the SRF dependent intersatellite biases and the development of fundamental climate data records from HIRS. C1 [Cao, Changyong; Goldberg, Mitch; Wang, Likun] NOAA NESDIS ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Cao, CY (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008 OI Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7305-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7085 AR 708505 DI 10.1117/12.794267 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BIR88 UT WOS:000262362100004 ER PT S AU Fraser, GT Brown, SW Datla, RU Johnson, BC Lykke, KR Rice, JP AF Fraser, G. T. Brown, S. W. Datla, R. U. Johnson, B. C. Lykke, K. R. Rice, J. P. BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Ardanuy, PE Huang, AHL TI Measurement science for climate remote sensing SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION IV: READINESS FOR GEOSS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization IV - Readiness for GEOSS II CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE climate change; measurement science; metrology; remote sensing ID RADIANCE RESPONSIVITY; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; NIST AB The NIST role in supporting our Nation's climate research is described. The assembly of climate data records over decadal time scales requires assimilating readings from a large number of optical sensors deployed in space and on the Earth by various nations. NIST, in partnership with NASA and NOAA, develops and disseminates the calibration tools and standards to ensure that the measurements from these sensors are accurate, comparable, and tied to international standards based on the SI system of units. This effort helps to provide confidence that the small decadal changes in environmental variables attributed to climate change are not an artifact of the measurement system. Additionally, it ensures that the measurements are physics based and thus comparable to climate models. C1 [Fraser, G. T.; Brown, S. W.; Datla, R. U.; Johnson, B. C.; Lykke, K. R.; Rice, J. P.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fraser, GT (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7305-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7085 AR 708102 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BIR88 UT WOS:000262362100001 ER PT S AU Li, YP Wu, XQ Sohn, SH AF Li, Yaping Wu, Xiangqian Sohn, Seung-hee BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Ardanuy, PE Huang, AHL TI Inter-calibration of GOES-11 imagers with AIRS and IASI data SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION IV: READINESS FOR GEOSS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization IV - Readiness for GEOSS II CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Inter-calibration; GOES-11; AIRS; IASI AB The advent of hyperspectral sounders, such as the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), makes it possible for us to independently assess the radiance measurements of GOES Infrared (IR) imagers, which also provide an effective way to evaluate the GOES IR on-board calibration. In this study, we demonstrate the utility of the AIRS and IASI radiances to evaluate the GOES-11 IR channel measurements. We use the AIRS and IASI measurements to inter-calibrate the IR channels on GOES-11. The collocated GOES pixels inside each AIRS (IASI) pixel are averaged spatially. Then the spatially-averaged radiance from GOES IR channels are compared to AIRS (IASI) observations by convolving the AIRS (IASI) measured spectra with the GOES imager spectral response functions. This study demonstrates that the high-spectral resolution radiance measurements can serve as a relative reference for the inter-calibration of operational GOES imagers for the Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS). C1 [Li, Yaping] NOAA NESDIS STAR, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Li, YP (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Yaping.Li@noaa.gov RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7305-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7085 AR 70851F DI 10.1117/12.804111 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BIR88 UT WOS:000262362100023 ER PT S AU Liu, JC Zhan, XW Jackson, TJ AF Liu, Jicheng Zhan, Xiwu Jackson, Thomas J. BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Ardanuy, PE Huang, AHL TI Soil moisture retrieval from WindSat using the single channel algorithm toward a blended global soil moisture product from multiple microwave sensors SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION IV: READINESS FOR GEOSS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization IV - Readiness for GEOSS II CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Soil moisture; microwave remote sensing; single channel retrieval algorithm; WindSat; AMSR-E; TMI AB Soil moisture has long been recognized as one of the critical land surface initial conditions for numerical weather, climate hydrological predictions, particularly for transition zones between dry and humid climates. However, none of the currently existing soil moisture products has been used operationally in these models, because of their consistency and reliability issues. A consistent and qualitatively reliable global soil moisture product is thus in desire to make good use of observations from different microwave sensors, such as AMSR-E, WindSat and TMI. This study explores the potential of WindSat data for producing such a product using the single channel algorithm (SCA) for soil moisture retrieval in conjunction with field observations for calibrating the algorithm and for validation. The preliminary results show good agreement between the results from WindSat and NASA AMSR-E product both in terms of spatial pattern and magnitude. The validation results show that the differences between the retrieved soil moisture from WindSat data and the ground measurements are below 0.05 (vol/vol) in most cases, meaning a great potential of WindSat data for producing a blended product. Further cross calibration between the brightness temperatures from different sensors might be needed for producing such a blended product. C1 [Liu, Jicheng] NOAA NESDIS STAR, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Liu, JC (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, IMSG, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM jicheng.liu@noaa.gov RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; Liu, Jicheng/B-4575-2009 NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7305-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7085 AR 708501 DI 10.1117/12.795065 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BIR88 UT WOS:000262362100011 ER PT S AU Tian, YH Zou, CZ Mitchell, KE Wong, V Kogan, FN Jiang, L Zhan, XW AF Tian, Yuhong Zou, Cheng-Zhi Mitchell, Kenneth E. Wong, Vince Kogan, Felix N. Jiang, Le Zhan, Xiwu BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Ardanuy, PE Huang, AHL TI Improvements of numerical weather predictions using a new AVHRR green vegetation fraction dataset SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION IV: READINESS FOR GEOSS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization IV - Readiness for GEOSS II CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Green vegetation fraction; WRF-NMM model; Noah land surface model; AVHRR; temperature forecast; forecast verification ID LAND-SURFACE MODEL; COVER DATA; ETA-MODEL AB This study aims to analyze impacts of the NESDIS new product of green vegetation fraction (GVF) data on simulated surface air temperature and surface fluxes over the continental United States (CONUS) using the Nonhydrostatic Mesoscale Model (NMM) core of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) system, i.e. WRF-NMM, coupled with the Noah land surface model (LSM). The new global 0.144 by 0.144 degree GVF dataset is an AVHHR-based, near real-time weekly dataset starting from 1982. It has better quality and a higher temporal resolution than the old monthly GVF dataset that is currently used in the NOAA operational numerical weather prediction models. The new weekly climatology GVF data shows a higher percentage of greenness fraction over most US areas than the old dataset, with the largest differences by 20-40% over the southeast U.S., the northern Middle West, and the west coast of California in summer. We have performed some case studies over CONUS during July 2006. In general, using the new GVF data cools predicted surface temperature over most regions compared to the old data, with the largest cooling over regions with the largest GVF increase. The latent heat increases significantly over most areas while the sensible heat decreases slightly. These results are physically consistent as more of the net radiation is dissipated in form of latent heat via enhanced evapotranspiration in response to increasing vegetation cover. Compared with observations, the new GVF application reduces the WRF-NMM 2-m surface air temperature warm biases, 2-m relative humidity negative biases, and their RMSEs. C1 [Tian, Yuhong; Jiang, Le] NOAA NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Tian, YH (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD USA. RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7305-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7085 AR 70850N DI 10.1117/12.795316 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BIR88 UT WOS:000262362100015 ER PT S AU Wu, XQ Goldberg, M AF Wu, Xiangqian Goldberg, Mitch BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Ardanuy, PE Huang, AHL TI Recent Activities and Achievements of the Global Space-based Inter-Calibration System (GSICS) Research Working Group SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION IV: READINESS FOR GEOSS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization IV - Readiness for GEOSS II CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Satellite; Instrument; Calibration; Hyperspectral; Inter-calibration; GOES; AIRS; GSICS AB GSICS was established in response to the challenge of providing accurate satellite data acquired by instruments of different types, at different times, and operated by different agencies. This paper summarizes the recent activities and achievements of the GSICS Research working Group. C1 [Wu, Xiangqian; Goldberg, Mitch] NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wu, XQ (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Xiangqian.Wu@noaa.gov RI Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7305-9 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7085 AR 708503 DI 10.1117/12.795730 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BIR88 UT WOS:000262362100002 ER PT S AU Yu, YY Tarpley, D Raja, MKRV Vinnikov, K Goldberg, MD AF Yu, Yunyue Tarpley, Dan Raja, M. K. Rama Varma Vinnikov, Konstantin Goldberg, Mitch D. BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Ardanuy, PE Huang, AHL TI Evaluation of Satellite Land Surface Temperatures Using Ground Measurements from Surface Radiation Budget Network SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION IV: READINESS FOR GEOSS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization IV - Readiness for GEOSS II CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Land surface temperature; remote sensing; GOES-R ID SURFRAD; GOES-8 AB Evaluation of satellite land surface temperature (LST) is one of the most difficult tasks in LST retrieval algorithm development, because of spatial and temporal variability of land surface temperature and surface emissivity variations. A large number of high quality "match-up" satellite and ground LST data is needed for the evaluation process. In developing a LST algorithm for the GOES-R Advanced Baseline Imager, we produced a set of "match-up" dataset from SURFace RADiation (SURFRAD) budget network ground measurements and GOES-8 and -10 satellite measurements. The dataset covers one-year GOES Imager data over six SURFRAD sites in the United States. A stringent cloud filtering procedure was applied to minimize cloud contamination in the match-up dataset. Each of the SURFRAD sites contains enough match-up data pairs for ensuring significance of statistical analyses of the LST algorithm. The evaluation was performed by directly and indirectly comparing the SURFRAD and satellite LSTs of each site. The direct comparison was illustrated using scatter plots and histogram plots of the ground and the satellite LSTs, while the indirect comparison was performed using a matrix analysis model developed by Flynn (2006)[1]. We demonstrated that LST measurements from the SURFRAD instrument can be used in our evaluation of the GOES-R LST algorithm development and the precision of the GOES-R LST algorithm can be fairly well estimated. C1 [Yu, Yunyue; Goldberg, Mitch D.] NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yu, YY (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5200 Auth Rd 5200, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Yunyue.Yu@noaa.gov RI Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7305-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7085 AR 70850L DI 10.1117/12.794227 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BIR88 UT WOS:000262362100014 ER PT S AU Zou, CZ AF Zou, Cheng-Zhi BE Goldberg, MD Bloom, HJ Ardanuy, PE Huang, AHL TI Intercalibration of microwave sounding unit with short overlaps SO ATMOSPHERIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL REMOTE SENSING DATA PROCESSING AND UTILIZATION IV: READINESS FOR GEOSS II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Atmospheric and Environmental Remote Sensing Data Processing and Utilization IV - Readiness for GEOSS II CY AUG 12-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE MSU dataset; MSU atmospheric temperature trend; satellite intercalibration; simultaneous nadir overpasses; satellite merging; warm target contamination; short overlaps ID SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OVERPASSES AB NOAA/NESDIS/Center for Satellite Applications and Research has been reprocessing and recalibrating the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) observations to generate atmospheric temperature dataset with climate quality. So far, observations from the MSU channels 2, 3, and 4 for NOAA 10, 11, 12, and 14 have been recalibrated using a recently-developed SNO (simultaneously nadir overpasses) sequential nonlinear calibration technique and a 20-year long deep-layer atmospheric temperature dataset from 1987 to 2006 has been generated. However, when using the SNO nonlinear technique to intercalibrate the MSU instrument for satellites before NOAA 10, one has to deal with the short overlap issue for satellites between NOAA 9 and NOAA 10. In this study, by extending the spatial distance criterion for the SNO matchups, we generate more SNO samplings for the short-overlapping satellites. We analyze the error characteristics of the SNO matchups when the spatial distance is extended to as large as 650km. We also generate calibration coefficients using the SNO nonlinear sequential intercalibration technique and then analyze how the intercalibration affects the SNO biases with different separation distances. These analyses will be helpful in determining the final calibration coefficients used for generating consistent MSU long-term temperature time series that will include all available satellites. C1 NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Zou, CZ (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RI Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7305-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7085 AR 708506 DI 10.1117/12.798116 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Remote Sensing GA BIR88 UT WOS:000262362100005 ER PT J AU Altaratz, O Koren, I Reisin, T Kostinski, A Feingold, G Levin, Z Yin, Y AF Altaratz, O. Koren, I. Reisin, T. Kostinski, A. Feingold, G. Levin, Z. Yin, Y. TI Aerosols' influence on the interplay between condensation, evaporation and rain in warm cumulus cloud SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; SHIP TRACKS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; MICROPHYSICS; PRECIPITATION; MODEL; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATION; POLLUTION; DYNAMICS AB A numerical cloud model is used to study the influence of aerosol on the microphysics and dynamics of moderate-sized, coastal, convective clouds that develop under the same meteorological conditions. The results show that polluted convective clouds start their precipitation later and precipitate less than clean clouds but produce larger rain drops. The evaporation process is more significant at the margins of the polluted clouds (compared to the clean cloud) due to a higher drop surface area to volume ratio and it is mostly from small drops. It was found that the formation of larger raindrops in the polluted cloud is due to a more efficient collection process. C1 [Altaratz, O.; Koren, I.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Reisin, T.] Soreq Nucl Res Ctr, IL-70600 Yavne, Israel. [Kostinski, A.] Michigan Technol Univ, Dept Phys, Houghton, MI 49931 USA. [Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Levin, Z.] Tel Aviv Univ, Dept Geophys & Planetary Sci, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Yin, Y.] Nanjing Univ Informat Sci & Technol, Dept Appl Meteorol, Nanjing, Peoples R China. RP Altaratz, O (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM orit.altaratz@weizmann.ac.il RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012; Yin, Yan/I-8350-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265; Yin, Yan/0000-0002-8391-2712; NR 29 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 9 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 15 EP 24 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273CM UT WOS:000253908000002 ER PT J AU Dubovik, O Lapyonok, T Kaufman, YJ Chin, M Ginoux, P Kahn, RA Sinyuk, A AF Dubovik, O. Lapyonok, T. Kaufman, Y. J. Chin, M. Ginoux, P. Kahn, R. A. Sinyuk, A. TI Retrieving global aerosol sources from satellites using inverse modeling SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VARIATIONAL DATA ASSIMILATION; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC AEROSOL; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; 3-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; SPECTRAL RADIANCES AB Understanding aerosol effects on global climate requires knowing the global distribution of tropospheric aerosols. By accounting for aerosol sources, transports, and removal processes, chemical transport models simulate the global aerosol distribution using archived meteorological fields. We develop an algorithm for retrieving global aerosol sources from satellite observations of aerosol distribution by inverting the GOCART aerosol transport model. The inversion is based on a generalized, multi-term least-squares-type fitting, allowing flexible selection and refinement of a priori algorithm constraints. For example, limitations can be placed on retrieved quantity partial derivatives, to constrain global aerosol emission space and time variability in the results. Similarities and differences between commonly used inverse modeling and remote sensing techniques are analyzed. To retain the high space and time resolution of long-period, global observational records, the algorithm is expressed using adjoint operators. Successful global aerosol emission retrievals at 2 degrees x2.5 degrees resolution were obtained by inverting GOCART aerosol transport model output, assuming constant emissions over the diurnal cycle, and neglecting aerosol compositional differences. In addition, fine and coarse mode aerosol emission sources were inverted separately from MODIS fine and coarse mode aerosol optical thickness data, respectively. These assumptions are justified, based on observational coverage and accuracy limitations, producing valuable aerosol source locations and emission strengths. From two weeks of daily MODIS observations during August 2000, the global placement of fine mode aerosol sources agreed with available independent knowledge, even though the inverse method did not use any a priori information about aerosol sources, and was initialized with a 'zero aerosol emission' assumption. Retrieving coarse mode aerosol emissions was less successful, mainly because MODIS aerosol data over highly reflecting desert dust sources is lacking. The broader implications of applying our approach are also discussed. C1 [Dubovik, O.] Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. [Dubovik, O.; Lapyonok, T.; Sinyuk, A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Terr Phys Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lapyonok, T.; Sinyuk, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD USA. [Kaufman, Y. J.; Chin, M.; Kahn, R. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Ginoux, P.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Kahn, R. A.] Geophys Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Dubovik, O (reprint author), Univ Lille 1, CNRS, Opt Atmospher Lab, F-59655 Villeneuve Dascq, France. EM dubovik@loa.univ-lille1.fr RI Dubovik, Oleg/A-8235-2009; Ginoux, Paul/C-2326-2008; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Kahn, Ralph/D-5371-2012 OI Dubovik, Oleg/0000-0003-3482-6460; Ginoux, Paul/0000-0003-3642-2988; Kahn, Ralph/0000-0002-5234-6359 NR 99 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 19 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 2 BP 209 EP 250 PG 42 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273CN UT WOS:000253908100004 ER PT J AU Quinn, PK Bates, TS Coffman, DJ Covert, DS AF Quinn, P. K. Bates, T. S. Coffman, D. J. Covert, D. S. TI Influence of particle size and chemistry on the cloud nucleating properties of aerosols SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID OXYGENATED ORGANIC AEROSOLS; LOWER FRASER VALLEY; MASS-SPECTROMETER; HYDROCARBON-LIKE; ART.; DISTRIBUTIONS; PARTICULATE; ACTIVATION; PARAMETERIZATION; POLLUTION AB The ability of an aerosol particle to act as a cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) is a function of the size of the particle, its composition and mixing state, and the supersaturation of the cloud. In-situ data from field studies provide a means to assess the relative importance of these parameters. During the 2006 Texas Air Quality - Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (TexAQS-GoMACCS), the NOAA RV Ronald H. Brown encountered a wide variety of aerosol types ranging from marine near the Florida panhandle to urban and industrial in the Houston-Galveston area. These varied sources provided an opportunity to investigate the role of aerosol sources and chemistry in the potential activation of particles to form cloud droplets. Measurements were made of CCN concentrations, aerosol chemical composition in the size range relevant for particle activation in warm clouds, and aerosol size distributions. Variability in aerosol composition was parameterized by the mass fraction of Hydrocarbon-like Organic Aerosol (HOA) for particle diameters less than 200 nm (vacuum aerodynamic). The HOA mass fraction in this size range was lowest for marine aerosol and highest for aerosol sampled close to anthropogenic sources. Combining all data from the experiment reveals that composition (defined by HOA mass fraction) explains 40% of the variance in the critical diameter for particle activation at the instrumental supersaturation (S) of 0.44%. Correlations between HOA mass fraction and aerosol mean diameter show that these two parameters are essentially independent of one another for this data set. We conclude that, based on the variability of the HOA mass fraction observed during TexAQS-GoMACCS, variability in particle composition played a significant role in determining the fraction of particles that could activate to form cloud droplets. Using a simple model based on Kohler theory and the assumption that HOA is insoluble, we estimate the degree to which calculated CCN concentrations are under- or overestimated if the variability in the HOA mass fraction that was observed during TexAQS-GoMACCS is neglected. The percent under- or overestimation in the CCN concentration is related to the source of the aerosol. Relative to the mean HOA mass fraction of 0.4 +/- 0.2 (average +/- 1 sigma standard deviation) for the entire experiment, CCN concentrations are underestimated by up to 50% (at 0.22% S) for aerosol sampled far from anthropogenic source regions as it had a lower HOA mass fraction and overestimated by up to 50% for organic-rich aerosol sampled near the source as it had a higher HOA mass fraction. C1 [Quinn, P. K.; Bates, T. S.; Coffman, D. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Covert, D. S.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Quinn, PK (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM patricia.k.quinn@noaa.gov RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 40 TC 61 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 24 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 1029 EP 1042 DI 10.5194/acp-8-1029-2008 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273CR UT WOS:000253908500015 ER PT J AU Kahn, BH Chahine, MT Stephens, GL Mace, GG Marchand, RT Wang, Z Barnet, CD Eldering, A Holz, RE Kuehn, RE Vane, DG AF Kahn, B. H. Chahine, M. T. Stephens, G. L. Mace, G. G. Marchand, R. T. Wang, Z. Barnet, C. D. Eldering, A. Holz, R. E. Kuehn, R. E. Vane, D. G. TI Cloud type comparisons of AIRS, CloudSat, and CALIPSO cloud height and amount SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-BALANCE; MISSION; CLIMATE; ISCCP; RETRIEVAL; VALIDATION; RESOLUTION; ECMWF; EARTH; LIDAR AB The precision of the two-layer cloud height fields derived from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) is explored and quantified for a five-day set of observations. Coincident profiles of vertical cloud structure by CloudSat, a 94 GHz profiling radar, and the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), are compared to AIRS for a wide range of cloud types. Bias and variability in cloud height differences are shown to have dependence on cloud type, height, and amount, as well as whether CloudSat or CALIPSO is used as the comparison standard. The CloudSat-AIRS biases and variability range from 4.3 to 0.5 +/- 1.2-3.6 km for all cloud types. Likewise, the CALIPSO-AIRS biases range from 0.6-3.0 +/- 1.2-3.6 km (-5.8 to -0.2 +/- 0.5-2.7 km) for clouds >= 7 km (<7 km). The upper layer of AIRS has the greatest sensitivity to Altocumulus, Altostratus, Cirrus, Cumulonimbus, and Nimbostratus, whereas the lower layer has the greatest sensitivity to Cumulus and Stratocumulus. Although the bias and variability generally decrease with increasing cloud amount, the ability of AIRS to constrain cloud occurrence, height, and amount is demonstrated across all cloud types for many geophysical conditions. In particular, skill is demonstrated for thin Cirrus, as well as some Cumulus and Stratocumulus, cloud types infrared sounders typically struggle to quantify. Furthermore, some improvements in the AIRS Version 5 operational retrieval algorithm are demonstrated. However, limitations in AIRS cloud retrievals are also revealed, including the existence of spurious Cirrus near the tropopause and low cloud layers within Cumulonimbus and Nimbostratus clouds. Likely causes of spurious clouds are identified and the potential for further improvement is discussed. C1 [Kahn, B. H.; Chahine, M. T.; Eldering, A.; Vane, D. G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Stephens, G. L.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Mace, G. G.] Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Marchand, R. T.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Wang, Z.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Barnet, C. D.] NOAA, NESDIS, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Holz, R. E.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI USA. [Kuehn, R. E.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. RP Kahn, BH (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. EM brian.h.kahn@jpl.nasa.gov RI Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Wang, Zhien/F-4857-2011 NR 55 TC 53 Z9 60 U1 5 U2 20 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1231 EP 1248 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273CS UT WOS:000253908600009 ER PT J AU Scherer, M Vomel, H Fueglistaler, S Oltmans, SJ Staehelin, J AF Scherer, M. Voemel, H. Fueglistaler, S. Oltmans, S. J. Staehelin, J. TI Trends and variability of midlatitude stratospheric water vapour deduced from the re-evaluated Boulder balloon series and HALOE SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID QUASI-BIENNIAL OSCILLATION; TROPOPAUSE TEMPERATURES; OCCULTATION EXPERIMENT; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; TROPICAL TROPOPAUSE; OZONE; TRANSPORT; CLIMATE; MODEL; AGE AB This paper presents an updated trend analysis of water vapour in the lower midlatitude stratosphere from the Boulder balloon-borne NOAA frostpoint hygrometer measurements and from the Halogen Occulation Experiment (HALOE). Two corrections for instrumental bias are applied to homogenise the frostpoint data series, and a quality assessment of all soundings after 1991 is presented. Linear trend estimates based on the corrected data for the period 1980-2000 are up to 40% lower than previously reported. Vertically resolved trends and variability are calculated with a multi regression analysis including the quasi-biennal oscillation and equivalent latitude as explanatory variables. In the range of 380 to 640 K potential temperature (approximate to 14 to 25 km), the frostpoint data from 1981 to 2006 show positive linear trends between 0.3 +/- 0.3 and 0.7 +/- 0.1%/yr. The same dataset shows trends between -0.2 +/- 0.3 and 1.0 +/- 0.3%/yr for the period 1992 to 2005. HALOE data over the same time period suggest negative trends ranging from -1.1 +/- 0.2 to -0.1 +/- 0.1%/yr. In the lower stratosphere, a rapid drop of water vapour is observed in 2000/2001 with little change since. At higher altitudes, the transition is more gradual, with slowly decreasing concentrations between 2001 and 2007. This pattern is consistent with a change induced by a drop of water concentrations at entry into the stratosphere. Previously noted differences in trends and variability between frostpoint and HALOE remain for the homogenised data. Due to uncertainties in reanalysis temperatures and stratospheric transport combined with uncertainties in observations, no quantitative inference about changes of water entering the stratosphere in the tropics could be made with the mid latitude measurements analysed here. C1 [Fueglistaler, S.] Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. [Scherer, M.; Staehelin, J.] ETH, Zurich, Switzerland. [Voemel, H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Voemel, H.; Oltmans, S. J.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Fueglistaler, S (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Cambridge, England. EM s.fueglistaler@damtp.cam.ac.uk RI Fueglistaler, Stephan/I-5803-2013 NR 43 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 0 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 1391 EP 1402 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 273CS UT WOS:000253908600020 ER PT J AU Steffen, A Douglas, T Amyot, M Ariya, P Aspmo, K Berg, T Bottenheim, J Brooks, S Cobbett, F Dastoor, A Dommergue, A Ebinghaus, R Ferrari, C Gardfeldt, K Goodsite, ME Lean, D Poulain, AJ Scherz, C Skov, H Sommar, J Temme, C AF Steffen, A. Douglas, T. Amyot, M. Ariya, P. Aspmo, K. Berg, T. Bottenheim, J. Brooks, S. Cobbett, F. Dastoor, A. Dommergue, A. Ebinghaus, R. Ferrari, C. Gardfeldt, K. Goodsite, M. E. Lean, D. Poulain, A. J. Scherz, C. Skov, H. Sommar, J. Temme, C. TI A synthesis of atmospheric mercury depletion event chemistry in the atmosphere and snow SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; RELAXED EDDY ACCUMULATION; DISSOLVED GASEOUS MERCURY; ARCTIC AIR-POLLUTION; DEPENDENT RATE COEFFICIENTS; IODINE-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS; 2-STAGE GOLD AMALGAMATION; PHASE ELEMENTAL MERCURY; TIME-SERIES ANALYSIS; GAS-PHASE AB It was discovered in 1995 that, during the spring time, unexpectedly low concentrations of gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) occurred in the Arctic air. This was surprising for a pollutant known to have a long residence time in the atmosphere; however conditions appeared to exist in the Arctic that promoted this depletion of mercury (Hg). This phenomenon is termed atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDEs) and its discovery has revolutionized our understanding of the cycling of Hg in Polar Regions while stimulating a significant amount of research to understand its impact to this fragile ecosystem. Shortly after the discovery was made in Canada, AMDEs were confirmed to occur throughout the Arctic, sub-Artic and Antarctic coasts. It is now known that, through a series of photochemically initiated reactions involving halogens, GEM is converted to a more reactive species and is subsequently associated to particles in the air and/or deposited to the polar environment. AMDEs are a means by which Hg is transferred from the atmosphere to the environment that was previously unknown. In this article we review Hg research taken place in Polar Regions pertaining to AMDEs, the methods used to collect Hg in different environmental media, research results of the current understanding of AMDEs from field, laboratory and modeling work, how Hg cycles around the environment after AMDEs, gaps in our current knowledge and the future impacts that AMDEs may have on polar environments. The research presented has shown that while considerable improvements in methodology to measure Hg have been made but the main limitation remains knowing the speciation of Hg in the various media. The processes that drive AMDEs and how they occur are discussed. As well, the role that the snow pack and the sea ice play in the cycling of Hg is presented. It has been found that deposition of Hg from AMDEs occurs at marine coasts and not far inland and that a fraction of the deposited Hg does not remain in the same form in the snow. Kinetic studies undertaken have demonstrated that bromine is the major oxidant depleting Hg in the atmosphere. Modeling results demonstrate that there is a significant deposition of Hg to Polar Regions as a result of AMDEs. Models have also shown that Hg is readily transported to the Arctic from source regions, at times during springtime when this environment is actively transforming Hg from the atmosphere to the snow and ice surfaces. The presence of significant amounts of methyl Hg in snow in the Arctic surrounding AMDEs is important because this species is the link between the environment and impacts to wildlife and humans. Further, much work on methylation and demethylation processes has occurred but these processes are not yet fully understood. Recent changes in the climate and sea ice cover in Polar Regions are likely to have strong effects on the cycling of Hg in this environment; however more research is needed to understand Hg processes in order to formulate meaningful predictions of these changes. C1 [Steffen, A.; Bottenheim, J.; Dastoor, A.] Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. [Steffen, A.; Ebinghaus, R.] Univ Luneburg, D-21335 Luneburg, Germany. [Douglas, T.] USA, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Ft Wainwright, AL USA. [Amyot, M.; Poulain, A. J.] Univ Montreal, Dept Sci Biol, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada. [Ariya, P.] McGill Univ, Dept Chem, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Ariya, P.] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Aspmo, K.; Berg, T.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, N-2027 Kjeller, Norway. [Berg, T.] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Brooks, S.] NOAA, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Cobbett, F.] Univ Guelph, Sch Engn, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Dommergue, A.; Ferrari, C.] Univ Grenoble 1, F-38041 Grenoble, France. [Ebinghaus, R.; Temme, C.] GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, Inst Coastal Res, Dept Environm Chem, D-21052 Geesthacht, Germany. [Gardfeldt, K.; Sommar, J.] Gothenburg Univ, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Gardfeldt, K.; Sommar, J.] Chalmers, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Goodsite, M. E.] Univ So Denmark, Dept Chem & Phys, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark. [Lean, D.] Univ Ottawa, Dept Biol, Ctr Adv Res Environm Genom, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada. [Skov, H.] Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Steffen, A (reprint author), Environm Canada, Air Qual Res Div, 4905 Dufferin St, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. EM alexandra.steffen@ec.gc.ca RI Amyot, Marc/A-7182-2008; Poulain, Alexandre/C-2136-2008; Poulain, Alexandre/C-1246-2009; Berg, Torunn/I-3521-2013; Mason, Robert/A-6829-2011; Ariya, Parisa/G-2810-2015; Dommergue, Aurelien/A-2829-2009; OI Skov, Henrik/0000-0003-1167-8696; Amyot, Marc/0000-0002-0340-3249; Berg, Torunn/0000-0002-2264-6676; Dommergue, Aurelien/0000-0002-8185-9604; /0000-0002-5161-9597; Goodsite, Michael/0000-0002-4565-6607 NR 269 TC 196 Z9 205 U1 5 U2 106 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1445 EP 1482 PG 38 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280HN UT WOS:000254416700001 ER PT J AU Quinn, PK Bates, TS Baum, E Doubleday, N Fiore, AM Flanner, M Fridlind, A Garrett, TJ Koch, D Menon, S Shindell, D Stohl, A Warren, SG AF Quinn, P. K. Bates, T. S. Baum, E. Doubleday, N. Fiore, A. M. Flanner, M. Fridlind, A. Garrett, T. J. Koch, D. Menon, S. Shindell, D. Stohl, A. Warren, S. G. TI Short-lived pollutants in the Arctic: their climate impact and possible mitigation strategies SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID METHANE EMISSION; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; AIR-POLLUTION; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; AEROSOLS; MODELS; TRENDS; TRANSPORT; HAZE; SENSITIVITY AB Several short-lived pollutants known to impact Arctic climate may be contributing to the accelerated rates of warming observed in this region relative to the global annually averaged temperature increase. Here, we present a summary of the short-lived pollutants that impact Arctic climate including methane, tropospheric ozone, and tropospheric aerosols. For each pollutant, we provide a description of the major sources and the mechanism of forcing. We also provide the first seasonally averaged forcing and corresponding temperature response estimates focused specifically on the Arctic. The calculations indicate that the forcings due to black carbon, methane, and tropospheric ozone lead to a positive surface temperature response indicating the need to reduce emissions of these species within and outside the Arctic. Additional aerosol species may also lead to surface warming if the aerosol is coincident with thin, low lying clouds. We suggest strategies for reducing the warming based on current knowledge and discuss directions for future research to address the large remaining uncertainties. C1 [Quinn, P. K.; Bates, T. S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Baum, E.] Clean Air Task Force, Boston, MA USA. [Doubleday, N.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Flanner, M.] NCAR, Adv Study Program, Boulder, CO USA. [Fridlind, A.; Koch, D.; Shindell, D.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Garrett, T. J.] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Menon, S.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Warren, S. G.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Quinn, PK (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM patricia.k.quinn@noaa.gov RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Flanner, Mark/C-6139-2011; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Fridlind, Ann/E-1495-2012; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Flanner, Mark/0000-0003-4012-174X; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 80 TC 148 Z9 155 U1 1 U2 35 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1723 EP 1735 DI 10.5194/acp-8-1723-2008 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280HN UT WOS:000254416700019 ER PT J AU Michalsky, JJ Kiedron, PW AF Michalsky, J. J. Kiedron, P. W. TI Comparison of UV-RSS spectral measurements and TUV model runs for clear skies for the May 2003 ARM aerosol intensive observation period SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SOLAR IRRADIANCE; SURFACE; SCATTERING; ACCURACY AB The first successful deployment of the fully-operational ultraviolet rotating shadow-band spectroradiometer occurred during the May 2003 US Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program's Aerosol Intensive Observation Period. The aerosol properties in the visible range were characterized using redundant measurements with several instruments to determine the column aerosol optical depth, the single scattering albedo, and the asymmetry parameter needed as input for radiative transfer calculations of the downwelling direct normal and diffuse horizontal solar irradiance in clear-sky conditions. The Tropospheric Ultraviolet and Visible (TUV) radiative transfer model developed by Madronich and his colleagues at the US National Center for Atmospheric Research was used for the calculations of the spectral irradiance between 300-360 nm. Since there are few ultraviolet measurements of aerosol properties, most of the input aerosol data for the radiative transfer model are based on the assumption that UV input parameters can be extrapolated from the visible portion of the spectrum. Disagreements among available extraterrestrial spectra, which are discussed briefly, suggested that instead of comparing irradiances, measured and modeled spectral transmittances between 300-360 nm should be compared for the seven cases studied. Transmittance was calculated by taking the ratios of the measured irradiances to the Langley-derived, top-of-the-atmosphere irradiances. The cases studied included low to moderate aerosol loads and low to high solar-zenith angles. A procedure for retrieving single scattering albedo in the ultraviolet based on the comparisons of direct and diffuse transmittance is outlined. C1 [Michalsky, J. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Kiedron, P. W.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Michalsky, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM joseph.michalsky@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 6 BP 1813 EP 1821 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280HN UT WOS:000254416700024 ER PT J AU Heald, CL Goldstein, AH Allan, JD Aiken, AC Apel, E Atlas, EL Baker, AK Bates, TS Beyersdorf, AJ Blake, DR Campos, T Coe, H Crounse, JD DeCarlo, PF de Gouw, JA Dunlea, EJ Flocke, FM Fried, A Goldan, P Griffin, RJ Herndon, SC Holloway, JS Holzinger, R Jimenez, JL Junkermann, W Kuster, WC Lewis, AC Meinardi, S Millet, DB Onasch, T Polidori, A Quinn, PK Riemer, DD Roberts, JM Salcedo, D Sive, B Swanson, AL Talbot, R Warneke, C Weber, RJ Weibring, P Wennberg, PO Worsnop, DR Wittig, AE Zhang, R Zheng, J Zheng, W AF Heald, C. L. Goldstein, A. H. Allan, J. D. Aiken, A. C. Apel, E. Atlas, E. L. Baker, A. K. Bates, T. S. Beyersdorf, A. J. Blake, D. R. Campos, T. Coe, H. Crounse, J. D. DeCarlo, P. F. de Gouw, J. A. Dunlea, E. J. Flocke, F. M. Fried, A. Goldan, P. Griffin, R. J. Herndon, S. C. Holloway, J. S. Holzinger, R. Jimenez, J. L. Junkermann, W. Kuster, W. C. Lewis, A. C. Meinardi, S. Millet, D. B. Onasch, T. Polidori, A. Quinn, P. K. Riemer, D. D. Roberts, J. M. Salcedo, D. Sive, B. Swanson, A. L. Talbot, R. Warneke, C. Weber, R. J. Weibring, P. Wennberg, P. O. Worsnop, D. R. Wittig, A. E. Zhang, R. Zheng, J. Zheng, W. TI Total observed organic carbon (TOOC) in the atmosphere: a synthesis of North American observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID REACTION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AIR-QUALITY; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; NEW-ENGLAND; IN-SITU; AEROSOL; FORMALDEHYDE; EMISSIONS; TROPOSPHERE; PITTSBURGH AB Measurements of organic carbon compounds in both the gas and particle phases made upwind, over and downwind of North America are synthesized to examine the total observed organic carbon (TOOC) in the atmosphere over this region. These include measurements made aboard the NOAA WP-3 and BAe-146 aircraft, the NOAA research vessel Ronald H. Brown, and at the Thompson Farm and Chebogue Point surface sites during the summer 2004 ICARTT campaign. Both winter and summer 2002 measurements during the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study are also included. Lastly, the spring 2002 observations at Trinidad Head, CA, surface measurements made in March 2006 in Mexico City and coincidentally aboard the C-130 aircraft during the MILAGRO campaign and later during the IMPEX campaign off the northwestern United States are incorporated. Concentrations of TOOC in these datasets span more than two orders of magnitude. The daytime mean TOOC ranges from 4.0 to 456 mu gCm(-3) from the cleanest site (Trinidad Head) to the most polluted (Mexico City). Organic aerosol makes up 3-17% of this mean TOOC, with highest fractions reported over the northeastern United States, where organic aerosol can comprise up to 50% of TOOC. Carbon monoxide concentrations explain 46 to 86% of the variability in TOOC, with highest TOOC/CO slopes in regions with fresh anthropogenic influence, where we also expect the highest degree of mass closure for TOOC. Correlation with isoprene, formaldehyde, methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein also indicates that biogenic activity contributes substantially to the variability of TOOC, yet these tracers of biogenic oxidation sources do not explain the variability in organic aerosol observed over North America. We highlight the critical need to develop measurement techniques to routinely detect total gas phase VOCs, and to deploy comprehensive suites of TOOC instruments in diverse environments to quantify the ambient evolution of organic carbon from source to sink. C1 [Heald, C. L.; Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci & Policy Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Allan, J. D.; Coe, H.] Univ Manchester, Sch Earth Atmospher & Environm Sci, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Aiken, A. C.; DeCarlo, P. F.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Apel, E.; Campos, T.; Flocke, F. M.; Fried, A.; Weibring, P.; Zheng, W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Atlas, E. L.; Riemer, D. D.] Univ Miami, Div Marine & Atmospher Chem, RSMAS, Miami, FL 33152 USA. [Baker, A. K.; Beyersdorf, A. J.; Blake, D. R.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92717 USA. [Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. [Crounse, J. D.; Wennberg, P. O.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Aiken, A. C.; DeCarlo, P. F.; Dunlea, E. J.; Jimenez, J. L.; Warneke, C.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Goldan, P.; Holloway, J. S.; Kuster, W. C.; Roberts, J. M.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Griffin, R. J.; Sive, B.; Talbot, R.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH USA. [Herndon, S. C.; Onasch, T.; Worsnop, D. R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Holzinger, R.] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res IMAU, Utrecht, Netherlands. [Junkermann, W.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Lewis, A. C.] Univ York, Dept Chem, Heslington, Yorks, England. [Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Polidori, A.] Univ So Calif, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Swanson, A. L.] Northrop Grumman Space Technol, Dept Chem Technol, Redondo Beach, CA USA. [Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wittig, A. E.] CUNY City Coll, Dept Civil Engn, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Zhang, R.; Zheng, J.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX USA. RP Heald, CL (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM heald@atmos.berkeley.edu RI Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Crounse, John/C-3700-2014; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Wennberg, Paul/A-5460-2012; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Allan, James/B-1160-2010; Junkermann, Wolfgang/A-7416-2013; Coe, Hugh/C-8733-2013; Beyersdorf, Andreas/N-1247-2013; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014; Lewis, Alastair/A-6721-2008; Zhang, Renyi/A-2942-2011; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Baker, Angela /A-1666-2011; Heald, Colette/A-6813-2011; Zheng, Jun/E-6772-2010; Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; DeCarlo, Peter/B-2118-2008; Salcedo, Dara/B-7338-2008; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Aiken, Allison/B-9659-2009; Holzinger, Rupert/C-9160-2009; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Crounse, John/E-4622-2011 OI Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Crounse, John/0000-0001-5443-729X; Baker, Angela K./0000-0001-7845-422X; Junkermann, Wolfgang/0000-0002-7461-3024; Coe, Hugh/0000-0002-3264-1713; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Allan, James/0000-0001-6492-4876; Lewis, Alastair/0000-0002-4075-3651; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; DeCarlo, Peter/0000-0001-6385-7149; Salcedo, Dara/0000-0002-6923-111X; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Aiken, Allison/0000-0001-5749-7626; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; NR 97 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 4 U2 42 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 7 BP 2007 EP 2025 DI 10.5194/acp-8-2007-2008 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 288BI UT WOS:000254960800010 ER PT J AU Tressol, M Ordonez, C Zbinden, R Brioude, J Thouret, V Mari, C Nedelec, P Cammas, JP Smit, H Patz, HW Volz-Thomas, A AF Tressol, M. Ordonez, C. Zbinden, R. Brioude, J. Thouret, V. Mari, C. Nedelec, P. Cammas, J. -P Smit, H. Patz, H. -W Volz-Thomas, A. TI Air pollution during the 2003 European heat wave as seen by MOZAIC airliners SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION MODEL FLEXPART; IN-SERVICE AIRCRAFT; FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; SYNOPTIC CONDITIONS; AIRBORNE PROGRAM; OZONE; EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; PHOTOCHEMISTRY AB This study presents an analysis of both MOZAIC profiles above Frankfurt and Lagrangian dispersion model simulations for the 2003 European heat wave. The comparison of MOZAIC measurements in summer 2003 with the 11-year MOZAIC climatology reflects strong temperature anomalies (exceeding 4 degrees C) throughout the lower troposphere. Higher positive anomalies of temperature and negative anomalies of both wind speed and relative humidity are found for the period defined here as the heat wave (2-14 August 2003), compared to the periods before (16-31 July 2003) and after (16-31 August 2003) the heat wave. In addition, Lagrangian model simulations in backward mode indicate the suppressed long- range transport in the mid- to lower troposphere and the enhanced southern origin of air masses for all tropospheric levels during the heat wave. Ozone and carbon monoxide also present strong anomalies (both similar to+ 40 ppbv) during the heat wave, with a maximum vertical extension reaching 6 km altitude around 11 August 2003. Pollution in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) is enhanced during the day, with ozone mixing ratios two times higher than climatological values. This is due to a combination of factors, such as high temperature and radiation, stagnation of air masses and weak dry deposition, which favour the accumulation of ozone precursors and the build-up of ozone. A negligible role of a stratospheric- origin ozone tracer has been found for the lower troposphere in this study. From 29 July to 15 August 2003 forest fires burnt around 0.3 x 10(6) ha in Portugal and added to atmospheric pollution in Europe. Layers with enhanced CO and NOy mixing ratios, advected from Portugal, were crossed by the MOZAIC aircraft in the free troposphere over Frankfurt. A series of forward and backward Lagrangian model simulations have been performed to investigate the origin of anomalies during the whole heat wave. European anthropogenic emissions present the strongest contribution to the measured CO levels in the lower troposphere (near 30%). This source is followed by Portuguese forest fires which affect the lower troposphere after 6 August 2003 and even the PBL around 10 August 2003. The averaged biomass burning contribution reaches 35% during the affected period. Anthropogenic CO of North American origin only marginally influences CO levels over Europe during that period. C1 [Tressol, M.; Ordonez, C.; Zbinden, R.; Thouret, V.; Mari, C.; Nedelec, P.; Cammas, J. -P] Univ Toulouse, CNRS, UMR 5560, Lab Aerol, F-31400 Toulouse, France. [Brioude, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Smit, H.; Patz, H. -W; Volz-Thomas, A.] Forschungszentrum Julich, Inst Chem & Dynam Geosphare 2, Julich, Germany. RP Tressol, M (reprint author), Univ Toulouse, CNRS, UMR 5560, Lab Aerol, 14 Ave E Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France. EM marc.tressol@aero.obs-mip.fr RI Ordonez, Carlos/F-1450-2016; Brioude, Jerome/E-4629-2011; Smit, Herman/J-2397-2012; Volz-Thomas, Andreas/J-7223-2012 OI Ordonez, Carlos/0000-0003-2990-0195; Smit, Herman/0000-0002-2268-4189; Volz-Thomas, Andreas/0000-0003-3700-1667 NR 55 TC 48 Z9 51 U1 2 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2133 EP 2150 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295YS UT WOS:000255511300001 ER PT J AU Duncan, BN West, JJ Yoshida, Y Fiore, AM Ziemke, JR AF Duncan, B. N. West, J. J. Yoshida, Y. Fiore, A. M. Ziemke, J. R. TI The influence of European pollution on ozone in the Near East and northern Africa SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MARINE BOUNDARY-LAYER; ORGANIC-COMPOUND EMISSIONS; LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; AIR-POLLUTION; UNITED-STATES; SURFACE OZONE; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ASIAN EMISSIONS; HEALTH-BENEFITS; DAILY MORTALITY AB We present a modeling study of the long-range transport of pollution from Europe, showing that European emissions regularly elevate surface ozone by as much as 20 ppbv in summer in northern Africa and the Near East. European emissions cause 50-150 additional violations per year (i.e. above those that would occur without European pollution) of the European health standard for ozone (8-h average > 120 mu g/m(3) or similar to 60 ppbv) in northern Africa and the Near East. We estimate that European ozone pollution is responsible for 50 000 premature mortalities globally each year, of which the majority occurs outside of Europe itself, including 37% (19 000) in northern Africa and the Near East. Much of the pollution from Europe is exported southward at low altitudes in summer to the Mediterranean Sea, northern Africa and the Near East, regions with favorable photochemical environments for ozone production. Our results suggest that assessments of the human health benefits of reducing ozone precursor emissions in Europe should include effects outside of Europe, and that comprehensive planning to improve air quality in northern Africa and the Near East likely needs to address European emissions. C1 [Duncan, B. N.; Yoshida, Y.; Ziemke, J. R.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [West, J. J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Chapel Hill, NC USA. [Fiore, A. M.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Duncan, B. N.; Yoshida, Y.; Ziemke, J. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospher Chem & Dynam Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Duncan, BN (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. EM bryan.n.duncan@nasa.gov RI Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; West, Jason/J-2322-2015 OI West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987 NR 85 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 6 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 8 BP 2267 EP 2283 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295YS UT WOS:000255511300009 ER PT J AU Murphy, DM Capps, SL Daniel, JS Frost, GJ White, WH AF Murphy, D. M. Capps, S. L. Daniel, J. S. Frost, G. J. White, W. H. TI Weekly patterns of aerosol in the United States SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PHOTOCHEMICAL AIR-POLLUTION; MOTOR-VEHICLE EMISSIONS; PARTICULATE MATTER; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; CALIFORNIA; WEEKDAY; VARIABILITY; CALIBRATION; PARTICLES AB Data from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network of aerosol samplers and NOAA monitoring sites are examined for weekly cycles. At remote and rural sites, fine particle elemental carbon, crustal elements, and coarse particle mass had pronounced (up to 20%) weekly cycles with minima on Sunday or Monday. Fine particle organic carbon and mass had smaller amplitude cycles, also with Sunday or Monday minima. There was no statistically significant weekly cycle in fine particle sulfate despite a 5 to 15% weekly cycle in power plant SO2 emissions. Although results for nitrate may be more susceptible to sampling artifacts, nitrate also showed a pronounced weekly cycle with an amplitude similar to elemental carbon. The only species found with a weekend maximum was Pb, probably from general aviation on weekends. Aerosol optical properties at NOAA monitoring sites were consistent with the IMPROVE chemical data, with significant weekly cycles in aerosol light absorption but not light scattering. These results support a large role of diesel emissions in elemental carbon aerosol over the entire United States and suggest that a large fraction of the airborne soil dust is anthropogenic. They also suggest that studies of weekly cycles in temperature, cloudiness, precipitation, or other meteorological variables should look for causes more in light-absorbing particles and possible ice nucleation by dust rather than sulfate or total aerosol. There are also implications for personal exposure and epidemiological studies of aerosol health effects. C1 [Murphy, D. M.; Capps, S. L.; Daniel, J. S.; Frost, G. J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Capps, S. L.] Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN 37240 USA. [Frost, G. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [White, W. H.] Univ Calif Davis, Crocker Nucl Lab, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Murphy, DM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM daniel.m.murphy@noaa.gov RI Daniel, John/D-9324-2011; Murphy, Daniel/J-4357-2012; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Capps, Shannon/E-5602-2017; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Murphy, Daniel/0000-0002-8091-7235; Capps, Shannon/0000-0002-6872-6604; White, Warren H/0000-0001-7323-7867 NR 36 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 10 BP 2729 EP 2739 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 307AM UT WOS:000256289900009 ER PT J AU Salzmann, M Lawrence, MG Phillips, VTJ Donner, LJ AF Salzmann, M. Lawrence, M. G. Phillips, V. T. J. Donner, L. J. TI Cloud system resolving model study of the roles of deep convection for photo-chemistry in the TOGA COARE/CEPEX region SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; CHEMICAL-TRANSPORT MODELS; TRACE GAS-TRANSPORT; PACIFIC-OCEAN; OZONE BUDGET; COARE; NOX; CHEMISTRY; DISTRIBUTIONS; PARAMETERIZATION AB A cloud system resolving model including photo-chemistry (CSRMC) has been developed based on a prototype version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model and is used to study influences of deep convection on chemistry in the TOGA COARE/CEPEX region. Lateral boundary conditions for trace gases are prescribed from global chemistry-transport simulations, and the vertical advection of trace gases by large scale dynamics, which is not reproduced in a limited area cloud system resolving model, is taken into account. The influences of deep convective transport and of lightning on NO(x), O(3), and HO(x)(=HO(2)+OH), in the vicinity of the deep convective systems are investigated in a 7-day 3-D 248x248 km(2) horizontal domain simulation and several 2-D sensitivity runs with a 500 km horizontal domain. Mid-tropospheric entrainment is more important on average for the upward transport of O(3) in the 3-D run than in the 2-D runs, but at the same time undiluted O(3)-poor air from the marine boundary layer reaches the upper troposphere more frequently in the 3-D run than in the 2-D runs, indicating the presence of undiluted convective cores. In all runs, in situ lightning is found to have only minor impacts on the local O(3) budget. Near zero O(3) volume mixing ratios due to the reaction with lightning-produced NO are only simulated in a 2-D sensitivity run with an extremely high number of NO molecules per flash, which is outside the range of current estimates. The fraction of NO(x) chemically lost within the domain varies between 20 and 24% in the 2-D runs, but is negligible in the 3-D run, in agreement with a lower average NO(x) concentration in the 3-D run despite a greater number of flashes. Stratosphere to troposphere transport of O(3) is simulated to occur episodically in thin filaments in the 2-D runs, but on average net upward transport of O(3) from below similar to 16 km is simulated in association with mean large scale ascent in the region. Ozone profiles in the TOGA COARE/CEPEX region are suggested to be strongly influenced by the intra-seasonal (Madden-Julian) oscillation. C1 [Salzmann, M.; Lawrence, M. G.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Phillips, V. T. J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Donner, L. J.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Salzmann, M (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Atmospher Chem, POB 3060, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. EM salzmann@mpch-mainz.mpg.de RI Salzmann, Marc/N-2229-2014 OI Salzmann, Marc/0000-0002-3987-2303 NR 68 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 8 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 10 BP 2741 EP 2757 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 307AM UT WOS:000256289900010 ER PT J AU Anderson, PS Neff, WD AF Anderson, P. S. Neff, W. D. TI Boundary layer physics over snow and ice SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-POLE; BLOWING-SNOW; COASTAL ANTARCTICA; FIRN VENTILATION; ISCAT 2000; GREENLAND; OZONE; SURFACE; SUMMIT; AIR AB Observations of the unique chemical environment over snow and ice in recent decades, particularly in the polar regions. have stimulated increasing interest in the boundary layer processes that mediate exchanges between the ice/snow interface and the atmosphere. This paper provides a review of the underlying concepts and examples from recent field studies in polar boundary layer meteorology, which will generally apply to atmospheric flow over snow and ice surfaces. It forms a companion paper to the chemistry review papers in this special issue of ACP that focus on processes linking halogens to the depletion of boundary layer ozone in coastal environments, mercury transport and deposition, snow photochemistry, and related snow physics. In this context, observational approaches, stable boundary layer behavior, the effects of a weak or absent diurnal cycle, and transport and mixing over the heterogeneous surfaces characteristic of coastal ocean environments are of particular relevance. C1 [Anderson, P. S.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Neff, W. D.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Anderson, PS (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM philip.s.anderson@bas.ac.uk RI Neff, William/E-2725-2010 OI Neff, William/0000-0003-4047-7076 NR 78 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 2 U2 17 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 13 BP 3563 EP 3582 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 324KF UT WOS:000257516800011 ER PT J AU Liu, J Mauzerall, DL Horowitz, LW AF Liu, J. Mauzerall, D. L. Horowitz, L. W. TI Source-receptor relationships between East Asian sulfur dioxide emissions and Northern Hemisphere sulfate concentrations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; SO2 EMISSIONS; TRANSPORT; PARTICLES; PATHWAYS; AEROSOLS; MODEL; US; MORTALITY AB We analyze the effect of varying East Asian (EA) sulfur emissions on sulfate concentrations in the Northern Hemisphere, using a global coupled oxidant-aerosol model (MOZART-2). We conduct a base and five sensitivity simulations, in which sulfur emissions from each continent are tagged, to establish the source-receptor (S-R) relationship between EA sulfur emissions and sulfate concentrations over source and downwind regions. We find that from west to east across the North Pacific, EA sulfate contributes approximately 80%-20% of sulfate at the surface, but at least 50% at 500 hPa. Surface sulfate concentrations are dominated by local anthropogenic sources. Of the sulfate produced from sources other than local anthropogenic emissions (defined here as " background" sulfate), EA sources account for approximately 30%-50% (over the Western US) and 10% 20% (over the Eastern US). The surface concentrations of sulfate from EA sources over the Western US are highest in MAM (up to 0.15 mu g/m(3)), and lowest in DJF (less than 0.06 mu g/m(3)). Reducing EA SO2 emissions will significantly decrease the spatial extent of the EA sulfate influence (represented by the areas where at least 0.1 mu g m(-3) of sulfate originates from EA) over the North Pacific both at the surface and at 500 hPa in all seasons, but the extent of influence is insensitive to emission increases, particularly in DJF and JJA. We find that EA sulfate concentrations over most downwind regions respond nearly linearly to changes in EA SO2 emissions, but sulfate concentrations over the EA source region increase more slowly than SO2 emissions, particularly at the surface and in winter, due to limited availability of oxidants (in particular of H2O2, which oxidizes SO2 to sulfate in the aqueous phase). We find that similar estimates of the S-R relationship for trans-Pacific transport of EA sulfate would be obtained using either sensitivity ( i. e., varying emissions from a region to examine the effects on downwind concentrations) or tagging techniques. Our findings suggest that future changes in EA sulfur emissions may cause little change in the sulfate-induced health impact over downwind continents. However, SO2 emission reductions may significantly reduce the sulfate concentrations and the resulting negative radiative forcing over the North Pacific and the United States, thus providing a warming tendency. C1 [Liu, J.; Mauzerall, D. L.] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Horowitz, L. W.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Liu, J (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM jliu@princeton.edu RI Mauzerall, Denise/I-5977-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014 OI Mauzerall, Denise/0000-0003-3479-1798; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314 NR 43 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 3 U2 10 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 14 BP 3721 EP 3733 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333IP UT WOS:000258146500001 ER PT J AU Koren, I Oreopoulos, L Feingold, G Remer, LA Altaratz, O AF Koren, I. Oreopoulos, L. Feingold, G. Remer, L. A. Altaratz, O. TI How small is a small cloud? SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS; TRADE-WIND CUMULI; OPTICAL-THICKNESS; SATELLITE DATA; AEROSOL; DISTRIBUTIONS; STATISTICS; RESOLUTION AB The interplay between clouds and aerosols and their contribution to the radiation budget is one of the largest uncertainties of climate change. Most work to date has separated cloudy and cloud-free areas in order to evaluate the individual radiative forcing of aerosols, clouds, and aerosol effects on clouds. Here we examine the size distribution and the optical properties of small, sparse cumulus clouds and the associated optical properties of what is considered a cloud-free atmosphere within the cloud field. We show that any separation between clouds and cloud free atmosphere will incur errors in the calculated radiative forcing. The nature of small cumulus cloud size distributions suggests that at any resolution, a significant fraction of the clouds are missed, and their optical properties are relegated to the apparent cloud-free optical properties. At the same time, the cloudy portion incorporates significant contribution from non-cloudy pixels. We show that the largest contribution to the total cloud reflectance comes from the smallest clouds and that the spatial resolution changes the apparent energy flux of a broken cloudy scene. When changing the resolution from 30 m to 1 km (Landsat to MODIS) the average 'cloud-free' reflectance at 1.65 mu m increases from 0.0095 to 0.0115 (>20%), the cloud reflectance decreases from 0.13 to 0.066 (similar to 50%), and the cloud coverage doubles, resulting in an important impact on climate forcing estimations. The apparent aerosol forcing is on the order of 0.5 to 1 Wm(-2) per cloud field. C1 [Koren, I.; Altaratz, O.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Oreopoulos, L.] Univ Maryland, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Oreopoulos, L.; Remer, L. A.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Koren, I (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Environm Sci, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM ilan.koren@weizmann.ac.il RI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/E-5868-2012; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Koren, Ilan/K-1417-2012 OI Oreopoulos, Lazaros/0000-0001-6061-6905; Koren, Ilan/0000-0001-6759-6265 NR 23 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 12 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 14 BP 3855 EP 3864 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333IP UT WOS:000258146500010 ER PT J AU Anderson, PS Neff, WD AF Anderson, P. S. Neff, W. D. TI Boundary layer physics over snow and ice (vol 8, pg 3563, 2008) SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Correction AB No abstract available. C1 [Anderson, P. S.] British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Neff, W. D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Anderson, PS (reprint author), British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. EM philip.s.anderson@bas.ac.uk NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 14 BP 4115 EP 4115 PG 1 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333IP UT WOS:000258146500031 ER PT J AU Atkinson, R Baulch, DL Cox, RA Crowley, JN Hampson, RF Hynes, RG Jenkin, ME Rossi, MJ Troe, J Wallington, TJ AF Atkinson, R. Baulch, D. L. Cox, R. A. Crowley, J. N. Hampson, R. F. Hynes, R. G. Jenkin, M. E. Rossi, M. J. Troe, J. Wallington, T. J. TI Evaluated kinetic and photochemical data for atmospheric chemistry: Volume IV - gas phase reactions of organic halogen species SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Review ID ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS; PHOTOFRAGMENT TRANSLATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY; EXTENDED TEMPERATURE-RANGE; PHOTOLYSIS RESONANCE FLUORESCENCE; LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; ABSOLUTE RATE CONSTANTS; RELATIVE RATE MEASUREMENTS; PRODUCT BRANCHING RATIOS; ATOM-INITIATED OXIDATION; SELF-REACTION KINETICS AB This article, the fourth in the series, presents kinetic and photochemical data sheets evaluated by the IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation for Atmospheric Chemistry. It covers the gas phase and photochemical reactions of organic halogen species, which were last published in 1997, and were updated on the IUPAC website in 2006/07. The article consists of a summary sheet, containing the recommended kinetic parameters for the evaluated reactions, and four appendices containing the data sheets, which provide information upon which the recommendations are made. C1 [Cox, R. A.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EP, England. [Atkinson, R.] Univ Calif Riverside, Air Pollut Res Ctr, Riverside, CA 92521 USA. [Baulch, D. L.] Univ Leeds, Sch Chem, Leeds LS2 9JT, W Yorkshire, England. [Crowley, J. N.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Div Atmospher Chem, D-55020 Mainz, Germany. [Hampson, R. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, US Dept Commerce, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hynes, R. G.] Lucas Hts Sci & Technol Ctr, CSIRO Energy Technol, Bangor, NSW 2234, Australia. [Jenkin, M. E.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Environm Sci & Technol, Ascot SL5 7PY, Berks, England. [Rossi, M. J.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, ENAC, LPAS, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Troe, J.] Univ Gottingen, Inst Phys Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Wallington, T. J.] Ford Motor Co, Res & Adv Engn, Dearborn, MI 48121 USA. RP Cox, RA (reprint author), Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Lensfield Rd, Cambridge CB2 1EP, England. EM rac26@cam.ac.uk RI ROSSI, Michel J./C-7878-2013 OI ROSSI, Michel J./0000-0003-3504-695X NR 459 TC 102 Z9 105 U1 11 U2 69 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 15 BP 4141 EP 4496 PG 356 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333IQ UT WOS:000258146600001 ER PT J AU Hulsen, G Grobner, J Bais, A Blumthaler, M Disterhoft, P Johnsen, B Lantz, KO Meleti, C Schreder, J Vilaplana Guerrero, JM Ylianttila, L AF Huelsen, G. Groebner, J. Bais, A. Blumthaler, M. Disterhoft, P. Johnsen, B. Lantz, K. O. Meleti, C. Schreder, J. Vilaplana Guerrero, J. M. Ylianttila, L. TI Intercomparison of erythemal broadband radiometers calibrated by seven UV calibration facilities in Europe and the USA SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID IRRADIANCE; SPECTRORADIOMETER AB A bi-lateral intercomparison of erythemal broadband radiometers was performed between seven UV calibration facilities. The calibrations provided by the instruments owners were compared relative to the characterisation and calibration performed at PMOD/WRC in Davos, Switzerland. The calibration consisted in the determination of the spectral and angular response of the radiometer, followed by an absolute calibration performed outdoors relative to a spectroradiometer which provided the absolute reference. The characterization of the detectors in the respective laboratories are in good agreement: The determinations of the angular responses have deviations below +/- 4% and the spectral responses agree within +/- 20%. A 'blind' intercomparison of the erythemally weighted irradiances derived by the respective institutes and PMOD/WRC showed consistent measurements to within +/- 2% for the majority of institutes. One institute showed slightly larger deviation of 10%. The differences found between the different instrument calibrations are all within the combined uncertainty of the calibration. C1 [Huelsen, G.; Groebner, J.] Phys Meteorol Observ Davos World Radiat Ctr, CH-7278 Davos, Switzerland. [Bais, A.; Meleti, C.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, Lab Atmospher Phys, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece. [Blumthaler, M.] Innsbruck Med Univ, Div Biomed Phys, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria. [Disterhoft, P.; Lantz, K. O.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cent UV Calibrat Facil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Johnsen, B.] Norwegian Radiat Protect Author, N-1361 Osteras, Norway. [Schreder, J.] CMS Ing Dr Schreder GmbH, A-6322 Kirchbichl, Austria. [Vilaplana Guerrero, J. M.] Inst Nacl Tecn Aeroespacial, Estac Sondeos Atmosfer El Arenosillo, Mazagon 21130, Spain. [Ylianttila, L.] STUK, Radiat & Nucl Safety Author, Nonionizing Radiat Lab, Helsinki 00881, Finland. RP Hulsen, G (reprint author), Phys Meteorol Observ Davos World Radiat Ctr, Dorfstr 30, CH-7278 Davos, Switzerland. EM gregor.huelsen@pmodwrc.ch RI Bais, Alkiviadis/D-2230-2009 OI Bais, Alkiviadis/0000-0003-3899-2001 FU European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST) [C05.0068] FX The instrumentation of the UV Center at PMOD/WRC is made available by the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission in Ispra under the cooperation agreement 2004-SOCP-22187. G. Hulsen acknowledges support from the European Cooperation in the field of Scientific and Technical Research (COST), SBF No. C05.0068. Many thanks also to C. Wilson from CUCF for laboratory measurements of the YES UVB-1 000904. NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 16 BP 4865 EP 4875 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 343OR UT WOS:000258863900026 ER PT J AU Ge, J Huang, J Weng, F Sun, W AF Ge, J. Huang, J. Weng, F. Sun, W. TI Effects of dust storms on microwave radiation based on satellite observation and model simulation over the Taklamakan desert SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISCRETE-ORDINATE METHOD; VOLCANIC ASH CLOUDS; SCATTERING ATMOSPHERE; AEROSOLS; RETRIEVAL AB Effects of dust particles on microwave radiation over the Taklamakan desert are studied with use of measurements from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR-E) on the EOS Aqua satellite and a microwave radiation transfer model. Eight observed cases show that the signal from atmospheric dust can be separated from the surface radiation by the fact that the dust particles produce stronger scattering at high frequencies and depolarize the background desert signature. This result of satellite data is consistent with the model simulation. C1 [Ge, J.; Huang, J.] Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. [Weng, F.] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Sun, W.] Hampton Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Hampton, VA 23668 USA. RP Huang, J (reprint author), Lanzhou Univ, Coll Atmospher Sci, Lanzhou 730000, Peoples R China. EM hjp@lzu.edu.cn RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 FU National Science Foundation of China [40725015, 40633017] FX This research is supported by National Science Foundation of China under grant (40725015 and 40633017) The MODIS and AMSR-E microwave data were obtained from the NASA Earth Observing System Data and Information System, Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) at the GSFC. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 16 BP 4903 EP 4909 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 343OR UT WOS:000258863900029 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, SM Miller, JB Vaughn, BH White, JWC Bowling, DR AF Schaeffer, S. M. Miller, J. B. Vaughn, B. H. White, J. W. C. Bowling, D. R. TI Long-term field performance of a tunable diode laser absorption spectrometer for analysis of carbon isotopes of CO2 in forest air SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SUB-ALPINE FOREST; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; LEAF-RESPIRED CO2; STABLE-ISOTOPE; HIGH-PRECISION; HIGH-ELEVATION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SAMPLING NETWORK; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; NITROUS-OXIDE AB Tunable diode laser absorption spectrometry (TDLAS) is gaining in popularity for measuring the mole fraction [CO2] and stable isotopic composition (delta C-13) of carbon dioxide (CO2) in air in studies of biosphere-atmosphere gas exchange. Here we present a detailed examination of the performance of a commercially-available TDLAS located in a hit,h-altitude subalpine coniferous forest (the Niwot Ridge AmeriFlux site), providing the first multi-year analysis of TDLAS instrument performance for measuring CO2 isotopes in the field. Air was sampled from five to nine vertical locations in and above the forest canopy every ten minutes for 2.4 years. A variety of methods were used to assess instrument performance. Measurement of two compressed air cylinders that were in place over the entire study establish the long-term field precision of 0.2 mu mol mol(-1) for [CO2] and 0.35%omicron for delta C-13, but after fixing several problems the isotope precision improved to 0.2%omicron (over the last several months). The TDLAS provided detail on variability of delta C-13 of atmospheric CO2 that was not represented in weekly flask samples, as well as information regarding the influence of large-scale (regional) seasonal cycle and local forest processes on [CO2] and delta C-13 of CO2. There were also clear growing season and winter differences in the relative contributions of photosynthesis and respiration on the [CO2] and delta C-13 of forest air. C1 [Schaeffer, S. M.; Bowling, D. R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Miller, J. B.] Earth Syst Res Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miller, J. B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Vaughn, B. H.; White, J. W. C.] Univ Colorado, Inst Arctic & Alpine Res, Boulder, CO 80302 USA. [Bowling, D. R.] Univ Utah, Stable Isotope Ratio Facil Environm Res, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Bowling, DR (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM bowling@biology.utah.edu RI White, James/A-7845-2009; Schaeffer, Sean/G-5071-2012; OI White, James/0000-0001-6041-4684; Schaeffer, Sean/0000-0002-9684-2952 FU Office of Science (BER); U.S. Department of Energy; North American Carbon [DE-FG02-04ER63904]; NOAA Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Group FX S. Sargent of Campbell Scientific, Inc. was extremely helpful with this analysis. and deserves considerable thanks for his ongoing dedication to high-quality instrumentation. Thanks to K. Chowanski, M. Losleben, L. ZLikiewicz, K. Matheson, 1). Millar, S. Burns. J. Knowles. and K. Ranno for excellent field Support, R. Monson and S. Burns for sharing data from the Niwot Ridge AnieriFlux lower, S. Englund at the INSTAAR Stable Isotope Lab for analyses, and T Conway at NOAA CCGG for sharing flask data. Help with calibration gas preparation Lit Utah was supplied by A. Schauer, S. Gaines, S. Bill. and M. Moody. This research was Supported by a grant to DRB and JBM from the Office of Science (BER). U.S. Department of Energy. Grant No. DE-FG02-04ER63904 as part of the North American Carbon Program, and ongoing funding by the NOAA Carbon Cycle Greenhouse Gases Group. U.S. Department of Commerce, NOAA ESRL. Global Monitoring Division. NR 59 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 17 BP 5263 EP 5277 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 348PC UT WOS:000259221400013 ER PT J AU Shindell, DT Chin, M Dentener, F Doherty, RM Faluvegi, G Fiore, AM Hess, P Koch, DM MacKenzie, IA Sanderson, MG Schultz, MG Schulz, M Stevenson, DS Teich, H Textor, C Wild, O Bergmann, DJ Bey, I Bian, H Cuvelier, C Duncan, BN Folberth, G Horowitz, LW Jonson, J Kaminski, JW Marmer, E Park, R Pringle, KJ Schroeder, S Szopa, S Takemura, T Zeng, G Keating, TJ Zuber, A AF Shindell, D. T. Chin, M. Dentener, F. Doherty, R. M. Faluvegi, G. Fiore, A. M. Hess, P. Koch, D. M. MacKenzie, I. A. Sanderson, M. G. Schultz, M. G. Schulz, M. Stevenson, D. S. Teich, H. Textor, C. Wild, O. Bergmann, D. J. Bey, I. Bian, H. Cuvelier, C. Duncan, B. N. Folberth, G. Horowitz, L. W. Jonson, J. Kaminski, J. W. Marmer, E. Park, R. Pringle, K. J. Schroeder, S. Szopa, S. Takemura, T. Zeng, G. Keating, T. J. Zuber, A. TI A multi-model assessment of pollution transport to the Arctic SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AIR-POLLUTION; AEROSOL; SNOW; TROPOSPHERE; EMISSIONS; AEROCOM; OZONE; MODEL AB We examine the response of Arctic gas and aerosol concentrations to perturbations in pollutant emissions from Europe. East and South Asia, and North America using results from a coordinated model intercomparison. These sensitivities to regional emissions (mixing ratio change per unit emission) vary widely across models and species. Intermodel differences are systematic, however, so that the relative importance of different regions is robust. North America contributes the most to Arctic ozone pollution. For aerosols and CO, European emissions dominate at the Arctic surface but East Asian emissions become progressively more important with altitude, and arc dominant in the upper troposphere. Sensitivities show strong seasonality: surface sensitivities typically maximize during boreal winter for European and during spring for East Asian and North American emissions. Mid-tropospheric sensitivities, however, nearly always maximize during spring or summer for all regions. Deposition of black carbon (BC) onto Greenland is most sensitive to North American emissions. North America and Europe each contribute similar to 40% of total BC deposition to Greenland, with similar to 20% from East Asia. Elsewhere in the Arctic, both sensitivity and total BC deposition are dominated by European emissions. Model diversity for aerosols is especially large, resulting primarily from differences in aerosol physical and chemical processing, (including removal). Comparison of modeled aerosol concentrations with observations indicates problems in the models, and perhaps, interpretation of the measurements. For gas phase pollutants such as CO and O-3, which are relatively well-simulated, the processes contributing most to uncertainties depend on the source region and altitude examined. Uncertainties in the Arctic surface CO response to emissions perturbations are dominated by emissions for East Asian sources, while uncertainties in transport, emissions. and oxidation are comparable for European and North American sources. At higher levels. model-to-model variations in transport and oxidation are most important. Differences in photochemistry appear to play the largest role in the intermodel variations in Arctic ozone sensitivity, though transport also contributes substantially in the mid-troposphere. C1 [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Koch, D. M.; Teich, H.] NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Shindell, D. T.; Faluvegi, G.; Koch, D. M.; Teich, H.] Columbia Univ, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Chin, M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Dentener, F.; Cuvelier, C.; Marmer, E.] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Environm & Sustainabil, I-21020 Ispra, Italy. [Doherty, R. M.; MacKenzie, I. A.; Stevenson, D. S.] Univ Edinburgh, Sch Geosci, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, Midlothian, Scotland. [Fiore, A. M.; Horowitz, L. W.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ USA. [Hess, P.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Sanderson, M. G.; Pringle, K. J.] Hadley Ctr, Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Schultz, M. G.; Schroeder, S.] Forschungszentrum Julich, ICG 2, Julich, Germany. [Schulz, M.; Textor, C.; Szopa, S.] Lab Sci Climat & Environm, Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Wild, O.] Univ Lancaster, Dept Environm Sci, Lancaster LA1 4YW, England. [Bergmann, D. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Livermore, CA USA. [Bey, I.; Folberth, G.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Modelisat Chim Atmospher, Lausanne, Switzerland. [Bian, H.; Duncan, B. N.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Jonson, J.] Norwegian Meteorol Inst, Oslo, Norway. [Kaminski, J. W.] York Univ, Ctr Res Earth & Space Sci, N York, ON M3J 1P3, Canada. [Park, R.] Harvard Univ, Atmospher Chem Modeling Grp, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Park, R.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Takemura, T.] Kyushu Univ, Appl Mech Res Inst, Fukuoka 8168580, Japan. [Zeng, G.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Chem, Natl Ctr Atmospher Sci, Cambridge CB2 1EW, England. [Keating, T. J.] US EPA, Off Policy Anal & Review, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Zuber, A.] Commiss European Communities, Environm Directorate Gen, B-1049 Brussels, Belgium. RP Shindell, DT (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. EM dshindell@giss.nasa.gov RI Park, Rokjin/I-5055-2012; Hess, Peter/M-3145-2015; Schulz, Michael/A-6930-2011; U-ID, Kyushu/C-5291-2016; Schultz, Martin/I-9512-2012; Wild, Oliver/A-4909-2009; Folberth, Gerd/F-7376-2010; Szopa, Sophie/F-8984-2010; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Stevenson, David/C-8089-2012; Shindell, Drew/D-4636-2012; Duncan, Bryan/A-5962-2011; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Kyushu, RIAM/F-4018-2015; Takemura, Toshihiko/C-2822-2009; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012; Pringle, Kirsty /A-4697-2013; mackenzie, ian/E-9320-2013 OI Park, Rokjin/0000-0001-8922-0234; Hess, Peter/0000-0003-2439-3796; Schulz, Michael/0000-0003-4493-4158; Schultz, Martin/0000-0003-3455-774X; Folberth, Gerd/0000-0002-1075-440X; Wild, Oliver/0000-0002-6227-7035; Szopa, Sophie/0000-0002-8641-1737; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Stevenson, David/0000-0002-4745-5673; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Takemura, Toshihiko/0000-0002-2859-6067; FU UK Defra [AQ0409]; Joint Defra and MoD [GA01 101, CBC/2B/0417]; Task Force - Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution FX We thank the NASA Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling and Analysis Program for support, and D. Henze for comments. MGS and KJP were funded by the UK Defra under contract AQ0409, and were also supported by the Joint Defra and MoD programme, (Defra) GA01 101 (MoD) CBC/2B/0417-Annex C5. This work was perfomed under the umbrella of the Task Force - Hemispheric Transport of Air Pollution (www.htap.org). NR 31 TC 180 Z9 184 U1 4 U2 41 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 17 BP 5353 EP 5372 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 348PC UT WOS:000259221400019 ER PT J AU Napelenok, SL Pinder, RW Gilliland, AB Martin, RV AF Napelenok, S. L. Pinder, R. W. Gilliland, A. B. Martin, R. V. TI A method for evaluating spatially-resolved NOx emissions using Kalman filter inversion, direct sensitivities, and space-based NO2 observations SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DECOUPLED DIRECT METHOD; AIR-QUALITY MODEL; CHEMICAL-KINETICS; GOME MEASUREMENTS; TRACE GASES; OZONE; COEFFICIENTS; RETRIEVAL; ADJOINT; SYSTEMS AB An inverse modeling method was developed and tested for identifying possible biases in emission inventories using satellite observations. The relationships between emission inputs and modeled ambient concentrations were estimated using sensitivities calculated with the decoupled direct method in three dimensions (DDM-3D) implemented within the framework of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) regional model. As a case study to test the approach, the method was applied to regional ground-level NOx emissions in the southeastern United States as constrained by observations of NO2 column densities derived from the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) satellite instrument. A controlled "pseudodata" scenario with a known solution was used to establish that the methodology can achieve the correct solution, and the approach was then applied to a summer 2004 period where the satellite data are available. The results indicate that emissions biases differ in urban and rural areas of the southeast. The method suggested slight downward (less than 10%) adjustment to urban emissions, while rural region results were found to be highly sensitive to NOx processes in the upper troposphere. As such, the bias in the rural areas is likely not solely due to biases in the groundlevel emissions. It was found that CMAQ was unable to predict the significant level of NO2 in the upper troposphere that was observed during the NASA Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment (INTEX) measurement campaign. The best correlation between satellite observations and modeled NO2 column densities, as well as comparison to groundlevel observations of NO2, was obtained by performing the inverse while accounting for the significant presence of NO2 in the upper troposphere not captured by the regional model. C1 [Napelenok, S. L.; Pinder, R. W.; Gilliland, A. B.] US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Martin, R. V.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Phys & Atmospher Sci, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Martin, R. V.] Harvard Smithsonian Ctr Astrophys, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Napelenok, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM napelenok.sergey@epa.gov RI Pinder, Robert/F-8252-2011; Martin, Randall/C-1205-2014; Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014 OI Pinder, Robert/0000-0001-6390-7126; Martin, Randall/0000-0003-2632-8402; Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445 NR 50 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 18 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 18 BP 5603 EP 5614 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 354NY UT WOS:000259647500007 ER PT J AU Cubison, MJ Ervens, B Feingold, G Docherty, KS Ulbrich, IM Shields, L Prather, K Hering, S Jimenez, JL AF Cubison, M. J. Ervens, B. Feingold, G. Docherty, K. S. Ulbrich, I. M. Shields, L. Prather, K. Hering, S. Jimenez, J. L. TI The influence of chemical composition and mixing state of Los Angeles urban aerosol on CCN number and cloud properties SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATLANTA SUPERSITE PROJECT; AERODYNAMIC DIAMETER MEASUREMENTS; OXYGENATED ORGANIC AEROSOLS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HYGROSCOPIC GROWTH; AMAZON BASIN; DENSITY CHARACTERIZATION; ATMOSPHERIC PARTICLES; SUBMICROMETER AEROSOL; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES AB The relationship between cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) number and the physical and chemical properties of the atmospheric aerosol distribution is explored for a polluted urban data set from the Study of Organic Aerosols at Riverside I (SOAR-1) campaign conducted at Riverside, California, USA during summer 2005. The mixing state and, to a lesser degree, the average chemical composition are shown to be important parameters in determining the activation properties of those particles around the critical activation diameters for atmospherically- realistic supersaturation values. Closure between predictions and measurements of CCN number at several supersaturations is attempted by modeling a number of aerosol chemical composition and mixing state cases of increasing complexity. It is shown that a realistic treatment of the state of mixing of the urban aerosol distribution is critical in order to eliminate model bias. Fresh emissions such as elemental carbon and small organic particles must be treated as non- activating and explicitly accounted for in the model. The relative number concentration of these particles compared to inorganics and oxygenated organic compounds of limited hygroscopicity plays an important role in determining the CCN number. Furthermore, expanding the different composition/ mixing state cases to predictions of cloud droplet number concentration in a cloud parcel model highlights the dependence of cloud optical properties on the state of mixing and hygroscopic properties of the different aerosol modes, but shows that the relative differences between the different cases are reduced compared to those from the CCN model. C1 [Cubison, M. J.; Ervens, B.; Docherty, K. S.; Ulbrich, I. M.; Jimenez, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ervens, B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ervens, B.; Feingold, G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Ulbrich, I. M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shields, L.; Prather, K.] Univ Calif San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hering, S.] Aerosol Dynam Inc, Berkeley, CA USA. RP Jimenez, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jose.jimenez@colorado.edu RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Hering, Susanne/B-1906-2012; Ervens, Barbara/D-5495-2013; Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Prather, Kimberly/A-3892-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Ervens, Barbara/0000-0002-6223-1635; Prather, Kimberly/0000-0003-3048-9890; NR 96 TC 84 Z9 85 U1 6 U2 31 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 18 BP 5649 EP 5667 DI 10.5194/acp-8-5649-2008 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 354NY UT WOS:000259647500011 ER PT J AU Lawrence, MG Salzmann, M AF Lawrence, M. G. Salzmann, M. TI On interpreting studies of tracer transport by deep cumulus convection and its effects on atmospheric chemistry SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; PARTICLE DISPERSION MODEL; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; ASSIMILATED WINDS; PARAMETERIZATION; ENSEMBLE; CAMPAIGN; CLUSTERS; BUDGET; MINOS AB Global chemistry-transport models (CTMs) and chemistry-GCMs (CGCMs) generally simulate vertical tracer transport by deep convection separately from the advective transport by the mean winds, even though a component of the mean transport, for instance in the Hadley and Walker cells, occurs in deep convective updrafts. This split treatment of vertical transport has various implications for CTM simulations. In particular, it has led to a misinterpretation of several sensitivity simulations in previous studies in which the parameterized convective transport of one or more tracers is neglected. We describe this issue in terms of simulated fluxes and fractions of these fluxes representing various physical and non-physical processes. We then show that there is a significant overlap between the convective and large-scale mean advective vertical air mass fluxes in the CTM MATCH, and discuss the implications which this has for interpreting previous and future sensitivity simulations, as well as briefly noting other related implications such as numerical diffusion. C1 [Lawrence, M. G.; Salzmann, M.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. [Salzmann, M.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Lawrence, MG (reprint author), Max Planck Inst Chem, Mainz, Germany. EM lawrence@mpch-mainz.mpg.de RI Salzmann, Marc/N-2229-2014 OI Salzmann, Marc/0000-0002-3987-2303 FU German Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF) [07-ATC-02]; German Research Society (DFG) "TROPEIS" project FX We would like to express our appreciation to Phil Rasch for his development and support of MATCH and for thoughtful comments, as well as to many other colleagues, including Jos Lelieveld, Holger Tost, Patrick Jockel, Ian Folkins, Michael Prather, Leo Donner, Ruth Doherty, Jessica Neu, Ben Lintner, Jun-Ichi Yano, Volkmar Wirth and others for valuable discussions. We are grateful for the positive reviews and helpful comments from the editor, Owen Cooper, and the two anonymous referees. This work was partly supported by funding from the German Ministry of Education and Research ( BMBF), project 07-ATC-02, and partly from the German Research Society (DFG) "TROPEIS" project (subproject B4). NR 38 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 20 BP 6037 EP 6050 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 367NK UT WOS:000260558500004 ER PT J AU Wilson, JC Lee, SH Reeves, JM Brock, CA Jonsson, HH Lafleur, BG Loewenstein, M Podolske, J Atlas, E Boering, K Toon, G Fahey, D Bui, TP Diskin, G Moore, F AF Wilson, J. C. Lee, S. -H. Reeves, J. M. Brock, C. A. Jonsson, H. H. Lafleur, B. G. Loewenstein, M. Podolske, J. Atlas, E. Boering, K. Toon, G. Fahey, D. Bui, T. P. Diskin, G. Moore, F. TI Steady-state aerosol distributions in the extra-tropical, lower stratosphere and the processes that maintain them SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DIODE-LASER SPECTROMETER; IN-SITU MEASUREMENTS; NORTHERN MIDLATITUDES; UPPER TROPOSPHERE; OZONE DEPLETION; NITROUS-OXIDE; MEAN AGES; OPEN-PATH; HYGROMETER; PARTICLES AB Measurements of aerosol, N(2)O and OCS made in the Northern Hemisphere below 21 km altitude following the eruption of Pinatubo are presented and analyzed. After September 1999, the oxidation of OCS and sedimentation of particles in the extra-tropical overworld north of 45N are found to maintain the aerosol in a steady state. This analysis empirically links precursor gas to aerosol abundance throughout this region. These processes are tracked with age-of-air which offers advantages over tracking as a function of latitude and altitude. In the extra-tropical, lowermost stratosphere, normalized volume distributions appear constant in time after the fall of 1999. Exchange with the troposphere is important in understanding aerosol evolution there. Size distributions of volcanically perturbed aerosol are included to distinguish between volcanic and non-volcanic conditions. This analysis suggests that model failures to correctly predict OCS and aerosol properties below 20 km in the Northern Hemisphere extra tropics result from inadequate descriptions of atmospheric circulation. C1 [Wilson, J. C.; Reeves, J. M.; Lafleur, B. G.] Univ Denver, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Lee, S. -H.] Kent State Univ, Dept Chem, Kent, OH 44240 USA. [Brock, C. A.; Fahey, D.] NOAA ESRL CSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jonsson, H. H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, CIRPAS, Marina, CA 93933 USA. [Loewenstein, M.; Podolske, J.; Bui, T. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Boering, K.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Chem, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Toon, G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Diskin, G.] NASA, Chem & Dynam Branch, MS 483, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Moore, F.] NOAA ESRL GMD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wilson, JC (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Mech & Mat Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM jwilson@du.edu RI Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Lee, Shan-Hu/F-9913-2014; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program; NASA Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project; NASA Radiation Sciences Program FX JCW gratefully acknowledges useful conversations of A. Tuck, K. Rosenlof, D. Weisenstein, S. Wofsy and J. Elkins and comments of two anonymous reviewers. In situ measurements were made from NASA research aircraft and remote measurements were made from balloons with sponsorship of the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Program, the NASA Atmospheric Effects of Aviation Project, and the NASA Radiation Sciences Program. NR 34 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 22 BP 6617 EP 6626 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 389FP UT WOS:000262077000005 ER PT J AU Millet, DB Jacob, DJ Custer, TG de Gouw, JA Goldstein, AH Karl, T Singh, HB Sive, BC Talbot, RW Warneke, C Williams, J AF Millet, D. B. Jacob, D. J. Custer, T. G. de Gouw, J. A. Goldstein, A. H. Karl, T. Singh, H. B. Sive, B. C. Talbot, R. W. Warneke, C. Williams, J. TI New constraints on terrestrial and oceanic sources of atmospheric methanol SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; EDDY COVARIANCE MEASUREMENTS; INFRARED-SPECTROSCOPY AFTIR; SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BIOMASS-BURNING EMISSIONS; NONMETHANE HYDROCARBONS; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; TRACE GAS; MASS-SPECTROMETER AB We use a global 3-D chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to interpret new aircraft, surface, and oceanic observations of methanol in terms of the constraints that they place on the atmospheric methanol budget. Recent measurements of methanol concentrations in the ocean mixed layer (OML) imply that in situ biological production must be the main methanol source in the OML, dominating over uptake from the atmosphere. It follows that oceanic emission and uptake must be viewed as independent terms in the atmospheric methanol budget. We deduce that the marine biosphere is a large primary source (85 Tg a(-1)) of methanol to the atmosphere and is also a large sink (101 Tg a(-1)), comparable in magnitude to atmospheric oxidation by OH (88 Tg a(-1)). The resulting atmospheric lifetime of methanol in the model is 4.7 days. Aircraft measurements in the North American boundary layer imply that terrestrial plants are a much weaker source than presently thought, likely reflecting an overestimate of broadleaf tree emissions, and this is also generally consistent with surface measurements. We deduce a terrestrial plant source of 80 Tg a(-1), comparable in magnitude to the ocean source. The aircraft measurements show a strong correlation with CO (R-2= 0.51-0.61) over North America during summer. We reproduce this correlation and slope in the model with the reduced plant source, which also confirms that the anthropogenic source of methanol must be small. Our reduced plant source also provides a better simulation of methanol observations over tropical South America. C1 [Millet, D. B.; Jacob, D. J.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Millet, D. B.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Custer, T. G.; Williams, J.] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [de Gouw, J. A.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Goldstein, A. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA USA. [Karl, T.] NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO USA. [Singh, H. B.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Sive, B. C.; Talbot, R. W.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Soil Water & Climate, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Millet, D. B.; Jacob, D. J.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. RP Millet, DB (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. EM dbm@umn.edu RI Karl, Thomas/D-1891-2009; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Goldstein, Allen/A-6857-2011; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Chem, GEOS/C-5595-2014; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Karl, Thomas/0000-0003-2869-9426; Goldstein, Allen/0000-0003-4014-4896; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 FU US National Science Foundation FX This work was supported by the Atmospheric Chemistry Program of the US National Science Foundation. We thank John Holloway, Glen Sachse, and Glenn Diskin for providing CO data, and Donald Blake for providing unpublished methanol data from TOPSE. DBM thanks the NOAA Climate and Global Change Postdoctoral Fellowship Program and Harvard University's Reginald A. Daly Postdoctoral Fellowship Program, Brendan Field for his assistance, and Bob Yantosca for his generous help. NR 96 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 3 U2 25 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 23 BP 6887 EP 6905 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393YS UT WOS:000262413000002 ER PT J AU Miller, SM Matross, DM Andrews, AE Millet, DB Longo, M Gottlieb, EW Hirsch, AI Gerbig, C Lin, JC Daube, BC Hudman, RC Dias, PLS Chow, VY Wofsy, SC AF Miller, S. M. Matross, D. M. Andrews, A. E. Millet, D. B. Longo, M. Gottlieb, E. W. Hirsch, A. I. Gerbig, C. Lin, J. C. Daube, B. C. Hudman, R. C. Dias, P. L. S. Chow, V. Y. Wofsy, S. C. TI Sources of carbon monoxide and formaldehyde in North America determined from high-resolution atmospheric data SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EMISSION INVENTORY; ISOPRENE EMISSIONS; EARTHS ATMOSPHERE; MODELING SYSTEM; FIRE EMISSIONS; BUDGET; TRANSPORT; EUROPE; RAMS; PERSPECTIVE AB We analyze the North American budget for carbon monoxide using data for CO and formaldehyde concentrations from tall towers and aircraft in a model-data assimilation framework. The Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport model for CO (STILT-CO) determines local to regional-scale CO contributions associated with production from fossil fuel combustion, biomass burning, and oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using an ensemble of Lagrangian particles driven by high resolution assimilated meteorology. In many cases, the model demonstrates high fidelity simulations of hourly surface data from tall towers and point measurements from aircraft, with somewhat less satisfactory performance in coastal regions and when CO from large biomass fires in Alaska and the Yukon Territory influence the continental US. Inversions of STILT-CO simulations for CO and formaldehyde show that current inventories of CO emissions from fossil fuel combustion are significantly too high, by almost a factor of three in summer and a factor two in early spring, consistent with recent analyses of data from the INTEXA aircraft program. Formaldehyde data help to show that sources of CO from oxidation of CH4 and other VOCs represent the dominant sources of CO over North America in summer. C1 [Miller, S. M.; Longo, M.; Gottlieb, E. W.; Daube, B. C.; Hudman, R. C.; Chow, V. Y.; Wofsy, S. C.] Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Matross, D. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Environm Sci Policy & Management, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Andrews, A. E.; Hirsch, A. I.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Millet, D. B.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Soil Water & Climate, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Gerbig, C.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, Jena, Germany. [Lin, J. C.] Univ Waterloo, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada. [Dias, P. L. S.] Natl Lab Sci Comp, Petropolis, Brazil. RP Miller, SM (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, 20 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM scot.m.miller@post.harvard.edu RI Hudman, Rynda/C-6118-2009; Millet, Dylan/G-5832-2012; Gerbig, Christoph/L-3532-2013; Andrews, Arlyn/K-3427-2012; Longo, Marcos/F-5033-2014 OI Gerbig, Christoph/0000-0002-1112-8603; Longo, Marcos/0000-0001-5062-6245 FU Harvard University Center; NSF [ATM-0221850]; US Dept. of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER64358]; NASA [NNX06AE83G]; Harvard University [NCC5-684] FX This research would not have been possible without a Harvard University Center for the Environment Grant and the Harvard Dean's Summer Research Award. This work was supported by NSF Award ATM-0221850 (Biocomplexity in the Environment) and by grants DE-FG02-07ER64358 (US Dept. of Energy), NNX06AE83G (NASA) and NCC5-684 to Harvard University. The opinions expressed herein are not represented as expressing the views of any of the sponsoring agencies. NR 89 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 23 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 24 BP 7673 EP 7696 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393YG UT WOS:000262411800026 ER PT J AU Real, E Law, KS Schlager, H Roiger, A Huntrieser, H Methven, J Cain, M Holloway, J Neuman, JA Ryerson, T Flocke, F de Gouw, J Atlas, E Donnelly, S Parrish, D AF Real, E. Law, K. S. Schlager, H. Roiger, A. Huntrieser, H. Methven, J. Cain, M. Holloway, J. Neuman, J. A. Ryerson, T. Flocke, F. de Gouw, J. Atlas, E. Donnelly, S. Parrish, D. TI Lagrangian analysis of low altitude anthropogenic plume processing across the North Atlantic SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL SOUTH-ATLANTIC; INTERCONTINENTAL TRANSPORT; TRANSATLANTIC TRANSPORT; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SURFACE SITES; OZONE; EUROPE; IMPACT; MODEL; POLLUTION AB The photochemical evolution of an anthropogenic plume from the New-York/Boston region during its transport at low altitudes over the North Atlantic to the European west coast has been studied using a Lagrangian framework. This plume, originally strongly polluted, was sampled by research aircraft just off the North American east coast on 3 successive days, and then 3 days downwind off the west coast of Ireland where another aircraft re-sampled a weakly polluted plume. Changes in trace gas concentrations during transport are reproduced using a photochemical trajectory model including deposition and mixing effects. Chemical and wet deposition processing dominated the evolution of all pollutants in the plume. The mean net photochemical O-3 production is estimated to be -5 ppbv/day leading to low O-3 by the time the plume reached Europe. Model runs with no wet deposition of HNO3 predicted much lower average net destruction of -1 ppbv/day O-3, arising from increased levels of NOx via photolysis of HNO3. This indicates that wet deposition of HNO3 is indirectly responsible for 80% of the net destruction of ozone during plume transport. If the plume had not encountered precipitation, it would have reached Europe with O-3 concentrations of up to 80 to 90 ppbv and CO between 120 and 140 ppbv. Photochemical destruction also played a more important role than mixing in the evolution of plume CO due to high levels of O-3 and water vapour showing that CO cannot always be used as a tracer for polluted air masses, especially in plumes transported at low altitudes. The results also show that, in this case, an increase in O-3/CO slopes can be attributed to photochemical destruction of CO and not to photochemical O-3 production as is often assumed. C1 [Schlager, H.; Roiger, A.; Huntrieser, H.] Inst Atmospher Phys, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt DLR, D-82230 Wessling, Germany. [Methven, J.; Cain, M.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Holloway, J.; Neuman, J. A.; de Gouw, J.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, ESRL, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ryerson, T.; Parrish, D.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Flocke, F.] NCAR, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Atlas, E.] Univ Miami, RSMAS MAC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Donnelly, S.] Ft Hays State Univ, Dept Chem, Hays, KS 67601 USA. [Real, E.; Law, K. S.] CNRS IPSL, UPMC, Serv Aeron, F-75005 Paris, France. RP Real, E (reprint author), CEREA, 20 Rue Alfred Nobel, F-77455 Champs Sur Marne, France. EM elsa.real@aero.jussieu.fr RI de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Parrish, David/E-8957-2010; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Parrish, David/0000-0001-6312-2724; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; FU INSU-CNRS; ADEME; Insitut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL); Institut Geographique National (IGN) FX Elsa Real and Kathy Law acknowledge financial support from national programmes (PNCA, PATOM) provided by INSU-CNRS, ADEME and also from Insitut Pierre Simon Laplace (IPSL) for the French ITOP project as well as the Institut Geographique National (IGN) for hosting the DLR Falcon campaign at Creil, France. We would like to thank the whole ICARTT team, and in particular P3 scientists. NR 42 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 24 BP 7737 EP 7754 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393YG UT WOS:000262411800031 ER PT J AU Washenfelder, RA Langford, AO Fuchs, H Brown, SS AF Washenfelder, R. A. Langford, A. O. Fuchs, H. Brown, S. S. TI Measurement of glyoxal using an incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer SO ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID ATMOSPHERIC PHOTOOXIDATION PRODUCTS; LIGHT-EMITTING-DIODES; CARBONYL-COMPOUNDS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RATE COEFFICIENTS; NEAR-ULTRAVIOLET; CROSS-SECTIONS; OPTICAL DEPTH; SPECTROSCOPY AB We describe an instrument for simultaneous measurements of glyoxal (CHOCHO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) using cavity enhanced absorption spectroscopy with a broadband light source. The output of a Xenon arc lamp is coupled into a 1m optical cavity, and the spectrum of light exiting the cavity is recorded by a grating spectrometer with a charge-coupled device (CCD) array detector. The mirror reflectivity and effective path lengths are determined from the known Rayleigh scattering of He and dry zero air (N-2+O-2). Least-squares fitting, using published reference spectra, allow the simultaneous retrieval of CHOCHO, NO2, O-4, and H2O in the 441 to 469 nm spectral range. For a 1-min sampling time, the precision (+/- 1 sigma) on signal for measurements of CHOCHO and NO2 is 29 pptv and 20 pptv, respectively. We directly compare measurements made with the incoherent broadband cavity enhanced absorption spectrometer with those from cavity ringdown instruments detecting CHOCHO and NO2 at 404 and 532 nm, respectively, and find linear agreement over a wide range of concentrations. The instrument has been tested in the laboratory with both synthetic and real air samples, and the demonstrated sensitivity and specificity suggest a strong potential for field measurements of both CHOCHO and NO2. C1 [Washenfelder, R. A.; Fuchs, H.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Washenfelder, R. A.; Langford, A. O.; Fuchs, H.; Brown, S. S.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Washenfelder, RA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM rebecca.washenfelder@noaa.gov RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Fuchs, Hendrik/I-9157-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Langford, Andrew/D-2323-2009; Washenfelder, Rebecca/E-7169-2010 OI Fuchs, Hendrik/0000-0003-1263-0061; Langford, Andrew/0000-0002-2932-7061; Washenfelder, Rebecca/0000-0002-8106-3702 FU National Research Council Research Associateship Program; NOAA FX We thank Karl Feierabend for his assistance in synthesizing glyoxal. We thank Rich McLaughlin for machining custom mirror mounts for the IBBCEAS instrument. We thank Susan Solomon for the loan of the InSpectrum 150. We thank Rainer Volkamer and Bill Dube for useful discussions. RAW acknowledges support from the National Research Council Research Associateship Program. This work was funded in part by NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere and Atmospheric Chemistry and Climate programs. NR 57 TC 63 Z9 67 U1 7 U2 36 PU COPERNICUS GESELLSCHAFT MBH PI GOTTINGEN PA BAHNHOFSALLEE 1E, GOTTINGEN, 37081, GERMANY SN 1680-7316 EI 1680-7324 J9 ATMOS CHEM PHYS JI Atmos. Chem. Phys. PY 2008 VL 8 IS 24 BP 7779 EP 7793 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 393YG UT WOS:000262411800033 ER PT J AU Godowitch, JM Gilliland, AB Draxler, RR Rao, ST AF Godowitch, J. M. Gilliland, A. B. Draxler, R. R. Rao, S. T. TI Modeling assessment of point source NO(x) emission reductions on ozone air quality in the eastern United States SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE photochemical ozone; NO(x); emission reductions; CMAQ; HYSPLIT; trajectory analysis AB This study investigates the effects of reductions in nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) emissions from major point sources on daily maximum 8-h ozone concentrations in the eastern United States. The Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was utilized in photochemical simulations on a matrix of modeling scenarios permitting an examination of the separate effects of emission changes and meteorological influences on maximum ozone levels over a 3-month period during the summers of 2002 and 2004. Two modeling scenarios involved base case 2002 emissions and post-control emissions, reflecting the point source NO(x) emission reductions implemented before the ozone season of 2004, using summer 2002 meteorological conditions. Results revealed that point source NO(x) emission reductions caused decreases in daily maximum 8-h ozone concentrations over the eastern United States. At the 50th and 95th percentiles of the cumulative frequency distribution, daily maximum 8-h ozone values in the emission reduction scenario were lower than corresponding base case values over 70% and 90% of the modeling domain, respectively. During southwesterly wind flows across the Ohio River Valley, morning ozone concentrations aloft were lower over northeastern states downwind of the emissions-rich region in the NO(x) reduction scenario results. Another notable feature of the NO(x) emission reduction scenario results is that greater decreases in daily maximum 8-h ozone occurred at higher concentrations. Results from other modeling scenarios revealed strong differences in meteorological conditions between these two summer periods greatly impacted the daily 8-h maximum ozone concentrations with the meteorological effects on ozone being greater than those from emission changes over the northern part of the modeling domain. Using backtrajectory analysis, greater percentage decreases in daily maximum 8-h ozone occurred at monitoring sites when they were downwind of the Ohio River Valley, which is a notable emission source region, as compared to cases when the sites were not downwind of it. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Godowitch, J. M.; Gilliland, A. B.; Rao, S. T.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Draxler, R. R.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Godowitch, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Jaines.Godowitch@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 8 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 1 BP 87 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.09.032 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 257FB UT WOS:000252783500006 ER PT J AU Presser, C Edward, WV AF Presser, Cary Edward, White, V TI Droplet size and velocity measurements from commercial "fogger" type pepper spray products SO ATOMIZATION AND SPRAYS LA English DT Article ID CAPSAICINOIDS; CHROMATOGRAPHY AB Commercial pepper spray devices are available that deliver either a coherent liquid stream or an aerosol from the canister. Information is unavailable in the literature regarding either the spray characteristics (i.e., the droplet diameter, velocity, and number density) or the canister-to-canister variability of these devices. Consequently, their performance in delivering the active agent to the target is not well characterized and the amount of material delivered as small, potentially harmful, particles is unknown. This investigation used phase Doppler interferometry (PDI) to measure the size and velocity distributions of aerosol-type pepper sprays. This information was used to obtain preliminary information on the amount of smaller diameter droplets present in pepper spray products currently on the market. This preliminary information could then be combined with toxicity information (expected to become available) to determine whether the potential hazard is sufficient to warrant further study. Thus, characterization of the sprays (i.e., both droplet size and velocity) at the target location is important for this purpose. Each canister was fired repeatedly to discharge its contents in 1 s shots at 1 min intervals until the PDI could not detect droplets. Four different sets of commercially available pepper spray canisters were studied to document the variation in the aerosol diameter distribution from shot to shot. The results indicated that there were significant differences in the spray characteristics for the different canister sets. The number of shots per canister varied among the sets of canisters. The droplet mean diameter was fairly constant per shot for three of the four canister sets (averaging 54.0 mu m with a standard deviation of 2.4 pin for all shots from these three sets) until nearly all of the canister liquid contents were expelled. At this point, the values of the droplet mean diameter, streamwise velocity, and number of droplets decreased significantly. The droplet diameters detected varied from a few micrometers (at the detection limit of the optical arrangement) to about 120 pin. For some groups, the diameter distributions were bimodal with peaks at about 10 mu m and 40 mu m. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Presser, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cpresser@nist.gov NR 25 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1044-5110 J9 ATOMIZATION SPRAY JI Atom. Sprays PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 287 EP 313 PG 27 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 235EP UT WOS:000251216600001 ER PT J AU Livezey, KB Root, TL Gremel, SA Johnson, C AF Livezey, Kent B. Root, Terry L. Gremel, Scott A. Johnson, Craig TI Natural range expansion of Barred Owls? A critique of Monahan and Hijmans (2007) SO AUK LA English DT Letter ID NORTHERN SPOTTED OWLS; STRIX-VARIA; OREGON C1 [Livezey, Kent B.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. [Root, Terry L.] Stanford Univ, Woods Inst Environm Yang & Yamazaki Environm & En, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Johnson, Craig] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Livezey, KB (reprint author), US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Western Washington Fish & Wildlife Off, 510 Desmond Dr, Lacey, WA 98503 USA. EM kent_livezey@fws.gov NR 28 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 EI 1938-4254 J9 AUK JI AUK PD JAN PY 2008 VL 125 IS 1 BP 230 EP 232 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.125.1.230 PG 3 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 308FA UT WOS:000256372500026 ER PT J AU Shneier, M Chang, T Hong, T Shackleford, W Bostelman, R Albus, JS AF Shneier, Michael Chang, Tommy Hong, Tsai Shackleford, Will Bostelman, Roger Albus, James S. TI Learning traversability models for autonomous mobile vehicles SO AUTONOMOUS ROBOTS LA English DT Article DE learning; traversability; classification; color models; texture; range; mobile robotics ID DARPA LAGR PROGRAM AB Autonomous mobile robots need to adapt their behavior to the terrain over which they drive, and to predict the traversability of the terrain so that they can effectively plan their paths. Such robots usually make use of a set of sensors to investigate the terrain around them and build up an internal representation that enables them to navigate. This paper addresses the question of how to use sensor data to learn properties of the environment and use this knowledge to predict which regions of the environment are traversable. The approach makes use of sensed information from range sensors (stereo or ladar), color cameras, and the vehicle's navigation sensors. Models of terrain regions are learned from subsets of pixels that are selected by projection into a local occupancy grid. The models include color and texture as well as traversability information obtained from an analysis of the range data associated with the pixels. The models are learned without supervision, deriving their properties from the geometry and the appearance of the scene. The models are used to classify color images and assign traversability costs to regions. The classification does not use the range or position information, but only color images. Traversability determined during the model-building phase is stored in the models. This enables classification of regions beyond the range of stereo or ladar using the information in the color images. The paper describes how the models are constructed and maintained, how they are used to classify image regions, and how the system adapts to changing environments. Examples are shown from the implementation of this algorithm in the DARPA Learning Applied to Ground Robots (LAGR) program, and an evaluation of the algorithm against human-provided ground truth is presented. C1 [Shneier, Michael; Chang, Tommy; Hong, Tsai; Shackleford, Will; Bostelman, Roger; Albus, James S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shneier, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Michael.Shneier@nist.gov; Tommy.Chang@nist.gov; Tsai.Hong@nist.gov; Will.Shackleford@nist.gov; roger.bostelman@nist.gov; james.albus@nist.gov NR 21 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0929-5593 J9 AUTON ROBOT JI Auton. Robot. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 69 EP 86 DI 10.1007/s10514-007-9063-6 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Robotics SC Computer Science; Robotics GA 241HZ UT WOS:000251648800005 ER PT S AU Thrower, FP Joyce, JE Celewycz, AG Malecha, PW AF Thrower, Frank P. Joyce, John E. Celewycz, Adrian G. Malecha, Patrick W. BE Allen, MS Sammons, S Maceina, MJ TI The Potential Importance of Reservoirs in the Western United States for the Recovery of Endangered Populations of Anadromous Steelhead SO BALANCING FISHERIES MANAGEMENT AND WATER USES FOR IMPOUNDED RIVER SYSTEMS SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th North American Reservoir Symposium on Balancing Fisheries Management and Water Uses for Impounded River Systems CY JUN 07-09, 2007 CL Atlanta, GA SP Amer Fisheries Soc, SE Div Reservoir Comm ID PACIFIC SALMON; FRESH-WATER; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; RAINBOW-TROUT; WILD; CONSERVATION; CALIFORNIA; DIVERSITY; SURVIVAL; GROWTH AB As a consequence of ubiquitous reservoirs impounded oil Pacific Northwest streams having native runs of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss, hundreds of isolated Populations of formerly anadromous fish were unintentionally created. Despite extensive stocking of resident hatchery fish, it is likely that when conditions were favorable, many populations adapted to their new environments and remain viable to this day. Severe population declines of anadromous fish have Occurred in recent decades. If these isolated resident populations retain ancestral anadromous adaptations, they have value as potential reservoirs for anadromous restoration after issues leading to decline have been addressed. We produced five broods of F(2) offspring from pure lines of anadromous steelhead and resident rainbow trout (nonanadromous O. mykiss; descendants of a previous stocking 70 years before from the same anadromous steelhead stock plus reciprocal hybrid lines to determine if captive populations of F(1) offspring of fish thus isolated for decades can still produce smolts that adapt to seawater and Successfully return to spawn as ocean-ranched adults. Although the anadromous line produced significantly more smolts than the resident line, the marine survival of smolts was related to genetic origin more than to smolting history of the parents. Smolting rates and marine survival of the F(2) progeny were similar to, or higher, than those of the F(1) progeny, indicating that completely captive broodstock, derived from isolated Populations, could be an important component of a recovery plan for endangered stocks of anadromous rainbow trout. C1 [Thrower, Frank P.; Joyce, John E.; Celewycz, Adrian G.; Malecha, Patrick W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Thrower, FP (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM frank.thrower@noaa.gov NR 25 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-06-6 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2008 VL 62 BP 309 EP 324 PG 16 WC Fisheries; Water Resources SC Fisheries; Water Resources GA BIX56 UT WOS:000263597300021 ER PT J AU Swanson, P Dickey, J Young, G Cooper, K Luckenbach, JA Felli, L Schulz, I AF Swanson, Penny Dickey, Jon Young, Graham Cooper, Kathleen Luckenbach, J. Adam Felli, Larissa Schulz, Irvin TI Acute disruption of the growth and reproductive endocrine systems of juvenile salmon by waterborne exposure to ethynylestradiol does not impact later adult growth and fertility SO BIOLOGY OF REPRODUCTION LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 41st Annual Meeting of the Society-for-the-Study-of-Reproduction CY MAY 27-30, 2008 CL Kailua Kona, HI SP Soc Study Reprod C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SOC STUDY REPRODUCTION PI MADISON PA 1603 MONROE ST, MADISON, WI 53711-2021 USA SN 0006-3363 J9 BIOL REPROD JI Biol. Reprod. PY 2008 MA 626 BP 202 EP 202 PG 1 WC Reproductive Biology SC Reproductive Biology GA 347DH UT WOS:000259120300582 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Wang, GN Zou, L Tang, LP Marquez, M Hu, ZB AF Zhou, Jun Wang, Guonan Zou, Ling Tang, Liping Marquez, Manuel Hu, Zhibing TI Viscoelastic behavior and in vivo release study of microgel dispersions with inverse thermoreversible gelation SO BIOMACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; POLYMER NETWORKS; TEMPERATURE; CHITOSAN; GELS; POLYSACCHARIDES; RHEOLOGY AB The dispersion of microgels with two interpenetrating polymer networks of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) and poly(acrylic acid) (PNIPAM-IPN-PAAc) has been studied for its viscoelastic behavior, biocompatibility, and in vivo release properties. The IPN microgels in water had an average hydrodynamic radius of about 85 nm at 21 degrees C, measured by dynamic light scattering method. The atomic force microscope image showed that the particles were much smaller after they were dried but remained spherical shape. The storage and loss moduli (G' and G") of dispersions of IPN microgels were measured in the linear stress regime as functions of temperature and frequency at various polymer concentrations using a stress-controlled rheometer. For dispersions with polymer concentrations of 3.0 and 6.0 wt % above 33 degrees C, the samples behave as viscoelastic solids and the storage modulus was larger than the loss modulus over the entire frequency range. The loss tangent was measured at various frequencies as a function of temperature. The gelation temperature was determined to be 33 degrees C at the point where a frequency-independent value of the loss tangent was first observed. At pH 2.5, when heated above the gelation temperature, IPN microgels flocculate by pumping a large amount of water from the gel. When the pH value was adjusted to neutral, deprotonation of -COOH groups on PAAc made the microgel keep water even above the gelation temperature. Using an animal implantation model, the biocompatibility and drug release proper-ties of the IPN trucrogel dispersion were evaluated. Fluorescein as a model drug was mixed into an aqueous microgel dispersion at ambient temperature. This drug-loaded liquid was then injected subcutaneously in Balb/C mice from Taconic Farms. The test results have shown that the IPN microgels did not adversely promote foreign body reactions in this acute implantation model and the presence of gelled microgel dispersion substantially slowed the release of fluorescein. C1 [Zhou, Jun; Wang, Guonan; Hu, Zhibing] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Zhou, Jun; Wang, Guonan; Hu, Zhibing] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Zou, Ling; Tang, Liping] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Bioengn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hu, ZB (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, POB 311427, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM zbhu@unt.edu RI Zhou, Jun/H-3484-2013 FU NIBIB NIH HHS [R01 EB007271, R01 EB007271-01A2]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM074021, R01 GM074021] NR 27 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 4 U2 36 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1525-7797 J9 BIOMACROMOLECULES JI Biomacromolecules PD JAN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 1 BP 142 EP 148 DI 10.1021/bm700918d PG 7 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Organic; Polymer Science SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry; Polymer Science GA 251ZW UT WOS:000252415600021 PM 18067257 ER PT J AU Neelamegham, S Singh, I Themistou, E Porcar, L AF Neelamegham, S. Singh, I. Themistou, E. Porcar, L. TI Molecular biomechanics of blood protein von Willebrand factor: Conformation changes under hydrodynamic shear SO BIORHEOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Neelamegham, S.; Singh, I.; Themistou, E.] SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. [Porcar, L.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI singh, indrajeet/A-2072-2015 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-355X J9 BIORHEOLOGY JI Biorheology PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 55 EP 55 PG 1 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Hematology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Hematology GA 344LR UT WOS:000258929100060 ER PT J AU Marhefka, JN Velankar, SS Zhao, R Wu, Z Antaki, JF Kameneva, MV AF Marhefka, J. N. Velankar, S. S. Zhao, R. Wu, Z. Antaki, J. F. Kameneva, M. V. TI Microscale effects of drag-reducing polymers SO BIORHEOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Marhefka, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Velankar, S. S.] Univ Pittsburgh, Dept Chem & Petr Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15261 USA. [Zhao, R.; Antaki, J. F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Biomed Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Kameneva, M. V.] Univ Pittsburgh, McGowan Inst Regenerat Med, Dept Bioengn, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Kameneva, M. V.] Univ Pittsburgh, McGowan Inst Regenerat Med, Dept Surg, Pittsburgh, PA USA. [Wu, Z.] Univ Maryland, Dept Surg, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RI Antaki, James/S-3051-2016 OI Antaki, James/0000-0002-5430-7353 NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-355X J9 BIORHEOLOGY JI Biorheology PY 2008 VL 45 IS 1-2 BP 58 EP 59 PG 2 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Hematology SC Biophysics; Engineering; Hematology GA 344LR UT WOS:000258929100066 ER PT J AU Ruckelshaus, M Klinger, T Knowlton, N Demaster, DR AF Ruckelshaus, Mary Klinger, Terrie Knowlton, Nancy Demaster, Douglas R. TI Marine ecosystem-based management in practice: Scientific, and governance challenges SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fisheries; marine food webs; marine ecosystem-based management; marine ecosystems; ocean zoning ID ACHIEVING CONSERVATION OBJECTIVES; SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; LONG-TERM DECLINE; MANAGING FISHERIES; RESILIENCE; OCEAN; IMPLEMENTATION; RESERVES; CRISIS AB Ecosystem-based management (EBM) in the ocean is a relatively new approach, and existing applications are evolving front more traditional management of portions of ecosystems. Because comprehensive examples of EBM in the marine environment do not yet exist, we first summarize EBM principles that emerge from the fisheries and marine social and ecological literature. We then apply those principles to four cases in which large parts of marine ecosystems are, being managed, and ask how including additional components of an EBM approach might improve the prospects for those ecosystems, The case studies provide examples of how additional elements of EBM approaches, if applied, could improve ecosystem function. In particular, two promising next steps for applying EBM are to identify management objectives for the ecosystem, including natural and human goals, and to ensure that the governance structure matches with the scale over which ecosystem elements are measured and managed. C1 [Ruckelshaus, Mary] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Klinger, Terrie] Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Knowlton, Nancy] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Ctr Marine Biodivers & Conservat, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Demaster, Douglas R.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Ruckelshaus, M (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mary.ruckelshaus@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 5 U2 48 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD JAN PY 2008 VL 58 IS 1 BP 53 EP 63 DI 10.1641/B580110 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 254FR UT WOS:000252572300011 ER PT J AU Hitchcock, GL Arnold, WS Frischer, M Kelble, C Cowen, RK AF Hitchcock, Gary L. Arnold, William S. Frischer, Marc Kelble, Christopher Cowen, Robert K. TI Short-term dispersal of an intentionally-released patch of larval Mercenaria spp. in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, USA SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MARINE INVERTEBRATE LARVAE; BIVALVE VELIGERS; COASTAL WATERS; DIFFUSION; PREDATION; TRANSPORT; POPULATIONS; MORTALITY; DYNAMICS; TRACKING AB July 1998 approximately 2.5 x 10(8) of recently-spawned Mercenaria spp. larvae were intentionally released in the northernmost basin of the Indian River Lagoon, Florida, to characterize the initial dispersion from a point source at time scales of hours to days. Larval densities measured with a quantitative molecular method indicated ambient concentrations were enhanced by 10 larvae L-I near surface drifters released with the larvae. Surface distributions from samples collected near the drifters indicate that larval patches developed during the first day. Diffusive processes evaluated from dye releases yield apparent diffusivity coefficients that suggest diffusive processes could spread larvae over several km(2) within 2 d. Our observations suggest that high-resolution methods for mapping larvae are essential to better resolve spatial distribution evolution at time scales of hours to days, and spatial scales of tens to hundreds of meters. This capability could better define the temporal evolution of larval distributions following a mass spawning event. C1 [Hitchcock, Gary L.; Cowen, Robert K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Arnold, William S.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fis & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Frischer, Marc] Skidaway Inst Oceanog, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. [Kelble, Christopher] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean Chem Div, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Hitchcock, GL (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM ghitchcock@miami.edu RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; Frischer, Marc/L-5207-2014 OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; NR 62 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1 BP 41 EP 57 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 258BE UT WOS:000252842600004 ER PT J AU Lee, TN Melo, N Johns, E Kelble, C Smith, RH Ortner, P AF Lee, Thomas N. Melo, Nelson Johns, Elizabeth Kelble, Chris Smith, Ryan H. Ortner, Peter TI On water renewal and salinity variability in the northeast subregion of Florida Bay SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID KEYS AB The northeast subregion of Florida Bay receives approximately 75% of the direct freshwater runoff to the bay, most of which is retained within the subregion and has little impact on the dilution of hypersalinity development in adjacent subregions. Using direct measurements of the volume transports through connecting channels and indirectly estimating the total transport to the subregion from mean sea level variability, we show that interior basin water exchanges are weak and controlled by local wind forcing. East-west winds produced seasonally averaged throughflows of 33 and 78 m(3) s(-1) during the El Nino-influenced wet and dry seasons of 2002 and 2003, respectively, and resulted in a one year residence time for the northeast subregion. The long residence time of the interior waters is due to the confining nature of the shallow banks and mangrove borders that surround the northeast subregion, as well as the lack of significant tidal exchange. Weak interbasin exchange results in the trapping of freshwater discharge from the Everglades within the northeast subregion. Development of hypersalinity within the north-central subregion of the bay has been associated with seagrass die-off and algal blooms that can cause water quality reduction in south Florida's coastal waters, including the Florida Keys reef tract. To reduce the development of hypersalinity within this region of the bay it will be necessary to divert a portion of the Everglades flow away from the northeast basin and into Whipray Basin during the dry season. Seasonal water balance estimates made for the northeast subregion and previous estimates from the north-central region indicate that groundwater inflows to Florida Bay are negligible and probably not a factor in water quality considerations. C1 [Lee, Thomas N.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Melo, Nelson; Johns, Elizabeth; Kelble, Chris; Smith, Ryan H.; Ortner, Peter] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lee, TN (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM tlee8@cfl.rr.com RI Kelble, Christopher/A-8511-2008; Melo, Nelson/A-5983-2011; Johns, Elizabeth/I-3547-2013; Smith, Ryan/A-5706-2011 OI Kelble, Christopher/0000-0003-0914-4134; Melo, Nelson/0000-0001-7563-5420; Johns, Elizabeth/0000-0002-2181-5052; Smith, Ryan/0000-0001-9824-6989 NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 8 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1 BP 83 EP 105 PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 258BE UT WOS:000252842600006 ER PT J AU Beerkircher, LR Lee, DW Hinteregger, GF AF Beerkircher, L. R. Lee, D. W. Hinteregger, G. F. TI Roundscale spearfish Tetrapturus georgii: Morphology, distribution, and relative abundance in the western North Atlantic SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB Little information has been produced since the mid 1970s about the roundscale spearfish Tetrapturus georgii (Lowe, 1840). The most complete species description was based on examination of four individuals from the eastern Atlantic. On the basis of detailed laboratory examination of 16 specimens, as well as fishery observer information and,biological samples from an additional 49 individual specimens, we update morphological descriptions and key identification characteristics of this species for the western North Atlantic. Key characters include lateral scale morphology and position of the anal opening; the scales having rounded and broad anterior bases with usually multiple posterior points, and the anal opening located a distance between 0.48 and 0.81 the height of the first anal fin. Distribution and abundance data for this species based on limited pelagic longline observer reports is updated, suggesting T georgii is widely distributed in the western North Atlantic but abundant in the Sargasso Sea during winter months. Additonal data on Istiophoridae species ratio that suggests T georgii may be more common in the western North Atlantic than previously suspected. C1 [Beerkircher, L. R.; Lee, D. W.; Hinteregger, G. F.] NOAA, Fisheries SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Beerkircher, LR (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM lawrence.r.beerkircher@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 82 IS 1 BP 155 EP 170 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 258BE UT WOS:000252842600010 ER PT J AU Brooks, HE Doswell, CA Sutter, D AF Brooks, Harold E. Doswell, Charles A., III Sutter, Daniel TI Low-level winds in tornadoes and potential catastrophic tornado impacts in urban areas SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID OKLAHOMA; DEATHS C1 [Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Doswell, Charles A., III] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Sutter, Daniel] Univ Texas Pan Amer, Edinburg, TX 78541 USA. RP Brooks, HE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RI Doswell III, Charles/E-7662-2010 NR 12 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 87 EP 90 DI 10.1175/BAMS-89-1-87 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 268AV UT WOS:000253551200022 ER PT S AU Seely, JF Feldman, U Suckewer, S Hudson, LT AF Seely, John F. Feldman, Uri Suckewer, Szymon Hudson, Lawrence T. BE Orsitto, FP Gorini, G Sindoni, E Tardocchi, M TI X-ray imaging spectrometer for recording calibrated time-resolved K-shell spectra from magnetically confined fusion plasmas SO BURNING PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Burning Plasma Diagnostics CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Inst Natl Res Council, ENEA DE x-ray spectroscopy; tokamak spectroscopy ID CRYSTAL SPECTROMETER; LASER AB Based on transmission crystal spectrometers recently optimized for recording high-resolution K-shell spectra from laser generated plasmas, an imaging spectrometer has been designed to record Mo and W K-shell spectra from magnetically confined plasmas. The spectrometer can be used to diagnose the electron energy distribution and transport of metal ions from the wall and divertor to the core plasma. C1 [Seely, John F.] Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Feldman, Uri] Artep Inc, Columbia, MD 21042 USA. [Suckewer, Szymon] Princeton Univ, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hudson, Lawrence T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seely, JF (reprint author), Naval Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016 OI Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0507-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 988 BP 201 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHN99 UT WOS:000254687600029 ER PT S AU Feldman, U Seely, JF Landi, E Ralchenko, Y AF Feldman, U. Seely, J. F. Landi, E. Ralchenko, Y. BE Orsitto, FP Gorini, G Sindoni, E Tardocchi, M TI An EUV narrow band imaging technique for diagnosing 10-30 keV ITER plasmas SO BURNING PLASMA DIAGNOSTICS SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Burning Plasma Diagnostics CY SEP 24-28, 2007 CL Varenna, ITALY SP Piero Caldirola Int Ctr Promot Sci & Int Sch Plasma Phys, Plasma Phys Inst Natl Res Council, ENEA DE ITER plasmas; diagnostics AB In this paper we investigate the use of lines from tungsten (W) ions to measure the properties of W impurities in ITER plasmas. We calculate the intensities of the brightest spectral lines expected to be radiated by W ions with wavelengths longer than 45 angstrom, abundance of 10(-4) and at densities of 10(20) m(3). Using the calculated wavelengths and intensities we propose a concept for segmented multilayer-coated imaging telescopes that could be used to investigate the properties of W impurities as a function of time and spare using spectral lines from highly ionized W. C1 [Feldman, U.; Landi, E.] Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. [Seely, J. F.] Naval Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ralchenko, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Bethesda, MD 20889 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), Artep Inc, Ellicott City, MD 21042 USA. RI Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016; Gorini, Giuseppe/H-9595-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554; Gorini, Giuseppe/0000-0002-4673-0901 FU NASA; [NNG06EAI4I]; [NNH06CD24C] FX The work of E. Landi is supported by the NNG06EAI4I, NNH06CD24C and other NASA grants. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0507-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 988 BP 205 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas SC Physics GA BHN99 UT WOS:000254687600030 ER PT J AU Szerlong, RG Rundio, DE AF Szerlong, R. Glenn Rundio, David E. TI A statistical modeling method for estimating mortality and abundance of spawning salmon from a time series of counts SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID UNDER-THE-CURVE; STREAM RESIDENCE TIME; ESCAPEMENT ESTIMATION; RECAPTURE DATA; VISUAL CENSUS; REEF FISHES; SURVEY LIFE; TRANSECT; RATES AB We present a statistical modeling method for estimating mortality and abundance of spawning salmon from time-series counts that eliminates the need for separate information about mortality. We model arrival and mortality using differential equations, where mortality can be constant or changing linearly, and estimate mortality and abundance from counts using maximum likelihood when multiple estimates of detection rate are available. We also develop an approximate likelihood to estimate mortality and abundance when only a single value for detection rate is available or to estimate only mortality when detection rates are entirely unknown. We demonstrate our approach using counts of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) where mortality, abundance, and detection were determined from tagging at a weir. Our model for nonconstant mortality produced mortality estimates that closely matched the empirical data and were robust to variation in other parameters. It also provided a better fit to the stream counts and a closer abundance estimate to the weir count than the constant mortality model. Monte Carlo simulations indicated that the approximate likelihood provided reasonable estimates of mortality over most of the ranges of parameters explored, particularly under the nonconstant mortality model, and produced relatively unbiased abundance estimates using a single value for detection. C1 [Szerlong, R. Glenn; Rundio, David E.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Rundio, DE (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM dave.rundio@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 65 IS 1 BP 17 EP 26 DI 10.1139/F07-141 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 260XR UT WOS:000253044200005 ER PT J AU York, AE Thomason, JR Sinclair, EH Hobson, KA AF York, A. E. Thomason, J. R. Sinclair, E. H. Hobson, K. A. TI Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values in teeth of Steller sea lions: age of weaning and the impact of the 1975-1976 regime shift in the North Pacific Ocean SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article ID CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; FUR SEALS; BERING-SEA; POPULATION DECLINE; WESTERN STOCK; TOOTH ANNULI; BODY-SIZE; ALASKA; FEMALE AB We measured delta N-15 and delta C-13 values and tooth width from the first 4 years' dentinal growth layer groups (GLGs) in the teeth of 113 female Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus (Schreber, 1776)) born between 1960 and 1983, a period that included a large population decrease and a climate regime shift. A linear discriminant analysis on the 613 C and delta N-15 values estimated 60% of Steller sea lions were weaned in their 1st year, 30% in their 2nd year, and 8% in their 3rd year. GLG-1 was wider in "weaned" animals than those still "nursing" in their 2nd year, suggesting that faster growing pups weaned earlier. Except during the regime shift, the average age at weaning increased and the size of GLG-1 in weaned animals decreased. We suggest that during the regime shift a greater proportion of pups which survived (to have their teeth sampled for this study) grew faster and were weaned by the end of their 1st year. We hypothesize that the long-term weaning age increase and growth rate decrease are consistent with a change in relative mortality of weaned pups and those that continued to nurse, possibly caused by a reduction in available resources, characterized as a switch from a "live-fast" to a "live-slow" life history. C1 [Hobson, K. A.] Environm Canada, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. [York, A. E.; Thomason, J. R.; Sinclair, E. H.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP York, AE (reprint author), 6018 Sycamore Ave, Seattle, WA 98107 USA. EM york@zipcon.net NR 60 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 65 AURIGA DR, SUITE 203, OTTAWA, ON K2E 7W6, CANADA SN 0008-4301 EI 1480-3283 J9 CAN J ZOOL JI Can. J. Zool. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 86 IS 1 BP 33 EP 44 DI 10.1139/Z07-108 PG 12 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 271TD UT WOS:000253810700005 ER PT J AU Jakupciak, JP Gallant, ND Smith, AH Becker, ML Tona, A Atha, DH AF Jakupciak, John P. Gallant, Nathan D. Smith, Adrienne H. Becker, Matthew L. Tona, Alessandro Atha, Donald H. TI Improved methods and standards for telomerase detection: Quantitative histopathology using antibody staining SO CANCER BIOMARKERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0153 J9 CANCER BIOMARK JI Cancer Biomark. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 130 EP 131 PG 2 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 365JW UT WOS:000260403300016 ER PT J AU Maragh, S AF Maragh, Samantha TI Mitochondrial genome deletion aids in the identification of false- and true-negative prostate needle core biopsy specimens SO CANCER BIOMARKERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Maragh, Samantha] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0153 J9 CANCER BIOMARK JI Cancer Biomark. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 151 EP 151 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 365JW UT WOS:000260403300053 ER PT J AU Xiao, Y Gao, XG Gannot, G Emmert-Buck, MR Srivastava, S Wagner, PD Amos, MD Barker, PE AF Xiao, Yan Gao, Xiugong Gannot, Gallya Emmert-Buck, Michael R. Srivastava, Sudhir Wagner, Paul D. Amos, Michael D. Barker, Peter E. TI Quantitation of HER2 and telomerase biomarkers in solid tumors with IgY antibodies and nanocrystal detection SO CANCER BIOMARKERS LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Xiao, Yan] NIST, NCI, EDRN Canc Biomarker Reference Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gao, Xiugong] Translabion, Clarksburg, MD USA. [Gannot, Gallya; Emmert-Buck, Michael R.] NCI, Pathogenesis Unit, Lab Pathol & Urol, Oncol Branch,Ctr Canc Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Srivastava, Sudhir; Wagner, Paul D.] NCI, Canc Biomarker Res Grp, Canc Prevent Div, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Amos, Michael D.; Barker, Peter E.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yan.xiao@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOS PRESS PI AMSTERDAM PA NIEUWE HEMWEG 6B, 1013 BG AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0153 J9 CANCER BIOMARK JI Cancer Biomark. PY 2008 VL 4 IS 3 BP 168 EP 168 PG 1 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 365JW UT WOS:000260403300083 ER PT J AU Vogel, GL Chow, LC Carey, CM AF Vogel, G. L. Chow, L. C. Carey, C. M. TI Calcium Pre-Rinse Greatly Increases Overnight Salivary Fluoride after a 228 ppm Fluoride Rinse SO CARIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Calcium; Fluoride; Pre-rinse; Saliva ID 2-SOLUTION RINSE; PLAQUE FLUID; DENTIFRICE; VIVO AB Background: Large increases in salivary fluoride were reported 1 h after a calcium pre-rinse/NaF rinse. Aims: This study examined the persistence of these increases. Methods: 12 subjects rinsed in the evening with water, with a 228 mu g/g (ppm) F rinse or with 150 mmol/l calcium lactate followed by a 228 mu g/g F rinse. In a second experiment these same patients rinsed with a 912 mu g/g F rinse. Saliva samples were obtained the morning after rinsing, centrifuged and the supernatants analyzed. Results: The Ca pre-rinse/228 mu g/g F rinse induced an increase in overnight salivary F over the 912 mu g/g F rinse (approximate to 2.5 times) and a statistically significant increase over the 228 mu g/g F rinse (approximate to 5.5 times). Conclusions: The results suggest that a Ca pretreatment may increase the cariostatic effect of topical F agents. Copyright (C) 2008 S. Karger AG, Basel. C1 [Vogel, G. L.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogel, GL (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jvogel@nist.gov FU American Dental Association Foundation; National Institutes of Health - National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [DE14707]; National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This study was supported by a grant from the American Dental Association Foundation and by USPHS Research DE14707 to the American Dental Association Foundation from the National Institutes of Health - National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, and is part of the dental research program conducted by the National Institute of Standards and Technology in cooperation with the American Dental Association Foundation. NR 24 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU KARGER PI BASEL PA ALLSCHWILERSTRASSE 10, CH-4009 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0008-6568 J9 CARIES RES JI Caries Res. PY 2008 VL 42 IS 5 BP 401 EP 404 DI 10.1159/000154786 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 358BV UT WOS:000259892400012 PM 18781069 ER PT J AU Lockhart, SJ Jones, CD AF Lockhart, S. J. Jones, C. D. TI BIOGEOGRAPHIC PATTERNS OF BENTHIC INVERTEBRATE MEGAFAUNA ON SHELF AREAS WITHIN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN ATLANTIC SECTOR SO CCAMLR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE bioregionalisation; benthic invertebrates; megafauna; zonation; water masses; Antarctic Circumpolar Current; iceberg scouring; hexactinellid; CCAMLR ID ANTARCTIC BENTHOS; COMMUNITIES; WEDDELL; IMPACT; BIODIVERSITY; RECOVERY; GROWTH; FAUNA; WATER AB Bioregionalisation of Antarctic and Southern Ocean shelf communities ideally incorporates a range of data on physical, environmental and biological properties. Analysis of the benthic invertebrate megafaunal assemblages of shelf habitats within the Atlantic sector, from scientific survey trawl catches, reveals distributional patterns. For the northern Antarctic Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands, the data indicate a two-layered pattern based on standardised total biomass data and the composition of phyla that contribute to that biomass. An examination of physical oceanographic data reveals a pattern of shelf faunal zonation: the benthic invertebrate communities on the northern shelves of the South Shetland Islands and the northern Antarctic Peninsula can apparently be separated into zones based on the physical properties of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and the Weddell water masses that meet and mix in this region. Evident at smaller spatial scales are the effects of disturbance regimes, whether by iceberg scouring or historical commercial bottom trawling. Patterns of benthic invertebrate biomass are also described for the South Orkney Islands, as well as general patterns of phylum-level composition for South Georgia, the South Sandwich and Bouvet Islands. These regions are generally echinoderm-dominated, compared to the hexactinellid sponge-dominated northern Antarctic Peninsula region. C1 [Lockhart, S. J.; Jones, C. D.] NOAA, US Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Jones, CD (reprint author), NOAA, US Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM chris.d.jones@noaa.gov FU US National Science Foundation Grant [OPP-0132032] FX The authors wish to thank the captains and crews of the RV Yuzhmorgeologiya and RV/IB Nathaniel B. Palmer. This research could not have been conducted without the assistance of many on board whose cheerful and untiring assistance in sorting the massive amounts of benthos is gratefully acknowledged. Proving critical to the formation of the ideas presented here, we are most grateful to Christian Reiss for his descriptions of the physical oceanographic characteristics of our study area, and also for putting together Figure 12 from unpublished data. Constructive manuscript review was provided by K. Linse, J. Gutt and B. Fernholm, for which we are most appreciative. US National Science Foundation Grant OPP-0132032 awarded to H. William Detrich contributed funding for the ICEFISH cruise. NR 28 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU C C A M L R TI PI NORTH HOBART PA PO BOX 213, NORTH HOBART, TAS 7002, AUSTRALIA SN 1023-4063 J9 CCAMLR SCI JI CCAMLR Sci. PY 2008 VL 15 BP 167 EP 192 PG 26 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 380KX UT WOS:000261465700009 ER PT S AU Voss, B Webster, J AF Voss, Brian Webster, Janet BE Anderson, KL TI NORTH PACIFIC MARINE SCIENCE ORGANIZATION (PICES) PUBLICATIONS: WHAT'S THE ACCESS AND WHERE'S THE VALUE? SO CHANGES ON THE HORIZON SE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF AQUATIC AND MARINE SCIENCE, LIBRARIES AND INFORMATION CONFERENCE SERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 33rd Annual Conference of the International-Association-of-Aquatic-and-Marine-Science-Libraries-and-In formation-Centers CY OCT 07-11, 2007 CL Sarasota, FL SP Int Assoc Aquat & Marine Sci Libraries & Informat Ctr DE Open access; information handling; digital archives; grey literature; citation patterns AB In a fit of cooperation and with an eye on the future, 1AMSLIC and PICES have been reviewing PICES publications to enhance access through better indexing and online presence. The impressive body of publications by the North Pacific Marine Science Organization, the North Pacific equivalent of ICES, ranges from annual reports to newsletters to special issues of peer reviewed journals. We worked with our PICES counterparts to identify the body of publications, evaluate cost, explore options and describe impact of the publications on science. Our findings will be presented at the PICES Annual Meeting in late October 2007. C1 [Voss, Brian] NOAA, Seattle Reg Lib, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM janet.webster@oregonstate.edu NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU INT ASSOC MARINE SCIENCE LIBRARIES & INFORMATION CENTER PI FORT PIERCE PA C/O HBOI LIBRARY, 5600 OLD DIXIE HWY, FORT PIERCE, FL 34946 USA SN 8755-6332 J9 IAMSLIC C S PY 2008 VL 33 BP 37 EP 54 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Fisheries; Information Science & Library Science; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Computer Science; Fisheries; Information Science & Library Science; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA BJE73 UT WOS:000265214600005 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM Fleming, RF AF Lindstrom, Richard M. Fleming, Ronald F. TI Neutron Self-Shielding Factors for Simple Geometries, Revisited SO CHEMIA ANALITYCZNA LA English DT Article DE Algorithms; Literature quality; Neutrons; Scattering; Self-Absorption; Self-Shielding ID SCATTERING AB To assure quality Measurements, the algorithms used in data analysis need to be demonstrably correct. In practice, however, some less transparent or more complicated algorithms may be difficult to trace back to their original derivation. We point out that a commonly cited publication in neutron self-shielding is in need of correction in sonic details. C1 [Lindstrom, Richard M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fleming, Ronald F.] Univ Michigan, Dept Nucl Engn & Radiol Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.lindstrom@nist.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU POLSKIE TOWARZYSTWO CHEMICZNE-POLISH CHEMICAL SOC PI WARSAW PA UL PASTEUVA 1, WARSAW, 02093, POLAND SN 0009-2223 J9 CHEM ANAL-WARSAW JI Chem. Anal. PY 2008 VL 53 IS 6 BP 855 EP 859 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 401XH UT WOS:000262975600009 ER PT B AU Brown, GE Trainor, TP Chaka, AM AF Brown, Gordon E., Jr. Trainor, Thomas P. Chaka, Anne M. BE Nilsson, A Pettersson, LGM Norskov, JK TI Geochemistry of Mineral Surfaces and Factors Affecting Their Chemical Reactivity SO CHEMICAL BONDING AT SURFACES AND INTERFACES LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID X-RAY-ABSORPTION; BOND-VALENCE DETERMINATION; OXIDE-WATER INTERFACES; SCANNING-TUNNELING-MICROSCOPY; PB(II) SORPTION PRODUCTS; SOLID-SOLUTION INTERFACE; ALPHA-AL2O3 0001 SURFACE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; CRYSTAL TRUNCATION RODS; STANDING-WAVE TECHNIQUE C1 [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, SLAC, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Chaka, Anne M.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brown, GE (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Surface & Aqueous Geochem Grp, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. NR 185 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS BN 978-0-08-055191-3; 978-0-444-52837-7 PY 2008 BP 457 EP 509 DI 10.1016/B978-044452837-7.50008-3 PG 53 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BEO61 UT WOS:000317589800008 ER PT B AU O'Connell, TA Choong, YY AF O'Connell, Theresa A. Choong, Yee-Yin GP ACM BE Burnett, M Costabile, MF Catarci, T DeRuyter, B Tan, D Czerwinski, M Lund, A TI Metrics for Measuring Human Interaction with Interactive Visualizations for Information Analysis SO CHI 2008: 26TH ANNUAL CHI CONFERENCE ON HUMAN FACTORS IN COMPUTING SYSTEMS VOLS 1 AND 2, CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th Annual CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems CY APR 05-10, 2008 CL Florence, ITALY SP ACM SIGCHI, Microsoft, Google, Autodesk, NSF, Oracle, SAP, SOURCEFORGE, Nokia, eLearn Magazine DE Metrics; information visualization; usability; evaluation; heuristics ID SYSTEMS AB There is a lack of widely-accepted metrics for evaluating analysts' experiences with interactive visualizations (IV) for information analysis. We report an approach for developing analyst-centered IV metrics that is built upon understanding the workplace needs and experiences of information analysts with respect to IVs. We derive metrics from human-computer interaction heuristics, specializing the metrics to address the characteristics of IVs and analysts. When there are no existing heuristics, analysts' needs and experiences inform new heuristics. C1 [O'Connell, Theresa A.; Choong, Yee-Yin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP O'Connell, TA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM theresa.oconnell@nist.gov; yee-yin.choong@nist.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-60558-011-1 PY 2008 BP 1493 EP 1496 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA BKM80 UT WOS:000268586100180 ER PT J AU Diaz, HF Murnane, RJ AF Diaz, Henry F. Murnane, Richard J. BE Diaz, HF Murnane, RJ TI The significance of weather and climate extremes to society: an introduction SO CLIMATE EXTREMES AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TROPICAL CYCLONES; HURRICANE INTENSITY; CHANGING CLIMATE; TRENDS C1 [Diaz, Henry F.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Murnane, Richard J.] RPI BIOS, Garrett Pk, MD 20896 USA. RP Diaz, HF (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 20 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-87028-3 PY 2008 BP 1 EP 7 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511535840.003 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511535840 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAV53 UT WOS:000305627400003 ER PT B AU Pulwarty, RS AF Pulwarty, Roger S. BE Diaz, HF Murnane, RJ TI CLIMATE EXTREMES AND SOCIETY Foreword SO CLIMATE EXTREMES AND SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. RP Pulwarty, RS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Boulder, CO USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-87028-3 PY 2008 BP XI EP XII DI 10.1017/CBO9780511535840.001 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511535840 PG 2 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAV53 UT WOS:000305627400001 ER PT J AU Easterling, DR AF Easterling, David R. BE Diaz, HF Murnane, RJ TI Observed changes in the global distribution of daily temperature and precipitation extremes SO CLIMATE EXTREMES AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DAILY CLIMATE EXTREMES; FROST-FREE SEASON; UNITED-STATES; TEMPORAL VARIATIONS; OBSERVED TRENDS; SOUTH-AMERICA; INDEXES; 20TH-CENTURY; MAXIMUM; CANADA C1 NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Easterling, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-87028-3 PY 2008 BP 24 EP 34 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511535840.005 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511535840 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAV53 UT WOS:000305627400005 ER PT J AU Brooks, HE Dotzek, N AF Brooks, Harold E. Dotzek, Nikolai BE Diaz, HF Murnane, RJ TI The spatial distribution of severe convective storms and an analysis of their secular changes SO CLIMATE EXTREMES AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID TORNADO INTENSITY DISTRIBUTIONS; UNITED-STATES; SEVERE THUNDERSTORM; CLIMATOLOGY; ENVIRONMENTS; PROBABILITY; REANALYSIS; PARAMETERS; GERMANY; DAMAGE C1 [Brooks, Harold E.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Dotzek, Nikolai] DLR IPA, Dept Atmospher Dynam, D-82234 Oberpfaffenhofen, Wessling, Germany. RP Brooks, HE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, 1313 Halley Circle, Norman, OK 73069 USA. NR 41 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 1 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-87028-3 PY 2008 BP 35 EP 53 DI 10.1017/CBO9780511535840.006 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511535840 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAV53 UT WOS:000305627400006 ER PT J AU Knutson, TR Tuleya, RE AF Knutson, Thomas R. Tuleya, Robert E. BE Diaz, HF Murnane, RJ TI Tropical cyclones and climate change: revisiting recent studies at GFDL SO CLIMATE EXTREMES AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SIMULATED HURRICANE INTENSITY; AVAILABLE POTENTIAL-ENERGY; SURFACE-TEMPERATURE TRENDS; EXTENDED RECONSTRUCTION; MAXIMUM INTENSITY; CONVECTIVE SCHEME; AIR-TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; UNITED-STATES; MODEL C1 [Knutson, Thomas R.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Tuleya, Robert E.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. RP Knutson, TR (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. NR 59 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-87028-3 PY 2008 BP 120 EP + DI 10.1017/CBO9780511535840.010 D2 10.1017/CBO9780511535840 PG 51 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BAV53 UT WOS:000305627400010 ER PT S AU Bronnimann, S Ewen, T Luterbacher, J Diaz, HF Stolarski, RS Neu, U AF Broennimann, S. Ewen, T. Luterbacher, J. Diaz, H. F. Stolarski, R. S. Neu, U. BE Bronnimann, S Luterbacher, J Ewen, T Diaz, HF Stolarski, RS Neu, U TI A focus on climate during the past 100 years SO CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND EXTREMES DURING THE PAST 100 YEARS SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Climate Variability and Extremes in the Past 100 Years CY JUL 24-26, 2006 CL Thun, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss RE NCCR Climate, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, ProClim, Univ Bern, Max & Elsa Beer Brawand Fdn ID SURFACE AIR-TEMPERATURE; EUROPEAN SUMMER; SEA-LEVEL; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; VOLCANIC-ERUPTIONS; SOLAR-CYCLE; VARIABILITY; TRENDS; OCEAN; PRESSURE AB The past 100 years are a key period for understanding climate variability and climate change as it marks the changeover from a climate system dominated by natural influences to one significantly dominated by anthropogenic activities. This volume is a compilation of contributions to a workshop dealing with different aspects of climate change, variability, and extremes during the past 100 years. The individual contributions cover a broad range of topics, from the re-evaluation of historical marine data to the effect of solar variability on the stratosphere. In this introductory chapter we provide an overview of the book in the context of recent research. C1 [Broennimann, S.; Ewen, T.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. [Luterbacher, J.] Univ Bern, NCCR Climate & Oeschger Ctr, Climate Change Res & Inst Geog, Bern, Switzerland. [Diaz, H. F.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Stolarski, R. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Neu, U.] ProClim, Bern, Switzerland. RP Bronnimann, S (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, Zurich, Switzerland. EM stefan.broniiimann@env.ethz.ch; tracy.ewen@env.ethz.ch; juerg@giub.unibe.ch; henry.f.diaz@noaa.gov; Richard.S.Stolarski@nasa.gov; neu@scnat.ch RI Bronnimann, Stefan/A-5737-2008 FU Swiss National Science Foundation; US Department of Energy; NCCR Climate; Swiss RE; Max and Elsa Beer-Brawand Foundation; ProClim FX SB, TE, and JL were funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation; HFD was supported by a grant from the US Department of Energy. We would like to acknowledge NCCR Climate, Swiss RE, the Max and Elsa Beer-Brawand Foundation, the Swiss National Science Foundation, and ProClim for sponsoring the meeting and the Gwatt Centre (Switzerland) for hosting the workshop and providing the photo in Fig. 9. Mark Baldwin provided the NAM data (Fig. 11). We also thank the Climatic Research Unit (Univ. East Anglia, UK), the UK Met Office, MeteoSwiss, and the NASA TOMS team for providing data. The paper was sent to all contributors of this volume, and we thankfully included all of their comments NR 88 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-6765-5 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2008 VL 33 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6766-2_1 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BHL31 UT WOS:000254027000001 ER PT S AU Woodruff, SD Diaz, HF Kent, EC ReynoldS, RW Worley, SJ AF Woodruff, S. D. Diaz, H. F. Kent, E. C. ReynoldS, R. W. Worley, S. J. BE Bronnimann, S Luterbacher, J Ewen, T Diaz, HF Stolarski, RS Neu, U TI The evolving SST record from ICOADS SO CLIMATE VARIABILITY AND EXTREMES DURING THE PAST 100 YEARS SE Advances in Global Change Research LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Climate Variability and Extremes in the Past 100 Years CY JUL 24-26, 2006 CL Thun, SWITZERLAND SP Swiss RE NCCR Climate, Swiss Natl Sci Fdn, ProClim, Univ Bern, Max & Elsa Beer Brawand Fdn ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; ESTIMATING CLIMATIC TRENDS; IN-SITU; EXTENDED RECONSTRUCTION; BIAS CORRECTIONS; REANALYSIS; UNCERTAINTIES; VALIDATION; IMPACT; COADS AB Sea surface temperature (SST) is a key oceanic variable - widely used for research, including global climate change assessments and atmospheric reanalyses. This paper reviews the evolution of the SST data and products available from the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS), since that project's inception in 1981. Climate-scale SST products based on ICOADS (or related in situ data) are also reviewed. Measurements of SST have been made since around the early 1800s from ships, augmented in recent decades by in situ measurements from buoys and other automated Ocean Data Acquisition Systems (ODAS). SST, unlike some other ICOADS variables such as surface air temperature or humidity, is observed from space with reasonable accuracy. However, without reference to in situ measurements most satellite-based SST products will contain large-scale biases due to varying atmospheric composition and imperfect instrumental calibration. ICOADS is vital to the removal of such biases, which are especially large following volcanic eruptions. We describe products combining in situ and satellite SSTs that exploit the strengths of each type of measurement, to yield both high resolution and high accuracy. Finally, we discuss future developments anticipated for lCOADS and SST products, such as further blending of metadata and enhanced product uncertainty assessments. C1 [Woodruff, S. D.; Diaz, H. F.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Washington, DC 20233 USA. [Kent, E. C.] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton, Hants, England. [ReynoldS, R. W.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Worley, S. J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. RP Woodruff, SD (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Washington, DC 20233 USA. EM Scott.D.Woodruff@noaa.gov; henry.Ediaz@noaa.gov; elizabeth.c.kent@noc.soton.ac.uk; Richard.W.Reynolds@noaa.gov; worley@ucar.edu RI Kent, Elizabeth/C-1281-2011 OI Kent, Elizabeth/0000-0002-6209-4247 NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-0919 BN 978-1-4020-6765-5 J9 ADV GLOB CHANGE RES JI Adv. Glob. Change Res. PY 2008 VL 33 BP 65 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4020-6766-2_4 PG 5 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BHL31 UT WOS:000254027000004 ER PT J AU Mendoza, L Belone, AFF Vilela, R Rehtanz, M Bossart, GD Reif, JS Fair, PA Durden, WN Leger, JS Travassos, LR Rosa, PS AF Mendoza, Leonel Belone, Andrea F. F. Vilela, Raquel Rehtanz, Manuela Bossart, Gregory D. Reif, John S. Fair, Patricia A. Durden, Wendy N. Leger, Judy St. Travassos, Luiz R. Rosa, Patricia S. TI Use of sera from humans and dolphins with lacaziosis and sera from experimentally infected mice for Western blot analyses of Lacazia loboi antigens SO CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHIN; PARACOCCIDIOIDES-BRASILIENSIS; 43-KILODALTON GLYCOPROTEIN; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; LOBOMYCOSIS; DISEASE; DIAGNOSIS; PATHOGEN; ASSAY AB Antibodies in the sera of patients with lacaziosis recognized an similar to 193-kDa antigen and other Lacazia loboi antigens. Paracoccidioides brasiliensis gp43 antigen was detected by all evaluated sera, but they failed to detect a protein with the same molecular mass in L. loboi extracts. This study is the first to examine the humoral response to L. loboi antigens by using multiple host sera. C1 [Mendoza, Leonel; Vilela, Raquel] Michigan State Univ, Diagnost Program, Biomed Lab, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Belone, Andrea F. F.; Rosa, Patricia S.] Inst Lauro Souza Lima, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Rehtanz, Manuela] NYU, Dept Basic Sci Infect Dis, New York, NY USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ctr Coastal Res, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Durden, Wendy N.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, Orlando, FL 32821 USA. [Leger, Judy St.] SeaWorld, Dept Pathol, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Travassos, Luiz R.] Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Microbiol Immunol & Parasitol, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Mendoza, L (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Diagnost Program, Biomed Lab, Dept Microbiol & Mol Genet, 322 N Kedzie Hall, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM mendoza9@msu.edu RI Rosa, Patricia/G-5880-2012; Travassos, Luiz/J-3631-2012 NR 32 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER SOC MICROBIOLOGY PI WASHINGTON PA 1752 N ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036-2904 USA SN 1556-6811 EI 1556-679X J9 CLIN VACCINE IMMUNOL JI Clin. Vaccine Immunol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 1 BP 164 EP 167 DI 10.1128/CVI.00201-07 PG 4 WC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology SC Immunology; Infectious Diseases; Microbiology GA 340BE UT WOS:000258620300021 PM 17959822 ER PT J AU Kite-Powell, H Colgan, C Weiher, R AF Kite-Powell, Hauke Colgan, Charles Weiher, Rodney TI Estimating the economic benefits of regional ocean observing systems SO COASTAL MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE benefit estimation; economic benefits; ocean observing systems AB This article introduces a theme issue of the Coastal Management Journal comprising a set of articles on the potential economic benefits from new investments in coastal ocean observing systems. We describe a methodology to estimate these benefits, and apply this methodology to generate preliminary estimates of such benefits. The approach focuses on coastal ocean observing information within ten geographic regions encompassing all coastal waters of the United States, and within a wide range of industrial and recreational activities including recreational fishing and boating, beach recreation, maritime transportation, search and rescue operations, spill response, marine hazards prediction, offshore energy, power generation, and commercial fishing. Our findings suggest that annual benefits to users are likely to run in the multiple $100s of millions of dollars. The project results should be considered first-order estimates that are subject to considerable refinement as the parameters of regional observing systems are better defined, and as our understanding of user sectors improves. C1 [Kite-Powell, Hauke] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Colgan, Charles] Univ So Maine, Portland, ME 04103 USA. [Weiher, Rodney] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Kite-Powell, H (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Policy Ctr, Mail Stop 41, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM hauke@whoi.edu NR 16 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0892-0753 J9 COAST MANAGE JI Coast. Manage. PY 2008 VL 36 IS 2 BP 125 EP 145 DI 10.1080/08920750701868002 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270OG UT WOS:000253729500001 ER PT B AU Hoffmann, P Feng, SC Ameta, G Ghodous, P Qiao, LH AF Hoffmann, Patrick Feng, Shaw C. Ameta, Gaurav Ghodous, Parisa Qiao, Lihong BE Curran, R Chou, SY Trappey, A TI Towards a Multi-View Semantic Model for Product Feature Description SO COLLABORATIVE PRODUCTIVE AND SERVICE LIFE CYCLE MANAGEMENT FOR A SUSTAINABLE WORLD LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 15th International Conference on Concurrent Engineering CY AUG 18-22, 2008 CL Belfast, NORTH IRELAND SP ISPE DE Feature-based design; feature modeling; interoperability; multi-view model; semantic model ID INTEGRATION; INFORMATION; ONTOLOGY; EXCHANGE; DESIGN AB Multiple perspectives need to be included in a product development process. Engineers from different departments usually have different views on a product design. It is hence necessary to define information structures that support multiple views. This paper provides an analysis and approach to develop a multi-view semantic model of three levels to describe product features. We base our analysis on a three-level conceptulization of engineering design features. The base level is substance, the intermediate level is view, and the top level is purpose. A multi-view semantic model will enhance semantic integrity of feature information throughout the product development for sharing information, such as design intent, manufacturing capability, and quality requirements. C1 [Hoffmann, Patrick; Feng, Shaw C.; Ameta, Gaurav] NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8263, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hoffmann, Patrick; Ghodous, Parisa] Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Univ, LIRIS Lab, Lyon, France. [Ameta, Gaurav] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ USA. [Qiao, Lihong] Beihang Univ, Dept Ind & Manufacturing Syst Engn, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Feng, SC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8263, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shaw.feng@nist.gov FU NIST Sustainable and Lifecycle Information-based Manufacturing Program FX The authors gratefully acknowledge helpful discussions with and comments from Thomas Kramer and Xenia Fiorentini. Funding for this work was provided by the NIST Sustainable and Lifecycle Information-based Manufacturing Program. NR 23 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-1-84800-971-4 PY 2008 BP 205 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-84800-972-1_19 PG 4 WC Engineering, Industrial SC Engineering GA BIU94 UT WOS:000262978300019 ER PT J AU Wakatsuki, K Jackson, GS Kim, J Hamins, A Nyden, MR Fuss, SP AF Wakatsuki, Kaoru Jackson, Gregory S. Kim, Jungho Hamins, Anthony Nyden, Marc R. Fuss, Stephen P. TI Determination of planck mean absorption coefficients for hydrocarbon fuels SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE absorption; fire; radiation; spectrally-resolved measurements ID INFRARED RADIATION PROPERTIES; ELEVATED-TEMPERATURES; POOL FIRES; DATABASE; METHANE; SPECTRA; HITRAN; VAPOR AB Infrared transmission of propane, n-heptane and propylene samples was measured using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for temperatures <= 1000K to facilitate calculation of absorption coefficients of fuel molecules at temperatures representative of non-premixed flame interiors. Spectrally resolved fits of the absorption coefficient data using a semi-empirical quantum-based expression provide a basis for calculating infrared spectra at any temperature. Experimentally-derived Planck mean absorption coefficients (kappa(P)) of these fuels are compared with that of methane calculated from the HITRAN database since methane absorption has been used to model fuel absorption in fires. kappa(P)'s for propane and heptane have similar characteristics over the entire temperature range. Methane and propylene with their higher proportion of absorption in low frequency bands have peak kappa(P) at lower temperatures where blackbody radiation intensity peaks near the spectral range of these bands. Propylene with low frequency absorption bands associated with the C=C bond has the highest kappa(P) at temperatures < 600 K. N-heptane has the largest kappa(P) at temperatures >= 800K where blackbody emission intensity peaks near or above the spectral range of the C-H stretching bands. Implications of these results on fuel absorption of radiative heat transfer in flames are discussed. C1 [Jackson, Gregory S.; Kim, Jungho] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Wakatsuki, Kaoru] Natl Res Inst Fire & Disaster, Large Scale Fire Lab, Tokyo, Japan. [Hamins, Anthony; Nyden, Marc R.; Fuss, Stephen P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jackson, GS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM gsjackso@umd.edu RI Jackson, Gregory/N-9919-2014 OI Jackson, Gregory/0000-0002-8928-2459 NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 180 IS 4 BP 616 EP 630 DI 10.1080/00102200701838941 PG 15 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 313VP UT WOS:000256768400003 ER PT J AU Yozgatligil, A Zachariah, MR AF Yozgatligil, Ahmet Zachariah, Micheal R. TI Measurement of soot surface growth kinetics SO COMBUSTION SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th Mediterranean Combustion Symposium CY SEP 09-13, 2007 CL Monastir, TUNISIA SP Combust Inst, Int Ctr Heat & Mass Transfer DE DMA; ethylene; soot; surface growth ID AEROSOLS AB Surface growth is one of the major steps in the soot formation processes where most of the total mass is formed. Freshly generated soot from an ethylene diffusion flame was sampled and mixed with ethylene in a flow tube at elevated temperatures and using nitrogen as the carrier gas. The changes in the size of the soot particles after hydrocarbon addition were measured using a differential mobility analyzer. These measurements showed a significant mass increase of soot particles as a result of the hydrocarbon addition where the total number density remained the same. Soot surface growth kinetics were obtained from the changes in the size, surface area and volume distributions. The activation energy (Ea) for ethylene was obtained. Pure pyrolysis experiments for ethylene were also performed. The surface growth process yield was found to be higher than the yield of the pyrolysis process. C1 [Yozgatligil, Ahmet] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Zachariah, Micheal R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zachariah, Micheal R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn & Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Yozgatligil, A (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Mech Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. EM hmety@metu.edu.tr RI Yozgatligil, Ahmet/A-9682-2016 OI Yozgatligil, Ahmet/0000-0002-7655-7695 NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 13 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0010-2202 J9 COMBUST SCI TECHNOL JI Combust. Sci. Technol. PY 2008 VL 180 IS 5 BP 941 EP 949 DI 10.1080/00102200801894430 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 287XK UT WOS:000254949800016 ER PT J AU Schaufler, LE Vollenweider, JJ Moles, A AF Schaufler, Lawrence E. Vollenweider, Johanna J. Moles, Adam TI Changes in the lipid class and proximate compositions of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts infected with the nematode parasite Philonema agubernaculum SO COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY B-BIOCHEMISTRY & MOLECULAR BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE free fatty acids; lipid class; parasite; phospholipids; pacific salmon ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; PARATENUISENTIS-AMBIGUUS; HOST EEL; TRANSFORMATION; METABOLISM; SALAR; WATER; SIZE AB Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) smolts infected with the nematode Philonema agubernaculum had 36% lower mean lipid content (1.4%) than nonparasitized coho salmon (2.2%) harvested simultaneously from the same outmigration. Lengths, weights, and condition factors, as well as protein and moisture content, did not differ significantly between the two groups. Lipid class compositions differed significantly between the parasitized and nonparasitized fish. None of the nematode-infected fish contained detectable triacylglycerols (TAG) or monoacylglycerols (MAG). In contrast, mean TAG and MAG contents of the nonparasitized fish totaled 5.5% of the extracted lipid. Infected smolts had lower cholesterol contents than did uninfected coho (17% for infected, 33% for uninfected). Parasitized fish had significantly higher levels of free fatty acids (mean of 57% for parasitized vs. 35% for nonparasitized) as well as the phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). However, the PC/PE ratios for infected and noninfected coho did not differ significantly (2.2 for infected vs. 2.0 for uninfected). These differences suggest that the parasitic nematodes are either harvesting storage energy directly from the coho or are placing additional energetic demands on the fish to cope with the infection. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Schaufler, Lawrence E.; Vollenweider, Johanna J.; Moles, Adam] Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Schaufler, LE (reprint author), Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Auke Bay Labs, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Lawrence.Schaufler@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1096-4959 J9 COMP BIOCHEM PHYS B JI Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B-Biochem. Mol. Biol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 149 IS 1 BP 148 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.09.003 PG 5 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Zoology GA 277NI UT WOS:000254219600015 PM 17920968 ER PT S AU Sakuma, Y Urakami, N Ogata, Y Nagao, M Komura, S Imai, M AF Sakuma, Y. Urakami, N. Ogata, Y. Nagao, M. Komura, S. Imai, M. BE Tokuyama, M Oppenheim, I Nishiyama, H TI Dynamics of nano-meter-sized domains on a vesicle SO COMPLEX SYSTEMS-BOOK 1 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Workshop on Complex Systems CY SEP 25-28, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN DE domain dynamics; lipid raft; nano-meter-sized domain; neutron spin echo; small unilamellar vesicle ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING INSTRUMENT; BIOLOGICAL-MEMBRANES; CELL-MEMBRANES; LIPID RAFTS; SANS-U; STATE; CHOLESTEROL AB We have investigated the dynamics of nano-meter-sized domains on a vesicle composed of saturated phospholipids, unsaturated phospholipids and cholesterols by means of a neutron spin echo technique. The diffusion coeffisient of the domains obtained from the intermediate scattering function is about two orders of magnitude larger than that calculated by Saffman and Delbruck law. From molecular dynamics simulations we found another type of the domain dynamics where the domains are agitated by thermal fluctuation and repeats coalescence and rupture. The relaxation rate of the new mode is about two orders of magnitude larger than that of the diffusion mode. The coalescence and rupture mode of domains may be responsible for the observed domain dynamics. C1 [Sakuma, Y.; Imai, M.] Ochanomizu Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1128610, Japan. [Urakami, N.; Ogata, Y.] Yamaguchi Univ, Dept Phys & Informat Sci, Yamaguchi 753, Japan. [Nagao, M.] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Nagao, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Komura, S.] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Chem, Hachioji, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. RP Sakuma, Y (reprint author), Ochanomizu Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1128610, Japan. FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo [7606] FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. This work was performed using SANS-U of the Institute for Solid State Physics, the University of Tokyo (Proposal No. 7606). NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0501-1 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 982 BP 717 EP + PG 2 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Mechanics; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Mechanics; Physics; Polymer Science GA BHK30 UT WOS:000253834300127 ER PT J AU Ivester, RW AF Ivester, Robert W. TI Productivity improvement through modeling: An overview of manufacturing experience for the food industry SO COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12 World Congress of Food Science and Technology CY JUL 16-20, 2003 CL Chicago, IL SP IFT, Int Union Food Sci & Technol ID CONTINUOUS CHIP FORMATION; MACHINING PROCESS; TOOL; MECHANICS; PREDICTION; SIMULATION; DISTORTION; SYSTEMS; ABSENCE AB Food production and manufacturing of durable goods share common needs for understanding, modeling, and controlling processing conditions in order to obtain desirable product characteristics. This article presents a review of research on manufacturing process modeling, with a focus on historical developments in the metrology and standards infrastructure to improve productivity and competitiveness of machining systems. To remain competitive, manufacturing requires accurate and reliable machines and processes whose characteristics are known and guaranteed for a wide variety of tasks and conditions. Productive, high-quality manufacturing will increasingly rely on a science-based understanding and monitoring of the available machining processes and equipment to produce the first part and every subsequent part on time and to specification with no significant time spent on process development or setup. C1 NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ivester, RW (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8223, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ivester@nist.gov NR 116 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-4337 J9 COMPR REV FOOD SCI F JI Compr. Rev. Food. Sci. Food Saf. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 182 EP 191 DI 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2007.00035.x PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 308GB UT WOS:000256375200004 ER PT J AU Ivester, RW AF Ivester, Robert W. TI Productivity improvement through modeling: An overview of manufacturing experience for the food industry SO COMPREHENSIVE REVIEWS IN FOOD SCIENCE AND FOOD SAFETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12 World Congress of Food Science and Technology CY JUL 16-20, 2003 CL Chicago, IL SP IFT, Int Union Food Sci & Technol ID CONTINUOUS CHIP FORMATION; MACHINING PROCESS; TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTIONS; TOOL; MECHANICS; SIMULATION; PREDICTION; DISTORTION; SYSTEMS; ABSENCE AB Food production and manufacturing of durable goods share common needs for understanding, modeling, and controlling processing conditions in order to obtain desirable product characteristics. This article presents a review of research on manufacturing process modeling, with a focus on historical developments in the metrology and standards infrastructure to improve productivity and competitiveness of machining systems. To remain competitive, manufacturing requires accurate and reliable machines and processes whose characteristics are known and guaranteed for a wide variety of tasks and conditions. Productive, high-quality manufacturing will increasingly rely on a science-based understanding and monitoring of the available machining processes and equipment to produce the first part and every subsequent part on time and to specification with no significant time spent on process development or setup. C1 NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ivester, RW (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8223, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ivester@nist.gov NR 115 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1541-4337 J9 COMPR REV FOOD SCI F JI Compr. Rev. Food. Sci. Food Saf. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 PG 10 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 308GB UT WOS:000256375200016 ER PT S AU Albus, J Bostelman, R Madhavan, R Scott, H Barbera, T Szabo, S Hong, T Chang, T Shackleford, W Shneier, M Balakirsky, S Schlenoff, C Huang, HM Proctor, F AF Albus, James Bostelman, Roger Madhavan, Raj Scott, Harry Barbera, Tony Szabo, Sandor Hong, Tsai Chang, Tommy Shackleford, Will Shneier, Michael Balakirsky, Stephen Schlenoff, Craig Huang, Hui-Min Proctor, Fred BE Prokhorov, D TI Intelligent Control of Mobility Systems SO COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE IN AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS SE Studies in Computational Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID MODELS C1 [Albus, James; Bostelman, Roger; Madhavan, Raj; Scott, Harry; Barbera, Tony; Szabo, Sandor; Hong, Tsai; Chang, Tommy; Shackleford, Will; Shneier, Michael; Balakirsky, Stephen; Schlenoff, Craig; Huang, Hui-Min; Proctor, Fred] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bostelman, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Intelligent Syst Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8230, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM roger.bostelman@nist.gov NR 34 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 1860-949X BN 978-3-540-79256-7 J9 STUD COMPUT INTELL PY 2008 VL 132 BP 237 EP 274 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-79257-4 PG 38 WC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Transportation Science & Technology SC Automation & Control Systems; Computer Science; Transportation GA BJO36 UT WOS:000266896500013 ER PT J AU Tyson, R Jordan, CE Hebert, J AF Tyson, Rebecca Jordan, Christopher E. Hebert, Justin TI Modelling anguilliform swimming at intermediate Reynolds number: A review and a novel extension of immersed boundary method applications SO COMPUTER METHODS IN APPLIED MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on the Immersed Boundary Method and its Extensions held at the 7th World Congress on Computational Mechanics CY JUL 16-22, 2006 CL Los Angeles, CA DE immersed boundary method; anguilliform swimming; nematode; intermediate Reynolds number; biomechanics; mathematical model; swimming; computational model ID INTERNAL MECHANICS; NEURONAL CONTROL; MEDICINAL LEECH; FLUID-DYNAMICS; SPERM MOTILITY; LOCOMOTION; PERFORMANCE; PROPULSION; MOTION; FISH AB There is a considerable body of research literature addressing questions surrounding the biomechanics, internal hydrodynamics, external fluid dynamics and neuronal control behind anguilliform swimming, or swimming with whole body undulations. This research spans experimental studies and a host of modelling efforts from the very simple to the enormously complex. In this paper we focus on models of anguilliform swimming at intermediate Reynolds number. The challenge inherent in these modelling efforts, is the unavoidable inextricability of the three components of the swim-system: neural control, muscle mechanics and fluid dynamics. These components all provide input and feedback one to each other in a nonlinear way. Thus, questions about the kinematics, dynamics or functioning of any part of the swim-system can only be truly answered if the entire swim-system is modeled. This is a formidable task, and so modelling efforts to date have restricted themselves to various aspects of the swim-system. We review current models of anguilliform swimming at intermediate Reynolds number and present a promising new modelling approach using the immersed boundary method. This computational method makes it possible to model the entire swim-system while keeping the computational load within manageable limits. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tyson, Rebecca] UBC Okanagan, IK Barber Sch Arts & Sci, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. [Jordan, Christopher E.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hebert, Justin] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Comp Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Tyson, R (reprint author), UBC Okanagan, IK Barber Sch Arts & Sci, 3333 Univ Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada. EM rebecca.tyson@ubc.ca NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0045-7825 J9 COMPUT METHOD APPL M JI Comput. Meth. Appl. Mech. Eng. PY 2008 VL 197 IS 25-28 BP 2105 EP 2118 DI 10.1016/j.cma.2007.07.009 PG 14 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mathematics; Mechanics GA 304IK UT WOS:000256103000005 ER PT J AU Thijsse, BJ Rust, BW AF Thijsse, Barend J. Rust, Bert W. TI Freestyle data fitting and global temperatures SO COMPUTING IN SCIENCE & ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID LEAST-SQUARES; SPLINE FUNCTIONS; APPROXIMATION; ALGORITHM AB The method described here separates signal ( trend) from noise in a set of measured bivariate data when there is no mathematical model for that signal. A computer program called spline2 implements the algorithm, which the authors apply to laboratory and real world example problems. C1 [Thijsse, Barend J.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. [Rust, Bert W.] US Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Thijsse, BJ (reprint author), Delft Univ Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, NL-2600 AA Delft, Netherlands. EM b.j.thijsse@tudelft.nl; bwr@nist.gov NR 25 TC 2 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1314 USA SN 1521-9615 J9 COMPUT SCI ENG JI Comput. Sci. Eng. PD JAN-FEB PY 2008 VL 10 IS 1 BP 49 EP 59 DI 10.1109/MCSE.2008.8 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 243NO UT WOS:000251804800007 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, Oleg A. TI Sound transmission through water-air interfaces: new insights into an old problem SO CONTEMPORARY PHYSICS LA English DT Review DE wave propagation; diffraction; acoustic communication; infrasound; evanescent waves; nuclear test ban treaty ID SONIC-BOOM PENETRATION; LOW-FREQUENCY SOUND; NORMAL-MODE THEORY; AIRBORNE SOURCE; VARIABLE DEPTH; MOVING SOURCE; OCEAN; PROPAGATION; SURFACE; NOISE AB A water-air interface is usually an almost perfect reflector of acoustic waves. It was found recently that the interface becomes anomalously transparent and the power flux in the wave transmitted into air increases dramatically when a compact underwater sound source approaches the interface within a fraction of wavelength. The phenomenon is robust with respect to the roughness of the interface and to the variation of air and water parameters and may have significant geophysical and biological implications. This review article discusses the properties of the interface and the physical mechanisms leading to the anomalous transparency. C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM oleg.godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 NR 48 TC 19 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 10 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0010-7514 J9 CONTEMP PHYS JI Contemp. Phys. PY 2008 VL 49 IS 2 BP 105 EP 123 DI 10.1080/00107510802090415 PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 321YW UT WOS:000257343400002 ER PT J AU Tester, PA Millie, DF AF Tester, Patricia A. Millie, David F. TI Dedication to Dr. Karen A. Steidinger SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Tester, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Millie, David F.] Univ S Florida, Florida Inst Oceang, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Tester, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Pat.Tester@noaa.gov; David.Millie@MyFWC.com NR 1 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 3 EP 10 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.04.010 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 262XJ UT WOS:000253181300002 ER PT J AU Van Dolah, FM Leighfield, TA Kamykowski, D Kirkpatrick, GJ AF Van Dolah, Frances M. Leighfield, Tod A. Kamykowski, Daniel Kirkpatrick, Gary J. TI Cell cycle behavior of laboratory and field populations of the Florida red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE in situ growth rate; circadian rhythm; harmful algal bloom; USA; Gulf of Mexico ID PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH-RATES; DNA-SYNTHESIS CYCLES; GONYAULAX-POLYEDRA; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; CIRCADIAN CLOCK; DIVISION; DINOPHYCEAE; EXPRESSION; LIGHT; MODEL AB As a component of the ECOHAB Florida Regional Field Program, this study addresses cell cycle behavior and its importance to bloom formation of the Florida red tide dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. The cell cycle of K. brevis was first studied by flow cytometry in laboratory batch cultures, and a laboratory mesocosm column, followed by field populations over the 5-year course of the ECOHAB program. Under all conditions studied, K. brevis displayed diel phased cell division with S-phase beginning a minimum of 6 h after the onset of light and continuing for 12-14 h. Mitosis occurred during the dark, and was generally completed by the start of the next day. The timing of cell cycle phases relative to the diel cycle did not differ substantially in bloom populations displaying radically different growth rates (mu(min) 0.17-0.55) under different day lengths and temperature conditions. The rhythm of cell cycle progression is independent from the rhythm controlling vertical migration, as similar cell cycle distributions are found at all depths of the water column in field samples. The implications of these findings are discussed in light of our current understanding of the dinoflagellate cell cycle and the development of improved models for K brevis bloom growth. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Van Dolah, Frances M.; Leighfield, Tod A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC USA. [Kamykowski, Daniel] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Kirkpatrick, Gary J.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. RP Van Dolah, FM (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC USA. EM fran.vandolah@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 11 EP 23 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.01.030 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 262XJ UT WOS:000253181300003 ER PT J AU Redalje, DG Lohrenza, SE Natter, MJ Tuel, MD Kirkpatrick, GJ Millie, DF Fahnenstiel, GL Van Dolah, FM AF Redalje, D. G. Lohrenza, S. E. Natter, M. J. Tuel, M. D. Kirkpatrick, G. J. Millie, D. F. Fahnenstiel, G. L. Van Dolah, F. M. TI The growth dynamics of Karenia brevis within discrete blooms on the West Florida Shelf SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE phytoplankton; algal blooms; biomass; pigments; growth rate; nitrogen assimilation AB As part of the ECOHAB: Florida Program, we studied three large blooms of the harmful bloom forming dinoflagellate Karenia brevis. These blooms formed on the West Florida Shelf during Fall of 2000 off Panama City, and during Fall 2001 and Fall 2002 off the coastline between Tampa Bay and Charlotte Harbor. We suggest that these blooms represent two different stages of development, with the 2000 and 2001 blooms in an active growth or maintenance phase and the 2002 bloom in the early bloom initiation phase. Each bloom was highly productive with vertically integrated primary production values of 0.47-0.61, 0.39-1.33 and 0.65 g C m(-2) d(-1) for the 2000, 2001 and 2002 K brevis blooms, respectively. Carbon specific growth rates were low during each of these blooms with values remaining fairly uniform with depth corresponding to generation times of 3-5 days. Nitrogen assimilation by K. brevis was highest during 2001 with values ranging from 0.15 to 2.14 mu mol N L-1 d(-1) and lower generally for 2000 and 2002 (0.01-0.64 and 0.66-0.76 mu mol N L-1 d(-1) for 2000 and 2002, respectively). The highest K. brevis cell densities occurred during the 2001 bloom and ranged from 400 to 800 cells mL(-1). Cell densities were lower for each of the 2000 and 2002 blooms relative to those for 2001 with densities ranging from 100 to 500 cells mL-1. The 2000 and 2001 blooms were dominated by K brevis in terms of its contribution to the total chlorophyll a (chl a) pool with K brevis accounting generally for > 70% of the observed chl a. For those populations that were dominated by K brevis (e.g. 2000 and 2001), phytoplankton C biomass (C-p,C-o) constituted < 30% of the total particulate organic carbon (POC). However, in 2002 when diatoms and K brevis each contributed about the same to the total chl a, C-p,C-o was > 72% of the POC. The fraction of the total chl a that could be attributed to K. brevis was most highly correlated with POC, chl a and salinity. Nitrogen assimilation rate and primary production were highly correlated with a greater correlation coefficient than all other comparisons. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Redalje, D. G.; Lohrenza, S. E.; Natter, M. J.; Tuel, M. D.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Kirkpatrick, G. J.] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 34236 USA. [Millie, D. F.] Univ S Florida, Florida Marine Res Inst, Florida Inst Oceanog, FWCC, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Fahnenstiel, G. L.] NOAA, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Van Dolah, F. M.] NOAA, NOS Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Redalje, DG (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Donald.Redalje@usm.edu OI Lohrenz, Steven/0000-0003-3811-2975 NR 0 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 24 EP 44 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.04.011 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 262XJ UT WOS:000253181300004 ER PT J AU Tester, PA Shea, D Kibler, SR Varnam, SM Black, MD Litaker, RW AF Tester, Patricia A. Shea, Damian Kibler, Steven R. Varnam, Sabrina M. Black, Megan D. Litaker, R. Wayne TI Relationships among water column toxins, cell abundance and chlorophyll concentrations during Karenia brevis blooms SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE brevetoxins; PbTx; satellite remote sensing; Gulf of Mexico; Florida; west Florida shelf; 26 degrees N 82 degrees W, 26 degrees N 86 degrees W, 30 degrees N 81.5 degrees W, 30 degrees N 86 degrees W ID DINOFLAGELLATE GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; FLORIDA RED-TIDE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MARINE AEROSOL; HUMAN EXPOSURE; BREVETOXINS; TRANSPORT; SHELF; CIRCULATION; IMAGERY AB The assumptions that Karenia brevis cell abundance and brevetoxin concentrations are proportional and that cell abundance and chlorophyll are related were tested in a 3-year field study off the west coast of Florida. The relationship between K. brevis cell abundance and brevetoxins (PbTx-2+PbTx-3) in whole water samples was strong (R-2 = 0.92). There was no significant difference between the brevetoxin concentrations in whole water and the > 0.7 mu m particulate fraction. Only 7% of the total brevetoxin concentration was measured in the < 0.7 mu m (cell free) filtrate. The relationship of K. brevis cell abundance > 5000 cells L-1 with chlorophyll for all cruises and at all depths was robust (R-2 = 0.78). These data substantiate the use of chlorophyll as a proxy for K. brevis cell abundance and K. brevis cell abundance as a proxy for brevetoxins during blooms. The ratios of the brevetoxins, PbTx-2:PbTx-3, was significantly higher in surface water than in bottom water. This information in conjunction with K. brevis growth rates may provide a useful indicator for determining the physiological state of the bloom over time. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Tester, Patricia A.; Kibler, Steven R.; Varnam, Sabrina M.; Black, Megan D.; Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Shea, Damian] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Environm & Mol Toxicol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Tester, PA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Pat.Tester@noaa.gov OI Black, Megan/0000-0001-5511-1419 NR 55 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 59 EP 72 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.04.007 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 262XJ UT WOS:000253181300006 ER PT J AU Janowitz, GS Kamykowski, D Liu, G AF Janowitz, G. S. Kamykowski, D. Liu, G. TI A three-dimensional wind and behaviorally driven population dynamics model for Karenia brevis SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE continental shelf; dinoflagellate : behavior; modeling : population dynamics; west Florida shelf ID DINOFLAGELLATE GYMNODINIUM-BREVE AB The time-dependent three-dimensional distribution of a population of Karenia brevis is explored through the use of an Eulerian model. The model combines a previously developed physiologically based behavioral model of these dinoflagellates with a simple model for a three-dimensional wind driven flow field over a variable-depth continental shelf. The behavioral model is simplified from that used in previous applications and sigma coordinates are utilized in the model. Model results indicate that even for the relatively weak wind driven currents used in our simulation a nonquantized population can develop into two spatially distinct quantized populations in a period as short as 1 day where, for present purposes, a quantized population is one in which all cells are at the same stage of the cell cycle. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Janowitz, G. S.; Kamykowski, D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Liu, G.] NOAA, Coral Reef Watch Program, NESDIS, ORA E,RA31,SSMC1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Janowitz, GS (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM janowitz@nesu.edu; dan_kamykowski@ncsu.edu; Gang.Liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Gang/E-7921-2011 OI Liu, Gang/0000-0001-8369-6805 NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 177 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.04.016 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 262XJ UT WOS:000253181300012 ER PT J AU Stumpf, RP Litaker, RW Lanerolle, L Tester, PA AF Stumpf, Richard P. Litaker, R. Wayne Lanerolle, Lyon Tester, Patricia A. TI Hydrodynamic accumulation of Karenia off the west coast of Florida SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE algal blooms; fronts; nutrients; Phytoplankton; red tide; remote sensing; upwelling; USA; gulf of Mexico; Florida; west Florida shelf; 26 degrees N82 degrees W; 26 degrees N86 degrees W; 30 degrees N81.5 degrees W; 30 degrees N86 degrees W ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; DINOFLAGELLATE GYMNODINIUM BREVE; RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; BULK PARAMETERIZATION; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; VERTICAL MIGRATION; GLOBAL ATMOSPHERE; IN-SITU AB Blooms of the toxic dinoflagellates, Karenia spp. occur nearly annually in the eastern Gulf of Mexico with cell abundances typically > 10(5) cells L-1. Thermal and ocean color satellite imagery shows sea surface temperature patterns indicative of upwelling events and the concentration of chlorophyll at fronts along the west Florida continental shelf. Daily cell counts of Karenia show greater increases in cell concentrations at fronts than can be explained by Karenia's maximum specific growth rate. This is observed in satellite images as up to a 10-fold greater increase in chlorophyll biomass over 1-2 d periods than can be explained by in situ growth. In this study, we propose a model that explains why surface blooms of Karenia may develop even when nutrients on the west Florida shelf are low. In the summer, northward winds produce a net flow east and southeast bringing water and nutrients from the Mississippi River plume onto the west Florida shelf at depths of 20-50 m. This water mass supplies utilizable inorganic and organic forms of nitrogen that promote the growth of Karenia to pre-bloom concentrations in sub-surface waters in the mid-shelf region. In the fall, a change to upwelling favorable winds produces onshore transport. This transport, coupled with the swimming behavior of Karenia, leads to physical accumulation at frontal regions near the coast, resulting in fall blooms. Strong thermal fronts during the winter provide a mechanism for re-intensification of the blooms, if Karenia cells are located north of the fronts. This conceptual model leads to testable hypotheses on bloom development throughout the Gulf of Mexico. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stumpf, Richard P.; Lanerolle, Lyon] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Litaker, R. Wayne; Tester, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Stumpf, RP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 1305 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Richard.Stumpf@noaa.gov NR 73 TC 43 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 EI 1873-6955 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 28 IS 1 BP 189 EP 213 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2007.04.017 PG 25 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 262XJ UT WOS:000253181300013 ER PT J AU Purushotham, KP Ward, LP Brack, N Pigram, PJ Evans, P Noorman, H Manory, RR AF Purushotham, K. P. Ward, L. P. Brack, N. Pigram, P. J. Evans, P. Noorman, H. Manory, R. R. TI The effect of MEVVA ion implantation of Zr on the corrosion behaviour of PVD TiN coatings SO CORROSION SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ceramic; zirconium; ion implantation; polarisation; XPS ID PHYSICAL VAPOR-DEPOSITION; STAINLESS-STEEL; THIN-FILMS; RESISTANCE AB The use of TiN coatings as corrosion barriers is limited by the presence of defects such as pin-holes. In this study Zr ions were implanted into PVD deposited TiN coatings at varying doses, to improve the corrosion resistance. The corrosion behaviour was assessed in saline environments using linear polarisation techniques and the corroded surface of the coatings characterised using XPS and SEM. Overall, ion implantation resulted in an increase in the coating's corrosion resistance. Protection was attributed to closure of existing pinholes and the formation of various nitrides, oxides and oxynitrides of Ti and Zr. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ward, L. P.] RMIT Univ, Sch Civil & Chem Engn, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Purushotham, K. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Nanometrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brack, N.; Pigram, P. J.] La Trobe Univ, Sch Phys, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. [Evans, P.; Noorman, H.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Manory, R. R.] M&H Mat, Brighton, Vic, Australia. RP Ward, LP (reprint author), RMIT Univ, Sch Civil & Chem Engn, GPO Box 2476V, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM L.Ward@rmit.edu.au RI Brack, Narelle/B-4212-2008; Pigram, Paul/B-9402-2011; Administrator, CMSS/E-3491-2015; Register, CMSS/G-7191-2015 OI Pigram, Paul/0000-0002-7972-492X; NR 25 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0010-938X J9 CORROS SCI JI Corrosion Sci. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 50 IS 1 BP 8 EP 14 DI 10.1016/j.corsci.2006.06.018 PG 7 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 261PS UT WOS:000253093100003 ER PT B AU Radebaugh, R AF Radebaugh, R. BE Wang, R Zhang, P TI Status and recent trends in cryocooler research SO CRYOGENICS AND REFRIGERATION, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Cryogenics and Refrigeration CY APR 05-09, 2008 CL Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Int Inst Refrigerat, Chinese Assoc Refrigerat, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Daikin, Heatcraft, Sumitomo Heavy Ind, TRANE HO Zhejiang Univ ID PULSE TUBE REFRIGERATORS; TEMPERATURE AB The five types of cryocoolers used to provide cryogenic temperatures for various applications are the Joule-Thomson, Brayton, Stirling, Gifford-McMahon, and pulse tube cryocoolers. Many advances in all types have occurred in the past twenty years that have allowed all of them to be used for a wide variety of applications. The current status of these cryocooler as they are used in commercial, military, or space applications is reviewed. In the past five years new research on these cryocoolers offers the potential to significantly improve them and make them suitable for even more applications. The general trend of this new cryocooler research is also presented. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Radebaugh, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 42 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 4 U2 8 PU SCIENCE PRESS BEIJING PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100707, PEOPLES R CHINA BN 978-7-03-021270-2 PY 2008 BP 11 EP 22 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics SC Thermodynamics GA BHW98 UT WOS:000257136800002 ER PT S AU Dyble, J Tester, PA Litaker, RW Fahnenstiel, GL Millie, DF AF Dyble, J. Tester, P. A. Litaker, R. W. Fahnenstiel, G. L. Millie, D. F. BE Hudnell, HK TI Detecting toxic cyanobacterial strains in the Great Lakes, USA SO CYANOBACTERIAL HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS: STATE OF THE SCIENCE AND RESEARCH NEEDS SE ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Symposium on Cyanobacterial Algal Blooms - State of the Science and Research Needs CY SEP 06-10, 2005 CL Research Triangle Park, NC C1 [Dyble, J.; Tester, P. A.; Litaker, R. W.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Dyble, J (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0065-2598 BN 978-0-387-75864-0 J9 ADV EXP MED BIOL JI Adv.Exp.Med.Biol. PY 2008 VL 619 BP 561 EP 562 PG 2 WC Biology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA BHO77 UT WOS:000254893200046 ER PT S AU Singhal, A AF Singhal, Anoop BE Atluri, V TI Web services security: Techniques and challenges (extended abstract) SO DATA AND APPLICATIONS SECURITY XXII SE LECTURE NOTES IN COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd Annual Conference on Data and Applications Security CY JUL 13-16, 2008 CL London, ENGLAND SP IFIP WG 11 3 C1 NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Singhal, A (reprint author), NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-70566-6 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2008 VL 5094 BP 158 EP 158 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BIA78 UT WOS:000257948400012 ER PT J AU Fine, RA Smethie, WM Bullister, JL Rhein, M Min, DH Warner, MJ Poisson, A Weiss, RF AF Fine, Rana A., Jr. Smethie, William M. Bullister, John L. Rhein, Monika Min, Dong-Ha Warner, Mark J. Poisson, Alain Weiss, Ray F. TI Decadal ventilation and mixing of Indian Ocean waters SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE ventilation; CFCs; water masses; Indian Ocean; circulation; tracers ID ANTARCTIC BOTTOM WATER; HYDROGRAPHIC SECTION; INTERMEDIATE WATER; ARABIAN SEA; RED-SEA; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; SUBTROPICAL GYRE; MASCARENE BASIN; DEEP-WATER; CIRCULATION AB Chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) and hydrographic data from the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) Indian Ocean expedition are used to evaluate contributions to decadal ventilation of water masses. At a given density, CFC-derived ages increase and concentrations decrease from the south to north, with lowest concentrations and oldest ages in Bay of Bengal. Average ages for thermocline water are 0-40 years, and for intermediate water they are less than 10 years to more than 40 years. As compared with the marginal seas or throughflow, the most significant source of CFCs for the Indian Ocean south of 12 degrees N is the Southern Hemisphere. A simple calculation is used to show this is the case even at intermediate levels due to differences in gas solubilities and mixing of Antarctic Intermediate Water and Red Sea Water. Bottom water in the Australia-Antarctic Basin is higher in CFC concentrations than that to the west in the Enderby Basin, due to the shorter distance of this water to the Adelie Land coast and Ross Sea sources. However, by 40 degrees S, CFC concentrations in the bottom water of the Crozet Basin originating from the Weddell Sea are similar to those in the South Australia Basin. Independent observations, which show that bottom water undergoes elevated mixing between the Australia-Antarctic Basin and before entering the subtropics, are consistent with high CFC dilutions (3-14-fold) and a substantial concentration decrease (factor of 5) south to north of the Southeast Indian Ridge. CFC-bearing bottom waters with ages 30 years or more are transported into the subtropical South Indian Ocean by three western boundary currents, and highest concentrations are observed in the westernmost current. During WOCE, CFC-bearing bottom water reaches to about 30 degrees S in the Perth Basin, and to 20 degrees S in the Mascarene Basin. Comparing subtropical bottom water-CFC concentrations with those of the South Pacific and Atlantic oceans, at comparable latitudes, Indian Ocean bottom water-CFC concentrations are lower, consistent with its high dissipation rates from tidal mixing and current fluctuations as shown elsewhere. Thus, the generally high dilutions and low CFC concentrations in bottom water of the Indian Ocean are due to distance to the water mass source regions and the relative effectiveness of mixing. While it is not surprising that at thermocline, intermediate, and bottom levels, the significant ventilation sources on decadal time scales are all from the south, the CFCs show how local sources and mixing within the ocean affect the ventilation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Fine, Rana A., Jr.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Smethie, William M.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Geol Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rhein, Monika] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Dept Oceanog, D-28359 Bremen, Germany. [Min, Dong-Ha] Univ Texas Richardson, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Warner, Mark J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Poisson, Alain] Univ Paris 06, CNRS, IPSL, Lab Biogeochim & Chim Marines, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Weiss, Ray F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Fine, RA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rfine@rsmas.miami.edu RI Rhein, Monika/P-1969-2016 OI Rhein, Monika/0000-0003-1496-2828 NR 68 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 23 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1 BP 20 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2007.10.002 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 264ZB UT WOS:000253327800002 ER PT J AU Felley, JD Vecchione, M Wilson, RR AF Felley, J. D. Vecchione, M. Wilson, R. R., Jr. TI Small-scale distribution of deep-sea demersal nekton and other megafauna in the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE deep-ocean habitats; submersibles; video; dispersion; substrates ID NORTH-ATLANTIC; EPIBENTHIC MEGAFAUNA; CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; FISH; HABITAT; BEHAVIOR; REEFS; BASIN AB Videotapes from manned submersibles diving in the area of the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge were used to investigate the distribution of fishes, large crustaceans, epifaunal and sessile organisms, and environmental features along a series of transects. Submersibles MIR 1 and MIR 2 conducted paired dives in an area of mixed sediment and rock (beginning depth Ca. 3000 m) and on a large pocket of abyssal-like sediments (depth ca. 4000 m). In the shallower area, the submersibles passed over extremely heterogeneous terrain with a diversity of nekton, epifaunal forms and sessile forms. In the first pair of dives, MIR 1 rose along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge from 3000 to 1700 m, while MIR 2 remained near the 3000 m isobath. Nekton seen in these relatively shallow dives included large and small macrourids (genus Coryphaenoides), shrimp (infraorder Penaeidea), Halosauropsis macrochir, Aldrovandia sp., Antimora rostrata, and alepocephalids. The last two were more characteristic of the upper areas of the slope reached by MIR 1, as it rose along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge to depths less than 3000 m. Distributions of some forms seemed associated with depth and/or the presence of hard substrate. Sessile organisms such as sponges and large cnidaria were more likely to be found in rocky areas. The second pair of dives occurred in an abyssal area and the submersibles passed over sediment-covered plains, with little relief and many fewer countable organisms and features. The most evident of these were holes, mounds, small cerianthid anemones, small macrourids and the holothurian Benthodytes sp. A few large macrourids and shrimp also were seen in these deeper dives, as well as squat lobsters (Munidopsis sp.). Sponges and larger cnidaria were mostly associated with a few small areas of rocky substrate. Holes and mounds showed distributions Suggesting large-scale patterning. Over all dives, most sessile and epifaunal forms showed clumped distributions. However, large holothurians and large nekton often had distributions not significantly different from random. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Felley, J. D.] Smithsonian Inst, Off Chief Informat Officer, Washington, DC 20560 USA. [Vecchione, M.] NOAA, NMFS Syst Lab, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Wilson, R. R., Jr.] Calif State Univ Long Beach, Dept Biol Sci, Long Beach, CA 90840 USA. RP Felley, JD (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Off Chief Informat Officer, MRC 503, Washington, DC 20560 USA. EM felleyj@si.edu; vecchioin@si.edu; rwilsonl@csulb.edu NR 25 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.09.021 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 262VT UT WOS:000253176800014 ER PT J AU Skov, H Gunnlaugsson, T Budgell, WP Horne, J Nottestad, L Olsen, E Soiland, H Vikingsson, G Waring, G AF Skov, H. Gunnlaugsson, T. Budgell, W. P. Horne, J. Nottestad, L. Olsen, E. Soiland, H. Vikingsson, G. Waring, G. TI Small-scale spatial variability of sperm and sei whales in relation to oceanographic and topographic features along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE cetaceans; oceanic fronts; Mid-Atlantic Ridge; spatial structure; bio-physical coupling; habitat modelling ID NORTHEASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; PHYSETER-MACROCEPHALUS; CETACEAN HABITATS; OCEAN; ABUNDANCE; DISTRIBUTIONS; ZOOPLANKTON; CIRCULATION; REGRESSION; BEHAVIOR AB The 2004 Mid-Atlantic Ridge (MAR)-ECO expedition on the R.V. G.O. Sars provided the first opportunity to correlate oceanic distributions of cetaceans with synoptic acoustic (ADCP to 700 m depth, multi-beam echosounders) measurements of high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) potential habitat (spatial scale < 100 km). The identified habitat features were tested with independent observations from the Icelandic combined cetacean and redfish cruises in 2001 and 2003 using data from a 3D ocean general circulation model of the MAR region (Regional Oceans Modelling System (ROMS) model 5 km resolution). The spatial autocorrelation of sampled encounter rates of sperm Physeter macrocephalus and sei whales Balaenoptera borealis indicated scale-dependent variability in the distribution of both species. Despite the large area surveyed, the observations of both species exhibited a strong small-scale structure (range parameter 20-50 km), indicating affinities to cross-seamount or cross-frontal structures. Potential cross-seamount and cross-frontal habitat structures were derived from the acoustic transect data by analysing fine-scale gradients in the 3D flow patterns and bathymetry, including interactions between frontal and topographic parameters. PLS regression was used to determine the potential habitat drivers of sperm and sei whales, both during the G.O. Sars cruise and during the Icelandic cruises in 2001 and 2003. The selected parameters, which reflected flow gradients interacting with the steep topography, were finally applied for modelling the habitat suitability of both target species along the northern MAR using Ecological Niche Factor Analysis. The results suggest aggregations of sperm and sei whales along the MAR are primarily associated with fine-scale frontal processes interacting with the topography in the upper 100 m of the water column just north of the Sub-Polar Front (SPF) and the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone (CGFZ). As moderate and high habitat suitabilities were estimated only for areas downstream from the SPF, the findings suggest that the animals capitalise on secondary production maintained by enhanced primary production associated with the frontal processes in the upper part of the water column in the CGFZ and at the Faraday Seamounts. Further studies are encouraged to evaluate the importance of the bio-physical coupling, and the significance of small-scale frontal processes in the surface and subsurface waters north of the SPF for the transfer of energy to higher trophic levels in the North Atlantic. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Skov, H.] DHI Water & Environm, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. [Gunnlaugsson, T.; Vikingsson, G.] Marine Res Inst, IS-121 Reykjavik, Iceland. [Budgell, W. P.; Nottestad, L.; Olsen, E.; Soiland, H.] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Horne, J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Waring, G.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Skov, H (reprint author), DHI Water & Environm, Agern Alle 5, DK-2970 Horsholm, Denmark. EM hsk@dhi.dk RI Gunnlaugsson , Thorfinnur/A-3782-2014 OI Gunnlaugsson , Thorfinnur/0000-0003-4814-6853 NR 37 TC 22 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 10 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PY 2008 VL 55 IS 1-2 BP 254 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2007.09.020 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 262VT UT WOS:000253176800022 ER PT J AU Sun, LM Chow, LC AF Sun, Limin Chow, Laurence C. TI Preparation and properties of nano-sized calcium fluoride for dental applications SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE calcium fluoride; nanoparticle; spray drying; solubility; reactivity; anticaries; labile F; F regimen; tooth remineralization; dentin permeability ID REMINERALIZATION; RINSE; MOUTHRINSE; PHOSPHATE; INVITRO; INVIVO AB Objectives. The aim of the present study was to prepare nano-sized calcium fluoride (CaF2) that could be used as a labile F reservoir for more effective F regimens and as an agent for use in the reduction of dentin permeability. Methods. Nano-sized CaF2 powders were prepared using a spray-drying system with a two-liquid nozzle. The properties of the nano-CaF2 were studied and the effectiveness of a fluoride (F) rinse with nano-CaF2 as the F source was evaluated. The thermodynamic solubility product of the nano-CaF2 solution was determined by equilibrating the nanosample in solutions presaturated with respect to macro-CaF2. Reactivity of the nano-CaF2 was assessed by its reaction with dicalcium phosphate dehydrate (DCPD). F deposition by 13.2 mmol/L F rinse with the nano-CaF2 as the F source was determined using a previously published in vitro model. Results. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis showed pattern of low crystalline CaF2. BET measurements showed that the nano-CaF2 had a surface area of 46.3 m(2)/g, corresponding to a particle size of 41 nm. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) examinations indicated that the nano-CaF2 contained clusters comprising particles of (10-15) nm in size. The nano-CaF2 displayed much higher solubility and reactivity than its macro-counterpart. The CaF2 ion activity product (IAP) of the solution in equilibrium with the nano-CaF2 was (1.52 +/- 0.05) x 10(-10), which was nearly four times greater than the Ksp (3.9 x 10(-11)) for CaF2. The reaction of DCPD with nano-CaF2 resulted in more F-containing apatitic materials compared to the reaction with macro-CaF2. The F deposition by the nano-CaF2 rinse was (2.2 +/- 0.3) mu g/cm(2) (n = 5), which was significantly (p < 0.001) greater than that ((0.31 +/- 0.06) mu g/cm(2)) produced by the NaF solution. Significance. The nano-CaF2 can be used as an effective anticaries agent in increasing the labile F concentration in oral fluid and thus enhance the tooth remineralization. it can also be very useful in the treatment for the reduction of dentin permeability (c) 2007 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sun, Limin; Chow, Laurence C.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sun, LM (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM limin.sun@nist.gov RI Rastelli, Marcio/B-8034-2011 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE016416, R01 DE016416-02, DE 16416] NR 19 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 4 U2 24 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 111 EP 116 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2007.03.003 PG 6 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 259BO UT WOS:000252914300015 PM 17481724 ER PT S AU Brown, SW Rice, JP Allen, DW Zuzak, K Livingston, E Litorja, M AF Brown, Steven W. Rice, Joseph P. Allen, David W. Zuzak, Karel Livingston, Edward Litorja, Maritoni BE Nordstrom, RJ TI Dynamically programmable digital tissue phantoms - art. no. 687003 SO DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE VALIDATION OF PHANTOMS USED IN CONJUNCTION WITH OPTICAL MEASUREMENTS OF TISSUE SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Performance Validation of Phantoms Used in Conjunction with Optical Measurements of Tissue CY JAN 19-21, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE calibration; characterization; hyperspectral; medical imaging; spectroscopy; tissue phantom AB As optical imaging modalities gain acceptance for medical diagnostics and become common in clinical applications, standardized protocols to quantitatively assess optical sensor performance are required to ensure commonality in measurements and to validate system performance. The current emphasis is on the development of 3-dimensional, tissue-simulating artifacts with optical scattering and absorption properties designed to closely mimic biological systems. These artifacts, commonly known as tissue phantoms, can be fairly complex and are tailored for each specific application. In this work, we describe a conceptually simpler, 2-dimensional digital analog to the 3-dimensional tissue phantoms that we call Digital Tissue Phantoms. The Digital Tissue Phantoms are complex, realistic, calibrated, optical projections of medically relevant images with known spectral and spatial content. By generating a defined set of Digital Tissue Phantoms, the radiometric performance of the optical imaging sensor can be quantified, based on the accuracy of measurements of the projected images. The system is dynamically programmable, which means that the same system can be used with different sets of Digital Tissue Phantoms for sensor performance metrics covering a wide range of optical medical diagnostics, from cancer and tumor detection to burn quantification. C1 [Brown, Steven W.; Rice, Joseph P.; Allen, David W.; Litorja, Maritoni] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Litorja, M (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7045-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6870 BP 87003 EP 87003 DI 10.1117/12.762292 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHT03 UT WOS:000256023200002 ER PT S AU Clarke, ML Kang, H Yim, PB Kishore, R Helmerson, K Hwang, J AF Clarke, Matthew L. Kang, HyeongGon Yim, Peter B. Kishore, Rani Helmerson, Kristian Hwang, Jeeseong BE Raghavachari, R Liang, R TI Thermal properties of gold nanoshells in lipid vesicles studied by single particle tracking measurements SO DESIGN AND QUALITY FOR BIOMEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Design and Quality for Biomedical Technologies CY JAN 21, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE gold; nanoparticle; heat; thermal; tracking; lipid; vesicle; microscopy ID NANOPARTICLES; DESTRUCTION; CELLS; SIZE; TIME AB Photothermal therapy employing nanomaterials is a promising approach to selectively treat targeted tissues with abnormal characteristics such as tumors. While vital research has focused on the use of these materials in biomedical applications, net effects of these materials in biological environments are still not well understood. For reliable biomedical applications, it is crucial to quantitatively evaluate thermal properties of these materials in biological and physiological environments. To this end, we have developed a highly integrated measurement platform and examined local thermal properties of single gold shell nanocrystals in biomimetic environments. These nanoshells consist of a silica core with an outer gold coating. For quantitative measurement of the local thermal profile of gold nanoshells, we Monitor lipid phase transitions triggered by gold nanoshell thermal excitation. Dried lipid layers with adsorbed gold nanoshells were placed in an aqueous environment. Photothermal excitation of the gold nanoshells induced localized liposome budding as the lipids were raised above their transition temperature. Single particle tracking of gold nanoshells in solution and within liposomes revealed larger diffusion rates for the confined nanoparticles, likely due to a raised local temperature. C1 [Clarke, Matthew L.; Kang, HyeongGon; Yim, Peter B.; Kishore, Rani; Helmerson, Kristian; Hwang, Jeeseong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hwang, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7024-9 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6849 BP U95 EP U103 PG 9 WC Biophysics; Engineering, Biomedical; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy SC Biophysics; Engineering; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging; Spectroscopy GA BHQ90 UT WOS:000255550500012 ER PT J AU Ullal, AJ Litaker, RW Noga, EJ AF Ullal, Anirudh J. Litaker, R. Wayne Noga, Edward J. TI Antimicrobial peptides derived from hemoglobin are expressed in epithelium of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus, Rafinesque) SO DEVELOPMENTAL AND COMPARATIVE IMMUNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE innate immunity; extra-erythrocytic; hemoglobin; stage-specific activity; Ichthyophthirius multifiliis ID DINOFLAGELLATE AMYLOODINIUM-OCELLATUM; HISTONE-LIKE PROTEINS; RAINBOW-TROUT; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; INNATE IMMUNITY; ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS-MULTIFILIIS; PROTOZOAN PARASITE; DEFENSE PEPTIDES; WIDE-RANGE; FISH AB The beta-chain of the respiratory protein hemoglobin (Hb beta), has recently been identified in novel sites, including mammalian macrophages and alveolar epithelium, as well as in gill microsomes of fish. However, the functional significance of extra-erythrocyticatty expressed hemoglobin has been unclear. Here we show inducible expression and upregulation of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) homologous to Hb beta in the gill epithelium of channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) in response to parasitic (Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, ich) infection. One peptide (Hb beta P-1), while having activity against some fish bacterial, pathogens (e.g., Aerornonas hydrophila), had especially potent antiparasitic activity that was specifically lethal (Lytic) to the feeding (trophont) stage of ich and also appeared to accelerate the differentiation of trophonts. However, it had no apparent effect on either the disseminative (theront) or reproductive (tomont) stages, nor was it lytic to channel catfish erythrocytes. Fish experimentally challenged with ich confirmed that the Hb beta P-1 sequence was both transcribed and translated in skin and gilt epithelium, the target tissues for ich. The Hb AMP concentration expressed in vivo appeared to be well within the antiparasitic concentrations measured in vitro. Our findings suggest that hemoglobin-derived AMPs might play a significant role in the non-specific immune response. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Ullal, Anirudh J.; Noga, Edward J.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Noga, EJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Dept Clin Sci, Coll Vet Med, 4700 Hillsborough St, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. EM ed_noga@ncsu.edu RI Ullal, Anirudh/G-7378-2011 OI Ullal, Anirudh/0000-0001-9108-5393 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA16-RG-2251, R/AF-43, R/AF-45, R/MG-0510]; National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2006-35204-17508] FX We thank M. Mattmuller and S. Horton for assistance with immunocytochernistry and in situ hybridization, W.L. Gordon for assistance with antibody production, M. Vandersea for assistance with gene cloning, and the laboratory of K. Williams (Yale University) for assistance with peptide identification and synthesis. We also thank J.K. Seo, M.G. Levy (NCSU) and S. Marshall (Gene Detect) for suggestions, N. Bowen for donating animals, and A. McGinty and J. Corrales for help in maintaining them. This work was supported by Grant NA16-RG-2251 (R/AF-43, R/AF-45 and R/MG-0510) from the National Sea Grant College Program, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, to the North Carolina Sea Grant College Program, Grant NA16-RG2251 (BR-01) from the National Sea Grant College Program (Marine Biotechnology Program), North Carolina Fishery Research Grant Project #06-AM-04, and the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service, Grant no. #2006-35204-17508 to E.J.N. NR 45 TC 57 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0145-305X J9 DEV COMP IMMUNOL JI Dev. Comp. Immunol. PY 2008 VL 32 IS 11 BP 1301 EP 1312 DI 10.1016/j.dci.2008.04.005 PG 12 WC Immunology; Zoology SC Immunology; Zoology GA 352BI UT WOS:000259469700006 PM 18538841 ER PT S AU Patil, GP Acharya, R Glasmeier, A Myers, W Phoha, S Rathbun, S AF Patil, G. P. Acharya, Raj Glasmeier, Amy Myers, Wayne Phoha, Shashi Rathbun, Stephen BE Chen, H Brandt, L Gregg, V Traunmuller, R Dawes, S Hovy, E Macintosh, A Larson, CA TI GEOINFORMATICS OF HOTSPOT DETECTION AND PRIORITIZATION FOR DIGITAL GOVERNANCE SO DIGITAL GOVERNMENT: E-GOVERNMENT RESEARCH, CASE STUDIES, AND IMPLEMENTATION SE Integrated Series in Information Systems LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB A declared purpose of digital governance is to empower public for information access and analysis to enable transparency, accuracy, and efficiency for societal good at large. Hotspot detection and prioritization become natural undertakings as a result of the information access. Hotspot means spot that is hot, that can be of special interest or concern. Hotspot means something unusual-an anomaly, aberration, outbreak, elevated cluster, critical area, etc. The immediate need can be for monitoring, etiology, management, early warning and prioritization. Responsible factors can be natural, accidental, or intentional. Geoinformatic surveillance for spatial and temporal hotspot detection and prioritization is crucial in the 21(st) century. And so also the need for geoinformatic surveillance decision support system equipped with the next generation of geographic hotspot detection, prioritization, and early warning within emerging hotspots. This chapter describes ongoing cross-disciplinary research and some of the interesting results for geospatial and spatiotemporal hotspot detection and prioritization, driven by a diverse variety of case studies and issues of interest to government agencies, academia, and the private sector. C1 [Patil, G. P.] Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, Ctr Stat Ecol & Environm Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Acharya, Raj] Penn State Univ, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Glasmeier, Amy] Penn State Univ, Dept Geog, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Myers, Wayne] Penn State Univ, Sch Forest Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Myers, Wayne] Penn State Univ, Off Remote Sensing Earth Resources, Penn State Inst Environm, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Phoha, Shashi] Penn State Univ, Appl Res Lab, Div Informat Sci & Technol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Phoha, Shashi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rathbun, Stephen] Univ Georgia, Dept Hlth Adm Biostat & Epidemiol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Myers, Wayne] Penn State Univ, Off Remote Sensing & Spatial Informat Resources, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Patil, GP (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Stat, Ctr Stat Ecol & Environm Stat, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM gpp@stat.psu.edu; acharya@cse.psu.edu; akg1@psu.edu; wlm@psu.edu; sphoha@nist.gov; rathbun@uga.edu NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1571-0270 BN 978-0-387-71611-4 J9 INTEGR SER INFORM SY PY 2008 VL 17 BP 377 EP 394 D2 10.1007/978-0-387-71611-4 PG 18 WC Information Science & Library Science; Management; Operations Research & Management Science SC Information Science & Library Science; Business & Economics; Operations Research & Management Science GA BLJ11 UT WOS:000270285800020 ER PT S AU Weiss, BA Antonishek, B Norcross, R AF Weiss, Brian A. Antonishek, Brian Norcross, Richard BE Thomas, JT Malloy, A TI Fused quad audio/visual and tracking data collection to enhance mobile robot and operator performance analyses SO DISPLAY TECHNOLOGIES AND APPLICATIONS FOR DEFENSE, SECURITY, AND AVIONICS II SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Diplay Technologies and Applications for Defense, Security, and Avionics II CY MAR 18-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE robotics; mobile robot; Urban Search and Rescue; bomb disposal; performance metrics; data collection; fused quad video data AB Collecting accurate, adequate ground truth and experimental data to support technology evaluations is critical in formulating exact and methodical analyses of the system's performance. Personnel at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), tasked with developing performance measures and standards for both Urban Search and Rescue (US&R) and bomb disposal robots, have been designing advanced ground truth data collection methods to support these efforts. These new techniques fuse multiple real-time streams of video and robot tracking data to facilitate more complete human robot interaction (HRI) analyses following a robot's experiences. As a robot maneuvers through a test method, video and audio streams are simultaneously collected and fed into a quad compressor providing real-time display. This fused quad audio/visual data provides a complete picture of what the operators and robots are doing throughout their evaluation to not only enhance HRI analyses, but also provide valuable data that can be used to aid operator training, encourage implementation improvements by highlighting successes and failures to the developers/vendors, and demonstrate capabilities to end-users and buyers. Quad data collection system deployments to support US&R test methods/scenarios at the 2007 Robot Response Evaluation in Disaster City, Texas will be highlighted. C1 [Weiss, Brian A.; Antonishek, Brian; Norcross, Richard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Weiss, BA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.weiss@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7147-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6956 AR 695606 DI 10.1117/12.777751 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHY73 UT WOS:000257485400006 ER PT S AU Gadzuk, JW AF Gadzuk, J. W. BE Hasselbrink, E Lundqvist, BI TI Fundamental Atomic-Scale Issues/Processes Pertinent to Dynamics at Surfaces SO DYNAMICS SE Handbook of Surface Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GENERALIZED LANGEVIN THEORY; ELECTRON-TRANSFER REACTIONS; HOLE-PAIR EXCITATIONS; METAL-SURFACES; CHARGE-TRANSFER; CHEMICAL-DYNAMICS; BROWNIAN-MOTION; ENERGY-TRANSFER; SOLID-SURFACES; TRAJECTORY APPROXIMATION AB An introduction to some basic concepts and building blocks that facilitate the understanding of atomic scale dynamics at surfaces is presented. The focus is mainly towards processes defined in terms of both nuclear and electronic involvement. Reduction of the general quantum dynamics problem into something tractable is taken up first within the Born-Oppenheimer separation of fast and slow variables. The role of non-adiabatic processes is of special importance in condensed matter systems owing to the continuum of electron-hole pair excited states and this is a continuing theme throughout this introductory chapter. The basis for the commonly invoked trajectory model is examined. A paradigm-establishing example of a curve-hopping, diabatic transition model for the simple process of sticking is used to illustrate several points involving molecule-surface collisions. Surface processes involving significant dynamic charge transfer are dealt with taking advantage of both some unlikely similarities with fundamental processes triggered in core level spectroscopies and also the many modern advances in understanding the role of electron friction in condensed phase chemical dynamics. The importance of electron-resonance-enhanced dynamics is taken up and illustrated with a simple, generic, classical model for resonance-enhanced processes here applied to bond-breaking/desorption. This introduction concludes with some final historical thoughts. C1 NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gadzuk, JW (reprint author), NIST, Div Electron & Opt Phys, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 160 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NORTH HOLLAND, ELSEVIER SCIENCE PUBL BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1573-4331 BN 978-0-08-093120-3; 978-0-444-52056-2 J9 HBK SURF SCI PY 2008 VL 3 BP 1 EP 28 DI 10.1016/S1573-4331(08)00001-2 PG 28 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BCF73 UT WOS:000310083200004 ER PT J AU Rasera, MDFL Ballester, MVR Krusche, AV Salimon, C Montebelo, LA Alin, SR Victoria, RL Richey, JE AF Rasera, Maria de Fatima F. L. Ballester, Maria Victoria R. Krusche, Alex V. Salimon, Cleber Montebelo, Leticia A. Alin, Simone R. Victoria, Reynaldo L. Richey, Jeffrey E. TI Small rivers in the southwestern Amazon and their role in CO(2) outgassing SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE biogeochemical cycles and modeling; carbon cycling; hydrologic scaling ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; METHANE FLUX; STREAM POWER; BASIN; INUNDATION; WATER; CATCHMENTS; FLOODPLAIN; EXCHANGE; EROSION AB A recent estimate of CO(2) outgassing from Amazonian wetlands suggests that an order of magnitude more CO(2) leaves rivers through gas exchange with the atmosphere than is exported to the ocean as organic plus inorganic carbon. However, the contribution of smaller rivers is still poorly understood, mainly because of limitations in mapping their spatial extent. Considering that the largest extension of the Amazon River network is composed of small rivers, the authors' objective was to elucidate their role in air-water CO(2) exchange by developing a geographic information system ( GIS)- based model to calculate the surface area covered by rivers with channels less than 100 m wide, combined with estimated CO(2) outgassing rates at the Ji-Parana River basin, in the western Amazon. Estimated CO(2) outgassing was the main carbon export pathway for this river basin, totaling 289 Gg C yr(-1), about 2.4 times the amount of carbon exported as dissolved inorganic carbon ( 121 Gg C yr(-1)) and 1.6 times the dissolved organic carbon export ( 185 Gg C yr(-1)). The relationships established here between drainage area and channel width provide a new model for determining small river surface area, allowing regional extrapolations of air - water gas exchange. Applying this model to the entire Amazon River network of channels less than 100 m wide ( third to fifth order), the authors calculate that the surface area of small rivers is 0.3 +/- 0.05 million km(2), and it is potentially evading to the atmosphere 170 +/- 42 Tg C yr(-1) as CO(2). Therefore, these ecosystems play an important role in the regional carbon balance. C1 [Salimon, Cleber] Univ Fed Acre, Dept Ciencias Nat, Rio Branco, Acre, Brazil. [Alin, Simone R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Richey, Jeffrey E.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Rasera, Maria de Fatima F. L.; Ballester, Maria Victoria R.; Krusche, Alex V.; Montebelo, Leticia A.; Victoria, Reynaldo L.] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, Sao Paulo, Brazil. RP Rasera, MDFL (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Energia Nucl Agr, Av Centenario 303, BR-13416000 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil. EM mrasera@cena.usp.br RI salimon, cleber/B-6701-2009; Victoria, Reynaldo /F-5348-2012; Ballester, Maria/K-1926-2013 OI salimon, cleber/0000-0003-4408-4675; Ballester, Maria/0000-0003-2567-6747 NR 38 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2008 VL 12 AR 6 DI 10.1175/2008EI257.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 320PD UT WOS:000257246400001 ER PT J AU Ren, DD Leslie, LM Karoly, D AF Ren, Diandong Leslie, Lance M. Karoly, David TI Landslide Risk Analysis using a New Constitutive Relationship for Granular flow SO EARTH INTERACTIONS LA English DT Article DE landslide; global warming; granular flow rheology ID MODEL; PLANE; SOIL; LAW AB In this study, landslide potential is investigated, using a new constitutive relationship for granular flow in a numerical model. Unique to this study is an original relationship between soil moisture and the inertial number for soil particles. This numerical model can be applied to arbitrary soil slab profile configurations and to the analysis of natural disasters, such as mudslides, glacier creeping, avalanches, landslips, and other pyroclastic flows. Here the focus is on mudslides. The authors examine the effects of bed slope and soil slab thickness, soil layered profile configuration, soil moisture content, basal sliding, and the growth of vegetation, and show that increased soil moisture enhances instability primarily by decreasing soil strength, together with increasing loading. Moreover, clay soils generally require a smaller relative saturation than sandy soils for sliding to commence. For a stable configuration, such as a small slope and/or dry soil, the basal sliding is absorbed if the perturbation magnitude is small. However, large perturbations can trigger significant-scale mudslides by liquefying the soil slab. The role of vegetation depends on the wet soil thickness and the spacing between vegetation roots. The thinner the saturated soil layer, the slower the flow, giving the vegetation additional time to extract soil moisture and slow down the flow. By analyzing the effect of the root system on the stress distribution, it is shown that closer tree spacing increases the drag effects on the velocity field, provided that the root system is deeper than the shearing zone. Finally, the authors investigated a two-layer soil profile, namely, sand above clay. A significant stress jump occurs at the interface of the two media. C1 [Ren, Diandong] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Karoly, David] Univ Melbourne, Sch Earth Sci, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Ren, DD (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM dd_ren@rossby.metr.ou.edu RI Karoly, David/C-8262-2011; Ren, Diandong/C-8870-2013 OI Karoly, David/0000-0002-8671-2994; Ren, Diandong/0000-0002-5757-7527 NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1087-3562 J9 EARTH INTERACT JI Earth Interact. PY 2008 VL 12 AR 4 DI 10.1175/2007EI237.1 PG 16 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 311ZW UT WOS:000256639900001 ER PT S AU Elvidge, C Pettit, D Imhoff, M Nemani, R Pack, D Cinzano, P AF Elvidge, C. Pettit, D. Imhoff, M. Nemani, R. Pack, D. Cinzano, P. BE Butler, JJ TI Observational considerations for moderate resolution nighttime lights SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA DE Urban; nighttime lights; Nightsat ID BREAST-CANCER; CITY LIGHTS; POPULATION; RISK AB A concept has been developed for a satellite sensor system capable of global observation of the location, extent and brightness of night-time lights at a spatial resolution suitable for the delineation of primary features within human settlements. Nightsat should be capable of producing a complete cloud-free global map of lights on an annual basis. We have used a combination field spectra of outdoor lighting, moderate resolution color photography of cities at night from the International Space Station, and high-resolution airborne camera imagery acquired at night to define a range of spatial, spectral, and detection limit options for a future Nightsat mission. Primary findings of our study are that Nightsat should collect data from a near-synchronous orbit in the mid-evening with 50 to 100 m spatial resolution, detection limits in the range of 10(-8) watts/cm(2)/sr/um, and a capacity for in-flight radiometric calibration. Although panchromatic low-light imaging data would be useful, multispectral low-light imaging data would provide valuable information on the type or character of lighting; potentially stronger predictors of variables, such as ambient population density and economic activity. The Nightsat mission concept is unique in its focus on observing a human activity, in contrast to traditional Earth observing systems that focus on natural systems. C1 [Elvidge, C.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Elvidge, C (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Elvidge, Christopher/C-3012-2009 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7301-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7081 AR 70810V DI 10.1117/12.795537 PG 9 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIQ51 UT WOS:000262056800026 ER PT S AU Fraser, GT Brown, SW Datla, RU Johnson, BC Lykke, KR Rice, JP AF Fraser, G. T. Brown, S. W. Datla, R. U. Johnson, B. C. Lykke, K. R. Rice, J. P. BE Butler, JJ TI Measurement science for climate remote sensing SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA DE climate change; measurement science; metrology; remote sensing ID RADIANCE RESPONSIVITY; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; NIST AB The NIST role in supporting our Nation's climate research is described. The assembly of climate data records over decadal time scales requires assimilating readings from a large number of optical sensors deployed in space and on the Earth by various nations. NIST, in partnership with NASA and NOAA, develops and disseminates the calibration tools and standards to ensure that the measurements from these sensors are accurate, comparable, and tied to international standards based on the SI system of units. This effort helps to provide confidence that the small decadal changes in environmental variables attributed to climate change are not an artifact of the measurement system. Additionally, it ensures that the measurements are physics based and thus comparable to climate models. C1 [Fraser, G. T.; Brown, S. W.; Datla, R. U.; Johnson, B. C.; Lykke, K. R.; Rice, J. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fraser, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7301-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7081 AR 708102 DI 10.1117/12.801698 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIQ51 UT WOS:000262056800001 ER PT S AU Yu, FF Wu, XQ AF Yu, Fangfang Wu, Xiangqian BE Butler, JJ TI Removal of Contaminated Pixels from the Desert Target for AVHRR Vicarious Calibration SO EARTH OBSERVING SYSTEMS XIII SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Earth Observing Systems XIII CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA DE NOAA AVHRR; vicarious calibration; Libyan Desert; NDVI; cloud-free pixel; dust stonn; wet soil; and sensor degradation ID VEGETATION INDEX; SATELLITE DATA; DATA SET; CLOUD; MODIS; ANTARCTICA; RADIOMETER; IMAGES; NOAA-7 AB Desert-based vicarious calibration plays an important role in generating long-term reliable satellite radiances for the visible and near-infrared channels of Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Lacking an on-board calibration device, the AVHRR relies on reflected radiances from a target site, e.g., a large desert, to calibrate its solar reflective channels. While the radiometric characteristics of the desert may be assumed stable, the reflected radiances from the target can occasionally be affected by the presence of clouds, sand-storms, vegetation, and wet surface. These contaminated pixels must be properly identified and removed to ensure calibration performance. This paper describes an algorithm to remove the contaminated pixels from AVHRR measurements taken over the Libyan Desert based on the characteristics of consistent Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) land-cover stratification. We first apply a NDVI histogram-determined threshold to screen pixels contaminated with vegetation in each individual AVHRR observation. Our analyses show that the vegetation growth inside the desert target has negligibly small impact on the AVHRR operational calibration results. Two criteria based on the maximum NDVI compositing technique are then employed to remove pixels contaminated with clouds, severe sand-storms or wet sand surface. Compared to other cloud screening methods, this algorithm is capable of not only identifying high reflectance clouds, but also removing low reflectance of wet surface and nearly indifferent reflectance of severe dust storms. The use of clear pixels appears to improve AVHRR calibration accuracy in the first three-four years after satellite launch. C1 [Yu, Fangfang] NOAA NESDIS STAR, ERT Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yu, FF (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS STAR, ERT Inc, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Fangfang.yu@noaa.gov RI Yu, Fangfang/E-7942-2011; Wu, Xiangqian/F-5634-2010 OI Yu, Fangfang/0000-0001-8343-0863; Wu, Xiangqian/0000-0002-7804-5650 NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7301-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7081 AR 70810H DI 10.1117/12.792559 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIQ51 UT WOS:000262056800015 ER PT J AU Frisk, MG Miller, TJ Martell, SJD Sosebee, K AF Frisk, M. G. Miller, T. J. Martell, S. J. D. Sosebee, K. TI New hypothesis helps explain elasmobranch "OutBurst" on Georges bank in the 1980s SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE elasmobranchs; Georges bank; leucoraja ocellata; regime shift; Scotian Shelf; winter skate ID SKATE LEUCORAJA-OCELLATA; CONTINENTAL-SHELF ECOSYSTEM; WINTER SKATE; REGIME SHIFTS; COMMUNITY; ATLANTIC; GROWTH; FISH; AGE; ENVIRONMENT AB Regime shifts are a feature of many ecosystems. During the last 40 years, intensive commercial exploitation and environmental changes have driven substantial shifts in ecosystem structure and function in the northwest Atlantic. In the Georges Bank-southern New England region, commercially important species have declined, and the ecosystem shifted to one dominated by economically undesirable species such as skates and dogfish. Aggregated abundance indices indicate a large increase of small and medium-sized elasmobranchs in the early 1980s following the decline of many commercial species. It has been hypothesized that ecological interactions such as competition and predation within the Georges Bank region were responsible for and are maintaining the "elasmobranch outburst" at the heart of the observed ecosystem shift. We offer an alternative hypothesis invoking population connectivity among winter skate populations such that the observed abundance increase is a result of migratory dynamics, perhaps with the Scotian Shelf (i.e., it is an open population). Here we critically evaluate the survey data for winter skate, the species principally responsible for the increase in total skate abundance during the 1980s on Georges Bank, to assess support for both hypotheses. We show that time series from different surveys within the Georges Bank region exhibit low coherence, indicating that a widespread population increase was not consistently shown by all surveys. Further, we argue that observed length-frequency data for Georges Bank indicate biologically unrealistic population fluctuations if the population is closed. Neither finding supports the elasmobranch outburst hypothesis. In contrast, survey time series for Georges Bank and the Scotian Shelf are negatively correlated, in support of the population connectivity hypothesis. Further, we argue that understanding the mechanisms of ecosystem state changes and population connectivity are needed to make inferences about both the causes and appropriate management responses to large-scale system change. C1 [Frisk, M. G.] SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Miller, T. J.] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. [Martell, S. J. D.] Univ British Columbia, Fisheries Ctr, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Sosebee, K.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Frisk, MG (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mfrisk@notes.cc.sunysb.edu RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008 OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614 NR 48 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 10 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 234 EP 245 DI 10.1890/06-1392.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 265PB UT WOS:000253371800019 PM 18372569 ER PT J AU Good, TP Davies, J Burke, BJ Ruckelshaus, MH AF Good, Thomas P. Davies, Jeremy Burke, Brian J. Ruckelshaus, Mary H. TI Incorporating catastrophic risk assessments into setting conservation goals for threatened Pacific Salmon SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE catastrophic loss; chinook salmon; evolutionarily significant unit (ESU); Onchorhynchus tshawytscha; population viability; Puget Sound; risk analysis; species recovery; planning ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; DIE-OFFS; POPULATION; CHINOOK; VERTEBRATES; EXTINCTION; RECOVERY; HABITAT; COHO AB Catastrophic die-offs can have important consequences for vertebrate population growth and biodiversity, but catastrophic risks are not commonly incorporated into endangered-species recovery planning. Natural (e.g., landslides, floods) and anthropogenic (e.g., toxic leaks and spills) catastrophes pose a challenge for evolutionarily significant units (ESUs) of Pacific salmon listed under the Endangered Species Act and teetering at precariously low population levels. To spread risks among Puget Sound chinook salmon populations, recovery strategies for ESU-wide viability recommend at least two viable populations of historical life-history types in each of five geographic regions. We explored the likelihood of Puget Sound chinook salmon ESU persistence by examining spatial patterns of catastrophic risk and testing ESU viability recommendations for 22 populations of the threatened Puget Sound chinook salmon ESU. We combined geospatial information about catastrophic risks and chinook salmon distribution in Puget Sound watersheds to categorize relative catastrophic risks for each population. We then analyzed similarities in risk scores among regions and compared risk distributions among strategies: (1) population groups selected using the ESU viability recommendations of having populations spread out geographically and including historical life-history diversity, and (2) population groups selected at random. Risks from individual catastrophes varied among populations, but overall risk from catastrophes was similar within geographic regions. Recovery strategies that called for two viable populations in each of five geographic regions had lower risk than random strategies; strategies that included life-history diversity had even lower risks. Geographically distributed populations have varying catastrophic-risks profiles, thus identifying and reinforcing the spatial and life-history diversity critical for populations to respond to environmental change or needed to rescue severely depleted or extirpated populations. Recovery planning can promote viability of Pacific salmon ESUs across the landscape by incorporating catastrophic risk assessments. C1 [Good, Thomas P.; Davies, Jeremy; Burke, Brian J.; Ruckelshaus, Mary H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Good, TP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM tom.good@noaa.gov NR 69 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 18 IS 1 BP 246 EP 257 DI 10.1890/06-1724.1 PG 12 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 265PB UT WOS:000253371800020 PM 18372570 ER PT S AU Thur, SM AF Thur, Steven M. BE Hay, J TI Resolving oil pollution liability with restoration-based claims: the United States' experience SO ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE CAUSED BY OIL SPILLS: ECONOMIC ASSESSMENTS AND COMPENSATIONS SE OCEANIS : SERIE DE DOCUMENTS OCEANOGRAPHIQUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar on Ecological Damage Caused by Oil Spills CY MAY 18-19, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Ctr Droit & dEcon Mer DE habitat equivalency analysis; natural resource damage assessment; oil; pollution ID HABITAT EQUIVALENCY ANALYSIS; RESOURCE RESTORATION; FUTURE AB Natural resource damage assessments following oil spills in the United States are governed by the procedures established in the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 and its implementing regulations. Three facets of the U.S. experience trace their origins to this statute. First, cooperative assessments conducted jointly by the trustees and those responsible for the spill serve to decrease both the cost and time of the injury assessment. Second, in addition to the costs of restoring the environmental injury, compensation is sought for interim and perpetual losses of natural resources and their services. Third, the cooperative process and the outcome of past litigation combine to lead the parties to reach relatively rapid out of court settlements to resolve environmental liability. This paper discusses the role of the trustees in conducting damage assessments, the process detailed in the Oil Pollution Act regulations, and habitat equivalency analysis, the most common method used to scale compensatory restoration. C1 [Thur, Steven M.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Off Response & Restorat, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Steven.Thur@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU INST OCEANOGRAPHIQUE PI PARIS PA 195 RUE SAINT-JACQUES, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0182-0745 BN 978-2-903581-50-3 J9 OCEANIS S D PY 2008 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 375 EP 391 PG 17 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BJA05 UT WOS:000264091900006 ER PT S AU Meade, N AF Meade, Norman BE Hay, J TI Conducting cooperative natural resource damage assessments: a case study of the Chalk Point oil spill SO ECOLOGICAL DAMAGE CAUSED BY OIL SPILLS: ECONOMIC ASSESSMENTS AND COMPENSATIONS SE OCEANIS : SERIE DE DOCUMENTS OCEANOGRAPHIQUES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Seminar on Ecological Damage Caused by Oil Spills CY MAY 18-19, 2006 CL Paris, FRANCE SP Univ Bretagne Occidentale, Ctr Droit & dEcon Mer DE natural resource damage assessment; natural resource restoration; oil spills; compensation; cooperative assessments AB Regulations under the U.S. Oil Pollution Act encourage cooperation between natural resource trustees and responsible party(s) in all phases of the natural resource damage assessment (NRDA) process. There are many advantages to conducting cooperative assessments, including lower transaction costs and faster restoration of the lost/injured natural resources. The Chalk Point oil spill case provides an illustration of a successful, cooperative NRDA that used both ecological-based and economic methods to determine the appropriate amount of compensatory restoration. Approximately 140 000 gallons of fuel oil were spilled in a marsh on the Patuxent River, a tributary to the Chesapeake Bay, in April 2000. The spill injured marine and terrestrial habitat, fish, birds, benthic organisms, terrapins, and recreational services. Settlement of all trustee claims for natural resource damages was achieved in January 2003. Most of the planned compensatory restoration projects have been completed. C1 [Meade, Norman] NOAA, Off Response & Restorat N ORR32, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM norman.meade@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 6 PU INST OCEANOGRAPHIQUE PI PARIS PA 195 RUE SAINT-JACQUES, 75005 PARIS, FRANCE SN 0182-0745 BN 978-2-903581-50-3 J9 OCEANIS S D PY 2008 VL 32 IS 3-4 BP 393 EP 408 PG 16 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Oceanography SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Oceanography GA BJA05 UT WOS:000264091900007 ER PT J AU Fujiwara, M AF Fujiwara, Masami TI Identifying interactions among salmon populations from observed dynamics SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE California Central Valley; Columbia River; fall-run chinook salmon; Klamath River; minimum/maximum autocorrelation analysis; multivariate time-series analysis; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; resource-mediated population interactions ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA AB A simple direct correlation analysis of individual counts between different populations often fails to characterize the true nature of population interactions; however, the most common data type available for population studies is count data, and one of the most important objectives in population and community ecology is to identify interactions among populations. Here, I examine the dynamics of the spawning abundance of fall-run chinook salmon spawning within the California Central Valley and the Klamath Basin, California, and the Columbia River Basin, Oregon. I analyzed multiple time series from each watershed using a multivariate time-series technique called maximum autocorrelation factor analysis. This technique was used for finding common underlying trends in escapement abundance within each watershed. These trends were further investigated to identify potential resource-mediated interactions among the three groups of salmon. Each group is affected by multiple trends that are likely to be affected by environmental factors. In addition, some of the trends are coherent with each other, and the differences in population dynamics originate from variations in the relative importance of these trends among the three watershed groups. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Fujiwara, M (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM masami.fujiwara@noaa.gov RI Fujiwara, Masami/C-3115-2012 OI Fujiwara, Masami/0000-0002-9255-6043 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 7 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD JAN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 4 EP 11 DI 10.1890/07-1270.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 270JN UT WOS:000253717200001 PM 18376540 ER PT B AU Butry, DT Gumpertz, M Genton, MG AF Butry, David T. Gumpertz, Marcia Genton, Marc G. BE Holmes, TP Prestemon, JP Abt, KL TI THE PRODUCTION OF LARGE AND SMALL WILDFIRES SO ECONOMICS OF FOREST DISTURBANCES: WILDFIRES, STORMS AND INVASIVE SPECIES SE Forestry Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; INFREQUENT DISTURBANCES; EXPERT-JUDGMENT; COMPARING LARGE; UNITED-STATES; FLORIDA; PROBABILITY; CONTAINMENT; CALIFORNIA; MOUNTAINS C1 [Butry, David T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Genton, Marc G.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Stat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Genton, Marc G.] Univ Geneva, Dept Econometr, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland. [Gumpertz, Marcia] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Butry, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-4369-7 J9 FOR SCI PY 2008 VL 79 BP 79 EP 106 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-4370-3 PG 28 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BKL19 UT WOS:000268414800005 ER PT B AU Prestemon, JP Butry, DT AF Prestemon, Jeffrey P. Butry, David T. BE Holmes, TP Prestemon, JP Abt, KL TI WILDLAND ARSON MANAGEMENT SO ECONOMICS OF FOREST DISTURBANCES: WILDFIRES, STORMS AND INVASIVE SPECIES SE Forestry Sciences LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID RESIDENTIAL BURGLARY; URBAN INTERFACE; CRIME; FIRE; TIME; WEATHER; OPPORTUNITY; PUNISHMENT C1 [Prestemon, Jeffrey P.] US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. [Butry, David T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prestemon, JP (reprint author), US Forest Serv, So Res Stn, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27709 USA. NR 71 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS BN 978-1-4020-4369-7 J9 FOR SCI PY 2008 VL 79 BP 123 EP 147 D2 10.1007/978-1-4020-4370-3 PG 25 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA BKL19 UT WOS:000268414800007 ER PT J AU Sherman, K AF Sherman, Kenneth BE Bianchi, G Skjoldal, HR TI The Large Marine Ecosystem Approach to Marine Resources Assessment and Management SO ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO FISHERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Implementing the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries CY SEP 26-28, 2006 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP Nordic Council Ministers & Govt Iceland & Norway ID SUSTAINABILITY; ZOOPLANKTON; PERSPECTIVE; FISHERIES; HEALTH; INPUTS; WATER AB Continued overfishing in the face of scientific warnings, fishing down food webs, destruction of habitat, and accelerated pollution loading - especially nitrogen export - have resulted in significant degradation to coastal and marine ecosystems of both rich and poor nations. Fragmentation among institutions, international agencies, and disciplines, lack of cooperation among nations sharing marine ecosystems, and weak national policies, legislation and enforcement all contribute to the need for a new imperative for adopting ecosystem-based approaches to managing human activities in these systems in order to avoid serious social and economic disruption. The global environment facility (GEF) has been approached by developing countries in overwhelming numbers for assistance in securing the futures of their shared large marine ecosystems (LMEs). This presentation describes the LME assessment approach to assist developing countries in Asia, Africa, Latin America and eastern Europe in the management of human activities affecting coastal and marine ecosystems and linked freshwater basins. At risk are renewable goods and services valued at an estimated $12.6 trillion/year. There are 110 countries involved in 16 LME projects approved by the GEF Council or under preparation. A five-module assessment and management methodology is being applied that moves the countries towards adopting practical joint governance institutions through place-based management. This LME approach engages stakeholders, fosters the participation of the science community and leads to the development of adaptive management practices that are assisting participating countries in making the transition towards recovery and sustainable development of marine resources. C1 NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Sherman, K (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC USA. NR 81 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 10 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-414-9 PY 2008 BP 47 EP 75 DI 10.1079/9781845934149.0047 PG 29 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BWD96 UT WOS:000293693900006 ER PT J AU Tromble, GR AF Tromble, Galen R. BE Bianchi, G Skjoldal, HR TI The Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management in the USA SO ECOSYSTEM APPROACH TO FISHERIES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Implementing the Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries CY SEP 26-28, 2006 CL Bergen, NORWAY SP Nordic Council Ministers & Govt Iceland & Norway AB United States marine fisheries are highly diverse, exploiting resources in ecosystems ranging from the arctic to the tropics, and in both the Atlantic and the Pacific Oceans. Protecting, restoring and managing the use of coastal and ocean resources is one of the strategic goals of National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NOAA Fisheries is the agency with primary responsibility to achieve this goal. A variety of ecosystem approaches have been used in fisheries management, but improvements are needed in the understanding of ecosystems and their dynamics. The general approach is to establish strategic fishery ecosystem plans (FEP) that describe goals, the current state of information and knowledge and priorities for research; establish a management framework to utilize existing ecosystem knowledge; improve ecosystem science and models on an ongoing basis; and utilize the best available scientific information in management decisions. Important challenges still remain and include providing management with decision support tools to deal with increased complexity of objectives and information, the need for better communication and outreach to the public and to policy makers and the need to strengthen the statutory basis for the ecosystem approach to fisheries management (EAFM). Finally, ocean governance issues are challenging, involving multiple levels of government with overlapping, but differing, geographic scope and legal authority. C1 NOAA, Washington, DC USA. RP Tromble, GR (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC USA. NR 8 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 7 PU CABI PUBLISHING-C A B INT PI WALLINGFORD PA CABI PUBLISHING, WALLINGFORD 0X10 8DE, OXON, ENGLAND BN 978-1-84593-414-9 PY 2008 BP 301 EP 308 DI 10.1079/9781845934149.0301 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BWD96 UT WOS:000293693900020 ER PT J AU Genin, D AF Genin, Daniel TI RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENT: BOUNDEDNESS OF ORBITS FOR TRAPEZOIDAL OUTER BILLIARDS SO ELECTRONIC RESEARCH ANNOUNCEMENTS IN MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Outer billiards; bounded orbits AB We state and briefly sketch the proof of a result on boundedness of outer billiard orbits for trapezoidal outer billiards. C1 Natl Inst Stand, Washington, DC USA. RP Genin, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand, Washington, DC USA. EM dgenin@nist.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER INST MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES PI SPRINGFIELD PA PO BOX 2604, SPRINGFIELD, MO 65801-2604 USA SN 1935-9179 J9 ELECTRON RES ANNOUNC JI Electron. Res. Announc. Math. Sci. PY 2008 VL 15 BP 71 EP 78 PG 8 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA 406WS UT WOS:000263326200001 ER PT S AU Hill, SB Faradzhev, NS Tarrio, C Lucatorto, TB Madey, TE Yakshinskiy, BV Loginova, E Yulin, S AF Hill, S. B. Faradzhev, N. S. Tarrio, C. Lucatorto, T. B. Madey, T. E. Yakshinskiy, B. V. Loginova, E. Yulin, S. BE Schellenberg, FM TI Accelerated lifetime metrology of EUV multilayer mirrors in hydrocarbon environments - art. no. 692117 SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES XII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies XII CY FEB 26-28, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE extreme ultraviolet; lithography; reflectometry; EUV optics; ruthenium films; lifetime testing ID LITHOGRAPHY; OPTICS AB The ability to predict the rate of reflectivity loss of capped multilayer mirrors (MLMs) under various conditions of ambient vacuum composition, intensity, and previous dose is crucial to solving the mirror lifetime problem in an EUV stepper. Previous measurements at NIST have shown that reflectivity loss of MLMs exposed under accelerated conditions of dose and pressure can be a very complicated function of these variables. The present work continues this effort and demonstrates that reflectivity loss does not scale linearly for accelerated exposure doses over the range of 0-350 J/mm(2) either for partial pressures of MMA in the range 10(-8)-10(-7) Torr or acetone in the range 10(-7)-10(-6) Torr. We suggest that this nonlinear scaling may be the result of a varying damage rate as the surface of the growing contamination layer moves through the EUV standing wave created by exposure of any MLM to resonant radiation. To further investigate the potential influence of these resonance effects, we report new measurements showing large variations of the secondary electron yield as a function of thickness of carbon deposited on top of a MLM. C1 [Hill, S. B.; Faradzhev, N. S.; Tarrio, C.; Lucatorto, T. B.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20853 USA. RP Hill, SB (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8411, Gaithersburg, MD 20853 USA. NR 14 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7106-2 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 6921 BP 92117 EP 92117 DI 10.1117/12.772627 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Physics GA BHV89 UT WOS:000256898400034 ER PT S AU Ro, HW Jones, RL Peng, H Lee, HJ Lin, EK Karim, A Yoon, DY Gidley, DW Soles, CL AF Ro, Hyun Wook Jones, Ronald L. Peng, Huagen Lee, Hae-Jeong Lin, Eric K. Karim, Alamgir Yoon, Do Y. Gidley, David W. Soles, Christopher L. BE Schellenberg, FM TI Porosity characteristics of ultra-low dielectric insulator films directly patterned by nanoimprint lithography SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES XII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies XII CY FEB 26-28, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE nanoimprint lithography; organosilicate; PMSQ; direct NIL patterning; PALS; X-ray reflectivity; XRP ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE NANOIMPRINT; X-RAY POROSIMETRY; LOW-K DIELECTRICS; THIN-FILMS; IMPRINT LITHOGRAPHY; PORE-SIZE; NANOPOROUS GLASSES; CONSTANT MATERIALS; FABRICATION; INTERCONNECTS AB Direct patterning of low-dielectric constant (low-k) materials via nanoimprint lithography (NIL) has the potential to simplify fabrication processes and significantly reduce the manufacturing costs for semiconductor devices. We report direct imprinting of sub-100 nm features into a high modulus methylsilsesquioxane-based organosilicate glass (OSG) material. An excellent fidelity of the pattern transfer process is quantified with nm precision using critical dimension small angle X-ray scattering (CD-SAXS) and specular X-ray reflectivity (SXR). X-ray porosimetry (XRP) and positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS) measurements indicate that imprinting increases the inherent microporosity of the methylsilsequioxane-based OSG material. When a porogen (pore generating material) is added, imprinting decreases the population of mesopores associated with the porogen while retaining the enhanced microporosity. The net effect is a decrease the pore interconnectivity. There is also evidence for a sealing effect that is interpreted as an imprint induced dense skin at the surface of the porous pattern. C1 [Ro, Hyun Wook; Jones, Ronald L.; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Lin, Eric K.; Karim, Alamgir; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Soles, CL (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM csoles@nist.gov NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7106-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6921 AR 69211M DI 10.1117/12.773004 PN 1-2 PG 11 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Physics GA BHV89 UT WOS:000256898400048 ER PT S AU Tarrio, C Benner, BA Vest, RE Grantham, S Hill, SB Lucatorto, TB Hendricks, JH Abbott, P Denbeaux, G Mbanaso, C Antohe, A Orvek, K Choi, KW AF Tarrio, C. Benner, B. A. Vest, R. E. Grantham, S. Hill, S. B. Lucatorto, T. B. Hendricks, J. H. Abbott, P. Denbeaux, G. Mbanaso, C. Antohe, A. Orvek, K. Choi, K-W BE Schellenberg, FM TI Quantitative measurement of outgas products from EUV photoresists SO EMERGING LITHOGRAPHIC TECHNOLOGIES XII, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Emerging Lithographic Technologies XII CY FEB 26-28, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE extreme ultraviolet lithography; EUV optics; resist outgassing; carbon growth; optics lifetime AB The photon-stimulated emission of organic molecules from the photoresist during exposure is a serious problem for extreme-ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) because the adsorption of the outgassing products on the EUV optics can lead to carbonization and subsequent reflectivity loss. In order to accurately quantify the total amount of outgassing for a given resist during an exposure, we have constructed a compact, portable chamber that is instrumented with a spinning rotor gauge and a capacitance diaphragm gauge that, unlike the more commonly used ionization gauge or quadrupole mass spectrometer, provides a direct and accurate measurement of the total pressure that is largely independent of the composition of the outgas products. We have also developed a method to perform compositional analysis on the outgas products and, more generally, on any contaminants that might be present in the stepper vacuum. The method involves collecting the vacuum contaminants in a trap cooled to liquid-nitrogen temperature. Once collected, the products from the trap are transferred to a system for analysis with gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. We will describe the workings of the instruments in detail as well as results of initial tests. C1 [Tarrio, C.; Benner, B. A.; Vest, R. E.; Grantham, S.; Hill, S. B.; Lucatorto, T. B.; Hendricks, J. H.; Abbott, P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tarrio, C (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7106-2 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6921 AR 69211H DI 10.1117/12.772686 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology; Physics GA BHV89 UT WOS:000256898400044 ER PT J AU Sogard, SM Gilbert-Horvath, E Anderson, EC Fishee, R Berkeley, SA Garza, JC AF Sogard, Susan M. Gilbert-Horvath, Elizabeth Anderson, Eric C. Fishee, Rebecca Berkeley, Steven A. Garza, J. Carlos TI Multiple paternity in viviparous kelp rockfish, Sebastes atrovirens SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE mating strategies; sperm storage; live-bearing; larvae ID GENUS SEBASTES; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; EMBRYONIC-DEVELOPMENT; 1ST OBSERVATIONS; REPRODUCTION; ENERGETICS; SCORPAENIDAE; COURTSHIP; SCHLEGELI; PATTERNS AB Analysis of multilocus microsatellite genotypes revealed multiple paternity for all of the seven viable broods of larvae produced by kelp rockfish, Sebastes atrovirens (Jordan and Gilbert 1880), held jointly in a large aquarium tank (n = eight females and eight males). Only two of the eight experimental males were identified as fathers, and alleles not found in any of the captive males were present in all seven broods, demonstrating paternity by wild males external to the experiment. Thus, all of the females mated with one or more males prior to capture, confirming that female kelp rockfish are capable of storing sperm and controlling the overall timing of egg fertilization. These results highlight the potential for a paternal influence on larval quality through female mate choice and sperm competition. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Sogard, SM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM susan.sogard@noaa.gov OI Fisher, Rebecca/0000-0001-5148-6731 NR 26 TC 12 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD JAN PY 2008 VL 81 IS 1 BP 7 EP 13 DI 10.1007/s10641-006-9170-9 PG 7 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 228HS UT WOS:000250721600001 ER PT J AU Dyble, J Bienfang, P Dusek, E Hitchcock, G Holland, F Laws, E Lerczak, J McGillicuddy, DJ Minnett, P Moore, SK O'Kelly, C Solo-Gabriele, H Wang, JD AF Dyble, Julianne Bienfang, Paul Dusek, Eva Hitchcock, Gary Holland, Fred Laws, Ed Lerczak, James McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr. Minnett, Peter Moore, Stephanie K. O'Kelly, Charles Solo-Gabriele, Helena Wang, John D. TI Environmental controls, oceanography and population dynamics of pathogens and harmful algal blooms: connecting sources to human exposure SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Centers for Oceans and Human Health Investigators CY APR 24-27, 2007 CL Woods Hole, MA ID PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BAY OUTFALL PLUMES; RED-TIDE TOXINS; DATA ASSIMILATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SUBTROPICAL ENVIRONMENT; WASHINGTON COAST; LAKE-MICHIGAN; GEORGES BANK; TRANSPORT AB Coupled physical-biological models are capable of linking the complex interactions between environmental factors and physical hydrodynamics to simulate the growth, toxicity and transport of infectious pathogens and harmful algal blooms (HABs). Such simulations can be used to assess and predict the impact of pathogens and HABs on human health. Given the widespread and increasing reliance of coastal communities on aquatic systems for drinking water, seafood and recreation, such predictions are critical for making informed resource management decisions. Here we identify three challenges to making this connection between pathogens/HABs and human health: predicting concentrations and toxicity; identifying the spatial and temporal scales of population and ecosystem interactions; and applying the understanding of population dynamics of pathogens/HABs to management strategies. We elaborate on the need to meet each of these challenges, describe how modeling approaches can be used and discuss strategies for moving forward in addressing these challenges. C1 [Dyble, Julianne] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ctr Excellence Great Lakes & Human Hlth, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Bienfang, Paul; Laws, Ed; O'Kelly, Charles] Univ Hawaii, Pacific Res Ctr Marine Biomed, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Dusek, Eva] Univ Washington, Pacific NW Ctr Human Hlth & Ocean Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hitchcock, Gary; Minnett, Peter; Solo-Gabriele, Helena; Wang, John D.] Univ Miami, Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Key Biscayne, FL USA. [Holland, Fred] NOAA, Ctr Excellence Oceans & Human Hlth, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Lerczak, James; McGillicuddy, Dennis J., Jr.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Moore, Stephanie K.] NOAA, W Coast Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Dyble, J (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ctr Excellence Great Lakes & Human Hlth, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM juli.dyble@noaa.gov; bienfang@soest.hawaii.edu; itseva@gmail.com; ghitchcock@rsmas.miami.edu; Fred.Holland@noaa.gov; edlaws@lsu.edu; jlerczak@coas.oregonstate.edu; dmcgillicuddy@whoi.edu; pminnett@rsmas.miami.edu; mooresk@u.washington.edu; charles.okelly@gmail.com; hmsolo@miami.edu; jwang@rsmas.miami.edu NR 58 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 7 U2 20 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PY 2008 VL 7 SU 2 AR S5 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-7-S2-S5 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 380GI UT WOS:000261453800005 PM 19025676 ER PT J AU Erdner, DL Dyble, J Parsons, ML Stevens, RC Hubbard, KA Wrabel, ML Moore, SK Lefebvre, KA Anderson, DM Bienfang, P Bidigare, RR Parker, MS Moeller, P Brand, LE Trainer, VL AF Erdner, Deana L. Dyble, Julianne Parsons, Michael L. Stevens, Richard C. Hubbard, Katherine A. Wrabel, Michele L. Moore, Stephanie K. Lefebvre, Kathi A. Anderson, Donald M. Bienfang, Paul Bidigare, Robert R. Parker, Micaela S. Moeller, Peter Brand, Larry E. Trainer, Vera L. TI Centers for Oceans and Human Health: a unified approach to the challenge of harmful algal blooms SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Centers for Oceans and Human Health Investigators CY APR 24-27, 2007 CL Woods Hole, MA ID FLORIDA RED-TIDE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; DINOFLAGELLATE KARENIA-BREVIS; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA-MULTISERIES; LOWER GREAT-LAKES; REAL-TIME PCR; DOMOIC-ACID; MICROCYSTIS-AERUGINOSA; GAMBIERDISCUS-TOXICUS; GENE-CLUSTER AB Background: Harmful algal blooms (HABs) are one focus of the national research initiatives on Oceans and Human Health (OHH) at NIEHS, NOAA and NSF. All of the OHH Centers, from the east coast to Hawaii, include one or more research projects devoted to studying HAB problems and their relationship to human health. The research shares common goals for understanding, monitoring and predicting HAB events to protect and improve human health: understanding the basic biology of the organisms; identifying how chemistry, hydrography and genetic diversity influence blooms; developing analytical methods and sensors for cells and toxins; understanding health effects of toxin exposure; and developing conceptual, empirical and numerical models of bloom dynamics. Results: In the past several years, there has been significant progress toward all of the common goals. Several studies have elucidated the effects of environmental conditions and genetic heterogeneity on bloom dynamics. New methods have been developed or implemented for the detection of HAB cells and toxins, including genetic assays for Pseudo-nitzschia and Microcystis, and a biosensor for domoic acid. There have been advances in predictive models of blooms, most notably for the toxic dinoflagellates Alexandrium and Karenia. Other work is focused on the future, studying the ways in which climate change may affect HAB incidence, and assessing the threat from emerging HABs and toxins, such as the cyanobacterial neurotoxin beta-N-methylamino-L-alanine. Conclusion: Along the way, many challenges have been encountered that are common to the OHH Centers and also echo those of the wider HAB community. Long-term field data and basic biological information are needed to develop accurate models. Sensor development is hindered by the lack of simple and rapid assays for algal cells and especially toxins. It is also critical to adequately understand the human health effects of HAB toxins. Currently, we understand best the effects of acute toxicity, but almost nothing is known about the effects of chronic, subacute toxin exposure. The OHH initiatives have brought scientists together to work collectively on HAB issues, within and across regions. The successes that have been achieved highlight the value of collaboration and cooperation across disciplines, if we are to continue to advance our understanding of HABs and their relationship to human health. C1 [Erdner, Deana L.] Univ Texas Marine Sci Inst, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. [Dyble, Julianne] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Parsons, Michael L.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Coastal Watershed Inst, Dept Marine & Ecol Sci, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [Stevens, Richard C.] Univ Washington, Dept Med, Div Med Genet, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hubbard, Katherine A.; Wrabel, Michele L.; Parker, Micaela S.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Pacific NW Ctr Human Hlth & Ocean Studies, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moore, Stephanie K.; Lefebvre, Kathi A.; Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, W Coast Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Anderson, Donald M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bienfang, Paul] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Pacific Res Ctr Marine Biomed, Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Bidigare, Robert R.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Ctr Marine Microbial Ecol & Divers, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Moeller, Peter] NOAA, Toxin Nat Prod Chem Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Brand, Larry E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Erdner, DL (reprint author), Univ Texas Marine Sci Inst, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. EM derdner@mail.utexas.edu; juli.dyble@noaa.gov; mparsons@fgcu.edu; rstevens@u.washington.edu; hubbard@ocean.washington.edu; mlw22@u.washington.edu; stephanie.moore@noaa.gov; Kathi.Lefebvre@noaa.gov; danderson@whoi.edu; bienfang@soest.hawaii.edu; bidigare@hawaii.edu; micaela@u.washington.edu; peter.moeller@noaa.gov; LBrand@rsmas.miami.edu; vera.l.trainer@noaa.gov RI Erdner, Deana/C-4981-2008; OI Erdner, Deana/0000-0002-1736-8835; Parker, Micaela/0000-0003-1007-4612 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P50 ES12736, P50 ES012736, P50 ES012762, P50 ES012740, P50 ES012742] NR 112 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 5 U2 33 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PY 2008 VL 7 SU 2 AR S2 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-7-S2-S2 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 380GI UT WOS:000261453800002 PM 19025673 ER PT J AU Moore, SK Trainer, VL Mantua, NJ Parker, MS Laws, EA Backer, LC Fleming, LE AF Moore, Stephanie K. Trainer, Vera L. Mantua, Nathan J. Parker, Micaela S. Laws, Edward A. Backer, Lorraine C. Fleming, Lora E. TI Impacts of climate variability and future climate change on harmful algal blooms and human health SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Centers for Oceans and Human Health Investigators CY APR 24-27, 2007 CL Woods Hole, MA ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; MESOSCALE IRON ENRICHMENT; TIDE TOXINS BREVETOXINS; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; EL-NINO; PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; DECADAL OSCILLATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT AB Anthropogenically-derived increases in atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations have been implicated in recent climate change, and are projected to substantially impact the climate on a global scale in the future. For marine and freshwater systems, increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases are expected to increase surface temperatures, lower pH, and cause changes to vertical mixing, upwelling, precipitation, and evaporation patterns. The potential consequences of these changes for harmful algal blooms (HABs) have received relatively little attention and are not well understood. Given the apparent increase in HABs around the world and the potential for greater problems as a result of climate change and ocean acidification, substantial research is needed to evaluate the direct and indirect associations between HABs, climate change, ocean acidification, and human health. This research will require a multidisciplinary approach utilizing expertise in climatology, oceanography, biology, epidemiology, and other disciplines. We review the interactions between selected patterns of large-scale climate variability and climate change, oceanic conditions, and harmful algae. C1 [Moore, Stephanie K.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Moore, Stephanie K.; Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, W Coast Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Parker, Micaela S.] Univ Washington, Pacific NW Ctr Human Hlth & Ocean Studies, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Laws, Edward A.] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Backer, Lorraine C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Epidemiol & Publ Hlth, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Fleming, Lora E.] Univ Miami, Sch Med, Dept Fisheries & Marine Biol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Fleming, Lora E.] Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. RP Moore, SK (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM stephanie.moore@UNSWalumni.com; vera.l.trainer@noaa.gov; nmantua@u.washington.edu; micaela@u.washington.edu; edlaws@lsu.edu; lfb9@CDC.GOV; lfleming@med.miami.edu OI Parker, Micaela/0000-0003-1007-4612 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P50 ES012736, P01 ES010594, P50 ES012740, P50 ES012762, P01 ES010594-08] NR 105 TC 95 Z9 96 U1 20 U2 129 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PY 2008 VL 7 SU 2 AR S4 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-7-S2-S4 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 380GI UT WOS:000261453800004 PM 19025675 ER PT J AU Stewart, JR Gast, RJ Fujioka, RS Solo-Gabriele, HM Meschke, JS Amaral-Zettler, LA del Castillo, E Polz, MF Collier, TK Strom, MS Sinigalliano, CD Moeller, PDR Holland, AF AF Stewart, Jill R. Gast, Rebecca J. Fujioka, Roger S. Solo-Gabriele, Helena M. Meschke, J. Scott Amaral-Zettler, Linda A. del Castillo, Erika Polz, Martin F. Collier, Tracy K. Strom, Mark S. Sinigalliano, Christopher D. Moeller, Peter D. R. Holland, A. Fredrick TI The coastal environment and human health: microbial indicators, pathogens, sentinels and reservoirs SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Meeting of the Centers for Oceans and Human Health Investigators CY APR 24-27, 2007 CL Woods Hole, MA ID FREE-LIVING AMEBAS; REAL-TIME PCR; MARINE RECREATIONAL WATER; VIBRIO-CHOLERAE STRAINS; HUMAN FECAL POLLUTION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BEACH SAND; ACANTHAMOEBA-CASTELLANII; BIOFILM FORMATION; FRESH-WATER AB Innovative research relating oceans and human health is advancing our understanding of disease-causing organisms in coastal ecosystems. Novel techniques are elucidating the loading, transport and fate of pathogens in coastal ecosystems, and identifying sources of contamination. This research is facilitating improved risk assessments for seafood consumers and those who use the oceans for recreation. A number of challenges still remain and define future directions of research and public policy. Sample processing and molecular detection techniques need to be advanced to allow rapid and specific identification of microbes of public health concern from complex environmental samples. Water quality standards need to be updated to more accurately reflect health risks and to provide managers with improved tools for decision-making. Greater discrimination of virulent versus harmless microbes is needed to identify environmental reservoirs of pathogens and factors leading to human infections. Investigations must include examination of microbial community dynamics that may be important from a human health perspective. Further research is needed to evaluate the ecology of non-enteric water-transmitted diseases. Sentinels should also be established and monitored, providing early warning of dangers to ecosystem health. Taken together, this effort will provide more reliable information about public health risks associated with beaches and seafood consumption, and how human activities can affect their exposure to disease-causing organisms from the oceans. C1 [Stewart, Jill R.; Moeller, Peter D. R.; Holland, A. Fredrick] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Gast, Rebecca J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fujioka, Roger S.] Univ Hawaii, Water Resources Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Solo-Gabriele, Helena M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Meschke, J. Scott] Univ Washington, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Amaral-Zettler, Linda A.; del Castillo, Erika] Woods Hole Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Marine Biol Lab, Josephine Bay Paul Ctr Comparat Mol Biol & Evolut, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Polz, Martin F.] Woods Hole Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Collier, Tracy K.; Strom, Mark S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher D.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Off Ocean & Atmospher Res, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Sinigalliano, Christopher D.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Stewart, JR (reprint author), NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM jill.stewart@unc.edu; rgast@whoi.edu; roger@hawaii.edu; hmsolo@miami.edu; jmeschke@u.washington.edu; amaral@mbl.edu; edelcastillo@mbl.edu; mpolz@mit.edu; tracy.collier@noaa.gov; mark.strom@noaa.gov; christopher.sinigalliano@noaa.gov; peter.moeller@noaa.gov; fred.holland@noaa.gov RI Sinigalliano, Christopher/A-8760-2014; OI Sinigalliano, Christopher/0000-0002-9942-238X; Gast, Rebecca J/0000-0003-3875-3975; /0000-0001-9296-3733 FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P50 ES012736, P50 ES012740, P50 ES012742, P50 ES012762, P50 ES12736] NR 126 TC 54 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 44 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1476-069X J9 ENVIRON HEALTH-GLOB JI Environ. Health PY 2008 VL 7 SU 2 AR S3 DI 10.1186/1476-069X-7-S2-S3 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 380GI UT WOS:000261453800003 PM 19025674 ER PT S AU Mysiak, J Brown, JD Jansen, JML Quinn, NWT AF Mysiak, J. Brown, J. D. Jansen, J. M. L. Quinn, N. W. T. BE Jakeman, AJ Voinov, AA Rizzoli, AE Chen, SH TI ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY AID UNDER UNCERTAINTY SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING, SOFTWARE AND DECISION SUPPORT: STATE OF THE ART AND NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Developments in Integrated Environmental Assessment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID DECISION-MAKING; RISK; MANAGEMENT; INFORMATION; JUDGMENT; SCIENCE; BIASES; SUSTAINABILITY; PROBABILITY; METHODOLOGY C1 [Mysiak, J.] FEEM, I-30122 Venice, Italy. [Brown, J. D.] NOAA, Hydrol Ensemble Predict Grp, Off Hydrol Dev, NWS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Jansen, J. M. L.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Alterra, NL-6700 AA Wageningen, Netherlands. [Quinn, N. W. T.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Mysiak, J (reprint author), FEEM, Castello 5252, I-30122 Venice, Italy. RI Quinn, Nigel/G-2407-2015 OI Quinn, Nigel/0000-0003-3333-4763 NR 64 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-101X BN 978-0-08-091530-2 J9 DEV INTEG ENVIRON PY 2008 VL 3 BP 87 EP 100 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCO90 UT WOS:000310922300007 ER PT S AU Liu, Y Mahmoud, M Hartmann, H Stewart, S Wagener, T Semmens, D Stewart, R Gupta, H Dominguez, D Hulse, D Letcher, R Rashleigh, B Smith, C Street, R Ticehurst, J Twery, M van Delden, H White, D AF Liu, Y. Mahmoud, M. Hartmann, H. Stewart, S. Wagener, T. Semmens, D. Stewart, R. Gupta, H. Dominguez, D. Hulse, D. Letcher, R. Rashleigh, B. Smith, C. Street, R. Ticehurst, J. Twery, M. van Delden, H. White, D. BE Jakeman, AJ Voinov, AA Rizzoli, AE Chen, SH TI FORMAL SCENARIO DEVELOPMENT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT STUDIES SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING, SOFTWARE AND DECISION SUPPORT: STATE OF THE ART AND NEW PERSPECTIVES SE Developments in Integrated Environmental Assessment LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID UNCERTAINTY; FUTURE; METHODOLOGY; MANAGEMENT; RIVER; LAND; TOOL C1 [Liu, Y.] NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mahmoud, M.; Stewart, S.; Gupta, H.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Hartmann, H.] Univ Arizona, Arid Lands Informat Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Wagener, T.] Penn State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Semmens, D.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Las Vegas, NV 89119 USA. [Stewart, R.] Univ Tennessee, Inst Environm Modeling, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Dominguez, D.] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Eawag, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Dominguez, D.] ETH, Inst Environm Engn, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Hulse, D.] Univ Oregon, Dept Landscape Architecture 5234, Eugene, OR 97403 USA. [Ticehurst, J.] Australian Natl Univ, Fenner Sch Environm & Soc, Integrated Catchment Assessment & Management Ctr, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Rashleigh, B.] US EPA, Off Res & Dev, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Athens, GA 30605 USA. [Smith, C.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Anthropol, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Street, R.] UKCIP OUCE, Ocford OX1 3QY, England. [Twery, M.] US Forest Serv, No Res Stn Program, USDA, S Burlington, VT 05403 USA. [van Delden, H.] RIKS, NL-6200 AL Maastricht, Netherlands. [White, D.] US EPA, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Liu, Y (reprint author), NOAA, Off Hydrol Dev, Natl Weather Serv, 1325 EW Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Gupta, Hoshin/D-1642-2010 OI Gupta, Hoshin/0000-0001-9855-2839 NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1574-101X BN 978-0-08-091530-2 J9 DEV INTEG ENVIRON PY 2008 VL 3 BP 145 EP 162 PG 18 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCO90 UT WOS:000310922300010 ER PT J AU Hook, TO Gorokhova, E Hansson, S AF Hoeoek, Tomas O. Gorokhova, Elena Hansson, Sture TI RNA : DNA ratios of Baltic Sea herring larvae and copepods in embayment and open sea habitats SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Baltic Sea; herring; nursery habitat; recruitment ID CLUPEA-HARENGUS L; FOOD AVAILABILITY; RNA/DNA RATIOS; COASTAL AREA; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; MARINE NURSERIES; GROWTH-RATES; MEMBRAS L; FISH; DYNAMICS AB Elucidation of important nursery habitats for young fish can aid in the management and assessment of fish stocks. Herring (Clupea harengus) in the Baltic Sea primarily spawn in coastal areas, but larvae are also present in off-shore, open sea areas. To investigate if sheltered coastal habitats provide a better growth environment for larval herring, we compared short-term growth (as indexed by whole body RNA:DNA ratios) of larval herring from three habitat types of the northwest Baltic proper (sheltered inner bay, exposed outer bay, and open sea). In addition, we compared individual RNA content of adult female Eurytemora affinis (a common Baltic copepod) among these different habitats. High RNA levels in these copepods indicate high production of nauplii, which are important food for larval herring. Both RNA:DNA ratios of larval herring and RNA content of E. affinis were significantly greater in embayment habitats, suggesting that the sheltered coastal areas are high quality nursery habitats for young Baltic herring. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hoeoek, Tomas O.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Gorokhova, Elena; Hansson, Sture] Stockholm Univ, Dept Syst Ecol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. RP Hook, TO (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM thook@umich.edu OI Gorokhova, Elena/0000-0002-4192-6956 NR 40 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 76 IS 1 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.06.012 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 257IG UT WOS:000252791800004 ER PT J AU Fonseca, MS Kenworth, WJ Griffith, E Hall, MO Finkbeiner, M Bell, SS AF Fonseca, Mark S. Kenworth, W. Judson Griffith, Emily Hall, Margaret O. Finkbeiner, Mark Bell, Susan S. TI Factors influencing landscape pattern of the seagrass Halophila decipiens in an oceanic setting SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE seagrass; scale; Halophila; disturbance; landscape; clonal; USA; Florida; eastern Gulf of Mexico; West Florida Shelf ID DEEP-WATER SEAGRASS; OSTENFELD HYDROCHARITACEAE; HALODULE-WRIGHTII; SEED RESERVE; DYNAMICS; FLORIDA; SCALE; DISPERSAL; PANAMA; HETEROGENEITY AB The scale of landscape pattern formation of an ecological community may provide clues as to the processes influencing its spatial and temporal dynamics. We conducted an examination of the spatial organization of an annual seagrass (Halophila decipiens) in an open ocean setting at two spatial scales and growing seasons to identify the relative influence of external (hurricanes) versus internal (clonal growth) factors. Visual surveys of seagrass cover were conducted over 2 years within three replicate I km 2 study areas each separated by similar to 25 km in an inshore-offshore transect along the southwest coast of Florida at depths between similar to 10 and 30 m. A towed video sled allowed observations of seagrass cover of 1 m(2) areas approximately every 6 m over thousands of meters of evenly spaced transects within the study areas (coarse scale). The towed video revealed that 17.5% of the seafloor was disturbed irrespective of location or sample time. Randomly selected 10 x 10 m quadrats within the larger, 1 km(2) study areas were completely surveyed for seagrass cover by divers at 0.625 m(2) resolution (fine scale). The coarse-scale observations were tested using both conventional geostatistics and an application of a time-series technique (Runs test) for scale of seagrass cover contiguity. Fine-scale observations were examined using conventional geostatistics and a least squares approach (cumulative logistic). The coarse-scale observations revealed little scale dependency and indicated that the structure was organized at spatial extents finer than our sample spacing; the cumulative logistic technique revealed potential fine-scale patterns not otherwise discerned. In contrast, surveys of the 10 x 10 m quadrats detected strong scale dependency with multiple small gaps, indicating scale-dependent patterns arising from processes operating at extents generally < 14 m. Between June and October 1999, a Category I hurricane passed over the study area, rearranging large areas of sand that uncovered some rocky hard bottom areas, while covering others; by the next growing season the newly covered areas were vegetated with Halophila decipiens that likely arose from transported seeds. Spatial analysis revealed that the storm led to a shift to greater frequency of H. decipiens, but lower density coverage. Seagrass density remained substantially depressed in all areas a full year following the storm. The short life history of H. decipiens and the apparent existence of a moveable seed bank means that spatial organization of this community is dictated first by large-scale dispersal of plant propagules (hundreds of meters) and then within a growing season, by clonal organization of the seagrass operating over very small distances (m). The two techniques (semivariance and Runs test) led to similar conclusions regarding the organizational scales of seagrass landscape pattern. As with terrestrial examples, this study demonstrates the importance of selecting the appropriate scale for detection of landscape pattern and processes influencing population ecology of a seagrass ecosystem. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Fonseca, Mark S.; Kenworth, W. Judson] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Hahbitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Griffith, Emily] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Stat, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Finkbeiner, Mark] NOAA, NOS, Coastal Serv Ctr, Charleston, SC USA. [Bell, Susan S.] Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. RP Fonseca, MS (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Hahbitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM mark.fonseca@noaa.gov; jud.kenworthy@noaa.gov; eghohmei@ncsu.edu; penny.hall@myfwc.com; mark.finkbeiner@noaa.gov; sbell@cas.usf.edu NR 56 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 31 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 76 IS 1 BP 163 EP 174 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.06.014 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 257IG UT WOS:000252791800016 ER PT J AU Gentile, C Braga, AJ Kik, A AF Gentile, Camillo Braga, A. Judson Kik, Alfred TI A Comprehensive Evaluation of Joint Range and Angle Estimation in Indoor Ultrawideband Location Systems SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR ARRAYS; TOA ESTIMATION; PROPAGATION; CHANNEL; ENVIRONMENTS AB Fine time resolution enables ultrawideband (UWB) ranging systems to extract the first multipath arrival corresponding to the range between a transmitter and receiver, even when attenuated in strength compared to later arrivals. Bearing systems alone lack any notion of time and in general select the strongest arrival which is rarely the first one in nonline-of-sight conditions. Complementing UWB ranging systems with bearing capabilities allows indexing the arrivals as a function of both time and angle in order to isolate the first, providing precision range and angle. However, that precision degrades with the increasing presence of walls and other objects which distort the properties of the first arrival. In order to gauge the physical limits of the joint UWB system, we design and assemble a spatial-temporal channel sounder using a vector network analyzer coupled to a virtual antenna array, and conduct 200 experiments to measure the time- and angle-of-flight. The experiments are carried out in both line-of-sight and nonline-of-sight conditions up to an unprecedented 45 meters throughout four separate buildings with dominant wall material varying from sheet rock to steel. In addition, we report performance for varying bandwidth and center frequency of the system. We find that operating at a bandwidth of 4 GHz suffices in resolving multipath in most buildings and in excess shows virtually no improvement. While the range error decreases at lower center frequencies, the higher frequencies offer better angular resolution and so smaller angle error. Copyright (C) 2008 Camillo Gentile et al. C1 [Gentile, Camillo; Braga, A. Judson; Kik, Alfred] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM camillo.gentile@nist.gov NR 28 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1687-1499 J9 EURASIP J WIREL COMM JI EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. PY 2008 AR 248509 DI 10.1155/2008/248509 PG 11 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 408ZC UT WOS:000263474300001 ER PT J AU Lee, S Chung, W Hong, K Golmie, N AF Lee, SuKyoung Chung, WonSik Hong, Kunho Golmie, Nada TI Power-efficient communication protocol for integrated WWAN and WLAN SO EURASIP JOURNAL ON WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING LA English DT Article ID HETEROGENEOUS WIRELESS NETWORKS; INTERNET AB One of the most impending requirements to support a seamless communication environment in heterogeneous wireless networks comes from the limited power supply of small-size and low-cost mobile terminals as in stand-alone WLANs or cellular networks. Thus, it is a challenge to design new techniques so that mobile terminals are able to not only maintain their active connection as they move across different types of wireless networks, but also minimize their power consumption. There have been several efforts aimed at having mobile devices equipped with multiple interfaces connect optimally to the access network that minimizes their power consumption. However, a study of existing schemes for WLAN notes that in the idle state, a device with both a WLAN and a WWAN interface needs to keep both interfaces on in order to receive periodic beacon messages from the access point (AP:WLAN) and downlink control information from the base station (WWAN), resulting in significant power consumption. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a power-efficient communication protocol (PCP) that includes turning off the WLAN interface after it enters the idle state and using the paging channel of WWAN in order to wake up the WLAN interface when there is incoming long-lived multimedia data. This scheme is known to limit the power consumption, while at the same time, it makes use of the paging channel in cellular networks. Further, our proposed scheme is designed to avoid repeatedly turning on and off WLAN interfaces, that consumes a significant amount of power. We propose turning on the WLAN interface when the number of packets in the radio network controller (RNC)'s buffer reaches a certain threshold level. The tradeoffs between the power saving and the number of packets dropped at the buffer are investigated analytically through the study of an on/off traffic model. Simulation results for scenarios of interest are also provided. Copyright (C) 2008. C1 [Lee, SuKyoung; Chung, WonSik; Hong, Kunho] Yonsei Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. [Golmie, Nada] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Yonsei Univ, Coll Engn, Dept Comp Sci, Seoul 120749, South Korea. EM sklee@cs.yonsei.ac.kr NR 30 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER INTERNATIONAL PUBLISHING AG PI CHAM PA GEWERBESTRASSE 11, CHAM, CH-6330, SWITZERLAND SN 1687-1499 J9 EURASIP J WIREL COMM JI EURASIP J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. PY 2008 AR 342141 DI 10.1155/2008/342141 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 279FF UT WOS:000254339800001 ER PT J AU Wood, HM Fellous, JL AF Wood, Helen M. Fellous, Jean-Louis BA Gautier, C Fellous, JL BF Gautier, C Fellous, JL TI Observing system for climate SO FACING CLIMATE CHANGE TOGETHER LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Wood, Helen M.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Fellous, Jean-Louis] Comm Space Res COSPAR, Paris, France. RP Wood, HM (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI CAMBRIDGE PA THE PITT BUILDING, TRUMPINGTON ST, CAMBRIDGE CB2 1RP, CAMBS, ENGLAND BN 978-0-521-89682-5 PY 2008 BP 189 EP 203 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BDI03 UT WOS:000313346900014 ER PT J AU Wells, BK Grimes, CB Sneva, JG McPherson, S Waldvogel, JB AF Wells, Brian K. Grimes, Churchill B. Sneva, John G. McPherson, Scott Waldvogel, James B. TI Relationships between oceanic conditions and growth of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from California, Washington, and Alaska, USA SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE chinook salmon; ENSO; environment; northern oscillation index; pacific decadal oscillation ID MARINE SURVIVAL; PACIFIC-SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; HAIDA EDDIES; COHO SALMON; NE PACIFIC; EL-NINO; CLIMATE VARIABILITY; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; ATLANTIC SALMON AB We model age-specific growth rates of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) with two life-history behaviors from Alaska (i. Situk and ii.Taku Rivers), Puget Sound, Washington (iii., iv. Skagit River), and California (v. Smith River) relative to oceanic conditions in those regions. By analyzing over 20 yr of biological and physical data from the NE Pacific downwelling, upwelling, and transition zones, we are able to determine the factors affecting growth across much of the species' range and between life-history behaviors. With scale increment data from returning fish, we use path analysis and partial least squares regression to quantify the relationships between growth and regional- and large-scale oceanic conditions (e.g., sea level height, sea surface temperature, upwelling). Alaskan fish with both ocean- and stream-type behaviors were fit best by the environmental data from the winter in Alaska waters. Specifically, coastal and gyre factors such as sea surface temperature, river flow, and Ekman pumping positively correlated to growth, indicating a productive and strong Alaska Current promoted growth. Growth of fish from California was fit by local factors such as increased upwelling, lower coastal sea surface temperature, and wind stresses during summer and spring, indicating a productive and strong California Current promoted growth. For Puget Sound, Washington, growth of fish that migrate to sea in their first year was generally negatively correlated to a strong California Current. Puget Sound fish that spend a year in freshwater before migrating to sea were modeled well with environmental data from their source region for the first 2 yr at sea and by data from Alaska waters in their third year at sea. Results suggest that conditions in which the transition zone is dominated by neither the Alaska nor California Currents are best for increased growth of Puget Sound fish. C1 [Wells, Brian K.; Grimes, Churchill B.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Sneva, John G.] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [McPherson, Scott] Alaska Dept Fish & Gane, Juneau, AK 99811 USA. [Waldvogel, James B.] Sea Grant Extens Program, Crescent City, CA 95531 USA. RP Wells, BK (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM brian.wells@noaa.gov RI Rohlf, F/A-8710-2008 NR 62 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 24 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 101 EP 125 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00467.x PG 25 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 280GL UT WOS:000254413700005 ER PT J AU Reiss, CS Checkley, DM Bograd, SJ AF Reiss, Christian S. Checkley, David M., Jr. Bograd, Steven J. TI Remotely sensed spawning habitat of Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) and Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) within the California Current SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations; California Current; northern anchovy; Pacific sardine; remotely sensed; Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor; spawning habitat; sea surface temperature ID CURRENT SYSTEM; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PELAGIC FISH; EGG SAMPLER; SOUTHERN; TEMPERATURE; POPULATIONS; ABUNDANCE; BIOLOGY AB We use trivariate kernel density estimation to define spawning habitat of northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) and Pacific sardine (Sardinops sagax) in the California Current using satellite data and in situ egg samples from the Continuous Underway Fish Egg Sampler (CUFES) deployed during surveys in April by the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI). Observed egg distributions were compared with monthly composite satellite sea surface temperature (SST) and surface chlorophyll a (chl a) data. Based on the preferred spawning habitat, as defined in SST and chl a space, the satellite data were used to predict potential spawning habitat along two areas of the west coast of North America. Data from the southern area (21.5 to 39 degrees N) were compared to observations from the CUFES data for the period 1998-2005. Northern anchovy and Pacific sardine exhibited distinctly different spawning habitat distributions. A significant relationship was found between satellite-based spawning area and that measured during surveys for sardine. CUFES area estimated for sardine was similar in magnitude to that estimated from satellite data (similar to 60 000 km(2)). In contrast, spawning habitat of anchovy averaged between 1000 and 200 000 km(2) for the period 1998-2005, for CUFES and satellite estimates, respectively. Interannual variability in the area (km(2)) and duration (months) of estimates of suitable habitat varied between species and between the northern (39 to 50.5 degrees N) and southern portions of the California Current. Long-term monitoring of habitat variability using remote sensing data is possible in the southern portion of the California Current, and could be improved upon in the northern area with the addition of surveys better timed to describe relationships between observed and estimated spawning habitats. C1 [Reiss, Christian S.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Checkley, David M., Jr.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Bograd, Steven J.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. RP Reiss, CS (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM christian.reiss@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2008 VL 17 IS 2 BP 126 EP 136 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00469.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 280GL UT WOS:000254413700006 ER PT J AU Edwards, KP Hare, JA Werner, FE AF Edwards, K. P. Hare, J. A. Werner, F. E. TI Dispersal of black sea bass (Centropristis striata) larvae on the southeast US continental shelf: results of a coupled vertical larval behavior - 3D circulation model SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE black sea bass; Centropristis striata; circulation model; larval behavior; larval dispersal ID CORAL-REEF FISHES; COD GADUS-MORHUA; GEORGES BANK; MARINE POPULATIONS; HERRING LARVAE; TRANSPORT MECHANISMS; POMATOMUS SALTATRIX; BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; PROTECTED AREAS; ATLANTIC BIGHT AB In the marine environment, pelagic dispersal is important for determining the distribution and abundance of populations, as well as providing connections among populations. Estimates of larval dispersal from spawning grounds are important to determining temporal and spatial patterns in recruitment that may have significant influences on the dynamics of the population. We present a case study of the dispersal of Centropristis striata (black sea bass) larvae on the southeast U.S. continental shelf. We use a coupled larval behavior - 3D circulation model to compare the effects of the timing and location of spawning against that of larval vertical migration on larval dispersal. Using the results of field data on larval vertical distributions, we compare the dispersal of virtual 'larvae' which have ontogenetic changes in vertical behavior with that of particles fixed near the surface and near the bottom. Larvae were released at potential spawning sites four times throughout the spawning season (February through May) for 3 yr (2002-04) and tracked for the assumed larval duration (from 27 to 37 days including the egg stage). Results indicate that adult behavior, in the form of spawning time and location, may be more important than larval vertical behavior in determining larval dispersal on the inner- and mid-continental shelves of this region. C1 [Edwards, K. P.; Werner, F. E.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Edwards, K. P.] Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Hare, J. A.] NOAA, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Hare, J. A.] NOAA, NEFSC, NMFS, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Edwards, KP (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. EM kpe@sfsu.edu NR 83 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 4 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 299 EP 315 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00480.x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 326LF UT WOS:000257659800005 ER PT J AU Black, BA Boehlert, GW Yoklavich, MM AF Black, Bryan A. Boehlert, George W. Yoklavich, Mary M. TI Establishing climate-growth relationships for yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) in the northeast Pacific using a dendrochronological approach SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE climate; dendrochronology; North Pacific; otolith; sclerochronology; yelloweye rockfish ID YELLOWTAIL ROCKFISH; SALMON ABUNDANCE; TIME-SERIES; EL-NINO; FISH; ALASKA; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; RECONSTRUCTION; OSCILLATION AB We applied dendrochronology (tree-ring) methods to develop multidecadal growth chronologies from the increment widths of yelloweye rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) otoliths. Chronologies were developed for the central California coast, a site just north of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and at Bowie Seamount west of the Queen Charlotte Islands, British Columbia. At each site, synchronous growth patterns were matched among otoliths via the process of cross-dating, ensuring that the correct calendar year was assigned to all increments. Each time series of growth-increment measurements was divided by the values predicted by a best-fit negative exponential function, thereby removing age-related trends. These detrended time series were averaged into a master chronology for each site, and chronologies were correlated with monthly averages of sea surface temperatures, upwelling, the Northern Oscillation Index, and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. The two northern growth chronologies positively correlated with indices of warm ocean conditions, especially from the prior summer through the spring of the current year. During the same period, the California chronology positively correlated with indices of cool ocean conditions, indicating an opposing productivity regime for yelloweye rockfish between the California Current and the Gulf of Alaska. Overall, this study demonstrates how tree-ring techniques can be applied to quickly develop annually resolved chronologies and establish climate-growth relationships across various temporal and spatial scales. C1 [Black, Bryan A.; Boehlert, George W.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Yoklavich, Mary M.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Black, BA (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM bryan.black@oregonstate.edu RI Black, Bryan/A-7057-2009; Bizzarro, Joseph/A-2988-2012 FU NOAA Fisheries; Environment (FATE) program [NA06NMF4550286] FX We thank Lynne Yamanaka and Don Pearson for providing the otolith samples used in this study. This research was funded by the NOAA Fisheries and the Environment (FATE) program through grant NA06NMF4550286 to the Oregon State University Cooperative Institute for Marine Resources Studies. NR 46 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 22 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 368 EP 379 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00484.x PG 12 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 345VJ UT WOS:000259025200003 ER PT J AU Weitkamp, LA Sturdevant, MV AF Weitkamp, Laurie A. Sturdevant, Molly V. TI Food habits and marine survival of juvenile Chinook and coho salmon from marine waters of Southeast Alaska SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; coho salmon; diets; marine ecology; marine survival; predator; prey; Southeast Alaska ID NORTHERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PACIFIC SALMON; CHUM SALMON; COMMUNITY REORGANIZATION; BIOENERGETICS APPROACH; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; SELECTIVE PREDATION; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; CONTINENTAL-SHELF AB Little is known about the food habits of juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon in marine environments of Alaska, or whether their diets may have contributed to extremely high marine survival rates for coho salmon from Southeast Alaska and much more modest survival rates for Southeast Alaskan Chinook salmon. To address these issues, we documented the spatial and temporal variability of diets of both species collected from marine waters of Southeast Alaska during summers of 1997-2000. Food habits were similar: major prey items of both species included fishes, crab larvae, hyperiid amphipods, insects, and euphausiids. Multivariate analyses of diet composition indicated that the most distinct groups were formed at the smallest spatial and temporal scales (the haul), although groups also formed at larger scales, such as by month or habitat type. Our expectations for how food habits would influence survival were only partially supported. As predicted, Southeast Alaskan coho salmon had more prey in their stomachs overall [1.8% of body weight (BW)] and proportionally far fewer empty stomachs (0.7%) than either Alaskan Chinook (1.4% BW, 5.1% empty) or coho salmon from other regions. However, contrary to our expectations, coho salmon diets contained surprisingly few fish (49% by weight). Apparently, Alaskan coho salmon achieved extremely high marine survival rates despite a diet consisting largely of small, less energetically-efficient crustacean prey. Our results suggest that diet quantity (how much is eaten) rather than diet quality (what is eaten) is important to marine survival. C1 [Weitkamp, Laurie A.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport Res Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Weitkamp, Laurie A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Sturdevant, Molly V.] Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Weitkamp, LA (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport Res Stn, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM laurie.weitkamp@noaa.gov NR 80 TC 21 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 20 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1054-6006 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 380 EP 395 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00485.x PG 16 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 345VJ UT WOS:000259025200004 ER PT J AU Spencer, PD AF Spencer, Paul D. TI Density-independent and density-dependent factors affecting temporal changes in spatial distributions of eastern Bering Sea flatfish SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Alaska plaice; arrowtooth flounder; cold pool; density-dependent habitat selection; eastern Bering Sea; flathead sole; Greenland turbot; rock sole; spatial distributions; temperature; yellowfin sole ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; SOUTHERN GULF; ST-LAWRENCE; GEOGRAPHIC-DISTRIBUTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE; MARINE FISHES; ECOSYSTEM; ABUNDANCE; ATLANTIC; HABITAT AB The general warming of the eastern Bering Sea (EBS) and the wide range of abundance exhibited by several eastern Bering Sea flatfish motivated an examination of how density-dependent and density-independent factors may influence the spatial distributions of EBS flatfish. In this study, EBS trawl survey data from 1982 to 2006 were used to examine how temporal changes in the distributions of six flatfish species groups [yellowfin sole (Limanda aspera), rock sole (Lepidopsetta sp.), flathead sole (Hippoglossoides sp.), Alaska plaice (Pleuronectes quadrituberculatus), arrowtooth flounder (Atheresthes sp.), and Greenland turbot (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides)] are related to temporal changes in the location of the 'cold pool' (bottom water < 2 degrees C), and how the area occupied by flatfish are related to the cold pool and population abundance. Rock sole and flathead sole distributions have generally moved northwest since 1982 and are significantly correlated with the movement of the cold pool, whereas arrowtooth flounder avoid the cold pool and their area occupied is inversely related to the size of the cold pool. The area occupied by arrowtooth flounder and rock sole are also significantly related to stock abundance. Multivariate statistical models indicate that the location of rock sole is more strongly related to stock abundance than to the cold pool, whereas the area occupied by arrowtooth flounder is more strongly related to the area of the cold pool rather than abundance. The temperatures occupied by several flatfish stocks indicate a substantial variability in suitable temperatures. These results suggest that a complex suite of density-dependent and density-independent factors may determine the response of EBS flatfish spatial distributions to increasing temperatures. C1 Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Spencer, PD (reprint author), Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM paul.spencer@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 396 EP 410 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00486.x PG 15 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 345VJ UT WOS:000259025200005 ER PT J AU Bi, HS Ruppel, RE Peterson, WT Casillas, E AF Bi, Hongsheng Ruppel, Rachel E. Peterson, William T. Casillas, Edmundo TI Spatial distribution of ocean habitat of yearling Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon off Washington and Oregon, USA SO FISHERIES OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bernoulli random process; Chinook; chlorophyll a; coho; favorable habitat; habitat classification; juvenile salmon; logistic regression; receiver operating characteristic ID LOGISTIC-REGRESSION; JUVENILE CHINOOK; NORTH PACIFIC; COASTAL ZONE; FISH; CONTINUITY; ECOSYSTEM; MODELS; CLIMATE; FOOD AB We determined the habitat usage and habitat connectivity of juvenile Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) salmon in continental shelf waters off Washington and Oregon, based on samples collected every June for 9 yr (1998-2006). Habitat usage and connectivity were evaluated using SeaWiFS satellite-derived chlorophyll a data and water depth. Logistic regression models were developed for both species, and habitats were first classified using a threshold value estimated from a receiver operating characteristic curve. A Bernoulli random process using catch probabilities from observed data, i.e. the frequency of occurrence of a fish divided by the number of times a station was surveyed, was applied to reclassify stations. Zero-catch probabilities of yearling Chinook and yearling coho salmon decreased with increases in chlorophyll a concentration, and with decreases in water depth. From 1998 to 2006, similar to 47% of stations surveyed were classified as unfavorable habitat for yearling Chinook salmon and similar to 53% for yearling coho salmon. Potentially favorable habitat varied among years and ranged from 9 856 to 15 120 km(2) (Chinook) and from 14 800 to 16 736 km(2) (coho). For both species, the smallest habitat area occurred in 1998, an El Nino year. Favorable habitats for yearling Chinook salmon were more isolated in 1998 and 2005 than in other years. Both species had larger and more continuous favorable habitat areas along the Washington coast than along the Oregon coast. The favorable habitats were also larger and more continuous nearshore than offshore for both species. Further investigations on large-scale transport, mesoscale physical features, and prey and predator availability in the study area are necessary to explain the spatial arrangement of juvenile salmon habitats in continental shelf waters. C1 [Bi, Hongsheng; Ruppel, Rachel E.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Casillas, Edmundo] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Bi, HS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM hongsheng.bi@oregonstate.edu RI Bi, Hongsheng/B-9409-2012 FU U. S. GLOBEC/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Bonneville Power Administration FX This synthesis research was supported by U. S. GLOBEC/National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and data collection was funded by the Bonneville Power Administration. We thank the many people who contributed greatly to the collection and processing of data: Brian Beckman, Paul Bentley, Richard Brodeur, Cindy Bucher, Robert Emmett, Joseph Fisher, Troy Guy, Susan Hinton, Cheryl Morgan, Robert Schabetsberger, Laurie Weitkamp and Jen Zamon. We are especially indebted to our database team: Cheryl Morgan, Cindy Bucher and Susan Hinton. NR 35 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1054-6006 EI 1365-2419 J9 FISH OCEANOGR JI Fish Oceanogr. PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 463 EP 476 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2419.2008.00493.x PG 14 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA 375OP UT WOS:000261123500004 ER PT J AU Palmer, MC AF Palmer, Michael C. TI Calculation of distance traveled by fishing vessels using GPS positional data: A theoretical evaluation of the sources of error SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE GPS; polling frequency; distance traveled; tow distance ID FISHERY; TIME AB Using theoretical cruise paths of known distances, the errors associated with the use of polled GPS data to calculate the distance traveled by fishing vessels were explored. Specific attention was given to how errors vary in response to changes to the polling frequency, cruise path complexity, vessel speed, and GPS error and precision. Simulation results show that distance estimates derived from high-frequency polled GPS data are susceptible to both mapping (GPS precision) and measurement errors (GPS error), while estimates derived from low-frequency data are susceptible to interpolation errors. At high polling frequencies (> 1 fix/40 s), GPS error and limitations of GPS precision can lead to overestimation of distance traveled exceeding 10% of the true distance with the effects inversely proportional to vessel speed. At low-polling frequencies (< 1 fix/200 s) straight-line interpolation of sinuous cruise paths can cause distance underestimations > 35%. The amount of underestimation is inversely related to the polling frequency, and increases with path sinuosity and vessel speed. Comparison of simulated path results to the distance estimates of actual fishing trips suggests that the conclusions are relevant to real-world applications. At speeds, spatial scales and cruise track complexities typical of most fishing operations, use of medium-frequency GPS polling (1 fix/40 s to 1 fix/200 s) will mitigate the factors affecting calculation of distance traveled; however, users should carefully consider their specific application prior to choosing a polling frequency. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Administrat, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Palmer, MC (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Administrat, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM michael.palmer@noaa.gov NR 11 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 89 IS 1 BP 57 EP 64 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.09.001 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 254SC UT WOS:000252607300007 ER PT J AU Rooper, CN AF Rooper, Christopher N. TI An ecological analysis of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) assemblages in the North Pacific Ocean along broad-scale environmental gradients SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID HABITAT ASSOCIATIONS; ALEUTIAN ISLANDS; UPPER SLOPE; SHELF; FISH; CALIFORNIA; EASTERN; OREGON; VARIABILITY; FISHERIES AB Environmental variability affects the distributions of most marine fish species. In this analysis, assemblages of rockfish (Sebastes spp.) species were defined on the basis of similarities in their distributions along environmental gradients. Data from 14 bottom trawl surveys of the Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands (n=6767) were used. Five distinct assemblages of rockfish were defined by geographical position, depth, and temperature. The 180-m and 275-m depth contours were major divisions between assemblages inhabiting the shelf, shelf break, and lower continental slope. Another noticeable division was between species centered in southeastern Alaska and those found in the northern Gulf of Alaska and Aleutian Islands. The use of environmental variables to define the species composition of assemblages is different from the use of traditional methods based on clustering and nonparametric statistics and as such, environmentally based analyses should result in predictable assemblages of species that are useful for ecosystem-based management. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Rooper, CN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Chirs.Rooper@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 106 IS 1 BP 1 EP 11 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 262XM UT WOS:000253181800001 ER PT J AU Brooks, EN Shertzer, KW Gedamke, T Vaughan, DS AF Brooks, Elizabeth N. Shertzer, Kyle W. Gedamke, Todd Vaughan, Douglas S. TI Stock assessment of protogynous fish: evaluating measures of spawning biomass used to estimate biological reference points SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; BASS CENTROPRISTIS-STRIATA; PAGRUS-PAGRUS; RED PORGY; POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS; MYCTEROPERCA-MICROLEPIS; LIFE-HISTORY; SEX-CHANGE; HERMAPHRODITE; RECRUIT AB In stock assessments, recruitment is typically modeled as a function of females only. For protogynous stocks, however, disproportionate fishing on males increases the possibility of reduced fertilization rates. To incorporate the importance of males in protogynous stocks, assessment models have been used to predict recruitment not just from female spawning biomass (S-f), but also from that of males (S-m) or both sexes (S-b). We conducted a simulation study to evaluate the ability of these three measures to estimate biological reference points used in fishery management. Of the three, S-f provides best estimates if the potential for decreased fertilization is weak, whereas Sm is best only if the potential is very strong. In general, S-b estimates the true reference points most closely, which indicates that if the potential for decreased fertilization is moderate or unknown, S-b should be used in assessments of protogynous stocks. Moreover, for a broad range of scenarios, relative errors from S-f and S-b occur in opposite directions, indicating that estimates from these measures could be used to bound uncertainty. C1 [Brooks, Elizabeth N.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Shertzer, Kyle W.; Vaughan, Douglas S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Gedamke, Todd] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23063 USA. RP Brooks, EN (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM Liz.Brooks@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 106 IS 1 BP 12 EP 23 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 262XM UT WOS:000253181800002 ER PT J AU Stevenson, DE Orr, JW Hoff, GR McEachran, JD AF Stevenson, Duane E. Orr, James W. Hoff, Gerald R. McEachran, John D. TI Emerging patterns of species richness, diversity, population density, and distribution in the skates (Rajidae) of Alaska SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NORTH PACIFIC; BATHYRAJA; FISH; ATLANTIC; IDENTIFICATION; EXTINCTION; SLOPE; FAUNA; SEA AB Six years of bottom-trawl survey data, including over 6000 trawls covering over 200 km(2) of bottom area throughout Alaska's subarctic marine waters, were analyzed for patterns in species richness, diversity, density, and distribution of skates. The Bering Sea continental shelf and slope, Aleutian Islands, and Gulf of Alaska regions were stratified by geographic subregion and depth. Species richness and relative density of skates increased with depth to the shelf break in all regions. The Bering Sea shelf was dominated by the Alaska skate (Bathyraja parmifera), but species richness and diversity were low. On the Bering Sea slope, richness and diversity were higher in the shallow stratum, and relative density appeared higher in subregions dominated by canyons. In the Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, species richness and relative density were generally highest in the deepest depth strata. The data and distribution maps presented here are based on species-level data collected throughout the marine waters of Alaska, and this article represents the most comprehensive summary of the skate fauna of the region published to date. C1 [Stevenson, Duane E.; Orr, James W.; Hoff, Gerald R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resources Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [McEachran, John D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Wildlife & Fisheries Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Stevenson, DE (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resources Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM duane.stevenson@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 106 IS 1 BP 24 EP 39 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 262XM UT WOS:000253181800003 ER PT J AU Byrd, BL Hohn, AA Munden, FH Lovewell, GN Lo Piccolo, RE AF Byrd, Barbie L. Hohn, Aleta A. Munden, Fentress H. Lovewell, Gretchen N. Lo Piccolo, Rachel E. TI Effects of commercial fishing regulations on stranding rates of bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID SEA-TURTLES; MORTALITY AB Fisheries management actions taken to protect one species can have unintended, and sometimes positive, consequences on other species. For example, regulatory measures to reduce fishing effort in the winter gillnet fishery for spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias) off North Carolina (NC) also led to decreases in the number of bycaught bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). This study found that a marked decrease in fishing effort for spiny dogfish in NC also corresponded with a marked decrease in winter stranding rates of bottlenose dolphins with entanglement lesions (P=0.002). Furthermore, from 1997 through 2002, there was a significant positive correlation (r(2)=0.79; P=0.0003) between seasonal bycatch estimates of bottlenose dolphins in gill nets and rates of stranded dolphins with entanglement lesions. With this information, stranding thresholds were developed that would enable the detection of those increases in bycatch in near real-time. This approach is valuable because updated bycatch estimates from observer data usually have a time-lag of two or more years. Threshold values could be used to detect increases in stranding rates, triggering managers immediately to direct observer effort to areas of potentially high bycatch or to institute mitigation measures. Thus, observer coverage and stranding investigations can be used in concert for more effective fishery management. C1 [Byrd, Barbie L.; Hohn, Aleta A.; Lovewell, Gretchen N.; Lo Piccolo, Rachel E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Munden, Fentress H.] N Carolina Div Marine Fisheries, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Byrd, BL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Barbie.Byrd@noaa.gov RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 30 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 106 IS 1 BP 72 EP 81 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 262XM UT WOS:000253181800007 ER PT J AU Schwenke, KL Buckel, JA AF Schwenke, Kara L. Buckel, Jeffrey A. TI Age, growth, and reproduction of dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus) caught off the coast of North Carolina SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID FISHERIES; OTOLITHS; WATERS AB Age, growth, and reproductive data were obtained from dolphinfish (Coryphaena hippurus, size range: 89 to 1451 mm fork length [FL]) collected between May 2002 and May 2004 off North Carolina. Annual increments from scales (n=541) and daily increments from sagittal otoliths (n=107) were examined; estimated von Bertalanffy parameters were L-infinity (asymptotic length)=1299 mm FL and k (growth coefficient) =1.08/yr. Daily growth increments reduced much of the residual error in length-at-age estimates for age-0 dolphinfish; the estimated average growth rate was 3.78 mm/day during the first six months. Size at 50% maturity was slightly smaller for female (460 mm FL) than male (475 mm FL) dolphinfish. Based on monthly length-adjusted gonad weights, peak spawning occurs from April through July off North Carolina; back-calculated hatching dates from age-0 dolphinfish and prior reproductive studies on the east coast of Florida indicate that dolphinfish spawning occurs year round off the U.S. east coast and highest levels range from January through June. No major changes in length-at-age or size-at-maturity have occurred since the early 1960s, even after substantial increases in fishery landings. C1 [Schwenke, Kara L.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Zool, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Schwenke, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 1305 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Kara.Schwenke@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 29 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 11 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 106 IS 1 BP 82 EP 92 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 262XM UT WOS:000253181800008 ER PT J AU Parson, W Fendt, L Ballard, D Borsting, C Brinkmann, B Carracedo, A Carvalho, M Coble, MD Real, FC Desmyter, S Dupuy, BM Harrison, C Hohoff, C Just, R Kramer, T Morling, N Salas, A Schmitter, H Schneider, PM Sonntag, ML Vallone, PM Brandstatter, A AF Parson, Walther Fendt, Liane Ballard, David Borsting, Claus Brinkmann, Bernd Carracedo, Angel Carvalho, Monica Coble, Michael D. Real, Francisco Corte Desmyter, Stijn Dupuy, Berit M. Harrison, Cheryl Hohoff, Carsten Just, Rebecca Kraemer, Tanja Morling, Niels Salas, Antonio Schmitter, Hermann Schneider, Peter M. Sonntag, Marie-Luise Vallone, Peter M. Brandstaetter, Anita TI Identification of West Eurasian mitochondrial haplogroups by mtDNA SNP screening: Results of the 2006-2007 EDNAP collaborative exercise SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Mitochondrial DNA; Coding region SNPs; Multiplex; SNaPshot; Forensic identification ID CODING REGION SNPS; SINGLE-NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; GENOME AB The European DNA Profiling (EDNAP) Group performed a collaborative exercise on a mitochondrial (mt) DNA screening assay that targeted 16 nucleotide positions in the coding region and allowed for the discrimination of major west Eurasian mtDNA haplogroups. The purpose of the exercise was to evaluate the stability and reproducibility of the self-developed multiplex-PCR and multiplex-single base extension kit by blind-testing saliva and hair shaft samples provided by the organizing laboratory. The overall success rate in obtaining useful results was high given that some of the participating laboratories had no previous experience with the technology and/or mtDNA analysis. The results of this collaborative exercise stimulate the expansion of screening methods in forensic laboratories to increase efficiency and performance of mtDNA typing, and thus demonstrates that mtDNA SNP typing is a powerful tool for forensic casework analysis. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Parson, Walther; Fendt, Liane; Brandstaetter, Anita] Innsbruck Med Univ, Inst Legal Med, Innsbruck, Austria. [Ballard, David; Harrison, Cheryl] ICMS, London E1 2AT, England. [Borsting, Claus; Morling, Niels] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Forens Med, Sect Forens Genet, Copenhagen, Denmark. [Brinkmann, Bernd; Hohoff, Carsten] Univ Klinikum Munster, Inst Rechts Med, Munster, Germany. [Carracedo, Angel; Salas, Antonio] Univ Santiago Compostela, Fac Med, Inst Legal Med, Santiago De Compostela, Spain. [Carvalho, Monica; Real, Francisco Corte] Natl Inst Legal Med, Coimbra Dept, Forens Genet Serv, Coimbra, Portugal. [Coble, Michael D.; Just, Rebecca] Armed Forces DNA Identificat Lab, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Desmyter, Stijn] Inst Criminalist, Brussels, Belgium. [Dupuy, Berit M.] Inst Legal Med, Oslo, Norway. [Kraemer, Tanja; Schneider, Peter M.] Univ Cologne, Inst Legale Med, Cologne, Germany. [Schmitter, Hermann; Sonntag, Marie-Luise] Kriminaltech Inst, Wiesbaden, Germany. [Vallone, Peter M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Parson, W (reprint author), Innsbruck Med Univ, Inst Legal Med, Innsbruck, Austria. EM walther.parson@i-med.ac.at RI Coble, Michael/E-7540-2010; Schneider, Peter/A-6661-2011; Ballard, David/B-8392-2014; Salas, Antonio/E-3977-2012; OI Salas, Antonio/0000-0002-2336-702X; Corte Real Goncalves, Francisco/0000-0003-1495-9362; Borsting, Claus/0000-0003-0421-7429; Carvalho, Monica/0000-0002-9195-5640 NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 2 IS 1 BP 61 EP 68 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2007.08.007 PG 8 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 411RP UT WOS:000263668000009 PM 19083791 ER PT S AU Huang, PH AF Huang, Peter H. BE Williams, M Krist, K Garland, N Satyapal, S TI Humidity Standard of Compressed Hydrogen for Fuel Cell Technology SO FUEL CELL SEMINAR 2007 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Fuel Cell Seminar 2007 CY 2007 CL San Antonio, TX AB Compressed hydrogen is one of the most important utilities in fuel cell industry. For the specification of hydrogen fuel quality and for the design of humidification equipment, knowledge of the equilibrium water content of hydrogen as a function of temperature and pressure is desirable. A simple presentation in chart form is usually adequate for most fuel cell applications and such a chart has been prepared based on the information on the water vapor content of a hydrogen-water mixture. Absolute humidity of kilograms of water vapor per kilogram of dry hydrogen is plotted as a function of pressure up to 1000 atmospheric pressures for various dew/frost-point temperatures in the range of -70 degrees C to 90 degrees C. The chart can be used directly to determine the water vapor concentration of compressed hydrogen by measuring its dew/frost-point when pressure is reduced to a lower pressure, usually one atmospheric pressure. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, PH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-56677-639-4 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 479 EP 484 DI 10.1149/1.2921574 PG 6 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BME48 UT WOS:000272017100048 ER PT S AU Morris, DJ AF Morris, Dylan J. BE LeBourhis, E Morris, DJ Oyen, ML Schwaier, R Staedler, T TI Instrumented indentation contact with sharp probes of varying acuity SO FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOINDENTATION AND NANOTRIBOLOGY IV SE MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY SYMPOSIUM PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology IV held at the 2007 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, CNRS St Gobain, FEI Electron Opt BV, Hysitron Inc, MTS Nano Instruments, Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID RADIAL FRACTURE; STRESS-FIELDS; CUBE-CORNER; CERAMICS; CRACKING; GLASSES AB While elastic and plastic material property extraction from instrumented indentation tests has been well-studied, similarly-based fracture property measurement remains difficult. Furthermore, estimation of the fracture toughness requires measurement of the crack lengths from a micrograph, which makes nano-scale indentation toughness measurement expensive and difficult. Initiation and propagation of cracks on the nano-scale requires a more acute indenter than a Berkovich or sphere, such as the cube-corner pyramid. Experiments described here were performed on a range of elastic, plastic and brittle materials with diamond indenters of acuity varying between the Berkovich and the cube-comer. These experiments reveal some of what is changed and what remains the same, when the acuity of the probe is changed, when fracture is initiated at the contact, or both. A preliminary model for the physical origin of the extra crack-driving power of acute probes is presented in light of these, and complementary macro-scale in-situ indentation experiments. This work provides the basis for development of instrumented indentation-based nano-scale toughness measurement. C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Morris, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-989-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1049 BP 111 EP 116 PG 6 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BHU21 UT WOS:000256390600017 ER PT S AU Forster, AM Michaels, CA Lucas, J Sung, L AF Forster, Aaron M. Michaels, Chris A. Lucas, Justin Sung, Lipiin BE LeBourhis, E Morris, DJ Oyen, ML Schwaier, R Staedler, T TI Interfacial characterization of multiple layer coatings on thermoplastic olefins (TPO) SO FUNDAMENTALS OF NANOINDENTATION AND NANOTRIBOLOGY IV SE Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Fundamentals of Nanoindentation and Nanotribology IV held at the 2007 MRS Fall Meeting CY NOV 26-29, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Mat Res Soc, CNRS St Gobain, FEI Electron Opt BV, Hysitron Inc, MTS Nano Instruments, Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID SURFACE; POLYOLEFINS; INDENTATION AB Thermoplastic olefins (TPO) have made significant inroads as polymeric materials for interior and exterior automotive parts. Spray applied chlorinated polyolefins (CPO) are often used to improve paint adhesion to the low surface energy TPO substrates. The penetration of the CPO into the substrate is difficult to quantify, but is critical to achieving a good paint/TPO bond. The interphase between each layer in a coated TPO coupon was investigated using a combination of instrumented indentation and confocal Raman microscopy. The degree of CPO interpenetration was altered by using three different CPOs exposed to two different manufacturing methods for the same TPO and base/clear coat system. It was found that the interfaces, CPO/base coat or CPO/TPO, were chemically and mechanically sharp at the I pun lateral resolution of both techniques. A gradient in the modulus through the thickness of the clear coat was observed using instrumented indentation. C1 [Forster, Aaron M.; Lucas, Justin; Sung, Lipiin] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Forster, AM (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOCIETY PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DRIVE, WARRENDALE, PA 15088-7563 USA SN 0272-9172 BN 978-1-55899-989-3 J9 MATER RES SOC SYMP P PY 2008 VL 1049 BP 149 EP 155 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA BHU21 UT WOS:000256390600023 ER PT J AU Raman, B Ito, I Stopfer, M AF Raman, Baranidharan Ito, Iori Stopfer, Mark TI Bilateral olfaction: two is better than one for navigation SO GENOME BIOLOGY LA English DT Review AB Do animals require bilateral input to track odors? A recent study reveals that fruit fly larvae can localize odor sources using unilateral inputs from a single functional sensory neuron, but that an enhanced signal-to-noise ratio provided by dual inputs is helpful in more challenging environments. C1 [Raman, Baranidharan; Ito, Iori; Stopfer, Mark] NICHHD, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Raman, Baranidharan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stopfer, M (reprint author), NICHHD, NIH, Lincoln Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM stopferm@mail.nih.gov RI NAMEKAWA, IORI/A-3172-2009 NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 5 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1474-760X J9 GENOME BIOL JI Genome Biol. PY 2008 VL 9 IS 3 AR 212 DI 10.1186/gb-2008-9-3-212 PG 4 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Genetics & Heredity GA 283TN UT WOS:000254659500003 PM 18394176 ER PT S AU Genin, D Marbukh, V AF Genin, Daniel Marbukh, Vladimir GP IEEE TI Toward Understanding of Metastability in Cellular Networks: Emergence and Implications for Performance. SO GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 08) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE cellular network; performance; mean-field approximation; metastability AB We investigate the metastable behavior in a model of a cellular network with multiple service classes. While the Markov model provides an accurate "microscopic" model of the network behavior, the dimension of this model grows exponentially with the number of cells precluding solution of the corresponding Kolmogorov equations. Dimension of the mean-field approximation model grows only linearly with the number of cells making this approximation computationally tractable. Through numerical analysis we show that the equilibrium manifold of the mean-field model develops "folds" under increasing network load which give rise to multiple stable equilibria. These multiple equilibria can be interpreted as describing network's metastable states. By comparing simulation data with numerical computations we show that mean-field approximation can be used to predict equilibrium states of a realistic network. We construct a sample phase diagram showing distribution of metastable regions in the user load plane, derive a formula for the likelihood of successful service completion for metastable states and discuss performance characteristics of the network. C1 [Genin, Daniel; Marbukh, Vladimir] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Genin, D (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dgenin@nist.gov; marbukh@nist.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-2324-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2008 DI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.255 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS44 UT WOS:000287978001076 ER PT S AU Lu, KJ Zhang, T Qian, Y Fu, SL AF Lu, Kejie Zhang, Tao Qian, Yi Fu, Shengli GP IEEE TI A Novel Topology Control Scheme for Future Wireless Mesh Networks SO GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 08) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE Wireless mesh networks; topology control; network coding ID WIMAX NETWORKS; AD HOC AB In this paper, we address the topology control issue for future wireless mesh networks (WMNs). In particular, we propose a novel topology control scheme that attempts to maximize the overall throughput in the network with random unicast traffic demands. The main idea of the scheme is to establish multiple semi-permanent wireless highways, each of which can convey the traffic for nodes along the highways. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, we conduct theoretical analysis, which demonstrates that viable solutions for highways do exist with high probability. The theoretical analysis also proves the optimality. Within the new topology control framework, we demonstrate that advanced technologies, including network coding and physical-layer network coding (PLNC), can be applied to substantially improve the throughput capacity of the network. C1 [Lu, Kejie] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Zhang, Tao] New York Inst Technol, Sch Engn & Comp Sci, Old Westbury, NY 11568 USA. [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fu, Shengli] Univ North Texas, Dept Elect Engn, Denton, TX 76207 USA. RP Lu, KJ (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [0424546] FX This work was supported in part by the US National Science Foundation (NSF) under Award Number 0424546. NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-2324-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2008 DI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.1049 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS44 UT WOS:000287978005113 ER PT S AU Qian, Y Lu, KJ Moayeri, N AF Qian, Yi Lu, Kejie Moayeri, Nader GP IEEE TI A SECURE VANET MAC PROTOCOL FOR DSRC APPLICATIONS SO GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 08) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE DE VANET; security; safety; MAC; DSRC AB Vehicular ad hoc networking is an important component of Intelligent Transportation Systems. The main benefit of vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) communication is seen in active safety systems that increase passenger safety by exchanging warning messages between vehicles. Other applications and private services are also permitted in order to lower the cost and to encourage VANET deployment and adoption. Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) is a key enabling technology for VANET applications and services. There are many challenges that must be addressed before VANETs can be successfully deployed. Among these challenges is designing of security mechanisms to secure VANETs against abuse, and designing of efficient medium access control (MAC) protocols so that safety related and other application messages can be timely and reliably disseminated through VANETs. In this paper we propose a secure MAC protocol for VANETs, with different message priorities for different types of applications to access DSRC channels. Our simulations and analysis show that the proposed MAC protocol can provide secure communications while guarantee the reliability and latency requirements of safety related DSRC applications for VANETs. C1 [Qian, Yi; Moayeri, Nader] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lu, Kejie] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Qian, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-2324-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2008 DI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.376 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS44 UT WOS:000287978002008 ER PT S AU Souryal, MR AF Souryal, Michael R. GP IEEE TI Non-Coherent Amplify-and-Forward Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test Receiver SO GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 08) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE AB This paper proposes a simple non-coherent amplify-and- forward receiver for the relay channel and evaluates its diversity performance for Rayleigh fading channels. We use the generalized likelihood ratio test to obtain the decision rule in closed form, independent of the fading distribution. The receiver is developed for M-ary orthogonal signals and multiple relays. The only side information required is the average noise energy at the receiver; no statistical knowledge of the channel gains is needed. We develop closed-form upper and lower bounds on the probability of error of this receiver for the case of binary signaling with a single relay and show that this receiver achieves near-full diversity, with the probability of error decreasing with increasing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as log(2) (SNR) /SNR(2) for large SNR. Additional results obtained by simulation demonstrate increasing diversity gain with additional relays. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Souryal, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-2324-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2008 DI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.864 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS44 UT WOS:000287978004116 ER PT S AU Souryal, MR You, HQ AF Souryal, Michael R. You, Huiqing GP IEEE TI Diversity Performance of a Practical Non-Coherent Detect-and-Forward Receiver SO GLOBECOM 2008 - 2008 IEEE GLOBAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS CONFERENCE SE IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (Globecom) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM 08) CY NOV 30-DEC 04, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE AB We propose a non-coherent receiver for the fixed detect-and-forward relay channel and derive a closed-form tight upper bound on its bit error probability in Rayleigh fading channels. Using this upper bound, we show that the receiver achieves nearly full, second-order diversity, and the gap from full diversity is quantified. While the general receiver depends on the source-relay channel statistics, we show that similar diversity performance can be achieved when only first-order statistics of the source-destination channel are known. The receiver is derived using the generalized likelihood ratio test to eliminate dependence on the channel gains, applies to M-ary orthogonal signal sets, and is independent of the fading distribution. The results demonstrate that low-complexity transceivers, such as those used in some sensor networks, can benefit from cooperative diversity. C1 [Souryal, Michael R.; You, Huiqing] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Souryal, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Adv Network Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 1930-529X BN 978-1-4244-2324-8 J9 GLOB TELECOMM CONF PY 2008 DI 10.1109/GLOCOM.2008.ECP.863 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BTS44 UT WOS:000287978004115 ER PT J AU Ray, J Altamimi, Z Collilieux, X van Dam, T AF Ray, J. Altamimi, Z. Collilieux, X. van Dam, T. TI Anomalous harmonics in the spectra of GPS position estimates SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Article DE GPS; positions; reference frames; VLBI; SLR; geophysical surface loads ID TIME-SERIES; ENERGY BALANCES; SITE POSITION; LAND WATER; DEFORMATION; DISPLACEMENTS; VARIABILITY; SURFACE; EARTH AB Prior studies of the power spectra of GPS position time series have found pervasive seasonal signals against a power-law background of flicker noise plus white noise. Dong et al. (2002) estimated that less than half the observed GPS seasonal power can be explained by redistributions of geophysical fluid mass loads. Much of the residual variation is probably caused by unidentified GPS technique errors and analysis artifacts. Among possible mechanisms, Penna and Stewart (2003) have shown how unmodeled analysis errors at tidal frequencies (near 12- and 24-hour periods) can be aliased to longer periods very efficiently. Signals near fortnightly, semiannual, and annual periods are expected to be most seriously affected. We have examined spectra for the 167 sites of the International GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) Service (IGS) network having more than 200 weekly measurements during 1996.0-2006.0. The non-linear residuals of the weekly IGS solutions that were included in ITRF2005, the latest version of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF), have been used. To improve the detection of common-mode signals, the normalized spectra of all sites have been stacked, then boxcar smoothed for each local north (N), east (E), and height (H) component. The stacked, smoothed spectra are very similar for all three components. Peaks are evident at harmonics of about 1 cycle per year (cpy) up to at least 6 cpy, but the peaks are not all at strictly 1.0 cpy intervals. Based on the 6th harmonic of the N spectrum, which is among the sharpest and largest, and assuming a linear overtone model, then a common fundamental of 1.040 +/- 0.008 cpy can explain all peaks well, together with the expected annual and semiannual signals. A flicker noise power-law continuum describes the background spectrum down to periods of a few months, after which the residuals become whiter. Similar sub-seasonal tones are not apparent in the residuals of available satellite laser ranging (SLR) and very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) sites, which are both an order of magnitude less numerous and dominated by white noise. There is weak evidence for a few isolated peaks near 1 cpy harmonics in the spectra of geophysical loadings, but these are much noisier than for GPS positions. Alternative explanations related to the GPS technique are suggested by the close coincidence of the period of the 1.040 cpy frequency, about 351.2 days, to the '' GPS year ''; i.e., the interval required for the constellation to repeat its inertial orientation with respect to the sun. This could indicate that the harmonics are a type of systematic error related to the satellite orbits. Mechanisms could involve orbit modeling defects or aliasing of site-dependent positioning biases modulated by the varying satellite geometry. C1 [Ray, J.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Altamimi, Z.; Collilieux, X.] Ecole Natl Sci Geog, Inst Geog Natl, F-77455 Champs Sur Marne, France. [van Dam, T.] Univ Luxembourg, Fac Sci Technol & Commun, Luxembourg, Luxembourg. RP Ray, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, N NGS6,1315 E W Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jimr@ngs.noaa.gov RI Altamimi, Zuheir/A-4168-2009 NR 28 TC 127 Z9 130 U1 4 U2 29 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 EI 1521-1886 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 55 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s10291-007-0067-7 PG 10 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 242MP UT WOS:000251729600006 ER PT J AU Soler, T AF Soler, Tomas TI GPS/GNSS current bibliography SO GPS SOLUTIONS LA English DT Bibliography C1 [Soler, Tomas] NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Soler, T (reprint author), NOAA, NOS, Natl Geodet Survey, N-NGS22,1315 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Tom.Soler@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1080-5370 J9 GPS SOLUT JI GPS Solut. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 12 IS 1 BP 71 EP 76 DI 10.1007/s10291-007-0078-4 PG 6 WC Remote Sensing SC Remote Sensing GA 242MP UT WOS:000251729600008 ER PT J AU Edwin, NN Edwards, JK Carley, AF Lopez-Sanchez, JA Moulijn, JA Herzing, AA Kiely, CJ Hutchings, GJ AF Edwin, Ntainjua N. Edwards, Jennifer K. Carley, Albert F. Lopez-Sanchez, Jose Antonio Moulijn, Jacob A. Herzing, Andrew A. Kiely, Christopher J. Hutchings, Graham J. TI The role of the support in achieving high selectivity in the direct formation of hydrogen peroxide SO GREEN CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID AU-PD CATALYSTS; COLLOIDAL PALLADIUM; H-2; O-2; H2O2; GOLD; DECOMPOSITION AB Pd-only, Au-only and bimetallic AuPd catalysts supported on a range of supports (Al2O3, TiO2, MgO, and C) have been prepared by impregnation and tested for the hydrogenation and decomposition of hydrogen peroxide under conditions similar to those used in direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Hydrogenation and decomposition are the main pathways for loss of selectivity and yield in the direct synthesis reaction, and the support is found to be a crucial parameter with respect to hydrogenation and decomposition activity. We show that by making the right choice of support for both the monometallic and bimetallic Au and Pd catalysts, it is possible to achieve very low hydrogen peroxide hydrogenation and decomposition activity, thus enhancing hydrogen peroxide productivity during synthesis. Carbon is found to be the optimal support for both monometallic Au and Pd catalysts as well as Au -Pd alloys, since carbon-supported catalysts gave the lowest hydrogenation and decomposition activities. Au-only catalysts were generally less active than Pd-only catalysts when utilizing the same support and metal loading. The addition of Au to Pd catalysts supported on TiO2 and carbon resulted in a decrease in both H2O2 hydrogenation and decomposition while the reverse effect was observed for the Al2O3 and MgO-supported catalysts. These effects are discussed in terms of the basicity of the support, and in particular the isoelectronic point of the support, which is a major factor in controlling the stability of hydrogen peroxide under reaction conditions. C1 [Edwin, Ntainjua N.; Edwards, Jennifer K.; Carley, Albert F.; Lopez-Sanchez, Jose Antonio; Moulijn, Jacob A.; Hutchings, Graham J.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Chem, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. [Herzing, Andrew A.; Kiely, Christopher J.] Lehigh Univ, Ctr Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Bethlehem, PA 18015 USA. [Herzing, Andrew A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Edwin, NN (reprint author), Cardiff Univ, Sch Chem, Main Bldg,Pk Pl, Cardiff CF10 3AT, S Glam, Wales. EM hutch@cardiff.ac.uk RI Group, CE/C-3853-2009; Carley, Albert/A-7372-2010; Moulijn, Jacob/F-2949-2011; Herzing, Andrew/D-6239-2012; Edwards, Jennifer/F-4518-2011; lopez-sanchez, jose/E-4689-2011 OI lopez-sanchez, jose/0000-0003-3064-0140 FU EU AURICAT project [HPRN-CT-2002-00174]; EPSRC; World Gold Council; Cardiff University; NSF Nanomanufacturing program [CMMI-0457602] FX This work formed part of the EU AURICAT project (Contract HPRN-CT-2002-00174) and an EPSRC funded project and we thank them for funding this research. We also thank the World Gold Council (through the GROW scheme), and Cardiff University (AAReed studentship) for providing support for JKE. CJK and RT would also like to acknowledge the financial support of the NSF Nanomanufacturing program under contract # CMMI-0457602). NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 6 U2 48 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9262 J9 GREEN CHEM JI Green Chem. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 11 BP 1162 EP 1169 DI 10.1039/b809881f PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; GREEN & SUSTAINABLE SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 365LS UT WOS:000260408700006 ER PT S AU Clausen, DM AF Clausen, David M. BE Orloov, AM Iwamoto, T TI The giant grenadier in Alaska SO GRENADIERS OF THE WORLD OCEANS: BIOLOGY, STOCK ASSESSMENT, AND FISHERIES SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Grenadiers of the World Oceans - Biology, Stock Assessment, and Fisheries held at the 136th Annual Meeting of the American-Fisheries-Society CY SEP 11, 2006 CL Lake Placid, NY SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID CORYPHAENOIDES GADIFORMES; NORTH PACIFIC; MACROURIDAE; SEA; SLOPE; INTERRELATIONSHIPS; SUBGENERA; FISHES; DNA AB This report summarizes biological, fishery, and survey information on giant grenadier, Albatrossia pectoralis, in Alaskan waters. Catch estimates of giant,grenadier in Alaska for the years 1997-2005 have averaged over 16,000 metric tons (mt), and most of this catch has been taken as bycatch in longline fisheries for sable-fish, Anoploponma fimbria, and Greenland halibut, Reinhardtius hippoglossoides. The giant grenadier catch is all discarded, and none of the fish survive due to the pressure change when they are brought to the surface. Most of the catch is from the Gulf of Alaska. Data from bottom trawl and longline surveys in Alaska indicate that giant grenadier are extremely abundant in depths 300-1,000 m, and it appears this species is very important ecologically in this environment. Greatest abundance is in the western Gulf of Alaska, eastern Aleutian Islands, and in some areas of the eastern Bering Sea, abundance declines in the eastern Gulf of Alaska. Relative abundance of giant grenadier is much higher off Alaska than off the U.S. West Coast. Fish in the eastern Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands were consistently larger than those in the Gulf of Alaska. Mean size of females was larger in shallower water, and decreased with depth. Females and males appear to have different depth distributions, with females greatly predominating in depths less than 800 m. Although sex composition of giant grenadier caught in the fishery is unknown, nearly all the fishing effort is believed to be in waters less than 800 m, which indicates females are disproportionately harvested. Because of the great abundance of giant grenadier in Alaska and the relatively modest catch, overfishing of giant grenadier does not appear to be a problem at present. However, because information on the population dynamics of giant grenadier is very sparse, and because of the 100% discard mortality, the disproportionate harvest of females, and the general susceptibility of deep-sea fish to overharvest, fishery managers should monitor this species closely if catches increase in the future. C1 US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Clausen, DM (reprint author), US Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM dave.clausen@noaa.gov NR 52 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-00-4 J9 AM FISH S S JI Am. Fish. Soc. Symp. PY 2008 VL 63 BP 413 EP 450 PG 38 WC Fisheries; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Oceanography GA BID29 UT WOS:000258525400024 ER PT J AU Bargu, S Powell, CL Wang, ZH Doucette, GJ Silver, MW AF Bargu, Sibel Powell, Christine L. Wang, Zhihong Doucette, Gregory J. Silver, Mary W. TI Note on the occurrence of Pseudo-nitzschia australis and domoic acid in squid from Monterey Bay, CA (USA) SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE domoic acid; Pseudo-nitzschia; squid; Loligo opalescens; food web ID LOLIGO-OPALESCENS; SEA LIONS; CALIFORNIA; MORTALITY; KRILL; COAST AB Over the past decade diatom blooms of domoic acid (DA)-producing Pseudo-nitzschia spp. have been responsible for numerous marine mammal and bird mortalities in Monterey Bay, CA. One possible toxin vector is the market squid, Loligo opalescens, a small pelagic mollusk that plays an important role in the near-shore food web of the California Current ecosystem as a favored vertebrate prey species. This study examined the trophic link between toxic Pseudo-nitzschia and L. opalescens using toxin and stomach content analyses of animals collected from Monterey Bay, CA in 2000. Receptor binding assay data (confirmed by tandem mass spectrometry), demonstrated the presence of DA in squid during a toxic Pseudo-nitzschia event, with P. australis frustules observed in stomach samples. Though DA levels were low (< 0.5 mu g DA g(-1) tissue) in L. opalescens during the study period, it is now clear that this potent neurotoxin can occur in squid and is likely delivered through its krill prey species, which are known to retain DA after feeding on toxic Pseudo-nitzschia. Our findings suggest that further study of the relationship between Pseudo-nitzschia blooms and DA contamination of squid is warranted to better evaluate the potential health risk to humans and wildlife associated with this major commercial seafood species and important prey item. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Bargu, Sibel] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Powell, Christine L.; Wang, Zhihong; Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Silver, Mary W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Bargu, S (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Sch Coast & Environm, 1235 Energy Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM sbargu@lsu.edu RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 NR 28 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 45 EP 51 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2007.05.008 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 242EZ UT WOS:000251708600005 ER PT J AU Arthur, K Limpus, C Balazs, G Capper, A Udy, J Shaw, G Keuper-Bennett, U Bennett, P AF Arthur, Karen Limpus, Colin Balazs, George Capper, Angela Udy, James Shaw, Glen Keuper-Bennett, Ursula Bennett, Peter TI The exposure of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) to tumour promoting compounds produced by the cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula and their potential role in the aetiology of fibropapillomatosis SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE green turtle; Lyngbya majuscula; fibropapillomatosis; lyngbyatoxin A; debromoaplysiatoxin ID OKADAIC ACID; SEA-TURTLES; MARINE CYANOBACTERIA; SEAWEED DERMATITIS; HAWAIIAN-ISLANDS; INDOLE ALKALOIDS; SOMATIC GROWTH; TOXINS; DINOFLAGELLATE; HERPESVIRUS AB Lyngbya majuscula, a benthic filamentous cyanobacterium found throughout tropical and subtropical oceans, has been shown to contain the tumour promoting compounds lyngbyatoxin A (LA) and debromoaplysiatoxin (DAT). It grows epiphytically on seagrass and macroalgae, which also form the basis of the diet of the herbivorous green turtle (Chelonia mydas). This toxic cyanobacterium, has been observed growing in regions where turtles suffer from fibropapillomatosis (FP), a potentially fatal neoplastic disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether green turtles consume L majuscula in Queensland, Australia and the Hawaiian Islands, USA, resulting in potential exposure to tumour promoting compounds produced by this cyanobacterium. L. majuscula was present, though not in bloom, at nine sites examined and LA and DAT were detected in variable concentrations both within and between sites. Although common in green turtle diets, L majuscula was found to contribute less than 2% of total dietary intake, indicating that turtles may be exposed to low concentrations of tumour promoting compounds during non-bloom conditions. Tissue collected from dead green turtles in Moreton Bay tested positive for LA. An estimated dose, based on dietary intake and average toxin concentration at each site, showed a positive correlation for LA with the proportion of the population observed with external FP lesions. No such relationship was observed for DAT. This does not necessarily demonstrate a cause and effect relationship, but does suggest that naturally produced compounds should be considered in the aetiology of marine turtle FP. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All fights reserved. C1 [Arthur, Karen; Capper, Angela] Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. [Arthur, Karen] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Limpus, Colin] Environm Protect Agcy, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. [Balazs, George] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Udy, James] Univ Queensland, Ctr Water Studies Environm Engn, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Shaw, Glen] Griffith Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Griffith, Qld 4131, Australia. [Keuper-Bennett, Ursula; Bennett, Peter] Turtle Trax, Mississauga, ON L5M 3A6, Canada. RP Arthur, K (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Smithsonian Marine Stn Ft Pierce, 701 Seaway Dr, Ft Pierce, FL 34949 USA. EM arthur@si.edu RI Arthur, Karen/A-3089-2012; Capper, Angela/B-4403-2012; OI Capper, Angela/0000-0002-4922-0253 NR 86 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 3 U2 34 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD JAN PY 2008 VL 7 IS 1 BP 114 EP 125 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2007.06.001 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 242EZ UT WOS:000251708600012 ER PT S AU Carter, AC Datla, RU Woods, SI Jung, TM AF Carter, Adriaan C. Datla, Raju U. Woods, Solomon I. Jung, Timothy M. BE Dorn, DA Holland, AD TI Infrared Absolute Calibrations Down to 10 fW in Low-Temperature Environments at NIST SO High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy III SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on High Energy, Optical, and Infrared Detectors for Astronomy III CY JUN 23-26, 2008 CL Marseille, FRANCE SP SPIE, SPIE Europe DE calibration; infrared; IR; traceability; low-background temperature; low power; LBIR; NIST ID RADIOMETERS; STANDARDS AB The Low Background Infrared (LBIR) facility at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is responsible for absolute IR radiometric calibrations (SI traceable) in low-background temperature (below 80K) environments. IR radiometric test hardware that needs to be operated in cryogenic environments is calibrated in cryogenic vacuum chambers maintained by the facility to create environments that simulate the low-temperature background of space. Transfer radiometers have also been developed to calibrate IR radiometric test hardware that is too large to ship to NIST from their own IR test facilities. The first generation transfer radiometer, the BXR, is a filter-based radiometer that utilizes an As-doped Si blocked impurity band detector, and can calibrate IR test chambers to a total uncertainty of less than 3% (1 sigma) at irradiance as low as 10(-14) W/cm(2). The BXR has evaluated 9 chambers and the performance of a subset of these chambers will be discussed to a limited extent to demonstrate the need for calibrating IR test chambers. The second generation transfer radiometer, the MDXR, and new primary standards allowing absolute calibrations as low as 10(-15) W/cm(2) are in the final stages of development. The MDXR will have all the functionality of the BXR and it will have a cryogenic Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) for high resolution spectral capability. Performance specifications and test results from development activity on the new primary standards will be discussed. C1 [Carter, Adriaan C.; Datla, Raju U.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Carter, AC (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7231-1 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7021 AR 70210S DI 10.1117/12.789845 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIR72 UT WOS:000262360300024 ER PT B AU Orlanski, I AF Orlanski, Isidoro BE Hamilton, K Ohfuchi, W TI The rationale for why climate models should adequately resolve the mesoscale SO HIGH RESOLUTION NUMERICAL MODELLING OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on High Resolution Modeling CY SEP 21-22, 2005 CL Yokohama Inst Earth Sci, Yokohama, JAPAN HO Yokohama Inst Earth Sci ID STORM TRACK VARIABILITY; SENSITIVITY; SIMULATIONS AB A review of the importance of the cyclone-frontal scale system in climate variability and the ability of present climate models to simulate them has been presented. The analysis of three different Climate models, GISS, the NCAR community climate model CCM3, and the GFDL Finite volume AM2 (M90), have been discussed. The intention here was not to determine which one is better but rather to indicate what deficiency may be common to all of them. Evidence shows that the three models tend to be deficient in the generation of cyclone wave activity with the consequences that heat, momentum, and moisture may be deficient in the extratropical and subpolar regions. This will affect cloudiness, wind stress, and precipitation. Bauer and Del Genio (2005) have shown that the deficiency of moisture and cloudiness over the subpolar regions was due to the lack of cyclone waves to transport moisture and clouds to these regions. A discussion of complementary work done on clustering of cyclone trajectories by Gaffney et al. (2005) was also presented. Consistent with the present analysis, this study also showed that differences in trajectories between reanalysis and model simulation for each cluster of trajectories were here interpreted to be related to the lack of intense high frequency eddies of the GCM. The previous two studies depend on the surface characteristics based on trajectories of the high frequency eddies. The present analysis on the GFDL-GCM is totally eulerian and based on the upper level eddy activities (300 mb). However, a similar conclusion has been drawn from the analysis of the band pass frequency of energy and momentum for the GFDL AM2-M90 17 year runs, where it is quite clear that the momentum and energy of the very high frequency is much lower in the model simulation than in the reanalysis. The variance of meridional velocity also shows that the deficiency of the high frequency is in the latitude area where the reanalysis shows it to be positioned in the storm track: the model displaces it south of that. There is also a suggestion that to achieve the correct intensity of the high frequency baroclinic eddies, models should have enough resolution to resolve them,. since this intensity depends on the lower level circulation of the frontal circulation system. The mesoscale circulation associated with cyclones could be adequately represented in models with resolution equal or superior to 1/4 degrees resolution. It is clear that to adequately resolve the mesoscale, it is necessary to not only improve the resolution but also to improve the boundary layer and surface fluxes. Clearly, at the present lowresolution of climate models, this improvement is probably unattainable. However, if the cloudiness and sea ice over the subpolar regions are important to the overall climate, this should be an attainable goal because no sophistication in the moist convection or sea-ice model could correct those deficiencies due to the unresolved dynamics. C1 [Orlanski, Isidoro] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Orlanski, I (reprint author), Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Forrestal Campus, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-36671-5 PY 2008 BP 29 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-49791-4_2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BHC91 UT WOS:000252233800002 ER PT B AU Orlanski, I Kerr, C AF Orlanski, Isidoro Kerr, Christopher BE Hamilton, K Ohfuchi, W TI Project TERRA: A glimpse into the future of weather and climate modeling SO HIGH RESOLUTION NUMERICAL MODELLING OF THE ATMOSPHERE AND OCEAN LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on High Resolution Modeling CY SEP 21-22, 2005 CL Yokohama Inst Earth Sci, Yokohama, JAPAN HO Yokohama Inst Earth Sci ID STORM TRACK VARIABILITY AB One major challenge in obtaining useful numerical simulations of weather and climate is addressing the sensitivity of these simulations to the characteristics and distribution of clouds in the model(s). Latent heat release produced in clouds as a consequence of moist convection can dramatically affect the dynamics that govern the development of larger scale weather systems and storm tracks. Also, given the profound effects of cloud distribution on the radiative characteristics of the atmosphere, these interactions critically affect the models' climate and thus our conclusions regarding climate change. A very high resolution global model has recently been run at NOAA!s Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) to investigate the potential value of cloud-resolving numerical models to weather forecasts and climate simulations. Dubbed "Project TERRA", this experiment was conceived as an experimental 1-day simulation with GFDL's ZETAC model. C1 [Orlanski, Isidoro; Kerr, Christopher] Forrestal Campus Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Orlanski, I (reprint author), Forrestal Campus Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-36671-5 PY 2008 BP 45 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-49791-4_3 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BHC91 UT WOS:000252233800003 ER PT J AU Bejarano, AC VanDola, FM Gulland, FM Rowles, TK Schwacke, LH AF Bejarano, Adriana C. VanDola, Frances M. Gulland, Frances M. Rowles, Teresa K. Schwacke, Lori H. TI Production and toxicity of the marine biotoxin domoic acid and its effects on wildlife: A review SO HUMAN AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT LA English DT Review DE marine biotoxin; domoic acid; Pseudo-nitzschia; toxic algal blooms; wildlife ID PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA-MULTISERIES; CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS; CEREBELLAR GRANULE NEURONS; CRAB POLYBIUS-HENSLOWII; AMNESIC SHELLFISH TOXIN; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS-NEREIS; HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION AB Domoic acid (DA), produced by marine diatom species in the genus Pseudo-nitzschia, is a potent excitotoxin linked since the late 1990s to massive marine mammal and seabird mortalities along the California coast. These and a previous incident involving human intoxication and deaths prompted many studies, some of which have unveiled the trophic transfer of DA from benthic invertebrates and planktivorous fish to top predators, demonstrating serious health risk to marine wildlife and humans. Top predator populations that may be more adversely affected by DA include those with narrow geographical distribution or those that are already in decline as a result of other environmental stressors or natural cyclic fluctuations. However, to date no studies have attempted to assess the population effects of recurrent exposures to DA on any of the affected wildlife species. Ecological risk assessment can help to identify DA effects on wildlife, but meaningful assessments require the integration of many types of information, often not available to conduct such studies. Hence, determining short- and long-term effects on marine wildlife populations is rather challenging. The purpose of this review is to highlight recent research efforts and information gaps, and the need for interdisciplinary programs that allow collaborative wildlife population risk assessments of critical species. C1 [Bejarano, Adriana C.; Schwacke, Lori H.] NOAA, NOS Cooperat Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [VanDola, Frances M.] NOAA NOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Gulland, Frances M.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA USA. [Rowles, Teresa K.] NOAA Fisheries, Cooperat Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Bejarano, AC (reprint author), NOAA, NOS Cooperat Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM BejaranoAC@gmail.com NR 102 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 11 U2 44 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1080-7039 J9 HUM ECOL RISK ASSESS JI Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. PY 2008 VL 14 IS 3 BP 544 EP 567 DI 10.1080/10807030802074220 PG 24 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 316HV UT WOS:000256941100008 ER PT J AU Lirman, D Deangelo, G Serafy, J Hazra, A Hazra, DS Herlan, J Luo, J Bellmund, S Wang, J Clausing, R AF Lirman, D. Deangelo, G. Serafy, J. Hazra, A. Hazra, D. Smith Herlan, J. Luo, J. Bellmund, S. Wang, J. Clausing, R. TI Seasonal changes in the abundance and distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation in a highly managed coastal lagoon SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE SAV; salinity patterns; water management; freshwater canals; seagrass; macroalgae ID RUPPIA-MARITIMA L; GULF-OF-MEXICO; BISCAYNE BAY; FLORIDA BAY; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; WATER-QUALITY; MATHEMATICAL-MODEL; STANDING CROP; SOUTH FLORIDA; INDIAN RIVER AB The inflow of fresh water into coastal lagoons is a key factor influencing the structure and function of these ecosystems. Biscayne Bay, a coastal lagoon adjacent to the city of Miami, is located downstream of the Everglades ecosystem where the extensive water management system now in place has modified the historical hydrology, replacing groundwater and overland flows with pulsed releases from canals. In areas where canals discharge directly into littoral habitats, an environment with low-mean salinity and high-salinity variability is created. In this study, we characterize the salinity patterns of nearshore habitats (<500 m from shore) and document patterns of seasonal abundance and distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) to evaluate the impacts of water management practices. Seagrasses were the principal component of the SAV community during the 2005 dry season (mean cover = 25.5%), while macroalgae dominated during the wet season (mean cover = 33.4%). The distribution and abundance of SAV were directly related to the tolerance of each taxon to salinity patterns. Seagrass species with high tolerance to low and variable salinity such as Halodule wrightii and Ruppia maritima were found only in canal-influenced areas and increased in abundance and spatial distribution in the wet season when freshwater inflow is highest. The dominance of rhizophytic macroalgae during the wet season was determined by the appearance and high abundance of Chara, a taxon commonly associated with freshwater environments. Thalassia testudinum, the most abundant seagrass species, was found throughout the study region, but decreased in abundance in the canal-influenced areas during the wet season when lower, more variable salinity resulted in lowered productivity. The data presented here showed a significant relationship between salinity patterns and the seasonal abundance and distribution of SAV. These findings support the use of SAV as appropriate indicators of changes in water quality resulting from future restoration projects associated with the Everglades Restoration Plan, which will once again modify the delivery of fresh water into littoral habitats with unknown ecological consequences. C1 [Lirman, D.; Hazra, A.; Herlan, J.; Luo, J.; Wang, J.; Clausing, R.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Deangelo, G.] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Serafy, J.; Hazra, D. Smith] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bellmund, S.] Biscayne Natl Pk, Homestead, FL 33033 USA. RP Lirman, D (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dlirman@rsmas.miami.edu NR 59 TC 21 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 28 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 EI 1573-5117 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2008 VL 596 BP 105 EP 120 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9061-x PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 242MR UT WOS:000251729800010 ER PT J AU Jankowski, T Collins, AG Campbell, R AF Jankowski, Thomas Collins, Allen G. Campbell, Richard TI Global diversity of inland water cnidarians SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article DE hydra; polypodium; cordylophora; craspedacusta; distribution; species diversity; freshwater cnidarian ID FRESH-WATER; BRACKISH-WATER; RDNA DATA; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; HYDROZOA; JELLYFISH; MEDUSAE; WORLD AB Global diversity of inland water cnidarians is low, containing < 40 species belonging to phylogenetically distinct groups representing independent invasion events: the common and cosmopolitan hydras (12-15 species); the sporadically occurring freshwater medusae (6-16 sp.); the Cordylophorinae (2 sp.); the parasitic Polypodium (1 sp.); the medusae occurring in saline lakes (4 sp.). Freshwater cnidarians inhabit nearly all types of freshwater on all continents (except Antarctica), but only a few species have cosmopolitan distributions. Due to uncertainty in species knowledge, fine scale regions of endemicity are not yet clear. C1 [Jankowski, Thomas] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol Eawag, Water Resources Dept, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, MRC 153, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Syst Lab,NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Campbell, Richard] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Dev & Cell Biol, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Jankowski, T (reprint author), Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol Eawag, Water Resources Dept, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. EM thomas.jankowski@eawag.ch RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 NR 17 TC 33 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 34 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD JAN PY 2008 VL 595 BP 35 EP 40 DI 10.1007/s10750-007-9001-9 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 249TS UT WOS:000252253300005 ER PT J AU Hinson, DP Patzold, M Wilson, RJ Hausler, B Tellmann, S Tyler, GL AF Hinson, D. P. Paetzold, M. Wilson, R. J. Haeusler, B. Tellmann, S. Tyler, G. L. TI Radio occultation measurements and MGCM simulations of Kelvin waves on Mars SO ICARUS LA English DT Article DE Mars, atmosphere; atmospheres, dynamics ID WATER ICE CLOUDS; MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE; GLOBAL SURVEYOR; THERMAL TIDES; NEUTRAL ATMOSPHERE; MGS ACCELEROMETER; SATELLITE; RESOLUTION; PROFILES; MODEL AB We have derived new results concerning thermal tides on Mars from a combination of radio occultation measurements and numerical simulations by a Mars General Circulation Model (MGCM). This investigation exploits a set of concurrent observations by Mars Express (MEX) and Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) in mid-2004, when the season on Mars was midspring in the northern hemisphere. The MEX occultations sampled the atmosphere near the evening terminator at latitudes ranging from 54 degrees N to 15 degrees S. The MGS occultations provided complementary coverage near the morning terminator at latitudes of 35 degrees N and 71 degrees S. The geopotential field derived from these measurements contains distinctive modulation caused by solar-asynchronous thermal tides. Through careful analysis of the combined observations, we characterized two prominent wave modes, obtaining direct solutions for some properties, such as the amplitude and phase, as well as constraints on others, such as the period, zonal wave number, and meridional structure. We supplemented these observations with MGCM simulations. After evaluating the performance of the MGCM against the measurements, we used the validated simulation to deduce the identity of the two tidal modes and to explore their behavior. One mode is a semidiurnal Kelvin wave with a zonal wave number of 2 (SK2), while the other is a diurnal Kelvin wave with a zonal wave number of 1 (DK1). Both modes are known to be close to resonance in the martian atmosphere. Our observations of the SK2 are more complete and less ambiguous than any previous measurement. The well-known DK1 is the dominant solar-asynchronous tide in the martian atmosphere, and our results confirm and extend previous observations by diverse instruments. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hinson, D. P.; Tyler, G. L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Paetzold, M.; Tellmann, S.] Univ Cologne, Inst Geophys & Meteorol, Cologne, Germany. [Wilson, R. J.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Haeusler, B.] Univ Bundeswehr Munchen, Inst Raumfahrttech, Neubiberg, Germany. RP Hinson, DP (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM dhinson@stanford.edu NR 42 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0019-1035 J9 ICARUS JI Icarus PD JAN PY 2008 VL 193 IS 1 BP 125 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.icarus.2007.09.009 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 250HE UT WOS:000252289800010 ER PT S AU McGovern, A Hiers, NC Collier, M Gagne, DJ Brown, RA AF McGovern, Amy Hiers, Nathan C. Collier, Matthew Gagne, David J., II Brown, Rodger A. BA Giannotti, F BF Giannotti, F BE Gunopulos, D Turini, F Zaniolo, C Ramakrishnan, N Wu, XD TI Spatiotemporal Relational Probability Trees: An Introduction SO ICDM 2008: EIGHTH IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON DATA MINING, PROCEEDINGS SE IEEE International Conference on Data Mining LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining CY DEC 15-19, 2008 CL Pisa, ITALY SP IEEE, Yahoo Res, WIND, Microsoft, Ask com, IBM, Natl Sci Fdn, coop, BASE, Univ Pisa, Brite, Comune Pisa, Prov Pisa, Prov Lucca, Inst Sci & Tecnol Informazione, Consiglio Nazl Ric, GeoPKDD, Camera Commercia Pisa AB We introduce spatiotemporal relational probability trees (SRPTs), probability estimation trees for relational data that can vary in both space and time. The SRPT algorithm addresses the exponential increase in search complexity through sampling. We validate the SRPT using a simulated data set and we empirically demonstrate the SRPT algorithm on two real-world data sets. C1 [McGovern, Amy; Collier, Matthew; Gagne, David J., II] Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Hiers, Nathan C.] Atmospher Technol Serv Co, Norman, OK USA. [Brown, Rodger A.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, NOAA, Oklahoma City, OK USA. RP McGovern, A (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM amcgovern@ou.edu; nate.biers@gmail.com; mwc@ou.edu; qigagne@ou.edu; Rodger.Brown@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [NSF/IIS/0746816, NSF/CISE/REU 0453545]; University of Oklahoma's College of Engineering; Oklahoma Space Grant; NASA [NNG05GN42H] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. NSF/IIS/0746816, NSF/CISE/REU 0453545 a seed grant from the University of Oklahoma's College of Engineering, the Oklahoma Space Grant, and NASA Grant number NNG05GN42H. NR 24 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA SN 1550-4786 BN 978-0-7695-3502-9 J9 IEEE DATA MINING PY 2008 BP 935 EP + DI 10.1109/ICDM.2008.134 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA BJA60 UT WOS:000264173600110 ER PT B AU Marbukh, V Mills, K AF Marbukh, Vladimir Mills, Kevin BE Bi, J Gyires, T PozniakKoszalka, I TI Demand Pricing & Resource Allocation in Market-based Compute Grids: A Model and Initial Results SO ICN 2008: SEVENTH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NETWORKING, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Networking (ICN 2008) CY APR 13-18, 2008 CL Cancun, MEXICO AB Market-based compute grids encompass service providers offering limited resources to potential users with varying quality of service demands and willingness to pay. Providers face problems of pricing and allocating resources to maximize revenue. Previous research proposed and analyzed a method for allocating resources based on joint optimization of access control and scheduling strategies. This paper proposes a tractable analytical model for joint optimization of job pricing and scheduling strategies with the objective of maximizing provider revenue. The paper provides initial results for the case of a single provider serving price-sensitive users whose utilities decay linearly with increasing service delay. The paper also shows that providers must combine both pricing and admission control to achieve maximum revenue. C1 [Marbukh, Vladimir; Mills, Kevin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marbukh, V (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marbukh@nist.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-4234-8 PY 2008 BP 752 EP 757 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA BLT38 UT WOS:000270979200120 ER PT B AU Moutzouris, K Adler, F Sell, A Leitenstorfer, A AF Moutzouris, Konstantinos Adler, Florian Sell, Alexander Leitenstorfer, Alfred BE Marciniak, M TI Ultra-wide band wavelength converters SO ICTON 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF 2008 10TH ANNIVERSARY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TRANSPARENT OPTICAL NETWORKS, VOL 1 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks CY JUN 22-26, 2008 CL Athens, GREECE SP Natl Inst Telecommun, Athens Informat Technol, grnet, INTRACOM TELECOM, COST Act 291, IEEE LEOS DE wavelength conversion; nonlinear optics; fiber lasers ID FIBER SOURCE AB In this paper, we review various nonlinear wavelength conversion experiments based upon a femtosecond erbium-fiber Source operating at the telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 mu m. By use of harmonic and SLIM frequency generation a nearly continuous Ultra-wide band coverage from the ultraviolet through the entire visible to the near-infrared is achieved. The Lip-converted radiation appears in the form Of Ultra-short pulses with a repetition rate of approximately 100 MHz and average power levels ranging from few to more than 100 mW. In addition, we report on a concept for broadband-to-narrowband frequency doubling. Under this novel, highly efficient scheme, the harmonic component is Subjected to Simultaneous spectral filtering and brightness enhancement. Such performance characteristics may be of great interest to numerous applications, including high-capacity data storage, frequency-comb generation, bioimaging and spectroscopy. C1 [Moutzouris, Konstantinos] AIT Ctr, POB 68, Peenia Athens 19002, Greece. [Sell, Alexander] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Standards & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Sell, Alexander; Leitenstorfer, Alfred] Univ Konstanz, Ctr App Photon, Dept Phys, D-78464 Constance, Germany. RP Moutzouris, K (reprint author), AIT Ctr, POB 68, Peenia Athens 19002, Greece. EM kmon@ait.edu.gr NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2625-6 PY 2008 BP 198 EP + DI 10.1109/ICTON.2008.4598406 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BIH26 UT WOS:000259479800051 ER PT B AU Li, XL Godill, A Wagan, A AF Li, Xiaolan Godill, Afzal Wagan, Asim BE Spagnuolo, M CohenOr, D Gu, XD TI SHREC'08 entry: Visual based 3D CAD retrieval using Fourier Mellin Transform SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SHAPE MODELING AND APPLICATIONS 2008, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications CY JUN 04-06, 2008 CL Stony Brook, NY SP IEEE Comp Soc, VGTC, ACM SIGGRAPH, EUROGRAPHICS, Comp Graph Soc DE Fourier Mellin Transform; visual similarity-based retrieval AB Fourier Mellin Transform (FMT) has been used effectively in previous work for 2D image analysis, reconstruction and retrieval. In this paper, we perform 3D shape retrieval based on FMT on the Purdue Shape Benchmark. The whole procedure includes three steps: 1) generate silhouettes along the six principle directions for each 3D model; 2) compute a collection of FMT coefficients for all the silhouettes, which are translation, scale, and rotation invariant; and 3) compute a match measure between the query coefficients collection and those in the 3D shape repositories. The main contribution of this paper is the novel approach to extract the 3D signatures by Fourier Mellin Transform. Our experimental results validate the effectiveness of our approach. C1 [Li, Xiaolan; Godill, Afzal; Wagan, Asim] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, XL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-2260-9 PY 2008 BP 235 EP 236 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BHX89 UT WOS:000257312200035 ER PT B AU Wagan, AI Godil, A Li, XL AF Wagan, Asim I. Godil, Afzal Li, Xiaolan BE Spagnuolo, M CohenOr, D Gu, XD TI SHREC'08 entry: 3D shape searching using object partitioning SO IEEE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SHAPE MODELING AND APPLICATIONS 2008, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT IEEE International Conference on Shape Modeling and Applications CY JUN 04-06, 2008 CL Stony Brook, NY SP IEEE Comp Soc, VGTC, ACM SIGGRAPH, EUROGRAPHICS, Comp Graph Soc DE J.6.1 [computer-aided engineering]; computeraided design-[I.5.4]; pattern recognition-applications AB In this paper we propose a novel algorithm for 3D shape searching based on the visual similarity by cutting the object into sections. This method rectifies some of the shortcomings of the visual sinularity based methods, so that it can better account for concave areas of an object and parts of the object not visible because of occlusion. As the first step, silhouettes of the 3D object are generated by partitioning the object into number of parts with cutting planes perpendicular to the view direction. Then Zernike moments are applied on the silhouettes to generate shape descriptors. The distance measure is based on minimizing the distance among all the combinations of shape descriptors and then these distances are used for similarity based searching. We have performed experiments on the Princeton shape benchmark and the Purdue CAD/CAM database, and have achieved results comparable to some of the best algorithms in the 3D shape searching literature. C1 [Wagan, Asim I.; Godil, Afzal] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Xiaolan] Zhejiang Gongshang Univ, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. RP Wagan, AI (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM asim.wagan@nist.gov; godil@nist.gov; lixian@nist.gov NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE COMPUTER SOC PI LOS ALAMITOS PA 10662 LOS VAQUEROS CIRCLE, PO BOX 3014, LOS ALAMITOS, CA 90720-1264 USA BN 978-1-4244-2260-9 PY 2008 BP 239 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Mathematics, Applied SC Computer Science; Engineering; Mathematics GA BHX89 UT WOS:000257312200037 ER PT J AU Yu, Y Privette, JL Pinheiro, AC AF Yu, Yunyue Privette, Jeffrey L. Pinheiro, Ana C. TI Evaluation of split-window land surface temperature algorithms for generating climate data records SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE climate data record (CDR); land surface temperature (LST); radiative transfer simulation model; split-window (SW) algorithm ID GROUND MEASUREMENTS; AVHRR DATA; MODIS DATA; EMISSIVITY; VALIDATION; SPACE AB Land surface temperature (LST) is a key indicator of the Earth's surface energy and is used in a range of hydrological, meteorological, and climatological applications. As needed for most modeling and climate analysis applications, LST products that are generated from polar-orbiting meteorological satellite sensors have spatial resolutions from several hundred meters to several kilometers and have (quasi) daily temporal resolution. These sensors include the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Earth Observing System Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and the forthcoming Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) series, to be flown onboard the National Polar-Orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System (VIIRS flights begin approximately 2009). Generally, split-window algorithms are used with these sensors to produce LST products. In this paper, we evaluated nine published LST algorithms (or, in some cases, their slight variants) to determine those that are most suitable for generating a consistent LST climate data record across these satellite sensors and platforms. A consistent set of moderate-resolution atmospheric transmission simulations were used in determining the appropriate coefficients for each algorithm and sensor (AVHRR, MODIS, and VIIRS) combination. Algorithm accuracy was evaluated over different view zenith angles, surface-atmosphere temperature combinations, and emissivity errors. Both simulated and actual remote sensing data were used in the evaluation. We found that the nine heritage algorithms can effectively be collapsed into three groups of highly similar performance. We also demonstrated the efficacy of an atmospheric path-length correction term that is added to the heritage algorithms. We conclude that the algorithms depending on both the mean and difference of band emissivities (Group 1 in our nomenclature) are most accurate and stable over a wide range of conditions, provided that the emissivity can be well estimated a priori. Where the emissivity cannot be well estimated, the Group 3 algorithms (which do not depend on the emissivity difference) modified with the path-length correction term perform better. C1 [Yu, Yunyue] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Statellite Data & Informat Serv N, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Privette, Jeffrey L.; Pinheiro, Ana C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Statellite Data & Informat Serv N, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Yu, Y (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Statellite Data & Informat Serv N, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM yunyue.yu@noaa.gov; jeff.privette@noaa.gov; Ana.Pinheiro@noaa.gov RI Privette, Jeffrey/G-7807-2011; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 OI Privette, Jeffrey/0000-0001-8267-9894; NR 38 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 1 U2 13 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD JAN PY 2008 VL 46 IS 1 BP 179 EP 192 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2007.909097 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 244DP UT WOS:000251846500017 ER PT J AU Cresswell, MW Allen, RA Guthrie, WF Murabito, CE Dixson, RG Hunt, A AF Cresswell, Michael W. Allen, Richard A. Guthrie, William F. Murabito, Christine E. Dixson, Ronald G. Hunt, Amy TI Comparison of SEM and HRTEM CD measurements extracted from test structures having feature linewidths from 40 to 240 nm SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy (AFM); calibration; critical dimension (CD); dimensional standards; high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM); lattice-plane selective etch; linewidth; metrology; reference materials; scanning electron microscopy (SEM); SCCDRM; single-crystal silicon; standard reference material; traceability ID FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL CONSTANTS; CODATA RECOMMENDED VALUES; CALIBRATION; NIST AB Critical dimension (CD) measurements have been extracted from SEM and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) images of the same set of monocrystalline silicon features having linewidths between 40 and 240 run. The silicon features are incorporated into a new test structure that has been designed to facilitate this type of CD metrology study. Major improvements to previously reported HRTEM sample-preparation and fringe-counting procedures have been implemented. The purpose of this paper is to make a preliminary assessment of the calibration statistics of SEM transfer metrology when HRTEM is used as the primary metrology in CD reference material calibration. The linearity and the correlation of the regression between HRTEM and SEM measurements were very encouraging. However, further study of the calibration statistics, from which uncertainty estimates of the SEM CD measurements were obtained, revealed small but significant test-chip-to-test-chip variability of the SEM-to-HRTEM offset at the low single-digit nanometer level. Further measurements made the case that this unanticipated variability originated in the differences in the amounts of hydrocarbon deposition that were made by the SEM tool during the measurement cycle. This is considered to be a very useful finding because modern SEM tools, which can reduce hydrocarbon deposition below levels that were encountered here by almost an order of magnitude, are now becoming available. The results reported here provide a strong indication that HRTEM-SEM-based calibration approaches offer great promise for single-digit nanometer uncertainty. C1 [Cresswell, Michael W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Allen, Richard A.; Murabito, Christine E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guthrie, William F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dixson, Ronald G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Manufacture Engn Lab, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hunt, Amy] Accurel Syst Int Corp, Sunnyvale, CA 94085 USA. RP Cresswell, MW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.cresswell@nist.gov; richard.allen@nist.gov; will.guthrie@nist.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 57 IS 1 BP 100 EP 109 DI 10.1109/TIM.2007.908313 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 245PL UT WOS:000251947400014 ER PT J AU Souryal, MR Larsson, EG Peric, B Vojcic, BR AF Souryal, Michael R. Larsson, Erik G. Peric, Bojan Vojcic, Branimir R. TI Soft-decision metrics for coded orthogonal signaling in symmetric alpha-stable noise SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SIGNAL PROCESSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 30th IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing CY MAR 19-23, 2005 CL Philadelphia, PA SP IEEE DE Cauchy; generalized likelihood ration; impulsive noise; stable distribution ID PERFORMANCE AB This paper derives new soft-decision metrics for coded orthogonal signaling in impulsive noise, more specifically symmetric alpha-stable noise. For the case of a known channel amplitude and known noise dispersion, exact metrics are derived both for Cauchy and Gaussian noise. For the case that the channel amplitude or the dispersion is unknown, approximate metrics are obtained in closed-form based on a generalized-likelihood ratio approach. The performance of the new metrics is compared numerically for a turbo-coded system, and the sensitivity to side information of the optimum receiver for Cauchy noise is considered. The gain that can be achieved by using a properly chosen decoding metric-is quantified, and it is shown that this gain is significant. The application of the results to frequency hopping ad hoc networks is also discussed. C1 [Souryal, Michael R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Larsson, Erik G.] Royal Inst Technol, Stockholm, Sweden. [Peric, Bojan; Vojcic, Branimir R.] George Washington Univ, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Souryal, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM souryal@nist.gov; erik.larsson@isy.liu.se; bojanp@gwu.edu; vojcic@gwu.edu NR 11 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1053-587X J9 IEEE T SIGNAL PROCES JI IEEE Trans. Signal Process. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 56 IS 1 BP 266 EP 273 DI 10.1109/TSP.2007.906775 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 245PJ UT WOS:000251947200022 ER PT S AU Dvornychenko, VN AF Dvornychenko, V. N. BE Astola, JT Egiazarian, KO Dougherty, ER TI Latent fingerprint system performance modeling SO IMAGE PROCESSING: ALGORITHMS AND SYSTEMS VI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Image Processing - Algorithms and Systems VI CY JAN 28-29, 2008 CL San Jose, CA SP Soc Imaging Sci & Technol, SPIE C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Image Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dvornychenko, VN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Image Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Vdvorny@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-6984-7 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6812 AR 68120C PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Computer Science; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHT94 UT WOS:000256350500011 ER PT S AU Fraser, GT Brown, SW Datla, RU Johnson, BC Lykke, KR Rice, JP AF Fraser, G. T. Brown, S. W. Datla, R. U. Johnson, B. C. Lykke, K. R. Rice, J. P. BA Lewis, PE BF Lewis, PE BE Shen, SS TI Measurement science for climate remote sensing SO IMAGING SPECTROMETRY XIII SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Imaging Spectrometry XIII CY AUG 12-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE climate change; measurement science; metrology; rernote sensing ID RADIANCE RESPONSIVITY; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; NIST AB The NIST role in supporting our Nation's climate research is described. The assembly of climate data records over decadal time scales requires assimilating readings from a large number of optical sensors deployed in space and on the Earth by various nations. NIST, in partnership with NASA and NOAA, develops and disseminates the calibration tools and standards to ensure that the measurements from these sensors are accurate, comparable, and tied to international standards based on the SI system of units. This effort helps to provide confidence that the small decadal changes ill environmental variables attributed to climate change are not an artifact of the measurement system. Additionally, it ensures that the measurements are physics based and thus comparable to climate models. C1 [Fraser, G. T.; Brown, S. W.; Datla, R. U.; Johnson, B. C.; Lykke, K. R.; Rice, J. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fraser, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7306-6 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7086 AR 708102 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BIO83 UT WOS:000261377300001 ER PT B AU Tsang, W AF Tsang, Wing GP ASME TI PROGRESS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF CHEMICAL KINETICS DATABASES FOR THE COMBUSTION OF REAL FUELS SO IMECE 2008: PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MECHANICAL ENGINEERING CONGRESS AND EXPOSITION, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition CY OCT 31-NOV 06, 2008 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers ID HEPTANE COMBUSTION; DECOMPOSITION; RADICALS C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Proc Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tsang, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Proc Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wing.tsang@nist.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4864-7 PY 2008 BP 561 EP 569 PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA BJK02 UT WOS:000266598100065 ER PT B AU Hunt, FY Marbukh, V AF Hunt, Fern Y. Marbukh, Vladimir BE Chu, HW Savoie, M Ferrer, J Franco, P Estrems, M TI Dynamic Routing and Congestion Control Through Random Assignment of Routes SO IMETI 2008: INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, VOL I, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Multi-Conference on Engineering and Technological Innovation CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Orlando, FL DE Cross-Layer; TCP/IP algorithms ID STABILITY AB We introduce an algorithm for maximizing utility through congestion control and random allocation of routes to users. The allocation is defined by a probability distribution whose degree of randomness as measured by its entropy, is controlled. We seek to use the entropy to modulate between the two extremes of path specification: minimum cost path selection on one end and equiprobable path allocation on the other. We explore the trade-off between stability and utility in two sample topologies. C1 [Hunt, Fern Y.; Marbukh, Vladimir] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hunt, FY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-934272-43-5 PY 2008 BP 161 EP 162 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA BIY93 UT WOS:000263828900032 ER PT B AU Vinh, A AF Vinh, Alan BE Zinn, CD Chu, HW Savoie, M Ferrer, J Munitic, A TI Computer-based Monitoring for Decision Support Systems and Disaster Preparedness in Buildings SO IMETI 2008: INTERNATIONAL MULTI-CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, VOL II, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Multi-Conference on Engineering and Technological Innovation CY JUN 29-JUL 02, 2008 CL Orlando, FL DE alarm; alert; authentication; authorization; emergency preparedness; information management; interoperability protocols; secure data exchange AB The operation of modem buildings can support a vast amount of static and real-time data. Static information such as building schematics is vital for security and rescue purposes. There is a need for building managers and for first responders to be notified of designated building alerts in real-time so that actions can be performed promptly. The capability to monitor building devices and to keep the first responder community updated with the latest building information during emergency situations, as well as the ability to remotely control certain building devices and processes, can be realized today. This paper describes the various challenges encountered in the research area of building interoperability and proposes methods and insights for developing a standards framework to enable communication between building information systems and first responder information systems. Having a standards framework in place will assist in the development and deployment of commercial products in support of building interoperability. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg Environm Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vinh, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg Environm Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU INT INST INFORMATICS & SYSTEMICS PI ORLANDO PA 14269 LORD BARCLAY DR, ORLANDO, FL 32837 USA BN 978-1-934272-44-2 PY 2008 BP 285 EP 290 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BJA13 UT WOS:000264095300053 ER PT S AU Amon, F Lock, A Bryner, N AF Amon, Francine Lock, Andrew Bryner, Nelson BE Holst, GC TI Suite of proposed imaging performance metrics and test methods for fire service thermal imaging cameras SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE contrast; first responder; infrared camera; nonuniformity; performance evaluation; spatial resolution; temperature range; thermal imager; thermal sensitivity AB The use of thermal imaging cameras (TIC) by the fire service is increasing as fire fighters become more aware of the value of these tools. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is currently developing a consensus standard for design and performance requirements for TIC as used by the fire service. This standard will include performance requirements for TIC design robustness and image quality. The National Institute of Standards and Technology facilitates this process by providing recommendations for science-based performance metrics and test methods to the NFPA technical committee charged with the development of this standard. A suite of imaging performance metrics and test methods based on the harsh operating environment and limitations of use particular to the fire service has been proposed for inclusion in the standard. The performance metrics include large area contrast, effective temperature range, spatial resolution, nonuniformity, and thermal sensitivity. Test methods to measure TIC performance for these metrics are in various stages of development. An additional procedure, image recognition, has also been developed to facilitate the evaluation of TIC design robustness. The pass/fail criteria for each of these imaging performance metrics are derived from perception tests in which image contrast, brightness, noise, and spatial resolution are degraded to the point that users can no longer consistently perform tasks involving TIC due to poor image quality. C1 [Amon, Francine; Lock, Andrew; Bryner, Nelson] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Amon, F (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM francine.amon@nist.gov RI Lock, Andrew/C-5105-2008 NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 69411A DI 10.1117/12.778368 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300041 ER PT S AU Amon, F Bryner, N AF Amon, Francine Bryner, Nelson BE Holst, GC TI Measurement of effective temperature range of fire service thermal imaging cameras SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE contrast; first responder; infrared camera; mode shift; performance evaluation; temperature range; thermal imager AB The use of thermal imaging cameras (TIC) by the fire service is increasing as fire fighters become more aware of the value of these tools. The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) is currently developing a consensus standard for design and performance requirements of TIC as used by the fire service. The National Institute of Standards and Technology facilitates this process by providing recommendations for science-based performance metrics and test methods to the NFPA technical committee charged with the development of this standard. A suite of imaging performance metrics and test methods, based on the harsh operating environment and limitations of use particular to the fire service, has been proposed for inclusion in the standard. The Effective Temperature Range (ETR) measures the range of temperatures that a TIC can view while still providing useful information to the user. Specifically, extreme heat in the field of view tends to inhibit a TIC's ability to discern surfaces having intermediate temperatures, such as victims and fire fighters. The ETR measures the contrast of a target having alternating 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C bars while an increasing temperature range is imposed on other surfaces in the field of view. The ETR also indicates the thermal conditions that trigger a shift in integration time common to TIC employing microbolometer sensors. The reported values for this imaging performance metric are the hot surface temperature range within which the TIC provides adequate bar contrast, and the hot surface temperature at which the TIC shifts integration time. C1 [Amon, Francine; Bryner, Nelson] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Amon, F (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM francine.amon@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 694113 DI 10.1117/12.778360 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300034 ER PT S AU Lock, A Amon, F AF Lock, Andrew Amon, Francine BE Holst, GC TI Application of spatial frequency response as a criterion for evaluating thermal imaging camera performance SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE spatial frequency response; thermal imaging camera; fire service; first responder; evaluation; performance; modulation transfer function; contrast transfer function AB Police, firefighters, and emergency medical personnel are examples of first responders that are utilizing thermal imaging cameras in a very practical way every day. However, few performance metrics have been developed to assist first responders in evaluating the performance of thermal imaging technology. This paper describes one possible metric for evaluating spatial resolution using an application of Spatial Frequency Response (SFR) calculations for thermal imaging. According to ISO 12233, the SFR is defined as the integrated area below the Modulation Transfer Function (MTF) curve derived from the discrete Fourier transform of a camera image representing a knife-edge target. This concept is modified slightly for use as a quantitative analysis of the camera's performance by integrating the area between the MTF curve and the camera's characteristic nonuniformity, or noise floor, determined at room temperature. The resulting value, which is termed the Effective SFR, can then be compared with a spatial resolution value obtained from human perception testing of task specific situations to determine the acceptability of the performance of thermal imaging cameras. The testing procedures described herein are being developed as part of a suite of tests for possible inclusion into a performance standard on thermal imaging cameras for first responders. C1 [Lock, Andrew; Amon, Francine] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lock, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.lock@nist.gov RI Lock, Andrew/C-5105-2008 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 69411C DI 10.1117/12.779158 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300042 ER PT S AU Lock, A Amon, F AF Lock, Andrew Amon, Francine BE Holst, GC TI Measurement of the nonuniformity of first responder thermal imaging cameras SO INFRARED IMAGING SYSTEMS: DESIGN, ANALYSIS, MODELING, AND TESTING XIX SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Infrared Imaging Systems - Design, Analysis, Modeling, and Testing XIX CY MAR 18-19, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE nonuniformity; thermal imaging camera; evaluation; performance; standard AB Police, firefighters, and emergency medical personnel are examples of first responders that are utilizing thermal imaging cameras in a very practical way every day. However, few performance metrics have been developed to assist first responders in evaluating the performance of thermal imaging technology. This paper describes one possible metric for evaluating the nonuniformity of thermal imaging cameras. Several commercially available uncooled focal plane array cameras were examined. Because of proprietary property issues, each camera was considered a 'black box'. In these experiments, an extended area black body (18 cm square) was placed very close to the objective lens of the thermal imaging camera. The resultant video output from the camera was digitized at a resolution of 640x480 pixels and a grayscale depth of 10 bits. The nonuniformity was calculated using the standard deviation of the digitized image pixel intensities divided by the mean of those pixel intensities. This procedure was repeated for each camera at several blackbody temperatures in the range from 30 degrees C to 260 degrees C. It has observed that the nonuniformity initially increases with temperature, then asymptotically approaches a maximum value. Nonuniformity is also applied to the calculation of Spatial Frequency Response as well providing a noise floor. The testing procedures described herein are being developed as part of a suite of tests to be incorporated into a performance standard covering thermal imaging cameras for first responders. C1 [Lock, Andrew; Amon, Francine] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lock, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.lock@nist.gov RI Lock, Andrew/C-5105-2008 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7132-1 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6941 AR 694114 DI 10.1117/12.779276 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHX64 UT WOS:000257247300035 ER PT S AU Fraser, GT Brown, SW Datla, RU Johnson, BC Lykke, KR Rice, JP AF Fraser, G. T. Brown, S. W. Datla, R. U. Johnson, B. C. Lykke, K. R. Rice, J. P. BE Strojnik, M TI Measurement science for climate remote sensing SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Instrumentation CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE climate change; measurement science; metrology; remote sensing ID RADIANCE RESPONSIVITY; SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; CALIBRATION; RADIOMETER; NIST AB The NIST role in supporting our Nation's climate research is described. The assembly of climate data records over decadal time scales requires assimilating readings from a large number of optical sensors deployed in space and on the Earth by various nations. NIST, in partnership with NASA and NOAA, develops and disseminates the calibration tools and standards to ensure that the measurements from these sensors are accurate, comparable, and tied to international standards based on the SI system of units. This effort helps to provide confidence that the small decadal changes in environmental variables attributed to climate change are not an artifact of the measurement system. Additionally, it ensures that the measurements are physics based and thus comparable to climate models. C1 [Fraser, G. T.; Brown, S. W.; Datla, R. U.; Johnson, B. C.; Lykke, K. R.; Rice, J. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fraser, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7302-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7082 BP XI EP XXII AR 708102 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR86 UT WOS:000262361900001 ER PT S AU Datla, R AF Datla, Raju BE Strojnik, M TI Best Practice for Pre-Launch Characterization and Calibration of Instruments for Remote Sensing SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Instrumentation CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE ID SPECTRAL IRRADIANCE; TRANSFER RADIOMETER; NIST C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Datla, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7302-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7082 AR 70820V DI 10.1117/12.798174 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR86 UT WOS:000262361900023 ER PT S AU Kaplan, SG Iglesias, EJ Hanssen, LM AF Kaplan, Simon G. Iglesias, Enrique J. Hanssen, Leonard M. BE Strojnik, M TI Angle-dependent infrared reflectance measurements in support of VIIRS SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Instrumentation CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE infrared; optical coatings; polarization; radiometry; reflectance ID TRANSMITTANCE AB We have developed a goniometric reflectometer using a Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer source for polarized reflectance measurements from 1 mu m to 20 mu m wavelength at angles of incidence from 10 degrees, to 80 degrees, with an incident beam geometry of approximately f/25. Measurements are performed in either absolute mode, or relative to a reference mirror that has been calibrated at near-normal incidence using an integrating sphere-based reflectometer. Uncertainties in the 0.2 % to 0.5 %, range are achieved using a photoconductive 77 K InSb detector from 1 mu m to 5 mu m and a 12 K Si:As BIB detector from 2 mu m to 20 mu m. The performance of the system has been tested using dielectric materials such as Si as well as high-quality All mirrors. We describe measurements of SiO(x)-coated Ag mirrors to assess their performance for such applications as the half-angle mirror (HAM) in the VIIRS optical scanning system. Various coatings are analyzed to help assess the effect of p-polarized absorption bands at angles of incidence from 10 degrees to 65 degrees and wavelengths between 3 mu m and 13 mu m. C1 [Kaplan, Simon G.; Iglesias, Enrique J.; Hanssen, Leonard M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kaplan, SG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7302-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7082 AR 70820X DI 10.1117/12.798263 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR86 UT WOS:000262361900024 ER PT S AU Polyakov, SV Schettini, V Degiovanni, IP Piacentini, F Brida, G Migdall, A AF Polyakov, S. V. Schettini, V. Degiovanni, I. P. Piacentini, F. Brida, G. Migdall, A. BE Strojnik, M TI Improved multiplexed infrared single photon detectors SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XVI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Instrumentation CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE photon counting; detector; down-conversion; correlated photons; statistical methods; multiplexing; infrared AB We discuss a scheme for a photon-counting detection system that overcomes the difficulties of photon-counting at high rates at telecom wavelengths. Our method uses an array of N detectors and a 1-by-N optical switch with a control circuit to direct input light to live detectors. We conclude that in addition to detection deadtime reduction, the multiplexed switch also reduces so-called trigger deadtime, common to infrared photon counting detectors. By implementing the new algorithm we obtain an overall deadtime reduction of a factor of 5 when using just N=2 multiplexed detectors. In addition to deadtime reduction, our scheme reduces afterpulsing and background counts (such as dark counts). We present experimental results showing the advantage Of Our system as compared to passive multi-detector detection systems and our previous active multiplexing system that only reduced detection deadtime. C1 [Polyakov, S. V.; Migdall, A.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Polyakov, SV (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM spoly@nist.gov NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7302-8 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 7082 AR 70820S DI 10.1117/12.797376 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR86 UT WOS:000262361900020 ER PT S AU Zeng, J Hanssen, L AF Zeng, Jinan Hanssen, Leonard BE Strojnik, M TI Calibration of the spectral radiant power responsivity of windowed pyroelectric radiometers from 785 nm to 14 mu m SO INFRARED SPACEBORNE REMOTE SENSING AND INSTRUMENTATION XVI SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference on Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing and Instrumentation CY AUG 11-13, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Pyroelectric radiometer with KRS5 window; spectral radiant power responsivity; absolute cryogenic radiometer; domed pyroelectric transfer standard; OPO tunable laser; stabilized CO(2) laser; FTIR; detector absorptance ID TRANSMITTANCE; REFLECTANCE AB As part of the optical detector characterization program at the Optical Technology Division at NIST, we have established a capability for the calibration of spectral radiant power responsivity in the infrared from 785 run to 14 Pm. We have used our facilities to characterize two commercial pyroelectric radiometers with KRS5 windows. The calibration methodology consists of the determination of the responsivity at single wavelength tie points together with relative spectral responsivity measurements. Responsivity tie points at 785, 1064, 1320, 1600, 2000 and 10600 nm are obtained against the NIST ACR-L1 absolute cryogenic radiometer as well as a domed pyroelectric transfer standard, using an OPO tunable laser and a stabilized CO(2) laser as sources. The spatial variation of the responsivity of the test radiometers has also been measured. This enables us to minimize the uncertainties due to interference fringes from the KRS5 window. The relative spectral responsivity curves for the two radiometers are obtained indirectly through measurement of the detector absorptance with an FTIR-based integrating sphere reflectometer. In order to obtain the actual absorptance at the detector from the reflectance measurements, an individual KRS5 window and a bare detector were also measured. The results are compared and the uncertainty budgets will be discussed. C1 [Zeng, Jinan; Hanssen, Leonard] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zeng, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jzeng@gnist.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7302-8 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7082 AR 70820Y DI 10.1117/12.799665 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing; Optics GA BIR86 UT WOS:000262361900025 ER PT S AU Eppeldauer, GP Zeng, J Yoon, HW AF Eppeldauer, G. P. Zeng, J. Yoon, H. W. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Low NEP pyroelectric radiometer standards SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXIV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE detectors; frequency compensation; infrared measurement; NEP; pyroelectric detector; radiant power; signal-gain; signal-to-noise ratio; spectral responsivity; temperature coefficient of responsivity AB Verification of the low measurement uncertainty of a group of eight newly developed pyroelectric detectors at the output of a traditional monochromator is described. The frequency compensated hybrid detector-amplifier packages have fixed 10(10) ohm feedback resistors. The characterizations verified that the 3 dB upper roll-off frequencies of the signal-gain curves are close to 100 Hz and the temperature coefficient of responsivity is 0.14 %/degrees C. The hybrid packages were tested for noise performance in the f/8 beam of a grating monochromator between 900 nm and 2.7 mu m. The monochromator output beam-power, the output signal, and the output noise of the hybrid packages were measured and compared. The NEPs were between 3.3 nW/Hz(1/2) and 10 nW/Hz(1/2). The relative standard uncertainty of the noise measurements was 20 % (k=1). The noise tests were utilized to select hybrid packages with NEPs that are one order of magnitude lower than that of traditional pyroelectric detectors and current-amplifiers. The power responsivity of one hybrid was calibrated against an absolute cryogenic radiometer. With this detector, the measured signal-to-noise ratios were higher than 400 between 1.1 mu m and 2.1 mu m and 250 at 2.5 mu m using a lock-in integrating time-constant of 1 s. The noise test results show that using a hybrid detector with an NEP equal to the group average of about 6 nW/Hz(1/2) spectral responsivity measurements with a relative standard uncertainty of 0.2 % to 0.4 % (k=1) can be achieved. C1 [Eppeldauer, G. P.; Zeng, J.; Yoon, H. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Eppeldauer, GP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7131-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6940 AR 694036 DI 10.1117/12.776940 PN 1-2 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHW85 UT WOS:000257109000104 ER PT S AU Yoon, HW Eppeldauer, GP Khromchenko, VB AF Yoon, Howard W. Eppeldauer, George P. Khromchenko, Vladimir B. BE Andresen, BF Fulop, GF Norton, PR TI Infrared collimator calibrations using regular glass optics and short-wave infrared detectors SO INFRARED TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS XXXIV, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 34th Conference on Infrared Technology and Applications CY MAR 17-20, 2008 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE infrared collimators; glass optics; thermal radiation; short-wave infrared AB Short-wave infrared detectors and regular-glass optics are used to construct a calibrator for infrared collimators. The advantages of using short-wave infrared detectors with thermo-electric cooling instead of cryogenically-cooled infrared detectors are shown. Diffraction-limited imaging is obtained using off-the-shelf achromats for rejection of stray radiation and for collection of the thermal radiation. The design of a prototype calibrator is shown and the noise-equivalent irradiances (NEI) are determined using a separately calibrated, off-axis infrared collimator. The measured NEI of 7 fW/cm(2) demonstrates at least several orders of magnitude better performance than existing infrared calibrators. C1 [Yoon, Howard W.; Eppeldauer, George P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yoon, HW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7131-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2008 VL 6940 AR 694038 DI 10.1117/12.783771 PN 1-2 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Applied; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Optics; Physics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA BHW85 UT WOS:000257109000106 ER PT S AU Churnside, AB King, GM Carter, AR Perkins, TT AF Churnside, Allison B. King, Gavin M. Carter, Ashley R. Perkins, Thomas T. BE Postek, MT Allgair, JA TI Improved performance of an ultrastable measurement platform using a field-programmable gate array for real-time, deterministic control SO Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology and Standards for Nanomanufacturing II CY AUG 10, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, NIST DE Optical traps; optical tweezers; atomic force microscopy; scanning probe microscopy ID OPTICAL MICROSCOPE; SINGLE-MOLECULE; MOTION AB Many precision measurement techniques (e.g. scanning probe microscopy, optical tweezers) are limited by sample drift. This is particularly true at room temperature in air or in liquid. Previously, we developed a general solution for sample control in three dimensions (3D) by first measuring the position of the sample and then using this position in a feedback loop to move a piezo-electric stage accordingly (Carter et al., Optics Express, 2007). In that work, feedback was performed using a software-based data acquisition program with limited bandwidth (<= 100 Hz). By implementing feedback through a field programmable gate array (FPGA), we achieved real-time, deterministic control and increased the feedback rate to 500 Hz - half the resonance frequency of the piezo-electric stage in the feedback loop. This better control led to a three-fold improvement in lateral stability to 10 pm (Delta f = 0.01-10 Hz). Furthermore, we exploited the rapid signal processing of FPGA to achieve fast stepping rates coupled with highly accurate and orthogonal scanning. C1 [Churnside, Allison B.; King, Gavin M.; Carter, Ashley R.; Perkins, Thomas T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Churnside, AB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM tperkins@jila.colorado.edu OI Perkins, Thomas/0000-0003-4826-9490 NR 15 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7262-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7042 AR 704205 DI 10.1117/12.795700 PG 7 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIS96 UT WOS:000262476400005 ER PT S AU Lyons, KW Postek, MT AF Lyons, Kevin W. Postek, Michael T. BE Postek, MT Allgair, JA TI Metrology at the Nanoscale: What are the Grand Challenges? SO Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology and Standards for Nanomanufacturing II CY AUG 10, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, NIST DE Nanomanufacturing; Integration; Instrumentation; Interoperability; Standards; Nanometrology; Information Technologies; IT; Information Management AB Nanometrology provides the means to measure and characterize nanometer scale process and product performance and covers an expanse of topics including instrumentation, measurement methods (off-line and in-process applications), and standards. To meet the needs of the emerging integrated manufacturing community it is important that research on scale-up of nanotechnology for high-rate production, reliability, robustness, yield, efficiency and cost issues for manufactured products and services be pursued. To achieve this, new research directions must include a systems approach that encompasses the characterization of instrumentation, three dimensional metrology, and production-hardened metrology. To illustrate the value of metrology and the role of standards to facilitate product realization, a number of National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) sponsored workshops have been organized. This paper provides an overview of some key findings and recommendations identified at two nanomanufacturing workshops held in 2004 and 2006 that were focused on metrology, instrumentation, and standards. C1 [Lyons, Kevin W.; Postek, Michael T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lyons, KW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7262-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7042 AR 704202 DI 10.1117/12.798004 PG 13 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIS96 UT WOS:000262476400002 ER PT S AU Orji, NG Dixson, RG Bunday, BD Allgair, JA AF Orji, N. G. Dixson, R. G. Bunday, B. D. Allgair, J. A. BE Postek, MT Allgair, JA TI Accuracy Considerations for Critical Dimension Semiconductor Metrology SO Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology and Standards for Nanomanufacturing II CY AUG 10, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, NIST DE CD-AFM; Accuracy; reference measurement system; critical dimensions ID CMOS TECHNOLOGY NODE; CD-AFM; SPECIFICATIONS; METHODOLOGIES; UNCERTAINTY; MICROSCOPY AB Due to greater emphasis on precision than accuracy, many of the measurements made in semiconductor fabrication facilities are not traceable to the SI (Systeme International d'Unites or International System of Units) unit of length. However as the feature sizes of integrated circuits decrease and the use of lithography models becomes more prevalent, the need for accuracy cannot be overemphasized. In response, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in conjunction with SEMATECH has developed a reference measurement system (RMS) that can be used to provide accurate measurements for inline metrology tools. The RMS is a critical dimension atomic force microscope (CD-AFM) with traceability to the SI meter. In this paper we present a set of strategies for achieving accuracy for different types of measurands within an RMS and examine several important factors when selecting reference instruments. We also present results of a recent evaluation of linewidth and height using two CD-AFMs and a calibrated AFM with displacement interferometry in all three axes. We further look at the stability of tips such as carbon nanotubes. C1 [Orji, N. G.; Dixson, R. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. RP Orji, NG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. NR 26 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7262-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7042 AR 70420A DI 10.1117/12.796372 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIS96 UT WOS:000262476400010 ER PT S AU Postek, MT Vladar, A Dagata, J Farkas, N Ming, B Sabo, R Wegner, TH Beecher, J AF Postek, Michael T. Vladar, Andras Dagata, John Farkas, Natalia Ming, Bin Sabo, Ronald Wegner, Theodore H. Beecher, James BE Postek, MT Allgair, JA TI Cellulose Nanocrystals the Next Big Nano-thing? SO Instrumentation, Metrology, and Standards for Nanomanufacturing II SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Instrumentation, Metrology and Standards for Nanomanufacturing II CY AUG 10, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE, NIST DE Cellulose; nanofibers; nanocrystal; microscopy; standards; metrology; measurement ID WHISKERS AB Biomass surrounds us from the smallest alga to the largest redwood tree. Even the largest trees owe their strength to a newly-appreciated class of nanomaterials known as cellulose nanocrystals (CNC). Cellulose, the world's most abundant natural, renewable, biodegradable polymer, occurs as whisker like microfibrils that are biosynthesized and deposited in plant material in a continuous fashion. Therefore, the basic raw materials for a future of new nanomaterials breakthroughs already abound in the environment and are available to be utilized in an array of future materials once the manufacturing processes and nanometrology are fully developed. This presentation will discuss some of the instrumentation, metrology and standards issues associated with nanomanufacturing of cellulose nanocrystals. The use of lignocellulosic fibers derived from sustainable, annually renewable resources as a reinforcing phase in polymeric matrix composites provides positive environmental benefits with respect to ultimate disposability and raw material use. Today we lack the essential metrology infrastructure that would enable the manufacture of nanotechnology-based products based on CNCs (or other new nanomaterial) to significantly impact the U.S. economy. The basic processes common to manufacturing-qualification of raw materials, continuous synthesis methods, process monitoring and control, in-line and off-line characterization of product for quality control purposes, validation by standard reference materials-are not generally in place for nanotechnology based products, and thus are barriers to innovation. One advantage presented by the study of CNCs is that, unlike other nanomaterials, at least, cellulose nanocrystal manufacturing is already a sustainable and viable bulk process. Literally tons of cellulose nanocrystals can be generated each day, producing other viable byproducts such as glucose (for alternative fuel) and gypsum (for buildings). There is an immediate need for the development of the basic manufacturing metrology infrastructure to implement fundamental best practices for manufacturing and in the determination of properties for these for nanoscale materials and the resultant products. C1 [Postek, Michael T.; Vladar, Andras; Dagata, John; Farkas, Natalia; Ming, Bin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Postek, MT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 16 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7262-5 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7042 AR 70420D DI 10.1117/12.797575 PG 11 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIS96 UT WOS:000262476400013 ER PT J AU Burton, BP Tinte, S Cockayne, E Waghmare, UV AF Burton, B. P. Tinte, Silvia Cockayne, Eric Waghmare, U. V. TI The Effect of Nearest Neighbor [Pb-O] Divacancy Pairs on the Ferroelectric-Relaxor Transition in Nano-Ordered Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O-3 SO INTEGRATED FERROELECTRICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Ferroelectricity and Piezoelectricity held at the 15th International Materials Research Congress (IMRC) CY AUG 20-24, 2006 CL Cancun, MEXICO DE PSN; relaxor ferroelectric; lead vacancies; oxygen vacancies; phase transitions; random fields ID TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; LEAD SCANDIUM TANTALATE; WAVE BASIS-SET; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES; METALS AB Molecular dynamics simulations were performed on a first-principles-based effective Hamiltonians for chemically short-range ordered Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O-3 with nearest neighbor [Pb-O] divacancy pairs. The divacancy-concentration (X[Pb-O]) vs. temperature phase diagram was calculated, and it is topologically equivalent to the hydrostatic pressure (P) vs. temperature diagram: a ferroelectric ground-state phase at low X[Pb-O] (P); that transforms to a relaxor paraelectric phase at moderate X[Pb-O] (P); followed by a crossover to a normal paraelectric phase at high X[Pb-O](P). C1 [Burton, B. P.; Tinte, Silvia; Cockayne, Eric] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Waghmare, U. V.] JNCASR, J Nehru Theoret Sci Unit, Bangalore 560064, Karnataka, India. RP Burton, BP (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM benjamin.burton@nist.gov NR 26 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1058-4587 J9 INTEGR FERROELECTR JI Integr. Ferroelectr. PY 2008 VL 101 BP 37 EP 43 DI 10.1080/10584580802451439 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Engineering; Physics GA 387HI UT WOS:000261941900006 ER PT S AU Miller, BR Youssef, A AF Miller, Bruce R. Youssef, Abdou BE Autexier, S Campbell, J Rubio, J Sorge, V Suzuki, M Wiedijk, F TI Augmenting presentation MathML for search SO INTELLIGENT COMPUTER MATHEMATICS, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Int Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Symbol Computat/15th Symposium on Integrat of Symbol Computat and Mechanized Res/7th Int Conference on Math Knowledge Management CY JUL 28-AUG 01, 2008 CL Birmingham, ENGLAND AB The ubiquity of text search is both a boon and bane for the quest for math search. A bane in that user's expectations are high regarding accuracy, in-context highlighting and similar features. Yet also a boon with the availability of highly evolved search engine libraries, Youssef has previously shown how an appropriate 'textualization' of mathematics into an indexable form allows standard text search engines to be applied. Furthermore, given sufficiently semantic source forms for the math, such as (LTEX)-T-A or Content MathML, the indexed form can be enhanced by co-locating synonyms, aliases and other metadata, thus increasing the accuracy and richness of expression. Unfortunately, Content MathML is not always available, and the conversion from (LTEX)-T-A to Presentation MathML (pMML) is too complex to carry out on the fly. Thus, one loses the ability to provide query-specific, fine-grained highlighting within the pMML displayed in search results to the user. Where semantic information is available, however, such as for pMML generated from a richer representation, we propose augmenting the generated pMML with those semantics from which synonyms and other metadata can be reintroduced. Thus, in this paper, we aim to have both the high accuracy introduced by semantics while still obtaining fine-grained highlighting. C1 [Miller, Bruce R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Youssef, Abdou] George Washington Univ, Dept comp sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. RP Miller, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bruce.miller@nist.gov; ayoussef@gwu.edu NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-540-85109-7 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2008 VL 5144 BP 536 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Mathematics SC Computer Science; Mathematics GA BIC46 UT WOS:000258392600042 ER PT S AU Chu, JY Wang, QD Lehan, JP Gao, GJ Griesmann, U AF Chu, Jiyoung Wang, Quandou Lehan, John P. Gao, Guangjun Griesmann, Ulf BE Novak, EL Osten, W Gorecki, C TI Measuring the Phase Transfer Function of a Phase-Shifting Interferometer SO Interferometry XIV: Applications SE PROCEEDINGS OF THE SOCIETY OF PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS (SPIE) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Interferometry XIV: Applications CY AUG 13-14, 2008 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Modulation transfer function; height transfer function; interferometer; lithography AB In characterizing the performance of a phase-shifting interferometer, the dependence of the measured height on the spatial frequency is rarely considered. We describe a test mirror with a special height relief that can be used to measure the height transfer function for the interferometer in a fashion analogous to the measurement of the modulation transfer function for the optical imaging system. We fabricated the test mirror at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) using a lithography-based process. The test mirror has several patterns (reminiscent of moth antennae) with variable spacing in radial direction. We describe the fabrication of the test mirror and its application to test the performance of the interferometer. C1 [Chu, Jiyoung; Wang, Quandou; Gao, Guangjun; Griesmann, Ulf] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chu, JY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7284-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2008 VL 7064 AR 70640C DI 10.1117/12.795243 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Optics GA BIS87 UT WOS:000262474500010 ER PT B AU Carlson, A Badikov, S Chen, ZP Gai, E Hale, G Hambsch, FJ Hofmann, H Kawano, T Larson, N Oh, SY Pronyaev, V Smith, D Tagesen, S Vonach, H AF Carlson, Allan Badikov, Sergey Chen Zhenpeng Gai, Evgenij Hale, Gerald Hambsch, Franz-Josef Hofmann, Hartmut Kawano, Toshihiko Larson, Nancy Oh, Soo-Youl Pronyaev, Vladimir Smith, Donald Tagesen, Siegfried Vonach, Herbert BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI An international neutron cross section standards evaluation SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB A new evaluation of the neutron cross section standards was recently completed. The results of this work became the standards for the new ENDF/B-VII library. This evaluation was performed to include new experiments on the standards that have been made since the ENDF/B-VI standards evaluation was completed and to improve the evaluation process. The evaluations include the H(n,n), Li-6(n,t), B-10(n,alpha), B-10(n,alpha(1)gamma), Au-197(n,gamma), U-235(n,f), and U-238(n,f) standard reactions. Evaluations were not done for the He-3(n,p) and C(n,n) standards which were carried over from ENDF/B-VI. The need for standards above 20 MeV led to the extension of the U-235(n,f) and U-238(n,f) cross sections to 200 MeV. In addition evaluations were produced for the non-standard U-238(n,gamma) and Pu-239(n,f) reactions. Results of this work and comparisons with previous evaluations are presented. C1 [Carlson, Allan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr MS 8463, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pronyaev, Vladimir] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Russia. [Smith, Donald] Argonne Natl Lab, Coronado, CA 92118 USA. [Larson, Nancy] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen Zhenpeng] Tsinghua Univ, Dept Phys, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Hale, Gerald; Kawano, Toshihiko] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hambsch, Franz-Josef] Commiss European Communities, Joint Res Ctr, Inst Reference Materials & Measurement, Neutron Phy Unit, B-2440 Geel, Belgium. [Oh, Soo-Youl] Korea Atomic Energy Res Inst, HANARO Ctr, Yuseong 305600, Daejeon, South Korea. [Badikov, Sergey] Cent Res Inst Management Econom & Informat, Moscow 127434, Russia. [Hofmann, Hartmut] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Theoret Phys III, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Tagesen, Siegfried; Vonach, Herbert] Univ Vienna, Inst Isotoperes & Nuclearphys, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. RP Carlson, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr MS 8463, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlson@nist.gov NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1233 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07139 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000123 ER PT B AU Boukharouba, N Massey, TN Haight, RC Grimes, SM Carter, DE Carlson, AD Brient, CE Bateman, FB AF Boukharouba, Nourredine Massey, Thomas N. Haight, Robert C. Grimes, Steven M. Carter, Donald E. Carlson, Allan D. Brient, Charles E. Bateman, Fred B. BE Bersillon, O Gunsing, F Bauge, E Jacqmin, R Leray, S TI A new measurement of the H(n,n)H elastic scattering angular distribution at 14.9 MeV SO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON NUCLEAR DATA FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, VOL 2, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Nuclear Data for Science and Technology CY APR 22-27, 2007 CL Nice, FRANCE SP CEA, OECD Nucl Energy Agcy AB The relative angular distribution of the scattering of neutrons by protons was measured at E-n = 14.9 MeV neutron energy for center-of-mass scattering angles ranging from 60 degrees to 180 degrees. Absolute angular distribution values were obtained by normalizing the measured line shape to the accurately known n-p total cross section. Initial assessment indicates a somewhat better agreement of the data with the predictions of Arndt and Nijmegen than with the ENDF/B-VII.0 evaluation. C1 [Boukharouba, Nourredine] Univ Guelma, Dept Phys, Guelma 24000, Algeria. [Massey, Thomas N.; Grimes, Steven M.; Brient, Charles E.] Ohio Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Haight, Robert C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Carter, Donald E.] Ohio Univ, Inst Nuclear & Practicle Phys, Athens, OH 45701 USA. [Carlson, Allan D.; Bateman, Fred B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boukharouba, N (reprint author), Univ Guelma, Dept Phys, Guelma 24000, Algeria. EM nboukhar@yahoo.fr NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU E D P SCIENCES PI CEDEX A PA 17 AVE DU HOGGAR PARC D ACTIVITES COUTABOEUF BP 112, F-91944 CEDEX A, FRANCE BN 978-2-7598-0091-9 PY 2008 BP 1247 EP + DI 10.1051/ndata:07625 PG 2 WC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Applied; Physics, Nuclear SC Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA BKN35 UT WOS:000268672000126 ER PT J AU Jang, J Jeong, B Kulvatunyou, B Chang, J Cho, H AF Jang, J. Jeong, B. Kulvatunyou, B. Chang, J. Cho, H. TI Discovering and integrating distributed manufacturing services with semantic manufacturing capability profiles SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMPUTER INTEGRATED MANUFACTURING LA English DT Article DE distributed manufacturing; manufacturing capability pro. le; manufacturing ontology; manufacturing service; semantic matchmaking; service discovery; UDDI AB Integrating distributed manufacturing systems is a longstanding dream of industrial engineers. The advent of internet technologies has provided opportunities to fulfill this dream, and has presented new challenges to overcome. Since most current internet technologies (e.g. SOA, web service) originated in business applications, it is difficult to apply them directly to manufacturing systems. The difficulties stem particularly from differences in meaning and usage of manufacturing terms and an inability to express semantic information about manufacturing services. The present paper aims to extend the universal description, discovery, and integration (UDDI) registry specification to include semantic descriptions about manufacturing services and to support reasoning of those descriptions for service discovery. Specifically, we provide OWL-based definitions for manufacturing service capability profiles and a description logic (DL)-based reasoning procedure for matching queries to service descriptions. An illustrative process is presented with a prototype implementation for a discrete part manufacturing case. C1 [Jang, J.; Jeong, B.; Cho, H.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ind & Management Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Kulvatunyou, B.] NIST, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chang, J.] Korea Inst Elect Commerce, Text Ctr 6F, Seoul 135713, South Korea. RP Jeong, B (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Ind & Management Engn, San 31, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM bjeong@postech.ac.kr RI Cho, Hyunbo/F-6973-2013 NR 22 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 9 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0951-192X J9 INT J COMPUT INTEG M JI Int. J. Comput. Integr. Manuf. PY 2008 VL 21 IS 6 BP 631 EP 646 DI 10.1080/09511920701350920 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 339PR UT WOS:000258590000002 ER PT J AU Vaida, V Feierabend, KJ Rontu, N Takahashi, K AF Vaida, Veronica Feierabend, Karl J. Rontu, Nabilah Takahashi, Kaito TI Sunlight-initiated photochemistry: Excited vibrational states of atmospheric chromophores SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHOTOENERGY LA English DT Review ID QUADRATIC CONFIGURATION-INTERACTION; RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; MODE OVERTONE SPECTRA; UNIMOLECULAR REACTION DYNAMICS; INFRARED ACTION SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULAR-ORBITAL METHODS; COUPLED-CLUSTER SINGLES; SULFURIC-ACID VAPOR; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; STRETCHING OVERTONE AB Atmospheric chemical reactions are often initiated by ultraviolet (UV) solar radiation since absorption in that wavelength range coincides to typical chemical bond energies. In this review, we present an alternative process by which chemical reactions occur with the excitation of vibrational levels in the ground electronic state by red solar photons. We focus on the O-H vibrational manifold which can be an atmospheric chromophore for driving vibrationally mediated overtone-induced chemical reactions. Experimental and theoretical O-H intensities of several carboxylic acids, alcohols, and peroxides are presented. The importance of combination bands in spectra at chemically relevant energies is examined in the context of atmospheric photochemistry. Candidate systems for overtone-initiated chemistry are provided, and their lowest energy barrier for reaction and the minimum quanta of O-H stretch required for reaction are calculated. We conclude with a discussion of the major pathways available for overtone-induced reactions in the atmosphere. Copyright (C) 2008 Veronica Vaida et al. C1 [Vaida, Veronica; Feierabend, Karl J.; Rontu, Nabilah; Takahashi, Kaito] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Feierabend, Karl J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Vaida, V (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Campus Box 215, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM vaida@colorado.edu RI Takahashi, Kaito/F-7919-2012; Vaida, Veronica/N-6069-2014 OI Vaida, Veronica/0000-0001-5863-8056 NR 162 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 5 U2 24 PU HINDAWI PUBLISHING CORPORATION PI NEW YORK PA 410 PARK AVENUE, 15TH FLOOR, #287 PMB, NEW YORK, NY 10022 USA SN 1110-662X EI 1687-529X J9 INT J PHOTOENERGY JI Int. J. Photoenergy PY 2008 AR 138091 DI 10.1155/2008/138091 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Energy & Fuels; Optics; Physics GA 332GH UT WOS:000258070100001 ER PT J AU Salazar, L Kogan, F Roytman, L AF Salazar, L. Kogan, F. Roytman, L. TI Using vegetation health indices and partial least squares method for estimation of corn yield SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; NEAR-INFRARED CHANNELS; NDVI TIME-SERIES; CROP YIELD; AVHRR-NDVI; POSTLAUNCH CALIBRATION; NOAA-14 SPACECRAFT; UNITED-STATES; AREA INDEX; CLIMATE AB In this paper the possibility of predicting corn yield by the use of real time acquired satellite data from the Advance Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) sensor and Partial Least Squares (PLS) method was investigated. To test the methodology in practice, 23 years (1982-2004) of AVHRR data together with official corn yield statistics of Haskell County, Kansas, USA, were used for model development and validation. The AVHRR reflectances in the visible and thermal bands, extracted from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/NESDIS archive, were transformed into Vegetation Health (VH) Indices (Vegetation Condition Index (VCI) and Temperature Condition Index (TCI)). The PLS method was used to construct a model relating corn yield anomaly with VH indices. Independent model verification showed that the error of corn yield prediction in Haskell County, Kansas, USA, was less than 6%. For several reasons this approach could have excellent potential as a commercial application: satellite data are inexpensive, easily available and yield estimates can be known two to three months before harvest has been completed. C1 [Salazar, L.; Roytman, L.] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Kogan, F.] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20276 USA. RP Salazar, L (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM lsalazar@gc.cuny.edu RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X NR 62 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 8 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 1 BP 175 EP 189 DI 10.1080/01431160701271974 PG 15 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 251BR UT WOS:000252346100011 ER PT J AU Gan, XL Huang, WG Li, XF Chen, XJ Lou, XL Zhao, ZX Yang, JS Shi, AQ AF Gan, X. L. Huang, W. G. Li, X. F. Chen, X. J. Lou, X. L. Zhao, Z. X. Yang, J. S. Shi, A. Q. TI Coastally trapped atmospheric gravity waves on SAR, AVHRR and MODIS images SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE-RADAR; INERTIAL INTERNAL WAVES; LEE WAVES; EAST SEA AB Alternative dark-bright patterns on two ENVISAT Advanced Synthetic Aperture Radar (ASAR) images of the east coast of the Korean Peninsula acquired on 18 and 19 May 2004 are interpreted as atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) on the basis of simultaneous multi-satellite observations and atmospheric gravity wave theory. The AGWs appeared in the form of a wave packet containing several waves located between 50 and 200 km offshore. The wavelengths were ranging from 13 to 20 km. The lengths of AGW crests were from 20 to 150 km. An NOAA-17 pass was received about 30 min after the ASAR pass. Its channel 4 infrared (IR) image clearly shows wave-like moisture patterns. However, the sea surface temperature (SST) image derived after applying nonlinear calibration and split-window atmospheric correction shows no wave patterns. A daytime true-colour MODIS image taken about 14h later still shows a cloud band of same AGWs, indicating the lifespan of the standing AGWs can be over half a day. Although oceanic internal waves (IWs) may also cause similar wave patterns imaged by spaceborne SAR as they modulate the ocean surface roughness, we provide evidence to eliminate this possibility in this case. The characteristics of satellite observed AGWs are in good agreement with these simulated by a linear coastal AGW model. C1 [Gan, X. L.; Huang, W. G.; Lou, X. L.; Yang, J. S.; Shi, A. Q.] State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 2, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, Hangzhou 310012, Peoples R China. [Li, X. F.] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Chen, X. J.] Shanghai Fisheries Univ, Joint Ctr Ocean Remote Sensing & Living Marine Re, Shanghai 200090, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Z. X.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Gan, XL (reprint author), State Ocean Adm, Inst Oceanog 2, State Key Lab Satellite Ocean Environm Dynam, 36 N Baochu Rd, Hangzhou 310012, Peoples R China. EM gaxlin@sohu.com RI Zhao, Zhongxiang/A-1918-2012; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 6 BP 1621 EP 1634 DI 10.1080/01431160701395260 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 269NC UT WOS:000253654800002 ER PT J AU Wu, A Xiong, X Cao, C AF Wu, A. Xiong, X. Cao, C. TI Terra and Aqua MODIS inter-comparison of three reflective solar bands using AVHRR onboard the NOAA-KLM satellites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; SURFACE ALBEDO; 12-MU-M BANDS; CHANNELS; EARTH; SPECTROMETER; PERFORMANCE; 11-MU-M; SYSTEM; MODEL AB Cross-sensor inter-comparison is important to assess calibration quality and consistency and ensure continuity of observational datasets. This study conducts an inter-comparison of Terra and Aqua MODIS (the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) to examine the overall calibration consistency of the reflective solar bands. Observations obtained from AVHRR (the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) onboard the NOAA-KLM series of satellites are used as a transfer radiometer to examine three MODIS bands at 0.65 (visible), 0.85 (near-IR) and 1.64m (far near-IR) that match spectrally with AVHRR channels. Coincident events are sampled at a frequency of about once per month with each containing at least 3000pixel-by-pixel matched data points. Multiple AVHRR sensors on-board NOAA-15 to 18 satellites are used to check the repeatability of the Terra/Aqua MODIS inter-comparison results. The same approach applied in previous studies is used with defined criteria to generate coincident and co-located near nadir MODIS and AVHRR pixel pairs matched in footprint. Terra and Aqua MODIS to AVHRR reflectance ratios are derived from matched pixel pairs with the same AVHRR used as a transfer radiometer. The ratio differences between Terra and Aqua MODIS/AVHRR give an indication of the calibration biases between the two MODIS instruments. Effects due to pixel footprint mismatch, band spectral differences and surface and atmospheric bi-directional reflectance distributions (BRDFs) are discussed. Trending results from 2002 to 2006 show that Terra and Aqua MODIS reflectances agree with each other within 2% for the three reflective solar bands. C1 [Cao, C.] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Xiong, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Earth Sci Directorate, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wu, A.] Sci & Syst Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Cao, C (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM aisheng_wu@ssaihq.com RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 7 BP 1997 EP 2010 DI 10.1080/01431160701355272 PG 14 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279HJ UT WOS:000254346000010 ER PT J AU Plokhenko, Y Menzel, WP Revercomb, HE Borbas, E Antonelli, P Weisz, E AF Plokhenko, Youri Menzel, W. Paul Revercomb, Henry E. Borbas, Eva Antonelli, Paolo Weisz, Elisabeth TI Analysis of multispectral fields of satellite IR measurements: Using statistics of second spatial differential of spectral fields for measurement characterization SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID INFRARED SOUNDER AIRS; MATHEMATICAL ASPECTS; PRELAUNCH AB An approach using spatial analysis of satellite IR spectral measurements for quality assessment is presented. The second spatial differential is used as a model of measurement noise for spatially smooth radiative fields. Spatial differentiation significantly magnifies the noise contribution and reduces the physical signal amplitude because of differences in spatial distributions of instrument noise and atmospheric thermal fields. The second spatial differential represents a convenient and effective tool for numerical analysis of satellite IR measurements. This paper demonstrates that statistics of the second spatial differential are informative predictors for data-quality characterization. Statistics of the second spatial differential are used for identifying anomalies in spectral channel data caused by detector noise, sensitivity loss to spatial shortwave thermal variations, and spatially (temporally) correlated noise. C1 [Plokhenko, Youri; Borbas, Eva; Antonelli, Paolo; Weisz, Elisabeth] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Menzel, W. Paul] NOAA, NESDIS, Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Revercomb, Henry E.] Univ Wisconsin, SSEC, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Plokhenko, Y (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM yourip@ssec.wisc.edu RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 7 BP 2105 EP 2125 DI 10.1080/01431160701268988 PG 21 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 279HJ UT WOS:000254346000017 ER PT J AU Wynne, TT Stumpf, RP Tomlinson, MC Warner, RA Tester, PA Dyble, J Fahnenstiel, GL AF Wynne, T. T. Stumpf, R. P. Tomlinson, M. C. Warner, R. A. Tester, P. A. Dyble, J. Fahnenstiel, G. L. TI Relating spectral shape to cyanobacterial blooms in the Laurentian Great Lakes SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Letter ID RADIANCE SPECTRA; INLAND WATERS; CHLOROPHYLL-A; FLUORESCENCE; MICROCYSTIS; PHYCOCYANIN; PEAK; NM AB A change in the spectral shape at 681nm is used to distinguish blooms of cyanobacteria from blooms of other phytoplankton via MERIS satellite sensor imagery. During large cyanobacterial blooms, the spectral shape around 681nm is not a positive quantity as scattering due to cyanobacteria overwhelms the fluorescence signal, thus creating a negative spectral shape. This relationship is consistent in both remotely sensed and in situ data. C1 [Wynne, T. T.] IM Syst Grp Inc, Silver Spring, MD 20190 USA. [Stumpf, R. P.; Tomlinson, M. C.; Warner, R. A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20190 USA. [Tester, P. A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Dyble, J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Fahnenstiel, G. L.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Wynne, TT (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20190 USA. EM timothy.wynne@noaa.gov NR 14 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 12 BP 3665 EP 3672 DI 10.1080/01431160802007640 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 302WB UT WOS:000255999500017 ER PT J AU Grasso, LD Sengupta, M Dostalek, JF Brummer, R Demaria, M AF Grasso, Lewis D. Sengupta, Manajit Dostalek, John F. Brummer, Renate Demaria, Mark TI Synthetic satellite imagery for current and future environmental satellites SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; MODEL CLOUDS; PARAMETERIZATION; MODIS; MICROPHYSICS; SCATTERING; RETRIEVAL; SPACE AB During the next decade, data from a new generation of US geostationary and polar orbiting satellites will become available. To prepare for these data, representative imagery of these satellites is desirable. Two independent methods have been developed to create imagery from future satellites before they are placed into orbit. One method uses data from current operational and experimental satellites. Data obtained this way are referred to as simulated imagery. Another method generates satellite imagery by using numerical models. Data obtained by this method are referred to as synthetic imagery. Each method has some weaknesses that can be overcome by using both methods together. Synthetic imagery for two future US sensors is introduced in this paper. Emphasis is placed on a severe thunderstorm event. C1 [Grasso, Lewis D.; Sengupta, Manajit; Dostalek, John F.; Brummer, Renate] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Demaria, Mark] NOAA, NESDIS STAR RAMMB, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Grasso, LD (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM grasso@cira.colostate.edu RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010 NR 24 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 15 BP 4373 EP 4384 PG 12 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 337TA UT WOS:000258457200003 ER PT J AU Reale, A Tilley, F Ferguson, M Allegrino, A AF Reale, A. Tilley, F. Ferguson, M. Allegrino, A. TI NOAA operational sounding products for advanced TOVS SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER MODEL; ATMOSPHERIC-TEMPERATURE; SATELLITE MEASUREMENTS; WATER-VAPOR; RETRIEVAL; VALIDATION; ALGORITHMS; PROFILES; AIRS/AMSU/HSB AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service (NESDIS) operates a fleet of civilian, polar-orbiting, environmental satellites that provide users and researchers with a continuous suite of atmospheric and surface products on a global scale. The first advanced TIROS operational vertical sounder (ATOVS) radiometer configuration, onboard NOAA-15, was successfully launched into an early evening orbit on 13 May 1998. The ATOVS featured the new 13 channel advanced microwave sounding unit (AMSU) module A1, the 2 channel AMSU-A2 and 5 channel AMSU-B radiometers, which replaced the MSU and SSU, along with a similar HIRS and AVHRR instrument payload (Goodrun G., Kidwell, K.B. and Winston, W., 2000, NOAA-KLM users guide: September 2000 revision, Technical Document, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite Data and Information Service, National Climatic Data Center) that had been operational since 1979. The ATOVS onboard NOAA-16 was successfully launched into an afternoon orbit on 21 September 2000, followed by NOAA-17 into a late evening orbit on 24 June 2002, creating the first ever three-satellite constellation of operational polar satellites (ATOVS). The following report summarizes the online and offline scientific processing systems, respectively, for deriving the NESDIS operational ATOVS sounding products and presents a series of results for the unique three-operational-satellite configuration of NOAA-15, 16 and 17. Results focus on the value of the derived products in the analyses of global and regional scale weather, including direct comparisons against collocated numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecast and radiosonde data. The report is prefaced by a brief history of satellite weather products and concludes with future plans to meet expanding user requirements. C1 [Reale, A.] NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Tilley, F.] I M Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD USA. [Ferguson, M.] Raytheon ITSS, Landover, MD USA. [Allegrino, A.] Raytheon Informat Solut, Landover, MD USA. RP Reale, A (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM tony.reale@noaa.gov RI Reale, Tony/F-5621-2010; Allegrino, Rico/E-7939-2011 OI Reale, Tony/0000-0003-2150-5246; Allegrino, Rico/0000-0002-3468-5445 NR 87 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 16 BP 4615 EP 4651 PG 37 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 331FB UT WOS:000257997000002 ER PT J AU Ji, L Gallo, K Eidenshink, JC Dwyer, J AF Ji, L. Gallo, K. Eidenshink, J. C. Dwyer, J. TI Agreement evaluation of AVHRR and MODIS 16-day composite NDVI data sets SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MEAN FUNCTIONAL-RELATIONSHIP; CONTERMINOUS UNITED-STATES; LINEAR REGRESSIONS; VEGETATION INDEXES; ATMOSPHERIC CORRECTION; TIME-SERIES; FISHERY RESEARCH; SPOT-VEGETATION; SATELLITE DATA; LEAST-SQUARES AB Satellite-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data have been used extensively to detect and monitor vegetation conditions at regional and global levels. A combination of NDVI data sets derived from AVHRR and MODIS can be used to construct a long NDVI time series that may also be extended to VIIRS. Comparative analysis of NDVI data derived from AVHRR and MODIS is critical to understanding the data continuity through the time series. In this study, the AVHRR and MODIS 16-day composite NDVI products were compared using regression and agreement analysis methods. The analysis shows a high agreement between the AVHRR-NDVI and MODIS-NDVI observed from 2002 and 2003 for the conterminous United States, but the difference between the two data sets is appreciable. Twenty per cent of the total difference between the two data sets is due to systematic difference, with the remainder due to unsystematic difference. The systematic difference can be eliminated with a linear regression-based transformation between two data sets, and the unsystematic difference can be reduced partially by applying spatial filters to the data. We conclude that the continuity of NDVI time series from AVHRR to MODIS is satisfactory, but a linear transformation between the two sets is recommended. C1 [Ji, L.; Dwyer, J.] USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Gallo, K.] NOAA Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Eidenshink, J. C.] USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. RP Ji, L (reprint author), USGS Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sci Applicat Int Corp, 47914 252nd St, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. EM lji@usgs.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010; OI Dwyer, John/0000-0002-8281-0896 NR 58 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 11 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 16 BP 4839 EP 4861 PG 23 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 331FB UT WOS:000257997000013 ER PT J AU Xiong, X Wu, A Cao, C AF Xiong, X. Wu, A. Cao, C. TI On-orbit calibration and inter-comparison of Terra and Aqua MODIS surface temperature spectral bands SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd International Symposium on Recent Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing CY SEP 25-29, 2006 CL Torrent, SPAIN SP Univ Valencia, Global Change Unit, City Council Torrent, European Space Agcy, Natl Aeronaut & Space Adm, European Commiss, Spanish Minist Educ & Sci, Univ Sci Council Generalitat Valencian ID RADIOMETRIC CALIBRATION; 12-MU-M BANDS; VALIDATION; 11-MU-M AB Two moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments have been operating on board the NASA EOS Terra and Aqua spacecraft for 7 and 4.5 years, respectively. The MODIS is a cross-track scanning radiometer that collects data in 36 spectral bands with wavelengths from visible (VIS) to long-wave infrared (LWIR). MODIS thermal emissive bands (TEB) on-orbit calibration is performed using an on-board blackbody (BB). Bands 31 and 32, with centre wavelengths at 11 and 12 mu m, are primarily used for surface temperature (ST) retrieval. This paper provides a brief description of MODIS TEB calibration methodology and presents bands 31 and 32 on-orbit performance in terms of their calibration stability and detector noise characterization. It also describes an approach to examine the ST spectral band calibration consistency between two MODIS instruments using similar spectral channels of an advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) instrument currently operated on board NOAA-16 and NOAA-17. Inter-comparison data sets are carefully selected from near-simultaneous and near-nadir observations made by each pair of MODIS and AVHRR instruments. Results show that ST spectral bands 31 and 32 in both the Terra and Aqua MODIS are performing better than their design requirements, with excellent calibration stability and satisfactory cross-sensor calibration consistency. The on-orbit noise equivalent temperature differences (NEdTs) of all detectors have been continuously below the design specifications of 0.05 K. The calibration coefficients are extremely stable with scan-by-scan variations of less than 0.10%. In addition, calibration differences between two MODIS instruments are less than 0.10 K for both bands 31 and 32. C1 [Xiong, X.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Wu, A.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Cao, C.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Xiong, X (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Biospher Sci Branch, Code 614-4, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM Xiaoxiong.Xiong-1@nasa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 17-18 BP 5347 EP 5359 DI 10.1080/01431160802036300 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 344JS UT WOS:000258923500030 ER PT J AU Schroeder, W Ruminski, M Csiszar, I Giglio, L Prins, E Schmidt, C Morisette, J AF Schroeder, W. Ruminski, M. Csiszar, I. Giglio, L. Prins, E. Schmidt, C. Morisette, J. TI Validation analyses of an operational fire monitoring product: The Hazard Mapping System SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID MODIS; ASTER; ALGORITHM; DYNAMICS AB Vegetation fires are becoming increasingly important especially in regions where the proximity to urban areas can result in large populations being directly impacted by such events. During emergency situations, accurate fire location data becomes crucial to assess the affected areas as well as to track smoke plumes and delineate evacuation plans. In this study, the performance of the NOAA/NESDIS Hazard Mapping System (HMS) is evaluated. The system combines automated and analyst-made fire detections to monitor fires across the conterminous United States. Using 30-m-spatial-resolution ASTER imagery as the main instantaneous validation data, commission and omission error estimates are reported for a subset of HMS automated and analyst-based fire pixels derived from the Terra MODIS and GOES data. C1 [Schroeder, W.; Csiszar, I.; Giglio, L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ruminski, M.] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Giglio, L.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Prins, E.; Schmidt, C.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Morisette, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Schroeder, W (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Geog, 2181 Le Frak Hall, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM schroeder@hermes.geog.umd.edu RI Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010; Schroeder, Wilfrid/F-6738-2010 NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 20 BP 6059 EP 6066 DI 10.1080/01431160802235845 PG 8 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 350PT UT WOS:000259366300019 ER PT J AU Wang, H Fu, R Schemm, JK Tang, W Liu, WT AF Wang, H. Fu, R. Schemm, J. K. Tang, W. Liu, W. T. TI Predictability of South American low-level jet using QuikSCAT ocean surface wind SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; SUMMER; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSES; ANDES AB The applicability of NASA QuikSCAT ocean surface wind was tested for predicting South American low-level jets (SALLJs) with a statistical model. Our previous study (Wang, H. and Fu, R., 2004, Influence of cross-Andes flow on the South American low-level jet. Journal of Climate, 17, pp. 1247-1262) has examined the dynamic process associated with austral winter SALLJs using the ECMWF Reanalyses (ERA) and identified the mechanism that controls the seasonal and synoptic variations of the SALLJ. It was found that the SALLJ is maintained by strong zonal pressure gradients, with a maximum near 850hPa caused by deflection of upstream zonal flow crossing the Andes and lee cyclogenesis. The robustness of this mechanism was further examined in this study using the NCEP-NCAR Reanalysis 1 (NCEP-R1) and NCEP-DOE Reanalysis 2 (NCEP-R2). The northerly LLJs to the east of the Andes are strongest in ERA, with wind speeds well above 15ms(-1). In NCEP-R1 and R2, typical wind speeds are about 12 and 10ms(-1), respectively. A statistical analysis of the three reanalysis datasets indicates that the SALLJ significantly correlates with the zonal wind of previous days over the South Pacific, particularly with the surface zonal wind. Based on this result, a statistical model introduced in Wang and Fu (2004) was employed in this study for forecasting the SALLJ using the QuikSCAT ocean surface wind as a predictor. The model was applied to June, July and August of 1999 to 2006 for up to 5 day forecasts of the SALLJ. Cross validations of the hindcasts indicate significant predictability of strong LLJ events with the QuikSCAT ocean surface wind data. C1 [Wang, H.; Fu, R.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Wang, H.; Schemm, J. K.] NOAA, NCEP NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Tang, W.; Liu, W. T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Wang, H.] Wyle Informat Syst, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. RP Wang, H (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM hui.wang@noaa.gov RI Wang, Hui/B-6516-2008; Fu, Rong/B-4922-2011 FU NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science FX This work was supported by the NASA Ocean Vector Wind Science Program at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory through subcontracts to Georgia Institute of Technology. We thank two anonymous reviewers for their insightful and constructive comments and suggestions. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 21 BP 6117 EP 6127 DI 10.1080/01431160802175512 PG 11 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 364HG UT WOS:000260326200004 ER PT J AU Heron, ML Prytz, A Heron, SF Helzel, T Schlick, T Greenslade, DJM Schulz, E Skirving, WJ AF Heron, M. L. Prytz, A. Heron, S. F. Helzel, T. Schlick, T. Greenslade, D. J. M. Schulz, E. Skirving, W. J. TI Tsunami observations by coastal ocean radar SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article AB When tsunami waves propagate across the open ocean, they are steered by the Coriolis effect and refraction due to gentle gradients in the bathymetry on scales longer than the wavelength. When the wave encounters steep gradients at the edges of continental shelves and at the coast, the wave becomes nonlinear and conservation of momentum produces squirts of surface current at the head of submerged canyons and in coastal bays. High frequency (HF) coastal ocean radar is well conditioned to observe the surface current bursts at the edge of the continental shelf and give a warning of 40 minutes to 2 hours when the shelf is 50 to 200km wide. The period of tsunami waves is invariant over changes in bathymetry and is in the range 2 to 30 minutes. Wavelengths for tsunamis (in 500 to 3000m depth) are in the range 8.5 to over 200km, and on a shelf where the depth is about 50m (as in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR)) the wavelengths are in the range 2.5 to 30km. In the use of HF radar technology, there is a trade-off between the precision of surface current speed measurements and time resolution. It is shown that the phased array HF ocean surface radar being deployed in the GBR and operating in a routine way for mapping surface currents, can resolve surface current squirts from tsunamis in the wave period range 20 to 30 minutes and in the wavelength range greater than about 6km. An advantage in signal-to-noise ratio can be obtained from the prior knowledge of the spatial pattern of the squirts at the edge of the continental shelf, and it is estimated that, with this analysis, the time resolution of the GBR radar may be reduced to about 2.5 minutes, which corresponds to a capability to detect tsunamis at the shelf edge in the period range 5 to 30 minutes. It is estimated that the lower limit of squirt velocity detection at the shelf edge would correspond to a tsunami with water elevation of about 2.5cm in the open ocean. This means that the GBR HF radar is well conditioned for use as a monitor of small, as well as larger, tsunamis and has the potential to contribute to the understanding of tsunami genesis research. C1 [Heron, M. L.; Prytz, A.] James Cook Univ, AIMS, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Heron, M. L.; Prytz, A.] James Cook Univ, Marine Geophys Lab, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. [Heron, S. F.; Skirving, W. J.] NOAA NESDIS Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Helzel, T.] Helzel Messtech GmbH, Kaltenkirken, Germany. [Schlick, T.] Univ Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. [Greenslade, D. J. M.; Schulz, E.] Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. RP Heron, ML (reprint author), James Cook Univ, AIMS, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. EM mal.heron@jcu.edu.au RI Skirving, William/E-7927-2011; Heron, Scott/E-7928-2011; Greenslade, Diana/A-1485-2012 OI Skirving, William/0000-0003-0167-6427; FU Australian Research Council [LE0560892] FX The HF radar deployed in the Great Barrier Reef region was funded under the Linkage Infrastructure Equipment and Facilities Grant LE0560892 from the Australian Research Council. Operational costs are being met by the Australian Coastal Ocean Radar Network, which is a part of the Australian Integrated Marine Observing System. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision or position on behalf of NOAA or the US Government. NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0143-1161 J9 INT J REMOTE SENS JI Int. J. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 29 IS 21 BP 6347 EP 6359 DI 10.1080/01431160802175371 PG 13 WC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 364HG UT WOS:000260326200020 ER PT J AU Savan, A Wosik, J Gerbig, YB Spiradek-Hahn, K AF Savan, Alan Wosik, Jaroslaw Gerbig, Yvonne B. Spiradek-Hahn, Krystina TI Ceramic nitride/metal coatings with enhanced fracture toughness and fatigue resistance using a multiscalar laminate architecture SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SURFACE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE CrN; coating; toughness; fatigue resistance ID NANOMETRIC CRN/CR MULTILAYERS; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; THIN-FILMS; VICKERS INDENTATION; PROPERTY RELATIONSHIPS; CORROSION PROTECTION; TITANIUM NITRIDE; ELASTIC-MODULUS; WEAR; BEHAVIOR AB Ceramic coatings can provide benefits such as improved wear resistance, reduced friction, and be chemical and biological corrosion barriers in various biomedical applications. However long-term issues of film cracking, particle generation, or delamination must be addressed, while achieving decades-long coating lifetimes. Instead of brittle, superhard coatings, softer but tougher coatings achieved with multiscalar, laminate architectures may meet these requirements. Layers of Cr and CrN were combined in multi- and nanolayer structures, and compared to monolayer films. The multiscalar coatings had hardness values lying between the pure Cr and CrN, but higher fracture toughness than the monolayer films. C1 [Savan, Alan] Forschungszentrum Caesar, D-53175 Bonn, Germany. [Wosik, Jaroslaw; Spiradek-Hahn, Krystina] Austrian Res Ctr GmbH ARC, A-2444 Seibersdorf, Austria. [Wosik, Jaroslaw] Oberflachentechnol GmbH, CEST Kompetenzzentrum Elektrochem, A-2700 Wr Neustadt, Austria. [Gerbig, Yvonne B.] Univ Warwick, Sch Engn, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. [Gerbig, Yvonne B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Savan, A (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Caesar, Ludwig Erhard Allee 2, D-53175 Bonn, Germany. EM savan@caesar.de; jaroslaw.wosik@cest.at; yvonne.gerbig@nist.gov; krystina.spiradek-hahn@arcs.ac.at OI Savan, Alan/0000-0003-0559-3290 FU Austrian Research Centers GmbH - ARC FX Second and fourth authors thank the Austrian Research Centers GmbH - ARC for the financial support of the experiments and Andreas Merstallinger for carrying out the tribological tests NR 55 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU INDERSCIENCE ENTERPRISES LTD PI GENEVA PA WORLD TRADE CENTER BLDG, 29 ROUTE DE PRE-BOIS, CASE POSTALE 856, CH-1215 GENEVA, SWITZERLAND SN 1749-785X EI 1749-7868 J9 INT J SURF SCI ENG JI Int. J. Surf. Sci. Eng. PY 2008 VL 2 IS 6 BP 419 EP 438 PG 20 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 495KA UT WOS:000269888800001 ER PT S AU Kjaer, D Lin, R Petersen, DH Kopalidis, PM Eddy, R Walker, DA Egelhoff, WF Pickert, L AF Kjaer, Daniel Lin, Rong Petersen, Dirch Hjorth Kopalidis, Petros M. Eddy, Ronald Walker, David A. Egelhoff, William F., Jr. Pickert, Larry BE Seebauer, EG Kondratenko, YV Felch, SB Jain, A TI Micro Four-Point Probe with High Spatial Resolution for Ion Implantation and Ultra-Shallow Junction Characterization SO ION IMPLANTATION TECHNOLOGY 2008 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 17th International Conference on Ion Implantation Technology CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL Monterey, CA SP Plansee, Evans Analyt Grp, Varian Semicond Equipment, ATMI, Axcelis Technologies, KLA Tencor, Matheson Tri Gas, Nissin Ion Equipment, SEN Corp, Adv Ion Beam Technol, Cameca, Core Syst, High Voltage Engn, Innovion, Mattson, Praxair, Amer Vacuum Soc DE Sheet resistance; four-point probe; ion implantation; process control; diagnostics ID SHEET RESISTANCE MEASUREMENT AB The application of micro four-point probe technique in ion implantation non-uniformity mapping and analysis is demonstrated in this work. The technique uses micron-size probes with electrode pitch of 10 mu m to achieve greatly enhanced spatial resolution of sheet resistance (Rs) measurements. Rs non-uniformities due to uneven dopant distribution or activation can be mapped with improved accuracy, making it easier to detect implanter scanning problems, dose and charge control malfunctions and annealer related non-uniformities. The technique's superior performance in spatial resolution over conventional four-point probe measurements is demonstrated by zero edge exclusion sheet resistance measurements at the wafer edge. In addition, the technique is used to investigate potential Rs variations between equivalent As+ and As-2+ implants with the same effective energy. Finally, repeatability and reproducibility are investigated by making multiple measurement; on a selected ULE implanted and annealed wafer. C1 [Kjaer, Daniel; Lin, Rong; Petersen, Dirch Hjorth] CAPRES AS, Sc DTU, Bldg 373, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Petersen, Dirch Hjorth] Tech Univ Denmark, DTU Nanotech, Dept Micro & Nanotechnol, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. [Kopalidis, Petros M.] Technol Educ Inst Salonika, Thessaloniki 57400, Greece. [Eddy, Ronald; Walker, David A.] Innov Corp, Chandler, AZ 85226 USA. [Egelhoff, William F., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg 20899, MD USA. [Pickert, Larry] Microchip Technol Inc, Chandler 85224, AZ USA. RP Kjaer, D (reprint author), CAPRES AS, Sc DTU, Bldg 373, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark. EM kopalidis@urgrad.rochester.edu RI Petersen, Dirch/A-8062-2010 FU Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA [NNX09AB39G] FX The ADS is Operated by the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory under NASA Grant NNX09AB39G NR 6 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0597-4 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2008 VL 1066 BP 167 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BIU78 UT WOS:000262960800039 ER PT J AU Tan, KT White, CC Hunston, DL Clerici, C Steffens, KL Goldman, J Vogt, BD AF Tan, K. T. White, C. C. Hunston, D. L. Clerici, C. Steffens, K. L. Goldman, J. Vogt, B. D. TI Fundamentals of adhesion failure for a model adhesive (PMMA/Glass) joint in humid environments SO JOURNAL OF ADHESION LA English DT Article DE critical RH; critical water content; durability; fracture mechanics; mechanisms; PMMA/glass interface ID RAY PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; EPOXY-RESIN; WATER-ADSORPTION; ORGANIC COATINGS; FRACTURE ENERGY; CRACK-GROWTH; MOISTURE; DURABILITY; INTERFACE; SORPTION AB The origins for the abrupt adhesion loss at a critical relative humidity (RH) for polymeric adhesives bonded to inorganic surfaces were explored using a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) film on silicon oxide as a model system. The interfacial and bulk water concentrations within the polymer film were quantified as a function of D(2)O partial pressure using neutron reflectivity. The adhesive fracture energies of these PMMA/SiO(2) interfaces at the same conditions were determined using a shaft-loaded blister test. Discontinuities in the adhesive fracture energy, bulk moisture solubility, and the width of the interfacial moisture excess near the interface were observed at the critical RH. A mechanism based on the coupling of bulk swelling-induced stresses with the decreased cohesive strength due to moisture accumulation at the interface is proposed and is consistent with all experimental observations. C1 [Tan, K. T.; White, C. C.; Hunston, D. L.; Clerici, C.; Goldman, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Mat Grp, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Steffens, K. L.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vogt, B. D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tempe, AZ USA. RP Tan, KT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Mat Grp, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab,100 Bur Dr,Stop 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kar.tan@nist.gov; bryan.vogt@asu.edu RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 NR 52 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8464 J9 J ADHESION JI J. Adhes. PY 2008 VL 84 IS 4 BP 339 EP 367 DI 10.1080/00218460802004428 PG 29 WC Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mechanics GA 290YD UT WOS:000255158600003 ER PT J AU Rabb, SA Winchester, MR Yu, LL AF Rabb, Savelas A. Winchester, Michael R. Yu, Lee L. TI Accurate determinations of Ge atom fractions in SiGe semiconductor chips using high performance ICP-OES SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID INDUCTIVELY-COUPLED PLASMA; EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY; SILICON-GERMANIUM; VOLATILIZATION; SYSTEM; ALLOYS; AES AB The Ge atom fractions in SiGe chips with nominal values in the range 3.5% to 14% were accurately determined using high performance inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (HP-ICP-OES). For each chip, Si and Ge were determined in separate HP-ICP-OES experiments, and the Ge atom fraction was calculated from the data. This approach eliminated the need to measure the mass of the chip, thereby avoiding a potentially significant source of uncertainty. Digestion of the chips occurred in the presence of HF-HNO3 at room temperature in closed vessels to prevent the loss of Si as volatile SiF4. Recoveries of both Si and Ge in these digests were observed to be effectively 100%. For the Si determinations, NaOH was introduced to reduce Si background and memory. Expanded uncertainties (95% confidence) associated with the Ge atom fractions determined, accounting for all significant components of uncertainty, were observed to be similar to 0.2%. C1 [Rabb, Savelas A.; Winchester, Michael R.; Yu, Lee L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rabb, SA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM savelas.rabb@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 29 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 550 EP 554 DI 10.1039/b715148a PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 283KI UT WOS:000254634700015 ER PT J AU Nagourney, SJ Wilson, SA Buckley, B Kingston, HMS Yang, SY Long, SE AF Nagourney, Stuart J. Wilson, Stephen A. Buckley, Brian Kingston, H. M. Skip Yang, Shen-Yi Long, Stephen E. TI Development of a standard reference material for Cr(VI) in contaminated soil SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID ORE PROCESSING RESIDUE AB Over the last several decades, considerable contamination by hexavalent chromium has resulted from the land disposal of Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR). COPR contains a number of hexavalent chromium-bearing compounds that were produced in high temperature industrial processes. Concern over the carcinogenic potential of this chromium species, and its environmental mobility, has resulted in efforts to remediate these waste sites. To provide support to analytical measurements of hexavalent chromium, a candidate National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Reference Material(R) ( SRM 2701), having a hexavalent chromium content of approximately 500 mg kg(-1), has been developed using material collected from a waste site in Hudson County, New Jersey, USA. The collection, processing, preparation and preliminary physico-chemical characterization of the material are discussed. A two-phase multi-laboratory testing study was carried out to provide data on material homogeneity and to assess the stability of the material over the duration of the study. The study was designed to incorporate several United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) determinative methods for hexavalent chromium, including Method 6800 which is based on speciated isotope dilution mass spectrometry (SIDMS), an approach which can account for chromium species inter-conversion during the extraction and measurement sequence. C1 [Long, Stephen E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagourney, Stuart J.] New Jersey Dept Environm Protect, OQA, Trenton, NJ 08625 USA. [Wilson, Stephen A.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Buckley, Brian] Rutgers State Univ, Environm Occupat Hlth Sci Inst, Rutgers, NJ USA. [Kingston, H. M. Skip] Duquesne Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Pittsburgh, PA 15282 USA. US EPA, Off Solid Waste, Arlington, VA 22222 USA. RP Long, SE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.long@nist.gov NR 12 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 11 BP 1550 EP 1554 DI 10.1039/b808488b PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 364AX UT WOS:000260309700010 ER PT J AU Swarthout, RF Kucklick, JR Davis, WC AF Swarthout, Robert F., Jr. Kucklick, John R. Davis, W. Clay TI The determination of polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners by gas chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry SO JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL ATOMIC SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; HIGH-THROUGHPUT EXTRACTION; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HUMAN SERUM; CLEANUP METHOD; HOUSE-DUST; OPTIMIZATION; CONTAMINANTS; SAMPLES AB Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are flame retardant chemicals used in everyday household items such as computer casings and household textiles. Leaching and migration of these chemicals from products has been reported as the cause for the widespread presence of these compounds in our environment. While PBDEs are predominantly analyzed by GC-NCI-MS, GC-HRMS or GC-ECD, this paper investigates the potential of GC-ICP-MS for the determination of PBDEs. The application of this methodology for the analysis of PBDEs in NIST SRM 2977 Mussel Tissue and NIST 1941b Marine Sediment is also presented. The extreme sensitivity of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) for atomic information makes GC-ICP-MS a promising alternative for analyzing PBDEs at low concentrations or in small sample sizes. In this work, the instrumental detection limits of a GC-NCI-MS were directly compared to those of a GC-ICP-MS for a mixture of 28 PBDE congeners including the decabrominated PBDE-209 congener. The GC-ICP-MS instrumental method demonstrated superior sensitivity over the GC-NCI-MS for all of the PBDE congeners with absolute detection limits ranging from 0.2 pg to 0.3 pg as compared to 1.5 pg to 24.3 pg for GC-NCIMS. The GC-ICP-MS method was then used to quantify PBDE congeners in Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1941b Organics in Marine Sediment and SRM 2977 Freeze-Dried Mussel Tissue (Organic Contaminants and Trace Elements). The mass fraction of PBDE congeners in these SRMs determined by GC-ICP-MS were within 13% (8.5%) and 7% (2.5%) (mean difference (1 SD)) of previously determined values for SRMs 1941b and 2977, respectively. The PBDE 209 value in SRM 1941b determined by GC-ICP-MS compared favorably to the consensus value from a recent interlaboratory comparison using this material (28.7 ng g(-1) +/- 2.9 ng g(-1) versus 24.4 ng g(-1) +/- 14.1 ng g(-1)). C1 [Swarthout, Robert F., Jr.; Kucklick, John R.; Davis, W. Clay] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Swarthout, Robert F., Jr.] Coll Charleston, Grad Program Environm Studies, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. RP Davis, WC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM clay.davis@nist.gov NR 24 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 5 U2 22 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0267-9477 J9 J ANAL ATOM SPECTROM JI J. Anal. At. Spectrom. PY 2008 VL 23 IS 12 BP 1575 EP 1580 DI 10.1039/b809173k PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 384KK UT WOS:000261743500003 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Brandenburg, N McDonough, W Blair, W Holmes, GA AF Kim, J. H. Brandenburg, N. McDonough, W. Blair, W. Holmes, G. A. TI A device for mechanically folding yarns and woven fabrics of ballistic fibers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MECHANICS-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article ID IMPACT AB A device was designed and built that attaches to servohydraulic machines that typically perform material fatigue testing. The device was designed to systematically fold woven fabric and yarns of ballistic fibers to assess the impact of mechanical folding, such as may occur during use, on ballistic fiber properties. Initial tests indicate that the device repeatedly folds apiece of woven fabric at the same location. However when the device is in the open position, a consistent I cm movement of the fabric was observed. A slight modification of the device is required to eliminate this movement. After cycling a piece of woven poly(benzoxazole) (PBO) fabric for 5500 cycles, an 18% reduction in the ultimate tensile strength and strain to failure of the PBO fibers was observed. Research is continuing to determine a relevant and optimized testing protocol. C1 [Kim, J. H.; McDonough, W.; Blair, W.; Holmes, G. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Characterizat & Methods Dev Grp, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brandenburg, N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fabricat Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Characterizat & Methods Dev Grp, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8541, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU ASME-AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENG PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0021-8936 J9 J APPL MECH-T ASME JI J. Appl. Mech.-Trans. ASME PD JAN PY 2008 VL 75 IS 1 AR UNSP 015001 DI 10.1115/1.2755131 PG 4 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 290OP UT WOS:000255132400029 ER PT J AU Nielsen-Gammon, JW Powell, CL Mahoney, MJ Angevine, WM Senff, C White, A Berkowitz, C Doran, C Knupp, K AF Nielsen-Gammon, John W. Powell, Christina L. Mahoney, M. J. Angevine, Wayne M. Senff, Christoph White, Allen Berkowitz, Carl Doran, Christopher Knupp, Kevin TI Multisensor estimation of mixing heights over a coastal city SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE TEMPERATURE PROFILER; CONVECTIVE BOUNDARY-LAYER; WIND PROFILERS; AIRBORNE LIDAR; DEPTHS AB An airborne microwave temperature profiler (MTP) was deployed during the Texas 2000 Air Quality Study (TexAQS-2000) to make measurements of boundary layer thermal structure. An objective technique was developed and tested for estimating the mixed layer (ML) height from the MTP vertical temperature profiles. The technique identifies the ML height as a threshold increase of potential temperature from its minimum value within the boundary layer. To calibrate the technique and evaluate the usefulness of this approach, coincident estimates from radiosondes, radar wind profilers, an aerosol backscatter lidar, and in situ aircraft measurements were compared with each other and with the MTP. Relative biases among all instruments were generally less than 50 m, and the agreement between MTP ML height estimates and other estimates was at least as good as the agreement among the other estimates. The ML height estimates from the MTP and other instruments are utilized to determine the spatial and temporal evolution of ML height in the Houston, Texas, area on 1 September 2000. An elevated temperature inversion was present, so ML growth was inhibited until early afternoon. In the afternoon, large spatial variations in ML height developed across the Houston area. The highest ML heights, well over 2 km, were observed to the north of Houston, while downwind of Galveston Bay and within the late afternoon sea breeze ML heights were much lower. The spatial variations that were found away from the immediate influence of coastal circulations were unexpected, and multiple independent ML height estimates were essential for documenting this feature. C1 [Nielsen-Gammon, John W.; Powell, Christina L.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Knupp, Kevin] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35899 USA. [Berkowitz, Carl; Doran, Christopher] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Angevine, Wayne M.; Senff, Christoph; White, Allen] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Angevine, Wayne M.; Senff, Christoph; White, Allen] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahoney, M. J.] CALTECH, Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Nielsen-Gammon, JW (reprint author), Texas A&M Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, 3150 TAMUS, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. EM n-g@tamu.edu RI Nielsen-Gammon, John/G-9771-2012; Angevine, Wayne/H-9849-2013; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013 OI Nielsen-Gammon, John/0000-0001-5336-2409; Angevine, Wayne/0000-0002-8021-7116; NR 18 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 27 EP 43 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1503.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 266BO UT WOS:000253406500003 ER PT J AU Hanna, JW Schultz, DM Irving, AR AF Hanna, Jay W. Schultz, David M. Irving, Antonio R. TI Cloud-top temperatures for precipitating winter clouds SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE IMAGERY; RAIN ESTIMATION; ICE CRYSTALS; HEAVY SNOW AB To explore the role of cloud microphysics in a large dataset of precipitating clouds, a 6-month dataset of satellite-derived cloud-top brightness temperatures from the longwave infrared band ( channel 4) on the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite ( GOES) is constructed over precipitation-reporting surface observation stations, producing 144 738 observations of snow, rain, freezing rain, and sleet. The distributions of cloud-top brightness temperatures were constructed for each precipitation type, as well as light, moderate, and heavy snow and rain. The light-snow distribution has a maximum at -16 degrees C, whereas the moderate- and heavy-snow distributions have a bimodal distribution with a primary maximum around -16 degrees to -23 degrees C and a secondary maximum at -35 degrees to -45 degrees C. The light, moderate, and heavy rain, as well as the freezing rain and sleet, distributions are also bimodal with roughly the same temperature maxima, although the colder mode dominates when compared with the snow distributions. The colder of the bimodal peaks trends to lower temperatures with increasing rainfall intensity: -45 degrees C for light rain, -47 degrees C for moderate rain, and -50 degrees C for heavy rain. Like the distributions for snow, the colder peak increases in amplitude relative to the warmer peak at heavier rainfall intensities. The steep slope in the snow distribution for cloud-tops warmer than -15 degrees C is likely due to the combined effects of above-freezing cloud-top temperatures not producing snow, the activation of ice nuclei, the maximum growth rate for ice crystals at temperatures near -15 degrees C, and ice multiplication processes from -3 degrees to -8 degrees C. In contrast, the rain distributions have a gentle slope toward higher cloud-top brightness temperatures (-5 degrees to 0 degrees C), likely due to the warm-rain process. Last, satellite-derived cloud-top brightness temperatures are compared with coincident radiosonde-derived cloud-top temperatures. Although most differences between these two are small, some are as large as +/- 60 degrees C. The cause of these differences remains unclear, and several hypotheses are offered. C1 [Hanna, Jay W.; Irving, Antonio R.] NOAA, NESDIS, Satellite Serv Div, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Schultz, David M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Schultz, David M.] NOAA, Natl Serv Storms Lab, Norman, OK USA. RP Hanna, JW (reprint author), E-SP23,5200 Auth Rd,Rm 401, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM jay.hanna@noaa.gov RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 47 IS 1 BP 351 EP 359 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1549.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 266BO UT WOS:000253406500023 ER PT J AU Maslar, JE Hurst, WS Wang, CA AF Maslar, J. E. Hurst, W. S. Wang, C. A. TI Raman spectroscopic determination of hole concentration in p-type GaSb SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FREE-CARRIER CONCENTRATION; V COMPOUND SEMICONDUCTORS; MOLECULAR-BEAM EPITAXY; PLASMON COUPLED MODES; EFFECTIVE HALL FACTOR; VAPOR-PHASE EPITAXY; N-TYPE GASB; GALLIUM ANTIMONIDE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; DOPED GAAS AB Phonon-plasmon coupled mode Raman spectra of p-type GaSb were measured at room temperature as a function of hole concentration. These spectra were obtained using an optical system based on. 752.55 nm excitation in order to obtain more sensitivity to bulk GaSb coupled mode Raman scattering than is possible with visible wavelength excitation-based systems. A relatively simple spectral model for the electronic contribution to the dielectric function was evaluated for determination of hole concentration from the bulk coupled mode spectra. The hole concentration was determined from the Raman spectra by minimizing the sum of the squared residuals between a measured and simulated spectrum as a function of total hole. concentration and a plasmon damping parameter. The hole concentrations determined from the fit to the Raman spectra were compared to the hole concentrations determined from single magnetic field Hall effect measurements that were corrected to account for two band conduction. The hole concentrations determined using the two methods differed by approximate to 3% to approximate to 33% for single magnetic field Hall effect hole concentrations from approximate to 5.51 x 10(17) to approximate to 6.38 x 10(18) cm(-3). The agreement between the hole concentrations determined using the two methods was worse for single magnetic field Hall effect hole concentrations below approximate to 5.51 x 10(17) cm(-1). in general, compared to the hole concentrations determined from-Hall effect measurements corrected to account for two band conduction, the hole concentrations determined from the Raman spectra were higher for epilayers with the lower Hall effect hole concentrations and lower for the epilayer with the highest Hall effect hole concentration. The deviations between the two methods were attributed to the limitations of the spectral model employed and uncertainties in GaSb materials properties. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Maslar, J. E.; Hurst, W. S.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wang, C. A.] MIT, Lincoln Lab, Lexington, MA 02420 USA. RP Maslar, JE (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8360, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmaslar@nist.gov NR 75 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 AR 013502 DI 10.1063/1.2828147 PG 11 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 258SV UT WOS:000252890700027 ER PT J AU Ramadurai, K Cromer, CL Lewis, LA Hurst, KE Dillon, AC Mahajan, RL Lehman, JH AF Ramadurai, Krishna Cromer, Christopher L. Lewis, Laurence A. Hurst, Katherine E. Dillon, Anne C. Mahajan, Roop L. Lehman, John H. TI High-performance carbon nanotube coatings for high-power laser radiometry SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PYROELECTRIC DETECTOR; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; YOUNGS MODULUS; IRRADIATION; FILMS; DEPOSITION; ENERGY AB Radiometry for the next generation of high-efficiency, high-power industrial lasers requires thermal management at optical power levels exceeding 10 kW. Laser damage and thermal transport present fundamental challenges for laser radiometry in support of common manufacturing processes, such as welding, cutting, ablation, or vaporization. To address this growing need for radiometry at extremely high power densities, we demonstrate multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) coatings with damage thresholds exceeding 15 000 W/cm(2) and absorption efficiencies over 90% at 1.06 mu m. This result demonstrates specific design advantages not possible with other contemporary high-power laser coatings. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a performance difference between MWCNTs and single-walled carbon nanotube coatings, which is attributed to the lower net thermal resistance of the MWCNT coatings. We explore the behavior of carbon nanotubes at two laser wavelengths (1.06 and 10.6 mu m) and also evaluate the optical-absorption efficiency and bulk properties of the coatings. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Cromer, Christopher L.; Hurst, Katherine E.; Lehman, John H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ramadurai, Krishna] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lewis, Laurence A.] James Madison Univ, Harrisonburg, VA 22807 USA. [Dillon, Anne C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80305 USA. [Mahajan, Roop L.] Virginia Tech, Dept Engn Sci & Mech, Dept Mech Engn, ICTAS, Blacksburg, VA 24060 USA. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM john.lehman@nist.gov NR 27 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD JAN 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 1 AR 013103 DI 10.1063/1.2825647 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 258SV UT WOS:000252890700003 ER PT J AU Al-Saadi, J Soja, A Pierce, RB Szykman, J Wiedinmyer, C Emmons, L Kondragunta, S Zhang, XY Kittaka, C Schaack, T Bowman, K AF Al-Saadi, Jassim Soja, Amber Pierce, R. Bradley Szykman, James Wiedinmyer, Christine Emmons, Louisa Kondragunta, Shobha Zhang, Xiaoyang Kittaka, Chieko Schaack, Todd Bowman, Kevin TI Intercomparison of near-real-time biomass burning emissions estimates constrained by satellite fire data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE biomass burning; emission; wildfire; atmospheric composition ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; SPECTROMETER AB We compare biomass burning emissions estimates from four different techniques that use satellite based fire products to determine area burned over regional to global domains. Three of the techniques use active fire detections from polar-orbiting MODIS sensors and one uses detections and instantaneous fire size estimates from geostationary GOES sensors. Each technique uses a different approach for estimating trace gas and particulate emissions from active fires. Here we evaluate monthly area burned and CO emission estimates for most of 2006 over the contiguous United States domain common to all four techniques. Two techniques provide global estimates and these are also compared. Overall we find consistency in temporal evolution and spatial patterns but differences in these monthly estimates can be as large as a factor of 10. One set of emission estimates is evaluated by comparing model CO predictions with satellite observations over regions where biomass burning is significant. These emissions are consistent with observations over the US but have a high bias in three out of four regions of large tropical burning. The large-scale evaluations of the magnitudes and characteristics of the differences presented here are a necessary first step toward an ultimate goal of reducing the large uncertainties in biomass burning emission estimates, thereby enhancing environmental monitoring and prediction capabilities. C1 [Al-Saadi, Jassim] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Soja, Amber] Natl Inst Aerosp, Hampton, VA USA. [Pierce, R. Bradley] NOAA, NESDIS, Madison, WI USA. [Szykman, James] US EPA, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Wiedinmyer, Christine; Emmons, Louisa] NCAR, Boulder, CO USA. [Kondragunta, Shobha; Zhang, Xiaoyang] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Kittaka, Chieko] SSAI, Hampton, VA USA. [Schaack, Todd] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Bowman, Kevin] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Al-Saadi, J (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. EM j.a.al-saadi@nasa.gov RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Pfister, Gabriele/A-9349-2008; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Emmons, Louisa/R-8922-2016 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; Emmons, Louisa/0000-0003-2325-6212 NR 37 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTO-OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 021504 DI 10.1117/1.2948785 PG 24 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200004 ER PT J AU Knapp, KR AF Knapp, Kenneth R. TI Scientific data stewardship of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project B1 global geostationary observations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE satellite; geostationary; data stewardship; calibration; navigation ID RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CALIBRATION; ISCCP; ATMOSPHERE; RADIANCES; IMAGES; SERIES; GOES-8 AB The International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) B1 data was recently rescued by NOAA's National Climatic Data Center (NCDC). ISCCP B1 data are geostationary imagery from satellites worldwide which are subsampled to 10 km and 3 hourly resolution. These data were unusable given the disarray of format documentation and lack of software for reading the data files. After developing access software, assessing data quality, and removing infrared window calibration biases, the data have been used for research in studying tropical cyclones and is available for other topics, such as rainfall and cloud cover. This resulted not only in valuable scientific data for weather and climate research but also in important lessons learned for future archiving of scientific data records. The effort also exemplifies principles of scientific data stewardship. C1 NOAAs, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Knapp, KR (reprint author), NOAAs, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Ken.Knapp@noaa.gov RI Knapp, Kenneth/E-9817-2011 NR 27 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023548 DI 10.1117/1.3043461 PG 21 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200052 ER PT J AU Lantz, K Disterhoft, P Slusser, J Gao, W Berndt, J Bernhard, G Bloms, S Booth, R Ehramjian, J Harrison, L Janson, G Johnston, P Kiedron, P McKenzie, R Kimlin, M Neale, P O'Neill, M Quang, VV Seckmeyer, G Taylor, T Wuttke, S Michalsky, J AF Lantz, Kathleen Disterhoft, Patrick Slusser, James Gao, Wei Berndt, Jerry Bernhard, Germar Bloms, Sarah Booth, Rocky Ehramjian, James Harrison, Lee Janson, George Johnston, Paul Kiedron, Piotr McKenzie, Richard Kimlin, Michael Neale, Patrick O'Neill, Michael Quang, Vi V. Seckmeyer, Gunther Taylor, Thomas Wuttke, Sigrid Michalsky, Joseph TI 2003 North American interagency intercomparison of ultraviolet spectroradiometers: scanning and spectrograph instruments SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE spectroradiometer; filter radiometer; ultraviolet; intercomparison ID SHADOW-BAND RADIOMETER; MONITORING SPECTRORADIOMETERS; COLUMN OZONE; RADIATION; IRRADIANCE; LABORATORIES; CALIBRATION; STANDARDS; NETWORK; BREWER AB The fifth North American Intercomparison of Ultraviolet Monitoring Spectroradiometers was held June 13 to 21, 2003 at Table Mountain outside of Boulder, Colorado, USA. The main purpose of the Intercomparison was to assess the ability of spectroradiometers to accurately measure solar ultraviolet irradiance, and to compare the results between instruments of different monitoring networks. This Intercomparison was coordinated by NOAA and included participants from six national and international agencies. The UV measuring instruments included scanning spectroradiometers, spectrographs, and multi-filter radiometers. Synchronized spectral scans of the solar irradiance were performed between June 16 and 20, 2003. The spectral responsivities were determined for each instrument using the participants' lamps and calibration procedures and with NOAA/CUCF standard lamps. This paper covers the scanning spectroradiometers and the one spectrograph. The solar irradiance measurements from the different instruments were deconvolved using a high resolution extraterrestrial solar irradiance and reconvolved with a 1-nm triangular band-pass to account for differences in the bandwidths of the instruments. The measured solar irradiance from the spectroradiometers using the rivmSHIC algorithm on a clear-sky day on DOY 172 at 17.0 UTC (SZA = 30 degrees) had a relative 1-sigma standard deviation of +/-2.6 to 3.4% for 300- to 360-nm using the participants' calibration. C1 [Lantz, Kathleen; Disterhoft, Patrick; Bloms, Sarah; Kiedron, Piotr; O'Neill, Michael] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Berndt, Jerry; Harrison, Lee; Kiedron, Piotr] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Bernhard, Germar; Booth, Rocky; Ehramjian, James; Quang, Vi V.] Biospher Inc, San Diego, CA 92110 USA. [Johnston, Paul; McKenzie, Richard] Natl Inst Water & Atmospher Res, Lauder, New Zealand. [Slusser, James; Gao, Wei; Janson, George] Colorado State Univ, USDA, UV B Monitoring & Res Program, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Michalsky, Joseph] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Kimlin, Michael; Taylor, Thomas] Univ Georgia, Natl Ultraviolet Monitoring Ctr, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Neale, Patrick] Smithsonian Environm Res Ctr, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Seckmeyer, Gunther; Wuttke, Sigrid] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Meteorol & Climatol, D-30419 Hannover, Germany. [Kimlin, Michael] Queensland Univ Technol, Australian Sun & Hlth Res, Brisbane, Qld 4001, Australia. RP Lantz, K (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Studies, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Gao, Wei/C-1430-2016; OI Kimlin, Michael/0000-0002-9536-8646 FU U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Assistance; US Department of Agriculture UV-B Monitoring; Research Program [2003-34263-13509, 2004-34263-14270] FX Operation of the National Science Foundation's Polar Ultraviolet Monitoring Network, along with participation in this Intercomparison, was funded from Antarctic Support Associates at the National Science Foundation, Office of Polar Programs. Operation of the National Ultraviolet Monitoring Network, along with participation in this Intercomparison, was funded through the U. S. Environmental Protection Agency Assistance. Development of the U111 Ultraviolet Scanning Radiometer, participation in this Intercomparison, and operation of the USDA UV Network was funded by the US Department of Agriculture UV-B Monitoring and Research Program through contracts 2003-34263-13509 and 2004-34263-14270 under the direction of Dr. Daniel Schmoldt. NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023547 DI 10.1117/1.3040299 PG 33 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200051 ER PT J AU Mejia, Y Ghedira, H Mahani, S Khanbilvardi, R AF Mejia, Yajaira Ghedira, Hosni Mahani, Sheyesteh Khanbilvardi, Reza TI Robust neural network system design for detecting and estimating snowfall from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE neural network; passive microwave; snowfall; intensity; satellite; temperature ID ALGORITHMS; LAND; AMSU AB The principal intent of this research is to: (a) investigate the potential of passive microwave data from Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) in detecting snowfall events and in measuring their intensity, and (b) evaluate the effect of both land cover and atmospheric conditions on the retrieval accuracy. A neural-network-based model has been developed and has shown a great potential in detecting snowfall events and classifying their intensity into light, moderate or heavy. This algorithm has been applied for different snow storms which occurred in four winter seasons in the Northeastern United States. Additional information such as cloud cover and air temperature were added to the process to reduce misidentified snowfall pixels. Only pixels with cloud cover and falling within a specific range of temperature are presented to the snowfall detection model. Surface temperature collected from ground station-based observations and archived by the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) were used for this test. Different heavy storm events and non-snowfall observations that occurred at the same time as AMSU acquisition were selected. Hourly snow accumulation data collected by the NCDC were used as truth data to train and validate the model. The preliminary results indicate that the neural-network-based model provides a significant improvement in snowfall detection accuracy over existing satellite-based methods. C1 [Mejia, Yajaira; Ghedira, Hosni; Mahani, Sheyesteh; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY City Coll, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Cooperat Remote Sensin, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Mejia, Y (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Cooperat Remote Sensin, 160 Covent Ave, New York, NY 10031 USA. FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) [NA06OAR4810162] FX This study was supported and monitored by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under Grant NA06OAR4810162. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the author(s) and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023524 DI 10.1117/1.2953971 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200029 ER PT J AU Pouliot, G Pace, T Roy, B Pierce, T Mobley, D AF Pouliot, George Pace, Tom Roy, Biswadev Pierce, Thomas Mobley, David TI Development of a biomass burning emissions inventory by combining satellite and ground-based information SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Biomass Burning emission inventory; Satellite-based; Ground-based; wildfires AB A 2005 biomass burning (wildfire, prescribed, and agricultural) emission inventory has been developed for the contiguous United States using a newly developed simplified method of combining information from multiple sources for use in the US EPA's National Emission Inventory (NEI). Our method blends the temporal and spatial resolution of the remote sensing information with the ground based fire size estimate. This method is faster and considerably less expensive than the method used for the 2002 National Emissions Inventory and is more accurate than methods used for 2001 and prior years. In addition, the 2005 fire inventory is the first EPA inventory utilizing remote sensing information. A comparison with the 2002 inventory for wildfire, prescribed, and agricultural fires indicates a large year-to-year variability in wildfire emissions and less variation for prescribed and agricultural fires. Total PM2.5 emissions from wildfires, prescribed burning, and agricultural burning for the contiguous United States were estimated to be 109,000 short tons, 209,000 short tons, and 232,000 short tons, respectively, for 2005. Our total emission estimate for 2005 is 550,000 short tons. Our analysis shows that year-to-year spatial variability accounts for the substantial difference in the wildfire emission estimates. C1 [Pouliot, George; Pierce, Thomas] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Pace, Tom] US EPA, Office & Air Qual Planning & Stand, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Roy, Biswadev; Mobley, David] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Pouliot, G (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM pouliot.george@epa.gov NR 10 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 10 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 021501 DI 10.1117/1.2939551 PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200001 ER PT J AU Shi, L Bates, JJ Li, X Uppala, SM Kelly, G AF Shi, Lei Bates, John J. Li, Xu Uppala, Sakari M. Kelly, Graeme TI Extending the satellite sounding archive back in time: the Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometer data SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometer; infrared sounder; satellite remote sensing ID VARIABILITY AB The Vertical Temperature Profile Radiometer (VTPR) was an operational 8-channel infrared sounding system mounted on the NOAA-2 through NOAA-5 spacecraft. The instrument was a predecessor of the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) on the continuing NOAA polar orbiting satellite series. The VTPR measurements covered more than six years of data from late 1972 to early 1979. Major work has been done to clear erroneous data records. Theoretical biases between similar channels of VTPR and HIRS are derived using a radiative transfer model to show the potential bias features between the observations of the two instruments. The model simulation shows that for about half of the channels the biases can be in the order of 1 K for certain temperature ranges. Because each spacecraft carried two sets of VTPR instrument, but only one set was turned on at a given time, differences between two sets of channel measurement are expected to exist. It is shown that the differences between two sets of VTPR instrument can range from nearly zero for some channels to about 2 K for other channels. To make the VTPR dataset accessible to the general scientific research community, we have processed the whole VTPR data to common formats and placed the data online along with data quality statistics. C1 [Shi, Lei; Bates, John J.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Li, Xu] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Uppala, Sakari M.; Kelly, Graeme] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Shi, L (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Lei.Shi@noaa.gov RI Bates, John/D-1012-2009 OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406 NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1931-3195 J9 J APPL REMOTE SENS JI J. Appl. Remote Sens. PY 2008 VL 2 AR 023506 DI 10.1117/1.2889435 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 417AG UT WOS:000264046200012 ER PT J AU Agrawal, MC Caudill, SB Chakraborti, S Draper, N Dryden, I Gani, J Gilmour, SG Govindarajulu, Z Hand, DJ Franses, PH Kacker, R Khamis, H Khuri, AI Lewis, T Mardia, K McLachlan, G Naik, D Prescott, P Kumar, VSS Tomizawa, S Wynn, H AF Agrawal, M. C. Caudill, Steven B. Chakraborti, S. Draper, Norman Dryden, Ian Gani, Joe Gilmour, Steven G. Govindarajulu, Z. Hand, David J. Franses, Philip Hans Kacker, Raghu Khamis, Harry Khuri, Andre I. Lewis, Toby Mardia, Kanti McLachlan, Geoff Naik, Dayanand Prescott, Phil Kumar, V. S. Sampath Tomizawa, Sadao Wynn, Henry TI Professor Gopal Kanji's retirement as editor of Journal of Applied Statistics SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED STATISTICS LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Agrawal, M. C.] Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. [Caudill, Steven B.] Auburn Univ, Auburn, AL 36849 USA. [Chakraborti, S.] Univ Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL USA. [Draper, Norman] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. [Dryden, Ian] Univ Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, England. [Gani, Joe] Australian Natl Univ, Canberra, ACT, Australia. [Gilmour, Steven G.] Univ London, Sch Math Sci, London E1 4NS, England. [Govindarajulu, Z.] Univ Kentucky, Lexington, KY USA. [Hand, David J.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci & Technol, London, England. [Franses, Philip Hans] Erasmus Univ, Erasmus Sch Econ, Rotterdam, Netherlands. [Kacker, Raghu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Khamis, Harry] Wright State Univ, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Khuri, Andre I.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Lewis, Toby] Univ East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Mardia, Kanti] Univ Leeds, Leeds, W Yorkshire, England. [McLachlan, Geoff] Univ Queensland, St Lucia, Qld 4067, Australia. [Naik, Dayanand] Old Dominion Univ, Norfolk, VA USA. [Prescott, Phil] Univ Southampton, Southampton, Hants, England. [Kumar, V. S. Sampath] Manonmaniam Sundaranar Univ, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India. [Tomizawa, Sadao] Tokyo Univ Sci, Tokyo 162, Japan. [Wynn, Henry] Univ London, Sch London Econ, London, England. RP Agrawal, MC (reprint author), Univ Delhi, Delhi 110007, India. RI Franses, Philip Hans/D-4398-2009; Dryden, Ian/F-2790-2011; McLachlan, Geoffrey/A-1491-2008; Chakraborti, Subha/A-8553-2009 OI McLachlan, Geoffrey/0000-0002-5921-3145; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU ROUTLEDGE JOURNALS, TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXFORDSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0266-4763 J9 J APPL STAT JI J. Appl. Stat. PY 2008 VL 35 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1080/02664760701814495 PG 8 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 251FB UT WOS:000252355800001 ER PT J AU Paranjpye, RN Peterson, ME Poysky, FT Eklund, MW AF Paranjpye, R. N. Peterson, M. E. Poysky, F. T. Eklund, M. W. TI Incidence, growth, and inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes in cooked and peeled cold-water shrimp SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC FOOD PRODUCT TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Listeria monocytogenes; incidence; inactivation ID PANDALUS-BOREALIS; FOODBORNE PATHOGENS; DIFFERENTIAL MEDIUM; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; RECOVERY; MICROORGANISMS; PRODUCTS; ENUMERATION; EFFICACY; POULTRY AB Cooked and peeled cold-water shrimp (Pandalus jordani) naturally contaminated with Listeria monocytogenes were obtained from a processor for a series of studies to determine the level of contamination and growth characteristics of this bacterium in the naturally contaminated product. L. monocytogenes was isolated from every 25-g sample of individually quick frozen (IQF) shrimp that was tested. The level of contamination in each composite sample ranged from 5 to 16 colony forming units (CFU) per 25 g. When individual shrimp taken from the 25-g sample portions were tested separately, samples positive for L. monocytogenes ranged from 1 of 12 to 5 of 15 shrimp tested. The project also evaluated the effectiveness of three methods to inactivate the bacterium: ozone, chlorine dioxide, and steam as possible product reconditioning strategies. Ozone and chlorine dioxide were both found to be ineffective reconditioning treatments for shrimp naturally contaminated with L. monocytogenes. Experiments with steam conducted at the laboratory and later at the shrimp processing plant verified that shrimp contaminated with L. monocytogenes could be safely reconditioned by steam pasteurization. Steam was used successfully to pasteurize several thousand pounds of contaminated shrimp in the processing plant. When the naturally contaminated product was packaged in either oxygen-permeable or impermeable films and stored at 5 degrees C and 10 degrees C, the product was deemed spoiled by sensory evaluation after 9 days of storage, at which time the L. monocytogenes population were 3 x 10(4) CFU per g. By comparison, when an isolate (strain 4311) from naturally contaminated shrimp was inoculated onto the pasteurized shrimp at a concentration of 12 cells/25g, the L. monocytogenes population reached 3.0 x 10(8) per g after 9 days of storage. The pasteurization process used in this study would fe not be ef ctive in inactivation of Clostridium bottilinum. Ready-to-eatshrimp must therefore be stored below 3 degrees C or frozen. C1 [Poysky, F. T.; Eklund, M. W.] MW Eklund & Associates Inc, Lake Forest Pk, WA 98155 USA. [Paranjpye, R. N.; Peterson, M. E.] NOAA Fisheries, US Dept Commerce, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Seattle, WA USA. RP Eklund, MW (reprint author), MW Eklund & Associates Inc, 18727 35th Ave NE, Lake Forest Pk, WA 98155 USA. EM MWEklund@comcast.net NR 39 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 2 U2 8 PU HAWORTH PRESS INC PI BINGHAMTON PA 10 ALICE ST, BINGHAMTON, NY 13904-1580 USA SN 1049-8850 J9 J AQUAT FOOD PROD T JI J. Aquat. Food Prod. Technol. PY 2008 VL 17 IS 3 BP 266 EP 284 DI 10.1080/10498850802187118 PG 19 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 337UB UT WOS:000258459900005 ER PT J AU Thacker, WC AF Thacker, W. C. TI Estimating salinity between 25 degrees and 45 degrees S in the Atlantic Ocean using local regressionle SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BRAZIL-MALVINAS CONFLUENCE; SOUTH-ATLANTIC; VARIABILITY; TEMPERATURE; CIRCULATION; TRANSPORT; BATHYTHERMOGRAPHS; SATELLITE; PROFILES; DYNAMICS AB The empirical relationship between salinity and temperature in the South Atlantic is quantified with the aid of local regression. To capture the spatial character of the TS relationship, models are fitted to data for each point on a three-dimensional grid with spacing of 1 degrees in latitude, 2 degrees in longitude, and 25 dbar in the vertical. To ensure sufficient data for statistical reliability each fit is to data from a region extending over several grid points weighted so that more remote data exert less influence than those closer to the target grid point. Both temperature and its square are used as regressors to capture the curvature seen in TS plots, and latitude and longitude are used to capture systematic spatial variations over the fitting regions. In addition to using statistics of residuals to characterize how well the models fit the data, errors for data not used in fitting are examined to verify the models' abilities to simulate independent data. The best model overall for the entire region at all depths is quadratic in temperature and linear in longitude and latitude. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Thacker, WC (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM carlisle.thacker@noaa.gov RI Thacker, Carlisle/I-3813-2013 OI Thacker, Carlisle/0000-0002-9285-8826 NR 38 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 25 IS 1 BP 114 EP 130 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHO530.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 256CC UT WOS:000252704300009 ER PT J AU Li, F Austin, J Wilson, J AF Li, Feng Austin, John Wilson, John TI The strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation in a changing climate: Coupled chemistry-climate model simulations SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC OZONE HOLE; STRATOSPHERE; TEMPERATURE; TROPOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; DEPLETION; EXCHANGE AB The strength of the Brewer-Dobson circulation (BDC) in a changing climate is studied using multidecadal simulations covering the 1960-2100 period with a coupled chemistry-climate model, to examine the seasonality of the change of the BDC. The model simulates an intensification of the BDC in both the past (1960-2004) and future (2005-2100) climate, but the seasonal cycle is different. In the past climate simulation, nearly half of the tropical upward mass flux increase occurs in December-February, whereas in the future climate simulation the enhancement of the BDC is uniformly distributed in each of the four seasons. A downward control analysis implies that this different seasonality is caused mainly by the behavior of the Southern Hemisphere planetary wave forcing, which exhibits a very different long-term trend during solstice seasons in the past and future. The Southern Hemisphere summer planetary wave activity is investigated in detail, and its evolution is found to be closely related to ozone depletion and recovery. In the model results for the past, about 60% of the lower-stratospheric mass flux increase is caused by ozone depletion, but because of model ozone trend biases, the atmospheric effect was likely smaller than this. The remaining fraction of the mass flux increase is attributed primarily to greenhouse gas increase. The downward control analysis also reveals that orographic gravity waves contribute significantly to the increase of downward mass flux in the Northern Hemisphere winter lower stratosphere. C1 [Li, Feng] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Austin, John; Wilson, John] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Li, F (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Code 613-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM fengli@welkin.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Li, Feng/H-2241-2012 NR 26 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 21 IS 1 BP 40 EP 57 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1663.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 248XN UT WOS:000252190600003 ER PT J AU Lirman, D Deangelo, G Serafy, JE Hazra, A Hazra, DS Brown, A AF Lirman, Diego Deangelo, Gregory Serafy, Joseph E. Hazra, Amit Hazra, Destiny Smith Brown, Alexandra TI Geospatial video monitoring of nearshore benthic habitats of western Biscayne Bay (Florida) using the shallow-water positioning system (SWaPS) SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE geospatial video surveys; salinity patterns; seagrass distribution; Everglades restoration ID SEAGRASS DIE-OFF; THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; CORAL COMMUNITIES; LAGUNA MADRE; PINK SHRIMP; SALINITY; ABUNDANCE; USA; MACROALGAE; MORTALITY AB The nearshore habitats of western Biscayne Bay, a shallow lagoon adjacent to the city of Miami, are influenced by salinity fluctuations caused by freshwater discharges from canals. Benthic communities in these susceptible littoral habitats have been underrepresented in monitoring programs because of the difficulties associated with boat access. In the present study, we implement a geospatial video-based survey technique, the shallow-water positioning system (SWaPS), to document the abundance and distribution of benthic organisms in these shallow habitats. Mounted on a shallow-draft vessel, SWaPS integrates a global positioning system receiver with a video camera such that each video frame recorded is stamped with position information, date, water depth, heading, and pitch and roll. The georeferenced digital frames collected can be easily analyzed to document patterns of abundance and distribution of submerged aquatic vegetation and other benthic organisms. The field surveys conducted using SWaPS showed that species distributions are influenced by their respective tolerances to salinity patterns. Seagrass species with relatively high tolerance for low, variable salinity (e.g., Halodule wrightii and Ruppia maritima) tend to have high abundance only in areas influenced directly by canal discharges, while species with relatively limited tolerance for low salinity (e.g., Thalassia testudinum) tend to increase in abundance with increasing distance from the mouths of canals. The use of video-based surveys with high spatial precision facilitates rapid, cost-effective, and repeatable monitoring of shallow marine benthic communities. The most attractive features of this system are (1) the ability to cover large areas rapidly without divers and (2) the ability to return to precise locations without establishing permanent markers (e.g., stakes). Moreover, the georeferenced digital images collected with SWaPS are a valuable permanent visual archive that can provide the baseline information needed to evaluate long-term patterns of change in environments such as western Biscayne Bay that are subject to increasing pressure from human activities. C1 [Lirman, Diego; Serafy, Joseph E.; Hazra, Amit; Brown, Alexandra] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Deangelo, Gregory] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.; Hazra, Destiny Smith] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Brown, Alexandra] Univ Miami, Dept Marine Sci, Coral Gables, FL 33124 USA. RP Lirman, D (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dlirman@rsmas.miami.edu NR 48 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 12 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1A SU S BP 135 EP 145 DI 10.2112/04-0428.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 256AW UT WOS:000252701100014 ER PT J AU Poppe, LJ Williams, SJ Moser, MS Forfinski, NA Stewart, HF Doran, EF AF Poppe, Lawrence J. Williams, S. Jeffress Moser, Marc S. Forfinski, Nicholas A. Stewart, Helen F. Doran, Elizabeth F. TI Quaternary geology and sedimentary processes in the vicinity of Six Mile Reef, eastern Long Island Sound SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE multibeam bathymetry; geological framework; estuary; coarse bedload transport; sand waves; obstacle marks; barchanoid ID SAND WAVE-FIELD; SEA; STABILITY; ESTUARY; FORMS AB Six Mile Reef, a sandy, 22-m-high shoal trending east-west and located about 7.8 km off the Connecticut coast, has a core of postglacial marine deltaic deposits mantled by tidally reworked modern sediments. Sedimentary environments off the eastern end of the shoal are characterized by processes associated with long-term erosion or nondeposition, a mobile-sediment-limited seafloor armored by gravelly sand, and scattered elongate fields of barchanoid sand waves. The barchanoid waves reach amplitudes of 20 m, are concave westward, and occur in individual and coalesced forms that become progressively more complex westward. The seafloor on and adjacent to the shoal is characterized by processes associated with coarse bedload transport and covered primarily with asymmetrical transverse sand waves. The transverse waves exceed 8 m in amplitude, have slip faces predominantly oriented to the west and southwest, and have straight, slightly sinuous, and curved crests. Megaripples, which mimic the asymmetry of the sand waves, are commonly present on stoss slopes and in troughs; current ripples are ubiquitous. The amplitude and abundance of large bedforms decrease markedly westward of Six Mile Reef. The seabed there is covered with small, degraded ripples, reflecting lower-energy environments and processes associated with sorting and reworking of seafloor sediments. Megaripples and current ripples on the sand waves suggest that transport is active and that the bedforms are propagating under the present hydraulic regime. Net bedload sediment transport is primarily to the west, as evidenced by textural trends of surficial sediments, orientation of the barchanoid waves, and asymmetry of the transverse waves and of the scour marks around bedrock outcrops, boulders, and shipwrecks. One exception occurs at the western tip of the shoal, where sand-wave morphology indicates long-term eastward transport, suggesting that countercurrents in this area shape the shoal and are important to its maintenance. C1 [Poppe, Lawrence J.; Williams, S. Jeffress] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Moser, Marc S.; Forfinski, Nicholas A.; Stewart, Helen F.] NOAA, Atlantic Hydrog Branch, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. [Doran, Elizabeth F.] Connecticut Dept Environm Protect, Hartford, CT 06106 USA. RP Poppe, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, 384 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lpoppe@usgs.gov NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 1 BP 255 EP 266 DI 10.2112/06-0743.1 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 254NF UT WOS:000252592600024 ER PT J AU Theofanos, MF Micheals, RJ Orandi, S Stanton, B Zhang, NF AF Theofanos, Mary Frances Micheals, Ross J. Orandi, Shahram Stanton, Brian Zhang, Nien Fan TI How the subject can improve fingerprint image quality SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC IMAGING LA English DT Article AB Traditionally, the biometric field has viewed the subject as a passive source of the biometric sample rather than as an interactive component of the biometric system. But fingerprint image quality is highly dependent on the human-computer interaction and usability considerations of the acquisition system. Those factors impacting the acquisition of high-quality images must be identified, and real-time feedback for subjects to ensure acceptable quality images must be integrated into fingerprint capture systems. We report on a usability study that examined the influence of instructional materials on the user (subject) performance of a 10-print slap acquisition process. In addition, we also investigated the relationship of pressure and image quality as a mechanism to provide real-time feedback to the subject The usability study included 300 participants who received instructions and interacted with the scanner How information is provided to the subject on interacting with the fingerprint device does indeed affect image quality. The pressure findings are less conclusive; there was no clear relationship between image quality and pressure that could be exploited for feedback to the subject. However, a minimum pressure was required to initiate our capture process. (C) 2008 SPIE and IS&T. C1 [Theofanos, Mary Frances; Micheals, Ross J.; Stanton, Brian] NIST, Visualizat & Usabil Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Orandi, Shahram] NIST, Informat Access Div Image Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhang, Nien Fan] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Theofanos, MF (reprint author), NIST, Visualizat & Usabil Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8940, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.theofanos@nist.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IS&T & SPIE PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1017-9909 J9 J ELECTRON IMAGING JI J. Electron. Imaging PD JAN-MAR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 AR 011007 DI 10.1117/1.2892681 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Optics; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 296BW UT WOS:000255519500008 ER PT J AU Saif, S Carey, CM Tordik, PA McClanahan, SB AF Saif, Sherma Carey, Clifton M. Tordik, Patricia A. McClanahan, Scott B. TI Effect of irrigants and cementum injury on diffusion of hydroxyl ions through the dentinal tubules SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE calcium hydroxide; diffusion; ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; hydroxyl ions; smear layer ID SMEAR LAYER REMOVAL; CALCIUM HYDROXIDE; PERMEABILITY; TEETH; EDTA AB This study measured hydroxyl ion diffusion through dentinal tubules into a bathing solution. Eighty single-canal, instrumented teeth were divided into 8 groups. Control groups 1 and 3 were irrigated with 10 mL 0.9% saline and 10 mL 6% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), respectively. Control groups 5 and 7 were irrigated with 3 mL and 1 mL 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and then 10 mL 6% NaOCl, respectively, Experimental groups 2, 4, 6, and 8 were irrigated as groups 1, 3, 5, and 7, followed by placement of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) into canals. Bathing solution pH was recorded for 30 days, a cementum defect was made, and then pH was recorded for another 30 days. With a paired difference test, average pH during steady state was statistically different and higher after the defect (P < .001). With Tukey multiple comparisons, post-defect pH for group 6 was found to be significantly greater (P < .01) than in other groups, This study indicated final canal irrigation with 3 mL 17% EDTA and 10 mL 6% NaOCl before Ca(OH)2 placement allowed the greatest hydroxyl ion diffusion to the root surface. C1 [Carey, Clifton M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbargaer Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Saif, Sherma; Tordik, Patricia A.; McClanahan, Scott B.] Naval Postgrad Dent Sch, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Tordik, PA (reprint author), 8617 Augusta Farm Lane, Laytonville, MD 20882 USA. EM patricia.tordik@med.navy.mil FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE 14707] NR 19 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 1 BP 50 EP 52 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2007.09.010 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 246BE UT WOS:000251981700010 PM 18155491 ER PT J AU Storm, B Eichmiller, FC Tordik, PA Goodell, GG AF Storm, Buffy Eichmiller, Frederick C. Tordik, Patricia A. Goodell, Gary G. TI Setting expansion of gray and white mineral trioxide aggregate and Portland cement SO JOURNAL OF ENDODONTICS LA English DT Article DE linear setting expansion; mineral trioxide aggregate; Portland cement; root repair material ID END FILLING MATERIAL; SEALING ABILITY; REPAIR; MTA; BARRIER AB One possible reason for the sealing ability of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is its slight expansion upon setting. Both gray mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA) and white mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) are composed of approximately 75% Portland cement (PC). WMTA differs from GMTA in its lower content of tetracalcium aluminoferrite. This difference in composition may affect setting expansion. The purpose of this study was to compare the hydroscopic linear setting expansions of GMTA, WMTA, and PC with a new device. Materials were mixed with water, placed into a cylindrical mold, and covered with sterile water or Hank's balanced salt solution (HBSS). Expansion changes were measured by using a linear variable displacement transformer dilatometer. One-way analysis of variance and post hoc tests (alpha = 0.05) showed the mean expansion at 24 hours was 1.02% for GMTA, 0.29% for PC, and 0.08% for WMTA in water immersion and 0.68% for GMTA and 0.11% for WMTA in HBSS immersion. GMTA expanded significantly more than WMTA in either water or HBSS immersion. C1 [Storm, Buffy; Tordik, Patricia A.; Goodell, Gary G.] Naval Postgrad Dent Sch, Bethesda, MD USA. [Eichmiller, Frederick C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Goodell, GG (reprint author), 12214 Hollow Tree Lane, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM gggoodell@aol.com NR 17 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0099-2399 J9 J ENDODONT JI J. Endod. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 34 IS 1 BP 80 EP 82 DI 10.1016/j.joen.2007.10.006 PG 3 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 246BE UT WOS:000251981700018 PM 18155499 ER PT J AU Sapozhnikova, Y Wirth, E Singhasemanon, N Bacey, J Fulton, M AF Sapozhnikova, Yelena Wirth, Edward Singhasemanon, Nan Bacey, Juanita Fulton, Michael TI Distribution of antifouling biocides in California marinas SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Article ID PAINT BOOSTER BIOCIDES; COMPOUND IRGAROL 1051; COASTAL WATERS; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT; MAJOR METABOLITE; UK ESTUARIES; CONTAMINATION; DIURON; FATE; ORGANOTINS AB Antifouling biocides are used to prevent the settlement and growth of organisms on submerged surfaces. Irgarol 1051 is currently among the most widely used organic booster biocides worldwide. This study reports Irgarol 1051, its major metabolite M1 (aka GS26575), and diuron concentrations found in selected California marinas. Seasonal water samples (n = 46) were collected during the summer and fall of 2006 from eleven marinas throughout Southern and Northern California. The samples were extracted using solid phase extraction and analysed utilizing liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) with electrospray ionization. All three compounds were detected in all samples, representing a 100% frequency of occurrence and indicating widespread use around the sampled marinas. Irgarol concentrations ranged from 12 to 712 ng L(-1) (average 102 ng L(-1)), M1 concentrations were 1-217 ng L(-1) (average 31 ng L(-1)), and diuron concentrations were 5-27 ng L(-1) (average 13 ng L(-1)). In general, concentrations of both Irgarol (15-712 ng L(-1)) and M1 (1-217 ng L(-1)) were greater in samples collected during the summer, corresponding to the peak of the boating season. The detected diuron concentrations in most cases were greater for fall samples (7-27 ng L(-1)), and probably represented a combination of non-agricultural (rights of way) and agricultural applications of diuron in California. The maximum Irgarol concentration detected in California marinas in summer 2006 (712 ng L(-1)) was five times greater than the Irgarol concentration suggested as the plant toxicity benchmark (136 ng L(-1)). Twenty three percent of samples from California marinas in this study exceeded this benchmark, suggesting that detected Irgarol concentrations may be high enough to cause changes in phytoplankton communities in the sampled marinas. C1 [Sapozhnikova, Yelena] JHT Inc, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Sapozhnikova, Yelena; Wirth, Edward; Fulton, Michael] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Wirth, Edward; Fulton, Michael] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Singhasemanon, Nan; Bacey, Juanita] Calif Dept Pesticide Regulat, Sacramento, CA 95814 USA. RP Sapozhnikova, Y (reprint author), JHT Inc, NOAA, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM yelena.sapozhnikova@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 9 BP 1069 EP 1075 DI 10.1039/b806934d PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 341TK UT WOS:000258737700008 PM 18728900 ER PT J AU Meador, JP McCarty, LS Escher, BI Adams, WJ AF Meador, James P. McCarty, Lynn S. Escher, Beate I. Adams, William J. TI 10th Anniversary Critical Review: The tissue-residue approach for toxicity assessment: concepts, issues, application, and recommendations SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING LA English DT Review ID SPECIES-SENSITIVITY DISTRIBUTIONS; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBON CRITERIA; ENERGY-TRANSDUCING MEMBRANES; FRESH-WATER INVERTEBRATES; DEPENDENT PAH TOXICITY; LETHAL BODY RESIDUES; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; MIXTURE TOXICITY; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; CHEMICAL-MIXTURES AB The tissue-residue approach for toxicity assessment (TRA) is simply the use of tissue concentrations as the dose metric for characterizing toxicant potency. There are several advantages to using tissue residues over exposure concentrations (e. g., water, sediment, and diet) to calculate toxicity metrics. These include a large reduction in toxic response variability among all species for a given compound, an improved ability to address mixture toxicity, an increased use of information on modes and mechanisms of toxic action, a likely reduction in the number of species needed to characterize toxicant potency, the potential to improve ecological risk assessments, and the generation of more scientifically defensible tissue, water, and sediment toxicity guidelines or criteria. A keystone concept for the TRA is that the body/tissue residue reflects the target "dose'' better than the traditional dose (e. g., water, air, soil/sediment, or diet) because the closer the dose surrogate is to the actual site of toxic action the less it is influenced by myriad modifying factors. Our goal for this review is to present the concepts and issues associated with the TRA and discuss some of the potential applications and expected improvements to the field of environmental toxicology that we believe will promote enhanced protection for species and ecosystems. C1 [Meador, James P.] Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program NOAA Fish, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [McCarty, Lynn S.] LS McCarty Sci Res & Consulting, Markham, ON L6C 1X8, Canada. Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol Eawag, Dept Environm Toxicol Utox, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. [Adams, William J.] Rio Tinto, Magna, UT 84044 USA. RP Meador, JP (reprint author), Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program NOAA Fish, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.meador@noaa.gov; lsmccarty@rogers.com; escher@eawag.ch; william.adams@riotinto.com RI Escher, Beate/C-7992-2009 OI Escher, Beate/0000-0002-5304-706X NR 78 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 21 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1464-0325 J9 J ENVIRON MONITOR JI J. Environ. Monit. PY 2008 VL 10 IS 12 BP 1486 EP 1498 DI 10.1039/b814041n PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Environmental Sciences SC Chemistry; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 384KJ UT WOS:000261743400013 PM 19037491 ER PT J AU Key, PB Chung, KW Hoguet, J Sapozhnikova, Y Fulton, MH AF Key, Peter B. Chung, Katy W. Hoguet, Jennifer Sapozhnikova, Yelena Fulton, Michael H. TI Effects of the anti-fouling herbicide Irgarol 1051 on two life stages of the grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE Irgarol; grass shrimp; biomarker; herbicide ID PAINT BOOSTER BIOCIDES; TOXICITY; ATRAZINE; INVERTEBRATES; EXPOSURE; LETHAL AB This study investigated lethal and sublethal effects (glutathione, lipid peroxidation, cholesterol, and acetylcholinesterase) of the anti-fouling herbicide Irgarol 1051 on larval and adult grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). The 96-hour LC50 test for larvae resulted in an estimated LC50 of 1.52 mg/L (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.26-1.85 mg/L). The adult 96-h LC50 was 2.46 mg/L (95% CI = 2.07-2.93 mg/L). Glutathione, lipid peroxidation, cholesterol and acetylcholinesterase levels were not significantly affected in adult grass shrimp by exposure of up to 3.00 mg/L irgarol. Lipid peroxidation and acetylcholinesterase levels in the larvae were significantly higher than controls in the highest irgarol exposures of 1.0 and 2.0 mg/L, respectively. Cholesterol levels were significantly reduced in larvae in all four irgarol concentrations tested while glutathione levels were not significantly affected in larvae. Both lethal and sublethal effects associated with irgarol exposure were only observed at concentrations well above those reported in the environment. C1 [Key, Peter B.; Fulton, Michael H.] Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Chung, Katy W.; Hoguet, Jennifer; Sapozhnikova, Yelena] JHT Inc, Orlando, FL USA. RP Key, PB (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. EM pete.key@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1 BP 50 EP 55 DI 10.1080/03601230701734865 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 251ET UT WOS:000252354800007 PM 18161573 ER PT J AU Hoguet, J Key, PB AF Hoguet, Jennifer Key, Peter B. TI Baseline activities of four biomarkers in three life-stages of the amphipod, Leptocheirus plumulosus SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE biomarker; glutathione; lipid peroxidation; acetylcholinesterase; cholesterol; amphipods ID SHRIMP PALAEMONETES-PUGIO; ANTIOXIDANT ENZYME-ACTIVITIES; FRESH-WATER PRAWN; GRASS SHRIMP; ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE INHIBITION; CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY; LIPID-PEROXIDATION; ACUTE TOXICITY; GLUTATHIONE; EXPOSURE AB This study investigated differences in baseline levels of four cellular biomarkers (glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (LPx), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and cholesterol (CHL)) in the larval, juvenile, and adult stages of the estuarine amphipod, Leptocheirus plumulosus. Glutathione, LPx, and AChE exhibited the same pattern of decreasing levels with increasing developmental stage. Cholesterol showed an inverse relationship of increasing levels with increasing developmental stages. This research provides valuable background information that may be used in future assessments of amphipod biomarker research. C1 [Hoguet, Jennifer] JHT Inc, Contractor Natl Ocean Serv, Orlando, FL USA. [Key, Peter B.] Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. RP Hoguet, J (reprint author), JHT Inc, Contractor Natl Ocean Serv, Orlando, FL USA. EM jen.hoguet@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 EI 1532-4109 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 465 EP 470 DI 10.1080/03601230802174565 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 331OW UT WOS:000258022500001 PM 18665981 ER PT J AU Harper, HE Pennington, PL Hoguet, J Fulton, MH AF Harper, Heather E. Pennington, Paul L. Hoguet, Jennifer Fulton, Michael H. TI Lethal and sublethal effects of the pyrethroid, bifenthrin, on grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) and sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus) SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE bifenthrin; pyrethroid; Palaemonetes pugio; Cyprinodon variegatus; oxidative stress; sublethal ID TOXICITY; PERMETHRIN; WATER; ESFENVALERATE; FENVALERATE; CALIFORNIA; EXPOSURE; DAMAGE; USA AB This study investigated the lethal and sublethal effects of the pyrethroid insecticide bifenthrin on adult and larval grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio, and adult sheepshead minnows, Cyprinodon variegatus. The effects were determined by conducting 96-h aqueous static renewal tests and 24-h static tests with sediment. Oxidative stress biomarkers, lipid peroxidation, glutathione, and catalase were also assessed. The 96-h aqueous LC50 value for adult shrimp was 0.020 g/L (95% CI: 0.015-0.025 g/L) and for larval shrimp was 0.013 g/L (95% CI: 0.011-0.016 g/L). The 96-h aqueous LC50 for adult sheepshead minnow was 19.806 g/L (95% CI: 11.886-47.250 g/L). The 24-h sediment LC50 for adult shrimp was 0.339 g/L (95% CI: 0.291-0.381 g/L) and for larval shrimp was 0.210 g/L (95% CI: 0.096-0.393 g/L). The oxidative stress assays showed some increasing trends toward physiological stress with increased bifenthrin concentrations but they were largely inconclusive. Given the sensitivity of grass shrimp to this compound in laboratory bioassays, additional work will be needed to determine if these exposure levels are environmentally relevant. C1 [Harper, Heather E.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Harper, Heather E.; Pennington, Paul L.; Hoguet, Jennifer] JHT Inc, Orlando, FL USA. [Fulton, Michael H.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. RP Pennington, PL (reprint author), JHT Inc, NOAA, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM paul.pennington@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 7 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 EI 1532-4109 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 476 EP 483 DI 10.1080/03601230802174599 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 331OW UT WOS:000258022500003 PM 18665983 ER PT J AU Rotstein, DS AF Rotstein, David S. TI How to perform a necropsy if a toxin is suspected SO JOURNAL OF EXOTIC PET MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE necropsy; toxin; toxicologic sampling; toxicologic analysis; toxic agent AB Toxicologic sampling in cases of suspected toxic exposures, be they accidental or intentional, involves not only animals, living or dead, but also the environment. Diagnosis of a toxic exposure is not just laboratory driven, but also involves history, clinical signs, diagnostic tests, and necropsy findings including gross and histologic results. Although the list of toxic agents and tests available is extensive, the samples to be collected are more focused. The purpose of this techniques article is to familiarize practitioners with the components of a toxicologic investigation and to enhance sampling techniques. Copyright 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Rotstein, David S.] Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Cooperat Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Rotstein, David S.] Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, NOAA, Cooperat Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Rotstein, DS (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Cooperat Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM drotstein@utk.edu NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1557-5063 J9 J EXOT PET MED JI J. Exot. Pet Med. PD JAN PY 2008 VL 17 IS 1 BP 39 EP 43 DI 10.1053/j.jepm.2007.12.007 PG 5 WC Veterinary Sciences SC Veterinary Sciences GA 284BH UT WOS:000254679700006 ER EF