FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Ackerman, SA Schreiner, AJ Schmit, TJ Woolf, HM Li, J Pavolonis, M AF Ackerman, Steven A. Schreiner, Anthony J. Schmit, Timothy J. Woolf, Harold M. Li, Jun Pavolonis, Michael TI Using the GOES Sounder to monitor upper level SO2 from volcanic eruptions SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SOUFRIERE HILLS; SULFUR-DIOXIDE; ASH CLOUDS; MONTSERRAT; GENERATION; AEROSOL; OZONE AB This study explores the sensitivity of the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Sounder observations to atmospheric loadings of SO2. from volcanic eruptions. The GOES Sounder offers a more rapid refresh rate than similar instruments on board polar-orbiting satellites, such as the High-Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (HIRS) carried on the NOAA and MetOp spacecraft. One of the GOES Sounder's 19 channels is in an SO2 absorption band. Simulations demonstrate that this channel, centered at approximately 7.4 mm, when combined with other channels, can detect the presence of large amounts of SO2 (e.g., greater than 50 DU) in the upper atmosphere (e. g., above 8 km). The GOES Sounder can also provide upper limits of the amount of upper level SO2, provided the atmospheric altitude of the SO2 is known. The sensitivity is demonstrated on two volcanic eruptions of the Soufriere Hills Volcano on the island of Montserrat. Through use of the GOES Sounder measurements, the advection and rapid spreading of the plume are easily observed. Efforts to fully characterize the plume size and transport are hampered by the limited spatial coverage of the current GOES Sounder. C1 [Ackerman, Steven A.; Schreiner, Anthony J.; Woolf, Harold M.; Li, Jun] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.; Pavolonis, Michael] NOAA, Adv Satellite Prod Branch, NESDIS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Ackerman, SA (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM stevea@ssec.wisc.edu RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Pavolonis, Mike/F-5618-2010; Ackerman, Steven/G-1640-2011; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015 OI Pavolonis, Mike/0000-0001-5822-219X; Ackerman, Steven/0000-0002-4476-0269; Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627 NR 25 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 14 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D14 AR D14S11 DI 10.1029/2007JD009622 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 303SO UT WOS:000256061400001 ER PT J AU Greenhagen, BT Shi, K Robinson, H Gamage, S Bera, AK Ladner, JE Parsons, JF AF Greenhagen, Bryan T. Shi, Katherine Robinson, Howard Gamage, Swarna Bera, Asim K. Ladner, Jane E. Parsons, James F. TI Crystal structure of the pyocyanin biosynthetic protein PhzS SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PSEUDOMONAS-AERUGINOSA PYOCYANIN; AIRWAY EPITHELIAL-CELLS; PHENAZINE-1-CARBOXYLIC ACID; FUNCTIONAL-ANALYSIS; HYDROXYLASE; INFECTION; ENZYME; CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; MECHANISM; CATALYSIS AB The human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces pyocyanin, a blue-pigmented phenazine derivative, which is known to play a role in virulence. Pyocyanin is produced from chorismic acid via the phenazine pathway, nine proteins encoded by a gene cluster. Phenazine-l-carboxylic acid, the initial phenazine formed, is converted to pyocyanin in two steps that are catalyzed by the enzymes PhzM and PhzS. PhzM is an adenosylmethionine dependent methyltransferase, and PhzS is a flavin dependent hydroxylase. It has been shown that PhzM is only active in the physical presence of PhzS, suggesting that a protein-protein interaction is involved in pyocyanin formation. Such a complex would prevent the release of 5-methyl-phenazine-1-carboxylate, the putative intermediate, and an apparently unstable compound. Here, we describe the three-dimensional structure of PhzS, solved by single anomalous dispersion, at a resolution of 2.4 angstrom. The structure reveals that PhzS is a member of the family of aromatic hydroxylases characterized by p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase. The flavin cofactor of PhzS is in the solvent exposed out orientation typically seen in unliganded aromatic hydroxylases. The PhzS flavin, however, appears to be held in a strained conformation by a combination of stacking interactions and hydrogen bonds. The structure suggests that access to the active site is gained via a tunnel on the opposite side of the protein from where the flavin is exposed. The C-terminal 23 residues are disordered as no electron density is present for these atoms. The probable location of the C-terminus, near the substrate access tunnel, suggests that it may be involved in substrate binding as has been shown for another structural homologue, RebC. This region also may be an element of a PhzM-PhzS interface. Aromatic hydroxylases have been shown to catalyze electrophilic substitution reactions on activated substrates. The putative PhzS substrate, however, is electron deficient and unlikely to act as a nucleophile, suggesting that PhzS may use a different mechanism than its structural relatives. C1 [Greenhagen, Bryan T.; Shi, Katherine; Bera, Asim K.; Ladner, Jane E.; Parsons, James F.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Gamage, Swarna] Univ Auckland, Sch Med, Auckland Canc Society Res Ctr, Fac Med & Hlth Sci, Auckland, New Zealand. [Robinson, Howard] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Biol, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RP Ladner, JE (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM parsonsj@umbi.umd.edu; jane.ladner@nist.gov FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI067530] NR 37 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 13 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 19 BP 5281 EP 5289 DI 10.1021/bi702480t PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 296MB UT WOS:000255547600004 PM 18416536 ER PT J AU Hendler, RW Meuse, CW AF Hendler, Richard W. Meuse, Curtis W. TI Electrogenic proton-pumping capabilities of the M-fast and M-slow photocycles of bacteriorhodopsin SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PURPLE MEMBRANE; ACTINIC LIGHT; LIPOSOMES; ENERGY; MODEL; SPECTROSCOPY; ABSORPTION; DEPENDENCE; SIGNALS; SURFACE AB The parallel model for the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) photocycle at neutral pH and a temperature near 20 degrees C contains an M-fast cycle with steps BR -> K -> L -> M(f) -> N -> O -> BR and an M-slow cycle which contains steps BR -> K -> L -> M(s) -> BR. With increasing actinic laser strength, the M-fast cycle at first rises faster than the M-slow cycle, but reaches saturation sooner and at a lower level than the M-slow cycle. The O-intermediate shows the same saturation behavior as Mf. In this paper, we show that the peak current of proton flux and the apparent voltages developed by this flux show the same saturation behavior as M(s), which is very different from that of both M(f) and O. It. is further shown that most of the proton-charge displacement is connected with the step M(s) -> BR. The optical and electrical data in these studies were collected simultaneously by a newly designed and built spectrometer which is described separately. C1 [Hendler, Richard W.] NHLBI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hendler, Richard W.; Meuse, Curtis W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Biospect Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hendler, RW (reprint author), NHLBI, Cell Biol Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rwh@helix.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 HL000518-04, Z99 HL999999] NR 31 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 13 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 19 BP 5396 EP 5405 DI 10.1021/bi701748n PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 296MB UT WOS:000255547600015 PM 18422349 ER PT J AU Hendler, RW Shrager, RI Meuse, CW AF Hendler, Richard W. Shrager, Richard I. Meuse, Curtis W. TI The ability of actinic light to modify the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle revisited: Heterogeneity vs photocooperativity SO BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID PURPLE MEMBRANES; COOPERATIVITY; SPECTROSCOPY; MOLECULES; CYCLE; MODEL AB In 1995, evidence both for photocooperativity and for heterogeneity as possible explanations for the ability of actinic light to modify the kinetics and pathways of the bacteriorhodopsin (BR) photocycle was reviewed (Shrager, R. I., Hendler, R. W., and Bose, S. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 229, 589-595). Because both concepts could be successfully modeled to experimental data and there was suggestive published evidence for both, it was concluded that both photocooperativity and heterogeneity may be involved in the adaptation of the BR photocycle to different levels of actinic light. Since that time, more information has become available and it seemed appropriate to revisit. the original question. In addition to the traditional models based on all intermediates in strict linear sequences, we have considered both homogeneous and heterogeneous models with branches. It is concluded that an explanation based on heterogeneity is more likely to be the true basis for the variation of the properties of the photocycle caused by changes in actinic light intensity. On the basis of new information presented here, it seems that a heterogeneous branched model is more likely than one with separate linear sequences. C1 [Hendler, Richard W.] NHLBI, Cell Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Shrager, Richard I.] NIH, Ctr Informat Technol, Math & Stat Comp Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Hendler, Richard W.; Meuse, Curtis W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Biospect Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hendler, RW (reprint author), NHLBI, Cell Biol Lab, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM rwh@helix.nih.gov FU Intramural NIH HHS [Z01 HL000518-04] NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0006-2960 J9 BIOCHEMISTRY-US JI Biochemistry PD MAY 13 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 19 BP 5406 EP 5416 DI 10.1021/bi701749y PG 11 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 296MB UT WOS:000255547600016 PM 18422347 ER PT J AU Guiton, BS Wu, H Davies, PK AF Guiton, Beth S. Wu, Hui Davies, Peter K. TI Neutron powder diffraction of (Nd7/12Li1/4)TiO3 nano-checkerboard superlattices SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID GROUP-THEORETICAL-ANALYSIS; PHASE-TRANSITION; PEROVSKITE; CONDUCTOR; COMBINATION; CATIONS; OXIDES; PR; ND; LN C1 [Guiton, Beth S.; Davies, Peter K.] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wu, Hui] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guiton, BS (reprint author), Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 3231 Walnut St, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. EM guiton@seas.upenn.edu; davies@seas.upenn.edu RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204 NR 21 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 13 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 9 BP 2860 EP 2862 DI 10.1021/cm800473m PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 297NM UT WOS:000255623400006 ER PT J AU Wang, XS Ma, SQ Rauch, K Simmons, JM Yuan, DQ Wang, XP Yildirim, T Cole, WC Lopez, JJ de Meijere, A Zhou, HC AF Wang, Xi-Sen Ma, Shengqian Rauch, Karsten Simmons, Jason M. Yuan, Daqian Wang, Xiaoping Yildirim, Taner Cole, William C. Lopez, Joseph J. de Meijere, Armin Zhou, Hong-Cai TI Metal-organic frameworks based on double-bond-coupled di-isophthalate linkers with high hydrogen and methane uptakes SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SELECTIVE GAS-ADSORPTION; HIGH H-2 ADSORPTION; SURFACE-AREA; MOLECULAR-SIEVE; NATURAL-GAS; STORAGE; SITES; SEPARATION; NANOTUBES AB Solvothermal reactions of Cu(NO3)(2) with azoxybenzene-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylic acid (H(4)aobtc) or trans-stilbene-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylic acid (H(4)sbtc) give rise to two isostructural microporous metal-organic frameworks, Cu-2(abtc)(H2O)(2)center dot 3DMA (PCN-10, abtc = azobenzene-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylate) and Cu-2(sbtc)(H2O)(2)center dot 3DMA (PCN-11, sbtc = trans-stilbeile-3,3',5,5'-tetracarboxylate), respectively. Both PCN-10 and PCN-11 possess significant enduring porosity with Langmuir surface areas of 1779 and 2442 m(2)/g (corresponding to BET Surface areas of 1407 or 1931 m(2)/g, respectively) and contain nanoscopic cages and coordinatively unsaturated metal centers. At 77 K, 760 Torr, the excess gravimetric (volumetric) hydrogen uptake of PCN-10 is 2.34 wt% (18.0 g/L) and that of PCN-11 can reach 2.55 wt% (19.1 g/L). Gas-adsorption studies also suggest that MOFs containing C=C double bonds are more favorable than those with N=N double bond in retaining enduring porosity after thermal activation, although N=N has slightly higher H-2 affinity. The excess gravimetric (volumetric) adsorption at 77 K saturates around 20 atm and reaches values of 4.33% (33.2 g/L) and 5.05% (37.8 g/L) for PCN-10 and PCN-11, respectively. In addition to its appreciable hydrogen uptake, PCN-11 has an excess methane uptake of 17 1 cm 3 (STP)/cm(3) at 298 K and 35 bar, approaching the DOE target of 180 v(STP)/v for methane storage at ambient temperature. Thus, PCN-11 represents one of the few materials that is applicable to both hydrogen and methane storage applications. C1 [Wang, Xi-Sen; Ma, Shengqian; Yuan, Daqian; Cole, William C.; Lopez, Joseph J.; Zhou, Hong-Cai] Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. [Rauch, Karsten; de Meijere, Armin] Univ Gottingen, Inst Org & Biomol Chem, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany. [Simmons, Jason M.; Yildirim, Taner] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simmons, Jason M.; Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Wang, Xiaoping] Univ N Texas, Dept Chem, Denton, TX 76203 USA. RP Zhou, HC (reprint author), Miami Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Oxford, OH 45056 USA. EM zhouh@muohio.edu RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; wang, Xi-Sen/B-1102-2011; Wang, Xiaoping/E-8050-2012; Ma, Shengqian/B-4022-2012; Zhou, Hong-Cai/A-3009-2011; Yuan, Daqiang/F-5695-2010; OI Wang, Xiaoping/0000-0001-7143-8112; Ma, Shengqian/0000-0002-1897-7069; Zhou, Hong-Cai/0000-0002-9029-3788; Yuan, Daqiang/0000-0003-4627-072X; Zhou, Hong-Cai/0000-0003-0115-408X; lopez, joseph/0000-0003-0821-7530 NR 71 TC 181 Z9 182 U1 18 U2 111 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD MAY 13 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 9 BP 3145 EP 3152 DI 10.1021/cm800403d PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 297NM UT WOS:000255623400051 ER PT J AU Kim, TH Doe, C Kline, SR Choi, SM AF Kim, Tae-Hwan Doe, Changwoo Kline, Steven R. Choi, Sung-Min TI Organic solvent-redispersible isolated single wall carbon nanotubes coated by in-situ polymerized surfactant monolayer SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; NONCOVALENT SIDEWALL-FUNCTIONALIZATION; WATER; SOLUBILIZATION; COMPOSITES; CHEMISTRY; MICELLES; DERIVATIVES; DISPERSION AB The dispersion of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) in solvents and their processability are of importance for various practical applications of SWNTs but have not been fully achieved yet. Here, we report the homogeneous and stable dispersion of individually isolated SWNT in alcohols using surfactant-aided noncovalent functionalization. This is the first utilization Of surfactants for the dispersion of SWNTs in alcohols. The functionalized SWNT (p-SWNTs) were fabricated by in-situ free radical polymerization of cationic surfactants, cetyltrimethylammonium 4-vinylbenzoate, covering the surface of SWNTs in water, followed by freeze-drying to obtain in powder form. The p-SWNTs are highly dispersible in alcohols such as ethanol, methanol, 1-butanol, and I-propanol by simple vortex mixing or mild sonication and mostly exist as individually isolated nanotubes. The in-situ microstructures of the p-SWNTs dispersed in alcohols were measured with small-angle neutron scattering, which shows an encapsulation of SWNTs with a swollen polymerized surfactant layer. After the p-SWNT dispersions in alcohols were completely dried, the p-SWNTs are still readily redispersible in alcohols, indicating good stability of the polymerized surfactant monolayer of p-SWNTs in alcohols. C1 [Kim, Tae-Hwan; Doe, Changwoo; Choi, Sung-Min] Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, Taejon 305701, South Korea. [Kline, Steven R.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Choi, SM (reprint author), Korea Adv Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nucl & Quantum Engn, 373-1 Guseong Dong, Taejon 305701, South Korea. EM sungmin@kaist.ac.kr RI Do, Changwoo/A-9670-2011 OI Do, Changwoo/0000-0001-8358-8417 NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD MAY 13 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 9 BP 3261 EP 3266 DI 10.1021/ma702684e PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 297YU UT WOS:000255654100044 ER PT J AU Lee, S Ratcliff, W Cheong, SW Kiryukhin, V AF Lee, Seoungsu Ratcliff, W., II Cheong, S-W. Kiryukhin, V. TI Electric field control of the magnetic state in BiFeO3 single crystals SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; MULTIFERROICS AB Single crystals of multiferroic BiFeO3 were investigated using neutron scattering. Application of an electric field reversibly switches ferroelastic domains, inducing changes in the magnetic structure which follows rotation of the structural domains. In addition, electric fields can be used to control the populations of the equivalent magnetic domains within a single ferroelastic domain, possibly via field-induced strain. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Lee, Seoungsu; Cheong, S-W.; Kiryukhin, V.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ratcliff, W., II] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kiryukhin, V (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM vkir@physics.rutgers.edu NR 12 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 44 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD MAY 12 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 19 AR 192906 DI 10.1063/1.2930678 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 310XN UT WOS:000256564200072 ER PT J AU Fuller-Rowell, TJ Akmaev, RA Wu, F Anghel, A Maruyama, N Anderson, DN Codrescu, MV Iredell, M Moorthi, S Juang, HM Hou, YT Millward, G AF Fuller-Rowell, T. J. Akmaev, R. A. Wu, F. Anghel, A. Maruyama, N. Anderson, D. N. Codrescu, M. V. Iredell, M. Moorthi, S. Juang, H. -M. Hou, Y. -T. Millward, G. TI Impact of terrestrial weather on the upper atmosphere SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID THERMOSPHERE; IONOSPHERE; SIMULATION; MODEL AB A whole atmosphere model has been developed to demonstrate the impact of terrestrial weather on the upper atmosphere. The dynamical core is based on the NWS Global Forecast System model, which has been extended to cover altitudes from the ground to 600 km. The model includes the physical processes responsible for the stochastic nature of the lower atmosphere, which is a source of variability for the upper atmosphere. The upper levels include diffusive separation, wind induced transport of major species, and uses specific enthalpy as the dependent variable, to accommodate composition dependent gas constants and specific heats. A one-year model simulation reveals planetary waves explicitly up to 100 km altitude. At higher altitude, multi-day periodicities in the dynamics appear as a modulation of tidal amplitudes, particularly the migrating semi-diurnal tide in the lower thermosphere dynamo region. The penetration of planetary wave periodicities from tropospheric weather into the upper atmosphere can explain terrestrial weather sources of variability in the thermospheric and ionospheric. C1 [Fuller-Rowell, T. J.; Akmaev, R. A.; Wu, F.; Anghel, A.; Maruyama, N.; Anderson, D. N.; Codrescu, M. V.] CIRES, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Iredell, M.; Moorthi, S.; Juang, H. -M.; Hou, Y. -T.] NOAA, NWS EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Millward, G.] Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Fuller-Rowell, TJ (reprint author), CIRES, Space Weather Predict Ctr, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tim.fuller-rowell@noaa.gov NR 17 TC 39 Z9 40 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 9 AR L09808 DI 10.1029/2007GL032911 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 300LN UT WOS:000255825400003 ER PT J AU McDermott, R Pope, SB AF McDermott, R. Pope, S. B. TI The parabolic edge reconstruction method (PERM) for Lagrangian particle advection SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE particle method; velocity reconstruction; velocity interpolation; filtered density function methods; large-eddy simulation; direct numerical simulation; turbulent reacting flow ID TURBULENT REACTIVE FLOWS; LARGE-EDDY SIMULATION; DENSITY-FUNCTION; PDF METHODS; ALGORITHM; FORMULATION AB We describe a Lagrangian particle advection scheme which is intended for use in hybrid finite-volume (FV) large-eddy simulation/filtered density function (LES/FDF) methods for low-Mach flows, but which may also be applicable to unsteady probability density function (PDF) methods, direct numerical simulation (DNS) or any other situation where tracking fluid particles is of concern. A key ingredient of the scheme is a subgrid reconstruction of the filtered velocity field with desirable divergence properties, which is necessary for accurate evolution of the particle number density. We develop reconstructions for 2D and 3D Cartesian staggered non-uniform grids. The reconstructed velocity field is continuous and piecewise parabolic in the velocity-component direction. In the direction normal to the velocity component the reconstruction is piecewise linear. The divergence of the reconstructed field is bilinear in 2D (trilinear in 3D) within a given cell and consistent with the discrete divergence given by the staggered-grid velocities. Though the reconstructed divergence field may be discontinuous from cell to cell, the norm of the differences between the vertex values of the reconstructed divergence for neighboring cells is minimized. As a consequence, the divergence is everywhere zero for the constant-density case. A two-stage Runge-Kutta scheme is employed for advancement of the particle positions. To assess the performance of the scheme we utilize a set of non-trivial velocity test functions which are designed to mimic realistic flow fields. We show that an advection scheme based on the new velocity reconstruction method is effective at maintaining an accurate particle number density in the particle-tracking limit. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [McDermott, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pope, S. B.] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP McDermott, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM randall.mcdermott@nist.gov RI Pope, Stephen/F-6268-2011 OI Pope, Stephen/0000-0001-5629-0420 NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 11 BP 5447 EP 5491 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.01.045 PG 45 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 310AR UT WOS:000256501800005 ER PT J AU Huang, XL Yang, WZ Loeb, NG Ramaswamy, V AF Huang, Xianglei Yang, Wenze Loeb, Norman G. Ramaswamy, V. TI Spectrally resolved fluxes derived from collocated AIRS and CERES measurements and their application in model evaluation: Clear sky over the tropical oceans SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EARTH RADIATION BUDGET; ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; ATMOSPHERIC INFRARED SOUNDER; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; ANGULAR-DISTRIBUTION MODELS; MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPIC DATABASE; COOLING RATES; WATER-VAPOR; TERRA SATELLITE; CLIMATE MODELS AB Spectrally resolved outgoing thermal-IR flux, the integrand of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), has a unique value in evaluating model simulations. Here we describe an algorithm for deriving such clear-sky outgoing spectral flux through the entire thermal-IR spectrum from the collocated Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) measurements over the tropical oceans. On the basis of the predefined scene types in the CERES Single Satellite Footprint (SSF) data set, spectrally dependent ADMs are developed and used to estimate the spectral flux each AIRS channel. A multivariate linear prediction scheme is then used to estimate spectral fluxes at frequencies not covered by the AIRS instrument. The whole algorithm is validated using synthetic spectra as well as the CERES OLR measurements. Using the GFDL AM2 model simulation as a case study, applications of the derived clear-sky outgoing spectral fluxes in model evaluation are illustrated. By comparing the observed spectral fluxes and simulated ones for the year of 2004, compensating errors in the simulated OLR from different absorption bands are revealed, along with the errors from frequencies within a given absorption band. Discrepancies between the simulated and observed spatial distributions and seasonal evolutions of the spectral fluxes are further discussed. The methodology described in this study can be applied to other surface types as well as cloudy-sky observations and also to corresponding model evaluations. C1 [Huang, Xianglei; Yang, Wenze] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Loeb, Norman G.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Radiat & Climate Branch, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Ramaswamy, V.] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Huang, XL (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RI Huang, Xianglei/G-6127-2011; Yang, Wenze/B-8356-2012 OI Huang, Xianglei/0000-0002-7129-614X; Yang, Wenze/0000-0001-8514-2742 NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D9 AR D09110 DI 10.1029/2007JD009219 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300MH UT WOS:000255827400002 ER PT J AU Boyar, J Peralta, R AF Boyar, Joan Peralta, Rene TI Tight bounds for the multiplicative complexity of symmetric functions SO THEORETICAL COMPUTER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE circuit complexity; multiplicative complexity; symmetric functions; multi-party computation; cryptographic proofs ID BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS; MULTIPARTY COMPUTATION; PROOFS AB The multiplicative complexity of a Boolean function f is defined as the minimum number of binary conjunction (AND) gates required to construct a circuit representing f, when only exclusive-or, conjunction and negation gates may be used. This article explores in detail the multiplicative complexity of symmetric Boolean functions. New techniques that allow such exploration are introduced. They are powerful enough to give exact multiplicative complexities for several classes of symmetric functions. In particular, the multiplicative complexity of computing the Hamming weight of n bits is shown to be exactly n - H-N(n), where H-N(n) is the Hamming weight of the binary representation of n. We also show a close relationship between the complexities of basic symmetric functions and the fractal known as Sierpinski's gasket. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Peralta, Rene] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Boyar, Joan] Univ So Denmark, Dept Math & Comp Sci, Odense, Denmark. RP Peralta, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM peralta@nist.gov OI Boyar, Joan/0000-0002-0725-8341 NR 22 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3975 J9 THEOR COMPUT SCI JI Theor. Comput. Sci. PD MAY 10 PY 2008 VL 396 IS 1-3 BP 223 EP 246 DI 10.1016/j.tcs.2008.01.030 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 305SW UT WOS:000256199100018 ER PT J AU Evans, NM Lindner, A Raikova, EV Collins, AG Cartwright, P AF Evans, Nathaniel M. Lindner, Alberto Raikova, Ekaterina V. Collins, Allen G. Cartwright, Paulyn TI Phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic parasite, Polypodium hydriforme, within the Phylum Cnidaria SO BMC EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIFE-CYCLE; MYXOZOA; USSOV; BUDDENBROCKIA; COELENTERATE; MORPHOLOGY; EVOLUTION; SEQUENCES; ACCURACY; POSITION AB Background: Polypodium hydriforme is a parasite with an unusual life cycle and peculiar morphology, both of which have made its systematic position uncertain. Polypodium has traditionally been considered a cnidarian because it possesses nematocysts, the stinging structures characteristic of this phylum. However, recent molecular phylogenetic studies using 18S rDNA sequence data have challenged this interpretation, and have shown that Polypodium is a close relative to myxozoans and together they share a closer affinity to bilaterians than cnidarians. Due to the variable rates of 18S rDNA sequences, these results have been suggested to be an artifact of long-branch attraction ( LBA). A recent study, using multiple protein coding markers, shows that the myxozoan Buddenbrockia, is nested within cnidarians. Polypodium was not included in this study. To further investigate the phylogenetic placement of Polypodium, we have performed phylogenetic analyses of metazoans with 18S and partial 28S rDNA sequences in a large dataset that includes Polypodium and a comprehensive sampling of cnidarian taxa. Results: Analyses of a combined dataset of 18S and partial 28S sequences, and partial 28S alone, support the placement of Polypodium within Cnidaria. Removal of the long-branched myxozoans from the 18S dataset also results in Polypodium being nested within Cnidaria. These results suggest that previous reports showing that Polypodium and Myxozoa form a sister group to Bilateria were an artifact of long-branch attraction. Conclusion: By including 28S rDNA sequences and a comprehensive sampling of cnidarian taxa, we demonstrate that previously conflicting hypotheses concerning the phylogenetic placement of Polypodium can be reconciled. Specifically, the data presented provide evidence that Polypodium is indeed a cnidarian and is either the sister taxon to Hydrozoa, or part of the hydrozoan clade, Leptothecata. The former hypothesis is consistent with the traditional view that Polypodium should be placed in its own cnidarian class, Polypodiozoa. C1 [Evans, Nathaniel M.; Cartwright, Paulyn] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Collins, Allen G.] NOAA, Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab,Fisheries Serv, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Raikova, Ekaterina V.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Cytol, St Petersburg 194064, Russia. [Lindner, Alberto] Univ Sao Paulo, CEBIMar, Sao Sebastiao, Brazil. RP Cartwright, P (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. EM evansnat@ku.edu; alindner@usp.br; raikova@swipnet.se; COLLINSA@si.edu; pcart@ku.edu RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Lindner, Alberto/E-1946-2013; OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Raikova, Ekaterina/0000-0002-0492-7781; Evans, Nathaniel/0000-0003-4524-372X NR 46 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 0 U2 14 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2148 J9 BMC EVOL BIOL JI BMC Evol. Biol. PD MAY 9 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 139 DI 10.1186/1471-2148-8-139 PG 12 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 308PK UT WOS:000256402300001 PM 18471296 ER PT J AU Krishnan, P Black, TA Barr, AG Grant, NJ Gaumont-Guay, D Nesic, Z AF Krishnan, Praveena Black, T. Andrew Barr, Alan G. Grant, Nicholas J. Gaumont-Guay, David Nesic, Zoran TI Factors controlling the interannual variability in the carbon balance of a southern boreal black spruce forest SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NET ECOSYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY; WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE; DOUGLAS-FIR FOREST; ASPEN FOREST; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; DECIDUOUS FOREST; ENERGY EXCHANGES; PINE FORESTS; CO2 FLUXES; PHOTOSYNTHESIS AB [1] Factors controlling the seasonal and interannual variability of net ecosystem productivity (FNEP), gross ecosystem photosynthesis (P-g), ecosystem respiration (R-e) and evapotranspiration (E) of a mature boreal black spruce forest in central Saskatchewan, Canada were investigated using eight years (1999-2006) of continuous eddy covariance measurements. During 2000-2006, which included a three-year drought, the forest was a weak sink for CO2 with annual F-NEP ranging from 27 to 80 g C m(-2) (56 +/- 21 g C m(-2) a(-1)). The beginning of the growing season occurred when daily mean air temperature exceeded 4 degrees C and the near surface soil temperature equaled or exceeded 0 degrees C. The length of the growing season varied from 186 to 232 days. During the extreme drought year (2003), the smaller reduction in annual P-g than in R-e resulted in highest F-NEP of the record. Annual F-NEP decreased slightly with increasing soil water content; however, there was evidence of increased F-NEP due to high water table conditions in 2004 because of the slightly higher decrease in R-e than P-g. Although bulk surface conductance (g(s)) decreased significantly during the dry conditions in 2003, the associated increase in D prevented a significant drop in E, which resulted in only a slight decline in evaporative fraction and almost no change in water use efficiency. Interannual variation in P-g, R-e and F-NEP in the early growing season (April-June) and late growing season (July-September) was controlled by air temperature and soil water content, respectively. However, spring (April-May) mean air temperature was the main factor determining the interannual variation in annual F-NEP. The effect of late growing season soil water content on annual P-g and R-e was greater than its effect on annual F-NEP. The results emphasize the need to consider soil moisture conditions as well as temperature when simulating the response of the carbon balance components of this ecosystems to climate change. C1 [Krishnan, Praveena] NOAA, ATDD, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Krishnan, Praveena; Black, T. Andrew; Grant, Nicholas J.; Gaumont-Guay, David; Nesic, Zoran] Univ British Columbia, Biometeorol & Soil Phys Grp, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Barr, Alan G.] Meteorol Serv Canada, Climat Res Branch, Saskatoon, SK S7N 3H5, Canada. RP Krishnan, P (reprint author), NOAA, ATDD, POB 2456, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM praveena.krishnan@noaa.gov RI Krishnan, Praveena/F-8169-2010; Barr, Alan/H-9939-2014; Nesic, Zoran/C-9655-2015 NR 62 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 31 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 9 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D9 AR D09109 DI 10.1029/2007JD008965 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300MG UT WOS:000255827300001 ER PT J AU Heiliger, C Stiles, MD AF Heiliger, Christian Stiles, M. D. TI Ab initio studies of the spin-transfer torque in magnetic tunnel junctions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MULTILAYERS; EXCHANGE; ORIGIN AB We calculate the spin-transfer torque in Fe/MgO/Fe tunnel junctions and compare the results with those for all-metallic junctions. The spin-transfer torque is interfacial due to the half-metallic nature of the Fe Delta(1) states. For samples with typical interfacial roughness, the in-plane torque varies linearly with bias and the out-of-plane torque varies quadratically, both in quantitative agreement with experiment. For ideal samples, we predict that the out-of-plane component of the torque varies linearly with bias and oscillates as a function of the ferromagnetic layer thickness. C1 [Heiliger, Christian; Stiles, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heiliger, Christian] Univ Maryland, Mryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Heiliger, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christian.heiliger@nist.gov RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 36 TC 97 Z9 98 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD MAY 9 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 18 AR 186805 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.186805 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 299QZ UT WOS:000255771400055 PM 18518405 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, A AF Ben-Naim, Arieh TI Comment on "The Kirkwood-Buff Theory of Solutions and the Local Composition of Liquid Mixtures" SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PREFERENTIAL SOLVATION; RECENT SUGGESTIONS; INTEGRALS; CRITIQUE; CORRECT; SYSTEM C1 [Ben-Naim, Arieh] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Phys Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Ben-Naim, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bureau Dr Stop 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD MAY 8 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 18 BP 5874 EP 5875 DI 10.1021/jp076633i PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 295VV UT WOS:000255502900034 PM 18407705 ER PT J AU Kim, MJ Weinman, JA Olson, WS Chang, DE Skofronick-Jackson, G Wang, JR AF Kim, Min-Jeong Weinman, J. A. Olson, W. S. Chang, D. -E. Skofronick-Jackson, G. Wang, J. R. TI A physical model to estimate snowfall over land using AMSU-B observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MICROPHYSICAL PROPERTY RETRIEVALS; MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; PRECIPITATION RETRIEVAL; MILLIMETER WAVELENGTHS; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; SURFACE EMISSIVITY; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; SINGLE-SCATTERING; ICE PARTICLE AB In this study, we present a physical model to retrieve snowfall rate over land using brightness temperature observations from NOAA's Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit-B (AMSU-B) at 89 GHz, 150 GHz, 183.3 +/- 1 GHz, 183.3 +/- 3 GHz, and 183.3 +/- 7 GHz. The retrieval model is applied to the New England blizzard of 5 March 2001 which deposited about 75 cm of snow over much of Vermont, New Hampshire, and northern New York. In this physical model, prior retrieval assumptions about snowflake shape, particle size distributions, environmental conditions, and optimization methodology have been updated. Here, single scattering parameters for snow particles are calculated with the discrete-dipole approximation (DDA) method instead of assuming spherical shapes. Five different snow particle models are considered. Snow particle size distributions are assumed to vary with air temperature and to follow aircraft measurements described by previous studies. Brightness temperatures at AMSU-B frequencies for the New England blizzard are calculated using these DDA calculated single scattering parameters and particle size distributions. The vertical profiles of pressure, temperature, relative humidity and hydrometeors are provided by MM5 model simulations. These profiles are treated as the a priori database in the Bayesian retrieval algorithm. In algorithm applications to the blizzard data, calculated brightness temperatures associated with selected database profiles agree with AMSU-B observations to within about +/- 5 K at all five frequencies. Retrieved snowfall rates compare favorably with the near-concurrent National Weather Service (NWS) radar reflectivity measurements. The relationships between the NWS radar measured reflectivities Z(e) and retrieved snowfall rate R for a given snow particle model are derived by a histogram matching technique. All of these Z(e)-R relationships fall in the range of previously established Z(e)-R relationships for snowfall. This suggests that the current physical model developed in this study can reliably estimate the snowfall rate over land using the AMSU-B measured brightness temperatures. C1 [Kim, Min-Jeong] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Kim, Min-Jeong] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Weinman, J. A.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Olson, W. S.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. [Olson, W. S.; Skofronick-Jackson, G.; Wang, J. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Chang, D. -E.] Meteorol Res Inst, Forecast Res Lab, Seoul 156720, South Korea. RP Kim, MJ (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Room 712,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM min-jeong.kim@noaa.gov RI Skofronick-Jackson, Gail/D-5354-2012 NR 51 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D9 AR D09201 DI 10.1029/2007JD008589 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300MD UT WOS:000255827000001 ER PT J AU McComiskey, A Schwartz, SE Schmid, B Guan, H Lewis, ER Ricchiazzi, P Ogren, JA AF McComiskey, Allison Schwartz, Stephen E. Schmid, Beat Guan, Hong Lewis, Ernie R. Ricchiazzi, Paul Ogren, John A. TI Direct aerosol forcing: Calculation from observables and sensitivities to inputs SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL RADIATION BUDGET; ANTHROPOGENIC AEROSOLS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SULFATE AEROSOLS; CLIMATE; SATELLITE; SURFACE; UNCERTAINTIES; INSTRUMENT; IRRADIANCE AB Understanding sources of uncertainty in aerosol direct radiative forcing (DRF), the difference in a given radiative flux component with and without aerosol, is essential to quantifying changes in Earth's radiation budget. We examine the uncertainty in DRF owing to measurement uncertainty in the quantities on which it depends: aerosol optical depth, single scattering albedo, asymmetry parameter, solar geometry, and surface albedo. Direct radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere and at the surface is calculated at three locations representing distinct aerosol types and radiative environments. Sensitivities, the changes in DRF in response to unit changes in individual aerosol or surface properties, are also calculated for these conditions. The uncertainty in DRF associated with a given property is computed as the product of the sensitivity and typical measurement uncertainty in the respective property. Sensitivity and uncertainty values permit estimation of total uncertainty in calculated DRF and identification of properties that most limit accuracy in estimating forcing. Absolute total uncertainties in modeled local diurnally averaged forcing range from 0.2 to 3.1 W m(-2) for the ranges of properties examined here. Relative total uncertainties range from similar to 20 to 80% with larger values at higher latitudes, where fluxes are low. The largest contributor to total uncertainty in DRF is single scattering albedo; however, decreasing measurement uncertainties for any property would increase accuracy in DRF. Comparison of two radiative transfer models suggests the contribution of modeling error is small compared to the total uncertainty although comparable to uncertainty arising from some individual properties. C1 [McComiskey, Allison] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Schwartz, Stephen E.; Lewis, Ernie R.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Div Atmospher Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Schmid, Beat] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Guan, Hong] Bay Area Environm Res Inst, Sonoma, CA USA. [Ricchiazzi, Paul] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Earth Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Ogren, John A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP McComiskey, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, R GMD-1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM allison.mccomiskey@noaa.gov; beat.schmid@pnl.gov; guan@clio.arc.nasa.gov; elewis@bnl.gov; paul@icess.ucsb.edu; john.a.ogren@noaa.gov RI Schwartz, Stephen/C-2729-2008; McComiskey, Allison/I-3933-2013; Ogren, John/M-8255-2015; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Schwartz, Stephen/0000-0001-6288-310X; McComiskey, Allison/0000-0002-6125-742X; Ogren, John/0000-0002-7895-9583; NR 44 TC 78 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D9 AR D09202 DI 10.1029/2007JD009170 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300MD UT WOS:000255827000002 ER PT J AU Nassar, R Logan, JA Worden, HM Megretskaia, IA Bowman, KW Osterman, GB Thompson, AM Tarasick, DW Austin, S Claude, H Dubey, MK Hocking, WK Johnson, BJ Joseph, E Merrill, J Morris, GA Newchurch, M Oltmans, SJ Posny, F Schmidlin, FJ Vomel, H Whiteman, DN Witte, JC AF Nassar, Ray Logan, Jennifer A. Worden, Helen M. Megretskaia, Inna A. Bowman, Kevin W. Osterman, Gregory B. Thompson, Anne M. Tarasick, David W. Austin, Shermane Claude, Hans Dubey, Manvendra K. Hocking, Wayne K. Johnson, Bryan J. Joseph, Everette Merrill, John Morris, Gary A. Newchurch, Mike Oltmans, Samuel J. Posny, Francoise Schmidlin, F. J. Voemel, Holger Whiteman, David N. Witte, Jacquelyn C. TI Validation of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) nadir ozone profiles using ozonesonde measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MAPPING SPECTROMETER; CLIMATOLOGY; VARIABILITY; SATELLITE; MODEL; TOMS AB We compare Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) version 2 (V002) nadir ozone profiles with ozonesonde profiles from the Intercontinental Chemical Transport Experiment Ozonesonde Network Study, the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Data Center, the Global Monitoring Division of the Earth System Research Laboratory, and the Southern Hemisphere Additional Ozonesonde archives. Approximately 1600 coincidences spanning 72.5 degrees S - 80.3 degrees N from October 2004 to October 2006 are found. The TES averaging kernel and constraint are applied to the ozonesonde data to account for the TES measurement sensitivity and vertical resolution. TES sonde differences are examined in six latitude zones after excluding profiles with thick high clouds. Values for the bias and standard deviation are determined using correlations of mean values of TES ozone and sonde ozone in the upper troposphere (UT) and lower troposphere (LT). The UT biases range from 2.9 to 10.6 ppbv, and the LT biases range from 3.7 to 9.2 ppbv, excluding the Arctic and Antarctic LT where TES sensitivity is low. A similar approach is used to assess seasonal differences in the northern midlatitudes where the density and frequency of sonde measurements are greatest. These results are briefly compared to TES V001 ozone validation work which also used ozonesondes but was carried out prior to improvements in the radiometric calibration and ozone retrieval in V002. Overall, the large number of TES and sonde comparisons indicate a positive bias of approximately 3 - 10 ppbv for the TES V002 nadir ozone data set and have helped to identify areas of potential improvement for future retrieval versions. C1 [Nassar, Ray; Logan, Jennifer A.; Megretskaia, Inna A.] Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. [Austin, Shermane] CUNY Medgar Evers Coll, Brooklyn, NY 11225 USA. [Bowman, Kevin W.; Osterman, Gregory B.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Claude, Hans] Deutsch Wetterdienst Meteorol Observ, D-82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Dubey, Manvendra K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hocking, Wayne K.] Univ Western Ontario, Dept Phys & Astron, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Johnson, Bryan J.; Oltmans, Samuel J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tarasick, David W.] Environm Canada, Expt Studies, Air Qual Res Div, Downsview, ON, Canada. [Thompson, Anne M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Worden, Helen M.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nassar, R (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Engn & Appl Sci, Pierce Hall,29 Oxford St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA. EM ray@io.as.harvard.edu; jal@io.harvard.edu; hmw@ucar.edu; iam@io.harvard.edu; kevin.bowman@jpl.nasa.gov; gregory.b.osterman@jpl.nasa.gov; anne@met.psu.edu; david.n.whiteman@nasa.gov; saustin@mec.cuny.edu; hans.claude@dwd.de; dubey@lanl.gov; whocking@uwo.ca; bryan.johnson@noaa.gov; ejoseph@howard.edu; jmerrill@gso.uri.edu; gary.morris@valpo.edu; mike@nsstc.uah.edu; samuel.j.oltmans@noaa.gov; francoise.posny@univ-reunion.fr; fjs@osb1.wff.nasa.gov; holger.voemel@colorado.edu; david.tarasick@ec.gc.ca; witte@gavial.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Thompson, Anne /C-3649-2014; OI Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; Thompson, Anne /0000-0002-7829-0920; Nassar, Ray/0000-0001-6282-1611; Tarasick, David/0000-0001-9869-0692 NR 37 TC 107 Z9 108 U1 3 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15S17 DI 10.1029/2007JD008819 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 300MI UT WOS:000255827500002 ER PT J AU Levard, C Rose, J Masion, A Doelsch, E Borschneck, D Olivi, L Dominici, C Grauby, O Woicik, JC Bottero, JY AF Levard, Clement Rose, Jerome Masion, Armand Doelsch, Emmanuel Borschneck, Daniel Olivi, Luca Dominici, Christian Grauby, Olivier Woicik, Joseph C. Bottero, Jean-Yves TI Synthesis of large quantities of single-walled aluminogermanate nanotube SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MIXED-OXIDE NANOTUBES; ALUMINUM SILICATE; IMOGOLITE; ALUMINOSILICATE; DIMENSIONS; ALLOPHANE; ARRAYS AB A simple aqueous synthesis yielded about 100 times more structurally well-organized single-walled aluminogermanate nanotubes than previously reported "standard" procedures. The structure analyses using XRD, IRTF, TEM, and XAS were greatly facilitated by the high concentrations available, and they ascertained the imogolite-like structure of the nanotubes. Simplicity and yield of the synthesis protocol are likely to favor commercial applications of theses materials as well as simplified syntheses of other nanophases. C1 Aix Marseille Univ, CEREGE, F-13545 Aixen P, France. FR ECCOREV, UMR 6635, CEREGE, CNRS, F-13545 Aixen P, France. Environm Risks Recycling Res Unit, CIRAD, F-13545 Aixen P, France. Sychrotron Light Source, ELETTRA, I-34012 Trieste, Italy. Aix Marseille Univ, CP2M, F-13397 Marseille, France. CINAM, F-13288 Marseille, France. NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levard, C (reprint author), Aix Marseille Univ, CEREGE, F-13545 Aixen P, France. EM levard@cerege.fr RI doelsch, emmanuel/C-1404-2008 OI doelsch, emmanuel/0000-0002-7478-4296 NR 24 TC 44 Z9 44 U1 1 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0002-7863 J9 J AM CHEM SOC JI J. Am. Chem. Soc. PD MAY 7 PY 2008 VL 130 IS 18 BP 5862 EP + DI 10.1021/jaB01045a PG 3 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 297PU UT WOS:000255629400016 PM 18399635 ER PT J AU Penland, C Matrosova, L AF Penland, Cecile Matrosova, Ludmila TI A Southern Hemisphere footprint in American Midwest precipitation SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; OSCILLATION PATTERN-ANALYSIS; SST ANOMALIES; EL-NINO; PACIFIC; PREDICTION; VARIABILITY; MODEL; ENSO AB A non-normal filter is used to isolate the El Nino signal in tropical south Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs). In boreal fall, the resulting index is significantly anticorrelated with precipitation in the American Midwest two to three seasons later. The phenomenological reasons for the relationship are explored in this article. C1 [Penland, Cecile; Matrosova, Ludmila] NOAA, ESRL, PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Penland, Cecile; Matrosova, Ludmila] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Penland, C (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cecile.penland@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 9 AR L09703 DI 10.1029/2008GL033612 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 300LG UT WOS:000255824700002 ER PT J AU Liu, Y Kabbour, H Brown, CM Neumann, DA Ahn, CC AF Liu, Yun Kabbour, Houria Brown, Craig M. Neumann, Dan A. Ahn, Channing C. TI Increasing the density of adsorbed hydrogen with coordinatively unsaturated metal centers in metal-organic frameworks SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID HIGH-SURFACE-AREA; STORAGE; SITES; UNITS AB Storing molecular hydrogen in porous media is one of the promising avenues for mobile hydrogen storage. In order to achieve technologically relevant levels of gravimetric density, the density of adsorbed H-2 must be increased beyond levels attained for typical high surface area carbons. Here, we demonstrate a strong correlation between exposed and coordinatively unsaturated metal centers and enhanced hydrogen surface density in many framework structures. We show that the MOF-74 framework structure with open Zn2+ sites displays the highest surface density for physisorbed hydrogen in framework structures. Isotherm and neutron scattering methods are used to elucidate the strength of the guest-host interactions and atomic-scale bonding of hydrogen in this material. As a metric with which to compare adsorption density with other materials, we define a surface packing density and model the strength of the H-2-surface interaction required to decrease the H-2-H-2 distance and to estimate the largest possible surface packing density based on surface physisorption methods. C1 [Kabbour, Houria; Ahn, Channing C.] CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Liu, Yun; Brown, Craig M.; Neumann, Dan A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Bethesda, MD USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ahn, CC (reprint author), CALTECH, Div Engn & Appl Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM cca@caltech.edu RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Kabbour, Houria/0000-0002-9081-3261 NR 22 TC 172 Z9 174 U1 8 U2 64 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 9 BP 4772 EP 4777 DI 10.1021/la703864a PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 294UP UT WOS:000255432000055 PM 18366228 ER PT J AU Tang, J Jofre, AM Lowman, GM Kishore, RB Reiner, JE Helmerson, K Goldner, LS Greene, ME AF Tang, Jianyong Jofre, Ana M. Lowman, Geoffrey M. Kishore, Rani B. Reiner, Joseph E. Helmerson, Kristian Goldner, Lori S. Greene, Mark E. TI Green fluorescent protein in inertially injected aqueous nanodroplets SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID IN-OIL EMULSION; SINGLE MOLECULES; ANISOTROPY; DYNAMICS; MANIPULATION; COMPARTMENTS; DROPLETS AB We inertially inject and study the contents of optically trappable aqueous nanodroplets (hydrosomes) emulsified in a perfluorinated matrix. A new piezoelectric actuated device for production of single hydrosomes on demand is introduced. Hydrosomes containing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) were injected, optically trapped, and held at the focus of an excitation laser in a confocal microscope, and single-molecule photobleaching events were observed. The rotational diffusion time of EGFP in trapped hydrosomes was measured using time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy. In free solution, the mean rotational diffusion time was determined to be 13.8 +/- 0.1 ns at 3 mu M and 14.0 +/- 0.2 ns at 10 mu M. In hydrosomes, the mean rotational diffusion time was similar and determined to be 12.6 +/- 1.0 ns at 3 mu M and 15.5 +/- 1.6 ns at 10 mu M. We conclude that the rotational motion inside the nanodroplets is consistent with rotation in free solution and that the protein therefore does not aggregate at the water-oil interface. Protein can be confined in hydrosomes with high efficiency using this technique, which provides an alternative to surface attachment or lipid encapsulation and opens up new avenues of research using single molecules contained in fluid nanovolumes. C1 [Tang, Jianyong; Jofre, Ana M.; Lowman, Geoffrey M.; Kishore, Rani B.; Helmerson, Kristian; Goldner, Lori S.; Greene, Mark E.] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reiner, Joseph E.] NIST, EEEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Goldner, LS (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lori.goldner@nist.gov RI Reiner, Joseph/B-7893-2013; Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013; OI Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703 NR 20 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 8 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 9 BP 4975 EP 4978 DI 10.1021/la800329k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 294UP UT WOS:000255432000082 PM 18366235 ER PT J AU Haggenmueller, R Rahatekar, SS Fagan, JA Chun, JH Becker, ML Naik, RR Krauss, T Carlson, L Kadla, JF Trulove, PC Fox, DF DeLong, HC Fang, ZC Kelley, SO Gilman, JW AF Haggenmueller, Reto Rahatekar, Sarneer S. Fagan, Jeffrey A. Chun, Jaehun Becker, Matthew L. Naik, Rajesh R. Krauss, Todd Carlson, Lisa Kadla, John F. Trulove, Paul C. Fox, Douglas F. DeLong, Hugh C. Fang, Zhichao Kelley, Shana O. Gilman, Jeffrey W. TI Comparison of the quality of aqueous dispersions of single wall carbon nanotubes using surfactants and biomolecules SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID WATER-SOLUBILIZATION; DNA; PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEPARATION; POLYMER; BUNDLES AB The use of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in current and future applications depends on the ability to process SWCNTs in a solvent to yield high-quality dispersions characterized by individual SWCNTs and possessing a minimum of SWCNT bundles. Many approaches for the dispersion of SWCNTs have been reported. However, there is no general assessment which compares the relative quality and dispersion efficiency of the respective methods. Herein we report a quantitative comparison of the relative ability of "wrapping polymers" including oligonucleotides, peptides, lignin, chitosan, and cellulose and surfactants such as cholates, ionic liquids, and organosulfates to disperse SWCNTs in water. Optical absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy provide quantitative characterization (amount of SWCNTs that can be suspended by a given surfactant and its ability to debundle SWCNTs) of these suspensions. Sodium deoxy cholate (SDOCO), oligonucleotides (GT)(15), (GT)(10), (AC)(15), (AC)(10), C(10-30), and carboxymethylcellulose (CBMC-250K) exhibited the highest quality suspensions of the various systems studied in this work. The information presented here provides a good framework for further study of SWCNT purification and applications. C1 [Haggenmueller, Reto; Rahatekar, Sarneer S.; Gilman, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Chun, Jaehun; Becker, Matthew L.] NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Naik, Rajesh R.] Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Krauss, Todd; Carlson, Lisa] Univ Rochester, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14627 USA. [Kadla, John F.] Univ British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. [Trulove, Paul C.; Fox, Douglas F.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [DeLong, Hugh C.] Air Force Off Sci Res, Air Force Res Lab, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Fang, Zhichao; Kelley, Shana O.] Univ Toronto, Fac Pharm, Fac Med Biochem, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada. RP Gilman, JW (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov RI Rahatekar, Sameer/A-6008-2012; OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554; Krauss, Todd/0000-0002-4860-874X; Kelley, Shana/0000-0003-3360-5359 NR 42 TC 138 Z9 139 U1 6 U2 81 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD MAY 6 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 9 BP 5070 EP 5078 DI 10.1021/la703008r PG 9 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 294UP UT WOS:000255432000095 PM 18442227 ER PT J AU Tirumala, VR Romang, A Agarwal, S Lin, EK Watkins, JJ AF Tirumala, Vijay R. Romang, Alvin Agarwal, Sumit Lin, Eric K. Watkins, James J. TI Well ordered polymer melts from blends of disordered triblock copolymer surfactants and functional homopolymers SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; MESOPOROUS SILICA; THIN-FILMS; MICROPHASE; THERMODYNAMICS; MORPHOLOGY; SEPARATION; TEMPLATES; BEHAVIOR AB Addition of a functional homopolymer induces disorder-to-order transition in commercially available Pluronic surfactant melts. This approach may facilitate the use of amphiphilic surfactants in the industrial fabrication of structured nanomaterials. C1 [Tirumala, Vijay R.; Romang, Alvin; Agarwal, Sumit; Watkins, James J.] Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Lin, Eric K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Watkins, JJ (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM watkins@polysci.umass.edu RI Agarwal, Sumit/D-8950-2011 NR 30 TC 54 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 35 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAY 5 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1603 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200701577 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 306QN UT WOS:000256263000001 ER PT J AU Fagan, JA Becker, ML Chun, J Hobbie, EK AF Fagan, Jeffrey A. Becker, Matthew L. Chun, Jaehun Hobbie, Erik K. TI Length fractionation of carbon nanotubes using centrifugation SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID SIZE-EXCLUSION CHROMATOGRAPHY; ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SINGLE-WALLED NANOTUBES; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; SEPARATION; DISPERSION; PURIFICATION AB Scalable separation of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs)by length and chirality is critical to the adaptation of these materials for applications. Ultracentrifugation of SWCNTs within a density gradient produces chiral separation of the NTs, and it is shown here that ultracentrifugation can also be used to produce length fractionated SWCNTs by exploiting their transient motion in response to applied centripetal acceleration. C1 [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Becker, Matthew L.; Chun, Jaehun; Hobbie, Erik K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013; OI Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 NR 25 TC 120 Z9 123 U1 5 U2 49 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD MAY 5 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 9 BP 1609 EP + DI 10.1002/adma.200702353 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 306QN UT WOS:000256263000002 ER PT J AU Kroon, M Petropavlovskikh, I Shetter, R Hall, S Ullmann, K Veefkind, JP McPeters, RD Browell, EV Levelt, PF AF Kroon, M. Petropavlovskikh, I. Shetter, R. Hall, S. Ullmann, K. Veefkind, J. P. McPeters, R. D. Browell, E. V. Levelt, P. F. TI OMI total ozone column validation with Aura-AVE CAFS observations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MONITORING INSTRUMENT AB In this paper we present validation results of the total ozone column data products of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) by using airborne observations by the CCD Actinic Flux Spectrometer (CAFS) instrument. CAFS was flown during Aura Validation Experiment (AVE) campaigns organized by NASA in support of the validation of EOS-Aura satellite data products. The accuracy of individual CAFS total ozone column estimates of 2.0% on average is sufficient to meet the OMI validation requirements of 3.0%. A climatology was used to estimate the ozone column below the aircraft altitude. AVE validation results show that the OMI-TOMS total ozone column data product is of overall high quality as CAFS and OMI-TOMS agree to within less than 1% with a standard deviation of 8 DU (2-3%) with no significant dependence on total ozone column, latitude, cloud fraction, or solar zenith angle. The primary shortcoming in OMI-DOAS collection 2 total ozone column data is the air mass factor reflected in the dependence on solar zenith angle of the CAFS and OMI-DOAS total ozone column difference. Fortunately, the CAFS aircraft data collected during AVE provided useful insights that could not be obtained in any other way into where OMI satellite data retrieval improvements were needed. For OMI-DOAS collection 3 the air mass factor issue has been solved by calibration optimization and retrieval algorithm improvements, bringing airborne CAFS and OMI-DOAS satellite data to agreement within less than 1.5% with a standard deviation of 9 DU (2-3%), in compliance with the OMI validation requirements. C1 [Kroon, M.; Veefkind, J. P.; Levelt, P. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Browell, E. V.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Shetter, R.; Hall, S.; Ullmann, K.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [McPeters, R. D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kroon, M (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. EM mark.kroon@knmi.nl RI McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013 OI McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462 NR 23 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 2 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15S13 DI 10.1029/2007JD008795 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297CJ UT WOS:000255594400002 ER PT J AU McPeters, R Kroon, M Labow, G Brinksma, E Balis, D Petropavlovskikh, I Veefkind, JP Bhartia, PK Levelt, PF AF McPeters, R. Kroon, M. Labow, G. Brinksma, E. Balis, D. Petropavlovskikh, I. Veefkind, J. P. Bhartia, P. K. Levelt, P. F. TI Validation of the Aura Ozone Monitoring Instrument total column ozone product SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STANDARD AB This paper is an overview of the validation of the total column ozone data products from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on board the NASA EOS- Aura satellite. OMI is an imaging UV/visible spectrometer that maps global ozone on a daily basis. There are two ozone products from OMI, one derived using the traditional TOMS retrieval algorithm and another derived using a Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy algorithm that is being developed to take advantage of the hyperspectral capabilities of OMI. Validation is primarily performed through comparison with a network of Dobson and Brewer ground stations and secondarily through campaigns conducted specifically to validate Aura. Comparison with an ensemble of 76 Northern Hemisphere ground stations shows that OMI-TOMS total column ozone averages 0.4% higher than the station average, with station-to-station standard deviation of +/- 0.6%. The comparison shows that the OMI-TOMS ozone was stable over the 2-year period with no evidence of drift relative to the ground network. The OMI-DOAS product is also stable but with a 1.1% offset and a seasonal variation of +/- 2%. During four aircraft validation campaigns using the NASA DC-8 and WB-57 aircraft, ozone above the aircraft was measured using an actinic flux instrument and compared with OMI ozone. These comparisons showed agreement within 2% over a broad range of latitude and viewing conditions. Only during the high-latitude flights did the OMI-DOAS ozone show the effects of a solar zenith angle dependent error. C1 [McPeters, R.; Bhartia, P. K.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Balis, D.] Aristotle Univ Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece. [Kroon, M.; Brinksma, E.; Veefkind, J. P.; Levelt, P. F.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Labow, G.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Petropavlovskikh, I.] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP McPeters, R (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Code 613-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RI McPeters, Richard/G-4955-2013 OI McPeters, Richard/0000-0002-8926-8462 NR 18 TC 88 Z9 90 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD MAY 2 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15S14 DI 10.1029/2007JD008802 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297CJ UT WOS:000255594400003 ER PT J AU Stramma, L Johnson, GC Sprintall, J Mohrholz, V AF Stramma, Lothar Johnson, Gregory C. Sprintall, Janet Mohrholz, Volker TI Expanding oxygen-minimum zones in the tropical oceans SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID EXTINCTION; SEA AB Oxygen-poor waters occupy large volumes of the intermediate- depth eastern tropical oceans. Oxygen- poor conditions have far- reaching impacts on ecosystems because important mobile macroorganisms avoid or cannot survive in hypoxic zones. Climate models predict declines in oceanic dissolved oxygen produced by global warming. We constructed 50- year time series of dissolved- oxygen concentration for select tropical oceanic regions by augmenting a historical database with recent measurements. These time series reveal vertical expansion of the intermediate- depth low- oxygen zones in the eastern tropical Atlantic and the equatorial Pacific during the past 50 years. The oxygen decrease in the 300- to 700- m layer is 0.09 to 0.34 micromoles per kilogram per year. Reduced oxygen levels may have dramatic consequences for ecosystems and coastal economies. C1 [Stramma, Lothar] Univ Kiel, Inst Meereswissensch, GEOMAR, IFM, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. [Johnson, Gregory C.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Sprintall, Janet] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Mohrholz, Volker] Balt Sea Res Inst Warnemunde, D-18112 Rostock, Germany. RP Stramma, L (reprint author), Univ Kiel, Inst Meereswissensch, GEOMAR, IFM, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany. EM lstramma@ifm-geomar.de RI Reboreda, Rosa/A-2518-2012; Johnson, Gregory/I-6559-2012; OI Johnson, Gregory/0000-0002-8023-4020; Mohrholz, Volker/0000-0003-0778-9182; Stramma, Lothar/0000-0003-1391-4808 NR 19 TC 486 Z9 500 U1 32 U2 219 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD MAY 2 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5876 BP 655 EP 658 DI 10.1126/science.1153847 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 295DD UT WOS:000255454300043 PM 18451300 ER PT J AU Eklund, EJ Shkel, AM Knappe, SA Donley, E Kitching, J AF Eklund, E. Jesper Shkel, Andrei M. Knappe, Svenj A. Donley, Elizabeth Kitching, John TI Glass-blown spherical microcells for chip-scale atomic devices SO SENSORS AND ACTUATORS A-PHYSICAL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS 2007) CY JAN 21-25, 2007 CL Kobe, JAPAN SP IEEE DE atomic microdevices; glass spheres; microcells; micro glass blowing; micromachining; vapor cells ID VAPOR CELLS; RELAXATION; NUCLEI AB This paper demonstrates spherical vapor cells intended to be used in chip-scale atomic devices. A micro glass blowing process is introduced, in which multiple glass spheres are simultaneously shaped on the top of a silicon wafer and subsequently filled with rubidium. In the presented fabrication process, an array of cylindrical cavities is first etched in silicon. Next, a thin glass wafer is anodically bonded to the silicon wafer. The bonded wafers are then placed inside a furnace set to 850 degrees C. At this elevated temperature, the viscosity of the glass is decreased and the heated trapped gas in the cavities expands, thus causing the glass to be blown into spherical cells. Microscopic alkali vapor cells are achieved by evaporation of Rb-87 through a small glass nozzle into the cell cavities. The cells are then sealed by anodic bonding. The fabricated cells are characterized and the presence of rubidium vapor inside the cells is verified by observing an absorption spectrum. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Eklund, E. Jesper; Shkel, Andrei M.] Univ Calif Irvine, Microsyst Lab, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Knappe, Svenj A.; Donley, Elizabeth; Kitching, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Eklund, EJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Microsyst Lab, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM eeklund@uci.edu RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 23 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0924-4247 J9 SENSOR ACTUAT A-PHYS JI Sens. Actuator A-Phys. PD MAY 2 PY 2008 VL 143 IS 1 BP 175 EP 180 DI 10.1016/j.sna.2007.10.006 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 295CT UT WOS:000255453300025 ER PT J AU Duewer, DL AF Duewer, David Lee TI A comparison of location estimators for interlaboratory data contaminated with value and uncertainty outliers SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Article DE consensus value; interlaboratory comparisons; measurement uncertainty; mixture models; Monte Carlo evaluation; probability density function; robustness; weighting function ID KEY COMPARISON DATA; STATISTICS; KCRV AB While estimation of measurement uncertainty (MU) is increasingly acknowledged as an essential component of the chemical measurement process, there is little agreement on how best to use even nominally well-estimated MU. There are philosophical and practical issues involved in defining what is "best" for a given data set; however, there is remarkably little guidance on how well different MU-using estimators perform with imperfect data. This report characterizes the bias, efficiency, and robustness properties for several commonly used or recently proposed estimators of true location, mu, using "Monte Carlo" (MC) evaluation of "measurement" data sets drawn from well-defined distributions. These synthetic models address a number of issues pertinent to interlaboratory comparisons studies. While the MC results do not provide specific guidance on "which estimator is best" for any given set of real data, they do provide broad insight into the expected relative performance within broadly defined scenarios. Perhaps the broadest and most emphatic guidance from the present study is that (1) well-estimated measurement uncertainties can be used to improve the reliability of location determination and (2) some approaches to using measurement uncertainties are better than others. The traditional inverse squared uncertainty-weighted estimators perform well only in the absence of unrepresentative values (value outliers) or underestimated uncertainties (uncertainty outliers); even modest contamination by such outliers may result in relatively inaccurate estimates. In contrast, some inverse total variance-weighted-estimators and probability density function area-based estimators perform well for all scenarios evaluated, including underestimated uncertainties, extreme value outliers, and asymmetric contamination. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duewer, DL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Stop 8390, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.duewer@NIST.gov RI Duewer, David/B-7410-2008 NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 13 IS 4-5 BP 193 EP 216 DI 10.1007/s00769-008-0360-3 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 287BZ UT WOS:000254892800003 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP AF Bentz, Dale P. TI Virtual pervious concrete: Microstructure, percolation, and permeability SO ACI MATERIALS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE freezing-and-thawing; microstructure; percolation; permeability; pervious concrete; void ID POROUS-MEDIA; MODEL; TRANSPORT AB As the usage of pervious concrete continues to increase dramatically, a better understanding of the linkages between microstructure, transport properties, and durability will assist suppliers in mixture proportioning and design. This paper presents various virtual pervious concrete microstructural models and compares their percolation characteristics and computed transport properties to those of real world pervious concretes. Of the various virtual pervious concretes explored in this study, one based on a correlation filter three-dimensional reconstruction algorithm clearly provides a void structure closest to that achieved in real pervious concretes. Extensions to durability issues, such as freezing-and-thawing resistance and clogging, that use further analysis of the virtual pervious concrete's void structure are introduced. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 17 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CONCRETE INST PI FARMINGTON HILLS PA 38800 INTERNATIONAL WAY, COUNTRY CLUB DRIVE, PO BOX 9094, FARMINGTON HILLS, MI 48333-9094 USA SN 0889-325X J9 ACI MATER J JI ACI Mater. J. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 105 IS 3 BP 297 EP 301 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 303XM UT WOS:000256074300011 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, O. A. TI Surface-to-volume wave conversion in shallow water with a corrugated bottom SO ACOUSTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SHEAR SPEED PROFILES; UPSLOPE PROPAGATION; INTERFACE WAVES; FLUID BOTTOM; DISPERSION; SEDIMENTS AB Acoustic transmission between points onshore or in very shallow water and points in deep water is strongly influenced by the shear rigidity of marine sediments, which control the parameters and the very existence of seismoacoustic surface waves. Previously, it was found that coupling between acoustic modes and the seismoacoustic surface waves is normally weak, although not negligible in the case of a gently sloping seafloor and soft sediments. In this paper, the previous work is extended by accounting for the small-scale roughness of the seafloor. The significant role of roughness in coupling between volume and surface waves is demonstrated. The combined effect of bottom topography, roughness, and wave attenuation in soft marine sediments on the sound propagation between points in shallow and deep water is discussed. C1 [Godin, O. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Godin, O. A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Oleg.Godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 NR 7 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU MAIK NAUKA/INTERPERIODICA/SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1578 USA SN 1063-7710 J9 ACOUST PHYS+ JI Acoust. Phys. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 54 IS 3 BP 346 EP 352 DI 10.1134/S1063771008030081 PG 7 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 306FK UT WOS:000256233500008 ER PT J AU Beebe, JM Kim, B Frisbie, CD Kushmerick, JG AF Beebe, Jeremy M. Kim, BongSoo Frisbie, C. Daniel Kushmerick, James G. TI Measuring relative barrier heights in molecular electronic junctions with transition voltage spectroscopy SO ACS NANO LA English DT Article DE molecular electronics; charge transport; tunneling; transition; voltage spectroscopy ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; METAL WORK FUNCTION; CONTACT RESISTANCE; CHARGE-TRANSPORT; LEVEL ALIGNMENT; WIRES; GOLD; ALKANETHIOLS; CONDUCTANCE; ACCESS AB Though molecular devices exhibiting potentially useful electrical behavior have been demonstrated, a deep understanding of the factors that influence charge transport in molecular electronic junctions has yet to be fully realized. Recent work has shown that a mechanistic transition occurs from direct tunneling to field emission in molecular electronic devices. The magnitude of the voltage required to enact this transition is molecule-specific, and thus measurement of the transition voltage constitutes a form of spectroscopy. Here we determine that the transition voltage for a series of alkanethiol molecules is invariant with molecular length, while the transition voltage of a conjugated molecule depends directly on the manner in which the conjugation pathway has been extended. Finally, by examining the transition voltage as a function of contact metal, we show that this technique can be used to determine the dominant charge carrier for a given molecular junction. C1 [Frisbie, C. Daniel] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Beebe, Jeremy M.; Kushmerick, James G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, BongSoo] Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Frisbie, CD (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, 421 Washington Ave SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM frisbie@cems.umn.edu; james.kushmerick@nist.gov RI Kushmerick, James/C-2882-2008; Frisbie, C Daniel/F-3995-2011 NR 41 TC 171 Z9 171 U1 5 U2 41 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1936-0851 J9 ACS NANO JI ACS Nano PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 5 BP 827 EP 832 DI 10.1021/nn700424u PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 306FP UT WOS:000256234000007 PM 19206478 ER PT J AU Vecherin, SN Ostashev, VE Wilson, DK AF Vecherin, Sergey N. Ostashev, Vladimir E. Wilson, D. Keith TI Three-dimensional acoustic travel-time tomography of the atmosphere SO ACTA ACUSTICA UNITED WITH ACUSTICA LA English DT Article ID DEPENDENT STOCHASTIC INVERSION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SURFACE-LAYER; PROPAGATION; TURBULENCE; SOUND AB Acoustic travel-time tomography is a remote technique that can be used for reconstruction of temperature and wind velocity fields in the atmosphere. In the literature, results of two-dimensional tomography of the atmosphere have been reported so far. This paper presents an algorithm for reconstruction of temperature and wind velocity fields in three-dimensional tomography. In the algorithm, stratification of the atmosphere is taken into account explicitly. This allows high accurate reconstruction of stratified mean temperature and wind velocity fields. The fields of fluctuations are reconstructed with the use of three-dimensional time-dependent stochastic inversion. Estimation of the errors of reconstruction is also presented. A numerical experiment with large-eddy simulation is used to confirm the efficiency of the developed theory. C1 [Vecherin, Sergey N.; Ostashev, Vladimir E.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Ostashev, Vladimir E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wilson, D. Keith] USA, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Vecherin, SN (reprint author), New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 29 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU S HIRZEL VERLAG PI STUTTGART PA POSTFACH 10 10 61, D-70 009 STUTTGART, GERMANY SN 1610-1928 J9 ACTA ACUST UNITED AC JI Acta Acust. United Acust. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 94 IS 3 BP 349 EP 358 DI 10.3813/AAA.918042 PG 10 WC Acoustics SC Acoustics GA 318UB UT WOS:000257117200002 ER PT J AU Parsons, JF Shi, KM Ladner, JE AF Parsons, James F. Shi, Katherine M. Ladner, Jane E. TI Structure of isochorismate synthase in complex with magnesium SO ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-BIOLOGICAL CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID CHORISMATE-UTILIZING ENZYMES; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; MECHANISM; MENF AB The electron carrier menaquinone is one of many important bacterial metabolites that are derived from the key intermediate chorismic acid. MenF, the first enzyme in the menaquinone pathway, catalyzes the isomerization of chorismate to isochorismate. Here, an improved structure of MenF in a new crystal form is presented. The structure, solved at 2.0 angstrom resolution in complex with magnesium, reveals a well defined closed active site. Existing evidence suggests that the mechanism of the reaction catalyzed by MenF involves nucleophilic attack of a water molecule on the chorismate ring. The structure reveals a well defined water molecule located in an appropriate position for activation by Lys190 and attack on the substrate. C1 [Parsons, James F.; Shi, Katherine M.; Ladner, Jane E.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ladner, Jane E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Parsons, JF (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM parsonsj@umbi.umd.edu FU NIAID NIH HHS [AI067530, R01 AI067530] NR 12 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0907-4449 J9 ACTA CRYSTALLOGR D JI Acta Crystallogr. Sect. D-Biol. Crystallogr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 64 BP 607 EP 610 DI 10.1107/S0907444908005477 PN 5 PG 4 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Crystallography GA 289TX UT WOS:000255077900015 PM 18453696 ER PT J AU Iglesias, EJ Smith, AW Kaplan, SG AF Iglesias, Enrique J. Smith, Allan W. Kaplan, Simon G. TI A sensitive, spatially uniform photodetector for broadband infrared spectrophotometry SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSMITTANCE MEASUREMENTS; SILICON; DETECTORS; PHOTODIODES; RESPONSIVITY; REFLECTANCE; REGION; SINGLE AB We describe the design and performance of a liquid helium-cooled As:Si blocked-impurity-band photodetector system intended for spectrophotometry in the thermal infrared (2 to 30 mu m) spectral region. The system has been characterized for spectral sensitivity, noise, thermal stability, and spatial uniformity, and optimized for use with a Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer source for absolute goniometric reflectance measurements. Its performance is evaluated and compared to more common detector systems used in this spectral region, including room-temperature pyroelectric and liquid-N-2-cooled photoconductive devices. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Iglesias, Enrique J.; Smith, Allan W.; Kaplan, Simon G.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Iglesias, Enrique J.] Univ Simon Bolivar, Dept Phys, Caracas 1089, Venezuela. RP Iglesias, EJ (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 20 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 13 BP 2430 EP 2436 DI 10.1364/AO.47.002430 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 308CD UT WOS:000256365000081 PM 18449309 ER PT J AU Dobrowolski, JA Browning, S Jacobson, M Nadal, M AF Dobrowolski, J. A. Browning, Stephen Jacobson, Michael Nadal, Maria TI 2007 topical meeting on optical interference coatings: Manufacturing problem SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB Measurements are described on the experimental filters submitted to the Third Optical Thin Film Manufacturing Problem in which the object was to produce multilayers with a measured colorimetric performance that is as close as possible to that specified. The perceived colors of the coating, when illuminated with randomly polarized light incident at 7 degrees by a source representing average daylight with a correlated color temperature of approximately 6500 K, were to be yellow and blue, respectively, in light reflected from its two surfaces, and the color was to appear white when viewed in transmission mode. Eleven teams from 7 different countries submitted a total of 18 samples. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Dobrowolski, J. A.] Natl Res Council Canada, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Browning, Stephen] Ball Aerosp & Technol Corp, Boulder, CO 80301 USA. [Jacobson, Michael] Opt Data Associates, Tucson, AZ 85711 USA. [Nadal, Maria] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dobrowolski, JA (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, 1500 Montreal Rd, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. EM dobrowolski@magma.ca NR 13 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 13 BP C231 EP C245 DI 10.1364/AO.47.00C231 PG 15 WC Optics SC Optics GA 308CD UT WOS:000256365000037 PM 18449251 ER PT J AU Domanski, PA Hermes, CJL AF Domanski, Piotr A. Hermes, Christian J. L. TI An improved correlation for two-phase pressure drop of R-22 and R-410A in 180 degrees return bends SO APPLIED THERMAL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE short return bends; two-phase pressure drop; curvature multiplier; pi-correlation ID FLOW AB A correlation for two-phase flow pressure drop in 180 degrees return bends is proposed based on a total of 241 experimental data points for R-22 and R-410A from two independent studies. The data span smooth tubes with inner diameters (D) from 3.3 min to 11.6 mm, bend radiuses (R) from 6.4 mm to 37.3 mm, and curvature ratios (2RID) from 2.3 to 8.2. The correlation consists of a two-phase pressure drop for straight-tubes and a multiplier that accounts for the bend curvature. The Buckinham-PI Theorem was used to formulate the curvature multiplier in terms of refrigerant properties, flow characteristics, and bend geometry. The correlation predicts all data with a RMS deviation of 25%, and 75% of the data fall within 25% error bands. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hermes, Christian J. L.] Univ Fed Santa Catarina, POLO Res Labs Emerging Technol Cooling & Thermoph, Dept Mech Engn, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. [Domanski, Piotr A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hermes, CJL (reprint author), Univ Fed Santa Catarina, POLO Res Labs Emerging Technol Cooling & Thermoph, Dept Mech Engn, POB 476, BR-88040900 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil. EM piotr.domanski@nist.gov; hermes@polo.ufsc.br NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1359-4311 J9 APPL THERM ENG JI Appl. Therm. Eng. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 28 IS 7 BP 793 EP 800 DI 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2007.06.034 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mechanics GA 273KU UT WOS:000253929900017 ER PT J AU York, RA Durako, MJ Kenworthy, WJ Freshwater, DW AF York, Robert A. Durako, Michael J. Kenworthy, W. Judson Freshwater, D. Wilson TI Megagametogenesis in Halophila johnsonii, a threatened seagrass with no known seeds, and the seed-producing Halophila decipiens (Hydrocharitaceae) SO AQUATIC BOTANY LA English DT Article DE seagrass; Halophila sp.; flowering; megagametogenesis ID INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; FLORIDA AB Megagametogenesis, the development of a megaspore into an embryo sac, has been identified in the seagrass Halophila johnsonii, a threatened species with no known sexual reproduction or seeds. Megagametogenesis in H. johnsonii was compared with megagametophyte development in Halophila decipiens, a related species known to readily produce viable seeds. In both species, ovules were structurally similar, megaspore mother cells were seen in premeiotic ovules, and linear tetrads and megagametophytes with two to eight nuclei were present in postmeiotic ovules. However, H. decipiens postmeiotic ovules had a chalazal pouch that was absent in the postmeiotic ovules of H. johnsonii. Late-stage H. decipiens ovules also contained embryos, indicating that they had been fertilized, whereas all late-stage H. johnsonii ovules were degrading and showed no signs of fertilization. These observations suggest that meiosis does occur in H. johnsonii megasporocytes, leading to the formation of viable megagametophytes and egg cells that could be fertilized if pollination occurred. Thus, the lack of seed set is due to a lack of pollination rather than any loss of capacity to produce seeds in this species. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [York, Robert A.; Durako, Michael J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. [Kenworthy, W. Judson] NOAA, NOS, NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Freshwater, D. Wilson] Univ N Carolina, Ctr Marine Sci, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. RP Durako, MJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Ctr Marine Sci, 5600 Marvin Moss Ln, Wilmington, NC 28409 USA. EM durakom@uncw.edu NR 33 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3770 EI 1879-1522 J9 AQUAT BOT JI Aquat. Bot. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 88 IS 4 BP 277 EP 282 DI 10.1016/j.aquabot.2007.11.005 PG 6 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 291AE UT WOS:000255163900002 ER PT J AU Barbosa, CL Blum, RD Conti, PS Damineli, A Figueredo, E AF Barbosa, Cassio L. Blum, Robert D. Conti, Peter S. Damineli, Augusto Figueredo, Elysandra TI High spatial resolution spectroscopy of W51IRS 2E and IRS 2W: Two very massive young stars in early formation stages SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LETTERS LA English DT Article DE infrared : stars; stars : early-type; stars : formation; techniques : spectroscopic ID H-II REGIONS; NEAR-INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY; K-BAND SPECTROSCOPY; STELLAR OBJECTS; HII-REGIONS; O-STARS; W51; CONTINUUM AB We present K-band spectra of the near infrared counterparts to IRS 2E and IRS 2W which is associated with the ultracompact H II region W51d, both of them embedded sources in the Galactic compact H II region W51 IRS 2. The high spatial resolution observations were obtained with the laser guide star facility and Near-infrared Integral Field Spectrograph (NIFS) mounted at the Gemini-North observatory. The spectrum of the ionizing source of W51d shows the photospheric features N III ( 21155 angstrom) in emission and He II ( 21897 angstrom) in absorption which lead us to classify it as a young O3 type star. We detected CO overtone in emission at 23000 angstrom in the spectrum of IRS 2E, suggesting that it is a massive young object still surrounded by an accretion disk, probably transitioning from the hot core phase to an ultracompact H II region. C1 [Barbosa, Cassio L.] IP&D UNIVAP, BR-12244000 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. [Blum, Robert D.] NOAA, Gemini Sci Ctr, Tucson, AZ 85719 USA. [Conti, Peter S.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Damineli, Augusto] Univ Sao Paulo, IAG, BR-05508900 Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil. [Figueredo, Elysandra] Open Univ Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. RP Barbosa, CL (reprint author), IP&D UNIVAP, Avenida Shishima Hifumi 2911, BR-12244000 Sao Jose Dos Campos, SP, Brazil. EM cassio@univap.br; rblum.@noao.edu; pconti@jila.colorado.edu; damineli@astro.iag.usp.br; e.figueredo@open.ac.uk RI Barbosa, Cassio/C-6009-2012; Damineli, Augusto/D-8210-2012 OI Damineli, Augusto/0000-0002-7978-2994 NR 28 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND J9 ASTROPHYS J LETT JI Astrophys. J. Lett. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 678 IS 1 BP L55 EP L58 DI 10.1086/588500 PG 4 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 292AN UT WOS:000255238900014 ER PT J AU Holloway, T Sakurai, T Han, Z Ehlers, S Spak, SN Horowitz, LW Carmichael, GR Streets, DG Hozumi, Y Ueda, H Park, SU Fung, C Kajino, M Thongboonchoo, N Engardt, M Bennet, C Hayami, H Sartelet, K Wang, Z Matsuda, K Amann, M AF Holloway, Tracey Sakurai, Tatsuya Han, Zhiwei Ehlers, Susanna Spak, Scott N. Horowitz, Larry W. Carmichael, Gregory R. Streets, David G. Hozumi, Y. Ueda, Hiromasa Park, S. U. Fung, Christopher Kajino, M. Thongboonchoo, Narisara Engardt, Magnuz Bennet, Cecilia Hayami, Hiroshi Sartelet, Karine Wang, Zifa Matsuda, K. Amann, Markus TI MICS-Asia II: Impact of global emissions on regional air quality in Asia SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MICS-Asia; inter-comparison; hemispheric transport; air pollution; ozone; carbon monoxide ID LONG-RANGE TRANSPORT; TROPOSPHERIC OZONE; CARBON-MONOXIDE; SEASONAL-VARIATIONS; NORTH-AMERICA; TRACE GASES; MODEL; PACIFIC; POLLUTION; OUTFLOW AB This study quantifies the seasonality and geographic variability of global pollutant inflow to Asia. Asia is often looked to as a major source of intercontinental air pollution transport with rising emissions and efficient pollutant export processes. However, the degree to which foreign emissions have been imported to Asia has not been thoroughly examined. The Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) is an international collaboration to study air pollution transport and chemistry in Asia. Using the global atmospheric chemistry Model of Ozone and Related Tracers (MOZART v. 2.4), and comparing results with a suite of regional models participating in MICS-Asia, we find that imported O-3 contributes significantly throughout Asia. The choice of upper boundary condition is found to be particularly important for O-3, even for surface concentrations. Both North America and Europe contribute to ground-level O-3 concentrations throughout the region, though the seasonality of these two sources varies. North American contributions peak at over 10% of monthly mean O-3 during winter months in East Asia, compared to Europe's spring- and autumn-maxima (5-8%). In comparison to observed data from the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET), MOZART concentrations for 03 generally fall within the range of the MICS models, but MOZART is unable to capture the fine spatial variability of shorter-lived species as well as the regional models. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Holloway, Tracey; Ehlers, Susanna; Spak, Scott N.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Sustainabli & Global Environm SAGE, Madison, WI 53726 USA. [Sakurai, Tatsuya; Han, Zhiwei; Hozumi, Y.; Ueda, Hiromasa] Acid Deposit & Oxidant Res Ctr, Niigata, Japan. [Han, Zhiwei] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing 100864, Peoples R China. [Horowitz, Larry W.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Carmichael, Gregory R.; Thongboonchoo, Narisara] Univ Iowa, Ctr Global & Reg Environm Res, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA. [Streets, David G.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Park, S. U.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Fung, Christopher] Hong Kong Environm Protect Dept, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Kajino, M.] Kyoto Univ, Disaster Prevent Res Inst, Kyoto, Japan. [Engardt, Magnuz; Bennet, Cecilia] Swedish Meteorol & Hydrol Inst, S-60176 Norrkoping, Sweden. [Hayami, Hiroshi] Cent Res Inst Elect Power Ind, Chiba, Japan. [Wang, Zifa] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Matsuda, K.] Iwaki Meisei Univ, Tokyo, Japan. [Amann, Markus] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. RP Holloway, T (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Sustainabli & Global Environm SAGE, 1710 Univ Ave,Room 201A, Madison, WI 53726 USA. EM taholloway@wisc.edu RI Spak, Scott/B-7331-2008; Sartelet, Karine/A-6430-2011; Kajino, Mizuo/B-5645-2012; Wang, ZF/D-7202-2012; Wang, Zifa/B-5799-2011; Matsuda, Kazuhide/C-2041-2013; Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Bennet, Cecilia/E-1854-2014; OI Spak, Scott/0000-0002-8545-1411; Wang, ZF/0000-0002-7062-6012; Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Bennet, Cecilia/0000-0002-3712-2170; Streets, David/0000-0002-0223-1350 NR 49 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 14 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 42 IS 15 BP 3543 EP 3561 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.022 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310TF UT WOS:000256552600006 ER PT J AU Queen, A Zhang, Y Gilliam, R Pleim, J AF Queen, Ashley Zhang, Yang Gilliam, Robert Pleim, Jonathan TI Examining the sensitivity of MM5-CMAQ predictions to explicit microphysics schemes and horizontal grid resolutions, Part I - Database, evaluation protocol, and precipitation predictions SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE MM5; CMAQ; explicit microphysics scheme; wet deposition; precipitation ID COMMUNITY MULTISCALE AIR; UNITED-STATES; MODEL; STORMS; PARAMETERIZATION; ICE AB Wet deposition of chemical species is one of the most difficult processes to simulate in three-dimensional (3-D) air quality models, due to the complex interplay among meteorology, cloud, and atmospheric chemistry. Different cloud microphysical treatments and horizontal grid resolutions in 3-D models can directly affect simulated clouds, precipitation, and wet deposition. In this study, the performance and sensitivity of the simulated precipitation, concentrations, and wet deposition to different explicit microphysics schemes and horizontal grid resolutions are evaluated for August and December 2002 for a domain centered over North Carolina (NC). Four explicit microphysics schemes in MM5 are examined: Reisner 1 (R1), Reisner 2 (R2), Dudhia (SI), and Hsie (WR). The precipitation evaluation indicates that monthly-average precipitation amounts are underpredicted by all schemes in both August and December at all sites except for the R1 August simulation that shows overpredictions at National Acid Deposition Program (NADP) sites. An increased sensitivity to microphysics schemes is found at locations in both the coastal plain and mountain regions in August and the mountain region in December. The differences in simulation results in August and December are mainly attributed to seasonal differences in dominant meteorological forcing (mesoscale vs. synoptic, respectively). Among the schemes tested, R2 and SI give the best overall performance in predicting precipitation for both months. These findings are applicable for NC and neighboring states with similar meteorological and emission characteristics. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Queen, Ashley; Zhang, Yang] N Carolina State Univ, MEAS, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Gilliam, Robert; Pleim, Jonathan] NOAA, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, MEAS, Campus Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM yang_zhang@ncsu.edu RI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/C-1331-2017 OI Pleim, Jonathan Pleim/0000-0001-6190-6082 NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 42 IS 16 BP 3842 EP 3855 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.067 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314OJ UT WOS:000256818400016 ER PT J AU Cole, KD Gaigalas, A Almeida, JL AF Cole, Kenneth D. Gaigalas, Adolfas Almeida, Jamie L. TI Process monitoring the inactivation of ricin and model proteins by disinfectants using fluorescence and biological activity SO BIOTECHNOLOGY PROGRESS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 234th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 19-23, 2007 CL Boston, MA SP Amer Chem Soc ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; AMINO-ACIDS; TOXICITY; HYPOCHLORITE; OXIDATION; MECHANISM; CHLORINE; CHAINS; TOXINS AB It is important to develop rapid and reliable processes to monitor the decontamination of toxins released to the environment. The inactivation of the protein toxin ricin by the disinfectants bleach (sodium hypochlorite) and monochloramine was measured by the effect on mammalian cell cytotoxicity. The effect of the disinfectants on the native fluorescence (due mainly to tryptophan and to a lesser extent tyrosine) of ricin was also measured in parallel. Reactions of the disinfectants resulted in a decrease in the native fluorescence that was measured in real time in a noninvasive manner. We compared the inactivation of two well-characterized model enzymes to the behavior of ricin. The model enzymes studied were lysozyme, a small basic enzyme stabilized with internal disulfide bonds, and heart-muscle-type lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), a large protein composed of four subunits. The biological activities of the model enzymes were measured in parallel with their fluorescence. Gel electrophoresis showed a large number of modifications of the proteins caused by the disinfectants reflected in changes in mobility and the formation of higher-order aggregates. Size-exclusion chromatography showed that the disinfectants did not break down the subunit structure of ricin but instead resulted in an increased size and heterogeneity of the protein. Size-exclusion chromatography of LDH indicated that the subunits were dissociated and that higher-order aggregates were also formed. Bleach caused a rapid inactivation of biological activity correlated with a rapid decrease in the fluorescence. Monochloramine required much higher concentrations for significant effects and the kinetics of the reactions were slow, with half-life values of the decrease on the order of minutes. Each protein showed individual differences in responses to the disinfectants, but there was a consistent correlation between the loss of fluorescence and the decrease in biological activity. These results indicate that the monitoring the fluorescence is a useful process with limitations that can be used to monitor the inactivation of toxins using disinfectants. C1 [Cole, Kenneth D.; Gaigalas, Adolfas; Almeida, Jamie L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cole, KD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.cole@nist.gov NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 8756-7938 J9 BIOTECHNOL PROGR JI Biotechnol. Prog. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 784 EP 791 DI 10.1021/bp070362b PG 8 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 311IG UT WOS:000256593300040 PM 18386939 ER PT J AU Eckman, RM AF Eckman, Richard M. TI Dynamical implications of block averaging SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material DE autocovariance; integral time scale; reynolds decomposition; time averaging ID TURBULENCE AB A 2006 article in Boundary-Layer Meteorology by G. Trevino and E.L Andreas presents a derivation that questions the use of time averaging for computing turbulence statistics. Their derivation shows that time averaging over a finite interval always leads to a zero integral time scale. As a result, Trevino and Andreas argue that any turbulence quantities derived from time averaging are tainted and incompatible with the Navier-Stokes equations. While Trevino and Andreas are correct that time averaging does produce integral scales that are quite different from what researchers commonly expect, this comment demonstrates that the theoretical implications are not as dire as they claim. C1 NOAA Air Resouces Lab, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Eckman, RM (reprint author), NOAA Air Resouces Lab, Field Res Div, 1750 Foote Dr, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM richard.eckman@noaa.gov RI Eckman, Richard/D-1476-2016 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 127 IS 2 BP 345 EP 351 DI 10.1007/s10546-008-9263-4 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280UU UT WOS:000254452700010 ER PT J AU Eckman, RM AF Eckman, Richard M. TI Comment on "dynamical implications of block averaging" by G. Trevino and E. L Andreas - Comment SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA ARL, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. RP Eckman, RM (reprint author), NOAA ARL, Field Res Div, Idaho Falls, ID 83402 USA. EM richard.eckman@noaa.gov RI Eckman, Richard/D-1476-2016 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 127 IS 2 BP 357 EP 358 DI 10.1007/s10546-008-9265-2 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 280UU UT WOS:000254452700012 ER PT J AU Baremore, IE Murie, DJ Carlson, JK AF Baremore, Ivy E. Murie, Debra J. Carlson, John K. TI Prey selection by the Atlantic angel shark Squatina dumeril in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID STOMACH CONTENTS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; TROPHIC ECOLOGY; FEEDING-HABITS; IDENTIFICATION; FISHES; OTOLITHS; CAPTURE; DIET AB Atlantic angel sharks Squatina dumeril (Lesueur, 1818) were collected for stomach content analysis from a trawl fishery in northeastern Florida in the winter (n = 50) and spring (n = 59) of 2005. The trawl catch was also sampled to describe the potential prey items in the environment in relation to stomach contents of angel sharks. Angel sharks consumed teleost fishes most often (62% and 75% numerical abundance), with squid (24% and 12% numerical abundance) and crustaceans (13% and 14% numerical abundance) also important in their diet in the winter and spring, respectively. On both occasions, the samples from the trawl catch showed that jacks (Carangidae, mostly Trachurus lathami Nichols, 1920) were the most frequently caught group of fishes, followed by porgies (Sparidae, mostly Stenotomus caprinus Jordan and Gilbert, 1882), with goatfishes (Mullidae) and butterfishes (Stromateidae) also commonly caught. Angel sharks collected in the winter and spring both showed prey selection for squids, while those collected in the spring also showed selection for scorpionfishes (Scorpaenidae), hakes (Phycidae), and croakers (Sciaenidae). The sizes of prey items from stomach contents were skewed toward smaller fish than those in the trawl catch, however, sizes of prey items were not significantly different from those in the trawl. This study provides the first quantification of diet for the Atlantic angel shark. C1 [Baremore, Ivy E.; Carlson, John K.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. [Baremore, Ivy E.; Murie, Debra J.] Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32653 USA. RP Baremore, IE (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Panama City Lab, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City, FL 32408 USA. EM Ivy.Baremore@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 297 EP 313 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 315TC UT WOS:000256901600003 ER PT J AU Agar, JJ Waters, JR Valdes-Pizzini, M Shivlani, M Murray, T Kirkley, JE Suman, D AF Agar, J. J. Waters, J. R. Valdes-Pizzini, M. Shivlani, M. Murray, T. Kirkley, J. E. Suman, D. TI US Caribbean fish trap fishery socioeconomic study SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VIRGIN ISLANDS AB Concerns over the potential impacts of trap fishing on coral reefs and associated habitats prompted a socioeconomic study to characterize the U.S. Caribbean fish trap fishery in anticipation of management actions. Stratified random interviews of one hundred fishermen revealed the presence of a diverse fishery, with appreciable inter-island differences in levels of fishing dependence, fishing practices, and capital investment. High levels of fishing dependence Were observed among fishermen in the U.S. Virgin Islands, whereas Puerto Rican fishermen exhibited a more diversified livelihood strategy. Fishermen from St. Croix derived 62% of their household income from fish traps, significantly more than fishermen from St. Thomas/St. John and Puerto Rico, who derived 45% and 41%, respectively, of their household incomes from fish traps. The St. Thomas/St. John fleet was also larger and more capital-intensive than the Crucian and Puerto Rican fleets. This structural heterogeneity suggests that fishermen from the various islands may respond differently to the same regulatory constraint. Thus, targeted policies may be necessary to improve the socioeconomic performance of the fishery and the political acceptability of management actions. C1 [Agar, J. J.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Agar, J. J.] Univ Miami, Div Marine Affairs & Policy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Waters, J. R.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Valdes-Pizzini, M.] Univ Puerto Rico Mayaguez, Fac Arts & Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Shivlani, M.] Univ Miami, Div Marine Biol & Fisheries, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Murray, T.; Kirkley, J. E.] Coll William & Mary Rt 1208, Dept Coastal & Ocean Policy, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. RP Agar, JJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Juan.Agar@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 6 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 315 EP 331 PG 17 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 315TC UT WOS:000256901600004 ER PT J AU Schroeder, RE Green, AL DeMartini, EE Kenyon, JC AF Schroeder, Robert E. Green, Alison L. DeMartini, Edward E. Kenyon, Jean C. TI Long-term effects of a ship-grounding on coral reef fish assemblages at Rose Atoll, American Samoa SO BULLETIN OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID ALGAL BIOMASS; COMMUNITIES; HABITAT; IRON; GROWTH; LAGOON; CYANOBACTERIA; ARCHIPELAGO; MACROALGAE; PATTERNS AB The nature and degree of impact of ship groundings on coral reefs and subsequent recovery is not well understood. Disturbed benthic and associated fish assemblages may take years-decades to return to pre-impact levels or may attain alternate stable states. Rose Atoll, a small, remote coral atoll in the central South Pacific, was impacted by a major ship grounding and associated contaminant spill in October 1993. Coral reef fish assemblages were quantitatively surveyed at the site of impact and compared to other nearby sites along the western outer reef slope in August 1995, February 2002, February 2004, and March 2006. In 1995, herbivorous surgeonfishes dominated the site, likely attracted to the early algal blooms. During 2002-2006, both numbers and biomass of pooled herbivorous fishes were significantly greater at the wreck site than at the other reef-slope survey sites. This greater abundance, where some corroding steel debris remained, was associated with significantly greater substratum cover by opportunistic algae (both turf and cyanobacteria). Thus, more than 13 yrs later, the grounding of this ship is still impacting algal growth and herbivorous reef-fish populations. While continued ecosystem monitoring at Rose Atoll is necessary for a full understanding of recovery rates by fish assemblages from such major anthropogenic disturbances, in the event of future groundings, containment of the contaminant spill and prompt removal of all metallic debris is recommended to preserve ecosystem integrity. C1 [Schroeder, Robert E.; Kenyon, Jean C.] NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Schroeder, Robert E.; Kenyon, Jean C.] NOAA, Pacif Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Coral Reef Ecosyst Div, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. [Green, Alison L.] Nature Conservancy, Woolloongabba, Qld 4102, Australia. [DeMartini, Edward E.] NOAA, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Aiea Heights Res Facil, Aiea, HI 96701 USA. RP Schroeder, RE (reprint author), NOAA, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1125B Ala Moana Blvd, Honolulu, HI 96814 USA. EM robert.schroeder@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 19 PU ROSENSTIEL SCH MAR ATMOS SCI PI MIAMI PA 4600 RICKENBACKER CAUSEWAY, MIAMI, FL 33149 USA SN 0007-4977 J9 B MAR SCI JI Bull. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 BP 345 EP 364 PG 20 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 315TC UT WOS:000256901600006 ER PT J AU Bernardet, L Nance, L Demirtas, M Koch, S Szoke, E Fowler, T Loughe, A Mahoney, JL Chuang, HY Pyle, M Gall, R AF Bernardet, Ligia Nance, Louisa Demirtas, Meral Koch, Steve Szoke, Edward Fowler, Tressa Loughe, Andrew Mahoney, Jennifer Luppens Chuang, Hui-Ya Pyle, Matthew Gall, Robert TI The developmental testbed center and its winter forecasting experiment SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GRAVITY-WAVE; MODEL; RAINFALL AB The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Developmental Testbed Center (DTC) was formed to promote exchanges between the development and operational communities in the field of Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP). The WRF DTC serves to accelerate the transfer of NWP technology from research to operations and to support a subset of the current WRF operational configurations to the general community. This article describes the mission and recent activities of the WRF DTC, including a detailed discussion about one of its recent projects, the WRF DTC Winter Forecasting Experiment (DWFE). DWFE was planned and executed by the WRF DTC in collaboration with forecasters and model developers. The real-time phase of the experiment took place in the winter of 2004/05, with two dynamic cores of the WRF model being run once per day out to 48 h. The models were configured with 5-km grid spacing over the entire continental United States to ascertain the value of high-resolution numerical guidance for winter weather prediction. Forecasts were distributed to many National Weather Service Weather Forecast Offices to allow forecasters both to familiarize themselves with WRF capabilities prior to WRF becoming operational at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) in the North American Mesoscale Model (NAM) application, and to provide feedback about the model to its developers. This paper presents the experiment's configuration, the results of objective forecast verification, including uncertainty measures, a case study to illustrate the potential use of DWFE products in the forecasting process, and a discussion about the importance and challenges of real-time experiments involving forecaster participation. C1 [Bernardet, Ligia; Koch, Steve; Szoke, Edward; Loughe, Andrew; Mahoney, Jennifer Luppens] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nance, Louisa; Fowler, Tressa; Gall, Robert] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Chuang, Hui-Ya; Pyle, Matthew] Natl Ctr Environ Predict, Environm Modeling Ctr, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Bernardet, L (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway GSD7, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ligia.bernardet@noaa.gov RI Bernardet, Ligia/N-3357-2014; Szoke, Edward/K-1477-2015; Demirtas, Meral/Q-8555-2016 OI Szoke, Edward/0000-0001-9524-7193; Demirtas, Meral/0000-0002-3026-9276 NR 34 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 89 IS 5 BP 611 EP 627 DI 10.1175/BAMS-89-5-611 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310XA UT WOS:000256562900015 ER PT J AU Alvord, C Long, P Pulwarty, R Udall, B AF Alvord, Christina Long, Patrick Pulwarty, Roger Udall, Bradley TI Climate and tourism on the Colorado Plateau SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Alvord, Christina; Udall, Bradley] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Long, Patrick] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pulwarty, Roger] NOAA, NIDIS, Boulder, CO USA. RP Alvord, C (reprint author), NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 325 Broadway R PSD UCB 216, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM christina.alvord@noaa.gov NR 1 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 89 IS 5 BP 673 EP 675 DI 10.1175/BAMS-89-5-673 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310XA UT WOS:000256562900019 ER PT J AU Murillo, ST Pandya, RE Chu, RY Winkler, JA Czujko, R Cutrim, EMC AF Murillo, Shirley T. Pandya, Rajul E. Chu, Raymond Y. Winkler, Julie A. Czujko, Roman Cutrim, Elen M. C. TI AMS MEMBERSHIP SURVEY RESULTS: An Overview and Longitudinal Analysis of the Demographics of the AMS SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID SOCIETY MEMBERSHIP C1 [Murillo, Shirley T.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Pandya, Rajul E.] Univ Corp Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO USA. [Chu, Raymond Y.; Czujko, Roman] Amer Inst Phys, College Pk, MD USA. [Winkler, Julie A.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI USA. [Cutrim, Elen M. C.] Western Michigan Univ, Dept geog, Kalamazoo, MI USA. RP Murillo, ST (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM Shirley.Murrilo@noaa.gov RI Murillo, Shirley/C-3259-2014 OI Murillo, Shirley/0000-0002-2075-8682 NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 89 IS 5 BP 727 EP 733 DI 10.1175/BAMS-89-5-727 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 310XA UT WOS:000256562900025 ER PT J AU Hsieh, CH Reiss, CS Hewitt, RP Sugihara, G AF Hsieh, Chih-hao Reiss, Christian S. Hewitt, Roger P. Sugihara, George TI Spatial analysis shows that fishing enhances the climatic sensitivity of marine fishes SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; COD GADUS-MORHUA; LONG-TERM TRENDS; PACIFIC SARDINE; EXTINCTION RISK; ATLANTIC COD; NORTH-SEA; VARIABILITY; REGIME; POPULATIONS AB We compare the changes in geographic distribution of exploited fish species versus unexploited ones living in the same environment. For this comparative study, we use the 50- year larval fish time series from the California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations, which allows us to view fishing as a treatment effect in a long-term ecological experiment. Our results indicate that exploited species show a clearer distributional shift in response to environmental change than unexploited species, even after accounting for life history and ecological traits and phylogeny. The enhanced response (improved signal- noise ratio) to environmental change in exploited species may be a consequence of reduced spatial heterogeneity caused by fishery- induced age (size) truncation and the constriction of geographic distribution that accompanies fishing pressure. We suggest that reduced spatial heterogeneity can cause exploited populations to be more vulnerable to climate variability, an effect that could have considerable importance in the management of fish stocks. This is the first study to compare the geographic distributions of a large suite of exploited and unexploited fish species from the northeastern Pacific in response to climate variability. C1 [Hsieh, Chih-hao; Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Reiss, Christian S.; Hewitt, Roger P.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Hsieh, CH (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, 1,Sec 4,Roosevelt Rd, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. EM chsieh@ntu.edu.tw RI Hsieh, Chih-hao/B-3797-2008 OI Hsieh, Chih-hao/0000-0001-5935-7272 NR 57 TC 78 Z9 78 U1 1 U2 40 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 65 IS 5 BP 947 EP 961 DI 10.1139/F08-017 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 298FL UT WOS:000255671700014 ER PT J AU Costantini, M Ludsin, SA Mason, DM Zhang, XS Boicourt, WC Brandt, SB AF Costantini, Marco Ludsin, Stuart A. Mason, Doran M. Zhang, Xinsheng Boicourt, William C. Brandt, Stephen B. TI Effect of hypoxia on habitat quality of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) in Chesapeake Bay SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID MENHADEN BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; SPATIALLY-EXPLICIT MODELS; ATLANTIC MENHADEN; BIOENERGETICS MODELS; ENDANGERED FISHES; PLANKTON BIOMASS; TARGET-STRENGTH; GROWTH-RATE; LAKE; PREDATOR AB Eutrophication- induced hypoxia may affect both benthic and pelagic organisms in coastal systems. To evaluate the effect of hypoxia on pelagic striped bass ( Morone saxatilis), we quantified the growth rate potential ( GRP) of age- 2 and age- 4 fish in Chesapeake Bay during 1996 and 2000 using observed temperature, dissolved oxygen, and prey abundance information in a spatially explicit bioenergetics modeling framework. Regions of the Bay with bottom hypoxia were generally areas with high quality habitat ( i. e., GRP > 0 g center dot g(-1) center dot day(-1)), primarily because prey fish were forced into warm, oxygenated surface waters suitable for striped bass foraging and growth. In turn, by concentrating fish prey above the oxycline and removing bottom waters as a refuge, hypoxia likely enhanced striped bass predation efficiency and contributed to the recovery of striped bass during the mid- 1990s, a time when the striped bass fishery also was closed. This short- term positive effect of hypoxia on striped bass, however, appears to have been counterbalanced by a long- term negative effect of hypoxia in recent years. Ultimately, hypoxia- enhanced predation efficiency, combined with an abundance of striped bass due to restricted harvest, appears to be causing overconsumption of prey fishes in Chesapeake Bay, thus helping to explain poor growth and health of striped bass in recent years. C1 [Costantini, Marco] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, CILER, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Zhang, Xinsheng] NOAA, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Boicourt, William C.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Studies, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RP Costantini, M (reprint author), WWF Italia, Programma Mare, Via Po 25-C, I-00198 Rome, Italy. EM m.costantini@wwf.it RI Ludsin, Stuart/F-2925-2010; OI Ludsin, Stuart/0000-0002-3866-2216; Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243 NR 60 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 3 U2 27 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 65 IS 5 BP 989 EP 1002 DI 10.1139/F08-021 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 298FL UT WOS:000255671700017 ER PT J AU Kamangar, F Schantz, MM Abnet, CC Fagundes, RB Dawsey, SM AF Kamangar, Farin Schantz, Michele M. Abnet, Christian C. Fagundes, Renato B. Dawsey, Sanford M. TI High levels of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in mate drinks SO CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY BIOMARKERS & PREVENTION LA English DT Article ID CELL ESOPHAGEAL CANCER; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; LUNG-CANCER; HIGH-RISK; AERODIGESTIVE TRACT; SOUTHERN BRAZIL; BLADDER-CANCER; HOT BEVERAGES; URUGUAY; TOBACCO AB Background: Drinking mate has been associated with cancers of the esophagus, oropharynx, larynx, lung, kidney, and bladder. We conducted this study to determine whether drinking mate could lead to substantial exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), including known carcinogens, such as benzo[a]pyrene. Methods: The concentrations of 21 individual PAHs were measured in dry leaves of eight commercial brands of yerba mate and in infusions made with hot (80 degrees C) or cold (5 degrees C) water. Measurements were done using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, with deuterated PAHs as the surrogates. Infusions were made by adding water to the leaves, removing the resulting infusion after 5 min, and then adding more water to the remaining leaves. This process was repeated 12 times for each infusion temperature. Results: The total concentrations of the 21 PAHs in different brands of yerba mate ranged from 536 to 2,906 ng/g dry leaves. Benzo[a]pyrene concentrations ranged from 8.03 to 53.3 ng/g dry leaves. For the mate infusions prepared using hot water and brand 1, 37% (1,092 of 2,906 ng) of the total measured PAHs and 50% (25.1 of 50 ng) of the benzo[a]pyrene content were released into the 12 infusions. Similar results were obtained for other hot and cold infusions. Conclusion: Very high concentrations of carcinogenic PAHs were found in yerba mate leaves and in hot and cold mate infusions. Our results support the hypothesis that the carcinogenicity of mate may be related to its PAH content. C1 [Kamangar, Farin; Abnet, Christian C.; Dawsey, Sanford M.] NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Schantz, Michele M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fagundes, Renato B.] Univ Fed Santa Maria, Dept Clin Med, Ctr Ciencias Saude, BR-97119900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. RP Kamangar, F (reprint author), NCI, Div Canc Epidemiol & Genet, 6120 Execut Blvd,Suite 320, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM kamangaf@mail.nih.gov RI Abnet, Christian/C-4111-2015 OI Abnet, Christian/0000-0002-3008-7843 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 42 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER ASSOC CANCER RESEARCH PI PHILADELPHIA PA 615 CHESTNUT ST, 17TH FLOOR, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106-4404 USA SN 1055-9965 J9 CANCER EPIDEM BIOMAR JI Cancer Epidemiol. Biomarkers Prev. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 17 IS 5 BP 1262 EP 1268 DI 10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-08-0025 PG 7 WC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Oncology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 303AX UT WOS:000256012800034 PM 18483349 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Haecker, CJ Peltz, MA Snyder, KA AF Bentz, Dale P. Haecker, Claus-Jochen Peltz, Max A. Snyder, Kenneth A. TI X-ray absorption studies of drying of cementitious tile adhesive mortars SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE building technology; drying; film formation; mortar; tile adhesive; viscosity; X-ray absorption ID PASTES AB X-ray absorption measurements have been applied to studying film formation at the exposed surface during the drying of cementitious tile adhesive mortars as a function of ingredients and mixture proportions. Preliminary observations suggested that in addition to a drying front, concurrently, a densification front is observed proceeding from the exterior of the specimens inward. Due to tile extremely high viscosity of the pore "solution" in these mortars, an analysis based on Stokes equation actually suggests that some of the smaller cement particles will be "carried" along with the drying pore solution to the top surface of the specimen where they are sequentially deposited. To verify this hypothesis, further experiments were conducted using either a coarse cement or a fine limestone as a total replacement for the commonly used cement. The X-ray absorption results are further supported by concurrent mass loss measurements on equivalent specimens for each experiment and by particle size distribution analysis of the final dried limestone/silica sand system as a function of depth. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bentz, Dale P.; Peltz, Max A.; Snyder, Kenneth A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Haecker, Claus-Jochen] SE Tylose GmbH & Co KG Shin Etsu Chem, D-65203 Wiesbaden, Germany. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov; clausjochen.haecker@SETylose.de; max.peltz@nist.gov; kenneth.snyder@nist.gov NR 10 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 30 IS 5 BP 361 EP 373 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2007.10.007 PG 13 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 300FO UT WOS:000255809900001 ER PT J AU Erdogan, ST Martys, NS Ferraris, CF Fowler, DW AF Erdogan, S. T. Martys, N. S. Ferraris, C. F. Fowler, D. W. TI Influence of the shape and roughness of inclusions on the rheological properties of a cementitious suspension SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE experimental concrete rheology; concrete rheology modeling; aggregate shape; aggregate surface texture; Bingham ID SELF-COMPACTING CONCRETE; TOMOGRAPHY; PARTICLES; VISCOSITY AB The influence of particle shape and surface roughness on the rheological properties of cementitious composites (cement paste plus coarse and fine particles) was investigated for mixtures of mortars and laboratory-made aggregates. The coarse particles were monosized spheres and cubes made from mortar, and monosized glass spheres, uncoated or roughened. The fine particles were uncoated or roughened monosized glass mini-spheres. The coarse particle mixtures were tested with a concrete rheometer to investigate separately the influence of overall particle shape and surface roughness on rheological properties as a function of aggregate concentration. The fine particle mixtures were tested with a paste rheometer to investigate the effect of surface roughness on flow at a smaller length scale using a different rheometer size and geometry. Results showed that shape had a large effect on plastic viscosity and, to a lesser degree, on Bingham yield stress. Surface roughness did not appear to have a significant effect on either property at the scale of roughness and particle volume fractions used. The tests were simulated using a validated computer model, which showed good agreement with the measured results. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Erdogan, S. T.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. [Erdogan, S. T.; Martys, N. S.; Ferraris, C. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Inorgan Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fowler, D. W.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Civil Architectural & Environm Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Erdogan, ST (reprint author), Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Civil Engn, TR-06533 Ankara, Turkey. EM sinante@metu.edu.tr RI Erdogan, Sinan/I-4880-2012 NR 28 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 30 IS 5 BP 393 EP 402 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.01.003 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 300FO UT WOS:000255809900004 ER PT J AU Wang, B Lee, JY Kang, IS Shukla, J Kug, JS Kumar, A Schemm, J Luo, JJ Yamagata, T Park, CK AF Wang, Bin Lee, June-Yi Kang, I. -S. Shukla, J. Kug, J. -S. Kumar, A. Schemm, J. Luo, J. -J. Yamagata, T. Park, C. -K. TI How accurately do coupled climate models predict the leading modes of Asian-Australian monsoon interannual variability? SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Asian-Australian monsoon; coupled atmosphere-ocean-land climate model; dominant mode of rainfall variability; MME one-month lead prediction; NCEP CFS; biennial tendency; ENSO predictability ID INDIAN-SUMMER MONSOON; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; GLOBAL PRECIPITATION; TROPICAL RAINFALL; OCEAN; FORECASTS; PACIFIC; ENSO; SYSTEM AB Accurate prediction of the Asian-Australian monsoon (A-AM) seasonal variation is one of the most important and challenging tasks in climate prediction. In order to understand the causes of the low accuracy in the current prediction of the A-AM precipitation, this study strives to determine to what extent the ten state-of-the-art coupled atmosphere-ocean-land climate models and their multi-model ensemble (MME) can capture the two observed major modes of A-AM rainfall variability-which account for 43% of the total interannual variances during the retrospective prediction period of 1981-2001. The first mode is associated with the turnabout of warming to cooling in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), whereas the second mode leads the warming/cooling by about 1 year, signaling precursory conditions for ENSO. The first mode has a strong biennial tendency and reflects the Tropical Biennial Oscillation (Meehl in J Clim 6:31-41, 1993). We show that the MME 1-month lead prediction of the seasonal precipitation anomalies captures the first two leading modes of variability with high fidelity in terms of seasonally evolving spatial patterns and year-to-year temporal variations, as well as their relationships with ENSO. The MME shows a potential to capture the precursors of ENSO in the second mode about five seasons prior to the maturation of a strong El Nino. However, the MME underestimates the total variances of the two modes and the biennial tendency of the first mode. The models have difficulties in capturing precipitation over the maritime continent and the Walker-type teleconnection in the decaying phase of ENSO, which may contribute in part to a monsoon "spring prediction barrier" (SPB). The NCEP/CFS model hindcast results show that, as the lead time increases, the fractional variance of the first mode increases, suggesting that the long-lead predictability of A-AM rainfall comes primarily from ENSO predictability. In the CFS model, the correlation skill for the first principal component remains about 0.9 up to 6 months before it drops rapidly, but for the spatial pattern it exhibits a drop across the boreal spring. This study uncovered two surprising findings. First, the coupled models' MME predictions capture the first two leading modes of precipitation variability better than those captured by the ERA-40 and NCEP-2 reanalysis datasets, suggesting that treating the atmosphere as a slave may be inherently unable to simulate summer monsoon rainfall variations in the heavily precipitating regions (Wang et al. in J Clim 17:803-818, 2004). It is recommended that future reanalysis should be carried out with coupled atmosphere and ocean models. Second, While the MME in general better than any individual models, the CFS ensemble hindcast outperforms the MME in terms of the biennial tendency and the amplitude of the anomalies, suggesting that the improved skill of MME prediction is at the expense of overestimating the fractional variance of the leading mode. Other outstanding issues are also discussed. C1 [Wang, Bin; Lee, June-Yi] Univ Hawaii, IPRC, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Kang, I. -S.; Kug, J. -S.] Seoul Natl Univ, Seoul, South Korea. [Shukla, J.] George Mason Univ, Calverton, MD USA. [Shukla, J.] COLA, Calverton, MD USA. [Kumar, A.; Schemm, J.] NCEP, NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Luo, J. -J.; Yamagata, T.] FRCGC JAMSTEC, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. [Park, C. -K.] APEC Climate Ctr, Pusan, South Korea. RP Wang, B (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, IPRC, POST Bldg,Room 401,1680 E W Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM wangbin@hawaii.edu RI Yamagata, Toshio/A-1807-2009; Luo, Jing-Jia/B-2481-2008; Lee, June-Yi/D-5752-2012; KUG, JONG-SEONG/A-8053-2013; 안, 민섭/D-9972-2015 OI Luo, Jing-Jia/0000-0003-2181-0638; NR 55 TC 83 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 30 IS 6 BP 605 EP 619 DI 10.1007/s00382-007-0310-5 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 279MZ UT WOS:000254360600004 ER PT J AU Boeing, WJ Duffy-Anderson, JT AF Boeing, Wiebke J. Duffy-Anderson, Janet T. TI Ichthyoplankton dynamics and biodiversity in the Gulf of Alaska: Responses to environmental change SO ECOLOGICAL INDICATORS LA English DT Article DE fish larvae; regime shifts; climate change; ecosystem shifts; metrics ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK; EDDY-RESOLVING MODEL; COASTAL FRESH-WATER; EARLY-LIFE HISTORY; LONG-TERM CHANGES; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; NORTHERN GULF; WESTERN GULF; OF-ALASKA AB Climate variation can cause major changes in the marine food web. We analyzed over 24 years of ichthyoplankton data from the Gulf of Alaska to evaluate lower trophic level responses to environmental change and judge their usefulness as ecological indicators. We standardized abundance data for each of 77 ichthyoplankton taxa, and used the Bray-Curtis distance measure and Flexible Beta linkage method, which grouped them into 22 discrete clusters. Variance Partitioning Analysis stressed the importance of geographical and seasonal processes for ichthyoplankton dynamics, and helped us identify the specific region(s) and month(s) for each response variable (cluster abundance, diversity) in which annual variation was maximized. Response variables were linked to environmental explanatory variables (atmospheric pressure, temperature, salinity and circulation indices) by Canonical Correspondence Analysis. The North Pacific Index (atmospheric pressure) and meso-scale climate variables like the El Ni (n) over tildeo Index (temperature), wind, and freshwater input (circulation) had the strongest impacts on ichthyoplankton species clusters. Specifically, the El Ni (n) over tildeo Index was negatively correlated with several ichthyoplankton clusters that were dominated by cold water species. Circulation was predominantly positively related to diversity and ichthyoplankton clusters, with the exception of clusters that mainly consisted of offshore taxa. The immediate response of ichthyoplankton to environmental forcing might make them suitable ecological indicators of environmental change although additional work is needed to assess affects on survival and recruitment. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Boeing, Wiebke J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Boeing, Wiebke J.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Fishery & Wildlife Sci, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Duffy-Anderson, Janet T.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Boeing, WJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, POB 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM wboeing@nmsu.edu NR 58 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1470-160X J9 ECOL INDIC JI Ecol. Indic. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 292 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.ecolind.2007.03.002 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 255WK UT WOS:000252688600010 ER PT J AU Johnson, DS London, JM Lea, MA Durban, JW AF Johnson, Devin S. London, Joshua M. Lea, Mary-Anne Durban, John W. TI Continuous-time correlated random walk model for animal telemetry data SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE argos location; Callorhinus ursinus; correlated random walk; harbor seal; integrated stochastic process; kalman filter; marine mammals; northern fur seal; Phoca vitulina; satellite telemetry; state space model ID MOVEMENT; LOCATION; DIFFUSION; SEALS; TAGS AB We propose a continuous-time version of the correlated random walk model for animal telemetry data. The continuous-time formulation allows data that have been nonuniformly collected over time to be modeled without subsampling, interpolation, or aggregation to obtain a set of locations uniformly spaced in time. The model is derived from a continuous-time Ornstein-Uhlenbeck velocity process that is integrated to form a location process. The continuous-time model was placed into a state-space framework to allow parameter estimation and location predictions from observed animal locations. Two previously unpublished marine mammal telemetry data sets were analyzed to illustrate use of the model, by-products available from the analysis, and different modifications which are possible. A harbor seal data set was analyzed with a model that incorporates the proportion of each hour spent on land. Also, a northern fur seal pup data set was analyzed with a random drift component to account for directed travel and ocean currents. C1 [Johnson, Devin S.; London, Joshua M.; Lea, Mary-Anne; Durban, John W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Johnson, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM devin.johnson@noaa.gov RI Logger, Satellite/C-1379-2010; Lea, Mary-Anne/E-9054-2013; OI Lea, Mary-Anne/0000-0001-8318-9299; London, Josh/0000-0002-3647-5046 NR 19 TC 124 Z9 124 U1 4 U2 42 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1707 H ST NW, STE 400, WASHINGTON, DC 20006-3915 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD MAY PY 2008 VL 89 IS 5 BP 1208 EP 1215 DI 10.1890/07-1032.1 PG 8 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 304HS UT WOS:000256101200005 PM 18543615 ER PT J AU Moore, JW Semmens, BX AF Moore, Jonathan W. Semmens, Brice X. TI Incorporating uncertainty and prior information into stable isotope mixing models SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Letter DE bayesian; carbon; diet; food web; isotopic fractionation; MixSIR; nitrogen; rainbow trout; salmon; sampling importance resampling ID TROPHIC POSITION; CARBON ISOTOPES; INTRAPOPULATION VARIATION; NITROGEN ISOTOPES; FOOD-CHAINS; DELTA-C-13; ECOLOGY; DELTA-N-15; DIET; ASSUMPTIONS AB Stable isotopes are a powerful tool for ecologists, often used to assess contributions of different sources to a mixture (e.g. prey to a consumer). Mixing models use stable isotope data to estimate the contribution of sources to a mixture. Uncertainty associated with mixing models is often substantial, but has not yet been fully incorporated in models. We developed a Bayesian-mixing model that estimates probability distributions of source contributions to a mixture while explicitly accounting for uncertainty associated with multiple sources, fractionation and isotope signatures. This model also allows for optional incorporation of informative prior information in analyses. We demonstrate our model using a predator-prey case study. Accounting for uncertainty in mixing model inputs can change the variability, magnitude and rank order of estimates of prey (source) contributions to the predator (mixture). Isotope mixing models need to fully account for uncertainty in order to accurately estimate source contributions. C1 [Moore, Jonathan W.; Semmens, Brice X.] Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Moore, Jonathan W.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Moore, JW (reprint author), Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jwmoore@biology.ucsc.edu NR 50 TC 382 Z9 401 U1 21 U2 212 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 11 IS 5 BP 470 EP 480 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01163.x PG 11 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283WE UT WOS:000254666400006 PM 18294213 ER PT J AU Darcis, PP McCowan, CN Windhoff, H McColskey, JD Siewert, TA AF Darcis, Ph. P. McCowan, C. N. Windhoff, H. McColskey, J. D. Siewert, T. A. TI Crack tip opening angle optical measurement methods in five pipeline steels SO ENGINEERING FRACTURE MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE crack tip opening angle; optical angle measurement methods; pipeline steels; modified double cantilever beam CTOA test set-up ID ALUMINUM-ALLOY; CTOA; PROPAGATION; RESISTANCE; SPECIMEN; SHEET AB Crack tip opening angle (CTOA) is becoming one of the more widely accepted properties for characterizing fully plastic fracture. In fact, it has been recognized as measure of the resistance of a material to fracture in cases where there is a large degree Of stable-tearing crack extension during the fracture process. Our current pipeline research uses the CTOA concept as an alternative or an addition to the fracture energy characterizations provided by the Charpy V-notch (CVN) and drop weight tear test (DWTT). A test technique for direct measurement of CTOA was developed by Use of a modified double cantilever beam (MDCB) specimen. A digital camera and image analysis software were used to record the progression of the crack tip and to estimate CTOA. In this report, different optical measurement methods are compared, three using the crack edges adjacent to the crack tip (defined in the ISO draft standard and ASTM standard) and One using the specimen surface grid lines. Differences in CTOA resulting from the various measurement methods are evaluated. The CTOAs for five different grades of-as pipeline steel are reported, and the effect of microstructure on CTOA is discussed. published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Darcis, Ph. P.; McCowan, C. N.; McColskey, J. D.; Siewert, T. A.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil 853, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Windhoff, H.] Olympus Soft Imaging Solut Corp, Lakewood, CO 80228 USA. RP Darcis, PP (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil 853, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM darcis@boulder.nist.gov NR 30 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0013-7944 J9 ENG FRACT MECH JI Eng. Fract. Mech. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 75 IS 8 BP 2453 EP 2468 DI 10.1016/j.engfracmech.2007.08.004 PG 16 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 279KL UT WOS:000254354000033 ER PT J AU Salinas, KA Hemmer, MJ Harris, PS Walker, CC AF Salinas, Kimberly A. Hemmer, Michael J. Harris, Peggy S. Walker, Calvin C. TI A simple and rapid matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry method to screen fish plasma samples for estrogen-responsive biomarkers SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE endocrine-disrupting compounds; protein profiling; matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization; sheepshead minnow; estrogen ID PROTEIN EXPRESSION SIGNATURES; FATHEAD MINNOW VITELLOGENIN; RAINBOW-TROUT; PROSTATE-CANCER; ZONA RADIATA; ENVIRONMENTAL ESTROGENS; CYPRINODON-VARIEGATUS; LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; EGGSHELL PROTEIN; OVARIAN-CANCER AB In the present study, we describe and evaluate the performance of a simple and rapid mass spectral method for screening fish plasma for estrogen-responsive biomarkers using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time of flight mass spectrometry coupled with a short-term fish assay. Adult male sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus) were placed into aquaria consisting of vehicle control and the following estrogen agonist treatments: 17 beta-estradiol (0.00625, 0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 mu g/L, 4-tert-pentylphenol (100 mu g/L), methoxychlor (6 and 12 mu g/L), and bisphenol A (100 and 1,000 mu g/L). Treatments with chlorpyrifos (80 mu g/L) and endosulfan (0.6 mu g/L) served as nonestrogenic negative controls. Test concentrations were maintained using an intermittent flow-through dosing apparatus. Plasma was obtained from individuals, diluted and applied to an inert surface, and analyzed by MALDI. Multiple protein peaks, ranging from 2.9 to 12.9 kDa, were identified as markers of estrogenic effects when comparing estrogen-treated and control fish using interpercentile reference values. A binary classification tree model was constructed from plasma protein profiles of the vehicle control and the 0.2 mu g/L of 17 beta-estradiol treatments and then used to evaluate all samples. Treatments with the estrogen agonists 17 beta-estradiol, 4-tert-pentyl phenol, methoxychlor, and bisphenol-A generated reproducible diagnostic biomarkers based on the presence of specific estrogen-responsive plasma proteins. The controls and nonestrogenic compounds chlorpyrifos and endosulfan did not produce this estrogen-responsive protein profile. A no-observed-effect level for 17 beta-estradiol at 0.025 mu g/L was estimated from concentration-response exposures. The MALDI method described here provides a straightforward, sensitive, and specific tool to screen chemicals for estrogenic activity. C1 [Salinas, Kimberly A.; Hemmer, Michael J.; Harris, Peggy S.] US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. [Walker, Calvin C.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS USA. RP Salinas, KA (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Hlth & Environm Effects Res Lab, Gulf Ecol Div, Gulf Breeze, FL USA. EM salinas.kimberly@epa.gov NR 31 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU SOC ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY & CHEMISTRY-SETAC PI PENSACOLA PA 1010 N 12TH AVE, PENSACOLA, FL 32501-3367 USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1175 EP 1183 DI 10.1897/07-226.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 289OL UT WOS:000255063700022 PM 18419181 ER PT J AU Wolff, M Akgun, B Walz, M Magerl, A Zabel, H AF Wolff, M. Akgun, B. Walz, M. Magerl, A. Zabel, H. TI Slip and depletion in a Newtonian liquid SO EPL LA English DT Article ID HYDROPHOBIC SURFACES; WATER; INTERFACE; LAYER; FILM AB Despite the fact that the magnitude of surface slip, which may occur for a liquid. owing past a solid wall, was quantified by different experimental techniques, the microscopic origin of this effect remains unclear. In the present article we present a neutron reflectivity study for a Newtonian liquid, hexadecane, in contact with solid walls at rest and under shear. In this system slip is not explained by a depleted liquid layer. Copyright (c) EPLA, 2008. C1 [Wolff, M.; Zabel, H.] Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Solid State Phys, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. [Wolff, M.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Akgun, B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Akgun, B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Walz, M.; Magerl, A.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Chair Crystallog & Struct Phys, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. RP Wolff, M (reprint author), Ruhr Univ Bochum, Inst Solid State Phys, EP 4, D-44780 Bochum, Germany. EM v-wolff@ill.eu RI Walz, Marco/F-6142-2010; Akgun, Bulent/H-3798-2011; Magerl, Andreas/E-1797-2013 NR 26 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU EPL ASSOCIATION, EUROPEAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY PI MULHOUSE PA 6 RUE DES FRERES LUMIERE, MULHOUSE, 68200, FRANCE SN 0295-5075 J9 EPL-EUROPHYS LETT JI EPL PD MAY PY 2008 VL 82 IS 3 AR 36001 DI 10.1209/0295-5075/82/36001 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 293XU UT WOS:000255369500017 ER PT J AU Seto, H Yamada, NL Nagao, M Hishida, M Takeda, T AF Seto, H. Yamada, N. L. Nagao, M. Hishida, M. Takeda, T. TI Bending modulus of lipid bilayers in a liquid-crystalline phase including an anomalous swelling regime estimated by neutron spin echo experiments SO EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL E LA English DT Article ID PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; FLUCTUATIONS; SPECTROMETER; TRANSITION; MEMBRANES; VESICLES AB Membrane fluctuations of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) were investigated by neutron spin echo spectroscopy. The intermediate structure factor was analyzed in terms of the model proposed by Zilman and Granek (Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 4788 (1996)), and the bending modulus of lipid bilayers was derived. The hardening of a lipid bilayer upon approaching the main transition point in the anomalous swelling regime was observed, which naturally connects the bending modulus in the gel phase below the main transition temperature. C1 [Yamada, N. L.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. [Seto, H.; Hishida, M.] Kyoto Univ, Dept Phys, Kyoto 6068502, Japan. [Nagao, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nagao, M.] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Takeda, T.] Hiroshima Univ, Grad Sch Integrated Arts & Sci, Higashihiroshima 7398521, Japan. RP Seto, H (reprint author), High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Inst Mat Struct Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050801, Japan. EM hideki.seto@kek.jp OI Seto, Hideki/0000-0002-1658-3576 NR 33 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1292-8941 J9 EUR PHYS J E JI Eur. Phys. J. E PD MAY PY 2008 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 217 EP 223 DI 10.1140/epje/i2007-10315-0 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 307OV UT WOS:000256329100026 PM 18446269 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Hendry, AP AF Waples, Robin S. Hendry, Andrew P. TI Special Issue: Evolutionary perspectives on salmonid conservation and management SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material DE Anthropogenic change; adaptation; eco-evolutionary; evolutionary history; plasticity ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; CLIMATE-CHANGE; CONTEMPORARY EVOLUTION; RAPID EVOLUTION; PACIFIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; REPRODUCTIVE ISOLATION; MIGRATORY COSTS; SOCKEYE-SALMON; EXTINCTION AB This special issue of Evolutionary Applications comprises 15 papers that illustrate how evolutionary principles can inform the conservation and management of salmonid fishes. Several papers address the past evolutionary history of salmonids to gain insights into their likely plastic and genetic responses to future environmental change. The remaining papers consider potential evolutionary responses to climate warming, biological invasions, artificial propagation, habitat alteration, and harvesting. All of these papers consider how such influences might alter selective regimes, which should then favour plastic or genetic responses. Some of the papers then go on to document such responses, at least some of which are genetically based and adaptive. Despite the different approaches and target species, all of the papers argue for the importance of evolutionary considerations in the conservation and management of salmonids. C1 [Waples, Robin S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hendry, Andrew P.] McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Hendry, Andrew P.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Hendry, Andrew/C-5765-2008; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 OI Hendry, Andrew/0000-0002-4807-6667; NR 63 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 24 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 183 EP 188 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00035.x PG 6 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399EP UT WOS:000262783500001 PM 25567625 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Pess, GR Beechie, T AF Waples, Robin S. Pess, George R. Beechie, Tim TI Evolutionary history of Pacific salmon in dynamic environments SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE disturbance regimes; diversity; glaciation; habitat; Holocene; Oncorhynchus; Pleistocene ID GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; CHINOOK SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; CONSERVATION BIOLOGY; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; ANIMAL POPULATIONS; ONCORHYNCHUS-NERKA; CHANNEL NETWORKS; LATE PLEISTOCENE AB Contemporary evolution of Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) is best viewed in the context of the evolutionary history of the species and the dynamic ecosystems they inhabit. Speciation was complete by the late Miocene, leaving c. six million years for intraspecific diversification. Following the most recent glacial maximum, large areas became available for recolonization. Current intraspecific diversity is thus the product of recent evolution overlaid onto divergent historical lineages forged during recurrent episodes of Pleistocene glaciation. In northwestern North America, dominant habitat features have been relatively stable for the past 5000 years, but salmon ecosystems remain dynamic because of disturbance regimes (volcanic eruptions, landslides, wildfires, floods, variations in marine and freshwater productivity) that occur on a variety of temporal and spatial scales. These disturbances both create selective pressures for adaptive responses by salmon and inhibit long-term divergence by periodically extirpating local populations and creating episodic dispersal events that erode emerging differences. Recent anthropogenic changes are replicated pervasively across the landscape and interrupt processes that allow natural habitat recovery. If anthropogenic changes can be shaped to produce disturbance regimes that more closely mimic (in both space and time) those under which the species evolved, Pacific salmon should be well-equipped to deal with future challenges, just as they have throughout their evolutionary history. C1 [Waples, Robin S.; Pess, George R.; Beechie, Tim] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 117 TC 65 Z9 66 U1 3 U2 44 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 189 EP 206 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00023.x PG 18 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399EP UT WOS:000262783500002 PM 25567626 ER PT J AU Crozier, LG Hendry, AP Lawson, PW Quinn, TP Mantua, NJ Battin, J Shaw, RG Huey, RB AF Crozier, L. G. Hendry, A. P. Lawson, P. W. Quinn, T. P. Mantua, N. J. Battin, J. Shaw, R. G. Huey, R. B. TI Potential responses to climate change in organisms with complex life histories: evolution and plasticity in Pacific salmon SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE genetic correlation; global warming; phenological change; smolt timing ID SUMMER CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA POPULATIONS; JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; LONG-TERM CONSEQUENCES; SOCKEYE-SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; PHENOTYPIC PLASTICITY; CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; WATER TEMPERATURE AB Salmon life histories are finely tuned to local environmental conditions, which are intimately linked to climate. We summarize the likely impacts of climate change on the physical environment of salmon in the Pacific Northwest and discuss the potential evolutionary consequences of these changes, with particular reference to Columbia River Basin spring/summer Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) salmon. We discuss the possible evolutionary responses in migration and spawning date egg and juvenile growth and development rates, thermal tolerance, and disease resistance. We know little about ocean migration pathways, so cannot confidently suggest the potential changes in this life stage. Climate change might produce conflicting selection pressures in different life stages, which will interact with plastic (i. e. nongenetic) changes in various ways. To clarify these interactions, we present a conceptual model of how changing environmental conditions shift phenotypic optima and, through plastic responses, phenotype distributions, affecting the force of selection. Our predictions are tentative because we lack data on the strength of selection, heritability, and ecological and genetic linkages among many of the traits discussed here. Despite the challenges involved in experimental manipulation of species with complex life histories, such research is essential for full appreciation of the biological effects of climate change. C1 [Crozier, L. G.; Battin, J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Hendry, A. P.] McGill Univ, Redpath Museum, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Hendry, A. P.] McGill Univ, Dept Biol, Montreal, PQ H3A 2K6, Canada. [Lawson, P. W.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR USA. [Quinn, T. P.; Mantua, N. J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Shaw, R. G.] Univ Minnesota, Dept Ecol Evolut & Behav, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Shaw, R. G.] Univ Minnesota, Minnesota Ctr Community Genet, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Huey, R. B.] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Crozier, LG (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM lisa.crozier@noaa.gov RI Huey, Raymond/F-1597-2010; Hendry, Andrew/C-5765-2008; Crozier, Lisa/E-2248-2012 OI Hendry, Andrew/0000-0002-4807-6667; NR 153 TC 183 Z9 189 U1 15 U2 179 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 252 EP 270 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00033.x PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399EP UT WOS:000262783500006 PM 25567630 ER PT J AU Williams, JG Zabel, RW Waples, RS Hutchings, JA Connor, WP AF Williams, John G. Zabel, Richard W. Waples, Robin S. Hutchings, Jeffrey A. Connor, William P. TI Potential for anthropogenic disturbances to influence evolutionary change in the life history of a threatened salmonid SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anthropongenic disturbance; evolutionary change; life-history change; salmonid ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SNAKE RIVER; ATLANTIC SALMON; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; POPULATIONS; GROWTH; WILD; DIVERGENCE AB Although evolutionary change within most species is thought to occur slowly, recent studies have identified cases where evolutionary change has apparently occurred over a few generations. Anthropogenically altered environments appear particularly open to rapid evolutionary change over comparatively short time scales. Here, we consider a Pacific salmon population that may have experienced life-history evolution, in response to habitat alteration, within a few generations. Historically, juvenile fall Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Snake River migrated as subyearlings to the ocean. With changed riverine conditions that resulted from hydropower dam construction, some juveniles now migrate as yearlings, but more interestingly, the yearling migration tactic has made a large contribution to adult returns over the last decade. Optimal life-history models suggest that yearling juvenile migrants currently have a higher fitness than subyearling migrants. Although phenotypic plasticity likely accounts for some of the change in migration tactics, we suggest that evolution also plays a significant role. Evolutionary change prompted by anthropogenic alterations to the environment has general implications for the recovery of endangered species. The case study we present herein illustrates the importance of integrating evolutionary considerations into conservation planning for species at risk. C1 [Williams, John G.; Zabel, Richard W.; Waples, Robin S.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Hutchings, Jeffrey A.] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS, Canada. [Connor, William P.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Idaho Fisheries Resource Off, Ahsahka, ID USA. RP Williams, JG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM John.G.Williams@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 73 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 42 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 271 EP 285 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00027.x PG 15 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399EP UT WOS:000262783500007 PM 25567631 ER PT J AU Angilletta, MJ Steel, EA Bartz, KK Kingsolver, JG Scheuerell, MD Beckman, BR Crozier, LG AF Angilletta, Michael J., Jr. Steel, E. Ashley Bartz, Krista K. Kingsolver, Joel G. Scheuerell, Mark D. Beckman, Brian R. Crozier, Lisa G. TI Big dams and salmon evolution: changes in thermal regimes and their potential evolutionary consequences SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE anthropogenic change; Chinook salmon; dams; development; embryos; emergence; fry; selection gradients; temperature ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; SOUTH UMPQUA RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC SALMON; SOCKEYE-SALMON; COHO SALMON; POPULATION VIABILITY; TEMPERATURE REGIMES; CLIMATE VARIABILITY AB Dams designed for hydropower and other purposes alter the environments of many economically important fishes, including Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). We estimated that dams on the Rogue River, the Willamette River, the Cowlitz River, and Fall Creek decreased water temperatures during summer and increased water temperatures during fall and winter. These thermal changes undoubtedly impact the behavior, physiology, and life histories of Chinook salmon. For example, relatively high temperatures during the fall and winter should speed growth and development, leading to early emergence of fry. Evolutionary theory provides tools to predict selective pressures and genetic responses caused by this environmental warming. Here, we illustrate this point by conducting a sensitivity analysis of the fitness consequences of thermal changes caused by dams, mediated by the thermal sensitivity of embryonic development. Based on our model, we predict Chinook salmon likely suffered a decrease in mean fitness after the construction of a dam in the Rogue River. Nevertheless, these demographic impacts might have resulted in strong selection for compensatory strategies, such as delayed spawning by adults or slowed development by embryos. Because the thermal effects of dams vary throughout the year, we predict dams impacted late spawners more than early spawners. Similar analyses could shed light on the evolutionary consequences of other environmental perturbations and their interactions. C1 [Angilletta, Michael J., Jr.] Indiana State Univ, Dept Ecol & Organismal Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. [Steel, E. Ashley; Bartz, Krista K.; Scheuerell, Mark D.; Beckman, Brian R.; Crozier, Lisa G.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Kingsolver, Joel G.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol, Chapel Hill, NC USA. RP Angilletta, MJ (reprint author), Indiana State Univ, Dept Ecol & Organismal Biol, Terre Haute, IN 47809 USA. EM mangilletta@indstate.edu RI Crozier, Lisa/E-2248-2012; Scheuerell, Mark/N-6683-2016 OI Scheuerell, Mark/0000-0002-8284-1254 NR 87 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 4 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 286 EP 299 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00032.x PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399EP UT WOS:000262783500008 PM 25567632 ER PT J AU McClure, MM Carlson, SM Beechie, TJ Pess, GR Jorgensen, JC Sogard, SM Sultan, SE Holzer, DM Travis, J Sanderson, BL Power, ME Carmichael, RW AF McClure, Michelle M. Carlson, Stephanie M. Beechie, Timothy J. Pess, George R. Jorgensen, Jeffrey C. Sogard, Susan M. Sultan, Sonia E. Holzer, Damon M. Travis, Joseph Sanderson, Beth L. Power, Mary E. Carmichael, Richard W. TI Evolutionary consequences of habitat loss for Pacific anadromous salmonids SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE dams; differential habitat loss; evolutionary trajectory; genetic variation; Oncorhynchus ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; LIFE-HISTORY VARIATION; ADULT SOCKEYE-SALMON; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; GENETIC-PARAMETERS; BODY-WEIGHT; SEXUAL-MATURITY AB Large portions of anadromous salmonid habitat in the western United States has been lost because of dams and other blockages. This loss has the potential to affect salmonid evolution through natural selection if the loss is biased, affecting certain types of habitat differentially, and if phenotypic traits correlated with those habitat types are heritable. Habitat loss can also affect salmonid evolution indirectly, by reducing genetic variation and changing its distribution within and among populations. In this paper, we compare the characteristics of lost habitats with currently accessible habitats and review the heritability of traits which show correlations with habitat/environmental gradients. We find that although there is some regional variation, inaccessible habitats tend to be higher in elevation, wetter and both warmer in the summer and colder in the winter than habitats currently available to anadromous salmonids. We present several case studies that demonstrate either a change in phenotypic or life history expression or an apparent reduction in genetic variation associated with habitat blockages. These results suggest that loss of habitat will alter evolutionary trajectories in salmonid populations and Evolutionarily Significant Units. Changes in both selective regime and standing genetic diversity might affect the ability of these taxa to respond to subsequent environmental perturbations. Both natural and anthropogenic and should be considered seriously in developing management and conservation strategies. C1 [McClure, Michelle M.; Beechie, Timothy J.; Pess, George R.; Jorgensen, Jeffrey C.; Holzer, Damon M.; Sanderson, Beth L.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Carlson, Stephanie M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Sogard, Susan M.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Sultan, Sonia E.] Wesleyan Univ, Middletown, CT USA. [Travis, Joseph] Florida State Univ, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Power, Mary E.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Carmichael, Richard W.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR USA. RP McClure, MM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NWFSC, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM michelle.mcclure@noaa.gov RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 NR 150 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 32 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 300 EP 318 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00030.x PG 19 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399EP UT WOS:000262783500009 PM 25567633 ER PT J AU Araki, H Berejikian, BA Ford, MJ Blouin, MS AF Araki, Hitoshi Berejikian, Barry A. Ford, Michael J. Blouin, Michael S. TI Fitness of hatchery-reared salmonids in the wild SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE adaptation; captive breeding; conservation genetics; selection ID DIFFERENTIAL REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; NATURALLY SPAWNING HATCHERY; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; INTRINSIC GROWTH-RATES; STEELHEAD TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; BROWN TROUT; COHO SALMON; NATURAL-SELECTION AB Accumulating data indicate that hatchery fish have lower fitness in natural environments than wild fish. This fitness decline can occur very quickly, sometimes following only one or two generations of captive rearing. In this review, we summarize existing data on the fitness of hatchery fish in the wild, and we investigate the conditions under which rapid fitness declines can occur. The summary of studies to date suggests: nonlocal hatchery stocks consistently reproduce very poorly in the wild; hatchery stocks that use wild, local fish for captive propagation generally perform better than nonlocal stocks, but often worse than wild fish. However, the data above are from a limited number of studies and species, and more studies are needed before one can generalize further. We used a simple quantitative genetic model to evaluate whether domestication selection is a sufficient explanation for some observed rapid fitness declines. We show that if selection acts on a single trait, such rapid effects can be explained only when selection is very strong, both in captivity and in the wild, and when the heritability of the trait under selection is high. If selection acts on multiple traits throughout the life cycle, rapid fitness declines are plausible. C1 [Araki, Hitoshi; Blouin, Michael S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Araki, Hitoshi] Swiss Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland. [Berejikian, Barry A.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester, WA USA. [Ford, Michael J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Blouin, MS (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, 3029 Cordley Hall, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM blouinm@science.oregonstate.edu RI Ford, Michael/K-3147-2012 FU Bonneville Power Administration; ODFW FX We thank Steven Arnold, Hidenori Tachida, Michael Lynch, Robin Waples and Jeff Hard for useful discussions or comments on previous drafts of this manuscript. This research was funded by contracts to M. S. B. from the Bonneville Power Administration and the ODFW. NR 81 TC 215 Z9 221 U1 14 U2 134 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 342 EP 355 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00026.x PG 14 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399EP UT WOS:000262783500012 PM 25567636 ER PT J AU McClure, MM Utter, FM Baldwin, C Carmichael, RW Hassemer, PF Howell, PJ Spruell, P Cooney, TD Schaller, HA Petrosky, CE AF McClure, Michelle M. Utter, Fred M. Baldwin, Casey Carmichael, Richard W. Hassemer, Peter F. Howell, Philip J. Spruell, Paul Cooney, Thomas D. Schaller, Howard A. Petrosky, Charles E. TI Evolutionary effects of alternative artificial propagation programs: implications for viability of endangered anadromous salmonids SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE Chinook salmon; conservation; domestication; hatchery; homogenization; Pacific salmon; recovery ID SPRING CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COLUMBIA-RIVER; PACIFIC SALMON; CAPTIVE POPULATIONS; GENETIC DIVERSITY; STEELHEAD TROUT; HATCHERY; CONSERVATION; WILD AB Most hatchery programs for anadromous salmonids have been initiated to increase the numbers of fish for harvest, to mitigate for habitat losses, or to increase abundance in populations at low abundance. However, the manner in which these programs are implemented can have significant impacts on the evolutionary trajectory and long-term viability of populations. In this paper, we review the potential benefits and risks of hatchery programs relative to the conservation of species listed under the US Endangered Species Act. To illustrate, we present the range of potential effects within a population as well as among populations of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) where changes to major hatchery programs are being considered. We apply evolutionary considerations emerging from these examples to suggest broader principles for hatchery uses that are consistent with conservation goals. We conclude that because of the evolutionary risks posed by artificial propagation programs, they should not be viewed as a substitute for addressing other limiting factors that prevent achieving viability. At the population level, artificial propagation programs that are implemented as a short-term approach to avoid imminent extinction are more likely to achieve long-term population viability than approaches that rely on long-term supplementation. In addition, artificial propagation programs can have out-of-population impacts that should be considered in conservation planning. C1 [McClure, Michelle M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98110 USA. [Utter, Fred M.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Baldwin, Casey] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Wenatchee, WA USA. [Carmichael, Richard W.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, La Grande, OR USA. [Hassemer, Peter F.; Petrosky, Charles E.] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Boise, ID USA. [Howell, Philip J.] US Forest Serv, La Grande, OR USA. [Spruell, Paul] So Utah Univ, Cedar City, UT USA. [Schaller, Howard A.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Vancouver, WA USA. RP McClure, MM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98110 USA. EM michelle.mcclure@noaa.gov RI McClure, Michelle/O-7853-2015 OI McClure, Michelle/0000-0003-4791-8719 NR 103 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 356 EP 375 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00034.x PG 20 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399EP UT WOS:000262783500013 PM 25567637 ER PT J AU Hard, JJ Gross, MR Heino, M Hilborn, R Kope, RG Law, R Reynolds, JD AF Hard, Jeffrey J. Gross, Mart R. Heino, Mikko Hilborn, Ray Kope, Robert G. Law, Richard Reynolds, John D. TI Evolutionary consequences of fishing and their implications for salmon SO EVOLUTIONARY APPLICATIONS LA English DT Review DE adaptation; fitness; heritability; life history; reaction norm; selection; size-selective mortality; sustainable fisheries ID SIZE-SELECTIVE MORTALITY; FISHERIES-INDUCED EVOLUTION; WHITEFISH COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; 3 DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; RIVER SOCKEYE-SALMON; JUVENILE COHO SALMON; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON AB We review the evidence for fisheries-induced evolution in anadromous salmonids. Salmon are exposed to a variety of fishing gears and intensities as immature or maturing individuals. We evaluate the evidence that fishing is causing evolutionary changes to traits including body size, migration timing and age of maturation, and we discuss the implications for fisheries and conservation. Few studies have fully evaluated the ingredients of fisheries-induced evolution: selection intensity, genetic variability, correlation among traits under selection, and response to selection. Most studies are limited in their ability to separate genetic responses from phenotypic plasticity, and environmental change complicates interpretation. However, strong evidence for selection intensity and for genetic variability in salmon fitness traits indicates that fishing can cause detectable evolution within ten or fewer generations. Evolutionary issues are therefore meaningful considerations in salmon fishery management. Evolutionary biologists have rarely been involved in the development of salmon fishing policy, yet evolutionary biology is relevant to the long-term success of fisheries. Future management might consider fishing policy to (i) allow experimental testing of evolutionary responses to exploitation and (ii) improve the long-term sustainability of the fishery by mitigating unfavorable evolutionary responses to fishing. We provide suggestions for how this might be done. C1 [Hard, Jeffrey J.; Kope, Robert G.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Gross, Mart R.] Univ Toronto, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Heino, Mikko] Univ Bergen, Dept Biol, Bergen, Norway. [Heino, Mikko] Inst Marine Res, N-5024 Bergen, Norway. [Heino, Mikko] Int Inst Appl Syst Anal, Evolut & Ecol Program, A-2361 Laxenburg, Austria. [Hilborn, Ray] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Law, Richard] Univ York, Dept Biol, York YO10 5DD, N Yorkshire, England. [Reynolds, John D.] Simon Fraser Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Hard, JJ (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jeff.hard@noaa.gov RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009; Heino, Mikko/C-7241-2009; Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013; Reynolds, John/L-6345-2015 OI Heino, Mikko/0000-0003-2928-3940; Reynolds, John/0000-0002-0459-0074 NR 176 TC 79 Z9 79 U1 7 U2 61 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1752-4571 J9 EVOL APPL JI Evol. Appl. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 388 EP 408 DI 10.1111/j.1752-4571.2008.00020.x PG 21 WC Evolutionary Biology SC Evolutionary Biology GA 399EP UT WOS:000262783500015 PM 25567639 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Shields, JR Cleary, TG Maranghides, A Mell, WE Yang, JC Hayashi, Y Nii, D Kurita, T AF Manzello, Samuel L. Shields, John R. Cleary, Thomas G. Maranghides, Alexander Mell, William E. Yang, Jiann C. Hayashi, Yoshihiko Nii, Daisaku Kurita, Tsuyoshi TI On the development and characterization of a firebrand generator SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE firebrands; WUI fires ID IGNITION; FLIGHT; FIRES AB A unique experimental apparatus has been constructed in order to generate a controlled and repeatable size and mass distribution of glowing firebrands. The present study reports on a series of experiments conducted in order to characterize the performance of this firebrand generator. Firebrand generator characterization experiments were performed at the Fire Research Wind Tunnel Facility (FRWTF) at the Building Research Institute (BRI) in Tsukuba, Japan. The firebrand generator was fed with three different initial firebrand geometries, two different sized cylinders and one size of disks. Cylinders were used to simulate firebrand fluxes from vegetation, such as trees, while disks were used to simulate a firebrand flux from burning structures. Samples of these geometries were constructed from wood dowels, fed into the firebrand generator, ignited, and the glowing firebrands generated were collected using an array of water filled pans. The pans were filled with water in order to quench combustion. The collected firebrands were subsequently dried and the size and mass distribution was measured. These experiments were performed over a range of wind tunnel speeds, with no wind speed present to 9 m/s, to determine the lofting distance of the firebrands generated. Finally, the size and mass distribution produced from the firebrand generator are compared to those produced from burning trees. Results of the study are presented and discussed. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.; Shields, John R.; Cleary, Thomas G.; Maranghides, Alexander; Mell, William E.; Yang, Jiann C.] NIST, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hayashi, Yoshihiko; Nii, Daisaku] Bldg Res Inst, Dept Fire Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050802, Japan. [Kurita, Tsuyoshi] Wind Engn Ctr Co Ltd, Tokyo 1310031, Japan. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, BFRL, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov NR 19 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 258 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.10.001 PG 11 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 315JV UT WOS:000256875700003 ER PT J AU Zapfe, GA Rakocinski, CR AF Zapfe, Glenn A. Rakocinski, Chet R. TI Coherent growth and diet patterns in juvenile spot (Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepede) reflect effects of hydrology on access to shoreline habitat SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE early growth; diet; sciaenidae; spot; estuaries ID DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; SALT-MARSH; ESTUARINE FISHES; SEAGRASS MEADOWS; PREDATION RISK; NURSERY AREAS; NEKTON USE; FOOD; SURVIVAL; LARVAL AB A previous study of hydrological effects on early recruitment of estuary-dependent spot (Leiostomus xanthurus Lacepede) underscored the importance of fluctuations in temperature and salinity on early growth; however, considerable variability in early growth remained unexplained. Hydrology might also influence early growth by mediating access to emergent shoreline vegetation (ESV). In this study, access to ESV was mediated by hydrology over the 38-day study period. Furthermore, otolith microstructure inferred that standard deviation (S.D.) and mean growth decreased with access to ESV. Diets of fish during onshore and offshore frontal passages were consistent with the growth patterns. Less access to ESV corresponded with more variable and greater amounts of food; whereas more access to ESV coincided with the opposite diet pattern. Ontogenetic diet relationships were well defined during ESV access, whereas they were undefined during ESV restriction. This study illustrates how physical forcing can indirectly affect early growth through complex interactions between abiotic and biotic variables. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rakocinski, Chet R.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. [Zapfe, Glenn A.] NMFS, NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. RP Rakocinski, CR (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Coastal Sci, 703 E Beach Dr, Ocean Springs, MS 39564 USA. EM chet.rakocinski@usm.edu NR 40 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1 BP 107 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.12.014 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 304ZC UT WOS:000256146600011 ER PT J AU Werner, S AF Werner, Sam TI Does a neutron know that the earth is rotating? SO GENERAL RELATIVITY AND GRAVITATION LA English DT Article DE neutron interferometry; earth's rotation; earth's gravity ID INDUCED QUANTUM INTERFERENCE; PHASE-SHIFT; INTERFEROMETRY; GRAVITY; ELECTRONS; INERTIA; SPIN AB In 1979 we observed the quantum mechanical phase shift of neutron deBroglie waves due to the Earth's rotation. After the result was published, a number of very nice theoretical papers on the experiment appeared. I have two favorites: The one by M. Dresden and C. N. Yang in which they view the effect as due to the Doppler shift created by reflection from moving mirrors; and the other one by J. J. Sakurai in which he views the origin of the effect as being due to a flux of rotation threading the neutron interferometer loop, in much the same way that magnetic flux threads the electron interferometer loop to create the topological Aharonov-Bohm effect. Here, I would like to place their explanations of the physics of this experiment in juxtaposition with my own understanding of it. C1 [Werner, Sam] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Werner, Sam] Univ Missouri, Dept Phys, Columbia, MO 65211 USA. RP Werner, S (reprint author), NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sam.werner@verizon.net NR 28 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0001-7701 J9 GEN RELAT GRAVIT JI Gen. Relativ. Gravit. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 BP 921 EP 934 DI 10.1007/s10714-007-0583-3 PG 14 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Physics GA 289ZC UT WOS:000255091400004 ER PT J AU De Robertis, A Hjellvik, V Williamson, NJ Wilson, CD AF De Robertis, Alex Hjellvik, Vidar Williamson, Neal J. Wilson, Christopher D. TI Silent ships do not always encounter more fish: comparison of acoustic backscatter recorded by a noise-reduced and a conventional research vessel SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE acoustics; hearing; noise-reduced vessel; survey; vessel avoidance; walleye pollock ID WALLEYE POLLOCK; SOUND; BEAM AB The extent to which fish avoid approaching research vessels is an important source of uncertainty in fisheries surveys. Vessels radiate noise at the frequencies where fish hearing is most sensitive, and noise is thus thought to be the primary stimulus for vessel avoidance. In an effort to minimize vessel avoidance, international standards for noise emission by research vessels have been established. Although vessels meeting these criteria are now in service, the effectiveness of noise quietening on vessel avoidance remains poorly understood. The new, noise-reduced, RV "Oscar Dyson" (OD) will augment the conventionally constructed research vessel, "Miller Freeman" (MF) and serve as the primary platform in conducting acoustic surveys of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in Alaska. To investigate whether noise-reduction measures result in differential avoidance, which would bias the pollock abundance time-series, we conducted an inter-vessel comparison of acoustic backscatter recorded by OD and MF during a survey of walleye pollock in 2006 in the eastern Bering Sea. Overall, we found no evidence for differences in vessel avoidance that would impact the echo integration results of adult pollock. Analysis of pollock depth distributions from both vessels suggests that there is a comparatively greater diving response to OD, with the reaction taking place primarily after the vessel has passed and for fish shallower than 90 m. Given that the change in vertical distribution is after the fish have been detected by the echosounder, this reaction should not influence echo-integration measurements. The results indicate that use of the OD rather than the MF is unlikely to bias the Bering Sea survey time-series through changes in vessel avoidance by adult walleye pollock. C1 [De Robertis, Alex; Williamson, Neal J.; Wilson, Christopher D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hjellvik, Vidar] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. RP De Robertis, A (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alex.derobertis@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 65 IS 4 BP 623 EP 635 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn025 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 300IG UT WOS:000255816900013 ER PT J AU Handegard, NO Williams, K AF Handegard, Nils Olav Williams, Kresimir TI Automated tracking of fish in trawls using the DIDSON (Dual frequency IDentification SONar) SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE DIDSON; multiple-target tracking; trawl-behaviour observation ID INDIVIDUAL FISH; ACOUSTIC CAMERA; BEHAVIOR; VIDEO AB An application for the automated tracking of dual-frequency, identification sonar (DIDSON) data was developed and tested on fish observations taken in midwater trawls. The process incorporates target detection, multiple target tracking, and the extraction of behaviour information such as target speed and direction from the track data. The automatic tracker was evaluated using three test data-sets with different target sizes, observation ranges, and densities. The targets in the datasets were tracked manually and with the automated tracker, using the manual-tracking results as the standard for estimating the performance of the automated tracking process. In the first and third dataset, where the targets were smaller and less dense, the automated tracking performed well, correctly identifying 74% and 57% of targets, respectively, and associating targets into tracks with < 10% error compared with the manually tracked data. in the second dataset, where targets were dense and appeared large owing to the shorter observation range, 45% of targets were correctly identified, and the track error rate was 21%. Target speed and direction, derived from the tracking data, agreed well between the manual and automatic methods for all three test cases. Automated tracking represents a useful technique for processing DIDSON data, and a valuable alternative to time-consuming, manual data-processing, when used in appropriate conditions. C1 [Handegard, Nils Olav] Inst Marine Res, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. [Williams, Kresimir] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Handegard, NO (reprint author), Inst Marine Res, POB 1870, N-5817 Bergen, Norway. EM nils.olav.handegord@imr.no RI Handegard, Nils Olav /I-3047-2012 OI Handegard, Nils Olav /0000-0002-9708-9042 NR 16 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 65 IS 4 BP 636 EP 644 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn029 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 300IG UT WOS:000255816900014 ER PT J AU Lu, K Qian, Y Chen, HH Fu, SL AF Lu, Kejie Qian, Yi Chen, Hsiao-Hwa Fu, Shengli TI WiMAX networks: From access to service platform SO IEEE NETWORK LA English DT Article AB Recently WiMAX has been proposed as an attractive wireless communication technology for providing broadband access for metropolitan areas. Despite its salient features from the technical perspective, the success of the WiMAX network depends on its capability of providing cost-effective solutions for a variety of existing and potential services. To address this issue, we advocate the design of a new network layer that can support multihop communications efficiently in WiMAX networks and that can fully exploit the features of the WiMAX standards. In particular, we first identify services that are important for broadband wireless network providers and investigate the requirements for different services. We then discuss how to design WiMAX networks by considering issues of efficiency, security, and reliability. The key observation is that WiMAX can be properly complemented by advanced connection management and network coding techniques. C1 [Lu, Kejie] Univ Florida, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Hsiao-Hwa] Zhejiang Univ, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Peoples R China. [Chen, Hsiao-Hwa] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Lu, Kejie; Qian, Yi] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00708 USA. RP Lu, K (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00708 USA. EM lukejie@ece.uprm.edu; yqian@nist.gov; hshwchen@ieee.org; fu@unt.edu NR 15 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0890-8044 J9 IEEE NETWORK JI IEEE Netw. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 38 EP 45 DI 10.1109/MNET.2008.4519964 PG 8 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Telecommunications GA 342CQ UT WOS:000258762600006 ER PT J AU Wilson, PF AF Wilson, Perry F. TI Untitled SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTROMAGNETIC COMPATIBILITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Wilson, PF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9375 J9 IEEE T ELECTROMAGN C JI IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 50 IS 2 BP 226 EP 226 DI 10.1109/TEMC.2008.925416 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA V19TT UT WOS:000208095400001 ER PT J AU Gerecht, E Gu, DZ You, LX Yngvesson, KS AF Gerecht, Eyal Gu, Dazhen You, Lixing Yngvesson, K. Sigfrid TI A passive heterodyne, hot electron bolometer imager operating at 850 GHz SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article DE heterodyne detection; hot electron bolometer (HEB) detectors; quasi-optical coupling; terahertz antennas; terahertz imaging ID IF AMPLIFIERS; SIS MIXER; RECEIVERS; NOISE AB We report on the development and characterization of a passive heterodyne hot electron bolometer (HEB) imager operating at 850 GHz. HEB detectors provide unprecedented sensitivity and spectral resolution at terahertz frequencies covering the frequency range of 0.5-5 THz. Terahertz imagers based on HEB technology have sufficient sensitivity to operate in a passive imaging mode, thus eliminating the need for active illumination. We demonstrated a fully automated passive imaging system based on our HEB technology. The front-end heterodyne detector includes a quasi-optically coupled HEB device in close proximity to a monolithic microwave integrated circuit low-noise IF amplifier. We integrated a compact commercial harmonic multiplier local oscillator (LO) source to provide the LO biasing for the HEB detector. Our high spectral resolution terahertz imager has a noise equivalent temperature difference value of 0.4 K and a spatial resolution of approximately 4 mm. C1 [Gerecht, Eyal; Gu, Dazhen; You, Lixing] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yngvesson, K. Sigfrid] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. RP Gerecht, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM gerecht@nist.gov; dau@boulder.nist.gov; lyou@boulder.nist.gov; yngvesson@ecs.umass.edu RI Gu, Dazhen/B-4854-2012; You, Lixing/C-3147-2009 OI You, Lixing/0000-0001-7304-0474 NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9480 J9 IEEE T MICROW THEORY JI IEEE Trans. Microw. Theory Tech. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 56 IS 5 BP 1083 EP 1091 DI 10.1109/TMTT.2008.921289 PN 1 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 303ES UT WOS:000256024400009 ER PT J AU Donthu, S Alem, N Pan, Z Li, SY Shekhawat, G Dravid, V Benkstein, KD Semancik, S AF Donthu, Suresh Alem, Nasim Pan, Zixiao Li, Shu-You Shekhawat, Gajendra Dravid, Vinayak Benkstein, Kurt D. Semancik, Steve TI Directed fabrication of ceramic nanostructures on fragile substrates using soft-electron beam lithography (soft-eBL) SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ceramic nanopatterns; gas sensors; microhotplates; nitride membranes; soft-electron beam lithography (soft-eBL) ID SOLID-STATE NANOSTRUCTURES; MICROSENSOR ARRAYS; ZINC-OXIDE; SENSOR; FILMS; PHOSPHORS; NANOWIRE; EU AB We demonstrate the use of a facile nanopatterning scheme known as soft electron beam lithography (soft-eBL) to fabricate and site specifically position a variety of functional ceramic nanostructures onto two fragile substrates: a 75-nm-thick electron-transparent silicon nitride membrane and suspended microhotplates with embedded heaters. The patterned nanostructures on nitride membranes can be readily probed with a variety of characterization tools without any postfabrication sample preparation, allowing observation of the nanostructures in near-pristine condition. We demonstrate this by characterizing the structural, chemical, and optical properties of several ceramic nanostructures patterned on membranes using electron microscopy and surface scanning probe tools such as atomic force microscopy and near-field scanning optical microscopy. We further demonstrate that such nanostructures, upon integration with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) microhotplate platforms, can function as gas-sensing elements; we evaluate their sensing performance at micromoles per mole target analyte concentration levels. C1 [Donthu, Suresh; Alem, Nasim; Pan, Zixiao; Li, Shu-You; Shekhawat, Gajendra; Dravid, Vinayak] Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Benkstein, Kurt D.; Semancik, Steve] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Donthu, S (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Int Inst Nanotechnol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM sdonthu@exponent.com; nasimalem@yahoo.com; zpan@northwestern.edu; syli@northwestern.edu; g-shekhawat@northwestern.edu; v-dravid@northwestern.edu; kurt.benkstein@nist.gov; steves@nist.gov RI Dravid, Vinayak/B-6688-2009; Pan, Zixiao/D-5650-2011 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC); NSF-Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC); State of Illinois, and Northwestern University; National Science Foundation FX The authors acknowledge the technical assistance of Chip Montgomery in preparing the microhotplate devices for deposition and testing. This research was performed in the Electron Probe Instrumentation Center (EPIC)/Nanoscale Integrated Fabrication, Testing, and Instrumentation (NIFTI)/Keck-II facilities of the Northwestern University Atomic and Nanoscale Characterization Experimental Center (NUANCE) Center at Northwestern University. The NUANCE Center is supported by National Science Foundation (NSF)-Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center (NSEC), NSF-Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC), the State of Illinois, and Northwestern University. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Science Foundation. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1536-125X J9 IEEE T NANOTECHNOL JI IEEE Trans. Nanotechnol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 338 EP 343 DI 10.1109/TNANO.2008.917793 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 342EA UT WOS:000258766200014 ER PT J AU Artemev, A Slutsker, J Roytburd, AL AF Artemev, Andrei Slutsker, Julia Roytburd, Alexander L. TI Phase field modeling of domain structures in ferroelectric thin films SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 16th IEEE International Symposium on Applications of Ferroelectrics CY MAY 27-31, 2007 CL Nara, JAPAN SP IEEE ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PIEZOELECTRICS; SIMULATION; BATIO3; MEMS AB Phase-field simulations were used to explore the effect of the characteristics of the Landau-Devonshire free energy and values of electrostatic and elastic interactions on the formation of different types of domain structures in ferroelectric thin films. Simulations were performed at different constant-applied electric fields and by using a cyclic continuously changing field. It is shown that the 1800 or 900 domain structures can be produced depending on the relative strength of elastic interactions and the ratio of barrier heights that determine the energy of the 1800 and 900 domain boundaries. It is shown that the applied field strength and the thickness of the dead layer can play a minor role in the transition between the 900 and 1800 domain structures. It is also demonstrated that the poling history can affect the type of the domain structure. C1 [Artemev, Andrei] Carleton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Slutsker, Julia] NIST, Div Ceram, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Slutsker, Julia; Roytburd, Alexander L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Artemev, A (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM aartemev@connect.carleton.ca NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD MAY PY 2008 VL 55 IS 5 BP 963 EP 970 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2008.740 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 296IV UT WOS:000255537600006 PM 18519196 ER PT J AU Johnson, WL Martino, CF Kim, SA Heyliger, PR AF Johnson, Ward L. Martino, Carlos F. Kim, Sudook A. Heyliger, Paul R. TI Mode-selective acoustic spectroscopy of trigonal piezoelectric crystals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS FERROELECTRICS AND FREQUENCY CONTROL LA English DT Article ID RESONANCE ULTRASOUND SPECTROSCOPY; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; ALPHA-QUARTZ; COEFFICIENTS; CONSTANTS; CYLINDERS AB A noncontacting electromagnetic-acoustic-resonance technique is presented for generating and detecting vibrational modes with prescribed symmetries in piezoelectric trigonal crystals with cylindrical geometry. This technique provides the experimental basis for determining all elastic constants from a single specimen, while overcoming difficulties in mode identification that can occur in traditional resonant-ultrasound spectroscopy. Narrow-band tone-burst excitation and piezoelectric coupling Eire employed with various geometrical configurations of electrodes near the surface of a quartz specimen. The geometries of the specimen and plates include all of the symmetry elements of the crystallographic point group, which enable selection of the irreducible representation of excited vibrational modes simply by switching electrical leads to the electrodes. C1 [Johnson, Ward L.; Martino, Carlos F.; Kim, Sudook A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Reliabil Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Heyliger, Paul R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Johnson, WL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Reliabil Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wjohnson@boulder.nist.gov RI Martino, Carlos/C-6597-2016 OI Martino, Carlos/0000-0002-0560-2604 NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0885-3010 J9 IEEE T ULTRASON FERR JI IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control PD MAY PY 2008 VL 55 IS 5 BP 1133 EP 1142 DI 10.1109/TUFFC.2008.765 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Acoustics; Engineering GA 296IV UT WOS:000255537600031 PM 18519221 ER PT J AU Hu, B Gharavi, H AF Hu, B. Gharavi, H. TI Directional routing protocols for ad-hoc networks SO IET COMMUNICATIONS LA English DT Article ID ANTENNAS AB A directional routing approach for multihop ad-hoc networks, is presented which has been applied to two on-demand routing protocols: namely dynamic source routing (DSR) and ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing (AODV). Both DSR-based and AODV-based directional routing protocols are designed to balance the trade-off between co-channel interferences from nodes hops away and the total power consumed by all the nodes. In order to select the best route, three metrics are considered in the route discovery process. They consist of hop count, power budget and overlaps between adjacent beams. By exploiting the direction of directional antennas, both routing protocols are capable of reducing overlaps between beams of the nodes along the route, thus eliminating interference. Arbitrary networks and random networks are considered in the simulations. The results show considerable performance gains for transmission of real-time traffic over ad hoc networks. C1 [Hu, B.; Gharavi, H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hu, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bhu@nist.gov NR 16 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU INST ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY-IET PI HERTFORD PA MICHAEL FARADAY HOUSE SIX HILLS WAY STEVENAGE, HERTFORD SG1 2AY, ENGLAND SN 1751-8628 EI 1751-8636 J9 IET COMMUN JI IET Commun. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 2 IS 5 BP 650 EP 657 DI 10.1049/iet-com:20070249 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 301ES UT WOS:000255879800005 ER PT J AU Giangrande, SE Krause, JM Ryzhkov, AV AF Giangrande, Scott E. Krause, John M. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. TI Automatic designation of the melting layer with a polarimetric prototype of the WSR-88D radar SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR; BRIGHT BAND; PRECIPITATION; CALIBRATION AB A new polarimetric melting layer detection algorithm (MLDA) is utilized to estimate the top (melting level) and bottom boundaries of the melting layer and is tailored for operational deployment. Melting layer designations from a polarimetric prototype of the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) in central Oklahoma are validated using radiosonde and model temperature analysis. It is demonstrated that the MLDA estimates the top of the melting layer with a root-mean-square error of about 200 m within 60 km of the radar. There is evidence that the polarimetric radar might yield better spatial and temporal designation of the melting layer within the storm than that obtained from existing numerical model output and soundings. C1 Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, OAR, NOAA, Norman, OK 73072 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meterol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Ryzhkov, AV (reprint author), Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, OAR, NOAA, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM alexander.ryzhkov@noaa.gov RI Giangrande, Scott/I-4089-2016 OI Giangrande, Scott/0000-0002-8119-8199 NR 17 TC 40 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 47 IS 5 BP 1354 EP 1364 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1634.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 311BH UT WOS:000256574500006 ER PT J AU Almeida, JL Harper, B Cole, KD AF Almeida, J. L. Harper, B. Cole, K. D. TI Bacillus anthracis spore suspensions: determination of stability and comparison of enumeration techniques SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bacillus anthracis; DNA extraction; quantitative PCR; spores; stability; storage ID REAL-TIME PCR; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID; SEQUENCE; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; GENOME; CELLS AB Aim: To determine the stability and variability in concentration of spore suspensions of Bacillus anthracis (BA) spore suspensions by comparing different methods of enumeration and to detect changes, if any, under different storage conditions. Methods and Results: Plate and microscope counts were compared to measuring the genomic equivalents based on DNA content BA spore suspensions. We developed chemical methods to extract spore DNA and extra-spore (ES) DNA. DNA mass was determined by gel electrophoresis and QPCR assays were developed using the markers on the chromosome (rpoB) and the pXO1 plasmid (pag). The plate counts and microscope counts were very stable (for up to 900 days). The effect of freezing and the presence of additives in samples were tested for up to 300 days, and the results indicated that the additives tested and freezing did not decrease the viability or microscope counts. Conclusions: Bacillus anthracis spore suspensions can be stored for long periods of time without significant loss of viability or clumping. The content of ES DNA was variable and changed with time. Significant and Impact of the Study: The study shows that BA spore suspensions can be developed for reference materials providing a uniform basis for comparing detection equipment and results from different laboratories. C1 [Almeida, J. L.; Cole, K. D.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Harper, B.] USA, Dugway, UT USA. RP Cole, KD (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Mailstop 8312,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.cole@nist.gov NR 19 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-5072 J9 J APPL MICROBIOL JI J. Appl. Microbiol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 104 IS 5 BP 1442 EP 1448 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03684.x PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Microbiology GA 287XR UT WOS:000254950500024 PM 18194254 ER PT J AU Hill, DH Bartynski, RA Nguyen, NV Davydov, AC Chandler-Horowitz, D Frank, MM AF Hill, D. H. Bartynski, R. A. Nguyen, N. V. Davydov, Albert C. Chandler-Horowitz, Deane Frank, Martin M. TI The relationship between local order, long range order, and sub-band-gap defects in hafnium oxide and hafnium silicate films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TRANSITION-METAL OXIDES; GATE DIELECTRICS; HFO2 AB We have measured x-ray absorption spectra (XAS) at the oxygen K edge for hafnium oxide (HfO(2)) films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD), as well as for hafnium silicate (HfSiO) films grown by CVD. The XAS results are compared to x-ray diffraction (XRD) and spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) data from the same films. Features characteristic of crystalline HfO(2) are observed in the XAS spectra from all CVD-grown HfO(2) films, even for a thickness of 5 nm where XRD is not sensitive. XAS and XRD spectra from the ALD-grown HfO(2) films exhibit the signature of crystallinity only for films that are 20 nm or thicker. These characteristic XAS features are absent in all HfSiO films measured, which is consistent with their being amorphous. The appearance of these peaks in XAS and XRD is correlated with sub-band-gap absorption in the SE spectra, which appears to be intrinsic to crystalline HfO(2) in the monoclinic phase. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Hill, D. H.; Bartynski, R. A.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Hill, D. H.; Bartynski, R. A.] Rutgers State Univ, Surface Modificat Lab, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Nguyen, N. V.; Davydov, Albert C.; Chandler-Horowitz, Deane] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Frank, Martin M.] IBM Corp, Thomas J Watson Res Ctr, Yorktown Hts, NY 10598 USA. RP Hill, DH (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM bart@physics.rutgers.edu RI Davydov, Albert/F-7773-2010 OI Davydov, Albert/0000-0003-4512-2311 NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 9 AR 093712 DI 10.1063/1.2909442 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 302QG UT WOS:000255983200081 ER PT J AU O'Donnell, JNR Langhorst, SE Fow, MD Skrtic, D Antonucci, JM AF O'Donnell, J. N. R. Langhorst, S. E. Fow, M. D. Skrtic, D. Antonucci, J. M. TI Light-cured dimethacrylate-based resins and their composites: Comparative study of mechanical strength, water sorption, and ion release SO JOURNAL OF BIOACTIVE AND COMPATIBLE POLYMERS LA English DT Article DE amorphous calcium phosphate; composites; dimethacrylate resins; dimethacrylate composites; mechanical strength; ion release; photopolymerization; water sorption ID AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE; BIOACTIVE POLYMERIC COMPOSITES; DENTAL COMPOSITES; BIS-GMA; HYBRID; FILLER AB This study explores how resin type affects selected physicochemical properties of complex methacrylate copolymers and their amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP)-filled and glass-filled composites. Two series of photo-polymerizable resin matrices are formulated employing 2,2-bis[p-(2'hydroxy-3'-methaeryloxypropoxy)phenyl]propane (Bis-GMA) or an ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) as the base monomer, unfilled copolymers and composites filled with a mass fraction with 40, 35, and 30%, respectively, of ACP or the un-silanized glass were assessed for biaxial flexure strength (BFS), water sorption (WS), and mineral ion release upon immersion in HEPES-buffered saline solution for up to six months. Substituting EBPADMA for Bis-GMA significantly reduced the WS while only marginally affected the BFS of both dry and wet copolymers. Independent of the filler level, both dry and wet ACP composites formulated with either BTHM or ETHM resins were mechanically weaker than the corresponding copolymers. The BFS of ACP composite specimens after 1 month in saline did not further decrease with further aqueous exposure. The BFS of glass-filled composites decreased with the increased level of the glass filler and the time of aqueous exposure. After 6 months of immersion, the BFS of glass-filled BTHM and ETHM composites, respectively, remained 58 and 41% higher than that of the corresponding ACP composites. Ion release data indicated that a minimum mass fraction of 35% ACP was required to attain the desired solution supersaturation. with respect to hydroxyapatite for both the BTHM and ETHM derived composites. C1 [Antonucci, J. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM drago.skrtic@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE013169-08, R01 DE013169] NR 28 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 7 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 0883-9115 J9 J BIOACT COMPAT POL JI J. Bioact. Compat. Polym. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 23 IS 3 BP 207 EP 226 DI 10.1177/0883911508089932 PG 20 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Polymer Science SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Materials Science; Polymer Science GA 299UQ UT WOS:000255780900001 PM 18607513 ER PT J AU Weir, MD Xu, FHK AF Weir, Michael D. Xu, Flockin H. K. TI High-strength, in situ-setting calcium phosphate composite with protein release SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART A LA English DT Article DE calcium phosphate cement; protein release; chitosan; stress-bearing; bone tissue engineering ID BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN-2B; HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; REINFORCEMENT; GROWTH; DIFFERENTIATION; FIBERS; VITRO; REGENERATION; SCAFFOLDS AB The aim of this study was to develop a mechanically-strong calcium phosphate cement (CPC) with protein release. Chitosan was used to strengthen CPC and control protein release. Mass fraction of protein release = mass of released protein/mass of total protein incorporated into the specimen. Flexural strength (mean +/- sd; n = 6) of CPC containing 100 ng/mL of protein increased from 8.0 +/- 1.4 MPa with 0% chitosan, to 19.8 +/- 1.4 MPa with 15% chitosan (p < 0.05). The latter exceeded the reported strengths of sintered porous hydroxyapatite implants and cancellous bone. When the chitosan mass fraction was increased from 0% to 10% and 15%, protein release varied from 0.60 +/- 0.03 to 0.41 +/- 0.04, and to 0.23 +/- 0.07, respectively (p < 0.05). When powder:liquid ratio increased from 2:1 to 3:1 and 4:1, protein release changed from 0.89 +/- 0.10 to 0.41 +/- 0.04, and to 0.23 +/- 0.07, respectively p < 0.05. Therefore, chitosan content and powder:liquid ratio successfully controlled the protein release. The protein release mass fraction, M, was related to CPC porosity P by: M = 16.9 p(4.5). In summary, a mechanically-strong CPC with controlled protein release was formulated. Protein release was proportional to CPC porosity. The in situ-hardening, nano-apatite composite may have potential for bone tissue engineering, especially when both mechanical strength and controlled release of therapeutic/bioactive agents are needed. (C) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Weir, Michael D.; Xu, Flockin H. K.] NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, FHK (reprint author), NIST, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013 OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE014190, R01 DE014190-05, R01 DE014190-03, R01 DE014190-04, R01 DE014190-06, R01 DE014190-01A2, DE14190, R01 DE014190-02] NR 46 TC 22 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1549-3296 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES A JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part A PD MAY PY 2008 VL 85A IS 2 BP 388 EP 396 DI 10.1002/jbm.a.31347 PG 9 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 285UM UT WOS:000254801700012 PM 17688288 ER PT J AU Chirico, RD Steele, WV AF Chirico, Robert D. Steele, William V. TI Thermodynamic properties of 1,2-dihydronaphthalene: Glassy crystals and missing entropy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE heat capacity; enthalpy of combustion; vapor pressure; density; ideal-gas properties; glassy crystals; triple-point temperature; enthalpy of fusion; phase transition ID THERMOCHEMICAL BOND ENERGIES; 3RD VIRIAL-COEFFICIENT; VAPOR-PRESSURE; TEMPERATURES; COMBUSTION; RECONCILIATION; ENTHALPIES; PETROLEUM; NITROGEN AB Measurements leading to the calculation of the standard thermodynamic properties for gaseous 1,2-dihydronaphthalene (Chemical Abstracts registry number [447-53-0]) are reported. Experimental methods include oxygen combustion-bomb calorimetry, adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, vibrating-tube densitometry, comparative ebulliometry, and inclined-piston gauge manometry. 1,2-Dihydronaphthalene decomposed significantly when heated to temperatures above T = 480 K. Consequently, the critical temperature, critical pressure, and critical density were estimated. Standard molar entropies, standard molar enthalpies, and standard molar Gibbs free energies of formation were derived at selected temperatures between T = 250 K and 500 K. The standard state is defined as the ideal gas at the pressure p = p degrees = 101.325 kPa. Standard entropies are compared with those calculated statistically on the basis of assigned vibrational spectra from the literature for the vapor phase. A large and near constant difference between the entropies calculated statistically and those determined calorimetrically was observed over the entire temperature range studied. Two glass-like features are observed in the heat capacity against temperature curve for the solid state, indicating that the crystals are disordered. A quantitative accounting for the entropy discrepancy is proposed based on possible molecular orientations of 1,2-dihydronaphthalene. Results are compared with experimental values reported in the literature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Chirico, Robert D.] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Steele, William V.] Univ Tennessee, Dept Chem Engn, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Steele, William V.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Nucl Sci & Technol Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Chirico, RD (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chirico@boulder.nist.gov; steelewv@ornl.gov NR 44 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 40 IS 5 BP 806 EP 817 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2008.01.009 PG 12 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 309EV UT WOS:000256444400010 ER PT J AU Groisman, PY Knight, RW AF Groisman, Pavel Ya. Knight, Richard W. TI Prolonged dry episodes over the conterminous united states: New tendencies emerging during the last 40 years SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID PRECIPITATION EXTREMES; SECULAR TRENDS; 20TH-CENTURY; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; CANADA; INTENSITY; 2ND-HALF; DROUGHT; EVENTS AB A disproportionate increase in precipitation coming from intense rain events, in the situation of general warming ( thus, an extension of the vegetation period with intensive transpiration), and an insignificant change in total precipitation could lead to an increase in the frequency of a potentially serious type of extreme events: prolonged periods without precipitation ( even when the mean seasonal rainfall totals increase). This paper investigates whether this development is already occurring during the past several decades over the conterminous United States, for the same period when changes in frequency of intense precipitation events are being observed. Lengthy strings of "dry" days without sizeable (> 1.0 mm) precipitation were assessed only during the warm season ( defined as a period when mean daily temperature is above the 5 C threshold) when water is intensively used for transpiration and prolonged periods without sizable rainfall represent a hazard for terrestrial ecosystem's health and agriculture. During the past four decades, the mean duration of prolonged dry episodes ( 1 month or longer in the eastern United States and 2 months or longer in the southwestern United States) has significantly increased. As a consequence the return period of 1-month-long dry episodes over the eastern United States has reduced more than twofold from 15 to 6-7 yr. The longer average duration of dry episodes has occurred during a relatively wet period across the country but is not observed over the northwestern United States. C1 [Groisman, Pavel Ya.] Natl Climate Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Knight, Richard W.] STG Inc, Asheville, NC USA. RP Groisman, PY (reprint author), Natl Climate Data Ctr, Fed Bldg,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM pasha.groisman@noaa.gov NR 38 TC 75 Z9 77 U1 5 U2 32 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1850 EP 1862 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI2013.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 294LT UT WOS:000255408200002 ER PT J AU Mounier, F Janicot, S Kiladis, GN AF Mounier, Flore Janicot, Serge Kiladis, George N. TI The west African monsoon dynamics. Part III: The quasi-biweekly zonal dipole SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE COMPLEXES; SURFACE CIRCULATION PATTERNS; SAHARAN WEATHER ANOMALIES; TROPICAL NORTH-AFRICA; COUPLED KELVIN WAVES; EASTERLY WAVES; INTRASEASONAL VARIABILITY; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; SUMMER RAINFALL; SAHEL RAINFALL AB This paper presents an investigation of the mechanisms giving rise to the main intraseasonal mode of convection in the African monsoon during northern summer, here identified as the quasi-biweekly zonal dipole (QBZD). The QBZD is primarily characterized by a quasi-stationary zonal dipole of convection whose dimension is larger than the West African monsoon domain, with its two poles centered along the Guinean coast and between 30 and 60 W in the equatorial Atlantic. The QBZD dynamical processes within the Atlantic-Africa domain are examined in some detail. The QBZD has a dipole pattern associated with a Walker-type circulation in the near-equatorial zonal plane. It is controlled both by equatorial atmospheric dynamics through a Kelvin wave-like disturbance propagating eastward between its two poles and by land surface processes over Africa, inducing combined fluctuations in surface temperatures, surface pressure, and low-level zonal winds off the coast of West Africa. When convection is at a minimum over central and West Africa, a lack of cloud cover results in higher net shortwave flux at the surface, which increases surface temperatures and lowers surface pressures. This creates an east - west pressure gradient at the latitude of both the ITCZ (10 degrees N) and the Saharan heat low (20 degrees N), leading to an increase in eastward moisture advection inland. The arrival from the Atlantic of the positive pressure signal associated with a Kelvin wave pattern amplifies the low-level westerly wind component and the moisture advection inland, leading to an increase in convective activity over central and West Africa. Then the opposite phase of the dipole develops. Propagation of the QBZD convective envelope and of the associated 200 high-level velocity potential anomalies is detected from the eastern Pacific to the Indian Ocean. When the effect of the Kelvin wave propagation is removed by filtering, the stationary character of the QBZD is highlighted. The impact of the QBZD in combination with a Kelvin wave is illustrated by a case study of the monsoon onset in 1984. C1 [Janicot, Serge] Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN, IPSL, IRD, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Mounier, Flore] Ecole Polytech, CNRS, LMD, IPSL, F-91128 Palaiseau, France. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Janicot, S (reprint author), Univ Paris 06, LOCEAN, IPSL, IRD, Boite 100,4 Pl Jussieu, F-75252 Paris 05, France. EM serge.janicot@locean-ipsl.upmc.fr RI Janicot, Serge/E-8493-2012 NR 58 TC 47 Z9 50 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1911 EP 1928 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1706.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 294LT UT WOS:000255408200006 ER PT J AU Garcia-Herrera, R Diaz, HF Garcia, RR Prieto, MR Barriopedro, D Moyano, R Hernandez, E AF Garcia-Herrera, R. Diaz, H. F. Garcia, R. R. Prieto, M. R. Barriopedro, D. Moyano, R. Hernandez, E. TI A chronology of El nino events from primary documentary sources in northern Peru SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; VARIABILITY; CLIMATE; TELECONNECTIONS; CENTURIES; EVOLUTION; ENSO AB The authors present a chronology of El Nino (EN) events based on documentary records from northern Peru. The chronology, which covers the period 1550-1900, is constructed mainly from primary sources from the city of Trujillo (Peru), the Archivo General de Indias in Seville (Spain), and the Archivo General de la Nacion in Lima (Peru), supplemented by a reassessment of documentary evidence included in previously published literature. The archive in Trujillo has never been systematically evaluated for information related to the occurrence of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Abundant rainfall and river discharge correlate well with EN events in the area around Trujillo, which is very dry during most other years. Thus, rain and flooding descriptors, together with reports of failure of the local fishery, are the main indicators of EN occurrence that the authors have searched for in the documents. A total of 59 EN years are identified in this work. This chronology is compared with the two main previous documentary EN chronologies and with ENSO indicators derived from proxy data other than documentary sources. Overall, the seventeenth century appears to be the least active EN period, while the 1620s, 1720s, 1810s, and 1870s are the most active decades. The results herein reveal long-term fluctuations in warm ENSO activity that compare reasonably well with low-frequency variability deduced from other proxy data. C1 [Garcia-Herrera, R.; Barriopedro, D.; Hernandez, E.] Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Tierra 2, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. [Diaz, H. F.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Garcia, R. R.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Prieto, M. R.; Moyano, R.] CRICYT, IANIGLA, Inst Argentino Nivol & Glaciol & Ciencias Ambient, Mendoza, Argentina. RP Garcia-Herrera, R (reprint author), Univ Complutense Madrid, Dept Fis Tierra 2, E-28040 Madrid, Spain. EM rgarciah@fis.ucm.es RI Barriopedro, David/C-1421-2008; OI Barriopedro, David/0000-0001-6476-944X; GARCIA HERRERA, RICARDO FRANCISCO/0000-0002-3845-7458 NR 39 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 21 IS 9 BP 1948 EP 1962 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1830.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 294LT UT WOS:000255408200008 ER PT J AU Slagel, MJ Griggs, GB AF Slagel, Matthew J. Griggs, Gary B. TI Cumulative losses of sand to the California coast by dam impoundment SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fluvial sediment; rivers; reservoirs; sedimentation; beaches ID SEDIMENT; REMOVAL; FLUX AB California beaches depend on rivers for the majority of their sand supply, but coastal dams, which prevent sand from getting to beaches and nourishing them naturally, have significantly reduced this supply. Cumulative sand impoundment volumes for each littoral cell provide insight into which littoral cells have been impacted by human activities and where there may be a potential need to augment the littoral budget. Suspended sediment rating curves were created for the 21 major coastal streams in the state to estimate present-day sand fluxes based on relationships between suspended load and bed load. We then compared the postdam sand fluxes to estimated sand fluxes under predam conditions to determine the effects that dams have had on fluvial sand delivery to the coast. The cumulative sand impounded by California's 66 major coastal dams was then calculated on a littoral cell basis. Under predam conditions, California rivers delivered an average of about 10,000,000 m(3)/y of sand to the coast, but this flux has been reduced by about 2,300,000 m(3)/y due to dams. The reductions vary regionally: in northern California, the predam annual sand flux has been reduced by about 5%; in central California, the predam annual sand flux has been reduced by about 31%; and in southern California, the predam annual sand flux has been reduced by about 50%. Cumulatively, about 152,000,000 m(3) of sand has been trapped by all of California's coastal dams since 1885. C1 [Slagel, Matthew J.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Ocean Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Griggs, Gary B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Griggs, Gary B.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Slagel, MJ (reprint author), Off Ocean & Coastal Resource Management, S Carolina Dept Hlth & Environm Control, 1362 McMillian Ave,Suite 400, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. EM slagelmj@dhec.se.gov; griggs@pmc.ucsc.edu NR 28 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 11 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 571 EP 584 DI 10.2112/06-0640.1 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 304PG UT WOS:000256120800003 ER PT J AU White, DL Porter, DE Lewitus, AJ Keesee, J AF White, D. L. Porter, D. E. Lewitus, A. J. Keesee, J. TI Spatial gradient analyses of nutrients and chlorophyll a Biomass in an urbanized lagoonal estuary: A comparison between wet and dry periods SO JOURNAL OF COASTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll; geographic information systems (GISs); nutrients; hurricane; water quality; spatial analysis ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; SALT-MARSH ESTUARY; ATMOSPHERIC DEPOSITION; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; FECAL-COLIFORM; PAMLICO SOUND; WATER-QUALITY; PHYTOPLANKTON; IMPACTS; NITROGEN AB The effects of stochastic events on estuarine water quality parameters are often difficult to quantify spatially due to R S the inherent variability in these systems. The use of geographic information systems to identify spatial patterns and trends can improve such efforts. This work describes the use of geographic information systems and the Mantel Test to determine the existence of trends and the persistence of spatial patterns in the relationships between nutrients and chlorophyll a in an urbanized lagoonal estuarine system, Murrells Inlet, South Carolina. Relatively dry and wet periods were compared, the latter following several substantial precipitation events related to tropical hurricane activity in the summer of 1999. Dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations were elevated following the passage of Hurricane Irene, and chlorophyll a did not increase concomitantly. Orthophosphate was found to have persistently higher concentrations in the more urbanized regions of Murrells Inlet that were consistent spatially during the two sampling periods. Strong spatial and temporal correlations between chlorophyll a and dissolved silicate: dissolved inorganic nitrogen suggest a relationship between the latter ratio and the phytoplankton growth. However, there appeared to be only a tenuous relationship between chlorophyll a and dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus, both spatially and temporally, suggesting that nutrient requirements for phytoplankton growth were met by internal estuarine processes, during this time period. C1 [White, D. L.] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Porter, D. E.; Lewitus, A. J.; Keesee, J.] Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Porter, D. E.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Lewitus, A. J.] NOAA, Ctr Sponsored Coastal Ocean Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP White, DL (reprint author), NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM whitedl@clemson.edu NR 32 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 5 PU COASTAL EDUCATION & RESEARCH FOUNDATION PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0749-0208 J9 J COASTAL RES JI J. Coast. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 649 EP 659 DI 10.2112/05-0498.1 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Physical Geography; Geology GA 304PG UT WOS:000256120800010 ER PT J AU Wang, HJ Akinci, B Garrett, JH Reed, KA AF Wang, Hongjun Akinci, Burcu Garrett, James H., Jr. Reed, Kent A. TI Formalism for applying domain constraints in domain-oriented schema matching SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTING IN CIVIL ENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE information management; computer software; architecture; construction industry ID ONTOLOGY; SUPPORT; MODEL AB Exchanging data between different software systems is a critical requirement in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry, where task specific data models and public data exchange standards have been applied for data representation and exchange. Matching two data models effectively and efficiently is a challenging task, especially when performed manually, due to the large size and the complexity of today's data schemas. Some existing computer-aided approaches have attempted to automate matching of different schemas. These approaches work and reduce human effort under specific conditions; however, they do not always result in an accurate matching of two schemas. Achieving schema matching result comparable in accuracy to manual matching requires leveraging domain specific knowledge. Yet utilization of domain knowledge for schema matching rarely has been incorporated in prior studies. In this paper, we present a semiautomated approach that leverages domain knowledge to improve the schema matching process. Compared to a generic schema matching approach, the approach discussed in this paper is able to generate more accurate results due to the incorporation of domain specific constraints, which are represented and reasoned with to create a match between data models. A prototype was developed to validate this approach through a number of real world test cases, including the matching of two publicly-available data exchange standards. C1 [Wang, Hongjun] ANSYS Inc, Canonsburg, PA 15317 USA. [Akinci, Burcu; Garrett, James H., Jr.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Reed, Kent A.] NIST, Bldg Environm Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wang, HJ (reprint author), ANSYS Inc, 275 Technol Dr, Canonsburg, PA 15317 USA. EM hongjun.wang@ansys.com; bakinci@andrew.cmu.edu; garrett@andrew.cmu.edu; kent.reed@nist.gov NR 42 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0887-3801 J9 J COMPUT CIVIL ENG JI J. Comput. Civil. Eng. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 BP 170 EP 180 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3801(2008)22:3(170) PG 11 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Civil SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 291OW UT WOS:000255207700003 ER PT J AU Gerhart, SD Bert, TM AF Gerhart, Susan D. Bert, Theresa M. TI Life-history aspects of stone crabs (genus Menippe): Size at maturity, growth, and age SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE crabs; fisheries biology; Menippe; molting; morphometrics; reproduction ID SEXUAL-MATURITY; MERCENARIA SAY; POSTSETTLEMENT JUVENILES; GEOGRAPHIC-VARIATION; XANTHIDAE; CRUSTACEA; DECAPODA; TEMPERATURE; BRACHYURA; SALINITY AB Knowing important aspects of life history, such as size at sexual maturity, growth rate, and size at age, is critical for understanding species' population dynamics. For harvested organisms, these life-history characteristics are important in assessing the efficacy of fishery regulations. We used a 15-year database on stone crabs (genus Menippe) inhabiting west-central Florida waters to estimate these life-history aspects. Transition points in crusher-claw propodus length (PL):CW allometry and discriminant function analysis indicated that 50% morphological maturity (CW50) occurred at approximately 70 turn CW for males and 60 mm CW for females. Patterns in the proportions of physiologically mature (gravid) and functionally mature (ovigerous) females in 10-mm-CW size-classes followed the female morphological maturity pattern. The CW50 was significantly smaller than the mean size at behavioral maturity (participation in mating) in males (86 turn CW), but was not in females (62 turn CW). In both sexes, PL:CW allometry also shifted at 30-35 mm CW, allowing us to define three life stages: small juvenile, large juvenile, and adult. Male PL:CW allometry increased dramatically in adulthood, whereas adult-female PL:CW allometry remained the same as that of large juvenile females. Molt frequency decreased with increasing size in both sexes; molt increment increased with increasing size in males but increased only UP to CW50 in females. Adult males and females molt annually in cycles dictated by female reproduction. Males enter the commercial fishery during age three and females during age four. Females have contributed to the reproductive population prior to entering the fishery, but most males probably have not. C1 [Gerhart, Susan D.; Bert, Theresa M.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Gerhart, SD (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, Se Reg Off, 263 13th Ave S, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM susan.gerhart@noaa.gov; theresa.bert@MyFWC.com NR 45 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 15 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 252 EP 261 DI 10.1651/0278-0372(2008)028[0252:LAOSCG]2.0.CO;2 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 305DT UT WOS:000256158700009 ER PT J AU Swiney, KM AF Swiney, Katherine M. TI Egg extrusion, embryo development, timing and duration of eclosion, and incubation period of primiparous and multiparous tanner crabs (Chionoecetes bairdi) SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chionoecetes bairdi; diapause; eclosion; egg extrusion; embryo development; incubation period; primiparous; multiparous; Tanner crabs ID RED KING CRAB; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; SNOW CRAB; CHASMAGNATHUS-GRANULATA; CANCER-MAGISTER; ESTUARINE CRAB; LARVAL RELEASE; DUNGENESS CRAB; MAJIDAE; DECAPODA AB This study compares timing of egg extrusion, embryo development, timing and duration of eclosion, and incubation periods of Kodiak, Alaska, primiparous and multiparous Tanner crabs (Chionoecetes bairdi) reared in identical conditions to determine if and how these variables differ between reproductive states. Female reproductive state (primiparous or multiparous) and dates of egg extrusion were recorded, eggs were sampled monthly to determine egg stage and area, and larvae were collected daily during eclosion to determine timing and duration of eclosion. Primiparous Tanner crabs extruded eggs on average 103 days earlier than multiparous females and embryos developed similarly between groups. Both groups exhibited an embryonic developmental diapause at the gastrula stage, but the length of diapause was approximately 6 months for the primiparous group and 3 months for the multiparous group. This diapause appears to synchronize eclosion. The eggs of primiparous Tanner crabs were significantly smaller than the eggs of multiparous females for a few months after extrusion, but the differences may not be biologically significant. Eclosion was relatively synchronous between the two groups, however the mean eclosion date was 10 days earlier for primiparous females and on average, eclosion took 7 days for primiparous females and 12 days for multiparous females. Primiparous Tanner crabs have an average incubation period of 489 days which is 92 days longer than the average multiparous female incubation period of 397 days. Results of this study clearly illustrate that reproductive cycles differ between primiparous and multiparous Tanner crabs which may result in different reproductive potentials. Differences between primiparous and multiparous Tanner crabs must be understood and included in models for effective stock assessment, fishery management plans, and rebuilding plans. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Kodiak Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Swiney, KM (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Fisheries Res Ctr, Kodiak Lab, 301 Res Court, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. EM katherine.swiney@noaa.gov OI Swiney, Katherine/0000-0001-5482-2710 NR 48 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 6 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 28 IS 2 BP 334 EP 341 DI 10.1651/0278-0372(2008)028[0334:EEEDTA]2.0.CO;2 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 305DT UT WOS:000256158700015 ER PT J AU Vogel, GL Schumacher, GE Chow, LC Takagi, S Carey, CM AF Vogel, G. L. Schumacher, G. E. Chow, L. C. Takagi, S. Carey, C. M. TI Ca pre-rinse greatly increases plaque and plaque fluid F SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE fluoride; rinse; plaque; calcium; pre-rinse ID FLUORIDE CONCENTRATIONS; CALCIUM LACTATE; CALCULUS FORMATION; SALIVARY FLUORIDE; DENTIFRICE; PHOSPHATE; SUCROSE AB Previous studies demonstrated that a Ca pretreatment greatly increases salivary F from a subsequent NaF rinse. This study examines if these increases are found in plaque and plaque fluid F. Thirteen individuals accumulated plaque before rinsing with: (1) 12 mmol/L NaF (228 mu g/g F), (2) 150 mmol/L Ca rinse, or (3) the Ca rinse followed by the F rinse. One hr later, plaque samples were collected, the plaque fluid was recovered, and the plaque residues were extracted 5 times with pH 6.8 or pH 4.8 buffers, and then by acid. The F in each extract after the Ca rinse/F rinse greatly exceeded the corresponding F from the NaF rinse. Consequently, the Ca rinse/F rinse increased the total plaque F and the plaque fluid F by 12x and 5x, compared with the NaF rinse alone. These and the previous salivary results suggest that a Ca pre-treatment may increase the cariostatic effects of topical F agents. C1 [Vogel, G. L.; Schumacher, G. E.; Chow, L. C.; Takagi, S.; Carey, C. M.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vogel, GL (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bureau Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jvogel@nist.gov FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE014707-04, R01 DE014707, DE05354, R01 DE005354, DE14707] NR 24 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 87 IS 5 BP 466 EP 469 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 292ZC UT WOS:000255303600010 PM 18434578 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Zhang, N Dudley, M Caldwell, JD Liu, KX Stahlbush, RE Huang, XR Macrander, AT Black, DR AF Chen, Yi Zhang, Ning Dudley, Michael Caldwell, Joshua D. Liu, Kendrick X. Stahlbush, Robert E. Huang, Xianrong Macrander, Albert T. Black, David R. TI Investigation of electron-hole recombination-activated partial dislocations and their behavior in 4H-SiC epitaxial layers SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Electron-hole recombination; partial dislocation; stacking fault; X-ray topography ID I-N-DIODES; SILICON-CARBIDE AB Electron-hole recombination-activated partial dislocations in 4H silicon carbide homoepitaxial layers and their behavior have been studied using synchrotron X-ray topography and electroluminescence. Stacking faults whose expansion was activated by electron-hole recombination enhanced dislocation glide were observed to be bounded by partial dislocations, which appear as white stripes or narrow dark lines in back-reflection X-ray topographs recorded using the basal plane reflections. Such contrast variations are attributable to the defocusing/focusing of the diffracted X-rays due to the edge component of the partial dislocations, which creates a convex/concave distortion of the basal planes. Simulation results based on the ray-tracing principle confirm our argument. Observations also indicate that, when an advancing partial dislocation interacts with a threading screw dislocation, a partial dislocation dipole is dragged behind in its wake. This partial dislocation dipole is able to advance regardless of the immobility of the C-core segment. A kink pushing mechanism is introduced to interpret the advancement of this partial dislocation dipole. C1 [Chen, Yi; Zhang, Ning; Dudley, Michael] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Caldwell, Joshua D.; Liu, Kendrick X.; Stahlbush, Robert E.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Huang, Xianrong; Macrander, Albert T.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Black, David R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM yichen1@ic.sunysb.edu RI Caldwell, Joshua/B-3253-2008 OI Caldwell, Joshua/0000-0003-0374-2168 NR 19 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 37 IS 5 BP 706 EP 712 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0328-9 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 289CU UT WOS:000255033400030 ER PT J AU Hamilton, LJ Kedzierski, MA Kaul, MP AF Hamilton, L. J. Kedzierski, M. A. Kaul, M. P. TI Horizontal convective boiling of pure and mixed refrigerants within a micro-fin tube SO JOURNAL OF ENHANCED HEAT TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE enhanced heat transfer; micro-fin; refrigerant mixtures; fluid heating; boiling ID EVAPORATION HEAT-TRANSFER; PRESSURE-DROP; TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS; CONDENSATION; HFC134A; HFC125; HFC32 AB This paper presents local convective boiling measurements in a micro-fin tube** for four pure refrigerants: R22, R32, R125, and R134a; and four refrigerant mixtures: R410B (R32/125, 45/55% mass), R32/RI34a (27/73% and 30/70% mass), and R407C (R32/125/134a, 25/23/52% mass). All testing was conducted using a counterflow water-heated horizontal 9.5 mm (Do) U-tube with helical micro-fins. Saturation temperatures ranged from 274.5 K to 293.6 K. Flow boiling heat transfer coefficients for the mixtures' pure components and R22 were measured to establish a baseline for the heat transfer degradation calculations. The measured convective boiling Nusselt numbers for all of the test refrigerants were correlated to a single expression consisting of a product of dimensionless properties valid for mass ve2 2 locities ranging from 70 kg/m. s to 370 kg/m s and for vapor qualities between 0 and 0.7. These measurements were within 20% of the new correlation predictions for 94.6% and 87.3% of the pure refrigerant and mixed refrigerant measurements, respectively. The correlation was shown to predict some existing data from the literature to within 20%. The degradation in heat transfer performance of the mixtures was found to range from 1% to 50% for all refrigerants tested. C1 [Kedzierski, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hamilton, L. J.] USN Acad, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. [Kaul, M. P.] Bristol Compressors, Bristol, VA 24202 USA. RP Kedzierski, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Mark.kedzierski@nist.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU BEGELL HOUSE INC PI REDDING PA 50 CROSS HIGHWAY, REDDING, CT 06896 USA SN 1065-5131 J9 J ENHANC HEAT TRANSF JI J. Enhanc. Heat Transf. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 3 BP 211 EP 226 DI 10.1615/JEnhHeatTransf.v15.i3.30 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 329RU UT WOS:000257889100003 ER PT J AU Chung, KW Chandler, AR Key, PB AF Chung, Katy W. Chandler, Allison R. Key, Peter B. TI Toxicity of carbaryl, diquat dibromide, and fluoranthene, individually and in mixture, to larval grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio SO JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH PART B-PESTICIDES FOOD CONTAMINANTS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES LA English DT Article DE Palaemonetes pugio; carbaryl; diquat dibromide; fluoranthene; mixture toxicity; pesticides; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) ID CHANNA-PUNCTATUS BLOCH; 3 LIFE STAGES; FRESH-WATER; COMMUNITIES; PHENTHOATE; MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; LETHAL; SEVIN; FISH AB This study examined the toxicity of two pesticides (carbaryl and diquat dibromide) and one polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (fluoranthene), both singly and in mixture, to grass shrimp larvae (Palaemonetes pugio). These three chemicals are all present in coastal environments and can easily enter estuarine ecosystems. Fluoranthene was the most toxic chemical with a 96-h LC50 value of 32.45 mu g/L, followed by carbaryl (43.02 mu g/L) and diquat dibromide (1624 mu g/L). In the chemical mixture tests, the binary carbaryl/diquat dibromide mixture and the ternary carbaryl/diquat dibromide/fluoranthene mixture had additive results. C1 [Chung, Katy W.] NOAA NOS NCCOS CCEHBR, JHT Inc, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. [Chandler, Allison R.] Coll Charleston, Charleston, SC 29401 USA. [Key, Peter B.] NOAA, NOS NCCOS CCEHBR, Charleston, SC USA. RP Chung, KW (reprint author), NOAA NOS NCCOS CCEHBR, JHT Inc, Orlando, FL 32826 USA. EM Katy.Chung@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0360-1234 J9 J ENVIRON SCI HEAL B JI J. Environ. Sci. Health Part B-Pestic. Contam. Agric. Wastes PD MAY PY 2008 VL 43 IS 4 BP 293 EP 299 DI 10.1080/03601230801941600 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health GA 303RF UT WOS:000256057500003 PM 18437616 ER PT J AU Horodysky, AZ Brill, RW Fine, ML Musick, JA Latour, RJ AF Horodysky, Andrij Z. Brill, Richard W. Fine, Michael L. Musick, John A. Latour, Robert J. TI Acoustic pressure and particle motion thresholds in six sciaenid fishes SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE animal communication; hearing; particle acceleration; particle velocity; Sciaenidae; soniferous ID AUDITORY BRAIN-STEM; PERCH BAIRDIELLA-CHRYSOURA; INNER-EAR; SOUND PRESSURE; CYNOSCION-NEBULOSUS; HEARING SENSITIVITY; SACCULAR AFFERENTS; POGONIAS-CROMIS; AMBIENT NOISE; TELEOST AB Sciaenid fishes are important models of fish sound production, but investigations into their auditory abilities are limited to acoustic pressure measurements on five species. In this study, we used auditory brainstem response ( ABR) to assess the pressure and particle acceleration thresholds of six sciaenid fishes commonly found in Chesapeake Bay, eastern USA: weakfish ( Cynoscion regalis), spotted seatrout ( Cynoscion nebulosus), Atlantic croaker ( Micropogonias undulatus), red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus), spot ( Leiostomus xanthurus) and northern kingfish ( Menticirrhus saxatilis). Experimental subjects were presented with pure 10 ms tone bursts in 100 Hz steps from 100 Hz to 1.2 kHz using an airborne speaker. Sound stimuli, monitored with a hydrophone and geophone, contained both pressure and particle motion components. Sound pressure and particle acceleration thresholds varied significantly among species and between frequencies; audiograms were notably flatter for acceleration than pressure at low frequencies. Thresholds of species with diverticulae projecting anteriorly from their swim bladders ( weakfish, spotted seatrout, and Atlantic croaker) were typically but not significantly lower than those of species lacking such projections ( red drum, spot, northern kingfish). Sciaenids were most sensitive at low frequencies that overlap the peak frequencies of their vocalizations. Auditory thresholds of these species were used to estimate idealized propagation distances of sciaenid vocalizations in coastal and estuarine environments. C1 [Horodysky, Andrij Z.; Musick, John A.; Latour, Robert J.] Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Brill, Richard W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fine, Michael L.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Dept Biol, Richmond, VA 23284 USA. RP Horodysky, AZ (reprint author), Coll William & Mary, Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Dept Fisheries Sci, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. EM andrij@vims.edu NR 60 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 18 PU COMPANY OF BIOLOGISTS LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA BIDDER BUILDING CAMBRIDGE COMMERCIAL PARK COWLEY RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 4DL, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 0022-0949 J9 J EXP BIOL JI J. Exp. Biol. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 211 IS 9 BP 1504 EP 1511 DI 10.1242/jeb.016196 PG 8 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 290XB UT WOS:000255155700026 PM 18424685 ER PT J AU Mccarthy, JL Friedland, KD Hansen, LP AF Mccarthy, J. L. Friedland, K. D. Hansen, L. P. TI Monthly indices of the post-smolt growth of Atlantic salmon from the Drammen River, Norway SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; growth; post-smolt; survival ID NORTH-SEA AREA; SALAR L.; MARINE SURVIVAL; OCEAN CLIMATE; WILD; MORTALITY; FISH; POSTSMOLTS; MIGRATION; AMERICAN AB Indices of the monthly post-smolt growth of three maturity groups of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar from the Drammen River in Norway were examined. Scale samples were collected from 1983 to 2003, providing a retrospective growth history for 2854 individuals. Overall post-smolt growth of all three maturity groups decreased throughout the study period. When the post-smolt year was segmented into 8 monthly indices, there was a significant decline in growth during the fourth and fifth month, typically months of maximum growth. The pre-fishery abundance of one and two sea-winter fish from Norway also showed a decline throughout the study period and was positively correlated to the post-smolt growth of fish returning to the Drammen River. Freshwater growth was negatively correlated to the pre-fishery abundance, thus indicating that factors affecting post-smolt growth during the fourth and fifth months at sea may be responsible for declining return numbers in Norway. C1 [Mccarthy, J. L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resource Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Friedland, K. D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Hansen, L. P.] Norwegian Inst Nat Res, NO-0349 Oslo, Norway. RP Mccarthy, JL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resource Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM oceanjennifer@yahoo.com NR 49 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1572 EP 1588 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01820.x PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 289FQ UT WOS:000255040800002 ER PT J AU Lee, JSF Berejikian, BA AF Lee, J. S. F. Berejikian, B. A. TI Effects of the rearing environment on average behaviour and behavioural variation in steelhead SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE conservation hatchery; environmental enrichment; exploratory behaviour ID JUVENILE STEELHEAD; REINTRODUCTION PROGRAMS; BRACHYRAPHIS-EPISCOPI; PREDATOR RECOGNITION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; WILD POPULATIONS; HATCHERY TANKS; HABITAT USE; FISH; BOLDNESS AB In the context of conservation hatcheries that seek to bolster wild populations by releasing captively-reared fishes into the wild, steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss were used to test the hypothesis that naturalistic rearing environments promote adaptive behaviour that might otherwise not develop in typical hatchery environments. When comparisons were made among fish reared in barren, structured or structurally variable environments (i.e. the location of the structure was repositioned every 2-3 days), structure in the rearing environment increased future exploratory behaviour, but only if the structure was stable. Under conditions of high perceived predation risk, the fish no longer exhibited increased exploratory behaviour, suggesting that it is expressed in an adaptive, context-dependant manner. Another concern with hatcheries is that relaxed selection over multiple generations in captivity can increase maladaptive behavioural variation. Compared to rearing in hatchery-typical barren environments, rearing in structured-stable environments decreased behavioural variation. This effect, which occurred during development and did not involve selection, demonstrates a different mechanism for change in behavioural variation in captivity. These experiments show that effects of structure and structural stability occur at the level of both average behaviour and behavioural variation, and suggest that these effects should be considered when fishes are reared in hatcheries for later release into the wild. C1 [Lee, J. S. F.; Berejikian, B. A.] Manchester Res Stn, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Lee, JSF (reprint author), Manchester Res Stn, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM jon.lee@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 3 U2 26 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1736 EP 1749 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01848.x PG 14 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 289FQ UT WOS:000255040800012 ER PT J AU Zuccarelli, MD Kusakabe, M Nakamura, I Prentice, EF Young, G Ingermann, RL AF Zuccarelli, M. D. Kusakabe, M. Nakamura, I. Prentice, E. F. Young, G. Ingermann, R. L. TI Acute stress response of Kootenai River white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus Richardson reflected in peritoneal fluid and blood plasma SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE acipenseridae; acute stress; blood plasma; peritoneal fluid; sturgeon ID PHYSIOLOGICAL-RESPONSES; CORTISOL-LEVELS; RAINBOW-TROUT; FISH; ACID; SYSTEM; DISTURBANCES; AQUACULTURE AB To evaluate whether stress-response indicators in blood plasma (BP) are similarly reflected in the peritoneal fluid (PF) white sturgeon Acipenser transmontanus were stressed by a 30 min air exposure and pH, PCO2, osmolality, cortisol, glucose and lactate levels measured. Changes in certain stress indicators in the BP (pH, PCO2, osmolality and glucose) also occurred in the PF, while stressor-induced changes in cortisol and lactate were restricted to the BP. Data suggest that PF is a modified ultrafiltrate of the blood and potentially a useful indicator of animal stress. C1 [Zuccarelli, M. D.; Ingermann, R. L.] Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Kusakabe, M.; Nakamura, I.; Young, G.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Prentice, E. F.] NOAA Fisheries, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Ingermann, RL (reprint author), Univ Idaho, Dept Biol Sci, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. EM rolfi@uidaho.edu NR 32 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 7 BP 1831 EP 1840 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01840.x PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 289FQ UT WOS:000255040800022 ER PT J AU Day, GW Franzen, DL AF Day, Gordon W. Franzen, Douglas L. TI Optical fiber metrology SO JOURNAL OF LIGHTWAVE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE instrumentation; measurements; multimode fiber; optical fiber metrology; single-mode fiber; standards ID SINGLE-MODE FIBERS; REFRACTIVE-INDEX PROFILES; PHASE-SHIFT TECHNIQUE; SPOT SIZE; CHROMATIC DISPERSION; DELAY MEASUREMENTS; DIRECT FREQUENCY; HIGH-RESOLUTION; FIELD DIAMETER; GAUSSIAN FIELD AB The development of metrology to support the optical fiber communications industry is an excellent case study of how stakeholders-fiber manufacturers, their customers, standards-developing organizations, and (in the U.S.) the Federal Government-worked together to develop product specification standards that facilitated the growth of an industry. This paper reviews some of that history, primarily from the perspective of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, which worked with the industry to provide independent research and neutral coordination of many industry studies and measurement comparisons. C1 [Day, Gordon W.; Franzen, Douglas L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 86 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0733-8724 J9 J LIGHTWAVE TECHNOL JI J. Lightwave Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 26 IS 9-12 BP 1119 EP 1131 DI 10.1109/JLT.2008.923624 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA 316TA UT WOS:000256971400011 ER PT J AU Miller, NA Beall, JA Hilton, GC Irwin, KD O'Neil, GC Schmidt, DR Vale, LR Ullom, JN AF Miller, N. A. Beall, J. A. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. O'Neil, G. C. Schmidt, D. R. Vale, L. R. Ullom, J. N. TI Operation of an X-ray transition-edge sensor cooled by tunnel junction refrigerators SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE NIS junction; refrigeration; TES; tunneling; X-ray detector AB We demonstrate successful cooling of an X-ray transition-edge sensor (TES) using solid-state refrigerators based on normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions. Above the TES transition temperature (T (c) ), we use Johnson-noise thermometry to measure the cooling performance. In this regime, the NIS refrigerators cool the TES from 300 mK to 220 mK and from 220 mK to T (c) =160 mK. Below T (c) , we also observe cooling and demonstrate that the operation of the NIS refrigerators introduces no detectable noise into the TES readout. C1 [Miller, N. A.; Beall, J. A.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; O'Neil, G. C.; Schmidt, D. R.; Vale, L. R.; Ullom, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Miller, NA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nmiller@boulder.nist.gov RI Tomlin, Nathan/A-4927-2009 OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045 NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 635 EP 639 DI 10.1007/s10909-008-9727-4 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 277HB UT WOS:000254202200008 ER PT J AU Niemack, MD Zhao, Y Wollack, E Thornton, R Switzer, ER Swetz, DS Staggs, ST Page, L Stryzak, O Moseley, H Marriage, TA Limon, M Lau, JM Klein, J Kaul, M Jarosik, N Irwin, KD Hincks, AD Hilton, GC Halpern, M Fowler, JW Fisher, RP Dunner, R Doriese, WB Dicker, SR Devlin, MJ Chervenak, J Burger, B Battistelli, ES Appel, J Amiri, M Allen, C Aboobaker, AM AF Niemack, M. D. Zhao, Y. Wollack, E. Thornton, R. Switzer, E. R. Swetz, D. S. Staggs, S. T. Page, L. Stryzak, O. Moseley, H. Marriage, T. A. Limon, M. Lau, J. M. Klein, J. Kaul, M. Jarosik, N. Irwin, K. D. Hincks, A. D. Hilton, G. C. Halpern, M. Fowler, J. W. Fisher, R. P. Duenner, R. Doriese, W. B. Dicker, S. R. Devlin, M. J. Chervenak, J. Burger, B. Battistelli, E. S. Appel, J. Amiri, M. Allen, C. Aboobaker, A. M. TI A kilopixel array of TES bolometers for ACT: Development, testing, and first light SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE TES; bolometer; detector array; astrophysics; cosmology AB The Millimeter Bolometer Array Camera (MBAC) will be installed on the 6-meter Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) in late 2007. For the first season of observations, MBAC will comprise a 145 GHz diffraction-limited, 1024-pixel, focal plane array of Transition Edge Sensor (TES) Bolometers. This will be the largest array of pop-up-detector bolometers ever fielded as well as one of the largest arrays of TES bolometers. We discuss the design specifications for the array and pre-assembly testing procedures for the cryogenic components. We present dark measurements of the TES bolometer properties of numerous 32-pixel columns that have been assembled into the first kilopixel array for ACT, as well as optical measurements made with our 256-pixel prototype array, including first light measurements on ACT. C1 [Niemack, M. D.; Zhao, Y.; Switzer, E. R.; Staggs, S. T.; Page, L.; Stryzak, O.; Marriage, T. A.; Lau, J. M.; Jarosik, N.; Hincks, A. D.; Fowler, J. W.; Fisher, R. P.; Appel, J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Wollack, E.; Moseley, H.; Chervenak, J.; Allen, C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Thornton, R.; Swetz, D. S.; Limon, M.; Klein, J.; Kaul, M.; Dicker, S. R.; Devlin, M. J.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Halpern, M.; Burger, B.; Battistelli, E. S.; Amiri, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Irwin, K. D.; Hilton, G. C.; Doriese, W. B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Duenner, R.] Univ Catolica, Santiago, Chile. [Aboobaker, A. M.] Univ Minnesota, Sch Phys & Astron, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. RP Niemack, MD (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM mniemack@princeton.edu RI Moseley, Harvey/D-5069-2012; Klein, Jeffrey/E-3295-2013; Wollack, Edward/D-4467-2012; OI Wollack, Edward/0000-0002-7567-4451; Limon, Michele/0000-0002-5900-2698 NR 11 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 690 EP 696 DI 10.1007/s10909-008-9729-2 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 277HB UT WOS:000254202200017 ER PT J AU Mehl, J Ade, PAR Basu, K Becker, D Bender, A Bertoldi, F Cho, HM Dobbs, M Halverson, NW Holzapfel, WL Gusten, R Kennedy, J Kneissl, R Kreysa, E Lanting, TM Lee, AT Lueker, M Menten, KM Muders, D Nord, M Pacaud, F Plagge, T Richards, PL Schilke, P Schwan, D Spieler, H Weiss, A White, M AF Mehl, J. Ade, P. A. R. Basu, K. Becker, D. Bender, A. Bertoldi, F. Cho, H. M. Dobbs, M. Halverson, N. W. Holzapfel, W. L. Gusten, R. Kennedy, J. Kneissl, R. Kreysa, E. Lanting, T. M. Lee, A. T. Lueker, M. Menten, K. M. Muders, D. Nord, M. Pacaud, F. Plagge, T. Richards, P. L. Schilke, P. Schwan, D. Spieler, H. Weiss, A. White, M. TI TES bolometer array for the APEX-SZ camera SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE bolometer; transition edge sensor; SQUID; multiplexer; Sunyaev-Zel'dovich; CMB AB We will report on the APEX-SZ bolometer camera which houses a 320 element Transition-Edge Sensor (TES) bolometer array designed to survey for galaxy clusters using the 12-meter diameter APEX telescope sited in Chile. Design and fabrication of the TES bolometer array will be discussed, as well as its integration with a frequency-domain SQUID multiplexed readout system. The full configuration of the APEX-SZ camera was deployed in April 2007. A preliminary galaxy cluster map from this deployment will be presented. C1 [Mehl, J.; Holzapfel, W. L.; Lee, A. T.; Lueker, M.; Plagge, T.; Richards, P. L.; Schwan, D.; White, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Spieler, H.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA USA. [Ade, P. A. R.] Cardiff Univ, Cardiff, S Glam, Wales. [Gusten, R.; Kneissl, R.; Kreysa, E.; Menten, K. M.; Muders, D.; Schilke, P.; Weiss, A.] Max Planck Inst Radio Astron, Bonn, Germany. [Dobbs, M.; Kennedy, J.; Lanting, T. M.] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Cho, H. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Basu, K.; Bertoldi, F.; Nord, M.; Pacaud, F.] Univ Bonn, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Becker, D.; Bender, A.; Halverson, N. W.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Mehl, J (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM mehl@berkeley.edu RI Holzapfel, William/I-4836-2015; White, Martin/I-3880-2015 OI White, Martin/0000-0001-9912-5070 NR 4 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 697 EP 702 DI 10.1007/s10909-008-9738-1 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 277HB UT WOS:000254202200018 ER PT J AU Stern, RA Rausch, A Deiker, S Martinez-Galarce, D Shing, L Irwin, KD Ullom, JN O'Neil, G Hilton, G Vale, L AF Stern, R. A. Rausch, A. Deiker, S. Martinez-Galarce, D. Shing, L. Irwin, K. D. Ullom, J. N. O'Neil, G. Hilton, G. Vale, L. TI X-ray microcalorimeter research for solar physics at LMSAL and NIST: An update SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Transition Edge Sensors; microcalorimeters; X-ray detectors; X-rays; solar physics; cryogenic detectors AB LMSAL and NIST are developing position-sensitive X-ray strip detectors based on TES microcalorimeter arrays for solar physics. An important application of these devices will be the study of high temperature (> 10 MK) X-ray lines, e.g. Fe XXV, at high spectral (E/Delta E >= 1000) and temporal (sub-ms) resolution. Diagnostics from these lines will provide significant new insights into the physics of microflares and the early stages of flares. In this paper, we will describe the current status of our laboratory test program and applicability of our research to future space missions. C1 [Stern, R. A.; Rausch, A.; Deiker, S.; Martinez-Galarce, D.; Shing, L.] Solar & Astrophys Lab, Lockheed Martin Adv Technol, Dept ADBS, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Ullom, J. N.; O'Neil, G.; Hilton, G.; Vale, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Stern, RA (reprint author), Solar & Astrophys Lab, Lockheed Martin Adv Technol, Dept ADBS, 3251 Hanover St, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM stern@lmsal.com NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 721 EP 726 DI 10.1007/s10909-008-9735-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 277HB UT WOS:000254202200022 ER PT J AU Figueroa-Feliciano, E Bandler, SR Bautz, M Brown, G Deiker, S Doriese, WB Flanagan, K Galeazzi, M Hilton, GC Hwang, U Irwin, KD Kallman, T Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA Kissel, S Levine, A Loewenstein, M Martinez-Galarce, D McCammon, D Mushotzky, R Petre, R Porter, FS Reistema, CD Saab, T Serlemitsos, P Schulz, N Smith, R Ullom, JN AF Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Bandler, S. R. Bautz, M. Brown, G. Deiker, S. Doriese, W. B. Flanagan, K. Galeazzi, M. Hilton, G. C. Hwang, U. Irwin, K. D. Kallman, T. Kelley, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. Kissel, S. Levine, A. Loewenstein, M. Martinez-Galarce, D. McCammon, D. Mushotzky, R. Petre, R. Porter, F. S. Reistema, C. D. Saab, T. Serlemitsos, P. Schulz, N. Smith, R. Ullom, J. N. TI Micro-X: Mission overview and science goals SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE TES; microcalorimeter; micro-X; supernova remnants; rocket AB Micro-X, the High-Resolution Microcalorimeter X-ray Imaging Rocket, is a sounding rocket space telescope that will combine a transition-edge-sensor (TES) X-ray microcalorimeter array with a conical imaging mirror to obtain high spectral resolution images of extended and point X-ray sources. Microcalorimeters measure the energy of an absorbed photon by sensing the increase in temperature of the sensor from the thermalization of the absorbed photon's energy. The advantages and scientific promise of this technology have fueled active development for the past 20 years. We will leverage this development and take the next step by producing a flight-qualified system that will serve as a pathfinder for future missions. Our scientific program will initially focus on extended sources, for which our high-spectral-resolution observations have distinct advantages over other technologies. For our initial flight, we will observe the bright eastern knot in the Puppis A remnant, a site of complex cloud-shock interactions and ejecta enrichment. A Micro-X observation of the bright eastern knot of Puppis A will obtain a line-dominated spectrum with 90,000 counts collected in 300 seconds at 2 eV resolution across the 0.3-2.5 keV band. C1 [Figueroa-Feliciano, E.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Figueroa-Feliciano, E.; Bautz, M.; Kissel, S.; Levine, A.; Schulz, N.] MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Flanagan, K.] Space Telescope Sci Inst, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Bandler, S. R.; Hwang, U.; Kallman, T.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; Loewenstein, M.; Mushotzky, R.; Petre, R.; Porter, F. S.; Serlemitsos, P.; Smith, R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20770 USA. [Bandler, S. R.; Loewenstein, M.] Univ Maryland, Dept Astron, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Brown, G.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, High Energy Dens Phys & Astrophys Div, Livermore, CA USA. [Deiker, S.; Martinez-Galarce, D.] Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophys Lab, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Doriese, W. B.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Reistema, C. D.; Ullom, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Galeazzi, M.] Univ Miami, Dept Phys, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA. [McCammon, D.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Saab, T.] Univ Florida, Dept Phys, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. RP Figueroa-Feliciano, E (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM enectali@mit.edu RI Bandler, Simon/A-6258-2010; Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012 OI Bandler, Simon/0000-0002-5112-8106; Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 2 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 740 EP 745 DI 10.1007/s10909-008-9732-7 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 277HB UT WOS:000254202200025 ER PT J AU Ullom, JN AF Ullom, J. N. TI Materials analysis with cryogenic sensors SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE low temperature detectors; cryogenic sensors; materials analysis ID SUPERCONDUCTING TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ENERGY RESOLUTION; DETECTORS; MICROCALORIMETER; IDENTIFICATION; IONS AB Low temperature photon detectors are increasingly attractive tools for materials analysis. Their range of applications has broadened from early work on x-ray fluorescence and now spans the electromagnetic spectrum from terahertz to gamma-ray energies. In addition, low temperature detectors (LTD's) show promise for measuring the energy of neutrons, alpha particles, simple ions, and complex biomolecules. LTD's are emerging from low temperature laboratories and can now be found at a growing range of analytical facilities including electron microscopes, mass spectrometers, ion traps, and synchrotrons. Here, we review these uses of LTD's. Despite the remarkable capabilities of LTD's, they are still at the stage of demonstration measurements for some applications. We discuss obstacles to the more widespread use of LTD's and some emerging solutions to these obstacles. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ullom, JN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ullom@boulder.nist.gov NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 746 EP 753 DI 10.1007/s10909-008-9749-y PG 8 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 277HB UT WOS:000254202200026 ER PT J AU Doriese, WB Ullom, JN Beall, JA Duncan, WD Ferreira, L Hilton, GC Horansky, RD Irwin, KD Mates, JAB Reintsema, CD Schmidt, DR Vale, LR Xu, Y Zink, BL Bacrania, MK Hoover, AS Rudy, CR Rabin, MW Kilbourne, CA Boyce, KR Brown, LE King, JM Porter, FS AF Doriese, W. B. Ullom, J. N. Beall, J. A. Duncan, W. D. Ferreira, L. Hilton, G. C. Horansky, R. D. Irwin, K. D. Mates, J. A. B. Reintsema, C. D. Schmidt, D. R. Vale, L. R. Xu, Y. Zink, B. L. Bacrania, M. K. Hoover, A. S. Rudy, C. R. Rabin, M. W. Kilbourne, C. A. Boyce, K. R. Brown, L. E. King, J. M. Porter, F. S. TI Toward a 256-pixel array of gamma-ray microcalorimeters for nuclear-materials analysis SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE gamma-ray spectrometer; microcalorimeter; transition-edge sensor ID TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; EV ENERGY RESOLUTION; MULTIPLEXER; SYSTEM AB We are developing a gamma-ray spectrometer for the analysis of nuclear materials based on an array of superconducting transition-edge-sensor microcalorimeters. The instrument will include eight columns of time-division-SQUID multiplexing circuitry capable of reading out 256 sensors. Our most recent sensors are bulk (1.5 mm square x 0.25 mm thick) superconducting Sn absorbers glued to Mo/Cu bilayer thermometers. When fully populated, the active area of the spectrometer will be 5.76 cm(2), and the maximum count rate of the array will approach 20 kHz. Thus, our spectrometer will be comparable to the state-of-the-art 100 keV high-purity-Ge detector in count rate and collecting area, but with an order of magnitude better energy resolution. Half the detectors will be optimized for operation up to 100 keV, and the other half for operation up to 200 keV. A version of the spectrometer with a partially populated detector array was delivered to Los Alamos National Laboratory in June, 2007. We describe the present status of that instrument. In addition, we review results from a prototype array of 14 detectors that achieved 47 eV average energy resolution (full width at half maximum at 103 keV) and 25 eV resolution in the best detector. An important application of this technology is determining the total Pu content in spent reactor fuel without detailed knowledge of the reactor's operating history. C1 [Doriese, W. B.; Ullom, J. N.; Beall, J. A.; Duncan, W. D.; Ferreira, L.; Hilton, G. C.; Horansky, R. D.; Irwin, K. D.; Mates, J. A. B.; Reintsema, C. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Vale, L. R.; Xu, Y.; Zink, B. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Bacrania, M. K.; Hoover, A. S.; Rudy, C. R.; Rabin, M. W.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Kilbourne, C. A.; Boyce, K. R.; Brown, L. E.; King, J. M.; Porter, F. S.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Doriese, WB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM doriese@boulder.nist.gov RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X NR 12 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 754 EP 759 DI 10.1007/s10909-008-9750-5 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 277HB UT WOS:000254202200027 ER PT J AU Duncan, WD Schwall, RE Irwin, KD Beall, JA Reintsema, CD Doriese, W Cho, HM Estey, B Chattopadhyay, G Ade, P Tucker, C AF Duncan, W. D. Schwall, R. E. Irwin, K. D. Beall, J. A. Reintsema, C. D. Doriese, William Cho, Hsiao-Mei Estey, Brian Chattopadhyay, Goutam Ade, Peter Tucker, Carole TI An optical system for body imaging from a distance using near-TeraHertz frequencies SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE THz; stand-off imaging; IED; passive; TES; microwave readout; SQUID's AB We present the outline of the optical design of a TeraHertz (THz) imager for the detection of shrapnel-loaded improvised explosive devices (IED) devices at "stand-off" distances of 14-26 meters. The system will use 4 antenna-coupled TES detector arrays of 16 by 16 pixels cooled in a cryogen-free system with microwave readout to see beneath clothing at non-lethal detonation distances. A spatial resolution of similar to 10 mm and close to video frame rates is anticipated. C1 [Duncan, W. D.; Schwall, R. E.; Irwin, K. D.; Beall, J. A.; Reintsema, C. D.; Doriese, William; Cho, Hsiao-Mei; Estey, Brian] NIST, Quantum Sensors Project, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chattopadhyay, Goutam] Jet Propuls Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Ade, Peter; Tucker, Carole] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. RP Duncan, WD (reprint author), NIST, Quantum Sensors Project, Mailcode 817-03,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM wduncan@boulder.nist.gov OI Tucker, Carole/0000-0002-1851-3918 NR 8 TC 4 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 777 EP 783 DI 10.1007/s10909-008-9746-1 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 277HB UT WOS:000254202200031 ER PT J AU Akerib, DS Bailey, CN Bauer, DA Brink, PL Bunker, R Cabrera, B Caldwell, DO Cooley, J Cushman, P DeJongh, F Dragowsky, MR Duong, L Figueroa-Feliciano, E Filippini, J Golwala, SR Grant, DR Hall, J Hennings-Yeomans, R Holmgren, D Huber, ME Irwin, KD Mahapatra, R Mirabolfathi, N Nelson, H Novak, L Ogburn, RW Pyle, M Qiu, X Ramberg, E Rau, W Reisetter, A Saab, T Sadoulet, B Sander, J Schmitt, RL Schnee, RW Seitz, DN Serfass, B Sundqvist, KM Tomada, A Yellin, S Yoo, J Young, BA AF Akerib, D. S. Bailey, C. N. Bauer, D. A. Brink, P. L. Bunker, R. Cabrera, B. Caldwell, D. O. Cooley, J. Cushman, P. DeJongh, F. Dragowsky, M. R. Duong, L. Figueroa-Feliciano, E. Filippini, J. Golwala, S. R. Grant, D. R. Hall, J. Hennings-Yeomans, R. Holmgren, D. Huber, M. E. Irwin, K. D. Mahapatra, R. Mirabolfathi, N. Nelson, H. Novak, L. Ogburn, R. W. Pyle, M. Qiu, X. Ramberg, E. Rau, W. Reisetter, A. Saab, T. Sadoulet, B. Sander, J. Schmitt, R. L. Schnee, R. W. Seitz, D. N. Serfass, B. Sundqvist, K. M. Tomada, A. Yellin, S. Yoo, J. Young, B. A. TI Present status of the SuperCDMS program SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Dark Matter; cryogenic detectors AB The expected final reach of the Weakly Interacting Massive Particle (WIMP) search experiment CDMS-II by the end of 2007 is a WIMP-nucleon cross-section sensitivity of 2.1x10(-44)cm(2). To proceed further in our search, we have proposed the SuperCDMS Phase A project that would deploy 42 1-inch thick Ge detectors, at a site deeper than the location of CDMS II, and reach a desired sensitivity goal of 1.3x10(-45)cm(2). These cross-sections are of interest and are complementary to Supersymmetry searches at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and future linear colliders. C1 [Brink, P. L.; Cabrera, B.; Cooley, J.; Novak, L.; Ogburn, R. W.; Pyle, M.; Tomada, A.; Yellin, S.] Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. [Golwala, S. R.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Akerib, D. S.; Bailey, C. N.; Dragowsky, M. R.; Grant, D. R.; Hennings-Yeomans, R.; Schnee, R. W.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Bauer, D. A.; DeJongh, F.; Hall, J.; Holmgren, D.; Ramberg, E.; Schmitt, R. L.; Yoo, J.] Fermilab Natl Accelerator Lab, Batavia, IL 60510 USA. [Figueroa-Feliciano, E.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Irwin, K. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. [Rau, W.] Queens Univ, Kingston, ON, Canada. [Young, B. A.] Santa Clara Univ, Santa Clara, CA 95053 USA. [Filippini, J.; Mirabolfathi, N.; Sadoulet, B.; Seitz, D. N.; Serfass, B.; Sundqvist, K. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bunker, R.; Caldwell, D. O.; Mahapatra, R.; Nelson, H.; Sander, J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Huber, M. E.] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Huber, M. E.] Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80202 USA. [Saab, T.] Univ Florida, Gainesville, FL USA. [Cushman, P.; Duong, L.; Qiu, X.; Reisetter, A.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN USA. RP Brink, PL (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Palo Alto, CA 94304 USA. EM pbrink@stanford.edu RI Huber, Martin/B-3354-2011; Bailey, Catherine/C-6107-2009; Qiu, Xinjie/C-6164-2012; Hall, Jeter/F-6108-2013; Pyle, Matt/E-7348-2015; OI Pyle, Matt/0000-0002-3490-6754; Bunker, Raymond/0000-0003-2174-7632 NR 7 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 818 EP 823 DI 10.1007/s10909-008-9740-7 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 277HB UT WOS:000254202200037 ER PT J AU Battistelli, ES Amiri, M Burger, B Halpern, M Knotek, S Ellis, M Gao, X Kelly, D MacIntosh, M Irwin, K Reintsema, C AF Battistelli, E. S. Amiri, M. Burger, B. Halpern, M. Knotek, S. Ellis, M. Gao, X. Kelly, D. MacIntosh, M. Irwin, K. Reintsema, C. TI Functional description of read-out electronics for time-domain multiplexed bolometers for millimeter and sub-millimeter astronomy SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE read-out electronics; SQUID; time-domain multiplexing; millimeter and sub-millimeter astronomy AB We have developed multi-channel electronics (MCE) which work in concert with time-domain multiplexors developed at NIST, to control and read signals from large format bolometer arrays of superconducting transition edge sensors (TESs). These electronics were developed as part of the Submillimeter Common-User Bolometer Array-2 (SCUBA2 ) camera, but are now used in several other instruments. The main advantages of these electronics compared to earlier versions is that they are multi-channel, fully programmable, suited for remote operations and provide a clean geometry, with no electrical cabling outside of the Faraday cage formed by the cryostat and the electronics chassis. The MCE is used to determine the optimal operating points for the TES and the superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) amplifiers autonomously. During observation, the MCE execute a running PID-servo and apply to each first stage SQUID a feedback signal necessary to keep the system in a linear regime at optimal gain. The feedback and error signals from a similar to 1000-pixel array can be written to hard drive at up to 2 kHz. C1 [Battistelli, E. S.; Amiri, M.; Burger, B.; Halpern, M.; Knotek, S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Ellis, M.; Gao, X.; Kelly, D.; MacIntosh, M.] ROE, UK Astron Technol Ctr, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Irwin, K.; Reintsema, C.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. RP Battistelli, ES (reprint author), Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, 6224 Agr Rd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. EM elia@phas.ubc.ca RI gao, xiaofeng/D-4825-2014 NR 8 TC 57 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 908 EP 914 DI 10.1007/s10909-008-9772-z PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 277HB UT WOS:000254202200052 ER PT J AU Reintsema, CD Beall, J Doriese, W Duncan, W Ferreira, L Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Schmidt, D Ullom, J Vale, L Xu, Y AF Reintsema, C. D. Beall, J. Doriese, W. Duncan, W. Ferreira, L. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Schmidt, D. Ullom, J. Vale, L. Xu, Y. TI A TDMA hybrid SQUID multiplexer SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE SQUID; multiplexer; cryogenic array readout ID INTERFERENCE DEVICE MULTIPLEXER; TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; ARRAYS; PROTOTYPE AB We have developed a multiplexed read-out for transition-edge sensors (TES) based on a hybrid time- and frequency-domain basis set, similar to that used in time-division multiple-access (TDMA) mobile phones. The hybrid basis set uses bandwidth more efficiently than microwave frequency-division SQUID multiplexing, making it possible to multiplex more detectors in each output line. The high open-loop bandwidth provided by our SQUID TDMA system also makes it possible to multiplex large arrays of fast, high dynamic range detectors such as fast x-ray calorimeters. In this approach, we embed the second-stage SQUID amplifier of our standard time-division multiplexer in an impedance matching circuit coupled to a broadband cryogenic high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) in a microwave reflectometer configuration. The input signals are flux coupled into the first-stage SQUID amplifiers whose signals are time-division multiplexed into the second-stage SQUID. At room temperature, the signal from the HEMT is mixed down to dc for analysis and further signal processing. C1 [Reintsema, C. D.; Beall, J.; Doriese, W.; Duncan, W.; Ferreira, L.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Schmidt, D.; Ullom, J.; Vale, L.; Xu, Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Reintsema, CD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM reintsema@boulder.nist.gov NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 927 EP 933 DI 10.1007/s10909-008-9769-7 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 277HB UT WOS:000254202200055 ER PT J AU Porter, FS Beiersdorfer, P Brown, GV Doriese, W Gygax, J Kelley, RL Kilbourne, CA King, J Irwin, K Reintsema, C Ullom, J AF Porter, F. S. Beiersdorfer, P. Brown, G. V. Doriese, W. Gygax, J. Kelley, R. L. Kilbourne, C. A. King, J. Irwin, K. Reintsema, C. Ullom, J. TI The EBIT calorimeter spectrometer: A new, permanent user facility at the LLNL EBIT SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE X-ray; detector; cryogenic; astrophysics ID ASTRO-E2; EMISSION; XRS AB The EBIT Calorimeter Spectrometer (ECS) is currently being completed and will be installed at the EBIT facility at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in October 2007. The ECS will replace the smaller XRS/EBIT microcalorimeter spectrometer that has been in almost continuous operation since 2000. The XRS/EBIT was based on a spare laboratory cryostat and an engineering model detector system from the Suzaku/XRS observatory program. The new ECS spectrometer was built to be a low maintenance, high performance implanted silicon microcalorimeter spectrometer with 4 eV resolution at 6 keV, 32 detector channels, 10 mu s event timing, and capable of uninterrupted acquisition sessions of over 60 hours at 50 mK. The XRS/EBIT program has been very successful, producing many results on topics such as laboratory astrophysics, atomic physics, nuclear physics, and calibration of the spectrometers for the National Ignition Facility. The ECS spectrometer will continue this work into the future with improved spectral resolution, integration times, and ease-of-use. We designed the ECS instrument with TES detectors in mind by using the same highly successful magnetic shielding as our laboratory TES cryostats. This design will lead to a future TES instrument at the LLNL EBIT. Here we discuss the legacy of the XRS/EBIT program, the performance of the new ECS spectrometer, and plans for a future TES instrument. C1 [Porter, F. S.; Gygax, J.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, C. A.; King, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Beiersdorfer, P.; Brown, G. V.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Doriese, W.; Irwin, K.; Reintsema, C.; Ullom, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Porter, FS (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM porter@milkyway.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Porter, Frederick/D-3501-2012; Kelley, Richard/K-4474-2012; XRAY, SUZAKU/A-1808-2009 OI Porter, Frederick/0000-0002-6374-1119; NR 9 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 1061 EP 1066 DI 10.1007/s10909-008-9788-4 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 277HB UT WOS:000254202200076 ER PT J AU Horansky, RD Ullom, JN Beall, JA Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Vale, L Dry, D Lamont, SP Rudy, CR Rabin, MW AF Horansky, R. D. Ullom, J. N. Beall, J. A. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Vale, L. Dry, D. Lamont, S. P. Rudy, C. R. Rabin, M. W. TI Analysis of nuclear material by alpha spectroscopy with a transition-edge microcalorimeter SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE microcalorimeter; alpha spectroscopy; transition edge sensor; nuclear forensics ID ENERGY RESOLUTION; DETECTORS; SPECTROMETRY; PARTICLES; SAMPLES AB We present measurements from a cryogenic microcalorimeter designed to detect alpha particles. The enhanced resolution of microcalorimeter alpha detectors will provide new capabilities for actinide analysis. We demonstrate a spectral resolution of 2.4 keV full width at half maximum (FWHM) for 5.3 MeV alpha particles from a Po-210 source. In addition, we present an alpha spectrum from Po-210 showing the first direct measurement of decay into the Pb-205 ground state. Finally, measurements of 100 keV gamma-rays from a Gd source show an ultimate alpha particle resolution of 159 eV to be achievable which may provide an avenue for investigating ion energy loss mechanisms in bulk materials. C1 [Horansky, R. D.; Ullom, J. N.; Beall, J. A.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Vale, L.; Dry, D.; Lamont, S. P.; Rudy, C. R.; Rabin, M. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Horansky, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM horansky@nist.gov NR 14 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 EI 1573-7357 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 151 IS 3-4 BP 1067 EP 1073 DI 10.1007/s10909-008-9789-3 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 277HB UT WOS:000254202200077 ER PT J AU Qin, M Belarbi, R Ait-Mokhtar, A Nilsson, LO AF Qin, Menghao Belarbi, Rafik Ait-Mokhtar, Abdelkarim Nilsson, Lars-Olof TI Simultaneous heat and moisture transport in porous building materials: evaluation of nonisothermal moisture transport properties SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article AB The paper presents a mathematical model for calculating the nonisothermal moisture transfer in porous building materials. The simultaneous heat and moisture transfer problem was modeled. Vapor content and temperature were chosen as principal driving potentials. The coupled equations were solved by a numerical method. An experimental methodology for determining the temperature gradient coefficient for building materials was also proposed. Both the moisture diffusion coefficient and the temperature gradient coefficient for building material were experimentally evaluated. Using the measured moisture transport coefficients, the temperature and vapor content distribution inside building materials were predicted by the new model. The results were compared with experimental data. A good agreement was obtained. C1 [Qin, Menghao] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Belarbi, Rafik; Ait-Mokhtar, Abdelkarim] La Rochelle Univ, LEPTAB, La Rochelle, France. [Nilsson, Lars-Olof] Lund Univ, Div Bldg Mat, Lund, Sweden. RP Qin, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mail Stop 8633,100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mqin@nist.gov RI Qin, Menghao/B-4634-2017; OI Qin, Menghao/0000-0002-9020-6218; BELARBI, Rafik/0000-0003-4662-2094 NR 18 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2461 J9 J MATER SCI JI J. Mater. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 43 IS 10 BP 3655 EP 3663 DI 10.1007/s10853-008-2584-3 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 288CQ UT WOS:000254964200044 ER PT J AU Lisak, D Hodges, JT AF Lisak, Daniel Hodges, Joseph T. TI Low-uncertainty H2O line intensities for the 930-nm region SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE water vapor; line intensity; ring-down spectroscopy ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; WATER-VAPOR SPECTRUM; CM(-1) REGION; MU-M; PARAMETERS; LINESHAPE; DATABASE; DOPPLER; SHAPE; ABSORPTION AB We measured room-temperature H2O spectra of the 3v polyad within the wave number range 10603 cm(-1) to 10852 cm(-1) using frequency- stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy. More than 70 transitions, divisible into two groups based on their relative intensities (strong and weak) were investigated. For the 23 lines comprising the set of strong transitions, the water vapor sample was prepared as a dilute mixture in a steady flow of N-2 carrier gas, and the measurement of the water vapor sample number density was linked to primary methods of humidity generation. For these strong transitions, the measured line intensities were within 1% of previous measurements. The line intensity measurements of the weaker H2O transitions, were made on samples of static pure water vapor, and these results were systematically greater than previous measurements by approximately 20%. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Lisak, Daniel; Hodges, Joseph T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lisak, Daniel] Univ Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009; Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014 NR 34 TC 18 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 249 IS 1 BP 6 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2007.12.007 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 294MK UT WOS:000255409900002 ER PT J AU Liu, PG MacHutchon, KR AF Liu, Paul G. MacHutchon, Keith R. TI Are there different kinds of rogue waves? SO JOURNAL OF OFFSHORE MECHANICS AND ARCTIC ENGINEERING-TRANSACTIONS OF THE ASME LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 25th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering (OMAE 2006) CY JUN 04-09, 2006 CL Hamburg, GERMANY SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore & Arct Engn Div, ASME, Int Petr Technol Inst ID FREAK WAVES AB There is clearly no immediate answer to the question posted by the title of this paper Inasmuch as that there are not much definitively known about rogue waves and that there is still no universally accepted definition for rogue waves in the ocean, we think there might just be even more than one kind of rogue waves to contend with. While the conventional approach has generally designated waves with H-max/H-s greater than 2.2 as possible rogue waves, based on Rayleigh distribution considerations, there is conspicuously no provision as to how high the ratio of H-max/H-s can be and thus not known how high can a rogue wave be. In our analysis of wave measurements made from a gas-drilling platform in South Indian Ocean, offshore from Mossel Bay, South Africa, we found a number of cases that indicated H-max/H-s could be valued in the range between 4 and 10. If this were to be the case, then these records could be considered to be "uncommon" rogue waves, whereas a record of H-max/H-s in the range between 2 and 4 could be considered to comprise "typical" rogue waves. On the other hand, the spikes in the H-max/H-s data could have been caused by equipment malfunction or some other phenomenon. Clearly, the question of whether or not there are different kinds of rogue waves cannot be readily answered by theoretical considerations alone and there is a crucial need for long-term wave time-series measurements for studying rogue waves. C1 [Liu, Paul G.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [MacHutchon, Keith R.] Liebenberg & Stander Int Pty Ltd, ZA-8000 Cape Town, South Africa. RP Liu, PG (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. NR 14 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU ASME PI NEW YORK PA TWO PARK AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA SN 0892-7219 J9 J OFFSHORE MECH ARCT JI J. Offshore Mech. Arct. Eng. Trans. ASME PD MAY PY 2008 VL 130 IS 2 AR 021007 DI 10.1115/1.2917431 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 325JX UT WOS:000257586300008 ER PT J AU Cappa, CD Lovejoy, ER Ravishankara, AR AF Cappa, Christopher D. Lovejoy, Edward R. Ravishankara, A. R. TI Evaporation rates and vapor pressures of the even-nunibered C-8-C-18 monocarboxylic acids SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SECONDARY ORGANIC AEROSOL; DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; ALPHA-PINENE; BETA-PINENE; VAPORIZATION; SUBLIMATION; PREDICTION; MOLECULES; HEATS AB Temperature-dependent vapor pressures of the even-numbered alkanoic monoacids from C-8-C-18 were measured using temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). In TPD, the evaporation rates from the samples are directly measured and the vapor pressures are subsequently determined from the Hertz-Knudsen equation. Our measurements indicate that the vapor pressures of the solid even-numbered alkanoic acids decrease monotonically with increasing carbon number by more than 6 orders of magnitude going from C-8 to C-18. The enthalpies of sublimation increase monotonically with carbon number, from similar to 110 to 205 M/mol. The liquid-phase vapor pressure was measured for oleic acid, a C-18 alkenoic acid. Comparison to the estimated liquidphase vapor pressure for the corresponding C-18 alkanoic acid indicates that the liquid-phase vapor pressures of these two compounds are identical. Our measured solid-phase vapor pressures for the C-14 and larger alkanoic acids are lower than in previous studies. We attribute these differences to the influence of residual solvent molecules on the previous measurements, Which cause the measured vapor pressures to be too large. C1 [Cappa, Christopher D.; Lovejoy, Edward R.; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cappa, Christopher D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ravishankara, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cappa, CD (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM cdcappa@ucdavis.edu RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 26 TC 35 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 17 BP 3959 EP 3964 DI 10.1021/jp710586m PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 292US UT WOS:000255292200023 PM 18348549 ER PT J AU Shinoda, T Roundy, PE Kiladis, GN AF Shinoda, Toshiaki Roundy, Paul E. Kiladis, George N. TI Variability of intraseasonal Kelvin waves in the equatorial Pacific Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; TROPICAL WESTERN PACIFIC; INDIAN OCEANS; EL-NINO; SURFACE FLUXES; MODEL; TEMPERATURE; DYNAMICS; IMPACT; CYCLE AB Previous observational work has demonstrated that the phase speed of oceanic equatorial Kelvin waves forced by the Madden - Julian oscillation (MJO) appears to vary substantially. Processes that are responsible for systematic changes in the phase speed of these waves are examined using an ocean general circulation model. The model was integrated for 26 yr with daily wind stress derived from the NCEP - NCAR reanalysis. The model is able to reproduce observed systematic changes of Kelvin wave phase speed reasonably well, providing a tool for the analysis of their dynamics. The relative importance of the upper ocean background state and atmospheric forcing for phase speed changes is determined based on a series of model experiments with various surface forcings. Systematic changes in phase speed are evident in all model experiments that have different slowly varying basic states, showing that variations of the upper ocean background state are not the primary cause of the changes. The model experiments that include and exclude intraseasonal components of wind stress in the eastern Pacific demonstrate that wind stress changes to the east of the date line can significantly alter the speed of Kelvin waves initially generated over the western Pacific, which often results in a phase propagation faster than the free wave speed. These faster waves contribute to the systematic changes of phase speed evident in observations. Similar results are also obtained using a linear stratified model, eliminating nonlinearity as a possible cause of the phase speed changes. C1 [Shinoda, Toshiaki; Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Shinoda, Toshiaki; Kiladis, George N.] CIRES, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Roundy, Paul E.] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Shinoda, T (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM toshiaki.shinoda@nrlssc.navy.mil RI Shinoda, Toshiaki/J-3745-2016 OI Shinoda, Toshiaki/0000-0003-1416-2206 NR 56 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 921 EP 944 DI 10.1175/2007JPO3815.1 PG 24 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 302FR UT WOS:000255954700001 ER PT J AU Jackson, L Hallberg, R Legg, S AF Jackson, L. Hallberg, R. Legg, S. TI A parameterization of shear-driven turbulence for ocean climate models SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRAL ELEMENT MODEL; MIXED-LAYER MODEL; LENGTH SCALES; GEOPHYSICAL FLOWS; STRATIFIED FLUID; CLOSURE-MODEL; Z-COORDINATE; SEA OUTFLOW; ENTRAINMENT; STABILITY AB This paper presents a new parameterization for shear-driven, stratified, turbulent mixing that is pertinent to climate models, in particular the shear-driven mixing in overflows and the Equatorial Undercurrent. This parameterization satisfies a critical requirement for climate applications by being simple enough to be implemented implicitly and thereby allowing the parameterization to be used with time steps that are long compared to both the time scale on which the turbulence evolves and the time scale with which it alters the large-scale ocean state. The mixing is expressed in terms of a turbulent diffusivity that is dependent on the shear forcing and a length scale that is the minimum of the width of the low Richardson number region (Ri = N(2)/vertical bar u(z)vertical bar(2), where N is the buoyancy frequency and vertical bar u(z)vertical bar is the vertical shear) and the buoyancy length scale over which the turbulence decays [L(b) = Q(1/2)/N, where Q is the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE)]. This also allows a decay of turbulence vertically away from the low Richardson number region over the buoyancy scale, a process that the results show is important for mixing across a jet. The diffusivity is determined by solving a vertically nonlocal steady-state TKE equation and a vertically elliptic equilibrium equation for the diffusivity itself. High-resolution nonhydrostatic simulations of shear-driven stratified mixing are conducted in both a shear layer and a jet. The results of these simulations support the theory presented and are used, together with discussions of various limits and reviews of previous work, to constrain parameters. C1 [Jackson, L.; Legg, S.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Hallberg, R.] GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Jackson, L (reprint author), GFDL, Forestal Campus,Route 1, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM laura.jackson@noaa.gov RI Legg, Sonya/E-5995-2010; Jackson, Laura/J-6159-2013 NR 43 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 38 IS 5 BP 1033 EP 1053 DI 10.1175/2007JPO3779.1 PG 21 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 302FR UT WOS:000255954700007 ER PT J AU Kane, J Prezioso, J AF Kane, Joseph Prezioso, Jerome TI Distribution and multi-annual abundance trends of the copepod Temora longicornis in the US Northeast shelf ecosystem SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID LONG-ISLAND SOUND; MACKEREL SCOMBER-SCOMBRUS; CENTRAL BALTIC SEA; CALANOID COPEPODS; GULF-STREAM; EGG-PRODUCTION; ZOOPLANKTON COMMUNITY; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR AB The average spatial distribution and annual abundance cycle are described for the copepod Temora longicornis from samples collected on broadscale surveys (1977-2006) and along continuous plankton recorder transects (1961-2006) of the US Northeast continental shelf ecosystem. After its annual low in winter, T. longicornis abundance begins to increase in coastal waters with the northern progression of spring conditions. Annual maximum shelf concentrations were found in the more southern inshore waters of the region during the summer months. Abundance throughout most of the ecosystem increased sharply in the early 1990s and remained high through 2001. During this period, the copepod became more numerous and widespread in offshore shelf waters. Abundance declined to approximately average levels in 2002 for the remainder of the time series, but its extended offshore range remained intact. Correlation analysis found that the copepods interannual abundance variability had a significant negative relationship with surface salinity anomalies throughout the ecosystem, with higher correlations found in the northernmost subareas. Temora longicornis abundance in the ecosystem's southernmost subarea (Middle Atlantic Bight) did not increase in the 1990s and was found to be negatively correlated to surface temperature, indicating that continued global warming could adversely impact the copepods annual abundance cycle in this region. C1 [Kane, Joseph; Prezioso, Jerome] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Kane, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM joe.kane@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 30 IS 5 BP 619 EP 632 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbn026 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 305JF UT WOS:000256173700011 ER PT J AU Smith, BL Bruno, TJ AF Smith, Beverly L. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Application of a composition-explicit distillation curve metrology to mixtures of Jet-A and S-8 SO JOURNAL OF PROPULSION AND POWER LA English DT Article ID IMPROVEMENTS; FUELS C1 [Smith, Beverly L.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov NR 18 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER INST AERONAUT ASTRONAUT PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DRIVE, STE 500, RESTON, VA 22091-4344 USA SN 0748-4658 J9 J PROPUL POWER JI J. Propul. Power PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 24 IS 3 BP 618 EP 623 DI 10.2514/1.28864 PG 6 WC Engineering, Aerospace SC Engineering GA 300HN UT WOS:000255815000030 ER PT J AU Zhao, TXP Yu, HB Laszlo, I Chin, M Conant, WC AF Zhao, Tom X. -P. Yu, Hongbin Laszlo, Istvan Chin, Mian Conant, William C. TI Derivation of component aerosol direct radiative forcing at the top of atmosphere for clear-sky oceans SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE aerosol direct radiative forcing; aerosol optical thickness ID ENERGY SYSTEM INSTRUMENT; TROPICAL INDIAN-OCEAN; GLOBAL-MODEL GOCART; ACE-ASIA; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; SULFATE AEROSOLS; SATELLITE; CERES; CLOUDS; MODIS AB A two-step approach is proposed to derive component aerosol direct radiative forcing (ADRF) at the top of atmosphere (TOA) over global oceans from 60 degrees S to 60 degrees N for clear-sky condition by combining Terra CERES/MODIS-SSF shortwave (SW) flux and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) observations with the fractions of component AOTs from the GSFC/GOCART model. The derived global annual mean component ADRF is +0.08 +/- 0.17 W/m(2) for black carbon, -0.52 +/- 0.24 W/m(2) for organic carbon, -1.10 +/- 0.42 W/m(2) for sulfate, -0.99 +/- 0.37 W/m(2) for dust, -2.44 +/- 0.84 W/m(2) for sea salt, and -4.98 +/- 1.67 W/m(2) for total aerosols. The total ADRF has also been partitioned into anthropogenic and natural components with a value of -1.25 +/- 0.43 and -3.73 +/- 1.27 W/m(2), respectively. The major sources of error in the estimates have also been discussed. The analysis adds an alternative technique to narrow the large difference between current model-based and observation-based global estimates of component ADRF by combining the satellite measurement with the model simulation. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Tom X. -P.; Laszlo, Istvan] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, E RA1,RM7121,WWBG,Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zhao, Tom X. -P.] UMCP, Coorporate Inst Climate Study, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yu, Hongbin; Chin, Mian] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Yu, Hongbin] UMBC, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Conant, William C.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Zhao, TXP (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, E RA1,RM7121,WWBG,Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Xuepeng.Zhao@noaa.gov RI Yu, Hongbin/C-6485-2008; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Chin, Mian/J-8354-2012 OI Yu, Hongbin/0000-0003-4706-1575; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; NR 68 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 EI 1879-1352 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 109 IS 7 BP 1162 EP 1186 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.10.006 PG 25 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 297FY UT WOS:000255603700002 ER PT J AU Currie, LA AF Currie, L. A. TI On the detection of rare, and moderately rare, nuclear events SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID LOW-LEVEL; QUANTIFICATION CAPABILITIES; CONFIDENCE-INTERVALS; POISSON-DISTRIBUTION; COUNTING SYSTEM; LIMITS AB Some of the more important developments in science and practical demands in commerce have been linked to attempts to detect rare events and rare contaminants, ranging from the early "counting" of solar neutrinos to the occurrence of dodder seeds in clover. For moderately rare events (approximate to 5 to 50 counts) we consider limitations of the Poisson-normal approximation, together with the apparent problem of excessive false positives when a common expression is (mis-)used for detection decisions. For very rare events, rigorous approaches published more than half a century ago are applicable to such current problems as trace actinide contamination and nuclear treaty monitoring. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Currie, LA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lloyd.currie@nist.gov NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 276 IS 2 BP 285 EP 297 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0501-5 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 296ZT UT WOS:000255585300001 ER PT J AU Kurosaki, H Radford, R Filliben, J Inn, KGW AF Kurosaki, H. Radford, R. Filliben, J. Inn, K. G. W. TI An orthogonal design of experiment/exploratory data analysis for plutonium contamination SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB This paper describes a statistical-experimental design approach for identifying sources of Pu contamination in the radioactivity material analysis of dried shellfish at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Identification and elimination of sources of contamination were required for certifications of the radioactivity concentration of actinides in the proposed reference material. Sources of contamination included the fume hood, glassware, and reagents. The experimental design employed reduced number of required experiments by a factor of 100. The result is an orthogonal design of experiment (ODEX) and subsequent data was analyzed using Exploratory Date Analysis (EDA), which narrowed the 200+ experiments to a manageable 16. This design made it possible to identify the sources and interactions of sources of contamination in a timely and cost effective manner. C1 [Kurosaki, H.; Inn, K. G. W.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Filliben, J.] NIST, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Radford, R.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Kurosaki, H (reprint author), NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, 100 Bur Dr,MS8462, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hiromu.kurosaki@nist.gov NR 6 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 276 IS 2 BP 323 EP 328 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0506-0 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 296ZT UT WOS:000255585300006 ER PT J AU Outola, I Filliben, J Inn, KGW AF Outola, I. Filliben, J. Inn, K. G. W. TI Searching a robust reference value from intercomparison exercise data: Seaweed radionuclide Standard Reference Material (SRM4359) SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) seaweed Standard Reference Material (SRM4359) was developed through an intercomparison of 24 experienced laboratories. Several statistical techniques were evaluated for establishing reference values using the laboratories' reported values including mean, midmean, median, Type B On Bias (BOB), Graybill-Deal, Mandel-Paule, Vangel-Rukhin, Cox and Maximum Likelihood. After reviewing the results from all these techniques, the median was chosen as a suitably robust way to calculate reference values. The uncertainties for the median values were estimated using bootstrap analysis. C1 [Outola, I.; Filliben, J.; Inn, K. G. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Outola, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM iisa.outola@nist.gov NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 276 IS 2 BP 329 EP 334 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0507-z PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 296ZT UT WOS:000255585300007 ER PT J AU Inn, KGW Filliben, JJ Dahlgran, J AF Inn, K. G. W. Filliben, J. J. Dahlgran, J. TI Draft radioanalytical water and soil performance testing: Uncertainty acceptance criteria derived from historical mixed-analyte performance evaluation program results SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB Radioanalytical performance testing programs provide radioassay laboratories, regulators and the public performance-based evidence that measurement capabilities are in control. Performance acceptance criteria that combine aspects of measurements difference from a known value and the associated combined uncertainty establishes a quantitative statement of statistical confidence. However, there is need for a reasonable upper limit of the reported measurement uncertainty. Evaluation of thousands of historical U.S. DOE Mixed-Analyte Performance Evaluation Program measurement results for 17 radionuclides in soil and water samples provides predictive expectations for future measurement results and a statistical basis for establishing reasonable upper limits for reported measurement uncertainties for performance evaluation programs. C1 [Inn, K. G. W.; Filliben, J. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dahlgran, J.] Radiol Environm & Sci Lab, Idaho Falls, ID USA. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.inn@nist.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 276 IS 2 BP 375 EP 383 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0515-z PG 9 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 296ZT UT WOS:000255585300015 ER PT J AU Inn, KGW Hall, E Woodward, JT Stewart, B Pollanen, R Selvig, L Turner, S Outola, I Nour, S Kurosaki, H LaRosa, J Schultz, M Lin, Z Yu, Z McMahon, C AF Inn, K. G. W. Hall, E. Woodward, J. T. Stewart, B. Pollanen, R. Selvig, L. Turner, S. Outola, I. Nour, S. Kurosaki, H. LaRosa, J. Schultz, M. Lin, Z. Yu, Z. McMahon, C. TI Use of thin collodion films to prevent recoil-ion contamination of alpha-spectrometry detectors SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID SIMULATION AB Recoil ions from alpha-particle emission can contaminate surface-barrier detection systems. This contamination results in increased measurement uncertainty, and may require the replacement of expensive detectors. Disposable thin Collodion films are easily prepared and effectively retard the recoil ions when either directly applied to the surface of alpha-sources or as catcher foils between the source and the detector. The thin films are particularly effective for relatively low-level sources, but can sustain structural damage when exposed to high levels of recoil ions (tens of thousands per second) over extended periods of time. C1 [Inn, K. G. W.; Woodward, J. T.; Turner, S.; Outola, I.; Nour, S.; Kurosaki, H.; LaRosa, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hall, E.] Univ Rochester, Rochester, NY USA. [Stewart, B.] Carlsbad Environm Res & Monitoring Ctr, Carlsbad, NM USA. [Pollanen, R.] Radiat & Nucl Safety Author STUK, Helsinki, Finland. [Selvig, L.] Centennial High Sch, Boise, ID USA. [Schultz, M.] Univ Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA. [Lin, Z.; Yu, Z.] US FDA, WEAC, Winchester, Hants, England. [McMahon, C.] Radiol Protect Inst Ireland, Dublin, Ireland. RP Inn, KGW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kenneth.inn@nist.gov NR 5 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 276 IS 2 BP 385 EP 390 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0516-y PG 6 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 296ZT UT WOS:000255585300016 ER PT J AU Sims, JS George, WL Griffin, TJ Hagedorn, JC Hung, HK Kelso, JT Olano, M Peskin, AP Satterfield, SG Terrill, JD Bryant, GW Diaz, JG AF Sims, James S. George, William L. Griffin, Terence J. Hagedorn, John C. Hung, Howard K. Kelso, John T. Olano, Marc Peskin, Adele P. Satterfield, Steven G. Terrill, Judith Devaney Bryant, Garnett W. Diaz, Jose G. TI Accelerating scientific discovery through computation and visualization - III. Tight-binding wave functions for quantum dots SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE high-performance; computing; MPI; nanotechnology; parallel computing; quantum dots; RAVE; tight-binding; virtual measurements; visualization AB This is the third in a series of articles that describe, through examples, how the Scientific Applications and Visualization Group (SAVG) at NIST has utilized high performance parallel computing, visualization, and machine learning to accelerate scientific discovery. In this article we focus on the use of high performance computing and visualization for simulations of nanotechnology. C1 [Sims, James S.; George, William L.; Griffin, Terence J.; Hagedorn, John C.; Hung, Howard K.; Kelso, John T.; Olano, Marc; Satterfield, Steven G.; Terrill, Judith Devaney] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div ITL, Sci Applicat & Visualizat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.; Diaz, Jose G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div PL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Olano, Marc] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Comp Sci & Elect Engn, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Sims, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div ITL, Sci Applicat & Visualizat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.sims@nist.gov; william.george@nist.gov; terence.griffin@nist.gov; john.hagedorn@nist.gov; hhung@verizon.net; john.kelso@nist.gov; marc.olano@nist.gov; adele.peskin@nist.gov; steven.satterfield@nist.gov; judith.terrill@nist.gov; garnett.bryant@nist.gov; gabriel_fyd@hotmail.com FU Linux; SGI FX We would like to thank Heidi Thornquist of Rice University for help extracting eigenvectors from PARPACK, Steve Plimpton for the irregular grid code, William Mitchell, for his expertise with ARPACK and Fortran 90, Julien C. Franiatte for writing the first version of the parallel code used in this work, Robert Bohn for help with figures, Denis Lehane, Carl Spangler and Michael Strawbridge for Linux cluster support, Chris Schanzle for Linux support, and Donald Koss for SGI support. One of us (JSS) would like to thank Kraemer Sims Becker for introducing him to quantum dots. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 113 IS 3 BP 131 EP 142 DI 10.6028/jres.113.010 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 339JL UT WOS:000258573800001 PM 27096116 ER PT J AU Phillips, SD Toman, B Estler, WT AF Phillips, S. D. Toman, B. Estler, W. T. TI Uncertainty due to finite resolution measurements SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE digitization; ISO 14253-2; measurement; resolution; Sheppard's correction; standard deviation; uncertainty AB We investigate the influence of finite resolution Oil measurement uncertainty from the perspective of the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). Finite resolution in a measurement that is perturbed by Gaussian noise yields a distribution of results that strongly depends on the location of the true value relative to the resolution increment. We show that there is no simple expression relating the standard deviation of the distribution of measurement results to the associated uncertainty at a specified level of confidence. There is, however, an analytic relation between the mean value and the standard deviation of the measurement distribution. We further investigate the conflict between the GUM and ISO 14253-2 regarding the method of evaluating the standard uncertainty due to finite resolution and show that, on average. the GUM method is Superior, but still approximate. C1 [Phillips, S. D.; Estler, W. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Precis Engn Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toman, B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phillips, SD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Precis Engn Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.phillips@nist.gov; blaza.toman@nist.gov; tyler.estler@nist.gov NR 5 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 113 IS 3 BP 143 EP 156 DI 10.6028/jres.113.011 PG 14 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 339JL UT WOS:000258573800002 PM 27096117 ER PT J AU Satterfield, MB Lippa, K Lu, ZQ Salit, ML AF Satterfield, Mary B. Lippa, Katrice Lu, Z. Q. Salit, Marc L. TI Microarray scanner performance over a five-week period as measured with Cy5 and Cy3 serial dilution slides SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyanine dyes; instrument qualification; microarray; microarray scanner; validation ID CALIBRATION AB To investigate scanner performance and guide development of an instrument qualification method, slides with replicates of successive dilutions of cyanine 5 (Cy5) and cyanine 3 (Cy3) dyes (referred to as dye slides) were scanned. The successive dilutions form a dose-response curve from which performance can be assessed. The effects of a variety of factors, including the number of scans and slide storage conditions, on scanner performance over a five-week period were investigated and tracked with time series charts of dye signal intensity, signal-to-noise (S/N), signal background, slope, and limit of detection (LOD), Scanner drift was tracked with a known stable reference material, Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2242. The greatest effect on the figures of merit was the dye, with the Cy5 dye showing signs of degradation after one week of scanning independent of all other factors while the Cy3 dye remained relatively stable, Use of the charts to track scanner performance over time holds promise for development of a method for in microarray scanner performance qualification. Although not a prescription for performance qualification. this introductory study provides sufficient information regarding the Use of dye slides to enable the user to institute a preliminary test method. RP Satterfield, MB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.satterfield@nist.gov; katrice.lippa@nist.gov; john.lu@nist.gov; marc.salit@nist.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 113 IS 3 BP 157 EP 174 DI 10.6028/jres.113.012 PG 18 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 339JL UT WOS:000258573800003 PM 27096118 ER PT J AU Doiron, T AF Doiron, Ted TI Gauge blocks - A Zombie technology SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE end standard; gage blocks; process control; stability; technical obsolescence; thermal expansion AB Gauge blocks have been the primary method for disseminating length traceability for over 100 years. Their longevity was based on two things: the relatively low cost of delivering very high accuracy to users, and the technical limitation that the range of high precision gauging systems was very small. While the first reason is still true, the second factor is being displaced by changes in measurement technology since the 1980s. New long range sensors do not require master gauges that are nearly the same length as the part being inspected, and thus one of the primary attributes of gauge blocks, wringing stacks to match the part, is 110 longer needed. Relaxing the requirement that gauges wring presents an opportunity to develop new types of end standards that would increase the accuracy and usefulness of gauging systems. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Metrol Grp, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Doiron, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Engn Metrol Grp, Div Precis Engn, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM theodore.doiron@nist.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 113 IS 3 BP 175 EP 184 DI 10.6028/jres.113.013 PG 10 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 339JL UT WOS:000258573800004 PM 27096119 ER PT J AU Mcghee, TJ Morris, JA Noble, RT Fowler, PK AF Mcghee, Tanya J. Morris, James A., Jr. Noble, Rachel T. Fowler, Patricia K. TI Comparative microbial dynamics in Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin 1791) and Crassostrea ariakensis (Fujita 1913) SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Crassostrea virginica; Crassostrea ariakensis; Escherichia coli; Vibrio sp.; Asian (Suminoe) oyster; shellfish sanitation ID VIBRIO-VULNIFICUS; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; SHELLFISH; OYSTERS; SALINITY; SURVIVAL; SEAWATER; WATERS; GIGAS; AGAR AB The proposed introduction of Crassostrea ariakensis along the mid-Atlantic Coast of the United States has sparked controversy regarding ecological, economic, and human health consequences. Previous research has focused primarily on the ecological and socioeconomic implications of this initiative, yet few studies have assessed the potential impacts on public health. This study compares rates of bioaccumulation, depuration, and post-harvest decay of Escherichia coli and Vibrio sp. between Crassostrea virginica and C. ariakensis. Our results suggest that (1) bioaccumulation rates of E. coli in C. ariakensis were significantly lower than those for C. virginica, (2) depuration of E. coli was variable between the two species, and (3) C. ariakensis post-harvest decay rates of E. coli were significantly lower than in C. virginica. This research provides a first comparison between C. ariakensis and C. virginica with regards to bacterial dynamics, an important consideration when determining appropriate shellfish management strategies. C1 [Mcghee, Tanya J.; Noble, Rachel T.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Morris, James A., Jr.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Fowler, Patricia K.] N Carolina Dept Environm & Nat Resources, Div Environm Hlth Shellfish Sanitat, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Fowler, Patricia K.] Recreat Water Qual Sect, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. RP Noble, RT (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM rtnoble@email.unc.edu NR 22 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 559 EP 565 DI 10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[559:CMDICV]2.0.CO;2 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 304NW UT WOS:000256117200011 ER PT J AU Gabbai, RD Fritz, WP Wright, AP Simiu, E AF Gabbai, R. D. Fritz, W. P. Wright, A. P. Simiu, E. TI Assessment of ASCE 7 standard wind load factors for tall building response estimates SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article AB Wind load factors incorporated in the ASCE 7-05 standard are based on rough approximations of wind effects and the uncertainties inherent in them. These factors are routinely applied to tall building design, even though the original calculations on which they are based disregard two important facts characterizing tall building response to wind. First, wind effects on flexible structures are proportional to the wind speeds raised to powers larger than two, instead of the power two, as is the case for rigid buildings. Second, dynamic response parameters, that is, the natural frequencies of vibration and the damping ratios affecting the response, exhibit significant uncertainties. It is shown that, for these reasons, the use of ASCE 7-05 wind load factors for the design of tall flexible buildings results in safety levels that can be significantly lower than safety levels typical of common, rigid structures. C1 [Gabbai, R. D.; Fritz, W. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wright, A. P.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Gabbai, RD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rdgabbai@gmail.com NR 6 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD MAY PY 2008 VL 134 IS 5 BP 842 EP 845 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:5(842) PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 294XV UT WOS:000255440500016 ER PT J AU Voronovich, AG AF Voronovich, A. G. TI On the conservation of momentum for a sound pulse reflecting from a pressure-release boundary (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB When a "massless" one-dimensional sound pulse (mass of a sound pulse is defined as an integral of the perturbation of density over the pulse length) reflects from a pressure-release boundary, its momentum changes sign. This obviously violates momentum conservation. However, in contrast to the case of an unbounded medium, calculation of the momentum in a bounded region includes a second-order term as well. Apparently, the second-order correction to the linear solution ensures momentum conservation in this case. The purpose of this Letter is to find a concrete form of this second-order correction. It appears that, as a result of the nonlinear interaction of the pulse with a pressure-release boundary, the latter experiences second-order net shift. This leads to the generation of a massive second-order rarefaction pulse whose momentum is directed opposite to the direction of propagation of the pulse itself. Appearance of this pulse ensures total momentum conservation. (c) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Voronovich, AG (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM alexander.voronovich@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 123 IS 5 BP 2480 EP 2483 DI 10.1121/1.2890744 PN 1 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 301FE UT WOS:000255881000004 PM 18529165 ER PT J AU Lu, C Boyd, JP AF Lu, Chungu Boyd, John P. TI Rossby wave ray tracing in a barotropic divergent atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; TROPICAL CONVECTION; PLANETARY-WAVES; DAY OSCILLATION; CRITICAL LAYER; PROPAGATION; PACIFIC; CIRCULATION; PACKETS; SHEAR AB The effects of divergence on low-frequency Rossby wave propagation are examined by using the twodimensional Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (WKB) method and ray tracing in the framework of a linear barotropic dynamic system. The WKB analysis shows that the divergent wind decreases Rossby wave frequency (for wave propagation northward in the Northern Hemisphere). Ray tracing shows that the divergent wind increases the zonal group velocity and thus accelerates the zonal propagation of Rossby waves. It also appears that divergence tends to feed energy into relatively high wavenumber waves, so that these waves can propagate farther downstream. The present theory also provides an estimate of a phase angle between the vorticity and divergence centers. In a fully developed Rossby wave, vorticity and divergence display a pi/2 phase difference, which is consistent with the observed upper-level structure of a mature extratropical cyclone. It is shown that these theoretical results compare well with observations. C1 [Lu, Chungu] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Boyd, John P.] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Lu, C (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM chungu.lu@noaa.gov RI Boyd, John/I-9128-2012 OI Boyd, John/0000-0003-3737-9715 NR 37 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 65 IS 5 BP 1679 EP 1691 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2537.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 298IL UT WOS:000255681300012 ER PT J AU Lopez-Mendilaharsui, M Gardneri, SC Riosmena-Rodriguez, R Seminoff, JA AF Lopez-Mendilaharsui, Milagros Gardneri, Susan C. Riosmena-Rodriguez, Rafael Seminoff, Jeffrey A. TI Diet selection by immature green turtles (Chelonia mydas) at Bahia Magdalena foraging ground in the Pacific Coast of the Baja California Peninsula, Mexico SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE diet; selectivity; Chelonia midas; seaweed; sea grass; Mexico ID STOMACH CONTENTS; BAY AB In order to determine if eastern Pacific green turtles (Chelonia mydas) exhibit feeding preferences samples of recently ingested food items were compared to the food resources available in the marine environment where C. mydas congregates. Stomach samples were collected by conducting gastric lavage and, at the same time, vegetation transects were conducted during spring and winter. Green turtles in our study selectively consumed seaweeds, with Codium amplivesiculatum and Gracialaria textorii as preferred species. Differences in the consumption of species were found across the two mentioned seasons and were consistent with changes in the availability of different algae species in the environment. Based on these results, it is recommended that sea turtle conservation plans along the Baja California Peninsula include Pacific coastal mangrove channels with a high diversity of algae species as priority areas for protection. C1 [Riosmena-Rodriguez, Rafael] Univ Autonoma Baja California, Dept Marine Biol, Programa Invest Botan Marina, La Paz 23080, BCS, Mexico. [Lopez-Mendilaharsui, Milagros; Gardneri, Susan C.] Ctr Invest Biol Noroeste, Sc La Paz 23090, BCS, Mexico. [Seminoff, Jeffrey A.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Riosmena-Rodriguez, R (reprint author), Univ Autonoma Baja California, Dept Marine Biol, Programa Invest Botan Marina, La Paz 23080, BCS, Mexico. EM riosmena@uabcs.mx NR 40 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 30 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 88 IS 3 BP 641 EP 647 DI 10.1017/S0025315408001057 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 319QW UT WOS:000257179800027 ER PT J AU Glancy, S de Vasconcelos, HM AF Glancy, Scott de Vasconcelos, Hilma Macedo TI Methods for producing optical coherent state superpositions SO JOURNAL OF THE OPTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA B-OPTICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DISTINGUISHABLE QUANTUM STATES; ELECTROMAGNETICALLY INDUCED TRANSPARENCY; DEGENERATE PARAMETRIC OSCILLATION; NONDEMOLITION MEASUREMENTS; KERR MEDIUM; GENERATION; LIGHT; INTERFEROMETER; NOISE AB We discuss several methods to produce superpositions of optical coherent states (also known as "cat states"). Cat states have remarkable properties that could allow them to be powerful tools for quantum information processing and metrology. A number of proposals for how one can produce cat states have appeared in the literature in recent years. We describe these proposals and present a new simulation and analysis of them incorporating practical issues such as photon loss, detector inefficiency, and limited strength of nonlinear interactions. We also examine how each would perform in a realistic experiment. C1 [Glancy, Scott] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [de Vasconcelos, Hilma Macedo] Univ Fed Ceara, Dept Met & Mat Engn, BR-60455760 Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. RP Glancy, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sglancy@boulder.nist.gov RI Vasconcelos, Hilma/H-2980-2016 OI Vasconcelos, Hilma/0000-0001-7129-1026 NR 75 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 3 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0740-3224 J9 J OPT SOC AM B JI J. Opt. Soc. Am. B-Opt. Phys. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 25 IS 5 BP 712 EP 733 DI 10.1364/JOSAB.25.000712 PG 22 WC Optics SC Optics GA 307MO UT WOS:000256323200004 ER PT J AU Xuan, G Adam, TN Lv, PC Sustersic, N Coppinger, MJ Kolodzey, J Suehle, J Fitzgerald, E AF Xuan, G. Adam, T. N. Lv, P. -C. Sustersic, N. Coppinger, M. J. Kolodzey, J. Suehle, J. Fitzgerald, E. TI Dry etching of SiGe alloys by xenon difluoride SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article ID XEF2 AB Dry etching with xenon difluoride (XeF2) is a well-known process for the isotropic removal of silicon. The etching of silicon-germanium alloys with XeF2, however, has not yet been investigated. Here, the XeF2 dry etching of SiGe alloys was characterized versus composition and XeF2 partial pressures. It was found that the etch rates showed a strong dependence on Ge content of the etched materials. The roughness of the etched surfaces was also investigated. This study provides etch rates versus process conditions and etched surface roughness, which are useful for accurately fabricating SiGe-based structures and devices. (c) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Xuan, G.; Adam, T. N.; Lv, P. -C.; Sustersic, N.; Coppinger, M. J.; Kolodzey, J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Suehle, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fitzgerald, E.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Xuan, G (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM xuan@ece.udel.edu NR 9 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD MAY PY 2008 VL 26 IS 3 BP 385 EP 388 DI 10.1116/1.2891245 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 305BR UT WOS:000256153300013 ER PT J AU Rowe, MA Gansen, EJ Greene, MB Rosenberg, D Harvey, TE Su, MY Hadfield, RH Nam, SW Mirin, RP AF Rowe, M. A. Gansen, E. J. Greene, M. B. Rosenberg, D. Harvey, T. E. Su, M. Y. Hadfield, R. H. Nam, S. W. Mirin, R. P. TI Designing high electron mobility transistor heterostructures with quantum dots for efficient, number-resolving photon detection SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY B LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTOR; CHARGE STORAGE AB We describe the design of the epitaxial layers for an efficient, photon-number-determining detector that utilizes a layer of self-assembled quantum dots as an optically addressable gate in a field-effect transistor. Our design features a dedicated absorption layer where photoexcited holes are produced and directed with tailored electric fields to the quantum dot layer. A barrier layer ensures that the quantum dot layer is located at a two-dimensional potential minimum of the structure for the efficient collection of holes. Using quantum dots as charge traps allows us to contain the photoexcited holes in a well-defined plane. We derive an equation for a uniform size of the photon signal based on this precise geometry. Finally, we show corroborating data with well-resolved signals corresponding to different numbers of photons. (C) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 [Rowe, M. A.; Gansen, E. J.; Greene, M. B.; Harvey, T. E.; Su, M. Y.; Nam, S. W.; Mirin, R. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Rosenberg, D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hadfield, R. H.] Heriot Watt Univ, Edinburgh E 14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Rowe, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mirin@boulder.nist.gov OI Mirin, Richard/0000-0002-4472-4655 NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 1071-1023 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL B JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. B PD MAY PY 2008 VL 26 IS 3 BP 1174 EP 1177 DI 10.1116/1.2837839 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Physics GA 307FO UT WOS:000256304600058 ER PT J AU Gorgone, AM Haase, PA Griffith, ES Hohn, AA AF Gorgone, Antoinette M. Haase, Patti A. Griffith, Eric S. Hohn, Aleta A. TI Modeling response of target and nontarget dolphins to biopsy darting SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE behavior; biopsy sampling; bottlenose dolphin; logistic regression; predictive modeling; Tursiops truncatus ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; WHALES MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; HUMPBACK WHALES; BEHAVIORAL REACTIONS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BLUBBER; PREGNANCY; CETACEANS; ESTUARY; SAMPLES AB Remote biopsy sampling is a valuable technique to collect data on free-ranging cetaceans. Numerous researchers have evaluated effects of biopsy darting on the target animal, but biopsy sampling may also have unintentional effects on nearby nontarget animals. We evaluated reactions of target and nontarget animals during remote biopsy sampling conducted on bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in August 2004 off Folly Beach, South Carolina, and Jekyll Island, Georgia, USA, and in February-March and July-August 2005 off Hilton Head, South Carolina. We examined external factors that might influence response of the target animal as well as other individuals in the group. Target animals reacted to biopsy attempts 90.9% (n = 475) of the time. Of these, 97.5% (n = 432) of reactions were to biopsy hits, and 84.4% (n = 320) of all hits had reactions recorded as low. Nontarget animals reacted 21.9% (n = 1,158) of the time; interanimal distance from target animal, season, sea state, and depth affected reactions of nontarget animals. Overall, however, biopsy effects appear to be minimal. We present a statistical tool for identifying factors that elicit greater reactions. This model could be adapted for species or locations, as needed, to identify factors that could influence effects of biopsy sampling. C1 [Gorgone, Antoinette M.; Haase, Patti A.; Griffith, Eric S.; Hohn, Aleta A.] Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Gorgone, AM (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmosphere Adm, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 101 Pivers Island Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM annie.gorgone@noaa.gov RI Hohn, Aleta/G-2888-2011 OI Hohn, Aleta/0000-0002-9992-7062 NR 27 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 926 EP 932 DI 10.2193/2007-202 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 292ZN UT WOS:000255304700009 ER PT J AU Kneebone, J Natanson, LJ Andrews, AH Howell, WH AF Kneebone, Jeff Natanson, Lisa J. Andrews, Allen H. Howell, W. Hunt TI Using bomb radiocarbon analyses to validate age and growth estimates for the tiger shark, Galeocerdo cuvier, in the western North Atlantic SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ISURUS-OXYRINCHUS; SHORTFIN MAKO; VARIABILITY; OTOLITHS; MEXICO; OCEAN; GULF AB Refined and validated age and growth determinations are necessary for a proper understanding of tiger shark (Galeocerdo cuvier) life history characteristics in the western North Atlantic (WNA). Age and growth estimates were derived from band counts of 238-sectioned vertebral centra. Bomb radiocarbon analysis of ten band pairs extracted from four vertebral sections suggested that band pairs are deposited annually up to age 20. Males and females were aged to 20 and 22 years, respectively, although longevity estimates predict maximum ages of 27 and 29 years, respectively. Two- and three-parameter von Bertalanffy and Gompertz growth functions fit to length at age data demonstrated that growth rates were similar for males and females up to around 200 cm fork length (FL) after which male growth slowed. Both sexes appear to reach maturity at age 10. The two-parameter von Bertalanffy growth function provided the best biological fit to length at age data generating parameter estimates of: L-infinity = 330 cm FL, k = 0.131 for males and L-infinity = 347 cm FL, k = 0.124 for females, with L-0 set at 62 cm FL. This study provides a rigorous description of tiger shark age and growth in the WNA and further demonstrates the utility of bomb radiocarbon as an age validation tool for elasmobranch fish. C1 [Kneebone, Jeff; Howell, W. Hunt] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Kneebone, Jeff; Natanson, Lisa J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Andrews, Allen H.] Calif State Univ, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Kneebone, J (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Spaulding Hall,46 Coll Rd, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM jkneebone@hotmail.com RI Andrews, Allen/G-3686-2016 OI Andrews, Allen/0000-0002-9001-8305 NR 37 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 154 IS 3 BP 423 EP 434 DI 10.1007/s00227-008-0934-y PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 289ZZ UT WOS:000255093700003 ER PT J AU Weiss, R AF Weiss, Robert TI Sediment grains moved by passing tsunami waves: Tsunami deposits in deep water SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE tsunami sediments; linear wave equation ID SEA AB Tsunamis propagating in the open ocean have associated horizontal particle velocities that do not change with depth-yet the limiting water depth where a tsunami of given characteristics will initiate sediment motion remains unknown. Based upon linear wave theory and a parametrization of the Shields curve, equations are derived and solved, using an iterative scheme, to address the topic of grain movement by tsunami waves as a function of water depth and wave amplitude. The focus is on waves in deep water where tsunami waves behave linearly and on non-cohesive sediment grains. Furthermore, the question is addressed of which grain sizes are picked up on a sloping beach as the wave shoals. According to the results, even the Boxing Day tsunami in 2004 was incapable of moving fine sand in water deeper than 985 in in the Bay of Bengal and 335 in in the Indian and Pacific oceans. The results suggest that tectonic tsunamis of size equal to or smaller than the Boxing Day tsunami cannot initiate motion of deep-water cohesionless sediments that can be correlated on an oceanic basin-wide scale. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Weiss, Robert] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Weiss, Robert] NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Washington, DC USA. RP Weiss, R (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM weiszr@u.washington.edu RI Weiss, Robert/B-8060-2012; OI Weiss, Robert/0000-0002-7168-5401 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 250 IS 3-4 BP 251 EP 257 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.01.018 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 304KU UT WOS:000256109200008 ER PT J AU Barnes, C McFadden, KW AF Barnes, Cassandra McFadden, Katherine W. TI Marine ecosystem approaches to management: challenges and lessons in the United States SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE marine policy; ecosystem management; NOAA; ecosystem; management strategies; ocean policy AB This study examined how the United States' largest marine resource management agency, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has begun to change its management strategy away from traditional marine resource management approaches towards an Ecosystem Approach to Management (EAM). Surveys were conducted with 57 NOAA scientists and resource managers in nine NOAA programs in 8 different geographic regions across the United States in 2005. A qualitative analysis examined the attitudes and experiences of participants with respect to implementing EAM and identified four major challenges to enhancing cooperation and understanding of EAM. We conclude with recommendations for concrete initiatives that future efforts in EAM that any management agency can undertake to facilitate further ecosystem management opportunities. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [McFadden, Katherine W.] Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Barnes, Cassandra] NOAA, Educ Partnership Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP McFadden, KW (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Environm Biol, 1200 Amsterdam Ave,MC 5557, New York, NY 10027 USA. EM cassandra.barnes@noaa.gov; kwin6@columbia.edu NR 13 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 32 IS 3 BP 387 EP 392 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2007.08.006 PG 6 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 296UR UT WOS:000255571800016 ER PT J AU Gaichas, SK AF Gaichas, Sarah K. TI A context for ecosystem-based fishery management: Developing concepts of ecosystems and sustainability SO MARINE POLICY LA English DT Article DE ecosystem-based fishery management; complex adaptive systems; sustainability; maximum sustainable yield ID COMPLEX ORGANISM; SUCCESSION; ECOLOGY; CLIMAX; SYSTEMS; CHAOS AB Ecosystems have been viewed both as chaotic, untamed nature, and as mechanical systems with predictable equilibrium states. A developing concept of ecosystems as "complex adaptive systems" lies between these extreme concepts, with recognizably patterned but not fully predictable behavior. Sustainability has also been redefined as humans have exploited and often depleted desirable natural resources. Fisheries management desires sustainable yield, but must rethink this concept within the ecosystem context. The most powerful union of "ecosystem" and "sustainability" acknowledges the defining characteristics of complex adaptive systems with the objective of identifying and sustaining healthy relationships within and between ecosystems, economies, and society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Gaichas, SK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Sarah.Gaichas@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-597X J9 MAR POLICY JI Mar. Pol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 32 IS 3 BP 393 EP 401 DI 10.1016/j.marpol.2007.08.002 PG 9 WC Environmental Studies; International Relations SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; International Relations GA 296UR UT WOS:000255571800017 ER PT J AU Meyer, CW Kimes, WA Ripple, DC AF Meyer, Christopher W. Kimes, William A. Ripple, Dean C. TI Determining the thermal response time of temperature sensors embedded in semiconductor wafers SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE time response; thermometer; instrumented wafer; platinum resistance thermometer; PRT; RTD; thermocouple; thermal diffusion ID POST EXPOSURE BAKE; TRANSIENT AB We present a non-contact method for the determination of the thermal response time of temperature sensors embedded in wafers. In this method, a flash lamp illuminates a spot on the wafer in periodic pulses; the spot is on the opposite side from the sensor under test. The thermal time constant of the sensor is then obtained from measurement of its temporal response, together with a theoretical model of heat flows both into the sensor and laterally within the wafer. Experimental data on both platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) and on thermocouples embedded in silicon wafers show good agreement with the heat transfer models. Values of the thermal response time for a wide range of experimental parameters agree to within standard deviations of 8% (PRTs) and 20% (thermocouples), demonstrating the self-consistency of our results. The method is directly applicable to determining the thermal properties of sensors used in instrumented silicon wafers. We anticipate that the method will have use in development of new sensor attachment methods, in verifying the proper attachment of sensors during production, and in confirming that the thermal attachment has not degraded with age or thermal cycling. To simplify the application of the method, we have produced a table of calculated relevant quantities to be used in relating the measured signal to the thermal response time. C1 [Meyer, Christopher W.; Kimes, William A.; Ripple, Dean C.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Meyer, CW (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.meyer@nist.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 19 IS 5 AR 055202 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/19/5/055202 PG 10 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 298BT UT WOS:000255662100008 ER PT J AU Aguilar, A Garza, JC AF Aguilar, Andres Garza, John Carlos TI Isolation of 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms from coastal steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Salmonidae) SO MOLECULAR ECOLOGY RESOURCES LA English DT Article DE linkage; Oncorhynchus mykiss; single nucleotide polymorphisms; SNPs; steelhead ID RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON; SNP; DISCOVERY; GENETICS; LOCI AB We describe 15 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) isolated in coastal California populations of steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss). SNP loci were developed using a 'gene-targeted' approach, which involved the development of primers from functional genes in O. mykiss that were deposited in GenBank or in the published literature. These markers show a wide range of variability in three coastal steelhead populations, and will be useful in population genetic studies and in pedigree reconstruction. Potential applications include evaluation of population structure, introgression between native and hatchery trout, and evaluating reproductive success. C1 [Aguilar, Andres] Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, Merced, CA 95340 USA. [Aguilar, Andres; Garza, John Carlos] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Aguilar, Andres; Garza, John Carlos] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Aguilar, A (reprint author), Univ Calif, Sch Nat Sci, POB 2039, Merced, CA 95340 USA. EM aaguilar2@ucmerced.edu NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1471-8278 J9 MOL ECOL RESOUR JI Mol. Ecol. Resour. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 659 EP 662 DI 10.1111/j.1471-8286.2007.02038.x PG 4 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 285XU UT WOS:000254810300040 PM 21585863 ER PT J AU Tong, MJ Xue, M AF Tong, Mingjing Xue, Ming TI Simultaneous estimation of microphysical parameters and atmospheric state with simulated radar data and ensemble square root Kalman filter. Part I: Sensitivity analysis and parameter identifiability SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; QUASI-GEOSTROPHIC MODEL; SNOW-SIZE SPECTRA; BULK ICE SCHEME; DATA ASSIMILATION; THEORETICAL ASPECTS; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; CONVECTIVE STORMS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS AB The possibility of estimating fundamental parameters common in single-moment ice microphysics schemes using radar observations is investigated for a model-simulated supercell storm by examining parameter sensitivity and identifiability. These parameters include the intercept parameters for rain, snow, and hail/graupel, and the bulk densities of snow and hail/graupel. These parameters are closely involved in the definition of drop/particle size distributions of microphysical species but often assume highly uncertain specified values. The sensitivity of model forecast within data assimilation cycles to the parameter values, and the issue of solution uniqueness of the estimation problem, are examined. The ensemble square root filter (EnSRF) is employed for model state estimation. Sensitivity experiments show that the errors in the microphysical parameters have a larger impact on model microphysical fields than on wind fields; radar reflectivity observations are therefore preferred over those of radial velocity for microphysical parameter estimation. The model response time to errors in individual parameters are also investigated. The results suggest that radar data should be used at about 5-min intervals for parameter estimation. The response functions calculated from ensemble mean forecasts for all five individual parameters show concave shapes, with unique minima occurring at or very close to the true values; therefore, true values of these parameters can be retrieved at least in those cases where only one parameter contains error. The identifiability of multiple parameters together is evaluated from their correlations with forecast reflectivity. Significant levels of correlation are found that can be interpreted physically. As the number of uncertain parameters increases, both the level and the area coverage of significant correlations decrease, implying increased difficulties with multiple-parameter estimation. The details of the estimation procedure and the results of a complete set of estimation experiments are presented in Part II of this paper. C1 [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Norman, OK 73072 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Xue, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Natl Weather Ctr, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Suite 2500,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM mxue@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 NR 64 TC 65 Z9 70 U1 3 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1630 EP 1648 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2070.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 302NI UT WOS:000255974700005 ER PT J AU Tong, MJ Xue, M AF Tong, Mingjing Xue, Ming TI Simultaneous estimation of microphysical parameters and atmospheric state with simulated radar data and ensemble square root Kalman filter. Part II: Parameter estimation experiments SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SYSTEM ARPS; DATA ASSIMILATION; MODEL; ERROR; SCHEME; WIND AB The ensemble Kalman filter method is applied to correct errors in five fundamental microphysical parameters that are closely involved in the definition of drop/particle size distributions of microphysical species in a commonly used single-moment ice microphysics scheme, for a model-simulated supercell storm, using radar data. The five parameters include the intercept parameters for rain, snow, and hail/graupel and the bulk densities of hail/graupel and snow. The ensemble square root Kalman filter (EnSRF) is employed for simultaneous state and parameter estimation. The five microphysical parameters are estimated individually or in different combinations starting from different initial guesses. A data selection procedure based on correlation information is introduced, which combined with variance inflation, effectively avoids the collapse of the spread of parameter ensemble, hence filter divergence. Parameter estimation results demonstrate, for the first time, that the ensemble-based method can be used to correct model errors in microphysical parameters through simultaneous state and parameter estimation, using radar reflectivity observations. When error exists in only one of the microphysical parameters, the parameter can be successfully estimated without exception. The estimation of multiple parameters is less reliable, mainly because the identifiability of the parameters becomes weaker and the problem might have no unique solution. The parameter estimation results are found to be very sensitive to the realization of the initial parameter ensemble, which is mainly related to the use of relatively small ensemble sizes. Increasing ensemble size generally improves the parameter estimation. The quality of parameter estimation also depends on the quality of observation data. It is also found that the results of state estimation are generally improved when simultaneous parameter estimation is performed, even when the estimated parameter values are not very accurate. C1 [Xue, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Xue, M (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Ctr Anal & Predict Storms, Natl Weather Ctr, Suite 2500,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM mxue@ou.edu RI Xue, Ming/F-8073-2011 OI Xue, Ming/0000-0003-1976-3238 NR 39 TC 50 Z9 59 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1649 EP 1668 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2071.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 302NI UT WOS:000255974700006 ER PT J AU Gall, JS Frank, WM Kwon, Y AF Gall, Jeffrey S. Frank, William M. Kwon, Young TI Effects of sea spray on tropical cyclones simulated under idealized conditions SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID HURRICANE-LIKE VORTICES; DYNAMIC INSTABILITIES; CORE STRUCTURE; PART I; SURFACE; INTENSITY; IMPACTS; BUBBLES; MODEL; DROPLETS AB Under high-wind conditions, breaking waves and whitecaps eject large numbers of sea spray droplets into the atmosphere. The spray droplets originate with the same temperature and salinity as the ocean surface and thus increase the effective surface area of the ocean in contact with the atmosphere. As a result, the spray alters the total sensible and latent heat fluxes in the near-surface layer. The spray drops in the near-surface layer also result in horizontal and vertical spray-drag effects. The mass of the spray introduces an additional drag in the vertical momentum equation and tends to stabilize the lower boundary layer (BL). An initially axisymmetric control hurricane was created from the output of a real-data simulation of Hurricane Floyd (1999) using the nonhydrostatic fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5, version 3.4). The subsequent simulations, however, are not axisymmetric because the mass, wind, and spray fields are allowed to develop asymmetries. While such a design does not result in an axisymmetric simulation, the mass, wind, and spray fields develop more realistic structures than in an axisymmetric simulation. Simulations of the hurricane were conducted using a version of the Fairall et al. (1994) sea spray parameterization, which includes horizontal and vertical spray-drag effects. The simulations were run using varying spray-source function intensities and with and without horizontal and vertical spray-drag effects. At present, the relationship of spray production to surface wind speed is poorly known for hurricane-force wind regimes. Results indicate that spray modifies the hurricane structure in important but complex ways. Spray moistens the near-surface layer through increased evaporation. The effect of spray on the near-surface temperature profile depends on the amount of spray and its location in the hurricane. For moderate spray amounts, the near-surface layer warms within the high-wind region of the hurricane and cools at larger radii. For larger spray amounts, the near-surface layer warms relative to the moderate spray case. The moderate spray simulations (both with and without drag effects) have little net effect on the hurricane intensity. However, in the heavier spray runs, the total sensible heat flux is enhanced by 200 W m(-2), while the total latent heat flux is enhanced by over 150 W m(-2) in the high-wind region of the storm. Horizontal spray drag decreases wind speeds between 1 and 2 m s(-1), and vertical spray drag increases the stability of the lower BL. In these heavy spray runs, the effect of the enhanced spray sensible and latent heat fluxes dominates the negative spray-drag effects, and as a result, the modeled storm intensity is upward of 10 mb stronger than the control run by the end of the simulation time. This study shows that spray has the capability of significantly affecting hurricane structure, but to do so, the amount of spray ejected into the BL of the hurricane would need to lie near the upper end of the currently hypothesized spray-source functions. C1 [Gall, Jeffrey S.; Frank, William M.] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Kwon, Young] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Gall, JS (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM gall@meteo.psu.edu NR 36 TC 13 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 136 IS 5 BP 1686 EP 1705 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2183.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 302NI UT WOS:000255974700008 ER PT J AU Osthoff, HD Roberts, JM Ravishankara, AR Williams, EJ Lerner, BM Sommariva, R Bates, TS Coffman, D Quinn, PK Dibb, JE Stark, H Burkholder, JB Talukdar, RK Meagher, J Fehsenfeld, FC Brown, SS AF Osthoff, Hans D. Roberts, James M. Ravishankara, A. R. Williams, Eric J. Lerner, Brian M. Sommariva, Roberto Bates, Timothy S. Coffman, Derek Quinn, Patricia K. Dibb, Jack E. Stark, Harald Burkholder, James B. Talukdar, Ranajit K. Meagher, James Fehsenfeld, Fred C. Brown, Steven S. TI High levels of nitryl chloride in the polluted subtropical marine boundary layer SO NATURE GEOSCIENCE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SALT; GASEOUS N2O5; URBAN OZONE; AEROSOL; NACL; EMISSIONS; MODEL; CLNO2; AIR; DISTRIBUTIONS AB The cycling of halogen compounds in the lower atmosphere is poorly understood. It is known that halogens such as chlorine, bromine and iodine are converted from halides, which are relatively inert, to reactive radicals. These reactive radicals can affect ozone production and destruction, aerosol formation and the lifetimes of important trace gases such as methane, mercury and naturally occurring sulphur compounds. However, the processes by which halides are converted to reactive halogens are uncertain. Here, we report atmospheric measurements of nitryl chloride, an active halogen, along the southeast coastline of the United States and near Houston, Texas. We show that the main source of nitryl chloride is the night-time reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide with chloride-containing aerosol. The levels observed are much greater than earlier estimates based on numerical models and are sufficiently large to affect oxidant photochemistry in areas where nitrogen oxides and aerosol chloride sources coexist, such as urban areas and ship engine exhaust plumes. C1 [Osthoff, Hans D.; Roberts, James M.; Ravishankara, A. R.; Williams, Eric J.; Lerner, Brian M.; Sommariva, Roberto; Stark, Harald; Burkholder, James B.; Talukdar, Ranajit K.; Meagher, James; Fehsenfeld, Fred C.; Brown, Steven S.] CSD, Earth Syst Res Lab, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Osthoff, Hans D.; Williams, Eric J.; Lerner, Brian M.; Sommariva, Roberto; Stark, Harald; Talukdar, Ranajit K.; Fehsenfeld, Fred C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ravishankara, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bates, Timothy S.; Coffman, Derek; Quinn, Patricia K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dibb, Jack E.] Univ New Hampshire, Climate Change Res Ctr, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Roberts, JM (reprint author), CSD, Earth Syst Res Lab, NOAA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.M.Roberts@noaa.gov RI Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Stark, Harald/E-7433-2010; TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/G-4530-2013; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Sommariva, Roberto/M-5361-2014; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016 OI Osthoff, Hans/0000-0001-7155-6493; Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; TALUKDAR, RANAJIT/0000-0001-6017-8431; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; Sommariva, Roberto/0000-0002-2728-5814; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895 NR 41 TC 161 Z9 161 U1 9 U2 84 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI NEW YORK PA 75 VARICK STREET, 9TH FLOOR, NEW YORK, NY 10013-1917 USA SN 1752-0894 J9 NAT GEOSCI JI Nat. Geosci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 1 IS 5 BP 324 EP 328 DI 10.1038/ngeo177 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 309BB UT WOS:000256433600017 ER PT J AU Tomlin, BE Zeisler, R Lindstrom, RM AF Tomlin, B. E. Zeisler, R. Lindstrom, R. M. TI gamma gamma coincidence spectrometer for instrumental neutron-activation analysis SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE instrumental neutron-activation analysis; gamma gamma coincidence; gamma-ray spectrometry; digital data acquisition ID SPECTROSCOPY; DETECTORS AB Neutron-activation analysis (NAA) is an important technique for the accurate and precise determination of trace and ultra-trace elemental compositions. The application of gamma gamma coincidence counting to NAA in order to enhance specificity was first explored over 40 years ago but has not evolved into a regularly used technique. A gamma gamma coincidence spectrometer has been constructed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology, using two HPGe gamma-ray detectors and an all-digital data-acquisition system, for the purpose of exploring coincidence NAA and its value in characterizing reference materials. This paper describes the initial evaluation of the quantitative precision of coincidence counting versus singles spectrometry, based upon a sample of neutron-irradiated bovine liver material. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Tomlin, B. E.; Zeisler, R.; Lindstrom, R. M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tomlin, BE (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.tomlin@nist.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 EI 1872-9576 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD MAY 1 PY 2008 VL 589 IS 2 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.02.094 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 310YL UT WOS:000256566800011 ER PT J AU Meftah, A Wyart, JF Sinzelle, J Tchang-Brillet, WUL Champion, N Spector, N Sugar, J AF Meftah, Ali Wyart, Jean-Francois Sinzelle, Jocelyne Tchang-Brillet, Wan-Ue Lydia Champion, Norbert Spector, Nissan Sugar, Jack TI Spectrum and energy levels of the Nd(4+) free ion (Nd V) SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article ID EMISSION-SPECTRA; CONFIGURATIONS AB The spectrum of neodymium excited by a sliding spark source was photographed on two vacuum ultraviolet normal-incidence spectrographs. About 250 lines attributed to Nd V, hitherto unknown, have been identified. The analysis of this spectrum established all the energy levels of the configurations 4f(2), 4f5d, 4f6s and 4f6p (except for 4f(2) (1)S(0)). Altogether, 48 known levels classify about 160 lines. Their theoretical calculation includes a least-squares fit with an rms error of 28 cm(-1) for the even-parity levels and 26 cm(-1) for the odd-parity ones, as well as the best values for relevant radial interaction parameters. In particular, interactions with the core-excited configurations 5p(5)4f(3) and 5p(5)4f(2) 5d are discussed. Intensities derived from phosphor image plates are used to estimate an effective temperature in the spark of T(eff) = 3.6 eV. C1 [Meftah, Ali; Wyart, Jean-Francois; Sinzelle, Jocelyne] Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Aime Cotton Lab, F-91405 Orsay, France. [Tchang-Brillet, Wan-Ue Lydia; Champion, Norbert] Univ Paris 06, Observ Paris, CNRS, UMR8112,LERMA, F-92195 Meudon, France. [Spector, Nissan; Sugar, Jack] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Meftah, A (reprint author), Univ Paris 11, CNRS, Aime Cotton Lab, Batiment 505, F-91405 Orsay, France. EM ali.meftah@lac.u-psud.fr NR 21 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 77 IS 5 AR 055302 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/77/05/055302 PG 10 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 306DU UT WOS:000256229300009 ER PT J AU Chen, J Fan, JY Eisaman, MD Migdall, A AF Chen, Jun Fan, Jingyun Eisaman, Matthew D. Migdall, Alan TI Generation of high-flux hyperentangled photon pairs using a microstructure-fiber Sagnac interferometer SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID DISPERSION-SHIFTED FIBER; TELECOM-BAND; ENTANGLEMENT; TIME AB We demonstrate generation of hyperentangled (time-bin and polarization) photon pairs via four-wave mixing in a microstructure-fiber Sagnac interferometer. The two-photon interference visibility in the time-bin (polarization) degree of freedom is 88% +/- 2% (84% +/- 1 %) without subtraction of accidental coincidences, and Bell's inequality is violated by 27 standard deviations at a 1 kHz coincidence rate. C1 [Chen, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM junchen@nist.gov; jfan@nist.gov RI Chen, Jun/A-7847-2009; Eisaman, Matthew/E-8006-2011 OI Eisaman, Matthew/0000-0002-3814-6430 NR 29 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2008 VL 77 IS 5 AR 053812 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.053812 PN B PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 317MK UT WOS:000257024100047 ER PT J AU De Chiara, G Calarco, T Anderlini, M Montangero, S Lee, PJ Brown, L Phillips, WD Porto, JV AF De Chiara, G. Calarco, T. Anderlini, M. Montangero, S. Lee, P. J. Brown, L. Phillips, W. D. Porto, J. V. TI Optimal control of atom transport for quantum gates in optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD ATOMS; CONTROLLED COLLISIONS; ENTANGLEMENT; GAS AB By means of optimal control techniques we model and optimize the manipulation of the external quantum state (center-of-mass motion) of atoms trapped in adjustable optical potentials. We consider in detail the cases of both noninteracting and interacting atoms moving between neighboring sites in a lattice of a double-well optical potentials. Such a lattice can perform interaction-mediated entanglement of atom pairs and can realize two-qubit quantum gates. The optimized control sequences for the optical potential allow transport faster and with significantly larger fidelity than is possible with processes based on adiabatic transport. C1 [De Chiara, G.; Calarco, T.] Univ Trent, CNR, INFM, BEC,ECT, I-38050 Povo, TN, Italy. [De Chiara, G.] Univ Autonoma Barcelona, Grp Opt, Dept Fis, Bellaterra 08193, Spain. [Calarco, T.] Univ Ulm, Inst Quantum Informat Proc, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Anderlini, M.] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Firenze, I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy. [Montangero, S.] CNR, INFM, NEST, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Montangero, S.] Scuola Normale Super Pisa, I-56126 Pisa, Italy. [Lee, P. J.; Brown, L.; Phillips, W. D.; Porto, J. V.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP De Chiara, G (reprint author), Univ Trent, CNR, INFM, BEC,ECT, I-38050 Povo, TN, Italy. RI Lee, Patricia/B-6146-2012; De Chiara, Gabriele/A-6956-2010; OI De Chiara, Gabriele/0000-0003-3265-9021; Brown, Benjamin/0000-0002-4873-6362 NR 32 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2008 VL 77 IS 5 AR 052333 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.052333 PN A PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 317MI UT WOS:000257023900071 ER PT J AU Poli, N Barber, ZW Lemke, ND Oates, CW Ma, LS Stalnaker, JE Fortier, IM Diddams, SA Hollberg, L Bergquist, JC Brusch, A Jefferts, S Heavner, I Parker, I AF Poli, N. Barber, Z. W. Lemke, N. D. Oates, C. W. Ma, L. S. Stalnaker, J. E. Fortier, I. M. Diddams, S. A. Hollberg, L. Bergquist, J. C. Brusch, A. Jefferts, S. Heavner, I. Parker, I. TI Frequency evaluation of the doubly forbidden (1)S(0)->(3)P(0) transition in bosonic (174)Yb SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FRACTIONAL UNCERTAINTY; LATTICE CLOCK AB We report an uncertainty evaluation of an optical lattice clock based on the (1)S(0) <-> (3)P(0), transition in the bosonic isotope (174)Yb by use of magnetically induced spectroscopy. The absolute frequency of the (1)S(0) <-> (3)P(0) transition has been determined through comparisons with optical and microwave standards at NIST. The weighted mean of the evaluations is nu((174)Yb)=518 294 025 309 217.8(0.9) Hz. The uncertainty due to systematic effects has been reduced to less than 0.8 Hz, which represents 1.5 X 10(-15) in fractional frequency. C1 [Poli, N.; Barber, Z. W.; Lemke, N. D.; Oates, C. W.; Ma, L. S.; Stalnaker, J. E.; Fortier, I. M.; Diddams, S. A.; Hollberg, L.; Bergquist, J. C.; Brusch, A.; Jefferts, S.; Heavner, I.; Parker, I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Poli, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Brusch, Anders/B-1027-2011; Poli, Nicola/B-2166-2012; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Poli, Nicola/0000-0003-4225-6832; Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 NR 13 TC 59 Z9 61 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2008 VL 77 IS 5 AR 050501 DI 10.1103/PhysPevA.77.050501 PN A PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 317MI UT WOS:000257023900011 ER PT J AU Strauch, FW Edwards, M Tiesinga, E Williams, C Clark, CW AF Strauch, Frederick W. Edwards, Mark Tiesinga, Eite Williams, Carl Clark, Charles W. TI Tunneling phase gate for neutral atoms in a double-well lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL LATTICE; QUANTUM GATES AB We propose a two-qubit phase gate for ultracold atoms in a tilted double-well optical lattice. Such a lattice is capable of confining pairs of atoms in a two-dimensional array of double-well potentials where both the barrier height and the energy difference of the minima of the two wells (known as the "tilt") can be controlled. The four lowest single-particle motional states can be used to form spatially separated qubits. We present a time-dependent scheme to manipulate the tilt to induce tunneling oscillations which produce a collisional phase gate. Numerical simulations demonstrate that this gate can be performed with high fidelity. C1 [Strauch, Frederick W.] Gettysburg Coll, Dept Phys, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. [Strauch, Frederick W.; Edwards, Mark; Tiesinga, Eite; Williams, Carl; Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Edwards, Mark] Georgia So Univ, Dept Phys, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. RP Strauch, FW (reprint author), Gettysburg Coll, Dept Phys, Gettysburg, PA 17325 USA. EM fstrauch@gettysburg.edu RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Edwards, Mark/0000-0002-3149-2402 NR 18 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD MAY PY 2008 VL 77 IS 5 AR 050304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.77.050304 PN A PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 317MI UT WOS:000257023900006 ER PT J AU Fett, T Rizzi, G Creek, D Wagner, S Guin, JP Lopez-Cepero, JM Wiederhorn, SM AF Fett, T. Rizzi, G. Creek, D. Wagner, S. Guin, J. P. Lopez-Cepero, J. M. Wiederhorn, S. M. TI Finite element analysis of a crack tip in silicate glass: No evidence for a plastic zone SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID DRILLED COMPRESSION SPECIMEN; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; FRACTURE; SURFACE; STRESS; PROPAGATION; CRYSTALS; CARBIDE AB Recently, the claim was made that cracks in silicate glasses propagate by the nucleation, growth, and coalescence of cavities at crack tips, which is the same way as in metals but at a much smaller scale. This hypothesis for crack growth is based in part on the measurement of surface displacements near the tip of an emerging crack, which is the point at which a crack front intersects the side surface of the specimen. Surface displacements measured by atomic force microscopy were less than theoretically predicted. The difference between the theoretical and experimental displacements was attributed to a plastic zone surrounding the tip of the moving crack. In this paper, we show that the theoretical analysis used earlier was based on an incorrect assumption about the functional dependence of the displacement with distance from the crack tip. We use a full three-dimensional finite element analysis combined with an asymptotic solution of the crack geometry to obtain a solution to the surface displacement problem. We show that the calculated displacements are fully consistent with those experimentally measured by using an atomic force microscope. No divergence from elastic behavior is observed. Our results support the view that crack propagation in glass is entirely brittle. No evidence for plasticity at the crack tips is obtained. C1 [Fett, T.; Rizzi, G.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mat Forsch 2, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Fett, T.; Creek, D.; Wagner, S.] Univ Karlsruhe, Inst Keram Maschinenbau, D-76131 Karlsruhe, Germany. [Guin, J. P.] Univ Rennes 1, LARMAUR FRE CNRS 2717, Rennes, France. [Lopez-Cepero, J. M.] Univ Seville, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, Seville, Spain. [Wiederhorn, S. M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fett, T (reprint author), Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, Inst Mat Forsch 2, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany. RI guin, jean-pierre/A-5969-2009 OI guin, jean-pierre/0000-0003-2480-5893 NR 25 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2008 VL 77 IS 17 AR 174110 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.174110 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 313TV UT WOS:000256763800037 ER PT J AU Junkermeier, CE Lewis, JP Bryant, GW AF Junkermeier, Chad E. Lewis, James P. Bryant, Garnett W. TI Ab initio tight-binding analysis of CdS nanocrystals SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID CADMIUM-SULFIDE CLUSTERS; ELECTRONIC-STRUCTURE; QUANTUM DOTS; SEMICONDUCTOR NANOCRYSTALS; SURFACE; NANOCLUSTERS; ENERGY; SELENIDE; FILMS AB Spherical Cd(n)S(m) nanocrystals are studied via an ab Initio tight-binding analysis. Starting from the bulk zinc-blende structure, these nanocrystals undergo relaxation as the geometries optimize to configurations that minimize internal forces. The resulting electronic structure and molecular orbitals are analyzed and compared to the electronic structure and molecular orbitals found in the bulklike zinc-blende structure. We conclude that the states found in the gap between the valence band and the conduction band are mainly on the surface of the nanocrystals and are due to the unpassivated bonds that remain after surface relaxation. C1 [Junkermeier, Chad E.; Lewis, James P.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Junkermeier, Chad E.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Bryant, Garnett W.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Junkermeier, CE (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM chad.junkermeier@mail.wvu.edu NR 42 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD MAY PY 2008 VL 77 IS 20 AR 205125 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.77.205125 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 316TE UT WOS:000256971800042 ER PT J AU Dohm, JM Anderson, RC Barlow, NG Miyamoto, H Davies, AG Taylor, GJ Baker, VR Boynton, WV Keller, J Kerry, K Janes, D Fairen, AG Schulze-Makuch, D Glamoclija, M Marinangeli, L Ori, GG Strom, RG Williams, JP Ferris, JC Rodriguez, JAP de Pablo, MA Karunatillake, S AF Dohm, James M. Anderson, Robert C. Barlow, Nadine G. Miyamoto, Hirdy Davies, Ashley G. Taylor, G. Jeffrey Baker, Victor R. Boynton, William V. Keller, John Kerry, Kris Janes, Daniel Fairen, Alberto G. Schulze-Makuch, Dirk Glamoclija, Mihaela Marinangeli, Lucia Ori, Gian G. Strom, Robert G. Williams, Jean-Pierre Ferris, Justin C. Rodriguez, J. A. P. de Pablo, Miguel A. Karunatillake, Suniti TI Recent geological and hydrological activity on Mars: The Tharsis/Elysiurn corridor SO PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE LA English DT Review DE Mars; magmatism; tectonism; hydrothermal activity; present Mars; life ID PATHFINDER LANDING SITE; MARTIAN NORTHERN PLAINS; MERIDIANI-PLANUM; THARSIS REGION; MAGMATIC EVOLUTION; OMEGA/MARS EXPRESS; THERMAL EVOLUTION; CERBERUS FOSSAE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION; TERRESTRIAL PLANETS AB The paradigm of an ancient warm, wet, and dynamically active Mars, which transitioned into a cold, dry, and internally dead planet, has persisted up until recently despite published Viking-based geologic maps that indicate geologic and hydrologic activity extending into the Late Amazonian epoch. This paradigm is shifting to a water-enriched planet, which may still exhibit internal activity, based on a collection of geologic, hydrologic, topographic, chemical, and elemental evidences obtained by the Viking, Mars Global Surveyor (MGS), Mars Odyssey (MO), Mars Exploration Rovers (MER), and Mars Express (MEx) missions. The evidence includes: (1) strati graphically young rock materials such as pristine lava flows with few, if any, superposed impact craters; (2) tectonic features that cut stratigraphically young materials; (3) features with possible aqueous origin such as structurally controlled channels that dissect stratigraphically young materials and anastomosing-patterned slope streaks on hillslopes; (4) spatially varying elemental abundances for such elements as hydrogen (H) and chlorine (Cl) recorded in rock materials up to 0.33 m depth; and (5) regions of elevated atmospheric methane. This evidence is pronounced in parts of Tharsis, Elysium, and the region that straddles the two volcanic provinces, collectively referred to here as the Tharsis/Elysium corridor. Based in part on field investigations of Solfatara Crater, Italy, recommended as a suitable terrestrial analog, the Tharsis/Elysium corridor should be considered a prime target for Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) investigations and future science-driven exploration to investigate whether Mars is internally and hydrologically active at the present time, and whether the persistence of this activity has resulted in biologic activity. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dohm, James M.; Baker, Victor R.] Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Dohm, James M.; Baker, Victor R.; Boynton, William V.; Keller, John; Kerry, Kris; Janes, Daniel; Strom, Robert G.] Univ Arizona, Lunar & Planetary Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Williams, Jean-Pierre] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Div Geol & Planetary Sci, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Barlow, Nadine G.] No Arizona Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Flagstaff, AZ 86011 USA. [Miyamoto, Hirdy] Univ Tokyo, Dept Geosyst Engn, Tokyo 1138654, Japan. [Taylor, G. Jeffrey] Univ Hawaii, Hawaii Inst Geophys & Planetol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Fairen, Alberto G.] Univ Autonoma Madrid, Ctr Biol Mol, CSIC, E-28049 Madrid, Spain. [Fairen, Alberto G.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Sapce Sci & Astrobiol Div, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Schulze-Makuch, Dirk] Washington State Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Glamoclija, Mihaela; Marinangeli, Lucia; Ori, Gian G.] Univ G DAnnunzio, IRSPS, Pescara, Italy. [Ferris, Justin C.] NOAA, W Coast & Alaska Tsunami Warning Ctr, Palmer, AK 99645 USA. [Rodriguez, J. A. P.] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1130033, Japan. [de Pablo, Miguel A.] Univ Alcala de Henares, Dept Geol, Madrid, Spain. [Karunatillake, Suniti] Cornell Univ, Ctr Radiophys & Space Res, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Dohm, JM (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Hydrol & Water Resources, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RI Karunatillake, Suniti/A-5934-2009; Miyamoto, Hideaki/B-9666-2008; Miyamoto, Hideaki/E-3381-2012; Williams, Jean-Pierre/C-3531-2009; Dohm, James/A-3831-2014; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/J-6442-2014; OI Karunatillake, Suniti/0000-0001-9891-1432; Williams, Jean-Pierre/0000-0003-4163-2760; de Pablo, Miguel Angel/0000-0002-4496-2741; ORI, Gian Gabriele/0000-0002-6460-1476 NR 210 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 4 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0032-0633 J9 PLANET SPACE SCI JI Planet Space Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 56 IS 7 BP 985 EP 1013 DI 10.1016/j.pss.2008.01.001 PG 29 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 314RS UT WOS:000256827100012 ER PT J AU Overland, J Rodionov, S Minobe, S Bond, N AF Overland, James Rodionov, Sergei Minobe, Shoshiro Bond, Nicholas TI North Pacific regime shifts: Definitions, issues and recent transitions SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Climate Variability and Ecosystem Impacts on the North Pacific - A Basin-Scale Synthesis CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP PICES, GLOBEC Int ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BERING-SEA; RED NOISE; ECOSYSTEM; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; RECRUITMENT; FISHERIES; ATLANTIC; FLUCTUATIONS AB The many recent publications on regimes and shifts highlight the importance of decadal variability in understanding climate and ecosystems and their connectivity. This paper explores several issues in the application of regime concepts. Even the definition of regimes is unclear, as usage by different authors highlight: (1) displacement or shifts in timeseries, (2) underlying mechanisms, and (3) the distinction between external forcing and internal reorganization of ecosystems. Such differences arise, and cannot be easily resolved, because of the relatively short duration of available physical and biological timeseries, and the complexity of multivariate process in marine systems with unknown variables and relationships. Climate indices often show a rather Gaussian distribution of values with a single mean, rather than clearly separated discrete multiple states. These physical indices can be represented by a red noise long memory process, where the index can, in fact, deviate substantially from the long term mean for multiple years. If we consider changes in timeseries themselves, then climate variables for the North Pacific display shifts near 1977,1989 and 1998. Recent variability suggests considerable uncertainty in the current state of the North Pacific. Biological variables often show a broader distribution of shifts over time, which is consistent with different types of responses to climate for different ecosystem elements and the importance of time lags in response to changes in physical forcing. Our current understanding of regime shifts is not a deterministic one, and while one can discuss amplitudes and mean duration of regimes, we cannot predict their precise timing other than to say that they will be a main feature of future climate and ecosystem states. While the authors believe that a single definition for regimes is currently not possible, the concept continues to be useful in moving the discussion of ecosystems away from the assumptions of single species and stationary processes. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Overland, James] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rodionov, Sergei; Bond, Nicholas] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Minobe, Shoshiro] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. RP Overland, J (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM james.e.overland@noaa.gov RI Minobe, Shoshiro/E-2997-2010; OI Minobe, Shoshiro/0000-0002-9487-9006; Rodionov, Sergei/0000-0002-5318-9746 NR 39 TC 98 Z9 104 U1 2 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2-3 BP 92 EP 102 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.03.016 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 317KE UT WOS:000257018000002 ER PT J AU Brodeur, RD Decker, MB Ciannelli, L Purcell, JE Bond, NA Stabeno, PJ Acuna, E Hunt, GL AF Brodeur, Richard D. Decker, Mary Beth Ciannelli, Lorenzo Purcell, Jennifer E. Bond, Nicholas A. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Acuna, Erika Hunt, George L., Jr. TI Rise and fall of jellyfish in the eastern Bering Sea in relation to climate regime shifts SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Climater Variability and Ecosystem Impacts on the North Pacific - A Basin-Scale Synthesis CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP PICES, GLOBEC Int DE Scyphomedusae; ecosystems; biophysical conditions; zooplankton; walleye pollock; climate change; global warming; ice; North Pacific Ocean ID IN-SITU OBSERVATIONS; NORTH-SEA; GELATINOUS ZOOPLANKTON; AURELIA-LABIATA; BLACK-SEA; ECOSYSTEM; SCYPHOZOA; PACIFIC; OCEAN; INCREASES AB A steep increase in jellyfish biomass, primarily Chrysaora melanaster, over the eastern Bering Sea shelf was documented throughout the 1990s. Their biomass peaked in summer 2000 and then declined precipitously, stabilizing at a moderate level after 2001. The onsets of the outburst and decline coincided with transitions between climatic regimes. Specifically, 1989 marked the beginning of a period of moderate temperatures in the eastern Bering Sea, after the warm conditions of the late 19705, through the 1980s. Very warm conditions came to the eastern Bering after 2000, as evidenced by decreased ice cover in winter and increased total heat content and surface water temperatures in summer. We examined the relationships between jellyfish biomass and temperature, ice cover, atmospheric variables, current patterns, zooplankton biomass, and associated fish biomass in two regions of the Middle Shelf Domain (SE and NW) by use of Generalized Additive Models (GAM). We found density-dependent interactions within and between jellyfish biomass in the two regions related to the flow regime, and demonstrated a linkage between biophysical indices and jellyfish biomass. In particular, ice cover (SE and NW), sea-surface temperature in spring (SE) and summer (NW), and wind mixing (SE) all influenced jellyfish biomass. In addition, the importance of juvenile pollock biomass (SE) and zooplankton biomass (NW) suggest that jellyfish biomass was sensitive to the availability of prey. Since most climate models suggest continued warming is likely in the Bering Sea, the jellyfish populations may remain at moderate levels there but will likely shift northward into the Arctic Ocean. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Brodeur, Richard D.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Decker, Mary Beth] Yale Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, New Haven, CT 06520 USA. [Ciannelli, Lorenzo] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Purcell, Jennifer E.] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Acuna, Erika] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Rick.Brodeur@noaa.gov RI Purcell, Jennifer/E-9991-2011; OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 NR 50 TC 92 Z9 98 U1 6 U2 84 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2-3 BP 103 EP 111 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.03.017 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 317KE UT WOS:000257018000003 ER PT J AU Yoo, S Batchelder, HP Peterson, WT Sydeman, WJ AF Yoo, Sinjae Batchelder, Harold P. Peterson, William T. Sydeman, William J. TI Seasonal, interannual and event scale variation in North Pacific ecosystems SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Climater Variability and Ecosystem Impacts on the North Pacific - A Basin-Scale Synthesis CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP PICES, GLOBEC Int DE North Pacific; Phytoplankton; zooplankton biomass; seasonal cycle; interannual variation; event scale impacts ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; CENTRAL OREGON COAST; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; BERING-SEA; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOM; ZOOPLANKTON BIOMASS; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; SURVIVAL RATES; OCEAN-COLOR AB We synthesize information on changes in ecosystems of the North Pacific at seasonal, interannual, and event time scales. Three approaches are used to cope with inadequate temporal, spatial and trophic resolution in generating this synthesis. First, we use highly spatially and temporally resolved data on physical forcing and chlorophyll (SeaWiFS data from 1998 to 2005) to describe basin-wide spatial patterns and seasonal to interannual time scales. The second approach is to compare time series of zooplankton at selected spatial sites at which sampling resolution is sufficient to describe seasonal biomass/abundance patterns, and where multiple years of data exist to examine interannual variability. The third approach is to infer trophic relationships, and broaden the first two approaches to higher trophic levels, by examining the impacts of several event scale phenomena on many trophic levels, but only over a rather limited geographic region. The 8 years of satellite chlorophyll data clearly show that interannually persistent seasonal patterns exist in most regions in the North Pacific, even in the tropical waters. From frequency analysis (Lomb periodograms), the annual cycle was the strongest in most regions, but in the tropics and eastern boundary current regions, periods greater than 1 year were significant. In mid- to high-latitude regions, periods of less than 1 year were also significant in addition to the annual period indicating double peaks with varying intervals. Seasonal progression of the timing of annual peak chlorophyll concentration in the North Pacific showed a different pattern compared with the Atlantic or Indian Ocean, largely due to the presence of the subarctic high nutrient-low chlorophyll (HNLC) and equatorial upwelling regions, which had later phytoplankton blooms than would have been predicted based on a simple equatorial to pole progression of bloom timing. Seasonal cycles in zooplankton were more or less synchronized (concomitant with or slightly lagged) with those of phytoplankton with a few exceptions. Exceptions occur in the Eastern Subarctic Gyre where annual peaks of chlorophyll occur in autumn, after the peak in zooplankton biomass. Interannual variation of annually averaged chlorophyll in 30 regions show three patterns, one positively related to El Nino, one negatively related to El Nino, and one with longer-scale variation, possibly related to climate regimes. Nine regions did not match any of the three patterns. Interannual variation in zooplankton abundance/biomass from selected regions indicates that El Nino may be the major source of interannual variability with its effects modulated by longer-scale variation, such as by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Two well-documented environmental events in the Northern California Current, in 2002 and 2005, exemplify how short-term disruption in atmospheric forcing causes changes in ocean hydrography and circulation that has significant impacts on primary production and ripple effects throughout multiple trophic levels of the ecosystem. We conclude that a closer look at the data often yields interesting results that might not necessarily be gained by considering the broad generalizations. Specifically, we observe that short-term disruptions of the ecosystem at the primary producer level may impact higher trophic levels in nonlinear ways that lead to unpredictable impacts when one considers the entire food chain. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoo, Sinjae] Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Ansan 425170, South Korea. [Batchelder, Harold P.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Peterson, William T.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Sydeman, William J.] PRBO Conservat Sci, Marine Ecol Div, Stinson Beach, CA 94970 USA. RP Yoo, S (reprint author), Korea Ocean Res & Dev Inst, Sa Dong 1270, Ansan 425170, South Korea. EM sjyoo@kordi.re.kr RI Yoo, Sinjae/B-5346-2011 NR 110 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2-3 BP 155 EP 181 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.03.013 PG 27 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 317KE UT WOS:000257018000007 ER PT J AU Kline, TC Boldt, JL Farley, EV Haldorson, LJ Helle, JH AF Kline, Thomas C., Jr. Boldt, Jennifer L. Farley, Edward V., Jr. Haldorson, Lewis J. Helle, John H. TI Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) marine survival rates reflect early marine carbon source dependency SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Climate Variability and Ecosystem Impacts on the North Pacific - A Basin-Scale Synthesis CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP PICES, GLOBEC Int DE pink salmon; Oncorhynchus gorbuscha; stable isotopes; C-13/C-12; marine survival; recruitment; zooplankton; Neocalanus; Gulf of Alaska; Prince William Sound; Alaska; sub-Arctic Pacific Ocean ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; FOOD-WEB; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; ALASKA SHELF; GULF; FRACTIONATION; VARIABILITY; MORTALITY; C-13/C-12; N-15/N-14 AB Marine survival rate (the number of adult salmon returning divided by the number of salmon fry released) of pink salmon runs propagated by Prince William Sound, Alaska (PWS) salmon hatcheries is highly variable resulting in large year-to-year run size variation, which ranged from similar to 20 to similar to 50 million during 1998-2004. Marine survival rate was hypothesized to be determined during their early marine life stage, a time period corresponding to the first growing season after entering the marine environment while they are still in coastal waters. Based on the predictable relationships of C-13/C-12 ratios in food webs and the existence of regional C-13/C-12 gradients in organic carbon, C-13/C-12 ratios of early marine pink salmon were measured to test whether marine survival rate was related to food web processes. Year-to-year variation in marine survival rate was inversely correlated to C-13/C-12 ratios of early marine pink salmon, but with differences among hatcheries. The weakest relationship was for pink salmon from the hatchery without historic co-variation of marine survival rate with other PWS hatcheries or wild stocks. Year-toyear variation in C-13/C-12 ratio of early marine stage pink salmon in combination with regional spatial gradients of C-13/C-12 ratio measured in zooplankton suggested that marine survival was driven by carbon subsidies of oceanic origin (i.e., oceanic zooplankton). The 2001 pink salmon cohort had C-13/C-12 ratios that were very similar to those found for PWS carbon, i.e., when oceanic subsidies were inferred to be nil, and had the lowest marine survival rate (2.6%). Conversely, the 2002 cohort had the highest marine survival (9.7%) and the lowest mean C-13/C-12 ratio. These isotope patterns are consistent with hypotheses that oceanic zooplankton subsidies benefit salmon as food subsidies, or as alternate prey for salmon predators. Oceanic subsidies are manifestations of significant exchange of material between PWS and the Gulf of Alaska. Given that previously observed inter-decadal cycles of oceanic zooplankton abundance were climatically driven, exchange between PWS and the Gulf of Alaska may be an important process for effecting synoptic changes in marine populations of higher trophic levels, and thus an important consideration for climate-change models and scenarios. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Kline, Thomas C., Jr.] Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. [Boldt, Jennifer L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Farley, Edward V., Jr.; Helle, John H.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Auke Bay, AK 99821 USA. [Haldorson, Lewis J.] Univ Alaska, Div Fisheries, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Kline, TC (reprint author), Prince William Sound Sci Ctr, Cordova, AK 99574 USA. EM tkline@pwssc.gen.ak.us NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2-3 BP 194 EP 202 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.03.006 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 317KE UT WOS:000257018000009 ER PT J AU Polovina, JJ Chai, F Howell, EA Kobayashi, DR Shi, L Chao, Y AF Polovina, Jeffrey J. Chai, Fei Howell, Evan A. Kobayashi, Donald R. Shi, Lei Chao, Yi TI Ecosystem dynamics at a productivity gradient: A study of the lower trophic dynamics around the northern atolls in the Hawaiian Archipelago SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Climater Variability and Ecosystem Impacts on the North Pacific - A Basin-Scale Synthesis CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP PICES, GLOBEC Int ID PHYSICAL-BIOLOGICAL MODEL; PACIFIC UPWELLING SYSTEM; ZONE CHLOROPHYLL FRONT; OCEANIC MODEL; SURFACE; COORDINATE; CYCLE AB Application of a lower trophic ecosystem model coupled with an ocean circulation model allows us to derive a time series of estimated plankton biomass for waters around Kure Atoll, Pearl & Hermes Atoll and Midway Islands, over the period 1964-2006. This time series shows considerable interannual and decadal variation in productivity, and changes in recent years that are coherent with observed changes at higher trophic levels. Further the model results show that the change in productivity can be viewed from the perspective that the atolls, at the northern edge of the subtropical gyre, are situated at a strong physical, chemical and biological gradient. The gradient moves north and south seasonally and interannually resulting in changes in lower trophic level productivity around the atolls fixed in position. Variation in biome boundaries or gradients may be a key factor in ecosystem dynamics in many ecosystems located near such boundaries. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Polovina, Jeffrey J.; Howell, Evan A.; Kobayashi, Donald R.] NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Chai, Fei; Shi, Lei] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Chao, Yi] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Polovina, JJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM jeffrey.polovina@noaa.gov OI Howell, Evan/0000-0001-9904-4633 NR 21 TC 20 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2-3 BP 217 EP 224 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.03.011 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 317KE UT WOS:000257018000011 ER PT J AU Hay, DE Rose, KA Schweigert, J Megrey, BA AF Hay, D. E. Rose, K. A. Schweigert, J. Megrey, B. A. TI Geographic variation in North Pacific herring populations: Pan-Pacific comparisons and implications for climate change impacts SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Climater Variability and Ecosystem Impacts on the North Pacific - A Basin-Scale Synthesis CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP PICES, GLOBEC Int DE Pacific; herring; size-at-age; growth; recruitment; variation ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; CLUPEA-PALLASI; VARIABILITY; ABUNDANCE; STOCK AB We review age-specific growth, recruitment, and population diversity of herring (Clupea pallasi) in the North Pacific. Eastern Pacific herring are smaller, grow slower, and reach a lower asymptotic weight (W-infinity) than western Pacific herring. in the eastern Pacific, there are latitudinal differences in size but this variation is slight compared to east-west differences. The east-west growth differences match geographic patterns of genetic variation between eastern and western Pacific herring described in earlier reports. Both the genetic studies and the growth variation show that virtually all western Pacific herring populations, including those in the Bering Sea, cluster in one group, and all eastern Pacific herring, from cluster in a second group. Population diversity, estimated as the number the Gulf of Alaska to California, of separate populations per degree of latitude, is highest in the mid-ranges (latitudes) of herring distribution but the available supporting data are limited. Recruitment variation, examined by comparing the coefficient of recruitment variation for nine eastern Pacific herring populations, was highest in the Gulf of Alaska and lowest in southern populations. We suggest that the broad geographic differences in herring populations are adaptive, evolving in response to local prey resources, competitive and climate regimes. If so, examination of these differences can provide insight about potential effects of future climate change. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hay, D. E.; Schweigert, J.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. [Rose, K. A.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Megrey, B. A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hay, DE (reprint author), Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9R 5K6, Canada. EM hay.doug@shaw.ca NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 2 U2 17 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2-3 BP 233 EP 240 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.03.015 PG 8 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 317KE UT WOS:000257018000013 ER PT J AU Yatsu, A Aydin, KY King, JR McFarlane, GA Chiba, S Tadokoro, K Kaeriyama, M Watanabe, Y AF Yatsu, A. Aydin, K. Y. King, J. R. McFarlane, G. A. Chiba, S. Tadokoro, K. Kaeriyama, M. Watanabe, Y. TI Elucidating dynamic responses of North Pacific fish populations to climatic forcing: Influence of life-history strategy SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Climate Variability and Ecosystem Impacts on the North Pacific - A Basin-Scale Synthesis CY APR 19-21, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP PICES, GLOBEC Int DE regime shift; zooplankton; fishes; life-history strategy; population dynamics; mechanistic models; Kuroshio/Oyashio; Okhotsk sea; Bering Sea; Gulf of Alaska; California ID SABLEFISH ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; SARDINE SARDINOPS-MELANOSTICTUS; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; JAPANESE SARDINE; WALLEYE POLLOCK; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; REGIME SHIFTS; BERING SEA; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA AB In order to explore mechanistic linkages between low-frequency ocean/climate variability, and fish population responses, we undertook comparative studies of time-series of recruitment-related productivity and the biomass levels of fish stocks representing five life-history strategies in the northern North Pacific between the 1950s and the present. We selected seven species: Japanese sardine (Sardinopus melanostictus) and California sardine (Sardinopus sagax) (opportunistic strategists), walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma, intermediate strategist), pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, salmonic strategist), sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria) and Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) (periodic strategists) and spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias, equilibrium strategist). The responses in terms of productivity of sardine, pink salmon, sablefish and halibut to climatic regime shifts were generally immediate, delayed, or no substantial responses depending on the particular regime shift year and fish stock (population). In walleye pollock, there were some periods of high productivity and low productivity, but not coincidental to climatic regime shifts, likely due to indirect climate forcing impacts on both bottom-up and top-down processes. Biomass of zooplankton and all fish stocks examined, except for spiny dogfish whose data were limited, indicated a decadal pattern with the most gradual changes in periodic strategists and most intensive and rapid changes in opportunistic strategists. Responses of sardine productivity to regime shifts were the most intense, probably due to the absence of density-dependent effects and the availability of refuges from predators when sardine biomass was extremely low. Spiny dogfish were least affected by environmental variability. Conversely, spiny dogfish are likely to withstand only modest harvest rates due to their very low intrinsic rate of increase. Thus, each life-history strategy type had a unique response to climatic forcing, owing to their inherent biological traits such as mode, frequency and intensity of reproduction, early life style, age of maturity and longevity. On the other hand, responses of different stocks within a species to climatic regime shifts were unique to each local region, because large-scale climatic forcings are modulated by local physical, chemical and biological processes. The observed response time or absence of response in recruitment-related fish productivity to climatic regime shifts may be influenced by (1) local environmental conditions (immediate, with a delay or no effects), (2) phenological shifts in zooplankton life-history (immediate or with a delay), and (3) stochastic episodic events in both top-down and bottom-up processes (immediate, with a delay or no effects). (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yatsu, A.] Hokkaido Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Kushiro, Hokkaido 0850802, Japan. [Aydin, K. Y.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [King, J. R.; McFarlane, G. A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Pacific Biol Stn, Nanaimo, BC V9T 6N7, Canada. [Chiba, S.] JAMSTEC, Ecosyst Change Res Program, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Tadokoro, K.] Tohoku Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Shinhama, Shiogama 9850001, Japan. [Kaeriyama, M.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Fisheries Sci, Hakodate, Hokkaido 0418611, Japan. [Watanabe, Y.] Univ Tokyo, Ocean Res Inst, Nakano Ku, Tokyo 1648639, Japan. RP Yatsu, A (reprint author), Fisheries Res Agcy, Seikai Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Taira Machi, Nagasaki 851213, Japan. EM yatsua@fra.affrc.go.jp; Kerim.Aydin@noaa.gov; KingJac@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca; mcfarlanes@pac.dfo-mpo.gc.ca; chibas@jamstec.go.jp; den@affrc.go.jp; salmon@fish.hokudai.ac.jp; ywatanab@ori.u-tokyo.ac.jp RI Kaeriyama, Masahide/A-8500-2012 NR 84 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 25 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD MAY-JUN PY 2008 VL 77 IS 2-3 BP 252 EP 268 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.03.009 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 317KE UT WOS:000257018000015 ER PT J AU Hardegree, SP Van Vactor, SS Levinson, DH Winstra, AH AF Hardegree, Stuart P. Van Vactor, Steven S. Levinson, David H. Winstral, Adam H. TI Evaluation of NEXRAD radar precipitation products for natural resource applications SO RANGELAND ECOLOGY & MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE Doppler radar; meteorology; precipitation; watershed management; WSR-88D ID REAL-TIME ESTIMATION; US WEATHER SERVICES; RAIN-GAUGE DATA; COMPLEX TERRAIN; PART I; OPERATIONAL USE; UNITED-STATES; FLASH-FLOOD; WSR-88D; REFLECTIVITY AB Timing and amount of precipitation are principal drivers of most rangeland processes, but the availability of rainfall-gauge data over extensive rangelands, particularly in the western United States, is limited. The National Weather Service (NWS), Department of Defense, and Federal Aviation Administration operate a network of Doppler radar stations that produce hourly rainfall estimates, at approximately 16-km(2) resolution, with nominal coverage of 96% of the conterminous United States. Internal utilization of these data by the three agencies is primarily for the detection and modeling of extreme weather events. The usefulness of these data for external hydrologic and natural resource applications is limited by a lack of tools for decoding and georeferencing digital precipitation data products. We modified NWS source code to produce decoding and georeferencing tools and used them to evaluate radar precipitation data for the Boise (CBX) radar relative to gauges in the Snake River Plain of southwestern Idaho for the period January 1998 to May 2004. The relationship between radar and gauge precipitation estimates changed after a revision of radar-processing protocols in 2002 and 2003. Cumulative radar precipitation estimates made prior to November 2002 underestimated gauge readings by 50%-60%. Subsequent radar data overestimated cumulative gauge precipitation by 20%-40%. The radar, however, detected precipitation during significantly fewer hours than were detected by the gauge network both before and after programming changes. Additional modification of NWS precipitation-processing procedures might improve accessibility and utility of these data for rangeland management and natural resource modeling applications. Currently available data can still be very useful for estimating high-intensity events that greatly affect processes such as soil erosion and flooding. C1 [Hardegree, Stuart P.] USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Van Vactor, Steven S.; Winstral, Adam H.] USDA ARS, NWRC, Boise, ID 83712 USA. [Levinson, David H.] Natl Climate Data Ctr, NOAA, NESDIS, Climate Monitoring Branch, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. RP Hardegree, SP (reprint author), USDA ARS, NW Watershed Res Ctr, 800 Pk Blvd,Suite 105, Boise, ID 83712 USA. EM stuart.hardegree@ars.usda.gov NR 61 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU SOC RANGE MANAGEMENT PI LAKEWOOD PA 445 UNION BLVD, STE 230, LAKEWOOD, CO 80228-1259 USA SN 1550-7424 J9 RANGELAND ECOL MANAG JI Rangel. Ecol. Manag. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 61 IS 3 BP 346 EP 353 DI 10.2111/07-036.1 PG 8 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 303LO UT WOS:000256042200012 ER PT J AU Bass, CD AF Bass, Christopher D. TI A demountable nonmagnetic multiconductor feedthrough suitable for use in liquid helium applications SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID INSTRUMENT MATERIALS AB A superfluid-helium-tight nonmagnetic electrical feedthrough has been developed by using brass pins embedded within an epoxy resin plug and mounted on a beryllium copper Conflat flange. A method for building these feedthroughs is discussed, and their performance history is described. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Bass, Christopher D.] Indiana Univ, Dept Phys, Bloomington, IN 47405 USA. RP Bass, CD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 79 IS 5 AR 055101 DI 10.1063/1.2917876 PG 2 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 307FS UT WOS:000256305400033 PM 18513086 ER PT J AU Menza, C Kendall, M Hile, S AF Menza, C. Kendall, M. Hile, S. TI The deeper we go the less we know SO REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL LA English DT Article CT 33rd Scientific Conference of the Association-of-Marine-Laboratories-of-the-Caribbean CY JUN 04-08, 2007 CL Univ Virgin Isl, St Thomas, VI SP Assoc Marine Lab Caribbean HO Univ Virgin Isl DE Coral Reefs; Deep; Bias; Remotely Operated Vehicles; US Virgin Islands ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; US VIRGIN-ISLANDS; BALANOPHYLLIA-EUROPAEA SCLERACTINIA; NORTHERN RED-SEA; CORAL-REEFS; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FLORIDA-KEYS; BUILDING CORALS; WATER-FLOW; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION AB The relatively recent and well-documented decline of coral cover among reefs around the world has stimulated numerous publications on coral reef ecology and in particular coral reef mortality. These studies have predominantly collected data from nearshore, shallow coral reefs. This concentration on shallow sites provides an incomplete and biased view of coral reefs because many reefs lie entirely or partially below this depth. In this report we quantified the bias of coral reef literature towards shallow reefs using a scientific literature survey. In addition, a case study based on data collected from a range of depths and distances from shore in the US Virgin Islands demonstrates that the deepest reefs farthest from shore have the highest live coral cover. Taken together, these data suggest that reefs with the most live coral cover are also the least studied. Rev. Biol. Trop. 56 (Suppl. 1): 11-24. Epub 2008 May 30. C1 [Menza, C.; Kendall, M.; Hile, S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Menza, C (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Biogeog Branch, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM charles.menza@noaa.gov NR 132 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 15 PU REVISTA DE BIOLOGIA TROPICAL PI SAN JOSE PA UNIVERSIDAD DE COSTA RICA CIUDAD UNIVERSITARIA, SAN JOSE, COSTA RICA SN 0034-7744 J9 REV BIOL TROP JI Rev. Biol. Trop. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 56 BP 11 EP 24 PG 14 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 453VY UT WOS:000266642200002 ER PT J AU Zhou, T Yi, CX Peter, SB Zhu, L AF Zhou Tao Yi ChuiXiang Peter S. Bakwin Zhu Li TI Links between global CO(2) variability and climate anomalies of biomes SO SCIENCE IN CHINA SERIES D-EARTH SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE biomes; carbon cycle; climate anomaly; NDVI; El Nino ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LAND-USE; ECOSYSTEMS; MODELS; FLUXES; AMAZON; FOREST; TEMPERATURE; MECHANISMS AB The global rate of fossil fuel combustion continues to rise, but the amount of CO(2) accumulating in the atmosphere has not increased accordingly. The causes for this discrepancy are widely debated. Particularly, the location and drivers for the interannual variability of atmospheric CO(2) are highly uncertain. Here we examine links between global atmospheric CO(2) growth rate (CGR) and the climate anomalies of biomes based on (1986-1995) global climate data of ten years and accompanying satellite data sets. Our results show that four biomes, the tropical rainforest, tropical savanna, C(4) grassland and boreal forest, and their responses to climate anomalies, are the major climate-sensitive CO(2) sinks/sources that control the CGR. The nature and magnitude by which these biomes respond to climate anomalies are generally not the same. However, one common influence did emerge from our analysis; the extremely high CGR observed for the one extreme El Nino year was caused by the response of the tropical biomes (rainforest, savanna and C(4) grassland) to temperature. C1 [Zhou Tao] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Zhou Tao] Beijing Normal Univ, Coll Resources Sci & Technol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Yi ChuiXiang] CUNY Queens Coll, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Flushing, NY 11367 USA. [Peter S. Bakwin] NOAA, Climate Monitoring & Diagnost Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Zhu Li] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Epidemiol & Biostat, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zhou, T (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM tzhou@bnu.edu.cn RI li, dongsheng/B-2285-2012; Yi, Chuixiang/A-1388-2013 NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 1006-9313 J9 SCI CHINA SER D JI Sci. China Ser. D-Earth Sci. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 51 IS 5 BP 740 EP 747 DI 10.1007/s11430-008-0024-5 PG 8 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 290ID UT WOS:000255115600011 ER PT J AU Crout, RL Burnett, WH AF Crout, Richard L. Burnett, William H. TI NOAA's National Data Buoy Center Data Assembly Center SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Crout, Richard L.; Burnett, William H.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Crout, RL (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 49 IS 5 BP 10 EP 13 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 303ME UT WOS:000256043800002 ER PT J AU Yang, TC Yang, WB AF Yang, T. C. Yang, Wen-Bin TI Low signal-to-noise ratio underwater acoustic communications SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Yang, T. C.] USN, Res Lab, Signal Proc Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yang, Wen-Bin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Signal Proc Branch, Washington, DC 20375 USA. NR 1 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 5 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 49 IS 5 BP 31 EP + PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 303ME UT WOS:000256043800006 ER PT J AU Li, XF Zheng, WZ Zou, CZ Pichel, WG AF Li, Xiaofeng Zheng, Weizhong Zou, Cheng-Zhi Pichel, William G. TI A SAR observation and numerical study on ocean surface imprints of Atmospheric Vortex Streets SO SENSORS LA English DT Article DE remote sensing; ocean; SAR; RADARSAT; MODIS; AVS; NOGAPS ID WAKE; ISLANDS AB The sea surface imprints of Atmospheric Vortex Street (AVS) off Aleutian Volcanic Islands, Alaska were observed in two RADARSAT-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images separated by about 11 hours. In both images, three pairs of distinctive vortices shedding in the lee side of two volcanic mountains can be clearly seen. The length and width of the vortex street are about 60-70 km and 20 km, respectively. Although the AVS's in the two SAR images have similar shapes, the structure of vortices within the AVS is highly asymmetrical. The sea surface wind speed is estimated from the SAR images with wind direction input from Navy NOGAPS model. In this paper we present a complete MM5 model simulation of the observed AVS. The surface wind simulated from the MM5 model is in good agreement with SAR-derived wind. The vortex shedding rate calculated from the model run is about 1 hour and 50 minutes. Other basic characteristics of the AVS including propagation speed of the vortex, Strouhal and Reynolds numbers favorable for AVS generation are also derived. The wind associated with AVS modifies the cloud structure in the marine atmospheric boundary layer. The AVS cloud pattern is also observed on a MODIS visible band image taken between the two RADARSAT SAR images. An ENVISAT advance SAR image taken 4 hours after the second RADARSAT SAR image shows that the AVS has almost vanished. C1 [Li, Xiaofeng] NOAA, NESDIS E RA3, WWBG, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Zheng, Weizhong] NOAA, NCEP, EMC, Camp Springs, MD 20706 USA. [Zou, Cheng-Zhi; Pichel, William G.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Li, XF (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS E RA3, WWBG, IMSG, Room 102,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Xiaofeng.Li@noaa.gov RI Zou, Cheng-Zhi/E-3085-2010; Pichel, William/F-5619-2010; Li, Xiaofeng/B-6524-2008 OI Pichel, William/0000-0001-6332-0149; Li, Xiaofeng/0000-0001-7038-5119 NR 21 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 6 PU MDPI AG PI BASEL PA POSTFACH, CH-4005 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1424-8220 J9 SENSORS-BASEL JI Sensors PD MAY PY 2008 VL 8 IS 5 BP 3321 EP 3334 DI 10.3390/s8053321 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 320PZ UT WOS:000257248800024 PM 27879880 ER PT J AU Emmett, RL Krutzikowsky, GK AF Emmett, Robert L. Krutzikowsky, Gregory K. TI Nocturnal feeding of Pacific hake and jack mackerel off the mouth of the Columbia River, 1998-2004: Implications for juvenile salmon predation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-WEST COAST; MERLUCCIUS-PRODUCTUS; VANCOUVER-ISLAND; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; CALIFORNIA CURRENT; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; HORSE MACKEREL; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB Predation by piscivorous marine fishes has been hypothesized to be a primary source of marine mortality for Pacific Northwest juvenile salmon. During the springs and summers of 1998-2004, we collected predator and prey fishes (forage and juvenile salmonids) at the surface at night off the mouth of the Columbia River. Pacific hake Merluccius productus had relatively low percentages of empty stomachs during cool-ocean years (2000 through 2002) and high percentages during 1998, a warm-ocean year. Euphausiids and fishes were the most commonly eaten prey for both species. Pacific hake and jack mackerel Trachurus symmetricus appeared to show some diet selectivity, eating some fish, including salmonids, in a higher proportion than found in the environment. Both Pacific hake and jack mackerel ate juvenile salmonids, but at very low amounts. After considering population sizes in the study area, these two predators do not appear to be responsible for the death of large numbers of Columbia River juvenile salmon smolts. However, we may have underestimated the number of salmonids eaten by hake and mackerel due to the limitations of our study. More work needs to be done to identify and quantify predation of juvenile salmon off the Pacific Northwest. C1 [Emmett, Robert L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Krutzikowsky, Gregory K.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resource Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Emmett, RL (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM robert.emmett@noaa.gov NR 81 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 137 IS 3 BP 657 EP 676 DI 10.1577/T06-058.1 PG 20 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 306ZU UT WOS:000256288000001 ER PT J AU De Robertis, A Williams, K AF De Robertis, Alex Williams, Kresimir TI Weight-length relationships in fisheries studies: The standard allometric model should be applied with caution SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID CONDITION INDEXES; BODY CONDITION; REGRESSION; FISH; BIAS AB The standard allometric weight-length relationship W = aL(b) is widely used in fisheries science to estimate the weight of fish of known length and to compute body condition indices. This relationship is used in abundance surveys such as acoustic surveys to convert abundance at length into estimates of population biomass. Although fitting this relationship to weight-length data over a broad range of body sizes is common practice, the fit of this relationship often does not receive careful scrutiny. We explored the fit of the allometric model as well as alternative weight-length relationships to data from acoustic surveys of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma from the North Pacific and found a subtle but persistent lack of fit for the allometric relationship, particularly for the largest and smallest fish in the population. This lack of fit results in biased estimates of population biomass. Analysis of weight-length measurements of 10 additional species indicates that these biases are not restricted to walleye pollock; indeed, the lack of fit of the allometric weight-length relationship is likely to be a general concern. Our results suggest that the allometric relationship should not be applied to generate weight-length relations over a broad range of body sizes without careful examination of the potential consequences. In some applications, such as the walleye pollock surveys examined here, use of alternative, less biased, methods to estimate mean weight at length will be beneficial. Such methods include fitting the allometric relationship in a piecewise fashion over restricted size or age intervals and simply computing the mean weight at length. In applications with spawning fish, incorporating the maturity state in weight-length prediction methods is likely to further improve predictions of weight at length. C1 [De Robertis, Alex; Williams, Kresimir] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP De Robertis, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alex.derobertis@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 137 IS 3 BP 707 EP 719 DI 10.1577/T07-124.1 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 306ZU UT WOS:000256288000005 ER PT J AU Anderson, JH Kiffney, PM Pess, GR Quinn, TP AF Anderson, Joseph H. Kiffney, Peter M. Pess, George R. Quinn, Thomas P. TI Summer distribution and growth of juvenile coho salmon during colonization of newly accessible habitat SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; CARNATION CREEK; ANADROMOUS SALMONIDS; STEELHEAD TROUT; CUTTHROAT TROUT; DRAINAGE-BASIN; FRASER-RIVER AB Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp. are capable of exploiting vacant habitat, but most research has focused on straying and colonization by adults. However, dispersal of juveniles of stream-rearing species, such as coho salmon O. kisutch, may also be an important component of colonization. Installation of fish passage structures on the Cedar River, Washington, and subsequent adult migration into the newly accessible habitat provided a rare opportunity to investigate colonization as coho salmon regained access to 33 kin of habitat from which they had been excluded for more than a century. In this study, we describe the spatial distribution and growth patterns of the first two generations of juvenile coho salmon produced in the new habitat. Snorkel surveys in the Cedar River revealed patchy distributions of juvenile coho salmon that largely matched the distribution of adults spawning the previous fall, and higher densities occurred in lower reaches (i.e., those not far upstream from the dam). However, sequential surveys indicated that juveniles entered and moved upstream within a Cedar River tributary, Rock Creek, where few, if any, adults spawned. Juveniles captured in the Cedar River were similar in size to those in Rock Creek, but sizes differed between years and larger fish tended to occur farther upriver. We found no evidence for density-dependent growth; there was no relationship between fish size and local density in either main-stem or tributary habitat. Abundance estimates suggest that relatively few juvenile coho salmon dispersed long distances into reaches neglected by spawning adults. We were unable to find any clear evidence that juvenile dispersal would increase the number of adults returning in the next generation, but such movements could accelerate the spatial expansion of the colonizing population in philopatric species like coho salmon. C1 [Anderson, Joseph H.; Quinn, Thomas P.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kiffney, Peter M.; Pess, George R.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. RP Anderson, JH (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM joeander@u.washington.edu NR 49 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 137 IS 3 BP 772 EP 781 DI 10.1577/T07-013.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 306ZU UT WOS:000256288000010 ER PT J AU Hamel, OS Piner, KR Wallace, JR AF Hamel, Owen S. Piner, Kevin R. Wallace, John R. TI Robust deterministic model describing the bomb radiocarbon signal for use in fish age validation SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SEBASTES-PAUCISPINIS; PRE-BOMB; OTOLITHS; CHRONOMETER; ACCURACY AB The bomb radiocarbon chronometer has become a standard tool for assessing the accuracy of otolith-based fish age estimates. Use of the chronometer depends upon the increase in C-14 that occurred due to the atmospheric testing of nuclear weapons in the middle of the 20th century. In previous analyses, a variety of ad hoc methods have been used to compare test chronologies with reference chronologies. This paper proposes a deterministic coupled-functions model that describes bomb radiocarbon chronologies and standardizes and facilitates comparisons within and across species. In this model, a Gaussian pulse of radiocarbon over time is assumed, and dispersion and dilution are described by continuous exponential decay. The model simplifies to the product of a cumulative normal function and an exponential function; despite its simplicity, the model approximates the observed changes in oceanic radiocarbon quite well. It also allows for statistical testing of the timing of increase between different time series and thus permits quantitative aging validation as well as analysis of geographical differences in the timing of the bomb radiocarbon signal. Estimated model parameters describe the timing of the onset and temporal midpoint of the bomb-related increase in C-14 and the rate of C-14 dispersion or dilution, which corresponds to the observed rate of decline during the postbomb period. Nine published chronologies are used to demonstrate the model and compare it with other published methods of summarizing bomb radiocarbon data for age validation purposes. C1 [Hamel, Owen S.; Wallace, John R.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. [Piner, Kevin R.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Hamel, OS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Natori, Miyagi 98112, Japan. EM owen.hamel@noaa.gov OI Hamel, Owen/0000-0002-6024-7211 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 137 IS 3 BP 852 EP 859 DI 10.1577/T07-144.1 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 306ZU UT WOS:000256288000018 ER PT J AU Weitkamp, LA AF Weitkamp, Laurie A. TI Buoyancy regulation by hatchery and wild coho salmon during the transition from freshwater to marine environments SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PARR-SMOLT TRANSFORMATION; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; PASSIVE INTEGRATED TRANSPONDERS; GAS SUPERSATURATED WATER; JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER ESTUARY; CHINOOK SALMON; VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES; SWIMBLADDER VOLUME AB One aspect of diadromy that has received little attention is buoyancy regulation in fish moving between freshwater and marine environments. Because of density differences between the two water types, fish must alter their whole-fish density (WFD) or they will become positively (float) or negatively (sink) buoyant as they change environments. This idea was first suggested over 80 year ago but has been largely overlooked by the scientific community. To explore how fish regulate buoyancy during this important transition, I measured WFD and lipid levels and estimated swim bladder volumes (SBVs) of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch collected from freshwater and marine environments. These fish exhibited increased WFD with increasingly dense environments, suggesting active buoyancy regulation. Most of the WFD increase was attributable to decreases in SBV, although hatchery coho salmon also exhibited decreased lipid levels with increasing WFD. Hatchery coho salmon had significantly higher lipid levels than wild coho salmon in both freshwater and marine environments. These high lipid levels may impede the ability of hatchery fish to regulate buoyancy and may increase their vulnerability to surface predators. Furthermore, lipid levels that vary with both environmental water density and fish origin clearly complicate the interpretation of this variable during the important transition from freshwater to the ocean. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport Res Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Weitkamp, LA (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport Res Stn, 2032 SE OSU Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM laurie.weitkamp@noaa.gov NR 70 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD MAY PY 2008 VL 137 IS 3 BP 860 EP 868 DI 10.1577/T07-081.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 306ZU UT WOS:000256288000019 ER PT J AU Ouali, A Chaabane, M Maalej, A Hannachi, A Fuccello, A AF Ouali, Anmar Chaabane, Mabrouk Maalej, Ahmed Hannachi, Abdelwaheb Fuccello, Alessandro TI The Tunisian storm of 16-18 September 2003: a diagnostic study of the synoptic situation SO WEATHER LA English DT Article ID EXTRATROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; MIDLATITUDE CYCLONES; SEA; REGION C1 [Ouali, Anmar] Inst Natl Meteorol, Tunis 2035, Tunisia. [Ouali, Anmar] African Desk NOAA Sci Ctr, Washington, DC USA. [Hannachi, Abdelwaheb] Univ Reading, Reading RG6 2AH, Berks, England. [Hannachi, Abdelwaheb] King Abdul Aziz Univ, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia. [Fuccello, Alessandro] CNMCA, Rome, Italy. RP Ouali, A (reprint author), Inst Natl Meteorol, BP156, Tunis 2035, Tunisia. EM ouali@meteo.tn FU NERCs National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS),; INM FX We would like to thank two referees for their constructive comments that helped improve the manuscript, and the editor for his comments. AW thanks the INM for its support and for providing the data; AH was supported by NERCs National Centre for Atmospheric Science (NCAS), the University of Reading. NR 29 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0043-1656 J9 WEATHER JI Weather PD MAY PY 2008 VL 63 IS 5 BP 121 EP 127 DI 10.1002/wea.206 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 408DA UT WOS:000263412800009 ER PT J AU Milke, LM Bricelj, VM Parrish, CC AF Milke, Lisa M. Bricelj, V. Monica Parrish, Christopher C. TI Biochemical characterization and nutritional value of three Pavlova spp. in unialgal and mixed diets with Chaetoceros muelleri for postlarval sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Pavlova; microalgal diets; Placopecten; sea scallop; polyunsaturated fatty acids; scallop growth ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; PECTEN-MAXIMUS L.; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; EARLY ONTOGENY; ALGAL DIETS; ARGOPECTEN-IRRADIANS; CRASSADOMA-GIGANTEA; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; MICROALGAL DIETS; ROCK SCALLOP AB Low growth and survival of sea scallops, Placopecten magellanicus, are often observed during postlarval stages when they undergo a period of protracted morphogenesis and thus may be particularly susceptible to nutritional deficiencies. Diets containing flagellates from the genus Pavlova (especially Pavlova sp. CCmP 459) have proven successful for scallop rearing in previous studies. To further examine their contribution to growth performance, Pavlova sp. (CCMP 459) and Pavlova pinguis, both as unialgal diets and in combination with the diatom Chaetoceros muelleri (CHGRA), were tested as diets for postlarval (similar to 350 mu m and 1.6 mm) sea scallops in two growth trials each lasting similar to 4 weeks. The Pav 459- and R pinguis-CHGRA combination diets yielded high and comparable growth of postlarvae whereas previous work found substantial decreases in growth rate (31%) when another algal species of the same genus, Pavlova lutheri, was substituted for Pav 459 in the combination diet. In the present study a unialgal diet of R pinguis yielded growth rates 32% lower than the combination, and unialgal diets of C. muelleri consistently ranked lowest of all diets tested (54-65% lower than the combination). Algal sterol composition may influence scallop growth performance, as CHGRA contains high levels of cholesterol, also present although to a lesser extent, in Pav 459 and P pinguis. P pinguis, Pav 459, and C. muelleri are also all characterized by relatively high levels of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Pav 459 and P pinguis (in contrast to P lutheri) are characterized by high levels of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-6), and C. muelleri contains high levels of arachidonic acid (AA, 20:4n-6) which may account for the higher growth obtained on this mixed diet. Enrichment of Sigma n-6 fatty acids, as well as of the individual n-6 fatty acids AA and DPA, was observed in scallop tissues relative to the diet across dietary treatments. However, no enrichment of Sigma n-3 fatty acids was observed, which provides evidence of selective uptake, retention and/or metabolism of n-6 fatty acids. This study strongly supports the role of n-6 DPA as an essential nutrient for scallop early life history stages. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Milke, Lisa M.; Bricelj, V. Monica] Natl Res Council Canada, Inst Marine Biosci, Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada. [Parrish, Christopher C.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF A1C 5S7, Canada. RP Milke, LM (reprint author), NOAA, USDOC, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr,Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM lisa.milke@noaa.gov NR 65 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 276 IS 1-4 BP 130 EP 142 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.01.040 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 299YO UT WOS:000255791700017 ER PT J AU Green, JAM Simpson, JH Legg, S Palmer, MR AF Green, J. A. Mattias Simpson, John H. Legg, Sonya Palmer, Matthew R. TI Internal waves, baroclinic energy fluxes and mixing at the European shelf edge SO CONTINENTAL SHELF RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE internal waves; baroclinic energy fluxes; shelf edge; shelf mixing; Celtic Sea ID CORRUGATED CONTINENTAL-SLOPE; TIDE GENERATION; DISSIPATION; CURRENTS; SUMMER; MODEL; SEA AB The energy flux in internal waves generated at the Celtic Sea shelf break was estimated by (i) applying perturbation theory to a week-long dataset from a mooring at 200 m depth, and (ii) using a 2D non-hydrostatic circulation model over the shelf break. The dataset consisted of high resolution time-series of currents and vertical stratification together with two 25-h sets of vertical profiles of the dissipation of turbulent kinetic energy. The observations indicated an average energy flux of 139 W m(-1), travelling along the shelf break towards the northwest. The average energy flux across the shelf break at the mooring was only 8 W m(-1). However, the waves propagating onshelf transported up to 200 W m(-1), but they were only present 51% of the time. A comparison between the divergence of the baroclinic energy flux and observed dissipation within the seasonal thermocline at the mooring showed that the dissipation was at least one order of magnitude larger. Results from a 2D model along a transect perpendicular to the shelf break showed a time-averaged onshelf energy flux of 153-425 W m(-1), depending on the magnitude of the barotropic forcing. A divergence zone of the energy flux was found a few kilometre offshore of the location of the observations in the model results, and fluxes on the order of several kW m(-1) were present in the deep waters further offshelf from the divergence zone. The modelled fluxes exhibited qualitative agreements with the phase and hourly onshelf magnitudes of the observed energy fluxes. Both the observations and the model results show an intermittent onshelf energy flux of 100-200 W m(-1), but these waves could only propagate similar to 20-30 km onshore before dissipating. This conclusion was supported by a 25-h dataset sampled some 180 km onto the shelf, where a weak wave energy flux was found going towards the shelf break. We therefore conclude that shelf break generated internal waves are unlikely to be the main source of energy for mixing on the inner part of the shelf. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Green, J. A. Mattias; Simpson, John H.; Palmer, Matthew R.] Bangor Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Ocean Sci, Anglesey LL59 5AB, Wales. [Legg, Sonya] Princeton Univ, NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Green, JAM (reprint author), Bangor Univ, Coll Nat Sci, Sch Ocean Sci, Menai Bridge, Anglesey LL59 5AB, Wales. EM m.green@bangor.ac.uk RI Legg, Sonya/E-5995-2010; palmer, matthew/B-5375-2012; Simpson, John/B-2596-2013 NR 22 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0278-4343 J9 CONT SHELF RES JI Cont. Shelf Res. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 28 IS 7 BP 937 EP 950 DI 10.1016/j.csr.2008.01.014 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 294WN UT WOS:000255437100006 ER PT J AU Beechie, TJ Pollock, MM Baker, S AF Beechie, T. J. Pollock, M. M. Baker, S. TI Channel incision, evolution and potential recovery in the Walla Walla and Tucannon River basins, northwestern USA SO EARTH SURFACE PROCESSES AND LANDFORMS LA English DT Article DE channel incision; channel evolution; aggradation; stream restoration ID GLACIAL LAKE MISSOULA; SOUTHEASTERN AUSTRALIA; STREAM-CHANNEL; GULLY FORMATION; DRAINAGE-BASIN; WOODY DEBRIS; SEDIMENTATION; THRESHOLDS; CATCHMENT; PATTERNS AB We evaluated controls on locations of channel incision, variation in channel evolution pathways and the time required to reconnect incised channels to their historical floodplains in the Walla Walla and Ibcannon River basins, northwestern USA. Controls on incision locations are hierarchically nested. A first-order geological control defines locations of channels prone to incision, and a second-order control determines which of these channels are incised. Channels prone to incision are reaches with silt-dominated valley fills, which have sediment source areas dominated by loess deposits and channel slopes less than 0.1(area)(-0.45). Among channels prone to incision, channels below a second slope-area threshold (slope = 0-15(area)(-0.8)) did not incise. Once incised, channels follow two different evolution models. Small, deeply incised channels follow Model 1, which is characterized by the absence of a significant widening phase following incision. Widening is limited by accumulation of bank failure deposits at the base of banks, which reduces lateral channel migration. Larger channels follow Model 11, in which widening is followed by development of an inset floodplain and aggradation. In contrast to patterns observed elsewhere, we found the widest incised channels upstream of narrower reaches, which reflects a downstream decrease in bed load supply. Based on literature values of floodplain aggradation rates, we estimate recovery times for incised channels (the time required to reconnect to the historical floodplain) between 60 and 275 years. Restoation actions such as allowing modest beaver recolonization can decrease recovery time by 17-33 per cent. Published in 2007 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Beechie, T. J.; Pollock, M. M.; Baker, S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Beechie, TJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM tim.beechie@noaa.gov NR 71 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0197-9337 J9 EARTH SURF PROC LAND JI Earth Surf. Process. Landf. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 5 BP 784 EP 800 DI 10.1002/esp.1578 PG 17 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 296GT UT WOS:000255532200009 ER PT J AU Di Lorenzo, E Schneider, N Cobb, KM Franks, PJS Chhak, K Miller, AJ McWilliams, JC Bograd, SJ Arango, H Curchitser, E Powell, TM Riviere, P AF Di Lorenzo, E. Schneider, N. Cobb, K. M. Franks, P. J. S. Chhak, K. Miller, A. J. McWilliams, J. C. Bograd, S. J. Arango, H. Curchitser, E. Powell, T. M. Riviere, P. TI North Pacific Gyre Oscillation links ocean climate and ecosystem change SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT SYSTEM; VARIABILITY; SURFACE; REGIME; ZOOPLANKTON; DYNAMICS; SALMON; SHIFTS; STATE AB Decadal fluctuations in salinity, nutrients, chlorophyll, a variety of zooplankton taxa, and fish stocks in the Northeast Pacific are often poorly correlated with the most widely-used index of large- scale climate variability in the region - the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). We define a new pattern of climate change, the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) and show that its variability is significantly correlated with previously unexplained fluctuations of salinity, nutrients and chlorophyll. Fluctuations in the NPGO are driven by regional and basin-scale variations in wind-driven upwelling and horizontal advection - the fundamental processes controlling salinity and nutrient concentrations. Nutrient fluctuations drive concomitant changes in phytoplankton concentrations, and may force similar variability in higher trophic levels. The NPGO thus provides a strong indicator of fluctuations in the mechanisms driving planktonic ecosystem dynamics. The NPGO pattern extends beyond the North Pacific and is part of a global-scale mode of climate variability that is evident in global sea level trends and sea surface temperature. Therefore the amplification of the NPGO variance found in observations and in global warming simulations implies that the NPGO may play an increasingly important role in forcing global-scale decadal changes in marine ecosystems. C1 [Di Lorenzo, E.; Cobb, K. M.; Chhak, K.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Schneider, N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Schneider, N.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Oceanog, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Miller, A. J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, CASPO Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [McWilliams, J. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [McWilliams, J. C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Bograd, S. J.] NOAA, NMFS, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Arango, H.; Curchitser, E.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Powell, T. M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Integrat Biol, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Riviere, P.] IUEM Thechnopole Brest Iroise, LEMAR, F-29280 Plouzane, France. RP Di Lorenzo, E (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM edl@gatech.edu RI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/E-9107-2012 OI Di Lorenzo, Emanuele/0000-0002-1935-7363 NR 28 TC 350 Z9 355 U1 6 U2 133 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 8 AR L08607 DI 10.1029/2007GL032838 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 297BW UT WOS:000255593100001 ER PT J AU Fiore, AM West, JJ Horowitz, LW Naik, V Schwarzkopf, MD AF Fiore, Arlene M. West, J. Jason Horowitz, Larry W. Naik, Vaishali Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel TI Characterizing the tropospheric ozone response to methane emission controls and the benefits to climate and air quality SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; ATMOSPHERIC CHEMISTRY; NORTH-AMERICA; SURFACE OZONE; POLLUTION; IMPACT; SIMULATIONS; MODEL; OH; STRATOSPHERE AB Reducing methane (CH4) emissions is an attractive option for jointly addressing climate and ozone (O-3) air quality goals. With multidecadal full-chemistry transient simulations in the MOZART-2 tropospheric chemistry model, we show that tropospheric O-3 responds approximately linearly to changes in CH4 emissions over a range of anthropogenic emissions from 0-430 Tg CH4 a(-1) (0.11-0.16 Tg tropospheric O-3 or similar to 11-15 ppt global mean surface O-3 decrease per Tg a(-1) CH4 reduced). We find that neither the air quality nor climate benefits depend strongly on the location of the CH4 emission reductions, implying that the lowest cost emission controls can be targeted. With a series of future (2005-2030) transient simulations, we demonstrate that cost-effective CH4 controls would offset the positive climate forcing from CH4 and O-3 that would otherwise occur (from increases in NOx and CH4 emissions in the baseline scenario) and improve O-3 air quality. We estimate that anthropogenic CH4 contributes 0.7 Wm(-2) to climate forcing and similar to 4 ppb to surface O-3 in 2030 under the baseline scenario. Although the response of surface O-3 to CH4 is relatively uniform spatially compared to that from other O-3 precursors, it is strongest in regions where surface air mixes frequently with the free troposphere and where the local O-3 formation regime is NOx-saturated. In the model, CH4 oxidation within the boundary layer (below similar to 2.5 km) contributes more to surface O-3 than CH4 oxidation in the free troposphere. In NOx-saturated regions, the surface O-3 sensitivity to CH4 can be twice that of the global mean, with > 70% of this sensitivity resulting from boundary layer oxidation of CH4. Accurately representing the NOx distribution is thus crucial for quantifying the O-3 sensitivity to CH4. C1 [Fiore, Arlene M.; Horowitz, Larry W.; Schwarzkopf, M. Daniel] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [West, J. Jason; Naik, Vaishali] Princeton Univ, Woodrow Wilson Sch Publ & Int Affairs, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [West, J. Jason] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Programme, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Fiore, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd,POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM arlene.fiore@noaa.gov RI Horowitz, Larry/D-8048-2014; Naik, Vaishali/A-4938-2013; West, Jason/J-2322-2015 OI Horowitz, Larry/0000-0002-5886-3314; Naik, Vaishali/0000-0002-2254-1700; West, Jason/0000-0001-5652-4987 NR 61 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 3 U2 26 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D8 AR D08307 DI 10.1029/2007JD009162 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297CE UT WOS:000255593900004 ER PT J AU Song, CK Byun, DW Pierce, RB Alsaadi, JA Schaack, TK Vukovich, F AF Song, C. -K. Byun, D. W. Pierce, R. B. Alsaadi, J. A. Schaack, T. K. Vukovich, F. TI Downscale linkage of global model output for regional chemical transport modeling: Method and general performance SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID STRATOSPHERE-TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; OZONE OBSERVATIONS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; ART.; CHEMISTRY; QUALITY; SYSTEM; VALIDATION; POLLUTION; PROFILES AB The goal of this study is to assess the impact of the downscale linkage of global chemistry model output on the simulated regional scale O-3 concentration and its vertical and horizontal structure over the continental US. For the global chemistry model, the NASA LaRC-University of Wisconsin Real-time Air Quality Modeling System (RAQMS) with a global ozone assimilation framework was used. RAQMS simulation results were downscaled with a RAQMS-CMAQ linkage tool (RAQ2CMAQ) to provide dynamic lateral boundary conditions for regional air quality simulations with the EPA Models-3 Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) Model. We performed two sets of CMAQ simulations; (1) with the predefined lateral boundary condition profile representing relatively clean air conditions in the eastern-half of the United States, and (2) with the lateral boundary conditions generated from RAQMS 6 hourly analyses, for the 1999 Southern Oxidant Study (SOS-99) period (15 June-14 July 1999). When compared and evaluated with available ozone soundings and nation wide surface observations (AIRS/EPA) in U. S., CMAQ simulations with the lateral boundary condition from the predefined profile failed to simulate the so-called "chemical tropopause'' above which O-3 concentration rapidly increases with height. On the other hand, the simulations with the lateral boundary condition provided with the global RAQMS output not only improved diurnal variations and daily maxima of surface O-3 concentrations, but also produced better agreement with the vertical structure of O-3 measured in the middle and upper troposphere. The tracer mode CMAQ simulations showed that, at the upper troposphere, more than 85% of the O-3 concentration difference associated with the lateral BCs was caused by the transport and diffusion processes. C1 [Song, C. -K.; Byun, D. W.] Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, IMAQS, Houston, TX 77204 USA. [Alsaadi, J. A.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23665 USA. [Pierce, R. B.] STAR, NESDIS, NOAA, Madison, WI USA. [Schaack, T. K.] Univ Wisconsin, Ctr Space Sci & Engn, Madison, WI USA. [Vukovich, F.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Raleigh, NC USA. RP Song, CK (reprint author), Univ Houston, Dept Geosci, IMAQS, Sci & Res Bldg 1,Rm 312,4800 Calhoun Rd, Houston, TX 77204 USA. EM daewon.byun@mail.uh.edu RI Pierce, Robert Bradley/F-5609-2010; Kwon, Yulee/B-8433-2009; Song, Chang-Keun/S-2255-2016 OI Pierce, Robert Bradley/0000-0002-2767-1643; Kwon, Yulee/0000-0002-6515-9181; Song, Chang-Keun/0000-0002-8811-2626 NR 35 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 30 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D8 AR D08308 DI 10.1029/2007JD008951 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 297CE UT WOS:000255593900003 ER PT J AU Anderson, CR Siegel, DA Brzezinski, MA Guillocheau, N AF Anderson, Clarissa R. Siegel, David A. Brzezinski, Mark A. Guillocheau, Nathalie TI Controls on temporal patterns in phytoplankton community structure in the Santa Barbara Channel, California SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA; INNER SHELF; CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; SEA; MECHANISMS; PIGMENTS; BIOMASS; PLUMES AB Characterizing phytoplankton succession in the context of physical and chemical processes is important for understanding the mechanisms driving phytoplankton species composition and succession. An understanding of these processes ultimately influences the ability to predict the contribution of phytoplankton to carbon cycling, the initiation and persistence of harmful algal blooms, and the ability to use satellites for the remote sensing of specific phytoplankton taxa important for biogeochemistry. A statistical analysis of 5 years (1998-2003) of phytoplankton pigment concentrations from the Santa Barbara Channel using empirical orthogonal functions reveals four dominant modes of variability that explain 80% of the variance in the pigment data set. The annual cycle is characterized by a switching from a mixed-phytoplankton assemblage mode to modes dominated by either diatoms, dinoflagellates, or a combination of nano- and pico-phytoplankton. The dominant two modes correspond to a prebloom condition that precedes upwelling conditions, with all identified phytoplankton groups present in low abundance and a diatom-dominated upwelling state that develops following spring upwelling. In 2001, the EOF analysis indicated a transition toward more intense diatom blooms in spring and summer and fewer, large dinoflagellate blooms. This trend was corroborated by analyses of diagnostic pigments and CHEMTAX analysis and may be linked to an increase in local upwelling intensity between 2001 and 2003. Both spring diatom blooms occurring after 2001 were dominated by toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species and led to significant marine mammal deaths in the channel in 2003. C1 [Anderson, Clarissa R.] Univ Maryland, ESSIC CICS, NOAA, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Siegel, David A.; Guillocheau, Nathalie] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Siegel, David A.; Guillocheau, Nathalie] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Ecol Evolut & Marine biol, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Brzezinski, Mark A.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Compuata Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Anderson, CR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, ESSIC CICS, NOAA, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM clarissa@umd.edu RI Siegel, David/C-5587-2008 NR 47 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD APR 29 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C4 AR C04038 DI 10.1029/2007JC004321 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 297CP UT WOS:000255595000001 ER PT J AU Ben-Naim, A AF Ben-Naim, Arieh TI One-dimensional model for water and aqueous solutions. III. Solvation of hard rods in aqueous mixtures SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID THERMODYNAMICS; SOLUBILITY; SYSTEM; ARGON AB A simple one-dimensional model for aqueous solution is applied to study the solvation thermodynamics of a simple solute (here, a hard-rod particle) in mixtures of waterlike particles and a cosolvent. Two kinds of cosolvents are considered, one that stabilizes and one that destabilizes the "structure of water." The results obtained for the Gibbs energy, entropy, enthalpy, and heat capacity of solvation are in qualitative agreement with experimental data on the solvation of argon and methane in mixtures of water and ethanol and of water and p-dioxane. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Ben-Naim, Arieh] Hebrew Univ Jerusalem, Dept Phys Chem, IL-91904 Jerusalem, Israel. RP Ben-Naim, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM arieh@fh.huji.ac.il NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 16 AR 164507 DI 10.1063/1.2899730 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 295DX UT WOS:000255456300048 PM 18447459 ER PT J AU Krekelberg, WP Shen, VK Errington, JR Truskett, TM AF Krekelberg, William P. Shen, Vincent K. Errington, Jeffrey R. Truskett, Thomas M. TI Residual multiparticle entropy does not generally change sign near freezing SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION; HARD-SPHERES; PHASE COEXISTENCE; LENNARD-JONES; SIMPLE FLUIDS; DENSITY; TRANSITION; DIMENSIONALITY; HYPERSPHERES; PACKINGS AB The residual multiparticle entropy (RMPE) of two- and three-dimensional fluids changes sign near the freezing line, providing a quasiuniversal "one-phase" rule for the location of the liquid-solid transition. We present new simulation results for d-dimensional hard-sphere fluids (d=1-5) which show, however, that this freezing criterion fails in other spatial dimensions. The results also call into question the idea that a change in sign of the RMPE implies the emergence of a new kind of local structural order in the fluid. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Krekelberg, William P.; Truskett, Thomas M.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Truskett, Thomas M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Theoret Chem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Errington, Jeffrey R.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Truskett, TM (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM krekel@che.utexas.edu; vincent.shen@nist.gov; jerring@buffalo.edu; truskett@che.utexas.edu RI Truskett, Thomas/D-4624-2009; Errington, Jeffrey/E-8644-2011; Truskett, Thomas/C-4996-2014 OI Truskett, Thomas/0000-0002-6607-6468; Errington, Jeffrey/0000-0003-0365-0271; NR 40 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD APR 28 PY 2008 VL 128 IS 16 AR 161101 DI 10.1063/1.2916697 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 295DX UT WOS:000255456300001 PM 18447412 ER PT J AU Ryer, CH Lemke, JL Boersma, K Levas, S AF Ryer, Clifford H. Lemke, Jena L. Boersma, Kate Levas, Stephen TI Adaptive coloration, behavior and predation vulnerability in three juvenile north Pacific flatfishes SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE camouflage; Crypsis; detection minimization; flatfish; predator avoidance ID PLAICE; TEMPERATURE; SELECTION; SURVIVAL; PATTERNS; RISK; PREY; SOLE AB Adaptive color change in flatfish has long been of interest to scientists, yet rarely studied from an ecological perspective. Because color change can take a day or so in some species, movement between sediments with differing color or texture may render fish more conspicuous to predators. We conducted laboratory experiments to test the following hypotheses related to adaptive color change in flatfish: 1) fish which do not cryptically match sediment will be more vulnerable to predation, 2) fish will reduce activity and bury to minimize conspicuousness when on a sediment they mismatch, and 3) fish will choose a sediment they match when given a choice. Experiments were conducted using three co-occurring north Pacific juvenile flatfishes: English sole Parophrys vetulus, northern rock sole Lepidopsetta polyxystra and Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis. As per expectations, juvenile flatfish were more vulnerable to visual predators when they mismatched sediment. Mismatched fish tended to behave differently than fish which matched the sediment. Rather than burying and becoming inactive, they became more active and less likely to bury, perhaps contributing to their predation vulnerability. This increased activity may have represented search for better matching sediment, a stress response, or conspicuousness-related density dependent behavior. Fish which had acclimated to light colored sediment preferred light over dark sediment in choice trials. In contrast, fish acclimated to dark sediment demonstrated no preference. These experiments demonstrate that adaptive coloration is an integral part of the flatfish detection minimization strategy and that movement between habitats can increase risk of predation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ryer, Clifford H.] NOAA Fisheries, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Lemke, Jena L.] ABR Inc, Forest Grove, OR 97116 USA. [Boersma, Kate] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Levas, Stephen] Ohio State Univ, Sch Earth Sci, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. RP Ryer, CH (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM cliff.ryer@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 13 U2 36 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD APR 28 PY 2008 VL 359 IS 1 BP 62 EP 66 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2008.02.017 PG 5 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 304IV UT WOS:000256104100009 ER PT J AU Perlwitz, J Pawson, S Fogt, RL Nielsen, JE Neff, WD AF Perlwitz, Judith Pawson, Steven Fogt, Ryan L. Nielsen, J. Eric Neff, William D. TI Impact of stratospheric ozone hole recovery on Antarctic climate SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HEMISPHERE ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN ANNULAR MODE; TRENDS; TROPOSPHERE AB Model experiments have revealed that stratospheric polar ozone depletion and anthropogenic increase of greenhouse gases (GHG) have both contributed to the observed increase of summertime tropospheric westerlies in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) with the ozone influence dominating. As the stratospheric halogen loading decreases in the future, ozone is expected to return to higher values, with the disappearance of the Antarctic ozone hole. The impact of this ozone recovery on SH climate is investigated using 21st century simulations with a chemistry climate model (CCM). The model response to the ozone recovery by 2100 shows that tropospheric circulation changes during austral summer caused by ozone depletion between 1970 and 2000 almost reverse, despite increasing GHG concentrations. Comparison of the CCM results with multi-model scenario experiments from the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emphasize the importance of stratospheric ozone recovery for Antarctic climate. C1 [Perlwitz, Judith; Fogt, Ryan L.; Neff, William D.] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pawson, Steven; Nielsen, J. Eric] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Perlwitz, Judith] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Perlwitz, J (reprint author), NOAA, Div Phys Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM judith.perlwitz@noaa.gov RI Perlwitz, Judith/B-7201-2008; Fogt, Ryan/B-6989-2008; Neff, William/E-2725-2010; Pawson, Steven/I-1865-2014 OI Perlwitz, Judith/0000-0003-4061-2442; Fogt, Ryan/0000-0002-5398-3990; Neff, William/0000-0003-4047-7076; Pawson, Steven/0000-0003-0200-717X NR 21 TC 134 Z9 134 U1 2 U2 15 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 26 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 8 AR L08714 DI 10.1029/2008GL033317 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 295EW UT WOS:000255458800002 ER PT J AU Reale, O Susskind, J Rosenberg, R Brin, E Liu, E Riishojgaard, LP Terry, J Jusem, JC AF Reale, O. Susskind, J. Rosenberg, R. Brin, E. Liu, E. Riishojgaard, L. P. Terry, J. Jusem, J. C. TI Improving forecast skill by assimilation of quality-controlled AIRS temperature retrievals under partially cloudy conditions SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) on board the Aqua satellite is now recognized as an important contributor towards the improvement of weather forecasts. At this time only a small fraction of the total data produced by AIRS is being used by operational weather systems. In fact, in addition to effects of thinning and quality control, the only AIRS data assimilated are radiance observations of channels unaffected by clouds. Observations in mid-lower tropospheric sounding AIRS channels are assimilated primarily under completely clear-sky conditions, thus imposing a very severe limitation on the horizontal distribution of the AIRS-derived information. In this work it is shown that the ability to derive accurate temperature profiles from AIRS observations in partially cloud-contaminated areas can be utilized to further improve the impact of AIRS observations in a global model and forecasting system. The analyses produced by assimilating AIRS temperature profiles obtained under partial cloud cover result in a substantially colder representation of the northern hemisphere lower midtroposphere at higher latitudes. This temperature difference has a strong impact, through hydrostatic adjustment, in the midtropospheric geopotential heights, which causes a different representation of the polar vortex especially over northeastern Siberia and Alaska. The AIRS-induced anomaly propagates through the model's dynamics producing improved 5-day forecasts. C1 [Reale, O.; Susskind, J.; Jusem, J. C.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Reale, O.; Riishojgaard, L. P.; Jusem, J. C.] Univ Maryland, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD USA. [Rosenberg, R.; Brin, E.; Terry, J.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Software Integrat & Visualizat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Rosenberg, R.; Brin, E.; Liu, E.; Terry, J.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Beltsville, MD USA. [Liu, E.; Riishojgaard, L. P.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Riishojgaard, L. P.] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Reale, O (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. NR 18 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 8 AR L08809 DI 10.1029/2007GL033002 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 295EV UT WOS:000255458700003 ER PT J AU Pollmann, J Helmig, D Hueber, J Plass-Dulmer, C Tans, P AF Pollmann, Jan Helmig, Detlev Hueber, Jacques Plass-Duelmer, Christian Tans, Pieter TI Sampling, storage, and analysis of C-2-C-7 non-methane hydrocarbons from the US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Cooperative Air Sampling Network glass flasks SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE non-methane hydrocarbons; gas chromatography; global monitoring; whole air sampling; glass flasks ID INTERCOMPARISON EXPERIMENT NOMHICE; VOLATILE ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; TRACE GASES; AMBIENT AIR; CHEMISTRY AB An analytical technique was developed to analyze light non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC), including ethane, propane, iso-butane, n-butane, iso-pentane, n-pentane, n-hexane, isoprene, benzene and toluene from whole air samples collected in 2.51-glass flasks used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Earth System Research Laboratory, Global Monitoring Division (NOAA ESRL GMD, Boulder, CO, USA) Cooperative Air Sampling Network. This method relies on utilizing the remaining air in these flasks (which is at below-ambient pressure at this stage) after the completion of all routine greenhouse gas measurements from these samples. NMHC in sample aliquots extracted from the flasks were preconcentrated with a custom-made, cryogen-free inlet system and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection (FID). C-2-C-7 NMHC, depending on their ambient air mixing ratios, could be measured with accuracy and repeatability errors of generally <= 10-20%. Larger deviations were found for ethene and propene. Hexane was systematically overestimated due to a chromatographic co-elution problem. Saturated NMHC showed less than 5% changes in their mixing ratios in glass flask samples that were stored for up to I year. In the same experiment ethene and propene increased at similar to 30% yr(-1). A series of blank experiments showed negligible contamination from the sampling process and from storage (<10 pptv yr(-1)) of samples in these glass flasks. Results from flask NMHC analyses were compared to in-situ NMHC measurements at the Global Atmospheric Watch station in Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. This 9-months side-by-side comparison showed good agreement between both methods. More than 94% of all data comparisons for C-2-C-5 alkanes, isoprene, benzene and toluene fell within the combined accuracy and precision objectives of the World Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere Watch (WMO-GAW) for NMHC measurements. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Pollmann, Jan; Helmig, Detlev; Hueber, Jacques] INSTAAR, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Pollmann, Jan] Max Planck Inst Chem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Plass-Duelmer, Christian] DWD, Hohenpeissenberg, Germany. [Tans, Pieter] NOAA, ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. RP Helmig, D (reprint author), INSTAAR, 1560 30th St, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Detlev.Helmig@colorado.edu NR 31 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 25 PY 2008 VL 1188 IS 2 BP 75 EP 87 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.02.059 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 296RW UT WOS:000255564500003 PM 18355832 ER PT J AU Dobber, M Kleipool, Q Dirksen, R Levelt, P Jaross, G Taylor, S Kelly, T Flynn, L Leppelmeier, G Rozemeijer, N AF Dobber, M. Kleipool, Q. Dirksen, R. Levelt, P. Jaross, G. Taylor, S. Kelly, T. Flynn, L. Leppelmeier, G. Rozemeijer, N. TI Validation of ozone monitoring instrument level 1b data products SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE REFLECTIVITY; NM; IRRADIANCE; SPECTRUM; SCATTERING AB The validation of the collection 2 level 1b radiance and irradiance data measured with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) on NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) Aura satellite is investigated and described. A number of improvements from collection 2 data to collection 3 data are identified and presented. It is shown that with these improvements in the calibration and in the data processing the accuracy of the geophysically calibrated level 1b radiance and irradiance is improved in the collection 3 data. It is shown that the OMI level 1b irradiance product can be reproduced from a high-resolution solar reference spectrum convolved with the OMI spectral slit functions within 3% for the Fraunhofer structure and within 0.5% for the offset. The agreement of the OMI level 1b irradiance data product with other available literature irradiance spectra is within 4%. The viewing angle dependence of the irradiance and the irradiance goniometry are discussed, and improvements in the collection 3 data are described. The in-orbit radiometric degradation since launch is shown to be smaller than 0.5% above 310 nm and increases to about 1.2% at 270 nm. It is shown how the viewing angle dependence of the radiance is improved in the collection 3 data. The calculation of the surface albedo from OMI measurement data is discussed, and first results are presented. The OMI surface albedo values are compared to literature values from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) and the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME). Finally, improvements in the spectral and spatial stray light corrections from collection 2 data to collection 3 data are presented and discussed. C1 [Dobber, M.; Kleipool, Q.; Dirksen, R.; Levelt, P.; Rozemeijer, N.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Flynn, L.] NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Jaross, G.; Taylor, S.; Kelly, T.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Greenbelt, MD 20706 USA. [Leppelmeier, G.] G&S Associates, FIN-02360 Espoo, Finland. [Rozemeijer, N.] TriOpSys BV, Utrecht, Netherlands. RP Dobber, M (reprint author), Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, POB 201, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614 NR 19 TC 42 Z9 42 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 25 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15S06 DI 10.1029/2007JD008665 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295FI UT WOS:000255460000001 ER PT J AU Sui, CH Li, X Ho, CH Lau, KM AF Sui, C. -H. Li, X. Ho, C. -H. Lau, K. -M. TI Effects of radiative cooling on the tropical convective response to sea surface temperature: 2-D large domain cumulus ensemble simulations SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID EL-NINO; MESOSCALE PROCESSES; CIRRUS CLOUDS; EQUILIBRIUM; MODEL; GREENHOUSE; WATER; SENSITIVITY; COOLNESS; SYSTEMS AB The effects of radiative cooling on the tropical convective response to sea surface temperature (SST) are investigated using a series of two-dimensional large domain cloud-resolving simulations. The experiments are designed with an imposed warm-pool SST at 2.5 degrees C, 3.5 degrees C, and 4.5 degrees C higher than the cold-pool SST, which is specified at 26 degrees C. The area ratio of the model cold pool to the warm pool is set to 2.2. It is observed that the warm-pool convection intensifies when the SST difference between the warm and cold pools increases from 2.5 degrees C to 3.5 degrees C, whereas the warm-pool convection strength does not significantly change when the SST difference increases from 3.5 degrees C to 4.5 degrees C, which is qualitatively consistent with the observations. The analysis of the atmospheric heat budgets shows that the cap on the development of convection over the warm pool is due to a radiative cooling over the cold pool that has a small variability. The cloud-resolving model simulations indicate that the area of the radiatively driven subsidence expands to produce an enhanced mass exchange between the warm and cold pools in response to the enhanced SST difference between them. This acts against the tendency for increased clouds by the enhanced upward mass flux in response to the warmer SST over the warm pool; significantly stronger SST differences between the two pools (e.g., >= 3.5 degrees C in the cloud-resolving model) do not proportionally produce further intensive convection activities over the warm pool. C1 [Sui, C. -H.] Natl Cent Univ, Inst Hydrol & Ocean Sci, Jhongli 32001, Taoyuan Cty, Taiwan. [Sui, C. -H.] Natl Cent Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Jhongli 32001, Taoyuan Cty, Taiwan. [Li, X.] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Ho, C. -H.] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Lau, K. -M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Atmospheres Lab, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Sui, CH (reprint author), Natl Cent Univ, Inst Hydrol & Ocean Sci, 300 Wu Chuan Li, Jhongli 32001, Taoyuan Cty, Taiwan. EM sui@ncu.edu.tw RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014; Ho, Chang-Hoi/H-8354-2015; Lau, William /E-1510-2012; OI Lau, William /0000-0002-3587-3691; SUI, CHUNG-HSIUNG/0000-0003-2842-5660 NR 35 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 25 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D8 AR D08116 DI 10.1029/2007JD008557 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295FE UT WOS:000255459600002 ER PT J AU D'Incao, JP Esry, BD AF D'Incao, J. P. Esry, B. D. TI Suppression of molecular decay in ultracold gases without fermi statistics SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article AB We study inelastic processes for ultracold three-body systems in which only one interaction is resonant. We show that at ultracold temperatures three-body recombination in such systems leads mainly to the formation of weakly bound molecules. In addition, and perhaps more importantly, we have found that the decay rates for weakly bound molecules due to collisions with other atoms can be suppressed not only without fermionic statistics but also when bosonic statistics applies. These results indicate that recombination in three-component atomic gases can be used as an efficient mechanism for molecular formation, allowing the achievement of high molecular densities. C1 [D'Incao, J. P.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.; Esry, B. D.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP D'Incao, JP (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI D'Incao, Jose/B-1289-2010; Esry, Brett/H-7511-2013 OI Esry, Brett/0000-0003-3207-8526 NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 16 AR 163201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.163201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 295EK UT WOS:000255457600030 PM 18518196 ER PT J AU Jentschura, UD Mohr, PJ Tan, JN Wundt, BJ AF Jentschura, Ulrich D. Mohr, Peter J. Tan, Joseph N. Wundt, Benedikt J. TI Fundamental constants and tests of theory in Rydberg states of hydrogenlike ions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; PRECISION; ATOMS; FIELD AB A comparison of precision frequency measurements to quantum electrodynamics (QED) predictions for Rydberg states of hydrogenlike ions can yield information on values of fundamental constants and test theory. With the results of a calculation of a key QED contribution reported here, the uncertainty in the theory of the energy levels is reduced to a level where such a comparison can yield an improved value of the Rydberg constant. C1 [Jentschura, Ulrich D.; Mohr, Peter J.; Tan, Joseph N.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jentschura, Ulrich D.; Wundt, Benedikt J.] Max Planck Inst Kernphys, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany. RP Jentschura, UD (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 30 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 25 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 16 AR 160404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.160404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 295EK UT WOS:000255457600004 PM 18518170 ER PT J AU Marquis, M Tans, P AF Marquis, Melinda Tans, Pieter TI Climate change - Carbon crucible SO SCIENCE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Marquis, Melinda] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Marquis, Melinda; Tans, Pieter] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Marquis, M (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, 216 UCB, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM melinda.marquis@noaa.gov RI Marquis, Melinda/K-8895-2015 NR 7 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 25 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5875 BP 460 EP 461 DI 10.1126/science.1156451 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 292EM UT WOS:000255249300025 PM 18436764 ER PT J AU Rijssenbeek, J Gao, Y Hanson, J Huang, Q Jones, C Toby, B AF Rijssenbeek, Job Gao, Yan Hanson, Jonathan Huang, Qingzhen Jones, Camille Toby, Brian TI Crystal structure determination and reaction pathway of amide-hydride mixtures SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen storage materials; crystal structure; order-disorder effects; X-ray diffraction; neutron diffraction ID HYDROGEN STORAGE-SYSTEM; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; LI2NH; LIH; IMIDES; H-2 AB Combined synchrotron in situ X-ray diffraction and neutron dif fraction studies were performed on 2:1 mixtures of lithium amide and magnesium hydride, which have shown promise as solid-state hydrogen storage materials. The dehydrogenated product is a mixed lithium and magnesium imide, Li2Mg(NH)(2), whose crystal structure has not heretofore been determined. Furthermore, at elevated temperatures, Li2Mg(NH)(2) undergoes two structural transitions from an orthorhombic structure to a primitive cubic structure at intermediate temperature (350 degrees C) followed by a face-centered cubic crystal structure at high temperature (500 degrees C). Disordering of the Li, Mg and cation vacancies as a function of temperature drives the structural transitions. We report the reaction pathway from in situ X-ray diffraction studies and the crystal structures of the three structural variants of Li2Mg(NH)(2) as determined by high-resolution X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. We also report the hydrogen storage reaction pathways for mixtures with other cation. ratios. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rijssenbeek, Job; Gao, Yan] Ge Global Res, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. [Hanson, Jonathan] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Chem, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Huang, Qingzhen; Jones, Camille; Toby, Brian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rijssenbeek, J (reprint author), Ge Global Res, 1 Res Circle, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. EM rijssenb@research.ge.com RI Hanson, jonathan/E-3517-2010; Mahalingam, Arjun/G-8586-2011; Toby, Brian/F-3176-2013 OI Toby, Brian/0000-0001-8793-8285 NR 24 TC 84 Z9 87 U1 0 U2 26 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD APR 24 PY 2008 VL 454 IS 1-2 BP 233 EP 244 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2006.12.008 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 291RR UT WOS:000255215000044 ER PT J AU Blackburn, JL Parilla, PA Gennett, T Hurst, KE Dillon, AC Heben, MJ AF Blackburn, Jeff L. Parilla, Philip A. Gennett, Thomas Hurst, Katherine E. Dillon, Anne C. Heben, Michael J. TI Measurement of the reversible hydrogen storage capacity of milligram Ti-6Al-4V alloy samples with temperature programmed desorption and volumetric techniques SO JOURNAL OF ALLOYS AND COMPOUNDS LA English DT Article DE hydrogen absorbing materials; metal hydrides; titanium; Ti-6Al-4V; temperature programmed desorption ID TI; ABSORPTION; TITANIUM AB We report the results of a study using temperature programmed desorption (TPD) and a volumetric sorption technique to measure the hydrogen storage capacity of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Samples of various sizes and surface treatments were studied to obtain a statistically meaningful value for the maximum hydrogen storage capacity, as well as to understand the effect of sample size, sample oxidation, and hydrogen charging conditions on the measured capacity. We find a maximum reversible hydrogen storage capacity of similar to 3.76 wt% with hydrogen exposures near ambient temperature and pressure. This value is higher than any reported in the literature previously, possibly due to the utilization of very small particles and rapid hydrogen exposures, which allow for equilibration times of approximately I h. Comparison of a variety of samples indicates that the measured hydrogen capacity is affected by surface oxidation. Samples generated in a strongly oxidizing environment exhibit decreased hydrogen uptake. The implications of these results are discussed with regards to previously reported capacity values in the literature. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Blackburn, Jeff L.; Parilla, Philip A.; Dillon, Anne C.; Heben, Michael J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gennett, Thomas] Rochester Inst Technol, Dept Chem, Rochester, NY 14623 USA. [Hurst, Katherine E.] Natl Inst Stand, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Blackburn, JL (reprint author), Natl Renewable Energy Lab, 1617 Cole Blvd, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM jeffrey_blackburn@nrel.gov RI Blackburn, Jeffrey/D-7344-2012 NR 18 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0925-8388 J9 J ALLOY COMPD JI J. Alloy. Compd. PD APR 24 PY 2008 VL 454 IS 1-2 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1016/j.jallcom.2007.01.006 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 291RR UT WOS:000255215000086 ER PT J AU Johnston, DW McDonald, M Polovina, J Domokos, R Wiggins, S Hildebrand, J AF Johnston, D. W. McDonald, M. Polovina, J. Domokos, R. Wiggins, S. Hildebrand, J. TI Temporal patterns in the acoustic signals of beaked whales at Cross Seamount SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE beaked whales; passive acoustic monitoring; seamounts; Pacific Ocean; fisheries acoustics ID COBB SEAMOUNT; PACIFIC; YELLOWFIN; SEA AB Seamounts may influence the distribution of marine mammals through a combination of increased ocean mixing, enhanced local productivity and greater prey availability. To study the effects of seamounts on the presence and acoustic behaviour of cetaceans, we deployed a high-frequency acoustic recording package on the summit of Cross Seamount during April through October 2005. The most frequently detected cetacean vocalizations were echolocation sounds similar to those produced by ziphiid and mesoplodont beaked whales together with buzz-type signals consistent with prey-capture attempts. Beaked whale signals occurred almost entirely at night throughout the six-month deployment. Measurements of prey presence with a Simrad EK-60 fisheries acoustics echo sounder indicate that Cross Seamount may enhance local productivity in near-surface waters. Concentrations of micronekton were aggregated over the seamount in near-surface waters at night, and dense concentrations of nekton were detected across the surface of the summit. Our results suggest that seamounts may provide enhanced foraging opportunities for beaked whales during the night through a combination of increased productivity, vertical migrations by micronekton and local retention of prey. Furthermore, the summit of the seamount may act as a barrier against which whales concentrate prey. C1 [Johnston, D. W.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [McDonald, M.] Whale Acoust, Bellvue, CO 80512 USA. [Polovina, J.; Domokos, R.] Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wiggins, S.; Hildebrand, J.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Johnston, DW (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, 1000 Pope Rd,Marine Sci Bldg 312, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM dave.johnston@noaa.gov OI Domokos, Reka/0000-0003-3297-4793 NR 21 TC 31 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 9 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 4 IS 2 BP 208 EP 211 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0614 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 279KD UT WOS:000254353200021 PM 18252660 ER PT J AU Knight, HK Strickland, DJ Hecht, JH Straus, PR Morrison, D Paxton, LJ Evans, DS AF Knight, H. K. Strickland, D. J. Hecht, J. H. Straus, P. R. Morrison, D. Paxton, L. J. Evans, D. S. TI Evidence for significantly greater N-2 Lyman-Birge-Hopfield emission efficiencies in proton versus electron aurora based on analysis of coincident DMSP SSUSI and SSJ/5 data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PLASMA SHEET ION; TRANSPORT-THEORETIC MODEL; ULTRAVIOLET IMAGER GUVI; HYDROGEN ATOM AURORA; CROSS-SECTIONS; SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS; ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS; GEOMAGNETIC CONDITIONS; STATISTICAL-MODEL; PRECIPITATION AB The launch of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ( DMSP) satellite F16 in 2003 provided the first opportunity to analyze extensive sets of high-quality coincident auroral particle and FUV data obtained by the onboard sensors Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager (SSUSI) and Special Sensor Auroral Particle Sensor (SSJ/5). Features of interest are Ly alpha (121.6 nm), Lyman-Birge-Hopfield short (LBHS, the SSUSI 140-150 nm channel), and Lyman-Birge-Hopfield long (LBHL, 165 180 nm). We report on comparisons of column emission rates (CERs) by deriving simulated SSUSI values using SSJ/5 electron and ion ( treated as proton) spectra. Field-line tracing is performed to determine the locations of coincidences. CERs are obtained by integrating the products of particle spectra and monoenergetic emission yields. A technique is reported for deriving these yields from nonmonoenergetic CERs obtained by our particle transport model. SSJ/5 ion spectra are extrapolated above 30 keV using a statistical representation based on Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites particle data. Key quantities of interest are ratios of SSUSI to SSJ/5-based CERs (S-S ratios) and corresponding ratios of proton-produced to total emission ( unity for Ly a and from 0 to 1 for LBHS and LBHL). SSJ/5-based CERs are used to derive the latter ratios. Median ratio values are determined in order to reduce the error budget to primarily calibration and model errors. The median LBH S-S ratios increase by a factor of similar to 2.5 from electron to proton aurora and support significantly higher proton LBH emission efficiencies ( 3 times the electron efficiencies) assuming reported calibration uncertainties. This calls for significant increases in proton and/or H-atom LBH cross sections. In turn, FUV auroral remote-sensing algorithms must explicitly address both electron and proton aurora. C1 [Knight, H. K.; Strickland, D. J.] Computat Phys Inc, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. [Hecht, J. H.; Straus, P. R.] Aerosp Corp, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Morrison, D.; Paxton, L. J.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Evans, D. S.] NOAA, Space Environm Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Knight, HK (reprint author), Computat Phys Inc, 8001 Braddock Rd,Suite 210, Springfield, VA 22151 USA. EM knight@cpi.com RI Paxton, Larry/D-1934-2015 OI Paxton, Larry/0000-0002-2597-347X NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 23 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A4 AR A04305 DI 10.1029/2007JA012728 PG 30 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 295FZ UT WOS:000255461700005 ER PT J AU Quan, Y Mannsfeld, SCB Tang, ML Roberts, M Toney, MF DeLongchamp, DM Bao, Z AF Yuan, Quan Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B. Tang, Ming L. Roberts, Mark Toney, Michael F. DeLongchamp, Dean M. Bao, Zhenan TI Microstructure of oligofluorene asymmetric derivatives in orgranic thin film transistors SO CHEMISTRY OF MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT MOBILITY; X-RAY-SCATTERING; THIOPHENE DERIVATIVES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; SEMICONDUCTOR FILM; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PENTACENE; PERFORMANCE; ORDER; ELECTRONICS AB In organic thin film transistors (OTFT), modifying the molecular chemical structure affects the molecular packing and thin film morphology, which both sensitively influence the charge carrier mobility. A detailed understanding of the interplay of molecular chemical structure, molecular packing, and thin film morphology is therefore necessary to improve OTFT performance. Fluorene-bithiophene-fluorene (FTTF) derivatives have demonstrated great potential for use as the active layer for OTFTs. A series of FTTF asymmetrically substituted derivatives were synthesized to fine-tune the film properties. In this study, the thin film microstructure details of FTTF and several FTTF derivatives with asymmetrically substituted alkyl-chains of different lengths are studied and compared with their electrical performance in thin film transistor devices. The respective unit cells were characterized using grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), and for FTTF the detailed molecular packing was determined from the GIXD intensities in combination with packing simulation. The alignment of the FTTF core in the thin film phase was further characterized using near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy for films prepared under different processing conditions and tinder different film growth stages. For well-packed asymmetric FTTF derivatives, we find that the conjugated FTTF core is in direct contact with the substrate surface, and its single alkyl chain is aligned away from that interface. The impact of the detailed microstructure in the films on the charge mobility is discussed. C1 [Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B.; Roberts, Mark; Bao, Zhenan] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Yuan, Quan] Stanford Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Tang, Ming L.] Stanford Univ, Dept Chem, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Linear Accelerator Ctr, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [DeLongchamp, Dean M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bao, Z (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM zbao@stanford.edu RI Roberts, Mark/H-9865-2016 OI Roberts, Mark/0000-0001-5971-6650 NR 40 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0897-4756 J9 CHEM MATER JI Chem. Mat. PD APR 22 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 8 BP 2763 EP 2772 DI 10.1021/cm800071r PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 288XL UT WOS:000255019300026 ER PT J AU Liang, XZ Kunkel, KE Meehl, GA Jones, RG Wang, JXL AF Liang, Xin-Zhong Kunkel, Kenneth E. Meehl, Gerald A. Jones, Richard G. Wang, Julian X. L. TI Regional climate models downscaling analysis of general circulation models present climate biases propagation into future change projections SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATIONS; PART I; SIMULATIONS; SENSITIVITY; US; ENSEMBLE; PRECIPITATION; CYCLE AB Asuite of eighteen simulations over the U. S. and Mexico, representing combinations of two mesoscale regional climate models (RCMs), two driving global general circulation models (GCMs), and the historical and four future anthropogenic forcings were intercompared. The RCMs' downscaling reduces significantly driving GCMs' present-climate biases and narrows inter-model differences in representing climate sensitivity and hence in simulating the present and future climates. Very high spatial pattern correlations of the RCM minus GCM differences in precipitation and surface temperature between the present and future climates indicate that major model present-climate biases are systematically propagated into future-climate projections at regional scales. The total impacts of the biases on trend projections also depend strongly on regions and cannot be linearly removed. The result suggests that the nested RCM-GCM approach that offers skill enhancement in representing the present climate also likely provides higher credibility in downscaling the future climate projection. C1 [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Kunkel, Kenneth E.] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. [Jones, Richard G.] Univ Reading, Met Off Hadley Ctr Reading Unit, Reading RG6 6AH, Berks, England. [Meehl, Gerald A.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, Julian X. L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20919 USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Champaign, IL 61820 USA. RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016 OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; NR 22 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 22 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 8 AR L08709 DI 10.1029/2007GL032849 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 295ES UT WOS:000255458400003 ER PT J AU Brock, CA Sullivan, AP Peltier, RE Weber, RJ Wollny, A Gouw, JA Middlebrook, AM Atlas, EL Stohl, A Trainer, MK Cooper, OR Fehsenfeld, FC Frost, GJ Holloway, JS Hubler, G Neuman, JA Ryerson, TB Warneke, C Wilson, JC AF Brock, C. A. Sullivan, A. P. Peltier, R. E. Weber, R. J. Wollny, A. de Gouw, J. A. Middlebrook, A. M. Atlas, E. L. Stohl, A. Trainer, M. K. Cooper, O. R. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Frost, G. J. Holloway, J. S. Hubler, G. Neuman, J. A. Ryerson, T. B. Warneke, C. Wilson, J. C. TI Sources of particulate matter in the northeastern United States in summer: 2. Evolution of chemical and microphysical properties SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AIR-QUALITY; AIRBORNE MEASUREMENTS; AEROSOL COMPOSITION; SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PARTICLE-SIZE; AIRCRAFT; PERFORMANCE AB 1] Measurements of aerosol particle size distributions and composition and of trace and reactive gas mixing ratios were made on the NOAA WP-3D aircraft downwind of mixed urban/ industrial sources in the northeastern United States ( U. S.). These measurements were made in noncloudy air during July and August 2004, under conditions where cloud processing was not likely to play an important role in oxidation chemistry. Under these conditions, particulate sulfate was found to be produced with an exponential time constant of similar to 3.5 d from the gas- phase oxidation of SO2, which was ubiquitous but inhomogeneously distributed in the pollution plumes. When submicron particle mass concentrations exceeded 15 mu g m(-3), sulfate and associated ammonium dominated the composition; at lower mass concentrations particulate organic matter ( OM) dominated. Since most of the urban plumes sampled contained substantial SO2 from nearby industrial sources, the apportionment of aerosol mass between OM and sulfate compounds under noncloudy conditions was governed largely by the differences between the oxidation timescales of SO2 and those of precursor volatile organic compounds ( VOCs) relative to their transport time. These differences in oxidation timescales may explain much of the variability in previously published OM/sulfate ratios for this region. These observations indicate that even with higher-than-expected secondary OM formation, in the northeastern U. S. the potential inorganic particulate mass from SO2 emissions significantly exceeds the potential secondary OM from anthropogenic VOC emissions. C1 [Brock, C. A.; Wollny, A.; de Gouw, J. A.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Stohl, A.; Trainer, M. K.; Cooper, O. R.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Frost, G. J.; Holloway, J. S.; Hubler, G.; Neuman, J. A.; Ryerson, T. B.; Warneke, C.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Sullivan, A. P.; Peltier, R. E.; Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Sullivan, A. P.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Wollny, A.; de Gouw, J. A.; Stohl, A.; Cooper, O. R.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Frost, G. J.; Holloway, J. S.; Hubler, G.; Neuman, J. A.; Warneke, C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. [Wilson, J. C.] Univ Denver, Dept Engn, Denver, CO 80208 USA. RP Brock, CA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RI Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010; Hubler, Gerhard/E-9780-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Cooper, Owen/H-4875-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Ryerson, Tom/C-9611-2009; Frost, Gregory/I-1958-2013; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Neuman, Andy/A-1393-2009; Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Neuman, Andy/0000-0002-3986-1727; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; NR 52 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D8 AR D08302 DI 10.1029/2007JD009241 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295FB UT WOS:000255459300005 ER PT J AU de Gouw, JA Brock, CA Atlas, EL Bates, TS Fehsenfeld, FC Goldan, PD Holloway, JS Kuster, WC Lerner, BM Matthew, BM Middlebrook, AM Onasch, TB Peltier, RE Quinn, PK Senff, CJ Stohl, A Sullivan, AP Trainer, M Warneke, C Weber, RJ Williams, EJ AF de Gouw, J. A. Brock, C. A. Atlas, E. L. Bates, T. S. Fehsenfeld, F. C. Goldan, P. D. Holloway, J. S. Kuster, W. C. Lerner, B. M. Matthew, B. M. Middlebrook, A. M. Onasch, T. B. Peltier, R. E. Quinn, P. K. Senff, C. J. Stohl, A. Sullivan, A. P. Trainer, M. Warneke, C. Weber, R. J. Williams, E. J. TI Sources of particulate matter in the northeastern United States in summer: 1. Direct emissions and secondary formation of organic matter in urban plumes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; ENGLAND AIR-QUALITY; SOURCE APPORTIONMENT; ACE-ASIA; ELEMENTAL CARBON; HYDROCARBON-LIKE; PARTICLE; ATMOSPHERE; CLIMATE; PHASE AB [1] Ship and aircraft measurements of aerosol organic matter ( OM) and water-soluble organic carbon ( WSOC) were made in fresh and aged pollution plumes from major urban areas in the northeastern United States in the framework of the 2004 International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation ( ICARTT) study. A large part of the variability in the data was quantitatively described by a simple parameterization from a previous study that uses measured mixing ratios of CO and either the transport age or the photochemical age of the sampled air masses. The results suggest that OM was mostly due to secondary formation from anthropogenic volatile organic compound ( VOC) precursors in urban plumes. Approximately 37% of the secondary formation can be accounted for by the removal of aromatic precursors using newly published particulate mass yields for low-NOx conditions, which are significantly higher than previous results. Of the secondary formation, 63% remains unexplained and is possibly due to semivolatile precursors that are not measurable by standard gas chromatographic methods. The observed secondary OM in urban plumes may account for 35% of the total source of OM in the United States and 8.5% of the global OM source. OM is an important factor in climate and air quality issues, but its sources and formation mechanisms remain poorly quantified. C1 [de Gouw, J. A.; Brock, C. A.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Goldan, P. D.; Holloway, J. S.; Kuster, W. C.; Lerner, B. M.; Matthew, B. M.; Middlebrook, A. M.; Senff, C. J.; Trainer, M.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E. J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [de Gouw, J. A.; Fehsenfeld, F. C.; Goldan, P. D.; Holloway, J. S.; Lerner, B. M.; Matthew, B. M.; Senff, C. J.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E. J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Atlas, E. L.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Onasch, T. B.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [Peltier, R. E.; Sullivan, A. P.; Weber, R. J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Stohl, A.] Norwegian Inst Air Res, Kjeller, Norway. RP Gouw, JA (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RI Atlas, Elliot/J-8171-2015; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008; Bates, Timothy/L-6080-2016; Quinn, Patricia/R-1493-2016; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Kuster, William/E-7421-2010; Middlebrook, Ann/E-4831-2011; Williams, Eric/F-1184-2010; Senff, Christoph/I-2592-2013; Stohl, Andreas/A-7535-2008; Fehsenfeld, Frederick/I-4876-2013; Trainer, Michael/H-5168-2013; Holloway, John/F-9911-2012; Brock, Charles/G-3406-2011; Lerner, Brian/H-6556-2013; Warneke, Carsten/E-7174-2010 OI de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826; Quinn, Patricia/0000-0003-0337-4895; Kuster, William/0000-0002-8788-8588; Middlebrook, Ann/0000-0002-2984-6304; Stohl, Andreas/0000-0002-2524-5755; Holloway, John/0000-0002-4585-9594; Brock, Charles/0000-0002-4033-4668; Lerner, Brian/0000-0001-8721-8165; NR 92 TC 93 Z9 93 U1 2 U2 29 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D8 AR D08301 DI 10.1029/2007JD009243 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295FB UT WOS:000255459300006 ER PT J AU Gabbai, RD Benaroya, H AF Gabbai, R. D. Benaroya, H. TI A first-principles derivation procedure for wake-body models in vortex-induced vibration: Proof-of-concept SO JOURNAL OF SOUND AND VIBRATION LA English DT Article ID CIRCULAR-CYLINDERS; OSCILLATOR MODEL; INSTABILITIES; WAVES; FLOW AB A generalized variational equation based on the extended Hamilton's principle is presented as the starting point for a procedure from which wake-body models for the two-dimensional vortex-induced vibration of a cylinder can be derived. The case of an elastically mounted cylinder with a transverse degree-of-freedom in a uniform flow is offered as a "model problem" through which this derivation procedure is illustrated. A number of wake-body models from the literature are shown to be recoverable from the more general model derived here. The correspondence with these "classical" models is presented as evidence of the feasibility of incorporating this methodology into vortex-induced vibration modeling. Unlike these comparison models, however, which are often assigned an ad hoc form, any assumptions made in arriving at the derived wake-body model are explicitly stated. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Gabbai, R. D.; Benaroya, H.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ctr Struct Extreme Environm csXe, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Gabbai, R. D.; Benaroya, H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Benaroya, H (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ctr Struct Extreme Environm csXe, 98 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM beniroya@rci.rutgers.edu NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0022-460X J9 J SOUND VIB JI J. Sound Vibr. PD APR 22 PY 2008 VL 312 IS 1-2 BP 19 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.jsv.2007.07.086 PG 20 WC Acoustics; Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics SC Acoustics; Engineering; Mechanics GA 275TA UT WOS:000254093300002 ER PT J AU Miller, NA O'Neil, GC Beall, JA Hilton, GC Irwin, KD Schmidt, DR Vale, LR Ullom, JN AF Miller, N. A. O'Neil, G. C. Beall, J. A. Hilton, G. C. Irwin, K. D. Schmidt, D. R. Vale, L. R. Ullom, J. N. TI High resolution x-ray transition-edge sensor cooled by tunnel junction refrigerators SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NORMAL-METAL AB We demonstrate cooling of an x-ray transition-edge sensor (TES) using solid-state refrigerators based on normal-metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions. We are able to operate the NIS refrigerators at a starting temperature of 260 mK, which is 75 mK above the TES transition temperature (185 mK), and still achieve high quality x-ray spectra with an energy resolution of 9.5 +/- 0.3 eV full width at half maximum at 5.9 keV. The maximum cooling achieved by the NIS refrigerators is 110 mK, from a starting temperature of 300 down to 190 mK. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Miller, N. A.; O'Neil, G. C.; Beall, J. A.; Hilton, G. C.; Irwin, K. D.; Schmidt, D. R.; Vale, L. R.; Ullom, J. N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Miller, NA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM nmiller@boulder.nist.gov RI Tomlin, Nathan/A-4927-2009 OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045 NR 16 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 21 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 16 AR 163501 DI 10.1063/1.2913160 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 295DV UT WOS:000255456100074 ER PT J AU Gischler, E Hudson, JH Pisera, A AF Gischler, Eberhard Hudson, J. Harold Pisera, Andrzej TI Late Quaternary reef growth and sea level in the Maldives (Indian Ocean) SO MARINE GEOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Maldives; reef; sea level; Holocene; Pleistocene ID ABROLHOS ISLANDS; ET-AL.; PERSPECTIVES; ATOLLS; FUTURE; SEYCHELLES; EVOLUTION AB Based on rotary drilling and radiometric and U-series dating, we present the first comprehensive data on Holocene reef anatomy and sea-level rise as well as nature and age of underlying Pleistocene limestone in the Maldives. Holocene reefs in Rasdhoo Atoll, central Maldives, are composed of four facies including (1) robust-branching coral facies, (2) coralline algal facies, (3) domal coral facies, and (4) detrital sand and rubble facies. Branching coral and coralline algal facies predominate the marginal reefs and domal corals and detrital facies preferentially occur in a lagoon reef. In addition, microbialite crusts are found in lower core sections of marginal reefs. Microbialites formed during the early Holocene in reef cavities. Holocene reef thickness ranges from 14.5 m to > 22 m. Reef growth started as early as 8.5 kyr BP. Marginal reefs accreted in the keep-up mode with rates of > 15 m/kyr. Rate of sea-level rise significantly slowed down from 7-6 kyr BP and subsequently gradually rose with rates < 1 m/kyr. The lagoon reef accreted in the catch-up mode with rates of around 4 m/kyr. Even though no indications of a higher than present sea level were found during this study, it is not entirely clear from the data whether the sea gradually rose to or exceeded present level in the late Holocene. Submarine cementation in Holocene reefs studied is rather weak, presumably as a consequence of high accretion-rates, i.e., short time available for consolidation. Pleistocene coral grainstone was encountered in one core at 14.5 m below present level and three U-series dates indicate deposition during marine isotope stage 5e ca. 135 kyr BP. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Gischler, Eberhard] Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geowissensch, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. [Hudson, J. Harold] NOAA, Florida Key Natl Marine Sanctuary, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. [Pisera, Andrzej] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Paleobiol, PL-00818 Warsaw, Poland. RP Gischler, E (reprint author), Goethe Univ Frankfurt, Inst Geowissensch, Altenhoferallee 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany. EM gischier@em.uni-frankfurt.de RI Pisera, Andrzej/F-4429-2011; kohki, sowa/D-2955-2011 NR 39 TC 38 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3227 EI 1872-6151 J9 MAR GEOL JI Mar. Geol. PD APR 21 PY 2008 VL 250 IS 1-2 BP 104 EP 113 DI 10.1016/j.margeo.2008.01.004 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 298MN UT WOS:000255691900007 ER PT J AU Kim, RS Cho, KS Kim, KH Park, YD Moon, YJ Yi, Y Lee, J Wang, H Song, H Dryer, M AF Kim, R. -S. Cho, K. -S. Kim, K. -H. Park, Y. -D. Moon, Y. -J. Yi, Y. Lee, J. Wang, H. Song, H. Dryer, M. TI CME earthward direction as an important geoeffectiveness indicator SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar-terrestrial relations; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs) ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; INTERPLANETARY SHOCK; ARRIVAL TIMES; SOLAR-WIND; MODELS AB Frontside halo coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are generally considered as potential candidates for producing geomagnetic storms, but there was no definite way to predict whether they will hit the Earth or not. Recently Moon et al. suggested that the degree of CME asymmetries, as defined by the ratio of the shortest to the longest distances of the CME front measured from the solar center, be used as a parameter for predicting their geoeffectiveness. They called this quantity a direction parameter, D, as it suggests how much CME propagation is directed to Earth, and examined its forecasting capability using 12 fast halo CMEs. In this paper, we extend this test by using a much larger database (486 frontside halo CMEs from 1997 to 2003) and more robust statistical tools (contingency table and statistical parameters). We compared the forecast capability of this direction parameter to those of other CME parameters, such as location and speed. We found the following results: (1) The CMEs with large direction parameters (D >= 0.4) are highly associated with geomagnetic storms. (2) If the direction parameter increases from 0.4 to 1.0, the geoeffective probability rises from 52% to 84%. (3) All CMEs associated with strong geomagnetic storms (Dst <= -200 nT) are found to have large direction parameters (D >= 0.6). (4) CMEs causing strong geomagnetic storms (Dst <= -100 nT), in spite of their northward magnetic field, have large direction parameters (D >= 0.6). (5) Forecasting capability improves when statistical parameters (e. g., "probability of detection-yes'' and "critical success index'') are employed, in comparison with the forecast solely based on the location and speed of CMEs. These results indicate that the CME direction parameter can be an important indicator for forecasting CME geoeffectiveness. C1 [Kim, R. -S.; Cho, K. -S.; Kim, K. -H.; Park, Y. -D.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Moon, Y. -J.] Kyung Hee Univ, Yongin 446701, South Korea. [Yi, Y.] Chungnam Natl Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Taejon 305754, South Korea. [Lee, J.; Wang, H.; Song, H.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. [Dryer, M.] NOAA, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Kim, RS (reprint author), Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. EM rskim@kasi.re.kr RI Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013; Kim , Khan-Hyuk/E-2361-2013 NR 32 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 677 IS 2 BP 1378 EP 1384 DI 10.1086/528928 PG 7 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 287DV UT WOS:000254898000047 ER PT J AU White, L Wolanski, E AF White, Laurent Wolanski, Eric TI Flow separation and vertical motions in a tidal flow interacting with a shallow-water island SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Rattray Island; island wake; flow separation; upwelling; finite elements ID GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; EDDY FORMATION; CIRCULATION; HEADLANDS; MODELS; WAKES; OCEAN; DEEP AB This paper reports on the case study of Rattray Island (Great Barrier Reef, northeast Australia), lying perpendicular to tidal flow in shallow waters. At ebb and flood, attached (stable) eddies develop in the wake where swirls of turbidity suggest that sediment-laden waters are brought to the surface as a result of vertical transport. Both eddy and tip upwellings are encountered in the tidal flow around Rattray Island but there is currently no clear-cut answer as to which secondary flow generates upwelling with the largest intensity. This paper addresses this specific issue through idealized and realistic high-resolution numerical experiments. The analysis is supported by physical arguments based on the theory of flow separation. Given Rattray's geometry and surrounding bathymetry, the mechanism of flow separation in shallow waters helps explain the asymmetry in size of the eddies and their intensity. The results of idealized numerical experiments also suggest that eddy and tip upwellings may be of similar intensity at Rattray Island. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [White, Laurent] Univ Catholique Louvain, CESAME, B-1348 Louvain, Belgium. [Wolanski, Eric] Australian Inst Marine Sci, Townsville, Qld 4810, Australia. [Wolanski, Eric] James Cook Univ N Queensland, Townsville, Qld 4811, Australia. RP White, L (reprint author), Princeton Univ, GFDL, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM laurent.white@uclouvain.be NR 27 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD APR 20 PY 2008 VL 77 IS 3 BP 457 EP 466 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2007.10.003 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 297GC UT WOS:000255604100015 ER PT J AU Matsumoto, K Sarmiento, JL AF Matsumoto, Katsumi Sarmiento, Jorge L. TI A corollary to the silicic acid leakage hypothesis SO PALEOCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GLACIAL SOUTHERN-OCEAN; CARBON-CYCLE; BIOLOGICAL PRODUCTIVITY; ATMOSPHERIC PCO(2); PACIFIC SECTOR; BOX MODELS; IRON; PUMP; SI; FLUX AB The silicic acid leakage hypothesis (SALH) attempts to explain part of the large and regular atmospheric CO2 changes over the last glacial-interglacial cycles. It calls for a reduction in the carbonate pump through a growth in diatoms at the expense of coccolithophorids in low-latitude surface waters, driven by a "leakage'' of high-Si:N waters from the Southern Ocean. Recent studies that present low opal accumulation rates from the glacial eastern equatorial Pacific have challenged SALH. In a corollary to SALH, we argue that the key to SALH is the dominance of diatoms over coccolithophorids, and this does not depend on the magnitude of diatom production per se. In support of our claim, we show in a numerical model that atmospheric CO2 can be lowered with even a reduced absolute flux of silicic acid leakage, provided that Si: N in the leakage is elevated and that the excess Si can be used by diatoms to shift the floral composition in their favor. C1 [Matsumoto, Katsumi] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Sarmiento, Jorge L.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Matsumoto, K (reprint author), Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, 310 Pillsbury Dr SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. EM katsumi@umn.edu OI Matsumoto, Katsumi/0000-0002-5832-9592 NR 42 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0883-8305 EI 1944-9186 J9 PALEOCEANOGRAPHY JI Paleoceanography PD APR 19 PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 AR PA2203 DI 10.1029/2007PA001515 PG 9 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography; Paleontology SC Geology; Oceanography; Paleontology GA 291NV UT WOS:000255205000001 ER PT J AU Teixeira, SCM Zaccai, G Ankner, J Bellissent-Funel, MC Bewley, R Blakeley, MP Callow, P Coates, L Dahint, R Dalgliesh, R Dencher, NA Forsyth, VT Fragneto, G Frick, B Gilles, R Gutberlet, T Haertlein, M Hauss, T Haussler, W Heller, WT Herwig, K Holderer, O Juranyi, F Kampmann, R Knott, R Krueger, S Langan, P Lechner, RE Lynn, G Majkrzak, C May, RP Meilleur, F Mo, Y Mortensen, K Myles, DAA Natali, F Neylon, C Niimura, N Ollivier, J Ostermann, A Peters, J Pieper, J Ruhm, A Schwahn, D Shibata, K Soper, AK Strassle, T Suzuki, J Tanaka, I Tehei, M Timmins, P Torikai, N Unruh, T Urban, V Vavrin, R Weiss, K AF Teixeira, S. C. M. Zaccai, G. Ankner, J. Bellissent-Funel, M. C. Bewley, R. Blakeley, M. P. Callow, P. Coates, L. Dahint, R. Dalgliesh, R. Dencher, N. A. Forsyth, V. T. Fragneto, G. Frick, B. Gilles, R. Gutberlet, T. Haertlein, M. Hauss, T. Haeussler, W. Heller, W. T. Herwig, K. Holderer, O. Juranyi, F. Kampmann, R. Knott, R. Krueger, S. Langan, P. Lechner, R. E. Lynn, G. Majkrzak, C. May, R. P. Meilleur, F. Mo, Y. Mortensen, K. Myles, D. A. A. Natali, F. Neylon, C. Niimura, N. Ollivier, J. Ostermann, A. Peters, J. Pieper, J. Ruehm, A. Schwahn, D. Shibata, K. Soper, A. K. Straessle, Th. Suzuki, J. Tanaka, I. Tehei, M. Timmins, P. Torikai, N. Unruh, T. Urban, V. Vavrin, R. Weiss, K. TI New sources and instrumentation for neutrons in biology SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Neutron Scattering Highlights on Biological Sytems/4th General Infrastructure Initiative for Neutron Scattering and Muon Spectroscopy Meeting CY OCT 06-11, 2006 CL Taormina, ITALY DE neutron scattering; neutron crystallography; small angle neutron scattering; reflectometry; inelastic neutron scattering; quasi-elastic neutron scattering; proteins; membranes; macromolecular structure and dynamics ID SMALL-ANGLE NEUTRON; X-RAY-SCATTERING; ESCHERICHIA-COLI RIBOSOME; PROTEIN CRYSTALLOGRAPHY; FIBER DIFFRACTION; BACKSCATTERING SPECTROMETER; SPALLATION NEUTRONS; CONTRAST VARIATION; TROPONIN COMPLEX; WATER-MOLECULES AB Neutron radiation offers significant advantages for the study of biological molecular structure and dynamics. A broad and significant effort towards instrumental and methodological development to facilitate biology experiments at neutron sources worldwide is reviewed. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Teixeira, S. C. M.; Zaccai, G.; Blakeley, M. P.; Callow, P.; Forsyth, V. T.; Fragneto, G.; Frick, B.; Haertlein, M.; May, R. P.; Natali, F.; Ollivier, J.; Peters, J.; Tehei, M.; Timmins, P.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Teixeira, S. C. M.; Callow, P.; Forsyth, V. T.] Keele Univ, Res Inst Environm Phys Sci & Appl Math, Keele, Staffs, England. [Heller, W. T.; Lynn, G.; Mo, Y.; Myles, D. A. A.; Urban, V.; Weiss, K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Struct Mol Biol, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Bellissent-Funel, M. C.] CEA Saclay, LLB, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Bewley, R.; Dalgliesh, R.; Neylon, C.; Soper, A. K.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil Sci & Technol Facil Council, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Ankner, J.; Coates, L.; Herwig, K.; Meilleur, F.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Dahint, R.] Univ Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. [Dencher, N. A.; Hauss, T.; Lechner, R. E.] Tech Univ Darmstadt, Dept Chem, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany. [Torikai, N.] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Neutron Sci Lab KENS, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. [Juranyi, F.; Straessle, Th.; Vavrin, R.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5332 Villigen, Switzerland. [Juranyi, F.; Straessle, Th.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5332 Villigen, Switzerland. [Gilles, R.; Haeussler, W.; Ostermann, A.; Unruh, T.] Tech Univ Munich, Forsch Neutronenquelle Heinz Maier Leibnitz FRM 2, D-8046 Garching, Germany. [Gutberlet, T.; Holderer, O.; Schwahn, D.] FRM 2, Julich Ctr Neutron Sci, Forsch Zentrum Julich, Garching, Germany. [Hauss, T.] Hahn Meitner Inst Berlin GmbH, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Kampmann, R.] GKSS Forschungszentrum Geesthacht GmbH, D-21502 Geesthacht, Germany. [Knott, R.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Krueger, S.; Majkrzak, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Langan, P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Biosci Div, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Meilleur, F.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Struct & Mol Biol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Mortensen, K.] Danish Polymer Ctr, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Niimura, N.; Shibata, K.; Tanaka, I.] Ibaraki Univ, Ibaraki 3168511, Japan. [Pieper, J.] Tech Univ Berlin, D-10623 Berlin, Germany. [Ruehm, A.] MPI Fuer Metallforsch, ZWE FRM 2, N REX, D-85747 Munich, Germany. [Suzuki, J.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, J PARC Ctr, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. RP Teixeira, SCM (reprint author), Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, 6 Rue Jules Horowitz, F-38042 Grenoble, France. EM teixeira@ill.fr RI Teixeira, Susana/H-2205-2016; Blakeley, Matthew/G-7984-2015; Unruh, Tobias/C-8946-2013; Urban, Volker/N-5361-2015; Mortensen, Kell/A-5066-2009; Forsyth, V. Trevor/A-9129-2010; Frick, Bernhard/C-2756-2011; Langan, Paul/N-5237-2015; HauSS, Thomas/O-4667-2015; Herwig, Kenneth/F-4787-2011; Weiss, Kevin/I-4669-2013; myles, dean/D-5860-2016; Dencher, Norbert/G-6640-2014; Gutberlet, Thomas/D-5613-2014; Teixeira, Susana/H-2824-2013 OI Peters, Judith/0000-0001-5151-7710; Ostermann, Andreas/0000-0002-1477-5590; Tehei, Moeava/0000-0003-3654-6833; Teixeira, Susana/0000-0002-6603-7936; Blakeley, Matthew/0000-0002-6412-4358; Ankner, John/0000-0002-6737-5718; Coates, Leighton/0000-0003-2342-049X; Neylon, Cameron/0000-0002-0068-716X; Urban, Volker/0000-0002-7962-3408; Mortensen, Kell/0000-0002-8998-9390; Forsyth, V. Trevor/0000-0003-0380-3477; Langan, Paul/0000-0002-0247-3122; HauSS, Thomas/0000-0001-9325-6432; Weiss, Kevin/0000-0002-6486-8007; myles, dean/0000-0002-7693-4964; Gutberlet, Thomas/0000-0002-6194-2259; Teixeira, Susana/0000-0002-1967-0026 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [R01 GM071939-05] NR 99 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 345 IS 2-3 BP 133 EP 151 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2008.02.030 PG 19 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 298RH UT WOS:000255704300002 PM 19132140 ER PT J AU Sokolov, AP Roh, JH Mamontov, E Sakai, VG AF Sokolov, A. P. Roh, J. H. Mamontov, E. Sakai, V. Garcia TI Role of hydration water in dynamics of biological macromolecules SO CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT International Workshop on Neutron Scattering Highlights on Biological Sytems/4th General Infrastructure Initiative for Neutron Scattering and Muon Spectroscopy Meeting CY OCT 06-11, 2006 CL Taormina, ITALY DE protein dynamics; RNA dynamics; neutron scattering; hydration water ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS; GLASS-TRANSITION; PROTEIN DYNAMICS; SOLID-STATE; RELAXATION; MYOGLOBIN; LYSOZYME; DNA AB We present an overview of neutron scattering studies of the dynamics in hydrated and dry protein and RNA. We demonstrate that the difference observed in the dynamics of dry lysozyme and dry RNA is related to the methyl group contributions to the protein dynamics. Hydration of biological macromolecules leads to significant activation of conformational transitions. They appear in neutron scattering spectra as an additional slow relaxation process that exhibits a strongly stretched spectral shape and slightly non-Arrhenius temperature dependence of the characteristic relaxation time. Our analysis suggests that the appearance of this relaxation process in the experimentally accessible frequency window is the main cause for the sharp rise of the atomic mean-squared displacements (the so-called dynamic transition) that takes place in hydrated biomolecules at T approximate to 200-220 K. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sokolov, A. P.] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. [Roh, J. H.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Roh, J. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mamontov, E.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Spallat Neutron Source, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Sakai, V. Garcia] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Mol Spect Grp, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Sokolov, AP (reprint author), Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Sci, Akron, OH 44325 USA. EM alexei@uakron.edu RI Mamontov, Eugene/Q-1003-2015; OI Mamontov, Eugene/0000-0002-5684-2675; Garcia Sakai, Victoria/0000-0001-6570-4218 NR 28 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-0104 J9 CHEM PHYS JI Chem. Phys. PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 345 IS 2-3 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.07.013 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 298RH UT WOS:000255704300012 ER PT J AU Del Toro-Silva, FM Miller, JM Taylor, JC Ellis, TA AF Del Toro-Silva, F. M. Miller, J. M. Taylor, J. C. Ellis, T. A. TI Influence of oxygen and temperature on growth and metabolic performance of Paralichthys lethostigma (Pleuronectiformes : Paralichthyidae) SO JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth rate; hypoxia; metabolic scope; Paralichthys lethostigma; temperature interactions ID JUVENILE SOUTHERN FLOUNDER; NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; BINDING-PROPERTIES; DISSOLVED-OXYGEN; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; RAINBOW-TROUT; WATER TEMPERATURE; EPISODIC HYPOXIA; WINTER FLOUNDER; HABITAT QUALITY AB In this study, we apply Fry's classification of environmental factors to demonstrate the limiting effects of oxygen and its interaction with temperature on the growth of juvenile P. lethostigma. We also evaluated the properties of two metabolic indices, marginal metabolic scope (MMS) and limiting oxygen concentration (LOC), as indicators of metabolic scope. We found that oxygen limitation has its greatest impact near the optimum temperature for growth of the species. At 29 degrees C a reduction from 6.00 mg/L to 4.00 mg/L caused a 50% reduction in growth rate while at 27 degrees C the reduction had no significant effect on growth rate. The results are particularly relevant because these temperatures and oxygen concentrations are commonly observed in nursery areas during summer months. At all temperatures fish from the lowest oxygen treatment (1.75 mg/L) had negative growth rates. Comparisons between daily oscillating oxygen treatments and constant treatments failed to demonstrate significant effects. At temperatures past the optimum, growth rates between the 6.00 mg/L and 4.00 mg/L treatments were not statistically different. LOC was significantly affected by temperature, oxygen, and their interaction. Estimates were positively correlated with oxygen treatment (R-2>0.71) and negatively correlated with temperature at moderate and low oxygen concentrations (R-2>-0.84). MMS was significantly affected by temperature and oxygen and was significantly correlated with oxygen treatment (R-2>-0.91), but correlations with temperature were not as clear. In conclusion, oxygen and temperature interactions have significant effects on metabolic scope and growth rates of fish, well above the accepted hypoxia threshold of 2.00 mg/L and MMS has proved a useful estimator of the metabolic scope of the organism within an environment. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Del Toro-Silva, F. M.; Miller, J. M.; Ellis, T. A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Taylor, J. C.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Del Toro-Silva, FM (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, 303 Coll Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM fmdeltor@ncsu.edu NR 53 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0022-0981 J9 J EXP MAR BIOL ECOL JI J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol. PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 358 IS 2 BP 113 EP 123 DI 10.1016/j.jembe.2008.01.019 PG 11 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 298HX UT WOS:000255678500001 ER PT J AU Lundblad, N Lee, PJ Spielman, IB Brown, BL Phillips, WD Porto, JV AF Lundblad, N. Lee, P. J. Spielman, I. B. Brown, B. L. Phillips, W. D. Porto, J. V. TI Atoms in a radio-frequency-dressed optical lattice SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ULTRACOLD ATOMS; NEUTRAL ATOMS; POTENTIALS; WAVE AB We load cold atoms into an optical lattice dramatically reshaped by radio-frequency coupling of state-dependent lattice potentials. This radio-frequency dressing changes the unit cell of the lattice at a subwavelength scale, such that its curvature and topology departs strongly from that of a simple sinusoidal lattice potential. Radio-frequency dressing has previously been performed at length scales from mm to tens of mu m, but not at the single-optical-wavelength scale. At this length scale significant coupling between adiabatic potentials leads to nonadiabatic transitions, which we measure as a function of lattice depth and dressing amplitude. We also investigate the dressing by measuring changes in the momentum distribution of the dressed states. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lundblad, N (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nathan.lundblad@nist.gov RI Lundblad, Nathan/A-9965-2009; Lee, Patricia/B-6146-2012; OI Lundblad, Nathan/0000-0003-0430-8064; Brown, Benjamin/0000-0002-4873-6362 NR 26 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 15 AR 150401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.150401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 290IZ UT WOS:000255117800001 PM 18518085 ER PT J AU Vaishnav, JY Clark, CW AF Vaishnav, J. Y. Clark, Charles W. TI Observing Zitterbewegung with ultracold atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID GRAPHENE; ANALOG AB We propose an optical lattice scheme which would permit the experimental observation of Zitterbewegung (ZB) with ultracold, neutral atoms. A four-level tripod variant of the setup for stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) has previously been proposed for generating non-Abelian gauge fields. Dirac-like Hamiltonians, which exhibit ZB, are simple examples of such non-Abelian gauge fields; we show how a variety of them can arise, and how ZB can be observed, in a tripod system. We predict that the ZB should occur at experimentally accessible frequencies and amplitudes. C1 [Vaishnav, J. Y.; Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vaishnav, JY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885 NR 18 TC 120 Z9 122 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 15 AR 153002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.153002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 290IZ UT WOS:000255117800018 PM 18518102 ER PT J AU Zheludev, A Garlea, VO Regnault, LP Manaka, H Tsvelik, A Chung, JH AF Zheludev, A. Garlea, V. O. Regnault, L. -P. Manaka, H. Tsvelik, A. Chung, J. -H. TI Extended universal finite-T renormalization of excitations in a class of one-dimensional quantum magnets SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NONLINEAR-SIGMA-MODEL; SPIN DYNAMICS; HALDANE-GAP; HEISENBERG ANTIFERROMAGNETS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; CHAIN; CSNICL3; LADDERS; STATE AB Temperature dependencies of gap energies and magnon lifetimes are measured in the quasi-one-dimensional S=1/2 gapped quantum magnets (CH(3))(2)CHNH(3)CuCL(3) (IPA-CuCl(3), where IPA denotes isopropyl ammonium) and Cu(2)Cl(4)center dot D(8)C(4)SO(2) (Sul-Cu(2)Cl(4)) using inelastic neutron scattering. The results are compared to those found in literature for S=1 Haldane spin chain materials and to theoretical calculations for the O(3)- and O(N)- quantum nonlinear sigma-models. It is found that when the T=0 energy gap Delta is used as the temperature scale, all experimental and theoretical curves are identical to within system-dependent but temperature-independent scaling factors of the order of unity. This quasi-universality extends over a surprising broad T range, at least up to kappa T similar to 1.5 Delta. C1 [Zheludev, A.; Garlea, V. O.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Regnault, L. -P.] CEA, DRFMC SPSMS MDN, F-38054 Grenoble 9, France. [Manaka, H.] Kagoshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan. [Tsvelik, A.] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chung, J. -H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zheludev, A (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM zheludevai@ornl.gov RI Garlea, Vasile/A-4994-2016 OI Garlea, Vasile/0000-0002-5322-7271 NR 30 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 15 AR 157204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.157204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 290IZ UT WOS:000255117800064 PM 18518148 ER PT J AU Hoegh-Guldberg, O Mumby, PJ Hooten, AJ Steneck, RS Greenfield, P Gomez, E Harvell, DR Sale, PF Edwards, AJ Caldeira, K Knowlton, N Eakin, CM Iglesias-Prieto, R Muthiga, N Bradbury, RH Dubi, A Hatziolos, ME AF Hoegh-Guldberg, O. Mumby, P. J. Hooten, A. J. Steneck, R. S. Greenfield, P. Gomez, E. Harvell, D. R. Sale, P. F. Edwards, A. J. Caldeira, K. Knowlton, N. Eakin, C. M. Iglesias-Prieto, R. Muthiga, N. Bradbury, R. H. Dubi, A. Hatziolos, M. E. TI Coral adaptation in the face of climate change - Response SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter C1 [Hoegh-Guldberg, O.] Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Mumby, P. J.] Univ Exeter, Sch Biol & Chem Sci, Marine Spatial Ecol Lab, Exeter EX4 4QL, Devon, England. [Hooten, A. J.] AJH Environm Serv, Bethesda, MD 20814 USA. [Steneck, R. S.] Univ Maine, Darling Marine Ctr, Sch Marine Sci, Walpole, ME 04573 USA. [Greenfield, P.] Univ Queensland, The Chancellery, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. [Gomez, E.] Univ Philippines, Inst Marine Sci, Quezon City, Philippines. [Harvell, D. R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolut Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Sale, P. F.] UN Univ, Int Network Water Environm & Hlth, Hamilton, ON L8N 1E9, Canada. [Edwards, A. J.] Univ Newcastle, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, Tyne & Wear, England. [Caldeira, K.] Carnegie Inst Washington, Dept Global Ecol, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Knowlton, N.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Eakin, C. M.] NOAA Coral Reef Watch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Iglesias-Prieto, R.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Inst Ciencias Mar & Limnol, Unidad Acad Puerto Morelos, Cancun 77500, QR, Mexico. [Muthiga, N.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Bronx, NY 10460 USA. [Bradbury, R. H.] Australian Natl Univ, Resource Management Asia Pacific Program, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia. [Dubi, A.] Univ Dar Es Salaam, Inst Marine Sci, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. [Hatziolos, M. E.] World Bank, Dept Environm, Washington, DC 20433 USA. RP Hoegh-Guldberg, O (reprint author), Univ Queensland, Ctr Marine Studies, St Lucia, Qld 4072, Australia. EM oveh@uq.edu.au RI Sale, Patrizio /K-8757-2016; Edwards, Alasdair/C-9558-2009; Mumby, Peter/F-9914-2010; Iglesias-Prieto, Roberto/E-4921-2011; Caldeira, Ken/E-7914-2011; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/H-6169-2011; Eakin, C. Mark/F-5585-2010 OI Sale, Patrizio /0000-0002-4850-3673; Edwards, Alasdair/0000-0002-2979-7389; Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove/0000-0001-7510-6713; NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 18 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5874 BP 315 EP 316 PG 2 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 288ZZ UT WOS:000255026100014 ER PT J AU Clark, PU Delworth, TL Weaver, AJ AF Clark, Peter U. Delworth, Thomas L. Weaver, Andrew J. TI Freshwater forcing: Will history repeat itself? SO SCIENCE LA English DT Letter ID CLIMATE C1 [Clark, Peter U.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Delworth, Thomas L.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Weaver, Andrew J.] Univ Victoria, Sch Earth & Ocean Sci, Victoria, BC V8W 3P6, Canada. RP Clark, PU (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Geosci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. RI Weaver, Andrew/E-7590-2011; Delworth, Thomas/C-5191-2014 NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD APR 18 PY 2008 VL 320 IS 5874 BP 316 EP 316 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 288ZZ UT WOS:000255026100015 PM 18420916 ER PT J AU Fromm, M Torres, O Diner, D Lindsey, D Hull, BV Servranckx, R Shettle, EP Li, Z AF Fromm, M. Torres, O. Diner, D. Lindsey, D. Hull, B. Vant Servranckx, R. Shettle, E. P. Li, Z. TI Stratospheric impact of the Chisholm pyrocumulonimbus eruption: 1. Earth-viewing satellite perspective SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER MISR; BIOMASS BURNING PARTICLES; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH; FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; PART II; CLOUD; MODIS; RETRIEVAL; SIMULATION; CONVECTION AB The pyrocumulonimbus storm near Chisholm, Alberta, on 28 May 2001 has been studied in depth. However, the impact of this eruption on the lower stratosphere has not been characterized. Here and in a companion paper we explore this topic. This paper focuses on the "young" Chisholm smoke plume, from the age of similar to 3 h to 1 week, as observed by Earth-viewing satellite instruments. (The companion paper presents strictly profile data.) GOES visible and infrared image loops reveal the pyroconvective life cycle and initial transport of the smoke cloud. MISR stereographic heights are the first of their kind for a stratospheric cloud, showing smoke up to 5 km above the tropopause on 29 May. MODIS IR and visible images are analyzed to give constraints on plume height, thickness, and particle size. Infrared brightness temperature analyses reveal unique aspects of the "day-after" Chisholm plume. Particle sizes are 1/3 to 1/2 compared to normal cirrus crystals. The daytime 29 May plume is optically thick at tropopause temperatures yet smoky brown. A transition from deep anvil blow off to "dry" smoke is still occurring after similar to 1.5 d. TOMS aerosol index is used as a proxy for areas of particularly high smoke plume altitude. The Chisholm smoke in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere is traced with AI for 1 week as the plume blows across North America to western Europe. First estimates are made of stratospheric smoke mass in relation to emissions during pyroconvection. The 29 May stratospheric Chisholm pyroCb plume contains a mass between similar to 1.39 x 10(4) and 1.09 x 10(5) t. This represents between similar to 10% and 121% of total particle mass emitted from the fire on 28 May, calling into question some frequently assumed values for smoke single scatter albedo and/or emission estimates. Strictly in terms of mass, the stratospheric Chisholm plume amounted to similar to 15% of background Northern Hemispheric stratospheric sulfate aerosol. Overall, the young pyroCb plume is seen to be a peculiar mixture of smoke aerosols and water-ice that confounds operational cloud/aerosol detection routines and exhibits extreme, and still mysterious, composition and life cycle features. C1 [Fromm, M.; Shettle, E. P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Torres, O.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Torres, O.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Joint Ctr Earth Syst Technol, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Diner, D.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lindsey, D.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Reg & Mesoscale Meteorol Branch, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hull, B. Vant] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Servranckx, R.] Canadian Meteorol Ctr, Dorval, PQ H9P 1J3, Canada. [Li, Z.] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Fromm, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil RI Li, Zhanqing/F-4424-2010; Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Torres, Omar/G-4929-2013; Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Li, Zhanqing/0000-0001-6737-382X; Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 NR 55 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D8 AR D08202 DI 10.1029/2007JD009153 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 291MW UT WOS:000255202500003 ER PT J AU Fromm, M Shettle, EP Fricke, KH Ritter, C Trickl, T Giehl, H Gerding, M Barnes, JE O'Neill, M Massie, ST Blum, U McDermid, IS Leblanc, T Deshler, T AF Fromm, M. Shettle, E. P. Fricke, K. H. Ritter, C. Trickl, T. Giehl, H. Gerding, M. Barnes, J. E. O'Neill, M. Massie, S. T. Blum, U. McDermid, I. S. Leblanc, T. Deshler, T. TI Stratospheric impact of the Chisholm pyrocumulonimbus eruption: 2. Vertical profile perspective SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; FOREST-FIRE SMOKE; POAM-III; SAGE-II; TROPOSPHERE EXCHANGE; LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; RAMAN LIDAR; AEROSOL; EXTINCTION; TRANSPORT AB Extreme pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) blowups that pollute the stratosphere have been documented on at least five occasions. However, the frequency of these events is still uncertain. One published pyroCb case study, the Chisholm Fire in May 2001, was restricted to the convective phase and its immediate aftermath. Here and in a companion paper we describe the stratospheric impact of the Chisholm pyroCb. The companion paper focuses on nadir satellite views of the plume. This paper synthesizes a broad array of space-, balloon-, and ground-based profile measurements. The Chisholm pyroCb, which we identify as the singular cause of stratospheric aerosol increase in northern spring/summer of 2001, created a doubling of the zonal average aerosol optical depth in the lowermost stratosphere. The meridional spread of the plume was from the tropics (20 degrees N) to the high Arctic (79 degrees N) within the first month. The stratospheric Chisholm smoke became a hemispheric phenomenon in midlatitudes and northern tropics and persisted for at least 3 months. A size-resolved particle concentration profile over Laramie, Wyoming, indicated a lower stratospheric aerosol with a twofold to threefold increase in volume of particles with radii between 0.3 and 0.6 mm. We also find evidence of localized warming in the air masses of four of the lidar-measured smoke layers. This work contains the first reported stratospheric smoke layers measured by lidar at Ny Alesund, Esrange, Kuhlungsborn, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Boulder, and Mauna Loa. In addition, the first detection of smoke-enhanced aerosol extinction at near IR wavelengths by the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) is introduced. C1 [Fromm, M.; Shettle, E. P.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Fricke, K. H.] Univ Bonn, Inst Phys, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Ritter, C.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Potsdam, Germany. [Trickl, T.; Giehl, H.] Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, IMK IFU, Garmisch Partenkirchen, Germany. [Gerding, M.] Leibniz Inst Atmospher Phys, Kuhlungsborn, Germany. [Barnes, J. E.; O'Neill, M.] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Massie, S. T.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Blum, U.] Forsvarets Forskningsinst, Kjeller, Norway. [McDermid, I. S.; Leblanc, T.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Table Mt Facil, Wrightwood, CA USA. [Deshler, T.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Fromm, M (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM mike.fromm@nrl.navy.mil RI Fromm, Michael/F-4639-2010; Trickl, Thomas/F-7331-2010; Garmisch-Pa, Ifu/H-9902-2014 NR 62 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D8 AR D08203 DI 10.1029/2007JD009147 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 291MW UT WOS:000255202500002 ER PT J AU Anderson, CNK Hsieh, CH Sandin, SA Hewitt, R Hollowed, A Beddington, J May, RM Sugihara, G AF Anderson, Christian N. K. Hsieh, Chih-Hao Sandin, Stuart A. Hewitt, Roger Hollowed, Anne Beddington, John May, Robert M. Sugihara, George TI Why fishing magnifies fluctuations in fish abundance SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID ECOLOGICAL TIME-SERIES; COD GADUS-MORHUA; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; AGE STRUCTURE; LIFE-HISTORY; FISHERIES; SIZE; SUSTAINABILITY; CONSEQUENCES AB It is now clear that fished populations can fluctuate more than unharvested stocks. However, it is not clear why. Here we distinguish among three major competing mechanisms for this phenomenon, by using the 50- year California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations ( CalCOFI) larval fish record. First, variable fishing pressure directly increases variability in exploited populations. Second, commercial fishing can decrease the average body size and age of a stock, causing the truncated population to track environmental fluctuations directly. Third, age- truncated or juvenescent populations have increasingly unstable population dynamics because of changing demographic parameters such as intrinsic growth rates. We find no evidence for the first hypothesis, limited evidence for the second and strong evidence for the third. Therefore, in California Current fisheries, increased temporal variability in the population does not arise from variable exploitation, nor does it reflect direct environmental tracking. More fundamentally, it arises from increased instability in dynamics. This finding has implications for resource management as an empirical example of how selective harvesting can alter the basic dynamics of exploited populations, and lead to unstable booms and busts that can precede systematic declines in stock levels. C1 [Anderson, Christian N. K.; Hsieh, Chih-Hao; Sandin, Stuart A.; Sugihara, George] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Hsieh, Chih-Hao] Kyoto Univ, Ctr Ecol Res, Otsu, Shiga 5202113, Japan. [Hsieh, Chih-Hao] Natl Taiwan Univ, Inst Oceanog, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Hsieh, Chih-Hao] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Environm Chem & Ecol, Chilung 20224, Taiwan. [Hewitt, Roger] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Hollowed, Anne] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Beddington, John] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Div Biol, Fac Nat Sci, London SW7 2AZ, England. [May, Robert M.] Univ Oxford, Dept Zool, Oxford OX1 3PS, England. RP Sugihara, G (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. EM gsugihara@ucsd.edu RI Hsieh, Chih-hao/B-3797-2008 OI Hsieh, Chih-hao/0000-0001-5935-7272 NR 50 TC 278 Z9 286 U1 20 U2 173 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 EI 1476-4687 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD APR 17 PY 2008 VL 452 IS 7189 BP 835 EP 839 DI 10.1038/nature06851 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 288ZY UT WOS:000255026000040 PM 18421346 ER PT J AU Schaeffer, SM Anderson, DE Burns, SP Monson, RK Sun, J Bowling, DR AF Schaeffer, Sean M. Anderson, Dean E. Burns, Sean P. Monson, Russell K. Sun, Jielun Bowling, David R. TI Canopy structure and atmospheric flows in relation to the delta C-13 of respired CO2 in a subalpine coniferous forest SO AGRICULTURAL AND FOREST METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE drainage flow; humidity; micrometeorology; soil moisture ID CARBON-ISOTOPE DISCRIMINATION; VAPOR-PRESSURE DEFICIT; TURBULENT FLUX MEASUREMENTS; ECOSYSTEM RESPIRATION; MOUNTAINOUS TERRAIN; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROLS; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; NATURAL-ABUNDANCE; SOIL RESPIRATION; DECIDUOUS FOREST AB stable isotopes provide insight into ecosystem carbon cycling, plant physiological processes, atmospheric boundary-layer dynamics, and are useful for the integration of processes over multiple scales. of particular interest is the carbon isotope content (delta C-13) of nocturnal ecosystem-respired CO2 (delta(R)). Recent advances in technology have made it possible to continuously examine the variation in delta(R) within a forest canopy over relatively long time-scales (months-years). We used tunable diode laser spectroscopy to examine delta(R) at within- and below-canopy spatial locations in a Colorado subalpine forest (the Niwot Ridge Ameri Flux site). We found a systematic pattern of increased delta(R) within the forest canopy (delta(R-C)) compared to that near the ground (delta(R-g)) Values Of delta(R-C) were weakly correlated with the previous day's mean maximum daytime vapor pressure deficit (VPD). Conversely, there was a negative but still weak correlation between delta(R-g) and time-lagged (0-5 days) daily mean soil moisture. The topography and presence of sustained nightly drainage flows at the Niwot Ridge forest site suggests that, on nights with stable atmospheric conditions, there is little mixing of air near the ground with that in the canopy. Atmospheric stability was assessed using thresholds of friction velocity, stability above the canopy, and bulk Richardson number within the canopy. When we selectively calculated delta(R-g) and delta(R-c) by removing time periods when ground and canopy air were well mixed, we found stronger correlations between delta(R-g) and VPD, and delta(R-g) and soil moisture. This suggests that there may be fundamental differences in the environmental controls on delta(R) at sub-canopy spatial scales. These results may help explain the wide variance observed in the correlation Of delta(R) with different environmental parameters in other studies. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schaeffer, Sean M.; Bowling, David R.] Univ Utah, Dept Biol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. [Anderson, Dean E.] US Geol Survey, Denver, CO 80225 USA. [Burns, Sean P.; Sun, Jielun] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Burns, Sean P.; Monson, Russell K.] Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Boulder, CO USA. [Burns, Sean P.; Monson, Russell K.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Schaeffer, SM (reprint author), Univ Utah, Dept Biol, 257 S 1400 E, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. EM schaeffer@biology.utah.edu RI Burns, Sean/A-9352-2008; Schaeffer, Sean/G-5071-2012; Sun, Jielun/H-6576-2015; OI Burns, Sean/0000-0002-6258-1838; Sun, Jielun/0000-0003-3271-7914; Schaeffer, Sean/0000-0002-9684-2952 NR 74 TC 28 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-1923 J9 AGR FOREST METEOROL JI Agric. For. Meteorol. PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 148 IS 4 BP 592 EP 605 DI 10.1016/j.agrformet.2007.11.003 PG 14 WC Agronomy; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Agriculture; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 295DR UT WOS:000255455700006 ER PT J AU Sciortino, F De Michele, C Douglas, JF AF Sciortino, Francesco De Michele, Cristiano Douglas, Jack F. TI Growth of equilibrium polymers under non-equilibrium conditions SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID DIRECTIONAL ATTRACTIVE FORCES; PROTEIN-PROTEIN ASSOCIATION; ENTHALPY-ENTROPY COMPENSATION; PHASE-SEPARATION; LIVING POLYMERS; LATTICE MODEL; THERMODYNAMIC RELAXATION; COLLOIDAL CLUSTERS; BUILDING-BLOCKS; MONTE-CARLO AB We investigate the kinetics of self-assembly by means of Brownian dynamics simulation based on a idealized fluid model ( two 'sticky' spots on a sphere) in which the particles are known to form into dynamic polymer chains at equilibrium. To illustrate the slow evolution of the properties of these self-assembling fluids to their equilibrium assembled state values at long times, we perform Brownian dynamics simulations over a range of quench depths from the high temperature unassembled state to the low temperature assembled state. We investigate the time dependence of the average chain length ( cluster mass), the order parameter for the assembly transition ( fraction of particles in the chain state) and the potential energy of the fluid. The rate constant governing the self-assembly ordering process depends both on kinetic-related factors ( the particle hydrodynamic radius and the fluid viscosity) and on thermodynamic energetic variables governing the self-assembly transition (i.e., the entropy and enthalpy of assembly). We provide evidence that an essentially parameter-free description of the polymerization kinetics can be formulated for this model. C1 [Sciortino, Francesco; De Michele, Cristiano] Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Sciortino, Francesco; De Michele, Cristiano] Univ Roma La Sapienza, INFM, CNR SOFT, I-00185 Rome, Italy. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sciortino, F (reprint author), Univ Roma La Sapienza, Dipartimento Fis, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, I-00185 Rome, Italy. RI Sciortino, Francesco/B-4768-2012; De Michele, Cristiano/C-2345-2015 OI De Michele, Cristiano/0000-0002-8367-0610 NR 78 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD APR 16 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 15 AR 155101 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/15/155101 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 279BE UT WOS:000254329200003 ER PT J AU Cannon, SH Gartner, JE Wilson, RC Bowers, JC Laber, JL AF Cannon, Susan H. Gartner, Joseph E. Wilson, Raymond C. Bowers, James C. Laber, Jayme L. TI Storm rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows from recently burned areas in southwestern Colorado and southern California SO GEOMORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Geological-Society-of-America CY OCT 16-19, 2005 CL Salt Lake City, UT SP Geol Soc Amer DE debris flow; rainfall intensity-duration thresholds; wildfire; warning systems ID KING MOUNTAIN; INITIATION; INTENSITY; FIRE; USA; LANDSLIDES; WATERSHEDS; THRESHOLD AB Debris flows generated during rain storms on recently burned areas have destroyed lives and property throughout the Western U.S. Field evidence indicate that unlike landslide-triggered debris flows, these events have no identifiable initiation source and can occur with little or no antecedent moisture. Using rain gage and response data from five fires in Colorado and southern California, we document the rainfall conditions that have triggered post-fire debris flows and develop empirical rainfall intensity-duration thresholds for the occurrence of debris flows and floods following wildfires in these settings. This information can provide guidance for warning systems and planning for emergency response in similar settings. Debris flows were produced from 25 recently burned basins in Colorado in response to 13 short-duration, high-intensity convective storms. Debris flows were triggered after as little as six to 10 min of storm rainfall. About 80% of the storms that generated debris flows lasted less than 3 h, with most of the rain falling in less than 1 h. The storms triggering debris flows ranged in average intensity between 1.0 and 32.0 nun/h, and had recurrence intervals of two years or less. Threshold rainfall conditions for floods and debris flows sufficiently large to pose threats to life and property from recently burned areas in south-central, and southwestern, Colorado are defined by: I=6.5D(-0.7) and I=9.5D(-0.7), respectively, where I=rainfall intensity (in mm/h) and D=duration (in hours). Debris flows were generated from 68 recently burned areas in southern California in response to long-duration frontal storms. The flows occurred after as little as two hours, and up to 16 h, of low-intensity (2-10 mm/h) rainfall. The storms lasted between 5.5 and 33 h, with average intensities between 1.3 and 20.4 mm/h, and had recurrence intervals of two years or less. Threshold rainfall conditions for life-and property-threatening floods and debris flows during the first winter season following fires in Ventura County, and in the San Bernardino, San Gabriel and San Jacinto Mountains of southern California are defined by I=12.5D(-0.4), and I=7.2D(-0.4), respectively. A threshold defined for flood and debris-flow conditions following a year of vegetative recovery and sediment removal for the San Bernardino, San Gabriel and San Jacinto Mountains of I-14.0D(-0.5) is approximately 25 mm/h higher than that developed for the first year following fires. The thresholds defined here are significantly lower than most identified for unburned settings, perhaps because of the difference between extremely rapid, runoff-dominated processes acting in burned areas and longer-term, infiltration-dominated processes on unburned hillslopes. Crown Copyright (C) 2007 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Cannon, Susan H.; Gartner, Joseph E.] US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Wilson, Raymond C.] US Geol Survey, Menlo Pk, CA USA. [Bowers, James C.] US Geol Survey, Apple Valley, CA 92307 USA. [Laber, Jayme L.] Natl Weather Serv, Oxnard, CA 93030 USA. RP Cannon, SH (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM cannon@usgs.gov NR 50 TC 122 Z9 133 U1 3 U2 41 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0169-555X J9 GEOMORPHOLOGY JI Geomorphology PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 96 IS 3-4 BP 250 EP 269 DI 10.1016/j.geomorph.2007.03.019 PG 20 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 298HG UT WOS:000255676400002 ER PT J AU Chiang, JCH Cheng, W Bitz, CM AF Chiang, John C. H. Cheng, Wei Bitz, Cecilia M. TI Fast teleconnections to the tropical Atlantic sector from Atlantic thermohaline adjustment SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CIRCULATION; OCEAN; VARIABILITY; SYSTEM; MODEL AB We examine the first decade of adjustment of the North Atlantic climate following an abrupt freshening of the high North Atlantic and resulting slowdown of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) in a coupled model, with reference to previously proposed teleconnection mechanisms. After an initial ocean-driven cooling at the subtropical-subpolar gyre boundary, subsequent equatorward progression is dominated by an atmosphere-surface ocean mechanism driving evaporative cooling in the tropical North Atlantic, and resulting in an anomalous southward ITCZ displacement by year 2. The tropical cooling is countered by fast ocean baroclinic adjustment to the reduced overturning that increases the volume of tropical surface waters, as well as ocean circulation changes to the increased northeasterly trades. However, it is the atmosphere-surface ocean teleconnection that explains the hemispheric asymmetric nature of the tropical Atlantic surface climate impact to AMOC slowdown, underlining its crucial importance in high-to-low latitude teleconnections. C1 [Chiang, John C. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Chiang, John C. H.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Ctr Atmospher Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Bitz, Cecilia M.] Univ Washington, Dept Atmospher Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cheng, Wei] Pacific Marine Environm Lab, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Chiang, JCH (reprint author), Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Geog, 547 McCone Hall, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM jchiang@atmos.berkeley.edu RI Chiang, John/A-9421-2010; Bitz, Cecilia/S-8423-2016 OI Bitz, Cecilia/0000-0002-9477-7499 NR 20 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 7 AR L07704 DI 10.1029/2008GL033292 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 291MK UT WOS:000255201300002 ER PT J AU Cockayne, E AF Cockayne, Eric TI Effect of ionic substitutions on the structure and dielectric properties of hafnia: A first principles study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID AUGMENTED-WAVE METHOD; GATE DIELECTRICS; SYSTEM; PSEUDOPOTENTIALS; 1ST-PRINCIPLES AB First principles calculations were used to study the effects of Si, Ti, Zr, and Ta (+N) substitutional impurities on the structure and dielectric properties of crystalline HfO(2). The dielectric constant of monoclinic HfO(2) can be enhanced by substituting more polarizable ions for Hf, but the band gap is decreased. Enhancing the permittivity without decreasing the band gap requires forming the tetragonal or cubic phase of HfO(2). Among the ions studied, Si alone is found to stabilize a nonmonoclinic phase of HfO(2) relative to the monoclinic phase, but only at an atomic concentration above about 20%. Various experiments have reported the formation of nonmonoclinic phases of HfO(2) with increased permittivity when other ions are substituted for Hf. It is concluded that these structures are, in general, either metastable or are stabilized by extrinsic factors or by a layered arrangement of the substitutional cations. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cockayne, E (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.cockayne@nist.gov NR 38 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 8 AR 084103 DI 10.1063/1.2903870 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 295DW UT WOS:000255456200117 ER PT J AU Kim, J McDonough, WG Blair, W Holmes, GA AF Kim, J. McDonough, W. G. Blair, W. Holmes, G. A. TI The Modified-single fiber test: A methodology for monitoring ballistic performance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED POLYMER SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE fibers; mechanical properties; single fiber test; ballistic performance ID MODULUS; PARAMETERS; STRENGTHS; IMPACT AB A minimally invasive testing methodology was developed to monitor the in-service performance of soft body armor. In the spirit of the single fiber test standard, ASTM C 1557-03, the fiber diameter was measured at five equally spaced locations along a 6-cm gauge length specimen. In addition, the single fiber test specimen was modified by placing reflecting tape just outside the specimen gauge length to allow the use of a laser extensometer for directly measuring fiber displacement and hence, strain. This modified testing methodology was found to be reproducible and provide data that was normally distributed based on descriptive statistics when variations in the fiber diameters along the length of the specimen were considered. The abnormality in the data, identified using Pierce's outlier criterion, may be associated with processing variations during the fiber manufacture and/or the woven fabrics and not associated with the testing methodology. Furthermore, the failure strain was found to be drastically reduced when the minimum fiber diameter along the length of the test specimen was less than 11 mu m. This suggests that a methodology that accurately profiles fiber diameter changes along the gauge length of the fiber may be useful in analyzing single fiber test results. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Kim, J.; McDonough, W. G.; Blair, W.; Holmes, G. A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Holmes, GA (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gale.holmes@nist.gov NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 7 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0021-8995 J9 J APPL POLYM SCI JI J. Appl. Polym. Sci. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 108 IS 2 BP 876 EP 886 DI 10.1002/app.27684 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 265IO UT WOS:000253352500024 ER PT J AU Bond, NA Cronin, MF AF Bond, Nicholas A. Cronin, Meghan F. TI Regional weather patterns during anomalous air-sea fluxes at the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; HEAT-TRANSPORT; BERING-SEA; REANALYSIS; ATMOSPHERE; WIND; CLOUDINESS; MONSOON AB The weather patterns during periods of anomalous surface fluxes in the Kuroshio recirculation gyre of the western North Pacific are documented. Separate analyses are carried out for the cold season (October-march) when the net surface heat flux is controlled by the combination of the turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes (Q(turb)), and for the warm season (May-August) when the net heating is dominated by the net radiative fluxes (Q(rad)). For analysis of high-frequency (daily to weekly) variations in the fluxes, direct measurements from the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO) for the period June 2004-November 2005 are used to specify flux events. For analysis of interannual variations, these events are selected using NCEP-NCAR reanalysis estimates for Q(turb) in the cold season, and International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (ICOADS) data for cloud traction, as a proxy for Q(rad), in the warm season. During the cold season, episodic high-frequency flux events are associated with significant anomalies in the east-west sea level pressure gradients, and hence meridional winds and lower-tropospheric air temperature, reflecting the dominance of the atmospheric forcing of the flux variability. On the other hand, interannual variations in Q(turb) are associated with relatively weak atmospheric circulation anomalies, implying a relatively important role for the ocean. During the warm season, high-frequency fluctuations in the net surface fluxes occur due to a mix of anomalies in Q(turb) and Q(rad). Enhanced cloudiness in the vicinity of KEO, and hence reduced Q(rad), tends to occur in association with weak cyclonic disturbances of extratropical origin. A regional atmospheric circulation favoring these types of events also was found for warm seasons that were cloudier on the whole. Results suggest that the ocean's influence on air-sea fluxes at KEO is manifested mostly on interannual time scales during the cold season. C1 [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Bond, Nicholas A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bond, NA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM nicholas.bond@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 8 BP 1680 EP 1697 DI 10.1175/2007JCLIJ797.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 291CG UT WOS:000255169300003 ER PT J AU Matichuk, RI Colarco, PR Smith, JA Toon, OB AF Matichuk, R. I. Colarco, P. R. Smith, J. A. Toon, O. B. TI Modeling the transport and optical properties of smoke plumes from South American biomass burning SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID REMOTE-SENSING OBSERVATIONS; SAHARAN DUST TRANSPORT; IMAGING SPECTRORADIOMETER; WAVELENGTH DEPENDENCE; BOUNDARY-LAYER; IN-SITU; AEROSOL; FIRE; PARTICLES; SEASON AB This study investigates the transport and optical properties of smoke plumes from South American biomass burning by using an aerosol transport and microphysical model. In general, the model can reproduce the smoke aerosol optical properties observed by satellite and ground-based instruments during the Large-Scale Biosphere-Atmosphere Experiment in Amazonia - Smoke Aerosols, Clouds, Rainfall and Climate (LBA-SMOCC) campaign. The simulated spatial distribution of smoke aerosol loading over South America also compares well to satellite observations, suggesting that the transport processes in the model are adequate over this region. The results further suggest that the emissions provided by version 2 of the Global Fire Emissions Database are too low over South America. However, wet deposition may be too aggressive in the model. Since the model wet deposition does not include the feedback smoke may have on cloud formation and precipitation suppression, too many aerosols may be removed. Surprisingly, given the different vegetation types, the model simulations also suggest that similar initial particle size distributions and aerosol optical properties can be used to simulate smoke from both African savanna and South American forest fires. However, to reproduce the observed smoke aerosol optical properties over South America, humidification of smoke aerosols needs to be considered. Model results and observations both suggest that the typical single scattering albedo of smoke over South America and Africa differ because of relative humidity, not vegetation type. Overall, this work suggests strategies for improved treatment of South American smoke plumes in climate and microphysical models. C1 [Matichuk, R. I.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Colarco, P. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Matichuk, R. I.; Smith, J. A.; Toon, O. B.] Univ Colorado, Atmospher & Space Phys Lab, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matichuk, R. I.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Matichuk, RI (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rebecca.matichuk@noaa.gov RI Colarco, Peter/D-8637-2012 OI Colarco, Peter/0000-0003-3525-1662 NR 47 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D7 AR D07208 DI 10.1029/2007JD009005 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 291MU UT WOS:000255202300003 ER PT J AU Peterson, TC Zhang, XB Brunet-India, M Vazquez-Aguirre, JL AF Peterson, Thomas C. Zhang, Xuebin Brunet-India, Manola Vazquez-Aguirre, Jorge Luis TI Changes in North American extremes derived from daily weather data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE EXTREMES; PRECIPITATION EVENTS; UNITED-STATES; UNDOCUMENTED CHANGEPOINTS; HEAVY PRECIPITATION; TRENDS; CANADA; 20TH-CENTURY; INDEXES; REGRESSION AB Detailed homogeneity assessments of daily weather observing station data from Canada, the United States, and Mexico enabled analysis of changes in North American extremes starting in 1950. The approach used a number of indices derived from the daily data, primarily based on the number of days per year that temperature or precipitation observations were above or below percentile thresholds. Station level indices were gridded to produce North American area-averaged time series. The results indicated that the increase in the number of days exceeding the 90th percentile is about the same magnitude as the decrease in the number of days below the 10th percentile. Analysis of extremes farther out on the tails of the distribution (e. g., 95th and 97.5th percentiles) reveals changes very similar to the 90th and 10th percentiles. Annual extreme lowest temperatures are warming faster than annual extreme highest temperatures when the index assessed is the actual temperature, but cold and hot extremes are changing about the same when examined on a normalized basis. On the basis of several measures, heavy precipitation has been increasing over the last half century, and the average amount of precipitation falling on days with precipitation has also been increasing. These observed changes since the late 1960s, decrease in cold extremes, increases in warm extremes, and increases in heavy precipitation, are consistent with a warming planet. C1 [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Brunet-India, Manola] Univ Rovira & Virgili, Climate Change Res Grp, Dept Geog, E-43071 Tarragona, Spain. [Vazquez-Aguirre, Jorge Luis] Univ E Anglia, Climat Res Unit, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Zhang, Xuebin] Environm Canada, Div Climate Res, Sci & Technol Branch, Toronto, ON M3H 5T4, Canada. RP Peterson, TC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM thomas.c.peterson@noaa.gov RI Manola, Brunet-India/E-8239-2010 OI Manola, Brunet-India/0000-0002-9386-710X NR 43 TC 85 Z9 89 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D7 AR D07113 DI 10.1029/2007JD009453 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 291MU UT WOS:000255202300009 ER PT J AU Lai, YK Lin, CJ Huang, JY Zhuang, HF Sun, L Nguyen, T AF Lai, Yuekun Lin, Changjian Huang, Jianying Zhuang, Huifang Sun, Lan Nguyen, Tinh TI Markedly controllable adhesion of superhydrophobic spongelike nanostructure TiO2 films SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID GECKO FOOT-HAIR; PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITY; TITANIA NANOTUBES; SURFACES; WETTABILITY; FORCE; BEHAVIOR; ARRAY; HYDROPHOBICITY; FABRICATION AB A simple electrochemical and self-assenibly method was adopted for the fabrication of superhydrophobic spongelike nanostructured TiO2 Surfaces with markedly controllable adhesion. Water adhesion ranging from Ultralow (5.0 mu N) to very high (76.6 mu N) can be tuned through adjusting the nitro cellulose dosage concentrations. The detailed experiments and analyses have indicated that the significant increase of adhesion by introducing nitrocellulose is ascribed to the combination of hydrogen bonding between the nitro groups and the hydroxyl groups at the solid/liquid interfaces and the disruption of the densely packed hydrophobic 1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyltriethoxysile (PTES) molecule. A mechanism has been proposed to explain the formation of superhydrophobic TiO2 films with distinct adhesion. C1 [Lai, Yuekun; Lin, Changjian] Xiamen Univ, State Key lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Lai, Yuekun; Lin, Changjian; Huang, Jianying; Zhuang, Huifang; Sun, Lan] Xiamen Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. [Nguyen, Tinh] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lin, CJ (reprint author), Xiamen Univ, State Key lab Phys Chem Solid Surfaces, Xiamen 361005, Peoples R China. EM cjlin@xmu.edu.cn RI Lin, CJ/G-3392-2010; Lai, Yuekun/A-9429-2010; Sun, L/G-4153-2010; Lai, Yue-Kun/C-7783-2015 OI Lai, Yuekun/0000-0003-4100-510X; Lai, Yue-Kun/0000-0003-4100-510X NR 51 TC 127 Z9 134 U1 9 U2 71 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 8 BP 3867 EP 3873 DI 10.1021/la7031863 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 283PB UT WOS:000254647400026 PM 18312005 ER PT J AU Hong, JS Vreeland, WN DePaoli Lacerda, SH Locascio, LE Gaitan, M Raghavan, SR AF Hong, Jennifer S. Vreeland, Wyatt N. DePaoli Lacerda, Silvia H. Locascio, Laurie E. Gaitan, Michael Raghavan, Srinivasa R. TI Liposome-templated supramolecular assembly of responsive alginate nanogels SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID DRUG-DELIVERY SYSTEMS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; VESICLES; BILAYERS; NANOPARTICLES; PERMEABILITY; TEMPERATURE; MICROSCOPY; HYDROGELS; REACTORS AB Nanosized gel particles (nanogels) are of interest for a variety of applications, including drug delivery and single-molecule encapsulation. Here, we employ the cores of nanoscale liposomes as reaction vessels to template the assembly of calcium alginate nanogels. For our experiments, a liposome formulation with a high bilayer melting temperature (T-m) is selected, and sodium alginate is encapsulated in the liposomal core. The liposomes are then placed in an aqueous buffer containing calcium chloride, and the temperature is raised up to Tm. This allows permeation of Ca2+ ions through the bilayer and into the core, whereupon these ions gel the encapsulated alginate. Subsequently, the lipid bilayer covering the gelled core is removed by the addition of a detergent. The resulting alginate nanogels have a size distribution consistent with that of the template liposomes (ca. 120-200 nm), as confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and light scattering. Nanogels of different average sizes can be synthesized by varying the template dimensions, and the gel size can be further tuned after synthesis by the addition of monovalent salt to the solution. C1 [Hong, Jennifer S.; Gaitan, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hong, Jennifer S.; Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Bioengn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Vreeland, Wyatt N.; Locascio, Laurie E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [DePaoli Lacerda, Silvia H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Raghavan, Srinivasa R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gaitan, M (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gaitan@nist.gov; sraghava@eng.umd.edu NR 29 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 6 U2 35 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 8 BP 4092 EP 4096 DI 10.1021/la7031219 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 283PB UT WOS:000254647400056 PM 18338908 ER PT J AU Schwefel, HGL Kohler, W Lu, ZH Fan, J Wang, LJ AF Schwefel, H. G. L. Koehler, W. Lu, Z. H. Fan, J. Wang, L. J. TI Direct experimental observation of the single reflection optical Goos-Hanchen shift SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAMATERIALS; DISPLACEMENT; BEAM AB We report a precise direct measurement of the Goos-Hanchen shift after one reflection off a dielectric interface coated with periodic metal stripes. The spatial displacement of the shift is determined by image analysis. A maximal absolute shift of 5.18 and 23.39 mu m for TE and TM polarized light, respectively, is determined. This technique is simple to implement and can be used for a large range of incident angles. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Schwefel, H. G. L.; Lu, Z. H.; Wang, L. J.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Opt Informat & Photon, Max Planck Res Grp, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. [Koehler, W.] FEMTOLASERS Prod GmbH, A-1100 Vienna, Austria. [Fan, J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schwefel, HGL (reprint author), Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Opt Informat & Photon, Max Planck Res Grp, Gunther Scharowsky Str 1,Bau 24, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany. EM hschwefel@optik.uni-erlangen.de RI Schwefel, Harald/D-2710-2009 OI Schwefel, Harald/0000-0002-4304-6469 NR 18 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 2 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD APR 15 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 8 BP 794 EP 796 DI 10.1364/OL.33.000794 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 299QC UT WOS:000255769100012 PM 18414535 ER PT J AU Marshall, ST Satija, SK Vogt, BD Medlin, JW AF Marshall, Steve T. Satija, Sushil K. Vogt, Bryan D. Medlin, J. William TI Profiling of hydrogen in metal-insulator-semiconductor sensors using neutron reflectivity SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DEVICES; SIO2; INTERFACE; DEUTERIUM AB Although interfacial hydrogen has long been accepted as the species responsible for H(2) detection in metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) sensors, direct observation of this species has been elusive. In this work, the use of neutron reflectivity (NR) to quantify the hydrogen concentration in regions of an MIS device is reported. The presence of multiple states at both the metal-insulator interface and within the insulator that may contribute to the hydrogen response is suggested by the scattering length density profiles obtained from NR. This technique provides a great promise for direct study of the detection mechanisms for MIS sensors. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Marshall, Steve T.; Medlin, J. William] Univ Colorado, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Satija, Sushil K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vogt, Bryan D.] Arizona State Univ, Flexible Display Ctr, Tempe, AZ 85284 USA. RP Marshall, ST (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Biol & Chem Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM will.medlin@colorado.edu RI Vogt, Bryan/H-1986-2012 OI Vogt, Bryan/0000-0003-1916-7145 NR 17 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 14 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 15 AR 153503 DI 10.1063/1.2908048 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 290IS UT WOS:000255117100108 ER PT J AU Sachan, M Bonnoit, C Majetich, SA Ijiri, Y Mensah-Bonsu, PO Borchers, JA Rhyne, JJ AF Sachan, M. Bonnoit, C. Majetich, S. A. Ijiri, Y. Mensah-Bonsu, P. O. Borchers, J. A. Rhyne, J. J. TI Field evolution of magnetic correlation lengths in epsilon-Co nanoparticle assemblies SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PARTICLES; SIZE AB Small-angle neutron scattering measurements of Co nanoparticle assemblies reveal three characteristic length scales associated with the interparticle and intraparticle magnetic orders. The first length scale stemming from particle size and separation does not vary with applied field. In contrast, the magnetic correlation length increases from 71 +/- 9 nm in zero field at 5 K to greater than 1000 nm in fields larger than 0.2 T. The random-field length scale decreases from 37 +/- 8 nm when H=0 to 9.1 +/- 0.3 nm in H=0.2 T, and the contribution of this term is less significant in large fields. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Sachan, M.; Bonnoit, C.; Majetich, S. A.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Ijiri, Y.; Mensah-Bonsu, P. O.] Oberlin Coll, Dept Phys & Astron, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Borchers, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rhyne, J. J.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Sachan, M (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM sara@cmu.edu RI Majetich, Sara/B-1022-2015 OI Majetich, Sara/0000-0003-0848-9317 NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 14 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 15 AR 152503 DI 10.1063/1.2911736 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 290IS UT WOS:000255117100056 ER PT J AU Gebs, R Dekorsy, T Diddams, SA Bartels, A AF Gebs, R. Dekorsy, T. Diddams, S. A. Bartels, A. TI 1-GHz repetition rate femtosecond OPO with stabilized offset between signal and idler frequency combs SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL PARAMETRIC OSCILLATOR; FIBER-LASER; LINEWIDTHS; STANDARDS; CLOCK; TIME; ION; GHZ AB We report an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) that is synchronously pumped by a femtosecond Ti: sapphire laser at 1 GHz repetition rate. The signal output has a center wavelength of 1558 nm and its spectral bandwidth amounts to 40 nm. The OPO operates in a regime where the signal- and idler frequency combs exhibit a partial overlap around 1600 nm. In this near-degeneracy region, a beat at the offset between the signal and idler frequency combs is detected. Phase-locking this beat to an external reference stabilizes the spectral envelopes of the signal- and idler output. At the same time, the underlying frequency combs are stabilized relative to each other with an instability of 1.5 x 10(-17) at 1 s gate time. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Gebs, R.; Dekorsy, T.; Bartels, A.] Univ Konstanz, Ctr Appl Photon, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Gebs, R (reprint author), Univ Konstanz, Ctr Appl Photon, Univ Str 10, D-78457 Constance, Germany. EM Raphael.Gebs@uni-konstanz.de RI Dekorsy, Thomas/A-6152-2008; Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 OI Dekorsy, Thomas/0000-0003-2257-2854; NR 25 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 13 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 14 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 8 BP 5397 EP 5405 DI 10.1364/OE.16.005397 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 290JY UT WOS:000255120300026 PM 18542642 ER PT J AU Zhang, Q Takesue, H Nam, SW Langrock, C Xie, XP Baek, B Fejer, MM Yamamoto, Y AF Zhang, Qiang Takesue, Hiroki Nam, Sae Woo Langrock, Carsten Xie, Xiuping Baek, Burm Fejer, M. M. Yamamoto, Yoshihisa TI Distribution of Time-Energy Entanglement over 100 km fiber using superconducting single-photon detectors SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID LONG-DISTANCE DISTRIBUTION; REVERSE-PROTON-EXCHANGE; WAVE-GUIDES; QUANTUM CRYPTOGRAPHY; LITHIUM-NIOBATE; TELEPORTATION; GENERATION AB In this letter, we report an experimental realization of distributing entangled photon pairs over 100 km of dispersion-shifted fiber. In the experiment, we used a periodically poled lithium niobate waveguide to generate the time-energy entanglement and superconducting single-photon detectors to detect the photon pairs after 100 km. We also demonstrate that the distributed photon pairs can still be useful for quantum key distribution and other quantum communication tasks. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Zhang, Qiang; Langrock, Carsten; Xie, Xiuping; Fejer, M. M.; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa] Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Takesue, Hiroki] NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. [Nam, Sae Woo; Baek, Burm] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Yamamoto, Yoshihisa] Natl Inst Informat, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1018430, Japan. RP Zhang, Q (reprint author), Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. EM qiangzh@stanford.edu RI 张, 强/B-1292-2012; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa/A-2811-2012; Takesue, Hiroki/J-4514-2012 NR 21 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 2 U2 12 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD APR 14 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 8 BP 5776 EP 5781 DI 10.1364/OE.16.005776 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 290JY UT WOS:000255120300071 PM 18542687 ER PT J AU Benaroya, H Gabbai, RD AF Benaroya, Haym Gabbai, Rene D. TI Modelling vortex-induced fluid-structure interaction SO PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY A-MATHEMATICAL PHYSICAL AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE vortex-induced vibration; reduced-order modelling; circular cylinder; Hamilton's principle; fluid-structure interaction ID INDUCED VIBRATION; CIRCULAR-CYLINDERS; HAMILTONS PRINCIPLE; INDUCED OSCILLATION; DYNAMIC-RESPONSE; FREE-SURFACE; FLOW; IDENTIFICATION; TRANSPORT; ELEMENTS AB The principal goal of this research is developing physics-based, reduced-order, analytical models of nonlinear fluid structure interactions associated with offshore structures. Our primary focus is to generalize the Hamilton's variational framework so that systems of flow-oscillator equations can be derived from first principles. This is an extension of earlier work that led to a single energy equation describing the fluid - structure interaction. It is demonstrated here that flow-oscillator models are a subclass of the general, physical-based framework. A flow-oscillator model is a reduced-order mechanical model, generally comprising two mechanical oscillators, one modelling the structural oscillation and the other a nonlinear oscillator representing the fluid behaviour coupled to the structural motion. Reduced-order analytical model development continues to be carried out using a Hamilton's principle-based variational approach. This provides flexibility in the long run for generalizing the modelling paradigm to complex, three-dimensional problems with multiple degrees of freedom, although such extension is very difficult. As both experimental and analytical capabilities advance, the critical research path to developing and implementing fluid - structure interaction models entails formulating generalized equations of motion, as a superset of the flow-oscillator models; and developing experimentally derived, semi-analytical functions to describe key terms in the governing equations of motion. The developed variational approach yields a system of governing equations. This will allow modelling of multiple d.f. systems. The extensions derived generalize the Hamilton's variational formulation for such problems. The Navier Stokes equations are derived and coupled to the structural oscillator. This general model has been shown to be a superset of the flow-oscillator model. Based on different assumptions, one can derive a variety of flow-oscillator models. C1 [Benaroya, Haym; Gabbai, Rene D.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Benaroya, Haym; Gabbai, Rene D.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Benaroya, H (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM benaroya@rci.rutgers.edu NR 62 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1364-503X J9 PHILOS T R SOC A JI Philos. Trans. R. Soc. A-Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. PD APR 13 PY 2008 VL 366 IS 1868 BP 1231 EP 1274 DI 10.1098/rsta.2007.2130 PG 44 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 278AI UT WOS:000254255400002 PM 17984032 ER PT J AU Rhoderick, GC AF Rhoderick, George C. TI Differences between propane in nitrogen versus air matrix analyzed using gas chromatography with flame-ionization detection SO JOURNAL OF CHROMATOGRAPHY A LA English DT Article DE propane; gas standards; air; nitrogen; gas chromatography; flame-ionization detection; Oxygen/FID affect AB New US Federal low-level automobile emission requirements, such as Zero Level Emission Vehicle (ZLEV), for hydrocarbons and other species have resulted in manufacturers need for new certified reference materials. The new emission requirement for hydrocarbons requires the use, by automobile manufacturing testing facilities, of 100 nmol/mol (ppb) propane in air gas standard. Emission measurement instruments are required, by Federal law, to be calibrated with the US National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable reference materials. A NIST Standard Reference Material (SRM) containing 100 nmol/mol propane has been developed. During the development of this SRM a critical question arose as to the matrix of the primary propane standards. The automobile companies make their measurements using total hydrocarbon analyzers with flame-ionization detectors which integrate all hydrocarbons in a sample. NIST uses gas chromatography/flame-ionization detection (GC/FID) with a column to separate all components. Since the SRM mixtures were in air, the question as to the effect of oxygen on the detector arose. To investigate this effect, two suites of propane primary standards were developed: one in air and the other in nitrogen. The two suites of primary standards were analyzed using NIST methods, and the concentration of propane in an air mixture was determined. The results show that there was a difference of 0.63% in the propane concentration determined versus air and nitrogen suites. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Rhoderick, GC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM george.rhoderick@nist.gov NR 5 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0021-9673 J9 J CHROMATOGR A JI J. Chromatogr. A PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 1187 IS 1-2 BP 226 EP 231 DI 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.01.087 PG 6 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 290EE UT WOS:000255105300028 PM 18329654 ER PT J AU Huang, CL Spence, HE Singer, HJ Tsyganenko, NA AF Huang, Chia-Lin Spence, Harlan E. Singer, Howard J. Tsyganenko, Nikolai A. TI A quantitative assessment of empirical magnetic field models at geosynchronous orbit during magnetic storms SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETOPAUSE; PARTICLES; LOCATION; CURRENTS; PLASMA; MOTION AB We evaluate the performance of recent empirical magnetic field models (Tsyganenko, 1996, 2002a, 2002b; Tsyganenko and Sitnov, 2005, hereafter referred to as T96, T02 and TS05, respectively) during magnetic storm times including both pre- and post-storm intervals. The model outputs are compared with GOES observations of the magnetic field at geosynchronous orbit. In the case of a major magnetic storm, the T96 and T02 models predict anomalously strong negative B(z) at geostationary orbit on the nightside due to input values exceeding the model limits, whereas a comprehensive magnetic field data survey using GOES does not support that prediction. On the basis of additional comparisons using 52 storm events, we discuss the strengths and limitations of each model. Furthermore, we quantify the performance of individual models at predicting geostationary magnetic fields as a function of local time, Dst, and storm phase. Compared to the earlier models (T96 and T02), the most recent storm-time model (TS05) has the best overall performance across the entire range of local times, storm levels, and storm phases at geostationary orbit. The field residuals between TS05 and GOES are small (<= 3 nT) compared to the intrinsic short time-scale magnetic variability of the geostationary environment even during non-storm conditions (similar to 24 nT). Finally, we demonstrate how field model errors may affect radiation belt studies when estimating electron phase space density. C1 [Huang, Chia-Lin; Spence, Harlan E.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Singer, Howard J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tsyganenko, Nikolai A.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, Dept Terr Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. RP Huang, CL (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave,Room 506, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM hcl@bu.edu RI Tsyganenko, Nikolai/J-7377-2012; Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; OI Tsyganenko, Nikolai/0000-0002-5938-1579; Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A4 AR A04208 DI 10.1029/2007JA012623 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 289UJ UT WOS:000255079100004 ER PT J AU Udovic, TJ Brown, CM Leaa, JB Brand, PC Jiggetts, RD Zeitoun, R Pierce, TA Peral, I Copley, JRD Huang, Q Neumann, DA Fields, RJ AF Udovic, T. J. Brown, C. M. Leaa, J. B. Brand, P. C. Jiggetts, R. D. Zeitoun, R. Pierce, T. A. Peral, I. Copley, J. R. D. Huang, Q. Neumann, D. A. Fields, R. J. TI The design of a bismuth-based auxiliary filter for the removal of spurious background scattering associated with filter-analyzer neutron spectrometers SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE bismuth filter; neutron scattering; total cross-section; vibrational spectroscopy AB The ultimate sensitivity of filter-analyzer-type neutron spectrometers, which are invaluable for measuring the vibrational spectra of materials, is typically limited by spurious background scattering features ubiquitous in all measured spectra. These undesirable features arise from neutrons that are elastically scattered by the sample and then are inelastically scattered by phonon excitations in the beryllium filter material. Such features can be significantly reduced by adding an auxiliary polycrystalline bismuth filter in front of the main filter analyzer. An optimal Bi filter requires a high-purity, low-hydrogen-content material with a sufficiently small crystallite grain size distribution to ensure a sharp Bragg cutoff in the energy dependence of the neutron total cross-section. We were able to produce such a material by the room-temperature compression of dense, high-purity, finely polycrystalline, Bi needles (with an average crystallite grain size of approximate to 230 mu m) synthesized by the rapid water-quenching of melted Bi dripped into a spinning centrifuge. This material resulted in an improved filter performance compared to that using more coarsely polycrystalline Bi synthesized via melt-casting. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Udovic, T. J.; Brown, C. M.; Leaa, J. B.; Brand, P. C.; Zeitoun, R.; Peral, I.; Copley, J. R. D.; Huang, Q.; Neumann, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jiggetts, R. D.; Pierce, T. A.; Fields, R. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zeitoun, R.; Peral, I.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Udovic, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM udovic@nist.gov RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009; Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/P-5298-2016 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355; Peral Alonso, Inmaculada/0000-0002-6994-1277 NR 17 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 2 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 588 IS 3 BP 406 EP 413 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.02.006 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 296PL UT WOS:000255558200015 ER PT J AU Blatt, S Ludlow, AD Campbell, GK Thomsen, JW Zelevinsky, T Boyd, MM Ye, J Baillard, X Fouche, M Le Targat, R Brusch, A Lemonde, P Takamoto, M Hong, FL Katori, H Flambaum, VV AF Blatt, S. Ludlow, A. D. Campbell, G. K. Thomsen, J. W. Zelevinsky, T. Boyd, M. M. Ye, J. Baillard, X. Fouche, M. Le Targat, R. Brusch, A. Lemonde, P. Takamoto, M. Hong, F. -L. Katori, H. Flambaum, V. V. TI New limits on coupling of fundamental constants to gravity using (87)Sr optical lattice clocks SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TIME-VARIATION AB The (1)S(0)-(3)P(0) clock transition frequency nu(Sr) in neutral (87)Sr has been measured relative to the Cs standard by three independent laboratories in Boulder, Paris, and Tokyo over the last three years. The agreement on the 1x10(-15) level makes nu(Sr) the best agreed-upon optical atomic frequency. We combine periodic variations in the (87)Sr clock frequency with (199)Hg(+) and H-maser data to test local position invariance by obtaining the strongest limits to date on gravitational-coupling coefficients for the fine-structure constant alpha, electron-proton mass ratio mu, and light quark mass. Furthermore, after (199)Hg(+), (171)Yb(+), and H, we add (87)Sr as the fourth optical atomic clock species to enhance constraints on yearly drifts of alpha and mu. C1 [Blatt, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baillard, X.; Fouche, M.; Le Targat, R.; Brusch, A.; Lemonde, P.] Observ Paris, LNE SYRTE, F-75014 Paris, France. [Takamoto, M.; Hong, F. -L.; Katori, H.] Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Engn, Dept Appl Phys, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1138656, Japan. [Flambaum, V. V.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Phys, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Thomsen, J. W.] Niels Bohr Inst, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Hong, F. -L.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Natl Metrol Inst Japan, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058563, Japan. RP Blatt, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sebastian.blatt@colorado.edu RI Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Brusch, Anders/B-1027-2011; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012; Hong, Feng-Lei/N-3098-2014; Thomsen, Jan W./M-9087-2016; Fouche, Mathilde/S-1745-2016; Katori, Hidetoshi/E-6633-2012 OI Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967; Hong, Feng-Lei/0000-0003-1318-2635; Thomsen, Jan W./0000-0003-3423-6989; Fouche, Mathilde/0000-0001-9804-8042; Katori, Hidetoshi/0000-0002-8500-3678 NR 31 TC 182 Z9 185 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 14 AR 140801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.140801 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 287UB UT WOS:000254940900014 PM 18518019 ER PT J AU Boyer, V Marino, AM Lett, PD AF Boyer, V. Marino, A. M. Lett, P. D. TI Generation of spatially broadband twin beams for quantum imaging SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID IMAGES; LIMITS; LIGHT AB We generate spatially multimode twin beams using 4-wave mixing in a hot atomic vapor in a phase-insensitive traveling-wave amplifier configuration. The far-field coherence area measured at 3.5 MHz is shown to be much smaller than the angular bandwidth of the process and bright twin images with independently quantum-correlated subareas can be generated with little distortion. The available transverse degrees of freedom form a high-dimensional Hilbert space that we use to produce quantum-correlated twin beams with finite orbital angular momentum. C1 [Boyer, V.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Boyer, V (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013 NR 23 TC 66 Z9 68 U1 0 U2 17 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 14 AR 143601 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.143601 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 287UB UT WOS:000254940900026 PM 18518031 ER PT J AU Zirbel, JJ Ni, KK Ospelkaus, S D'Incao, JP Wieman, CE Ye, J Jin, DS AF Zirbel, J. J. Ni, K. -K. Ospelkaus, S. D'Incao, J. P. Wieman, C. E. Ye, J. Jin, D. S. TI Collisional stability of fermionic Feshbach molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID COLD MOLECULES AB Using a Feshbach resonance, we create ultracold fermionic molecules starting from a Bose-Fermi atom gas mixture. The resulting mixture of atoms and weakly bound molecules provides a rich system for studying few-body collisions because of the variety of atomic collision partners for molecules; either bosonic, fermionic, or distinguishable atoms. Inelastic loss of the molecules near the Feshbach resonance is dramatically affected by the quantum statistics of the colliding particles and the scattering length. In particular, we observe a molecule lifetime as long as 100 ms near the Feshbach resonance. C1 [Zirbel, J. J.; Ni, K. -K.; Ospelkaus, S.; D'Incao, J. P.; Wieman, C. E.; Ye, J.; Jin, D. S.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Quantum Phys Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zirbel, J. J.; Ni, K. -K.; Ospelkaus, S.; D'Incao, J. P.; Wieman, C. E.; Ye, J.; Jin, D. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Zirbel, JJ (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Quantum Phys Div, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM zirbel@jilau1.colorado.edu RI D'Incao, Jose/B-1289-2010; Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 NR 20 TC 76 Z9 76 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 11 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 14 AR 143201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.143201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 287UB UT WOS:000254940900025 PM 18518030 ER PT J AU Jakupciak, JP Maggrah, A Maragh, S Maki, J Reguly, B Maki, K Wittock, R Robinson, K Wagner, PD Thayer, RE Gehman, K Gehman, T Srivastava, S Ngom, A Dakubo, GD Parr, RL AF Jakupciak, John P. Maggrah, Andrea Maragh, Samantha Maki, Jennifer Reguly, Brian Maki, Katrina Wittock, Roy Robinson, Kerry Wagner, Paul D. Thayer, Robert E. Gehman, Ken Gehman, Teresa Srivastava, Sudhir Ngom, Alioune Dakubo, Gabriel D. Parr, Ryan L. TI Facile whole mitochondrial genome resequencing from nipple aspirate fluid using MitoChip v2.0 SO BMC CANCER LA English DT Article ID BREAST-CANCER RISK; DNA MUTATIONS; DUCTAL LAVAGE; ABNORMAL-CYTOLOGY; WOMEN; IDENTIFICATION; BIOMARKERS; SPECIMENS; NUCLEAR; ATYPIA AB Background: Mutations in the mitochondrial genome (mtgenome) have been associated with many disorders, including breast cancer. Nipple aspirate fluid (NAF) from symptomatic women could potentially serve as a minimally invasive sample for breast cancer screening by detecting somatic mutations in this biofluid. This study is aimed at 1) demonstrating the feasibility of NAF recovery from symptomatic women, 2) examining the feasibility of sequencing the entire mitochondrial genome from NAF samples, 3) cross validation of the Human mitochondrial resequencing array 2.0 (MCv2), and 4) assessing the somatic mtDNA mutation rate in benign breast diseases as a potential tool for monitoring early somatic mutations associated with breast cancer. Methods: NAF and blood were obtained from women with symptomatic benign breast conditions, and we successfully assessed the mutation load in the entire mitochondrial genome of 19 of these women. DNA extracts from NAF were sequenced using the mitochondrial resequencing array MCv2 and by capillary electrophoresis (CE) methods as a quality comparison. Sequencing was performed independently at two institutions and the results compared. The germline mtDNA sequence determined using DNA isolated from the patient's blood (control) was compared to the mutations present in cellular mtDNA recovered from patient's NAF. Results: From the cohort of 28 women recruited for this study, NAF was successfully recovered from 23 participants (82%). Twenty two (96%) of the women produced fluids from both breasts. Twenty NAF samples and corresponding blood were chosen for this study. Except for one NAF sample, the whole mtgenome was successfully amplified using a single primer pair, or three pairs of overlapping primers. Comparison of MCv2 data from the two institutions demonstrates 99.200% concordance. Moreover, MCv2 data was 99.999% identical to CE sequencing, indicating that MCv2 is a reliable method to rapidly sequence the entire mtgenome. Four NAF samples contained somatic mutations. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that NAF is a suitable material for mtDNA sequence analysis using the rapid and reliable MCv2. Somatic mtDNA mutations present in NAF of women with benign breast diseases could potentially be used as risk factors for progression to breast cancer, but this will require a much larger study with clinical follow up. C1 [Maggrah, Andrea; Maki, Jennifer; Reguly, Brian; Maki, Katrina; Wittock, Roy; Robinson, Kerry; Thayer, Robert E.; Dakubo, Gabriel D.; Parr, Ryan L.] Genesis Genom Inc, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada. [Maragh, Samantha] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wagner, Paul D.; Srivastava, Sudhir] NCI, Canc Prevent Div, Rockville, MD USA. [Gehman, Ken; Gehman, Teresa] Thunder Bay Reg Hlth Sci Ctr, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada. [Ngom, Alioune] Univ Windsor, Sch Comp Sci, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. RP Parr, RL (reprint author), Genesis Genom Inc, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada. EM johnjakupciak@verizon.net; andrea.maggrah@genesisgenomics.com; samantha.maragh@nist.gov; jennifer.maki@genesisgenomics.com; brian.reguly@genesisgenomics.com; katrina.maki@genesisgenomics.com; roy.wittock@genesisgenomics.com; kerry.robinson@genesisgenomics.com; wagnerp@mail.nih.gov; robert.thayer@genesisgenomics.com; gehman@tbaytel.net; gehman@tbaytel.net; srivasts@mail.nih.gov; alioune.ngom@gmail.com; gabriel.dakubo@genesisgenomics.com; ryan.parr@genesisgenomics.com NR 33 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 2 PU BIOMED CENTRAL LTD PI LONDON PA 236 GRAYS INN RD, FLOOR 6, LONDON WC1X 8HL, ENGLAND SN 1471-2407 J9 BMC CANCER JI BMC Cancer PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 8 AR 95 DI 10.1186/1471-2407-8-95 PG 8 WC Oncology SC Oncology GA 302AH UT WOS:000255937700003 PM 18402686 ER PT J AU Snover, ML AF Snover, Melissa L. TI Comments on "Using Bayesian state-space modelling to assess the recovery and harvest potential of the Hawaiian green sea turtle stock" SO ECOLOGICAL MODELLING LA English DT Letter ID TIME-SERIES C1 NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Snover, ML (reprint author), NOAA, NMFS, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM melissa.snover@noaa.gov NR 6 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3800 J9 ECOL MODEL JI Ecol. Model. PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 212 IS 3-4 BP 545 EP 549 DI 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.11.002 PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 283WP UT WOS:000254667500032 ER PT J AU Wilson, RJ Lewis, SR Montabone, L Smith, MD AF Wilson, R. John Lewis, Stephen R. Montabone, Luca Smith, Michael D. TI Influence of water ice clouds on Martian tropical atmospheric temperatures SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DATA ASSIMILATION; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; MARS; CLIMATE; MODEL AB The Reanalysis derived from the UK Mars general circulation model assimilation of Thermal Emission Spectrometer temperature and dust opacity retrievals at present provides the best estimate of the evolving state of the Martian atmosphere over the course of the Mars Global Surveyor mapping mission. A Control simulation has also been carried out using the same evolving dust distribution as the Reanalysis, but without the temperature assimilation. Differences in zonal mean temperatures between these two simulations reflect possible biases in the representation of dynamical and radiative forcing in the assimilating model. We have identified a cold bias in the Control simulation of tropical temperature which develops in the northern hemisphere summer solstice season. We attribute this bias to the absence of radiatively active water ice clouds in the model and show that clouds likely play a prominent role in shaping the vertical thermal structure of the tropical atmosphere during this season. C1 [Wilson, R. John] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Lewis, Stephen R.; Montabone, Luca] Open Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, Bucks, England. [Smith, Michael D.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Wilson, RJ (reprint author), Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM john.wilson@noaa.go RI Smith, Michael/C-8875-2012; OI Lewis, Stephen/0000-0001-7237-6494 NR 12 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 7 AR L07202 DI 10.1029/2007GL032405 PG 7 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 289SX UT WOS:000255075300001 ER PT J AU Barnes, JE Kaplan, T Vomel, H Read, WG AF Barnes, John E. Kaplan, Trevor Voemel, Holger Read, William G. TI NASA/Aura/Microwave Limb Sounder water vapor validation at Mauna Loa Observatory by Raman lidar SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID RADIOSONDES; AEROSOL; SYSTEMS AB The NASA/Aura/Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument has been compared to the Mauna Loa Observatory Raman water vapor lidar. Calibration of the lidar used Vaisala RS80-H radiosondes launched from the observatory. The average standard deviation between the sondes and the lidar, in the range 6 km to 11.5 km, is 11.9%. The sondes indicate no overlap correction for the lidar at low altitudes is necessary. A comparison was made between the lidar total column water and a GPS total column water measurement as a check on the calibration, resulting in a correlation slope of 1.026 +/- 0.058 and R-2 = 0.84. The MLS measurements are significantly better in the stratosphere where the lidar has poor sensitivity. The MLS measurement in the troposphere has much lower altitude resolution than the lidar so the validation overlap altitudes are limited. A comparison is made with version 1.5 MLS data for 32 overpasses at the three MLS altitudes in the troposphere. The GPS total column water measurement was used to screen the overpasses by eliminating ones where the water varied by more than 50% during the lidar integration period. At 147 hPa the MLS data show a dry bias of 44.8% +/- 36%. At 215 hPa the MLS measurement also shows a dry bias of 22.3% +/- 22%, and at 316 hPa there is a dry bias of 19.9% +/- 46%. The dry bias seen is consistent with the cryogenic frost point hygrometer (CFH) measurements at many latitudes (23% +/- 37% at 215 hPa and 4% +/- 62% at 316 hPa). C1 [Barnes, John E.; Kaplan, Trevor] NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Read, William G.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Voemel, Holger] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Voemel, Holger] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Barnes, JE (reprint author), NOAA, Mauna Loa Observ, Global Monitoring Div, Earth Syst Res Lab, 1437 Kilauea Ave, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. EM john.e.barnes@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15S03 DI 10.1029/2007JD008842 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 289TG UT WOS:000255076200001 ER PT J AU Liu, DZ Zhang, Y Liu, Y Wu, JL Chen, CC Mou, CY Chen, SH AF Liu, Dazhi Zhang, Yang Liu, Yun Wu, Jianlan Chen, Chia-Cheng Mou, Chung-Yuan Chen, Sow-Hsin TI Density measurement of 1-D confined water by small angle neutron scattering method: Pore size and hydration level dependences SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID LIQUID PHASE-TRANSITION; SUPERCOOLED WATER; DYNAMIC CROSSOVER; PROTEIN HYDRATION; BEHAVIOR; MINIMUM; MCM-41 AB Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) is used to measure the absolute density of water contained in 1-D cylindrical pores of a silica material MCM-41-S with pore diameters of 19 and 15 angstrom. By being able to suppress the homogeneous nucleation process inside the narrow pore, one can keep water in the liquid state down to at least 160 K. From a combined analysis of SANS data from both H2O and D2O hydrated samples, we determined the absolute value of the density of I-D confined water. We found that the average density of water inside the fully hydrated 19 A pore is 8% higher than that of the bulk water at room temperature. The temperature derivative of the density shows a pronounced peak at T-L = 235 K signaling the crossing of the Widom line at ambient pressure and confirming the existence of a liquid-liquid phase transition at an elevated pressure. Pore size and hydration level dependences of the density are also studied. C1 [Liu, Dazhi; Zhang, Yang; Wu, Jianlan; Chen, Sow-Hsin] MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Liu, Yun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, Chia-Cheng; Mou, Chung-Yuan] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Chem, Taipei 106, Taiwan. RP Chen, SH (reprint author), MIT, Dept Nucl Sci & Engn, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM sowhsin@mit.edu RI Liu, Yun/A-2478-2010; Zhang, Yang/A-7975-2012; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Liu, Dazhi/G-2675-2013; OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Zhang, Yang/0000-0002-7339-8342; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Liu, Dazhi/0000-0002-7604-6940; MOU, CHUNG-YUAN/0000-0001-7060-9899 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD APR 10 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 14 BP 4309 EP 4312 DI 10.1021/jp710331k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 283TR UT WOS:000254659900022 PM 18341324 ER PT J AU Heyliger, PR Flannery, CM Johnson, AL AF Heyliger, Paul R. Flannery, Colm M. Johnson, Ward L. TI Vibrational modes of nanolines SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ACOUSTIC SURFACE-WAVES; FINITE-ELEMENT ANALYSIS; ELASTIC-WAVES; RIDGE GUIDES; WAVEGUIDES; NETWORK; NANOSTRUCTURES AB Brillouin-light-scattering spectra previously have been shown to provide information on acoustic modes of polymeric lines fabricated by nanoimprint lithography. Finite-element methods for modeling such modes are presented here. These methods provide a theoretical framework for determining elastic constants and dimensions of nanolines from measured spectra in the low gigahertz range. To make the calculations feasible for future incorporation in inversion algorithms, two approximations of the boundary conditions are employed in the calculations: the rigidity of the nanoline/substrate interface and sinusoidal variation of displacements along the nanoline length. The accuracy of these approximations is evaluated as a function of wavenumber and frequency. The great advantage of finite-element methods over other methods previously employed for nanolines is the ability to model any cross-sectional geometry. Dispersion curves and displacement patterns are calculated for modes of polymethyl methacrylate nanolines with cross-sectional dimensions of 65 nm x 140 nm and rectangular or semicircular tops. The vibrational displacements and dispersion curves are qualitatively similar for the two geometries and include a series of flexural, Rayleigh-like, and Sezawa-like modes. C1 [Heyliger, Paul R.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. [Flannery, Colm M.; Johnson, Ward L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Heyliger, PR (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Ft Collins, CO 80525 USA. EM prh@engr.colostate.edu NR 26 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD APR 9 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 14 AR 145707 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/14/145707 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 276WN UT WOS:000254174500023 PM 21817773 ER PT J AU da Silva, FCS Halloran, ST Yuan, L Pappas, DP AF da Silva, F. C. S. Halloran, S. T. Yuan, L. Pappas, D. P. TI A z-component magnetoresistive sensor SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HALL SENSOR; FABRICATION; MICROSCOPY; FILMS AB A thin-film sensor bridge that measures the component of the magnetic field perpendicular to the plane of the substrate (also called the z-component field) is described. The sensor is fabricated on anisotropically etched, V-shaped groves on Si(100) substrates. The anisotropic magnetoresistive effect was used to measure the z component of the magnetic field with a 40 dB rejection of other components. The device can be integrated with standard in-plane x- and y-component sensors to form a system with a footprint of 100x100 mu m(2) and a noise floor of 20 nT at 1 Hz. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [da Silva, F. C. S.; Halloran, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80217 USA. [Yuan, L.; Pappas, D. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP da Silva, FCS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Denver, CO 80217 USA. EM fabio.dasilva@nist.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD APR 7 PY 2008 VL 92 IS 14 AR 142502 DI 10.1063/1.2905264 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 287TX UT WOS:000254940500053 ER PT J AU Aamer, KA Stafford, CM Richter, LJ Kohn, J Becker, ML AF Aamer, Khaled A. Stafford, Christopher M. Richter, Lee J. Kohn, Joachim Becker, Matthew L. TI PMSE 78-Confinement and mechanical stiffening behavior of tyrosine-derived polycarbonate thin films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Aamer, Khaled A.; Stafford, Christopher M.; Becker, Matthew L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kohn, Joachim] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Ctr Biomat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM khaled.aamer@nist.gov; chris.stafford@nist.gov; lee.nichter@nist.gov; kohn@biology.rutgers.edu; matthew.becker@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 78-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109401 ER PT J AU Aamer, KA Kohn, J Becker, ML AF Aamer, Khaled A. Kohn, Joachim Becker, Matthew L. TI PMSE 475-Development of high-throughput combinatorial screening method for probing cell-biomaterials interactions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Aamer, Khaled A.; Becker, Matthew L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kohn, Joachim] Rutgers State Univ, New Jersey Ctr Biomat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM khaled.aamer@nist.gov; kohn@biology.rutgers.edu; matthew.becker@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 475-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109392 ER PT J AU Alvine, KJ Ro, HW Ding, YF Okerberg, B Douglas, JF Karim, A Soles, CL AF Alvine, Kyle J. Ro, Hyun Wook Ding, Yifu Okerberg, Brian Douglas, Jack F. Karim, Alamgir Soles, Christopher L. TI PMSE 146-Instability in nanoimprinted structures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Alvine, Kyle J.; Ro, Hyun Wook; Ding, Yifu; Okerberg, Brian; Douglas, Jack F.; Karim, Alamgir; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kalvine@nist.gov; yding@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov; alamgir.karim@nist.gov; christopher.soles@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 146-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109174 ER PT J AU Amis, EJ AF Amis, Eric J. TI POLY 48-Untold promise and unknown risks: Science-based decision-making for nanotechnology SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Amis, Eric J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.amis@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 48-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800814 ER PT J AU Antonucci, J Fowler, BO Stansbury, JW Weir, MD Skrtic, D AF Antonucci, J. Fowler, Bruce O. Stansbury, Jeffrey W. Weir, Michael D. Skrtic, Drago TI POLY 551-Bioactive polymeric ACP composites utilizing ethyl-alpha-hydroxymethylacrylate SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Antonucci, J.] NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fowler, Bruce O.; Weir, Michael D.; Skrtic, Drago] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stansbury, Jeffrey W.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Sch Dent, Biomat Res Ctr, Aurora, CO 80010 USA. EM joseph.antonucci@nist.gov; bruce.fowler@nist.gov; Jeffrey.Stansbury@uchsc.edu; michael.weir@nist.gov; drago.skrtic@nist.gov RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013 OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 551-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800354 ER PT J AU Bauer, BJ Chun, JH Fagan, JA Hobbie, EK AF Bauer, Barry J. Chun, Jaehun Fagan, Jeffrey A. Hobbie, Erik K. TI ANYL 191-Field flow fractionation of single wall carbon nanotubes using crossflow and electrophoresis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bauer, Barry J.; Chun, Jaehun; Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Hobbie, Erik K.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM barry.bauer@nist.gov; jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 191-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100348 ER PT J AU Beaver, MR Baynard, T Garland, RM Hasenkopf, CA Ravishankara, AR Tolbert, MA AF Beaver, Melinda R. Baynard, Tahllee Garland, Rebecca M. Hasenkopf, Christa A. Ravishankara, A. R. Tolbert, Margaret A. TI PHYS 248-Relative humidity dependence of light extinction by mixed organic/sulfate particles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Cellulose & Renewble Mat C1 [Beaver, Melinda R.; Tolbert, Margaret A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Beaver, Melinda R.; Tolbert, Margaret A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Baynard, Tahllee] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Skaggs Res Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Garland, Rebecca M.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Dept Biochem, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. [Hasenkopf, Christa A.] Univ Colorado, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM melinda.beaver@colorado.edu; tolbert@spot.colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 248-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775108791 ER PT J AU Bergeron, DE Hudgens, JW AF Bergeron, Denis E. Hudgens, Jeffrey W. TI PHYS 9-Precise mechanisms of formation and degradation of monolayer protected gold nanoparticles via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Bergeron, Denis E.; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM denis.bergeron@nist.gov; hudgens@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 9-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775108651 ER PT J AU Berry, BC Jones, RL Karim, A AF Berry, Brian C. Jones, Ronald L. Karim, Alamgir TI ANYL 170-Cold zone annealing of block copolymers on topographically patterned substrates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Berry, Brian C.; Jones, Ronald L.; Karim, Alamgir] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.berry@nist.gov; ronald.jones@nist.gov; alamgir.karim@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 170-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100414 ER PT J AU Bowles, SE Korth, BD Keng, PY Benkoski, JJ Douglas, JF Karim, A Pyun, J AF Bowles, Steven E. Korth, Bryan D. Keng, Pei Yuin Benkoski, Jason J. Douglas, Jack F. Karim, Alamgir Pyun, Jeffrey TI POLY 398-Magneto-responsive polymer-nanoparticle hybrid materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Bowles, Steven E.; Korth, Bryan D.; Keng, Pei Yuin; Pyun, Jeffrey] Univ Arizona, Dept Chem, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Benkoski, Jason J.; Douglas, Jack F.; Karim, Alamgir] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bkorth@email.arizona.edu; pkeng@email.arizona.edu; jason.benkoski@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov; alamgir.karim@nist.gov; jpyun@email.arizona.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 398-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800359 ER PT J AU Brown, CM Yildirim, T Curtis, JE Neumann, DA AF Brown, Craig M. Yildirim, Taner Curtis, Joseph E. Neumann, Dan A. TI PHYS 282-Combining neutron spectroscopy with classical/quantum calculations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Curtis, Joseph E.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Condensed Matter Sci Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM craig.brown@nist.gov; taner@rrdjazz.nist.gov; joseph.curtis@nist.gov; dan.neumann@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 282-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109343 ER PT J AU Brown, CM Liu, Y Kabbour, H Neumann, DA Ahn, C AF Brown, Craig M. Liu, Yun Kabbour, Houria Neumann, Dan A. Ahn, Channing TI INOR 531-Impact of coordinatively unsaturated metal sites on hydrogen affinity and surface packing density SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Brown, Craig M.; Neumann, Dan A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Maryland, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Mat & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Kabbour, Houria; Ahn, Channing] CALTECH, Dept Mat Sci, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM craig.brown@nist.gov; yunliu@nist.gov; dan.neumann@nist.gov; cca@caltech.edu RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 531-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105406 ER PT J AU Brown, GE Trainor, TP Eng, P Chaka, AM Kendelewicz, T Yamamoto, S Bluhm, H Ha, J Gelabert, A Wang, YG Nilsson, A AF Brown, Gordon E., Jr. Trainor, Thomas P. Eng, Peter Chaka, Anne M. Kendelewicz, Tom Yamamoto, Susumu Bluhm, Hendnik Ha, Juyoung Gelabert, Alexandre Wang, Yingge Nilsson, Anders TI GEOC 33-Factors controlling the reactivity of metal oxide surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Brown, Gordon E., Jr.; Kendelewicz, Tom; Ha, Juyoung; Gelabert, Alexandre; Wang, Yingge] Stanford Univ, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Eng, Peter] Univ Chicago, GSECARS, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Chaka, Anne M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nilsson, Anders] SLAC, Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Bluhm, Hendnik] Univ Calif Berkeley, Lawrence Berkeley Lab, Div Chem Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. EM gordon.brown@stanford.edu; eng@cars.uchicago.edu; HBluhm@lbl.gov; jyha@pangea.stanford.edu; gelabert@stanford.edu RI gelabert, alexandre/A-5684-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 33-GEOC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105067 ER PT J AU Brown, SS Dube, WP Osthoff, HD Stark, H Roberts, JM AF Brown, Steven S. Dube, William P. Osthoff, Hans D. Stark, Harald Roberts, James M. TI PHYS 19-Photochemistry at night: Dark reactions of photochemically generated species SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Brown, Steven S.; Dube, William P.; Stark, Harald; Roberts, James M.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Osthoff, Hans D.] Univ Calgary, Dept Chem, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Dube, William/I-1658-2013 OI Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 19-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109264 ER PT J AU Burgess, DR AF Burgess, Donald R., Jr. TI FUEL 104-Enthalpies of formation for aromatic compounds from G3B3(MP2) calculations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Burgess, Donald R., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dburgess@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 104-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104812 ER PT J AU Burkholder, JB AF Burkholder, James B. TI PHYS 291-Particle nucleation following the oxidation of biogenic compounds SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Burkholder, James B.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 291-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109324 ER PT J AU Chan, YH Chen, JX Pickett, A Wark, SE Mirin, RP Son, DH Batteas, JD AF Chan, Yang-Hsiang Chen, Jixin Pickett, Ammon Wark, Stacey E. Mirin, Richard P. Son, Dong Hee Batteas, James D. TI COLL 251-Using patterned arrays of metal nanoparticles to probe plasmon enhanced luminescence of CdSe quantum dots on GaAs SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chan, Yang-Hsiang; Chen, Jixin; Pickett, Ammon; Wark, Stacey E.; Son, Dong Hee; Batteas, James D.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Chem, College Stn, TX 77840 USA. [Mirin, Richard P.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yhchan@mail.chem.tamu.edu; swark@mail.chem.tamu.edu; mirin@boulder.nist.gov; dhson@mail.chem.tamu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 251-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103700 ER PT J AU Cheng, GJ Dennis, CL Shull, RD Walker, ARH AF Cheng, Guangjun Dennis, Cindi L. Shull, Robert D. Walker, A. R. Hight TI INOR 500-Probing the growth and aging of cobalt nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cheng, Guangjun; Walker, A. R. Hight] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dennis, Cindi L.; Shull, Robert D.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM guangjun.cheng@nist.gov; cindi.dennis@nis.gov RI Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 500-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775106072 ER PT J AU Chung, JY Huang, R Stafford, CM AF Chung, Jun Young Huang, Rui Stafford, Christopher M. TI PMSE 111-Harnessing wrinkling instabilities for advanced measurements of polymeric thin films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chung, Jun Young; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huang, Rui] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM junyoung.chung@nist.gov; ruihuang@mail.utexas.edu; chris.stafford@nist.gov RI Huang, Rui/B-1627-2008 OI Huang, Rui/0000-0003-0328-3862 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 111-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109657 ER PT J AU Chung, JY Lee, YJ Hopson, PL Fasolka, MJ Stafford, CM AF Chung, Jun Young Lee, Young Jong Hopson, Peyton L. Fasolka, Michael J. Stafford, Christopher M. TI PMSE 113-Measuring the modulus of hydrated contact lenses via surface wrinkling SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chung, Jun Young; Lee, Young Jong; Fasolka, Michael J.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hopson, Peyton L.] Vistakon, Jacksonville, FL 32256 USA. EM junyoung.chung@nist.gov; youngjong.lee@nist.gov; PHopson@VISUS.JNJ.com; michael.fasolka@nist.gov; chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 113-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109467 ER PT J AU Cooksey, CC Heilweil, EJ AF Cooksey, Catherine C. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI PHYS 338-Terahertz spectroscopy of biomolecules in aqueous miscelles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cooksey, Catherine C.; Heilweil, Edwin J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ccooksey@nist.gov; edwin.heilweil@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 338-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109793 ER PT J AU Esenturk, EN Walker, ARH AF Esenturk, Emren Nalbant Walker, Angela R. Hight TI INOR 502-Surface enhanced Raman activity of star-shaped gold nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Esenturk, Emren Nalbant; Walker, Angela R. Hight] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM emrenes@nist.gov; angela.hightwalker@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 502-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775106023 ER PT J AU Feierabend, KJ Flad, JE Brown, SS Burkholder, JB AF Feierabend, Karl J. Flad, Jonathan E. Brown, Steven S. Burkholder, James B. TI PHYS 59-HCO quantum yields in the photolysis of glyoxal, HC(O)C(O)H, from 290 to 420 nm SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Feierabend, Karl J.; Flad, Jonathan E.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Brown, Steven S.; Burkholder, James B.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM karl.feierabend@noaa.gov; steven.s.brown@noaa.gov; James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 59-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109354 ER PT J AU Ferry, JL Craig, PS Frey, R Hexel, CR Shaw, TJ Murphy, CJ Patrick, S Decho, A Chandler, GT Pennington, P Fulton, M AF Ferry, John L. Craig, Preston S. Frey, Rebecca Hexel, Cole R. Shaw, Timothy J. Murphy, Catherine J. Patrick, Sisco Decho, Alan Chandler, G. T. Pennington, Paul Fulton, Michael TI ENVR 52-Partitioning of Au nanorods in saline estuarine mesocosms SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Ferry, John L.; Craig, Preston S.; Frey, Rebecca; Hexel, Cole R.; Shaw, Timothy J.; Murphy, Catherine J.; Patrick, Sisco] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Decho, Alan] Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Chandler, G. T.] Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Pennington, Paul] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Fulton, Michael] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM ferry@mail.chem.sc.edu; craig@mail.chem.sc.edu; hexel@mail.chem.sc.edu; shaw@mail.chem.sc.edu; murphy@mail.chem.sc.edu; sisco@mail.chem.sc.edu; paul.pennington@noaa.gov; Mike.Fulton@noaa.gov RI Hexel, Cole/N-3245-2016 OI Hexel, Cole/0000-0001-8101-2422 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 52-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104380 ER PT J AU Genzer, J Efimenko, K Douglas, JF Fischer, DA Phelan, F AF Genzer, Jan Efimenko, Kirill Douglas, Jack F. Fischer, Daniel A. Phelan, Frederick TI POLY 400-Propagating waves of self assembly in organosilane monolayers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Genzer, Jan; Efimenko, Kirill] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.; Phelan, Frederick] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jan_Genzer@ncsu.edu; efimenko@unity.ncsu.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 400-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800217 ER PT J AU Hamilton, K White, CC Tan, KT Hunston, DL AF Hamilton, Kristin White, Christopher C. Tan, Kar T. Hunston, Donald L. TI PMSE 101-Adhesion failure of PMMA and PBMA in humid environments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hamilton, Kristin] Univ So Mississippi, Sch Polymers & High Performance Mat, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [White, Christopher C.; Tan, Kar T.; Hunston, Donald L.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kristin.hamilton@hotmail.com; christopher.white@nist.gov; kar.tan@nist.gov; donald.hunston@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 101-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109149 ER PT J AU Hayes, CJ Burgess, DR AF Hayes, Carrigan J. Burgess, Donald R., Jr. TI FUEL 103-Determining model compounds for biofuel oxidation: Explorations of the oxidative decomposition of methyl esters SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hayes, Carrigan J.; Burgess, Donald R., Jr.] NIST, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carrigan.hayes@nist.gov; donald.burgess@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 103-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104784 ER PT J AU Huang, HQ Nolte, AJ Chung, JY Stafford, CM AF Huang, Heqing Nolte, Adam J. Chung, Jun Young Stafford, Christopher M. TI PMSE 168-Synthesis and characterization of polymer brushes from PDMS surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Huang, Heqing; Nolte, Adam J.; Chung, Jun Young; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM junyoung.chung@nist.gov; chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 168-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109472 ER PT J AU Hunston, DL Tan, KT White, CC AF Hunston, Donald L. Tan, Kar T. White, Christopher C. TI PMSE 63-Effect of strain on the durability of sealant materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Hunston, Donald L.; Tan, Kar T.; White, Christopher C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donald.hunston@nist.gov; kar.tan@nist.gov; christopherwhite@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 63-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800065 ER PT J AU Jacox, ME Thompson, WE AF Jacox, Marilyn E. Thompson, Warren E. TI PHYS 109-Infrared spectroscopy and photochemistry of isotopically substituted NO3 trapped in solid neon SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc, Div Cellulose & Renewble Mat C1 [Jacox, Marilyn E.; Thompson, Warren E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marilyn.jacox@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 109-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775108839 ER PT J AU Karim, A Berry, BC Bosse, A Jones, RL Douglas, JF AF Karim, Alamgir Berry, Brian C. Bosse, August Jones, Ronald L. Douglas, Jack F. TI POLY 562-Evolution of orientational order in directed assembly of block copolymer films SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Karim, Alamgir; Berry, Brian C.; Bosse, August; Jones, Ronald L.; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alamgir.karim@nist.gov; brian.berry@nist.gov; ronald.jones@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 562-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800660 ER PT J AU Karim, A Yager, K Berry, B Page, K Patton, D Amis, EJ AF Karim, Alamgir Yager, Kevin Berry, Brian Page, Kirt Patton, Derek Amis, Eric J. TI PMSE 143-Defects tolerant self-assembly with tunable polymer nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Karim, Alamgir; Yager, Kevin; Berry, Brian; Page, Kirt; Patton, Derek] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Amis, Eric J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alamgir.karim@nist.gov; eric.amis@nist.gov RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 143-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800077 ER PT J AU Kashiwagi, T Danyus, R Zammarano, M Shields, JR AF Kashiwagi, Takashi Danyus, Ryan Zammarano, Mauro Shields, John R. TI PMSE 132-Enhancement of char formation of polymer nanocomposites using a catalyst SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kashiwagi, Takashi; Danyus, Ryan; Zammarano, Mauro; Shields, John R.] NIST, Mat Fire Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM takashi.kashiwagi@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 132-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109147 ER PT J AU Liu, J Chung, JY Stafford, CM AF Liu, Jiong Chung, Jun Young Stafford, Christopher M. TI PMSE 58-Quantifying interfacial adhesion in transfer printing via a cantilever peel test SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Liu, Jiong; Chung, Jun Young; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jiong.liu@nist.gov; junyoung.chung@nist.gov; chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 58-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109470 ER PT J AU Liu, YL Walker, ARH AF Liu, Yonglin Walker, Angela R. Hight TI ANYL 50-Synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticles in aqueous solutions SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Liu, Yonglin; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM angela.hightwalker@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 50-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100436 ER PT J AU Luo, JH Zhao, YS Liu, Y Xu, HW Brown, CM Daemen, LL Currier, RP AF Luo, Junhua Zhao, Yusheng Liu, Yun Xu, Hongwu Brown, Craig M. Daemen, Luke L. Currier, Robert P. TI INOR 1068-Neutron diffraction study of hydrogen adsorption in porous metal-organic frameworks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Luo, Junhua; Zhao, Yusheng; Daemen, Luke L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos Neutron Sci Ctr, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Liu, Yun] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Xu, Hongwu] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Neutron Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Currier, Robert P.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Chem, C ADI, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM jhluo@lanl.gov; yzhao@lanl.gov; hxu@lanl.gov; craig.brown@nist.gov; currier@lanl.gov RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012; Lujan Center, LANL/G-4896-2012; Luo, Junhua/G-8928-2011 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153; Luo, Junhua/0000-0002-3179-7652 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 1068-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775106550 ER PT J AU Lynn, JW AF Lynn, Jeffrey W. TI INOR 564-Recent neutron results on multiferroic oxides SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Lynn, Jeffrey W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jeff.Lynn@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 564-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775105665 ER PT J AU Mason, SE Tanwar, K Trainor, TP Chaka, AM AF Mason, Sara E. Tanwar, Kunaljeet Trainor, Thomas P. Chaka, Anne M. TI COLL 79-Pb(II) sorption on hydrated oxide surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Chaka, Anne M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tanwar, Kunaljeet; Trainor, Thomas P.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Chem & Biochem, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM sara.mason@nist.gov; ftkjt@uaf.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 79-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103675 ER PT J AU Millican, JN Stalick, JK AF Millican, Jasmine N. Stalick, Judith K. TI INOR 607-In situ pressure studies of highly correlated electron materials using neutron powder diffraction SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Millican, Jasmine N.; Stalick, Judith K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jasmine@nist.gov; judith.stalick@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 607-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775106578 ER PT J AU Moad, AJ DeLongchamp, DM Kline, RJ Jung, Y Fischer, DA Gundlach, DJ Hamadani, BH McCulloch, I Heeney, M Richter, LJ AF Moad, Andrew J. DeLongchamp, Dean M. Kline, R. Joseph Jung, Youngsuk Fischer, Daniel A. Gundlach, David J. Hamadani, Behrang H. McCulloch, Iain Heeney, Martin Richter, Lee J. TI COLL 369-Molecular characterization of the thermal phase behavior of two high performance semiconducting polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Moad, Andrew J.; Richter, Lee J.] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Kline, R. Joseph; Jung, Youngsuk] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gundlach, David J.; Hamadani, Behrang H.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McCulloch, Iain; Heeney, Martin] Merck Chem, Southampton SO16 7QD, Hants, England. EM andrew.moad@nist.gov; dean.delongchamp@nist.gov; iain.mcculloch@merckchem.co.uk; lee.richter@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 369-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103550 ER PT J AU Morrow, JB Jones, BJ Cole, KD AF Morrow, Jayne B. Jones, Barbara J. Cole, Kenneth D. TI COLL 433-Impact of surface properties on suspension stability and the surface association potential of Bacillus spores SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Morrow, Jayne B.; Cole, Kenneth D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jones, Barbara J.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmorrow@nist.gov; Kenneth.Cole@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 433-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103773 ER PT J AU Nesbitt, DJ Dong, F Roberts, M Zolot, A Ziemkiewicz, M AF Nesbitt, David J. Dong, Feng Roberts, Melanie Zolot, Alex Ziemkiewicz, Michael TI PHYS 72-Spectroscopy and reaction dynamics of open-shell species: A quantum state resolved perspective SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] JILA NIST, JILA Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Roberts, Melanie] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Dong, Feng] Los Gatos Res, Mountain View, CA 94041 USA. [Zolot, Alex] JILA Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu; f.dong@lgrinc.com; Melanie.Roberts@colorado.edu RI Zolot, Alexander/C-7450-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 72-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109818 ER PT J AU Nesbitt, DJ Peterson, JJ Baker, TA Rouge, J Fomenko, V AF Nesbitt, David J. Peterson, Jeffrey J. Baker, Thomas A. Rouge, Jessica Fomenko, Vasiliy TI COLL 23-Influencing quantum dot blinking dynamics: Temporal, chemical and frequency domain studies SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nesbitt, David J.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fomenko, Vasiliy] Landauer, Crystal Growth Div, Stillwater, OK 74074 USA. EM djn@jila.colorado.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 23-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103836 ER PT J AU Newell, DB AF Newell, David B. TI CINF 20-Quantum electrical units and the new SI: Linking macroscopic to microscopic mass via the "electronic kilogram" SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Newell, David B.] NIST, Quantum Elect Metrol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.newell@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 20-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103319 ER PT J AU Nolte, AJ Huang, HQ Stafford, CM AF Nolte, Adam J. Huang, Heqing Stafford, Christopher M. TI PMSE 60-JKR adhesion measurements at layer-by-layer and polymer brush functionalized surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nolte, Adam J.; Huang, Heqing; Stafford, Christopher M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.stafford@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 60-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109420 ER PT J AU Nyden, MR Stoliarov, SI Ganesan, V Khounlavong, L AF Nyden, Marc R. Stoliarov, Stanislav I. Ganesan, Venkat Khounlavong, Landry TI PMSE 401-Modeling the dispersion and aglomeration of carbon nanotubes in polymers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nyden, Marc R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stoliarov, Stanislav I.] SRA Int, Egg Harbor Township, NJ 08234 USA. [Ganesan, Venkat; Khounlavong, Landry] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA. EM marc.nyden@nist.gov; venkat@che.utexas.edu RI Ganesan, Venkat/B-9912-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 401-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109066 ER PT J AU Pack, S Bobo, E Leonard, K Rosenbaum, J Kashiwagi, T Rafailovich, MH AF Pack, Seongchan Bobo, Ezra Leonard, Kimberley Rosenbaum, Joshua Kashiwagi, Takashi Rafailovich, Miriam H. TI PMSE 136-Nanotube/clay synergy to obtain self extinguishing polymer blends SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Pack, Seongchan; Rafailovich, Miriam H.] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Bobo, Ezra] Univ Penn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Leonard, Kimberley] Dix Hills High Sch, Dix Hills, NY 11746 USA. [Rosenbaum, Joshua] Yeshiva Flatbush High Sch, Brooklyn, NY 11229 USA. [Kashiwagi, Takashi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Fire Res Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tlkrfam@yahoo.com; takashi.kashiwagi@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 136-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109585 ER PT J AU Park, JK Page, KA Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Arif, M Moore, RB AF Park, Jong Keun Page, Kirt A. Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, D. L. Arif, M. Moore, Robert B. TI POLY 558-Morphology and transport considerations in the actuation mechanism of electrically-stimulated artificial muscles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Park, Jong Keun] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Page, Kirt A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jacobson, D. L.; Arif, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Moore, Robert B.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jkpark@vt.edu; daniel.hussey@nist.gov; rbmoore3@vt.edu RI Moore, Robert/E-9619-2011 OI Moore, Robert/0000-0001-9057-7695 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 558-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800570 ER PT J AU Park, JK Page, KA Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Arif, M Moore, RB AF Park, Jong Keun Page, Kirt A. Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, D. L. Arif, M. Moore, Robert B. TI POLY 482-Dynamics of water/counter-ion redistribution in electrically-stimulated ionic polymer metal composite actuators SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Park, Jong Keun] Virginia Tech, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Page, Kirt A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jacobson, D. L.; Arif, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Moore, Robert B.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Chem, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jkpark@vt.edu; daniel.hussey@nist.gov; rbmoore3@vt.edu RI Moore, Robert/E-9619-2011 OI Moore, Robert/0000-0001-9057-7695 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 482-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800561 ER PT J AU Patton, DL Berry, BC Stafford, CM Beers, KL Fasolka, MJ AF Patton, Derek L. Berry, Brian C. Stafford, Christopher M. Beers, Kathryn L. Fasolka, Michael J. TI PMSE 21-Statistical copolymer brush gradients as a platform for screening block copolymer self-assembly SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Patton, Derek L.; Berry, Brian C.; Stafford, Christopher M.; Beers, Kathryn L.; Fasolka, Michael J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.berry@nist.gov; chris.stafford@nist.gov; michael.fasolka@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 21-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109246 ER PT J AU Prieve, DC Sides, PJ Fagan, JA Hoggard, JD AF Prieve, Dennis C. Sides, Paul J. Fagan, Jeffrey A. Hoggard, James D. TI COLL 57-Electrolyte-dependent 2-D aggregation of colloidal particles on a planar a/c electrode SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Prieve, Dennis C.; Sides, Paul J.; Hoggard, James D.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Fagan, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dcprieve@cmu.edu; ps7r@cmu.edu; jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 57-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775103834 ER PT J AU Psurek, T Antonucci, J AF Psurek, Tatiana Antonucci, J. TI POLY 548-Molecular dynamics of a dental monomer and its polymer SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Psurek, Tatiana] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Antonucci, J.] NIST, Div Polymer, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tatiana.psurek@nist.gov; joseph.antonucci@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 548-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800349 ER PT J AU Rasheed, A Rahtekar, S Jain, R Gilman, JW Kumar, S Windle, AH Koziol, K AF Rasheed, Asif Rahtekar, Sameer Jain, Rahul Gilman, Jeffrey W., Sr. Kumar, Satish Windle, Alan H. Koziol, K. TI CELL 150-Cellulose and cellulose/carbon nanotubes composite fiber processed from ionic liquid SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Rasheed, Asif] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Whitewater, WI 53190 USA. [Rahtekar, Sameer; Gilman, Jeffrey W., Sr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jain, Rahul; Kumar, Satish] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Polymer Text & Fiber Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Windle, Alan H.; Koziol, K.] Univ Cambridge, Dept Mat Sci, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, England. EM rasheeda@uww.edu; jeffrey.gilman@nist.gov; satish.kumar@ptfe.gatech.edu RI Koziol, Krzysztof/E-3626-2010; Kumar, Satish/F-7308-2011 OI Koziol, Krzysztof/0000-0002-8360-1121; NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 150-CELL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775101334 ER PT J AU Robertson, JWF Nablo, BJ Stanford, VM Krasilnikov, OV Rodrigues, CG Kasianowicz, JJ AF Robertson, Joseph W. F. Nablo, Brian J. Stanford, Vincent M. Krasilnikov, Oleg V. Rodrigues, Claudio G. Kasianowicz, John J. TI ANYL 151-Size resolution and chemical detection of water soluble polymers with nanopore conductance spectrometry SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Nablo, Brian J.; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stanford, Vincent M.] NIST, Informat Access Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krasilnikov, Oleg V.; Rodrigues, Claudio G.] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Recife, PE, Brazil. EM joseph.robertson@nist.gov; brian.nablo@nist.gov; vincent.stanford@nist.gov; john.kasianowicz@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 151-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100477 ER PT J AU Robichaud, D Hodges, JT Brown, LR Lisak, D Maslowski, P Yeung, LY Miller, CE Okumura, M AF Robichaud, David Hodges, Joseph T. Brown, Linda R. Lisak, Daniel Maslowski, Piotr Yeung, Laurence Y. Miller, Charles E. Okumura, Mitchio TI PHYS 108-Frequency-stabilized cavity ringdown spectroscopy of the oxygen A-band spectrum SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Robichaud, David; Yeung, Laurence Y.; Okumura, Mitchio] CALTECH, Arthur Amos Noyes Lab Chem Phys, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Hodges, Joseph T.] Natl Inst Stand, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Linda R.; Miller, Charles E.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Lisak, Daniel; Maslowski, Piotr] Uniwesytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Intytut Fisyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. EM djr@caltech.edu; pima@fizyka.umk.pl; lyeung@caltech.edu; charles.e.miller@jpl.nasa.gov; mo@its.caltech.edu RI Lisak, Daniel/E-1470-2014; Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014 OI Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 108-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109714 ER PT J AU Schexnailder, P Porcar, L Butler, PD Schmidt, G AF Schexnailder, Patrick Porcar, Lionel Butler, Paul D. Schmidt, Gudrun TI POLY 461-Structure of nanocomposite hydrogels with different ionic strengths SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Schexnailder, Patrick; Schmidt, Gudrun] Purdue Univ, Weldon Sch Biomed Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Porcar, Lionel; Butler, Paul D.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pschexna@purdue.edu; lionel.porcar@nist.gov; butler@nist.gov; gudrun@purdue.edu RI Butler, Paul/D-7368-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 461-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800471 ER PT J AU Shaw, TJ Ferry, JL Hexel, CR Craig, PS Murphy, CJ Patrick, S Frey, R Chandler, GT Decho, A Pennington, P Fulton, M AF Shaw, Timothy J. Ferry, John L. Hexel, Cole R. Craig, Preston S. Murphy, Catherine J. Patrick, Sisco Frey, Rebecca Chandler, G. T. Decho, Alan Pennington, Paul Fulton, Michael TI ENVR 32-Analysis of Au nanorods in samples from an estuarine mesocosm study SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Shaw, Timothy J.; Ferry, John L.; Hexel, Cole R.; Craig, Preston S.; Murphy, Catherine J.; Patrick, Sisco; Frey, Rebecca] Univ S Carolina, Dept Chem & Biochem, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Chandler, G. T.] Univ S Carolina, Sch Publ Hlth, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Decho, Alan] Univ S Carolina, Dept Environm Hlth Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Pennington, Paul] NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC USA. [Fulton, Michael] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM shaw@mail.chem.sc.edu; ferry@mail.chem.sc.edu; hexel@mail.chem.sc.edu; craig@mail.chem.sc.edu; murphy@mail.chem.sc.edu; sisco@mai.chem.sc.edu; paul.pennington@noaa.gov; Mike.Fulton@noaa.gov RI Hexel, Cole/N-3245-2016 OI Hexel, Cole/0000-0001-8101-2422 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 32-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104481 ER PT J AU Shen, VK Paluch, AS Errington, JR AF Shen, Vincent K. Paluch, Andrew S. Errington, Jeffrey R. TI COMP 43-Comparing the Gibbs Ensemble and Grand-Canonical Transition-Matrix Monte Carlo methods in the determination of fluid phase equilibria SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Shen, Vincent K.] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Paluch, Andrew S.; Errington, Jeffrey R.] SUNY Buffalo, Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. EM vincent.shen@nist.gov; aspaluch@eng.buffalo.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 43-COMP PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775104202 ER PT J AU Soukhova, N Smeller, JM Martin-Esker, A Wahab, S AF Soukhova, Nadejda Smeller, Johanna M. Martin-Esker, Amanda Wahab, Samir TI ANYL 28-Development and validation of an HPLC method for determination of amodiaquine hydrochloride SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Wahab, Samir] US Pharmacopeial Convent Inc, Res & Dev Lab, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Smeller, Johanna M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ns@usp.org; JSmeller@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 28-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775100517 ER PT J AU Sun, JR Ding, YF Lin, NJ Ro, HW Soles, C Lin-Gibson, S AF Sun, Jirun Ding, Yifu Lin, Nancy J. Ro, Hyun Wook Soles, Christopher Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI PMSE 473-Monitoring alignment of osteoblast cells directed by gradient nanopatterns SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Sun, Jirun; Ding, Yifu; Lin, Nancy J.; Ro, Hyun Wook; Soles, Christopher; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yding@nist.gov; csoles@nist.gov; slgibson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 473-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109306 ER PT J AU Sun, JR Dunker, J Lin-Gibson, S AF Sun, Jirun Dunker, Joy Lin-Gibson, Sheng TI POLY 546-Microleakage evaluation using X-ray microcomputed tomography SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [Sun, Jirun; Dunker, Joy; Lin-Gibson, Sheng] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM slgibson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 546-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800305 ER PT J AU Tan, KT White, CC Hunston, DL AF Tan, Kar T. White, Christopher C. Hunston, Donald L. TI PMSE 61-Adhesion test method for sprayed fire resistant materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tan, Kar T.; White, Christopher C.; Hunston, Donald L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kar.tan@nist.gov; christopher.white@nist.gov; donald.hunston@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 61-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109203 ER PT J AU Thomas, EL Otani, M Chang, KS Lowhorn, ND Schenck, PK Green, ML Wong-Ng, W AF Thomas, Evan L. Otani, Makoto Chang, Kao-Shuo Lowhorn, Nathan D. Schenck, Peter K. Green, Martin L. Wong-Ng, Winnie TI INOR 608-A combinatorial approach to the study of the phase diagram and thermoelectric properties in the Ce-Co-Sn system SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Thomas, Evan L.; Otani, Makoto; Chang, Kao-Shuo; Lowhorn, Nathan D.; Schenck, Peter K.; Green, Martin L.; Wong-Ng, Winnie] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM evan.thomas@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 608-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775106581 ER PT J AU To, TT Heilweil, EJ AF To, Tung T. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI PHYS 684-Design, synthesis, ultrafast chelation-dechelation, and reversible switching dynamics of new molecular organochromium photoswitches SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [To, Tung T.; Heilweil, Edwin J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tung.to@nist.gov; edwin.heilweil@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 684-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109795 ER PT J AU To, TT Heilweil, EJ AF To, Tung T. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI PHYS 337-Synthesis and ultrafast chelation dynamics of novel molecular photoswitches SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [To, Tung T.; Heilweil, Edwin J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tung.to@nist.gov; edwin.heilweil@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 337-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109796 ER PT J AU VanderHart, DL Prabhu, VM Lavery, KA Lin, EK Dennis, CL AF VanderHart, David L. Prabhu, Vivek M. Lavery, Kristopher A. Lin, Eric K. Dennis, Cindi L. TI POLY 338-Synthetic mica: A promising substrate for thin film studies by solid state proton NMR SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [VanderHart, David L.; Prabhu, Vivek M.; Lavery, Kristopher A.; Lin, Eric K.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dennis, Cindi L.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.vanderhart@nist.gov; klavery@nist.gov; eric.lin@nist.gov; cindi.dennis@nis.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 338-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800439 ER PT J AU Weinman, CJ Finlay, JA Park, D Paik, MY Krishnan, S Fletcher, BR Callow, ME Callow, JA Handlin, DL Willis, CL Fischer, DA Sohn, KE Kramer, EJ Ober, CK AF Weinman, Craig J. Finlay, John A. Park, Daewon Paik, Marvin Y. Krishnan, Sitaraman Fletcher, Benjamin R. Callow, Maureen E. Callow, James A. Handlin, Dale L., Jr. Willis, Carl L. Fischer, Daniel A. Sohn, Karen E. Kramer, Edward J. Ober, Christopher K. TI PMSE 362-Antifouling ABC triblock copolymers with grafted functionality SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Weinman, Craig J.; Park, Daewon; Paik, Marvin Y.; Krishnan, Sitaraman; Ober, Christopher K.] Cornell Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Finlay, John A.; Fletcher, Benjamin R.; Callow, Maureen E.; Callow, James A.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Biosci, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Handlin, Dale L., Jr.; Willis, Carl L.] KRATON Polymers, Houston, TX 77082 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sohn, Karen E.; Kramer, Edward J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Mat, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM cjw47@cornell.edu; J.A.Finlay@bham.ac.uk; myp3@cornell.edu; sk387@cornell.edu; m.e.callow@bham.ac.uk; j.a.callow@bham.ac.uk; dale.handlin@kraton.com; carl.willis@kraton.com; ksohn@mrl.ucsb.edu; edkramer@mrl.ucsb.edu; cober@ccmr.cornell.edu RI Krishnan, Sitaraman/C-5559-2011 OI Krishnan, Sitaraman/0000-0002-1228-8393 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 362-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775109249 ER PT J AU White, CC Tan, KT Hunston, DL Clerici, C Vogt, BD AF White, Christopher C. Tan, Kar T. Hunston, Donald L. Clerici, Cyril Vogt, Bryan D. TI PMSE 102-Studies of factors affecting PMMA adhesion in humid environments from sorption experiments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA C1 [White, Christopher C.; Tan, Kar T.; Hunston, Donald L.; Clerici, Cyril] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vogt, Bryan D.] Arizona State Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov; kar.tan@nist.gov; donald.hunston@nist.gov; cyril.clerici@nist.gov; Bryan.Vogt@asu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 102-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519XJ UT WOS:000271802800107 ER PT J AU Zwier, TS Baquero, E James, W Pillsbury, N Rodrigo, C Mueller, C Gellman, SH Choi, SH Plusquellic, D AF Zwier, Timothy S. Baquero, Esteban James, William, III Pillsbury, Nathan Rodrigo, Chirantha Mueller, Christian Gellman, Samuel H. Choi, Soo-Hyuk Plusquellic, David TI PHYS 185-Single-conformation spectroscopy and dynamics in the complexity gap: Synthetic foldamers and flexible bichromophores SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 235th American-Chemical-Society National Meeting CY APR 06-10, 2008 CL New Orleans, LA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zwier, Timothy S.; Baquero, Esteban; James, William, III; Pillsbury, Nathan; Rodrigo, Chirantha; Mueller, Christian] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Gellman, Samuel H.; Choi, Soo-Hyuk] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Chem, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Plusquellic, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zwier@purdue.edu; david.plusquellic@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD APR 6 PY 2008 VL 235 MA 189-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 519OA UT WOS:000271775108644 ER PT J AU Chen, J Altepeter, JB Medic, M Lee, KF Gokden, B Hadfield, RH Nam, SW Kumar, P AF Chen, Jun Altepeter, Joseph B. Medic, Milja Lee, Kim Fook Gokden, Burc Hadfield, Robert H. Nam, Sae Woo Kumar, Prem TI Demonstration of a quantum controlled-NOT gate in the telecommunications band SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLED PHOTON PAIRS; DISPERSION-SHIFTED FIBER; GENERATION AB We present the first quantum controlled-not (CNOT) gate realized using a fiber-based indistinguishable photon-pair source in the 1.55 mu m telecommunications band. Using this free-space CNOT gate, all four Bell states are produced and fully characterized by performing quantum-state tomography, demonstrating the gate's unambiguous entangling capability and high fidelity. Telecom-band operation makes this CNOT gate particularly suitable for quantum-information-processing tasks that are at the interface of quantum communication and linear optical quantum computing. C1 [Chen, Jun; Altepeter, Joseph B.; Medic, Milja; Lee, Kim Fook; Gokden, Burc; Kumar, Prem] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Photon Commun & Comp, Dept EECS, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Medic, Milja; Kumar, Prem] Northwestern Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. [Hadfield, Robert H.; Nam, Sae Woo] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Chen, J (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Ctr Photon Commun & Comp, Dept EECS, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA. EM junchen@nist.gov; joe.altepeter@gmail.com RI Chen, Jun/A-7847-2009; Kumar, Prem/B-6691-2009; Hadfield, Robert/L-8081-2013 OI Hadfield, Robert/0000-0002-8084-4187 NR 25 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD APR 4 PY 2008 VL 100 IS 13 AR 133603 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.133603 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 283XR UT WOS:000254670300035 PM 18517954 ER PT J AU Coskuner, O Bergeron, DE Rincon, L Hudgens, JW Gonzalez, CA AF Coskuner, Orkid Bergeron, Denis E. Rincon, Luis Hudgens, Jeffrey W. Gonzalez, Carlos A. TI Identification of active sites of biomolecules. 1. Methyl-alpha-mannopyranoside and Fe-III SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; FUKUI FUNCTIONS; IRON-DEFICIENCY; FORCE-FIELD; MONOSACCHARIDES; COMPLEXES; DENSITY; DIFFERENTIATION; NANOPARTICLES AB Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics (CPMD) simulations, DFT chemical reactivity index calculations, and mass spectrometric measurements are combined in an integrated effort to elucidate the details of the coordination of a transition-metal ion to a carbohydrate. The impact of the interaction with the Fe-III ion on the glycosidic linkage conformation of methyl-CL-D-mannopyranoside is studied by classical molecular dynamics (MD) and CPMD simulations. This study shows that Fe-III interacts with specific hydroxyl oxygen atoms of the carbohydrate, affecting the ground state carbohydrate conformation. These conformational details are discussed in terms of a set of supporting experiments involving electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and CPMD simulations clearly indicate that the specific conformational preference is due to intramolecular hydrogen bonding. Classical MD simulations proved insensitive to these important chemical properties. Thus, we demonstrate the importance of chemical reactivity calculations and CPMD simulations in predicting the active sites of biological molecules toward metal cations. C1 [Coskuner, Orkid; Bergeron, Denis E.; Rincon, Luis; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.; Gonzalez, Carlos A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coskuner, Orkid] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Rincon, Luis] Univ Los Andes, Dept Quim, Merida 5101, Venezuela. RP Coskuner, O (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM orkid.coskuner@nist.gov RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013; Rincon, Luis/A-4604-2015; Coskuner, Orkid/O-5376-2016 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950; Coskuner, Orkid/0000-0002-0772-9350 NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD APR 3 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 13 BP 2940 EP 2947 DI 10.1021/jp711759q PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 282AU UT WOS:000254540800022 PM 18302355 ER PT J AU Tominaga, T Tirumala, VR Lee, S Lin, EK Gong, JP Wu, WL AF Tominaga, Taiki Tirumala, Vijay R. Lee, Sanghun Lin, Eric K. Gong, Jian Ping Wu, Wen-Li TI Thermodynamic interactions in double-network hydrogels SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; STRONG POLYELECTROLYTE HYDROGELS; HIGH MECHANICAL STRENGTH; WEAKLY CHARGED POLYMERS; POLYACRYLAMIDE HYDROGELS; STATIC SCATTERING; ELASTIC-MODULUS; GEL; DYNAMICS; ENTANGLEMENT AB Double-network hydrogels (DN-gels) prepared from the combination of a moderately cross-linked anionic polyelectrolyte (PE) and an uncross-linked linear polymer solution (NP) exhibit mechanical properties such as fracture toughness that are intriguingly superior to that of their individual constituents. The scheme of double-network preparation, however, is. not equally successful for all polyelectrolyte/neutral polymer pairs. A successful example is the combination of poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane sulfortic acid) (PAMPS) cross-linked network and linear polyacrylamide (PAAm), which results in DN-gels with fracture strength under compression approaching that of articular cartilage (, 20 MPa). Small-angle neutron scattering was used to determine the thermodynamic interaction parameters for PAMPS and PAAm in water as a first step to elucidate the molecular origin responsible for this superior property. Measurements on PAMPS/PAAm DN-gels and their solution blend counterparts indicate that the two polymers interact favorably with each other while in water. This favorable PAMPS/PAAm interaction given by the condition chi(PE-NP) << chi(PE-water) 2.5 mu m) size sections, aerosol nitrate concentrations are underpredicted by a factor of two. The availability of highly time-resolved measurements provides a unique opportunity to evaluate the model's partitioning of total nitrate and the simulation of chloride depletion as a function of particle size. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Nolte, Christopher G.; Bhave, Prakash V.; Dennis, Robin L.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Arnold, Jeff R.] US EPA, Natl Ctr Environm Assessment, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zhang, K. Max] Cornell Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY USA. [Wexler, Anthony S.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Mech & Aeronaut Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Nolte, CG (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. EM nolte.chris@epa.gov RI Nolte, Christopher/H-4345-2012; Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Nolte, Christopher/0000-0001-5224-9965; Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X NR 47 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 16 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD APR PY 2008 VL 42 IS 13 BP 3179 EP 3191 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.12.059 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 314YU UT WOS:000256845900022 ER PT J AU Thielen, J Schaake, J AF Thielen, Jutta Schaake, John TI Special Issue: HEPEX Workshop: Stresa, Italy, June 2007 SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Thielen, Jutta] IES LMUNH, EC Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. [Schaake, John] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Thielen, J (reprint author), IES LMUNH, EC Joint Res Ctr, Ispra, Italy. NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2 BP 27 EP 28 DI 10.1002/asl.185 PG 2 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 414JU UT WOS:000263860500001 ER PT J AU Thielen, J Schaake, J Hartman, R Buizza, R AF Thielen, Jutta Schaake, John Hartman, Robert Buizza, Roberto TI Aims, challenges and progress of the Hydrological Ensemble Prediction Experiment (HEPEX) following the third HEPEX workshop held in Stresa 27 to 29 June 2007 SO ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE probabilistic; hydrological forecasting; ensembles AB Since several years, users of weather forecasts have begun to realize the benefit of quantifying the uncertainty associated with forecasts rather than relying on single value forecasts. At the same time, hydrologists and water managers have begun to explore the potential benefit of ensemble prediction systems (EPS) for hydrological applications. The Hydrologic Ensemble Prediction Experiment (HEPEX) is an international project that aims to foster the development of probabilistic hydrological forecasting and corresponding decision making tools. Since 2004, HEPEX has provided discussion opportunities for hydrological and meteorological scientists involved in the development, testing, and operational management of forecasting systems, and end users. Copyright (c) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society C1 [Thielen, Jutta] Commiss European Communities, DJ Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. [Schaake, John] NOAA NWS, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. [Hartman, Robert] NOAA, Sacramento, CA 95281 USA. [Buizza, Roberto] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. RP Thielen, J (reprint author), Commiss European Communities, DJ Joint Res Ctr, I-21027 Ispra, Italy. EM Jutta.thielen@jrc.it NR 19 TC 22 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1530-261X J9 ATMOS SCI LETT JI Atmos. Sci. Lett. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2 BP 29 EP 35 DI 10.1002/asl.168 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 414JU UT WOS:000263860500002 ER PT J AU Agness, AM Piatt, JF Ha, JC VanBlaricom, GR AF Agness, Alison M. Piatt, John F. Ha, James C. VanBlaricom, Glenn R. TI Effects of vessel activity on the near-shore ecology of Kittlitz's Murrelets (Brachyramphus brevirostris) in Glacier Bay, Alaska SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Alaska; Brachyramphus brevirostris; Glacier Bay National Park; Kittlitz's Murrelet; seabirds; vessel disturbance ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; MARBLED MURRELETS; REGRESSION TREES; DIVING DUCKS; DISTURBANCE; BEHAVIOR AB Summer breeding populations of Kittlitz's Murrelets (Brachyramphus brevirostris) have declined by 80-90% in southeastern Alaska during the past 25 years. Boating activities overlap considerably in space and time with Kittlitz's Murrelets in Glacier Bay, and disturbance could affect individuals by causing them to fly away from preferred foraging sites, thereby disrupting foraging bouts or resting periods. We observed the effects of vessel activity on Kittlitz's Murrelets at sea for each of three response variables (density, group size, and behaviors) in Glacier Bay. Response variables were characterized at three time-scales of inference: immediate (instantaneous response to vessel passage), short-term (response that persisted 30 min after vessel passage), and daily (response on days with different vessel traffic rates). Group size was not affected by vessel activity. By contrast, near-shore densities were suppressed temporarily by vessel passage but recovered within the day. Density effects did not persist at the daily time-scale and, therefore, did not result in persistent loss of foraging habitat for Kittlitz's Murrelets. Also, behavior was affected at both the immediate and daily time-scales, but not at the short-term time-scale, and may have affected Kittlitz's Murrelets by increasing the amount of time spent flying, which is energetically costly. Vessel passage caused a 30-fold increase in flight behavior (from 0% to 30%). Large and fast-moving vessels caused the greatest disturbance to Kittlitz's Murrelets, which has implications for management of vessel activity. C1 [Agness, Alison M.; VanBlaricom, Glenn R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Washington Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Piatt, John F.] US Geol Survey, Alaska Sci Ctr, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. [Ha, James C.] Univ Washington, Dept Psychol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Agness, AM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Reg Protected Resources Div, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 1, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM alison.agness@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 5 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2008 VL 125 IS 2 BP 346 EP 353 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.06203 PG 8 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 319VX UT WOS:000257193800011 ER PT J AU Nielson, RM McDonald, LL Sullivan, JP Burgess, C Johnson, DS Johnson, DH Bucholtz, S Hyberg, S Howlin, S AF Nielson, Ryan M. McDonald, Lyman L. Sullivan, Joseph P. Burgess, Colleen Johnson, Devin S. Johnson, Douglas H. Bucholtz, Shawn Hyberg, Skip Howlin, Shay TI Estimating the response of Ring-necked Pheasants (Phasianus colchicus) to the Conservation Reserve Program SO AUK LA English DT Article DE Breeding Bird Survey; Conservation Reserve Program; hierarchical model; Markov-chain Monte Carlo; Phasianus colchicus; Poisson regression; Ring-necked Pheasant ID CERULEAN WARBLERS; SOUTH-DAKOTA; ABUNDANCE; MODEL; SELECTION; CRP; SURVIVAL; SUCCESS; FIELDS; BIRDS AB We evaluated associations between the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP) and Ring-necked Pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) populations by modeling Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) counts of Ring-necked Pheasants during 1987-2005 along 388 routes in nine states. Ring-necked Pheasant counts were analyzed as overdispersed Poisson counts in a Bayesian hierarchical model estimated with Markov-chain Monte Carlo methods. This approach allowed for simultaneous estimation of the relationships between BBS counts and various habitat types, including CRP habitat types, for multiple regions and across the entire study area. The predictor variables included a time trend and percentages of major National Land Cover Dataset 1992 and CRP habitat types within a 1,000-m buffer around each route, along with other patch metrics. The deviance information criterion was used as a guide to help identify the most parsimonious model. We estimated that, on average, there was a positive association of Ring-necked Pheasant counts with the amount of CRP herbaceous vegetation within a 1,000-m buffer around a route. The analysis can be repeated periodically to model changes in Ring-necked Pheasant populations associated with new CRP enrollments and expiration of existing CRP contracts on a large scale. Our methodology can also be extended to other species and to other states and regions. C1 [Nielson, Ryan M.; McDonald, Lyman L.; Howlin, Shay] Western EcoSyst Technol, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. [Sullivan, Joseph P.] Ardea Consulting, Woodland, CA 95695 USA. [Burgess, Colleen] MathEcol, Phoenix, AZ 85086 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Johnson, Douglas H.] US Geol Survey, No Prairie Wildlife Res Ctr, St Paul, MN 55108 USA. [Bucholtz, Shawn] Econ Res Serv, USDA, Washington, DC 20036 USA. [Hyberg, Skip] Farm Serv Agcy, USDA, Washington, DC 20250 USA. RP Nielson, RM (reprint author), Western EcoSyst Technol, 2003 Cent Ave, Cheyenne, WY 82001 USA. EM rnielson@west-inc.com NR 39 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER ORNITHOLOGISTS UNION PI LAWRENCE PA ORNITHOLOGICAL SOC NORTH AMER PO BOX 1897, LAWRENCE, KS 66044-8897 USA SN 0004-8038 J9 AUK JI AUK PD APR PY 2008 VL 125 IS 2 BP 434 EP 444 DI 10.1525/auk.2008.07002 PG 11 WC Ornithology SC Zoology GA 319VX UT WOS:000257193800022 ER PT J AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. TI Maximizing biodiversity, information and sustainability SO BIODIVERSITY AND CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE applied macroecology; biosphere restoration; complexity; emergence; footprint; macroecological patterns; systemic health; systemic management ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; ECOLOGICAL-SOCIETY; RESOURCES; DIVERSITY; AMERICA AB Numerous global changes-notably anthropogenic extinction-force reconsideration of our management practices and the ways we regulate human influence in today's world. Here, I define management to maximize biodiversity and illustrate the science that provides information to set goals for such management. Maximizing biodiversity simultaneously achieves sustainability and systemic health by avoiding the abnormal or pathological. The normal or sustainable are determined through the use of empirical integrative patterns to objectively account for the complexity of systems within which we find ourselves as a species. The science that reveals these integrative patterns provides measures of problems that can be solved by maximizing biodiversity-problems heretofore recognized only qualitatively. I use the Shannon-Weiner information index to test, and, with no surprise, reject the null hypothesis that there is no direct anthropogenic effect on biodiversity. The results of this science serve as examples of the kind of information most useful for guiding management and illustrate maximized biodiversity as a standard for management. Reference points based on maximized biodiversity are preferable to statistical parameters in meeting the objective of avoiding the abnormal or pathological in our interactions with other species, ecosystems and the biosphere. Management to maximize biodiversity is implemented by modifying human interactions with other biotic systems to achieve consistency in such interactions by mimicking natural role models of sustainability. Human influence is a significant factor in today's world and the magnitude of such influence is illustrated by comparing humans with other species. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Charles.Fowler@noaa.gov NR 56 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0960-3115 EI 1572-9710 J9 BIODIVERS CONSERV JI Biodivers. Conserv. PD APR PY 2008 VL 17 IS 4 BP 841 EP 855 DI 10.1007/s10531-008-9327-2 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 279MV UT WOS:000254360200013 ER PT J AU Lucas, P Constantino, P Wood, B Lawn, B AF Lucas, Peter Constantino, Paul Wood, Bernard Lawn, Brian TI Dental enamel as a dietary indicator in mammals SO BIOESSAYS LA English DT Article ID MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; LAYER STRUCTURES; AMELOGENESIS IMPERFECTA; DISTRIBUTION PATTERNS; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; BITE FORCE; THICKNESS; TEETH; FAILURE; INDENTATION AB The considerable variation in shape, size, structure and properties of the enamel cap covering mammalian teeth is a topic of great evolutionary interest. No existing theories explain how such variations might be fit for the purpose of breaking food particles down. Borrowing from engineering materials science, we use principles of fracture and deformation of solids to provide a quantitative account of how mammalian enamel may be adapted to diet. Particular attention is paid to mammals that feed on 'hard objects' such as seeds and dry fruits, the outer casings of which appear to have evolved structures with properties similar to those of enamel. These foods are important in the diets of some primates, and have been heavily implicated as a key factor in the evolutionary history of the hominin clade. As a tissue with intrinsic weakness yet exceptional durability, enamel could be especially useful as a dietary indicator for extinct taxa. C1 [Lucas, Peter; Constantino, Paul; Wood, Bernard] George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Lawn, Brian] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lucas, P (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Anthropol, 2110 G St NW, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM pwlucas@gwu.edu OI Constantino, Paul/0000-0003-3397-7961 NR 95 TC 147 Z9 148 U1 6 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0265-9247 J9 BIOESSAYS JI Bioessays PD APR PY 2008 VL 30 IS 4 BP 374 EP 385 DI 10.1002/bies.20729 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 285OG UT WOS:000254785500011 PM 18348196 ER PT J AU Yang, YY Dorsey, SM Becker, ML Lin-Gibson, S Schumacher, GE Flaim, GA Kohn, JC Simon, CG AF Yang, Yanyin Dorsey, Shauna M. Becker, Matthew L. Lin-Gibson, Sheng Schumacher, Gary E. Flaim, Glenn A. Kohn, Joachim Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI X-ray imaging optimization of 3D tissue engineering scaffolds via combinatorial fabrication methods SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE combinatorial library; polycarbonate; scaffolds; radiopacity; X-ray microcomputed tomography; X-ray radiography ID DEGRADABLE BIOMATERIALS; BONE CEMENTS; SIZE; LIBRARY AB We have developed a combinatorial method for determining optimum tissue scaffold composition for several X-ray imaging techniques. X-ray radiography and X-ray microcomputed tomography enable non-invasive imaging of implants in vivo and in vitro. However, highly porous polymeric scaffolds do not always possess sufficient X-ray contrast and are therefore difficult to image with X-ray-based techniques. Incorporation of high radiocontrast atoms, such as iodine, into the polymer structure improves X-ray radiopacity but also affects physicochemical properties and material performance. Thus, we have developed a combinatorial library approach to efficiently determine the minimum amount of contrast agent necessary for X-ray-based imaging. The combinatorial approach is demonstrated in a polymer blend scaffold system where X-ray imaging of poly(desaminotyrosyl-tyrosine ethyl ester carbonate) (pDTEc) scaffolds is improved through a controlled composition variation with an iodinated-pDTEc analog (PI(2)DTEc). The results show that pDTEc scaffolds must include at least 9%, 16%, 38% or 46% PI(2)DTEc (by mass) to enable effective imaging by microradiography, dental radiography, dental radiography through 0.75 cm, of muscle tissue or microcomputed tomography, respectively. Only two scaffold libraries were required to determine these minimum PI(2)DTEc percentages required for X-ray imaging, which demonstrates the efficiency of this new combinatorial approach for optimizing scaffold formulations. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Yanyin; Dorsey, Shauna M.; Becker, Matthew L.; Lin-Gibson, Sheng; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Schumacher, Gary E.; Flaim, Glenn A.] Ammer Dent Assoc, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kohn, Joachim] New Jersey Ctr Biomat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov FU NIBIB NIH HHS [P41 EB 001046, R21 EB 006497-01, P41 EB001046-07, P41 EB001046] NR 29 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 15 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD APR PY 2008 VL 29 IS 12 BP 1901 EP 1911 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2007.12.042 PG 11 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 284TV UT WOS:000254729800018 PM 18242689 ER PT J AU Stanley, C Krueger, S Parsegian, VA Rau, DC AF Stanley, Christopher Krueger, Susan Parsegian, V. Adrian Rau, Donald C. TI Protein structure and hydration probed by SANS and osmotic stress SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PREFERENTIAL HYDRATION; GUANYLATE KINASE; SUBSTRATE-BINDING; WATER; EXCLUSION; DNA; STABILITY; POLYMERS; FORCES AB Interactions governing protein folding, stability, recognition, and activity are mediated by hydration. Here, we use small-angle neutron scattering coupled with osmotic stress to investigate the hydration of two proteins, lysozyme and guanylate kinase (GK), in the presence of solutes. By taking advantage of the neutron contrast variation that occurs upon addition of these solutes, the number of protein-associated (solute-excluded) water molecules can be estimated from changes in both the zero-angle scattering intensity and the radius of gyration. Poly(ethylene glycol) exclusion varies with molecular weight. This sensitivity can be exploited to probe structural features such as the large internal GK cavity. For GK, small-angle neutron scattering is complemented by isothermal titration calorimetry with osmotic stress to also measure hydration changes accompanying ligand binding. These results provide a framework for studying other biomolecular systems and assemblies using neutron scattering together with osmotic stress. C1 [Stanley, Christopher; Krueger, Susan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Stanley, Christopher; Parsegian, V. Adrian; Rau, Donald C.] NICHHD, Lab Phys & Struct Biol, Natl Inst Hlth, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Stanley, C (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM stanleycb@ornl.gov OI Stanley, Christopher/0000-0002-4226-7710 FU Intramural NIH HHS NR 50 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 2 U2 19 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 94 IS 7 BP 2777 EP 2789 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.122697 PG 13 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 275MM UT WOS:000254076300034 PM 18178651 ER PT J AU Qian, ZJ Jung, WK Kim, SK AF Qian, Zhong-Ji Jung, Won-Kyo Kim, Se-Kwon TI Free radical scavenging activity of a novel antioxidative peptide purified from hydrolysate of bullfrog skin, Rana catesbeiana Shaw SO BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE antioxidant peptide; bullfrog skin; hydrolysate; lipid peroxidation; radical scavenging activity ID PURIFICATION; CYSTEINE; PROTEIN; MUSSEL; SAUCE AB In the present study, a peptide having antioxidant properties was isolated from bullfrog skin protein, Rana catesbeiana Shaw. Bullfrog skin protein was hydrolyzed using alcalase, neutrase, pepsin, papain, alpha-chymotrypsin and trypsin. Antioxidant activities of respective hydrolysates were evaluated using lipid peroxidation inhibition assay and direct free radical scavenging activity by using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer. Among hydrolysates, alcalase derived hydrolysate exhibited the highest antioxidant activities than those of other enzyme hydrolysates. In order to purity a peptide having potent antioxidant properties, alcalase hydrolysate was separated using consecutive chromatographic methods on a Hiprep 16/10 DEAE FF anion exchange column, Superdex Peptide 10/300 GL gel filtration column and highan octadecylsilane (ODS) C18 reversed phase column. Finally, a potent antioxidative peptide was isolated and its sequence was identified to be LEELEEELEGCE (1487 Da) by Q-TOF ESI mass spectroscopy. This antioxidant peptide from bullfrog skin protein (APBSP) inhibited lipid peroxidation higher than that of alpha-tocopherol as positive control and efficiently quenched different sources of free radicals: DPPH radical (IC50 = 16.1 mu M), hydroxyl radical (IC50 = 12.8 mu M), superoxide radical (IC50 = 34.0 mu M) and peroxyl radical (IC50 = 32.6 mu M). Moreover, MTT assay showed that this peptide does not exert any cytotoxicity on human embryonic lung fibroblasts cell line (MRC-5). (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Qian, Zhong-Ji; Kim, Se-Kwon] Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Pusan 608737, South Korea. [Jung, Won-Kyo] Louisiana State Univ, Dept NOAA Sea Grant Dev & Food Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Kim, Se-Kwon] Pukyong Natl Univ, Marine Bioproc Res Ctr, Pusan 608737, South Korea. RP Kim, SK (reprint author), Pukyong Natl Univ, Dept Chem, Pusan 608737, South Korea. EM sknkim@pknu.ac.kr RI Kim, Se-Kwon/B-8848-2012; OI Jung, Won-Kyo/0000-0002-1615-750X; Kim, Se-Kwon/0000-0001-6507-9539 NR 27 TC 167 Z9 206 U1 5 U2 53 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0960-8524 J9 BIORESOURCE TECHNOL JI Bioresour. Technol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 99 IS 6 BP 1690 EP 1698 DI 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.005 PG 9 WC Agricultural Engineering; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels SC Agriculture; Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Energy & Fuels GA 260NA UT WOS:000253015800027 PM 17512726 ER PT J AU Schattel, JL Bunge, R AF Schattel, John L., Jr. Bunge, Robert TI The national weather service shares digital forecasts using web services SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article C1 [Schattel, John L., Jr.; Bunge, Robert] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Schattel, JL (reprint author), W OST24 RM 10388,1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM John.Schattel@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 449 EP 450 DI 10.1175/BAMS-89-4-449 PG 2 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 299YZ UT WOS:000255792800009 ER PT J AU Teixeira, J Stevens, B Bretherton, CS Cederwall, R Doyle, JD Golaz, JC Holtslag, AAM Klein, SA Lundquist, JK Randall, DA Siebesma, AR Soares, PMM AF Teixeira, J. Stevens, B. Bretherton, C. S. Cederwall, R. Doyle, J. D. Golaz, J. C. Holtslag, A. A. M. Klein, S. A. Lundquist, J. K. Randall, D. A. Siebesma, A. R. Soares, P. M. M. TI Parameterization of the atmospheric boundary layer SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID LARGE-EDDY SIMULATIONS C1 [Teixeira, J.] Naval Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Teixeira, J.] NATO Undersea Res Ctr, La Spezia, Italy. [Stevens, B.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA USA. [Bretherton, C. S.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cederwall, R.; Klein, S. A.; Lundquist, J. K.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA USA. [Doyle, J. D.; Golaz, J. C.] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA USA. [Golaz, J. C.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. [Holtslag, A. A. M.] Wageningen Univ, Wageningen, Netherlands. [Randall, D. A.] Colorado State Univ, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Siebesma, A. R.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Soares, P. M. M.] Univ Lisbon, P-1699 Lisbon, Portugal. [Soares, P. M. M.] Inst Super Engn Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal. RP Teixeira, J (reprint author), CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, 4800 Oak Grove Dr,MS 169-237, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. EM Teixeira@ipl.nasa.gov RI Randall, David/E-6113-2011; Soares, Pedro /K-6239-2012; Stevens, Bjorn/A-1757-2013; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014; Klein, Stephen/H-4337-2016; Holtslag, Albert/B-7842-2010 OI Randall, David/0000-0001-6935-4112; Soares, Pedro /0000-0002-9155-5874; Stevens, Bjorn/0000-0003-3795-0475; Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435; Klein, Stephen/0000-0002-5476-858X; Holtslag, Albert/0000-0003-0995-2481 NR 7 TC 31 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 453 EP 458 DI 10.1175/BAMS-89-4-453 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 299YZ UT WOS:000255792800011 ER PT J AU Gedzelman, S Vollmer, M AF Gedzelman, Stanley David Vollmer, Michael TI Atmospheric optical phenomena and radiative transfer SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MIE THEORY; COLOR; DISTRIBUTIONS; RAINBOWS; CLOUDS; HALOS; SIZE; SKY; PARAMETERIZATION; BRIGHTNESS AB We present simple radiative transfer models for the radiance and color of atmospheric optical phenomena. Skylight, halos, and rainbows are treated as singly scattered sunlight that is depleted by scattering as it passes through a plane-parallel atmosphere and a vertical rain shaft or a geometrically thin cloud layer. Skylight in a molecular atmosphere grades from deep blue at the zenith to pale blue near the horizon whenever the solar zenith angle phi(sun) <= 80 degrees. Skylight near the horizon is orange resulting from wave-length-dependent scattering by air molecules and aerosol particles through a long oblique path through the atmosphere when the sun is low in the sky (phi(sun) >= 85 degrees). Halos (and coronas) seen through clouds facing the sun are brightest for cloud optical depth tau(cld) approximate to cos(phi(sun)), and fade to obscurity for T-cld >= 5. Rainbows (and glories), seen by light that is backscattered from clouds, also appear most dramatic when 0.2 < tau(cld) <= 1, but remain visible even in the thickest clouds. C1 [Gedzelman, Stanley David] CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST Ctr, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10013 USA. [Vollmer, Michael] Brandenburg Univ Appl Sci, Brandenburg, Germany. RP Gedzelman, S (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, NOAA, CREST Ctr, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10013 USA. EM sgedzelman@ccny.cuny.edu NR 49 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 471 EP + DI 10.1175/BAMS-89-4-471 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 299YZ UT WOS:000255792800013 ER PT J AU Molders, N Morton, D Newby, G Stevens, E Stuefer, M AF Molders, Nicole Morton, Don Newby, Greg Stevens, Eric Stuefer, Martin TI Nowcasting and forecasting Alaskan weather SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ACID DEPOSITION MODEL; WINDS C1 [Molders, Nicole; Stuefer, Martin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Molders, Nicole] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Atmospher Sci, Atmospher Sci Program, Coll Nat Sci & Math, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Morton, Don] Univ Montana, Dept Comp Sci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Morton, Don; Newby, Greg; Stuefer, Martin] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Arctic Reg Supercomp Ctr, Fairbanks, AK USA. [Stevens, Eric] Natl Weather Serv, Fairbanks Off, Fairbanks, AK USA. RP Molders, N (reprint author), Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, 903 Kokukuk Dr, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM molders@gi.alaska.edu NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 515 EP 519 DI 10.1175/BAMS-89-4-515 PG 5 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 299YZ UT WOS:000255792800017 ER PT J AU Kumar, A Hoerling, MP AF Kumar, Arun Hoerling, Martin P. TI Climate diagnostics and predictions SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Kumar, Arun] NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Hoerling, Martin P.] Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kumar, A (reprint author), NCEP Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM arun.kumar@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 521 EP 524 DI 10.1175/BAMS.89-4-521 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 299YZ UT WOS:000255792800018 ER PT J AU Bilich, A Cassidy, JF Larson, KM AF Bilich, Andria Cassidy, John F. Larson, Kristine M. TI GPS seismology: Application to the 2002 M-w 7.9 Denali fault earthquake SO BULLETIN OF THE SEISMOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; 1-HZ GPS; CALIFORNIA; MOTION; ALASKA; DISPLACEMENTS; PARKFIELD; WAVES AB The 2002 Denali fault, Alaska, earthquake (M-w 7.9) caused one or more components of most broadband seismometers in western Canada to clip, yet did not trigger strong-motion instruments, thus leaving a substantial gap in the seismic record of this event. However, the large-amplitude surface waves generated by this event were well recorded by the Global Positioning System (GPS) in the same region, out to epicentral distances of more than 3000 km. In this article, we explore the capabilities of GPS seismology, specifically how the relative strengths of GPS and seismic data sets can be exploited in order to more effectively study earthquake source characteristics and wave-propagation effects. High-rate (1-Hz) GPS data from 23 stations throughout western North America have been analyzed to derive displacement waveforms for this event, and the impact of instrumentation (GPS receiver model) and error-reduction strategy (modified sidereal and spatial filtering) on the noise characteristics of displacement time series at each GPS site was assessed. After applying error-reduction methods to GPS displacements, the final average noise floors of 0.5 cm in the horizontal and 1.5 cm in the vertical indicate that large dynamic displacements are observable by GPS. We validate the GPS displacements by comparing broadband seismic recordings (integrated to displacement) with GPS recordings for four effectively colocated sets of instruments. We show excellent agreement between the unclipped seismic and GPS recordings of the surface waves from the Denali earthquake over the period range of 10-50 sec and for ground displacements exceeding about 1.0 cm. Thus, a large GPS displacement data set is now available for western North America, an area where records of this event were previously missing or incomplete. The final GPS seismograms are archived at Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS) for public use in future studies of the 2002 Denali earthquake. C1 [Bilich, Andria] Natl Geodet Survey, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cassidy, John F.] Geol Survey Canada, Natl Resources Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Larson, Kristine M.] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bilich, A (reprint author), Natl Geodet Survey, 325 Broadway E-GC2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Andria.Bilich@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 37 Z9 45 U1 0 U2 2 PU SEISMOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI ALBANY PA 400 EVELYN AVE, SUITE 201, ALBANY, CA 94706-1375 USA SN 0037-1106 EI 1943-3573 J9 B SEISMOL SOC AM JI Bull. Seismol. Soc. Amer. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 98 IS 2 BP 593 EP 606 DI 10.1785/0120070096 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 281VW UT WOS:000254528000006 ER PT J AU Ralston, S O'Farrell, MR AF Ralston, Stephen O'Farrell, Michael R. TI Spatial variation in fishing intensity and its effect on yield SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DENSITY-DEPENDENT GROWTH; CORAL-REEF FISH; MARINE RESERVES; POPULATION; RECRUITMENT; FISHERIES; SUSTAINABILITY; ROCKFISH; MODEL; SEA AB Fishing mortality is rarely, if ever, evenly distributed over space, yet this is a common assumption of many fisheries models. To evaluate the effect of spatial heterogeneity in fishing mortality on yield, we constructed age-structured models that allowed for differing levels of fishing in three regions within the boundaries of a stock and explored alternative assumptions about the life stage in which density-dependent compensation operates. If the fishing mortality rate (F) is not excessive (i.e., F <= F-MSY defined for the spatially homogeneous case; MSY, maximum sustainable yield), simulations demonstrated that minor to moderate spatial variation in fishing intensity does not impact sustainable yield. However, if fishing mortality is excessive (F > F-MSY), spatial variation in fishing intensity often improves yield and can actually produce yields in excess of MSY when compensation occurs after dispersal, and the density-dependent recruitment rate is a function of the local density of adults. The yield premium generated in these simulations by postdispersal density dependence is due to a low level of compensatory mortality in heavily fished areas coupled with dispersal of propagules into these areas from lightly fished adjacent regions. C1 [Ralston, Stephen; O'Farrell, Michael R.] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Ralston, S (reprint author), NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Ecol Div, 110 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM steve.ralston@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 11 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 4 BP 588 EP 599 DI 10.1139/F07-174 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285MD UT WOS:000254780000003 ER PT J AU Reichert, WL Greene, CM Bilby, RE AF Reichert, William L. Greene, Correigh M. Bilby, Robert E. TI Seasonal variations in stable isotope ratios of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) from western Washington rivers SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC SALMON; SOUTHEASTERN ALASKA; CARCASSES; NITROGEN; STREAMS; CARBON; ECOSYSTEMS; REGRESSION; NUTRIENTS; GROWTH AB Salmon carcasses provide a marine derived nutrient (MDN) subsidy to river systems, but the extent to which it affects juvenile salmon growth is unclear. To evaluate temporal and spatial nutrient contributions from watershed sources and MDNs using stable isotopes, Skagit River (Washington, USA) juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) were collected. Muscle samples were taken from fry through smolts to measure temporal changes in delta(15)N and delta(13)C. delta(15)N and delta(13)C levels declined from emergence until fall, when they approached values for resident cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) collected above anadromous barriers. Muscle delta(13)C was highly variable and did not increase subsequently. However, coho salmon delta(15)N increased during the winter. March coho salmon parr delta(15)N levels suggested high variability in carcass availability for consumption. During the next spring, delta(15)N levels again declined. In Griffin Creek, a Snoqualmie River tributary, a significant relationship between carcass density and delta(15)N and delta(13)C levels was found in March coho salmon parr. At high spawner densities, some parr delta(15)N exceeded carcass values; however, parr delta(13)C increased moderately. These findings show that stable isotope data provide insights on seasonal sources of nutrients. In addition, results indicate that March coho salmon parr delta(15)N levels would be a useful index of carcass availability for overwintering juvenile consumption. C1 [Reichert, William L.; Greene, Correigh M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Reichert, WL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM william.l.reichert@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 5 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 4 BP 681 EP 690 DI 10.1139/F07-189 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285MD UT WOS:000254780000011 ER PT J AU Tatara, CP Riley, SC Scheurer, JA AF Tatara, Christopher P. Riley, Stephen C. Scheurer, Julie A. TI Environmental enrichment in steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) hatcheries: field evaluation of aggression, foraging, and territoriality in natural and hatchery fry SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID POPULATION-DENSITY; DOMINANCE HIERARCHIES; FOOD ABUNDANCE; SALMON PARR; BROOK TROUT; BEHAVIOR; SIZE; STREAMS AB Reforms for salmonid hatcheries include production of hatchery fish with behavioral characteristics similar to wild conspecifics. Enrichment of the hatchery environment has been proposed to achieve this goal. Field experiments of steelhead (i.e., sea-run rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry from a common stock reared under natural (i.e., stream), enriched hatchery, and conventional hatchery conditions indicated no significant differences in the rates of foraging or aggression between rearing treatments. However, the rates of foraging and aggression of natural fry were significantly affected by the type of hatchery fry stocked with them. Natural steelhead fry fed at lower rates and exhibited higher rates of aggression when stocked with steelhead fry raised in enriched hatchery environments. Territory sizes of steelhead fry ranged from 0.015 to 0.801 m(2); were significantly, positively related to body length; and were not significantly different between rearing treatments. We conclude that hatchery steelhead fry released into streams establish territories that are proportional to their body length and similar in size to territories of natural steelhead fry. Our results indicate that both conventional and enriched hatchery environments produce natural social behaviors in steelhead released as fry and that fry from enriched hatchery environments may alter the foraging and aggressive behavior of natural, resident steelhead fry. C1 [Tatara, Christopher P.; Riley, Stephen C.; Scheurer, Julie A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Tatara, CP (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Stn, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM chris.p.tatara@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 4 BP 744 EP 753 DI 10.1139/F08-004 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285MD UT WOS:000254780000017 ER PT J AU Berejikian, BA Johnson, T Endicott, RS Lee-Waltermire, J AF Berejikian, Barry A. Johnson, Thom Endicott, Richard S. Lee-Waltermire, Joy TI Increases in steelhead (Oncorhynchus mykiss) redd abundance resulting from two conservation hatchery strategies in the Hamma Hamma River, Washington SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID COHO SALMON; REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; ATLANTIC SALMON; WILD STEELHEAD; POPULATION; TROUT; SUPPLEMENTATION; BEHAVIOR; PROGRAM; KISUTCH AB Conservation hatcheries for anadromous salmonids that aim to increase production and minimizing genetic, ecological, and demographic risks have not been experimentally tested for their ability to increase number of adults spawning in the natural environment. The conservation hatchery program for steelhead (i.e., sea-run rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss) evaluated in this study caused an increase in the number of redds in the supplemented Hamma Hamma River compared with the presupplementation period. Three control populations (nonsupplemented) either remained stable or declined over the same period. The increase in redds from hatchery-produced spawners did not reduce the redd production from natural-origin spawners. The strategy of rearing and releasing adult steelhead accounted for the greatest proportion of redd abundance increases. Environmentally induced differences in spawn timing between the adult release group and anadromous adults of hatchery and natural origin may explain why the adult release group and anadromous adults assortatively formed pairing combinations on the spawning grounds. Although captively reared adults produced the majority of redds in years they were released in substantial numbers, uncertainty regarding the relative reproductive success of this strategy suggests caution in recommending one strategy over the other. A demographic boost to the naturally spawning population was effected while managing to minimize negative ecological consequences. C1 [Berejikian, Barry A.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Johnson, Thom] Washington Dept Fish & Wildlife, Olympia, WA 98501 USA. [Endicott, Richard S.; Lee-Waltermire, Joy] Long Live Kings, Seattle, WA 98110 USA. RP Berejikian, BA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM barry.berejikian@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 23 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 14 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 4 BP 754 EP 764 DI 10.1139/F08-014 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285MD UT WOS:000254780000018 ER PT J AU Yoonessi, M Toghiani, H Wheeler, R Porcar, L Kline, S Pittman, CU AF Yoonessi, Mitra Toghiani, Hossein Wheeler, Robert Porcar, Lionel Kline, Steve Pittman, Charles U., Jr. TI Neutron scattering, electron microscopy and dynamic mechanical studies of carbon nanofiber/phenolic resin composites SO CARBON LA English DT Article ID SURFACE MODIFICATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; FIBERS; NANOFIBERS; PLASMA; NANOCOMPOSITES; DISPERSION; OXIDATION; FILAMENTS; BENZENE AB Carbon nanofiber (CNF)/resole phenolic resin (Hitco 134A) composites exhibited very large increases of bending storage modulus above the glass transition temperature and had higher glass transition temperatures with increasing CNF weight percentage. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) from dilute suspensions of surface-oxidized CNF in D2O exhibited a Guinier plateau in the q range examined, indicating that isolated scatterers exist. The CNF dispersion, average fiber diameter, average core diameter and polydispersity within the composites and in D2O were quantified by approximating the small angle neutron scattering data with a hollow tube model. The scattering from CNF/phenolic resin composites exhibited a q(-4) power law behavior, indicating the presence of sharp interfaces between fibers and phenolic resin. Surface-oxidized (PR-19-PS) CNF nanocomposites exhibited lower surface to volume ratio values and larger shell thickness compared with heat-treated (PR-19-HT) CNF composites. However, carbon nanofibers, with and without oxygenated surface groups, exhibited some agglomerates with fractal dimensions within the phenolic resin composites. Fiber surface treatment with nitric acid appears to promote dispersion and results in looser bundles of nested fiber networks. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Yoonessi, Mitra] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Toghiani, Hossein] Mississippi State Univ, Dave C Swalm Sch Chem Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Wheeler, Robert] Wright Patterson Air Force Res Lab, Wright Patterson AFB, OH 45433 USA. [Porcar, Lionel; Kline, Steve] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Pittman, Charles U., Jr.] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Chem, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. RP Yoonessi, M (reprint author), Univ New Hampshire, Dept Chem Engn, Durham, NH 03824 USA. EM mitra.yoonessi@unh.edu NR 32 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0008-6223 J9 CARBON JI Carbon PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 577 EP 588 DI 10.1016/j.carbon.2008.01.003 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 297PD UT WOS:000255627700002 ER PT J AU Selwood, AI van Ginkel, R Wilkins, AL Munday, R Ramsdell, JS Jensen, DJ Cooney, JM Miles, CO AF Selwood, Andrew I. van Ginkel, Roel Wilkins, Alistair L. Munday, Rex Ramsdell, John S. Jensen, Dwayne J. Cooney, Janine M. Miles, Christopher O. TI Semisynthesis of S-desoxybrevetoxin-B2 and brevetoxin-B2, and assessment of their acute toxicities SO CHEMICAL RESEARCH IN TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; FLORIDA RED TIDE; NEW-ZEALAND; AUSTROVENUS-STUTCHBURYI; CONTROLLED EXPOSURES; PTYCHODISCUS-BREVIS; GREENSHELL MUSSELS; PERNA-CANALICULUS; KARENIA-BREVIS; SHELLFISH AB Brevetoxins are neurotoxins associated with blooms of marine algae such as Karenia brevis and can accumulate in the marine food chain, causing intoxication of marine animals and people consuming seafood. Brevetoxin-B2 (5) is a toxic metabolite produced in shellfish exposed to algae that contain brevetoxin-B (1). S-Desoxybrevetoxin-B2 (4) has been proposed as a cometabolite produced during this transformation, and while LC-MS analyses suggest its presence in shellfish, it has not yet been isolated and characterized. Studies on these materials are severely constrained by the difficulty of obtaining and purifying them from natural sources. We have developed a convenient one-pot conversion of commercially available brevetoxin-B (1) into S-desoxybrevetoxin-B2 (4), and a simple method for converting 4 into brevetoxin-B2 (5). Full NMR and mass-spectral characterization of 4 and 5 confirmed their structures and showed that the ratio of diastercoisomers in the synthetic 4 and 5 was similar to that observed in. naturally contaminated shellfish. The LD50 values for 4, 5, and dihydrobrevetoxin-B (6) by ip injection in mice were 211, 400, and 250 mu g/kg, respectively. The methodology for synthesis of brevetoxin metabolites should greatly facilitate toxicological, biochemical and immunochemical studies of these substances, as well as the production of analytical standards. C1 [Munday, Rex; Miles, Christopher O.] AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Res Ctr, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Selwood, Andrew I.; van Ginkel, Roel] Cawthron Inst, Nelson, New Zealand. [Wilkins, Alistair L.] Univ Waikato, Dept Chem, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. [Jensen, Dwayne J.; Cooney, Janine M.] HortRes Ltd, Ruakura Res Ctr, Hamilton, New Zealand. [Ramsdell, John S.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29419 USA. [Miles, Christopher O.] Natl Vet Inst, NO-0033 Oslo, Norway. RP Miles, CO (reprint author), AgResearch Ltd, Ruakura Res Ctr, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand. EM chris.miles@agresearch.co.nz RI Cooney, Janine/N-5874-2016 OI Cooney, Janine/0000-0002-2547-0100 NR 22 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0893-228X J9 CHEM RES TOXICOL JI Chem. Res. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 21 IS 4 BP 944 EP 950 DI 10.1021/tx700441w PG 7 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry; Toxicology GA 291CC UT WOS:000255168900021 PM 18335998 ER PT J AU Nadal, ME Early, EA Weber, W Bousquet, R AF Nadal, Maria E. Early, Edward A. Weber, Will Bousquet, Robert TI NIST 0 : 45 reflectometer SO COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION LA English DT Article DE colorimetry; color measurements; color uncertainties; color standards AB The NIST 0:45 reflectometer measures the spectral reflectance factor at an influx angle of 0 degrees and an efflux angle of 45 degrees of colored, nonfluorescent specimens at room temperature, with widths ranging from 3 to 10 cm and heights from 3 to 20 cm and with an uncertainty of less than 0.5 in color difference units. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 [Nadal, Maria E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Early, Edward A.] AFRL HEDO, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. [Weber, Will] OptiTechure Inc, Olivebridge, NY 12461 USA. [Bousquet, Robert] Genesis Engn Solut, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Nadal, ME (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM maria.nadal@nist.gov NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0361-2317 J9 COLOR RES APPL JI Color Res. Appl. PD APR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 94 EP 99 DI 10.1002/col.20389 PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 273NF UT WOS:000253936900002 ER PT J AU Early, EA Nadal, ME AF Early, Edward A. Nadal, Maria E. TI Uncertainty analysis for the NIST 0 : 45 reflectometer SO COLOR RESEARCH AND APPLICATION LA English DT Article DE uncertainty; color standards; colorimetry AB Sets of color tiles are available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology calibrated using the NIST 0:45 Reflectometer. The uncertainties associated with the measured values for the color tiles are an indispensable component of the calibration report that accompanies these tiles. A systematic, analytical approach developed previously was applied to the particular case of the reference instrument and color tile set, taking into account the operation and characteristics of the instrument and the spectral properties of the set. The primary sources of uncertainty were identified, and the resulting un certain ties in the color space values L*, a*, and b* were determined. In general, the uncertainties are lowest for those color tiles whose reflectance factors are nearly constant with wavelength. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. C1 [Nadal, Maria E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Early, Edward A.] AFRL HEDO, Brooks City Base, TX 78235 USA. RP Nadal, ME (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8442, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM maria.nadal@nist.gov NR 6 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0361-2317 J9 COLOR RES APPL JI Color Res. Appl. PD APR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 2 BP 100 EP 107 DI 10.1002/col.20388 PG 8 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 273NF UT WOS:000253936900003 ER PT J AU Oh, CB Hamins, A Bundy, M Park, J AF Oh, C. B. Hamins, A. Bundy, M. Park, J. TI The two-dimensional structure of low strain rate counterflow nonpremixed-methane flames in normal and microgravity SO COMBUSTION THEORY AND MODELLING LA English DT Article DE flame structure; low strain rate; nonpremixed flames; microgravity; suppression ID AIR DIFFUSION FLAMES; EXTINCTION; MECHANISM AB The structure and extinction of low strain rate nonpremixed methane-air flames was studied numerically and experimentally. A time-dependent axisymmetric two-dimensional (2D) model considering buoyancy effects and radiative heat transfer,,vas developed to capture the structure and extinction limits of normal gravity (1-g) and zero gravity (0-g) flames. For comparison with the 2D modelling results, a one-dimensional (ID) flamelet computation using a previously developed numerical code was exercised to provide information on the 0-g flames. A 3-step global reaction mechanism was used in both the ID and 2D computations to predict the measured extinction limit and flame temperature. Photographic images of flames undergoing the process of extinction were compared with model calculations. The axisymmetric numerical model was validated by comparing flame shapes, temperature profiles, and extinction limits with experiments and with the I D computational results. The 2D computations yielded insight into the extinction mode and flame structure. A specific maximum beat release rate was introduced to quantify the local flame strength and to elucidate the extinction mechanism. The contribution by each term in the energy equation to the heat release rate was evaluated to investigate the multi-dimensional structure and radiative extinction of the 1-g flames. Two combustion regimes depending on the extinction mode were identified. Lateral heat loss effects and multi-dimensional flame and flow structure were also found. At low strain rates in 1-g flames ('regime A'), the flame is extinguished from the weak outer edge of the flame, which is attributed to a multi-dimensional flame structure and flow field. At high strain rates, ('regime B'), the flame extinction initiates near the flame centreline owing to an increased diluent concentration in the reaction zone, similar to the extinction mode of I D flames. These two extinction modes can be clearly explained by consideration of the specific maximum heat release rate. C1 [Hamins, A.; Bundy, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oh, C. B.] Pukyong Natl Univ, Div Safety Engn, Pusan 608739, South Korea. [Park, J.] Pukyong Natl Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Pusan 608739, South Korea. RP Hamins, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Anthony.Hamins@nist.gov OI Oh, Chang Bo/0000-0001-9030-0303 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-7830 J9 COMBUST THEOR MODEL JI Combust. Theory Model. PD APR PY 2008 VL 12 IS 2 BP 283 EP 302 DI 10.1080/13647830701642201 PG 20 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering; Mathematics GA 315OI UT WOS:000256888900005 ER PT J AU Wiley, DN Moller, JC Pace, RM Carlson, C AF Wiley, David N. Moller, Just C. Pace, Richard M., III Carlson, Carole TI Effectiveness of voluntary conservation agreements: Case study of endangered whales and commercial whale watching SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE boat speed limits; conservation guidelines; endangered whales; marine protected area; ship strike; voluntary conservation agreement; whale watching ID ORCINUS-ORCA; DISTURBANCE; PROTECTION; CANADA; IMPACT; BOATS AB The use of voluntary approaches to achieve conservation goals is becoming increasingly popular. Nevertheless, few researchers have quantitatively evaluated their efficacy. In 1998 industry, government agencies, and nongovernmental organizations established a voluntary conservation program for whale watching in the northeast region of the United States, with the intent to avoid collisions with and harassment of endangered whales by commercial and recreational whale-watching vessels. One important aspect of the program was the establishment of 3 speed zones within specific distances of whales. We wanted to determine the level of compliance with this aspect of the program to gauge its efficacy and gain insights into the effectiveness of voluntary measures as a conservation tool. Inconspicuous observers accompanied 46 commercial whale-watching trips from 12 companies in 2003 (n = 35) and 2004 (n = 11). During each trip, vessel position and speed were collected at 5-second intervals with a GPS receiver. Binoculars with internal laser rangefinders and digital compasses were used to record range and bearing to sighted whales. We mapped whale locations with ArcGIS. We created speed-zone buffers around sighted whales and overlaid them with vessel-track and speed data to evaluate compliance. Speeds in excess of those recommended by the program were considered noncompliant. We judged the magnitude of noncompliance by comparing a vessel's maximum speed within a zone to its maximum recorded trip speed. The level of noncompliance was high (mean 0. 78; company range 0.74-0.88), some companies were more compliant than others (p = 0. 02), noncompliance was significantly higher in zonesfartherfrom whales (p < 0.001), and operators approached the maximum speed capabilities of their vessel in all zones. The voluntary conservation program did not achieve the goal of substantially limiting vessel speed near whales. Our results support the need for conservation programs to have quantifiable metrics and frequent evaluation to ensure efficacy. C1 [Wiley, David N.; Moller, Just C.] Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. [Pace, Richard M., III] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Carlson, Carole] Int Fund Anim Welf, Yarmouth Port, MA 02675 USA. RP Wiley, DN (reprint author), Stellwagen Bank Natl Marine Sanctuary, Natl Marine Sanctuary Program, 175 Edward Foster Rd, Scituate, MA 02066 USA. EM david.wiley@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 27 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 36 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 450 EP 457 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00897.x PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 285SP UT WOS:000254796800027 PM 18402585 ER PT J AU Wang, L Gaigalas, AK Marti, G Abbasi, F Hoffman, RA AF Wang, Lili Gaigalas, Adolfas K. Marti, Gerald Abbasi, Fatima Hoffman, Robert A. TI Toward quantitative fluorescence measurements with multicolor flow cytometry SO CYTOMETRY PART A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 24th International Congress of the International-Society-for-Analytical-Cytology CY MAY 17-21, 2008 CL Budapest, HUNGARY SP Int Soc Analyt Cytol DE multicolor cytometry; calibration; quantitation; biological standard ID CHRONIC LYMPHOCYTIC-LEUKEMIA; ZAP-70 EXPRESSION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HIV-1 INFECTION; CD4 EXPRESSION; T-LYMPHOCYTES; RESOLUTION; CELLS; ALLOPHYCOCYANIN; DENSITY AB A procedure is presented for calibrating the output of a multicolor flow cytometer in units of antibodies bound per cell (ABC). The procedure involves two steps. First, each of the fluorescence channels of the flow cytometer is calibrated using Ultra Rainbow beads with assigned values of equivalent number of reference fluorophores (ERF). The objective of this step is to establish a linear relation between the fluorescence signal in a given fluorescence channel of multicolor flow cytometers and the value of ERF. The second step involves a biological standard such as a lymphocyte with a known number of antibody binding sites (e.g., CD4 binding sites). The biological standard is incubated with antibodies labeled with one type of fluorophores for a particular fluorescence channel and serves to translate the ERF scale to an ABC scale. A significant part of the two-step calibration procedure involves the assignment of ERF values to the different Opulations of Ultra Rainbow beads. The assignment of ERF values quantifies the relative amount of embedded fluorophore mixture in each bead population. It is crucial to insure that the fluorescence signal in a given range of fluorescence emission wavelengths is related linearly to the assigned values of ERF. The biological standard has to posses a known number of binding sites for a given antibody. In addition, this antibody has to be amenable to labeling with different types of fluorophores associated with various fluorescence channels. The present work suggests that all of the requirements for a successful calibration of a multicolor flow cytometer in terms of ABC values can be fulfilled. The calibration procedure is based on firm scientific foundations so that it is easy to envision future improvements in accuracy and case of implementation. Published 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. US FDA, Ctr Biol Evaluat & Res, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. BD Biosci, San Jose, CA 95131 USA. RP Wang, L (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bureau Dr,Stop 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lili.wang@nist.gov NR 19 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4922 J9 CYTOM PART A JI Cytom. Part A PD APR PY 2008 VL 73A IS 4 BP 279 EP 288 DI 10.1002/cyto.a.20507 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Cell Biology GA 284IB UT WOS:000254699000003 PM 18163471 ER PT J AU Southwell, C Paxton, CGM Borchers, D Boveng, P Rogers, T de la Mare, WK AF Southwell, Colin Paxton, Charles G. M. Borchers, David Boveng, Peter Rogers, Tracey de la Mare, William K. TI Uncommon or cryptic? Challenges in estimating leopard seal abundance by conventional but state-of-the-art methods SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE abundance; distribution; East Antarctica; haul-out; model-based inference; leopard seal; pack-ice ID HYDRURGA-LEPTONYX; LOBODON-CARCINOPHAGUS; WINTER DISPERSAL; EAST ANTARCTICA; PRYDZ BAY; PACK-ICE; BEHAVIOR AB The method traditionally used to estimate pack-ice seal abundance employs sighting surveys from ships or ail-craft to estimate the number of seals hauled out oil the ice, combined with studies of haul-out behaviour to estimate the proportion of time spent on the ice. Application of this approach has been improved in recent times by developments in survey methodology and satellite technology that theoretically allow biases in the estimation of hauled-out abundance and haul-out behaviour to be accounted for that previously could not be addressed. A survey using these conventional but state-of-the-art methods was undertaken in the summer of 1999/2000 off east Antarctica between longitudes 64 degrees E and 150 degrees E to estimate the abundance of leopard (Hydrurga leptonyx) and other pack-ice seal species. Because they are either uncommon or very cryptic, very few leopard seals were encountered despite a large survey effort. This presented challenges in both application of the methods and analysis of the data. Abundance estimates were derived using a number of plausible predictive models. The model considered as the most reliable returned best estimates of 7300 and 12,100 for definite and definite plus probable leopard seal sightings, respectively, with 95%, confidence intervals of 3700-14,500 and 7100-23,400. These estimates are likely to be negatively biased and should be treated as minimum estimates only. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Southwell, Colin; de la Mare, William K.] Australian Antarctic Div, Dept Environm Water Heritage & Arts, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Paxton, Charles G. M.; Borchers, David] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Boveng, Peter] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rogers, Tracey] Univ Sydney, Australian Marine Mammal Res Ctr, Mosman, NSW 2088, Australia. [de la Mare, William K.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Cleveland Labs, Cleveland, Qld 4163, Australia. RP Southwell, C (reprint author), Australian Antarctic Div, Dept Environm Water Heritage & Arts, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. EM colin.southwell@aad.gov.au RI Rogers, Tracey/C-3419-2008; OI Paxton, Charles/0000-0002-9350-3197; Rogers, Tracey/0000-0002-7141-4177 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 6 U2 26 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 EI 1879-0119 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD APR PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 519 EP 531 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.01.005 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 299CV UT WOS:000255734300010 ER PT J AU Shen, CM Liu, KB Morrill, C Overpeck, JT Peng, JL Tang, LY AF Shen, Caiming Liu, Kam-Biu Morrill, Carrie Overpeck, Jonathan T. Peng, Jinlan Tang, Lingyu TI Ecotone shift and major droughts during the mid-late holocene in the central Tibetan Plateau SO ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE ecotone; Holocene; lake; meadow; monsoon; pollen; precipitation; steppe; Tibetan Plateau ID ICE CORE RECORDS; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; SUMMER MONSOON; INDIAN MONSOON; ABRUPT CHANGES; WESTERN TIBET; SUMXI CO; YR BP; POLLEN; VARIABILITY AB A well-dated pollen record from a large lake located on the meadow-steppe ecotone provides a history of ecotone shift in response to monsoonal climate changes over the last 6000 years in the central Tibetan Plateau. The pollen record indicates that the ecotone shifted eastward during 6000-4900, 4400-3900, and 2800-1600 cal. yr BP when steppes occupied this region, whereas it shifted westward during the other intervals when the steppes were replaced by meadows. The quantitative reconstruction of paleoclimate derived from the pollen record shows that monsoon precipitation fluctuated around the present level over the last 6000 years in the central Tibetan Plateau. Three major drought episodes of 5600-4900, 4400-3900, and 2800-2400 cal. yr BP are detected by pollen signals and lake sediments. Comparison of our record with other climatic proxy data from the Tibetan Plateau and other monsoonal regions shows that these episodes are three major centennial-scale monsoon weakening events. C1 [Shen, Caiming] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. [Shen, Caiming; Liu, Kam-Biu] Louisiana State Univ, Sch Coast & Environm, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Shen, Caiming; Peng, Jinlan] Acad Sinica, Nanjing Inst Geol & Paleontol, Nanjing 210008, Peoples R China. [Morrill, Carrie] Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Morrill, Carrie] NOAA, Paleoclimatol Program, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Inst Study Planet Earth, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Overpeck, Jonathan T.] Univ Arizona, Dept Geosci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Shen, CM (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12203 USA. EM cshen@climate.cestm.albany.edu RI Liu, Kam-biu/B-4966-2012; Shen, Caiming/F-5687-2012; OI Liu, Kam-biu/0000-0002-0038-2198; Shen, Caiming/0000-0002-8126-8775; Morrill, Carrie/0000-0002-1635-5469 NR 56 TC 31 Z9 44 U1 4 U2 25 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0012-9658 J9 ECOLOGY JI Ecology PD APR PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1079 EP 1088 DI 10.1890/06-2016.1 PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 296XW UT WOS:000255580200022 PM 18481532 ER PT J AU Peck, AM Pugh, RS Moors, A Ellisor, MB Porter, BJ Becker, PR Kucklick, JR AF Peck, Aaron M. Pugh, Rebecca S. Moors, Amanda Ellisor, Michael B. Porter, Barbara J. Becker, Paul R. Kucklick, John R. TI Hexabromocyclododecane in white-sided dolphins: Temporal trend and stereoisomer distribution in tissues SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; NORTHWATER POLYNYA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HARBOR PORPOISES; SCHELDT ESTUARY; LABORATORY RAT; HCH ISOMERS; CINCA RIVER; BALTIC SEA AB Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is a brominated flame retardant used primarily in expanded polystyrene foams and other styrene resins. Samples of blubber (n = 57) and liver (n = 16) from Atlantic white-sided dolphins, Lagenorhynchus acutus, that stranded on the eastern coast of United States between 1993 and 2004 were obtained from the National Marine Mammal Tissue Bank (NMMTB). Blubber samples from most of these animals (n = 47) were previously analyzed for polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), and several toxaphene congeners. The three most abundant diastereomers in the technical HBCD mixture (alpha-HBCD, beta-HBCD, and gamma-HBCD) and their enantiomers were determined using liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). alpha-HBCD was found in all blubber and liver samples while beta-HBCD and gamma-HBCD were not detected in any samples. The alpha-HBCD concentration in blubber and liver ranged from 14 ng/g wet mass (19 ng/g lipid) to 280 ng/g wet mass (380 ng/g lipid) and 0.051 ng/g wet mass (2.9 ng/g lipid) to 3.6 ng/g wet mass (140 ng/g lipid), respectively. Concentrations of alpha-HBCD were 2 to 3 orders of magnitude lower than previously reported PBDE, PCB, and toxaphene concentrations in these same animals. There was not a significant temporal trend for these compounds in white-sided dolphin blubber. The enantiomeric fractions (EF) measured in blubber and liver were not statistically different and ranged from 0.34 to 0.53. Blubber El's were significantly correlated with both alpha-HBCD concentrations and white-sided dolphin body length. In general, concentrations of HBCDs were lower in these white-sided dolphins than in cetaceans from Western Europe. C1 [Peck, Aaron M.; Pugh, Rebecca S.; Moors, Amanda; Ellisor, Michael B.; Becker, Paul R.; Kucklick, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Porter, Barbara J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Peck, AM (reprint author), Skidaway Inst Oceanog, 10 Ocean Sci Circle, Savannah, GA 31411 USA. EM aaron.peck@skio.usg.edu NR 42 TC 44 Z9 47 U1 4 U2 28 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 7 BP 2650 EP 2655 DI 10.1021/es072052v PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 281JN UT WOS:000254492800071 PM 18505011 ER PT J AU Key, PB Hoguet, J Reed, LA Chung, KW Fulton, MH AF Key, Peter B. Hoguet, Jennifer Reed, Lou Ann Chung, Katy W. Fulton, Michael H. TI Effects of the statin antihyperlipidemic agent simvastatin on grass shrimp, Palaemonetes pugio SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE simvastatin; grass shrimp; biomarker; pharmaceutical ID ENVIRONMENT; MANAGEMENT; LETHAL AB This study investigated lethal effects (i.e., survival) and sublethal effects (glutathione, GSH; lipid peroxidation, LPx; cholesterol, CHL; and acetylcholinesterase, AChE) of the antihyperlipidemic drug simvastatin on larval and adult grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio). The 96-h LC50 test for larvae resulted in an estimated LC50 of 1.18 mg/L (95% confidence interval 0.98-1.42 mg/L). The adult 96-h LC50 was > 10.0 mg/L. GSH and AChE levels for both the larvae and the adults were not significantly affected by simvastatin exposure. LPx levels in the larvae were significantly higher than controls in the lowest and the highest simvastatin exposures. In adult grass shrimp, LPx levels were highest in the three lowest simvastatin exposures. CHL levels were significantly reduced in larvae at the highest simvastatin exposure level of 1 mg/L while adult CHL was not affected. Both lethal and sublethal effects associated with simvastatin exposure were only observed at concentrations well above those reported in the environment. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Key, Peter B.; Hoguet, Jennifer; Reed, Lou Ann; Chung, Katy W.; Fulton, Michael H.] Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Key, PB (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM pete.key@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1520-4081 EI 1522-7278 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1002/tox.20318 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 281KI UT WOS:000254495400002 PM 18214920 ER PT J AU DeLorenzo, ME Keller, JM Arthur, CD Finnegan, MC Harper, HE Winder, VL Zdankiewicz, DL AF DeLorenzo, M. E. Keller, J. M. Arthur, C. D. Finnegan, M. C. Harper, H. E. Winder, V. L. Zdankiewicz, D. L. TI Toxicity of the antimicrobial compound triclosan and formation of the metabolite methyl-triclosan in estuarine systems SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE triclosan; methyl-triclosan; marine; toxicity; bioaccumulation; sediment; shrimp; phytoplankton; bacteria; monitoring ID SHRIMP PALAEMONETES PUGIO; 3 LIFE STAGES; PERSONAL CARE PRODUCTS; WATER TREATMENT PLANTS; WIDELY USED BIOCIDE; GRASS SHRIMP; WASTE-WATER; SURFACE WATERS; BACTERICIDE TRICLOSAN; AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT AB Triclosan, a commonly used antimicrobial compound, has been measured in aquatic systems worldwide. This study exposed marine species to triclosan to examine effects primarily on survival and to investigate the formation of the degradation product, methyl-triclosan, in the estuarine environment. Acute toxicity was assessed using the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the phytoplankton species Dunaliella tertiolecta, and three life stages of the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio. P. pugio larvae were more sensitive to triclosan than adult shrimp or embryos. Acute aqueous toxicity values (96 h LC50) were 305 mu g/L for adult shrimp, 154 mu g/L for larvae, and 651 mu g/L for embryos. The presence of sediment decreased triclosan toxicity in adult shrimp (24 h LC50S were 620 mu g/L with sediment, and 482 mu g/L without sediment). The bacterium was more sensitive to triclosan than the grass shrimp, with a 15 min aqueous IC50 value of 53 mu g/L and a 15 min spiked sediment IC50 value of 616 mu g/kg. The phytoplankton species was the most sensitive species tested, with a 96 h EC50 value of 3.55 mu g/L. Adult grass shrimp were found to accumulate methyl-triclosan after a 14-day exposure to 100 mu g/L triclosan, indicating formation of this metabolite in a seawater environment and its potential to bioaccumulate in higher organisms. Triclosan was detected in limited surface water sampling of Charleston Harbor, SC at a maximum concentration of 0.001 mu g/L, substantially lower than the determined toxicity values. These findings suggest triclosan poses low acute toxicity risk to estuarine organisms; however, the potential for chronic, sublethal, and metabolite effects should be investigated. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [DeLorenzo, M. E.] Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Keller, J. M.] Hollings Marine Lab, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [DeLorenzo, M. E.; Keller, J. M.; Arthur, C. D.; Finnegan, M. C.; Harper, H. E.; Winder, V. L.; Zdankiewicz, D. L.] Coll Charleston, Grad Program Marine Biol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP DeLorenzo, ME (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM marie.delorenzo@noaa.gov RI Keller, Jennifer/C-5006-2008 NR 35 TC 61 Z9 65 U1 15 U2 69 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 2 BP 224 EP 232 DI 10.1002/tox.20327 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 281KI UT WOS:000254495400010 PM 18214910 ER PT J AU Meador, JP Buzitis, J Bravo, CF AF Meador, James P. Buzitis, Jon Bravo, Claudia F. TI Using fluorescent aromatic compounds in bile from juvenile salmonids to predict exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; biliary metabolites; fluorescent aromatic compounds; predicted dose; salmon ID VALDEZ OIL-SPILL; DIETARY EXPOSURE; CHINOOK SALMON; ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; RISK-ASSESSMENT; FISH; TROUT; BIOACCUMULATION; METABOLITES AB We provide data from four different studies in which fish were fed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that were used to develop a predictive relationship between dose (mu g/g fish/d) and metabolites of PAHs in bile. Juvenile salmonids were fed various doses of total PAH that were applied as a mixture to fish pellets. The number of PAHs in each mixture ranged from 10 to 21 different low- and high-molecular-weight compounds, and their relative proportions and abundance were based on stomach concentrations observed for field-collected fish. Although we examined both the phenanthrene (PHN) and benzo[a]pyrene signals for the fluorescent aromatic compounds (FACs) in bile, the PHN signal exhibited the highest correlation and was considered to be the better choice for predicting exposure. A large database of PHN FAC values for field-collected fish was examined and used to predict dose by the method of inverse prediction. The goal of the present study was to develop a predictive relationship that would allow estimation of an exposure dose for an observed value of PHN FACs from juvenile salmonids sampled in the field. This dose would then be used to estimate adverse effects based on toxicity results from laboratory studies. Additional analyses were performed to determine ventilation doses from water concentrations of total PAH and then relate those to PHN FAC values. C1 [Meador, James P.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Environm Conservat Div, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Buzitis, Jon] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Assessment Program,Environm Conservat Di, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Bravo, Claudia F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Meador, JP (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr,Environm Conservat Div, Ecotoxicol & Environm Fish Hlth Program, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM james.meador@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 18 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0730-7268 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL CHEM JI Environ. Toxicol. Chem. PD APR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 845 EP 853 DI 10.1897/07-434.1 PG 9 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology GA 273RX UT WOS:000253950500011 PM 18333694 ER PT J AU Hall, NS Litaker, RW Fensin, E Adolf, JE Bowers, HA Place, AR Paerl, HW AF Hall, Nathan S. Litaker, R. Wayne Fensin, Elizabeth Adolf, Jason E. Bowers, Holly A. Place, Allen R. Paerl, Hans W. TI Environmental factors contributing to the development and demise of a toxic dinoflagellate (Karlodinium veneficum) bloom in a shallow, eutrophic, lagoonal estuary SO ESTUARIES AND COASTS LA English DT Article DE harmful algal bloom; dinoflagellate; Karlodinium veneficum; toxin; fish kill ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; NEUSE RIVER ESTUARY; RED-TIDE DINOFLAGELLATE; NORTH-CAROLINA; CHESAPEAKE-BAY; GYMNODINIUM-GALATHEANUM; GYRODINIUM-GALATHEANUM; MICRUM DINOPHYCEAE; GROWTH; PHYTOPLANKTON AB A dense bloom of the ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum was discovered in the Neuse River Estuary, North Carolina, on 19 October 2006 and was associated with four subsequent fish kills. Microscopic, photopigment, DNA, and toxicological techniques confirmed bloom identity and toxicity. High-resolution spatio-temporal data from ship-board and fixed automated sampling stations provided a unique opportunity to investigate the environmental conditions that initiated, maintained, and terminated the K. veneficum bloom. Bloom initiation and growth were favored by high nutrient availability and reduced dispersal during the period of declining riverine discharge after Tropical Storm Ernesto. K. veneficum out-competed other co-occurring dinoflagellates, perhaps because of the production of karlotoxins that are known to act as grazing deterrents and to facilitate mixotrophic feeding. Once the bloom was established, small-scale hydrodynamic processes, coupled with vertical migration, concentrated cells along a frontal convergence to high densities (> 200,000 cells per milliliter). By 26 October 2006, wind mixing and possible nutrient stress disrupted the bloom. Release of cell-bound toxins during the bloom collapse likely accounted for the associated fish kill events where fish were reported as exhibiting typical symptoms of karlotoxin poisoning. The dynamics of this bloom underscore the tight control of harmful algal blooms by meteorological forcing, hydrology, and sediment nutrient input in this shallow lagoonal estuary. C1 [Hall, Nathan S.; Paerl, Hans W.] Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Litaker, R. Wayne] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Fensin, Elizabeth] N Carolina Div Water Qual, Environm Sci Sect, Raleigh, NC 27699 USA. [Adolf, Jason E.; Bowers, Holly A.; Place, Allen R.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Marine Biotechnol, Inst Biotechnol, Baltimore, MD 21202 USA. RP Hall, NS (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Inst Marine Sci, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM nshall@email.unc.edu; wayne.litaker@noaa.gov; elizabeth.fensin@ncmail.net; adolf@umbi.umd.edu; bowers@umbi.umd.edu; place@umbi.umd.edu; hpaerl@email.unc.edu RI Place, Allen/F-9267-2013 NR 56 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1559-2723 J9 ESTUAR COAST JI Estuaries Coasts PD APR PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 402 EP 418 DI 10.1007/s12237-008-9035-x PG 17 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 270CC UT WOS:000253696500015 ER PT J AU Edwards, EF AF Edwards, Elizabeth F. TI Life or death in the fast lane: dolphin mother-calf separation during tuna purse-seine sets SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Edwards, Elizabeth F.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467807610 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Noren, DP AF Noren, Shawn Ranee Noren, Dawn Page TI DEVELOPMENT OF MUSCLE DIVING PHYSIOLOGY IN MARINE MAMMALS SO FASEB JOURNAL LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Noren, Shawn Ranee] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Noren, Dawn Page] NOAA NMFS NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Marine Mammal Program, Seattle, WA USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 10 PU FEDERATION AMER SOC EXP BIOL PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0892-6638 J9 FASEB J JI Faseb J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 PG 1 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology; Cell Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Cell Biology GA V25GZ UT WOS:000208467807715 ER PT J AU Bryant, RA Mulholland, GW AF Bryant, Rodney A. Mulholland, George W. TI A guide to characterizing heat release rate measurement uncertainty for full-scale fire tests SO FIRE AND MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE heat release rate; measurement uncertainty; oxygen consumption calorimetry; fire testing ID OXYGEN-CONSUMPTION AB Accurate heat release rate measurements provide essential information to defining the fire safety characteristics of products. The size, complexity, and cost of full-scale fire tests make achieving accurate and quantitative results a serious challenge. A detailed uncertainty analysis of a large-scale heat release rate measurement facility is presented as a guide to the process of estimating the uncertainty of similar facilities. Quantitative heat release rate measurements of full-scale fires up to 2.7MW were conducted using the principle of oxygen consumption calorimetry. Uncertainty estimates were also computed for the heat input measurements from a well-controlled natural gas burner. The measurements of heat input and heat release rate were performed independently, and the discrepancy between the two was well within the uncertainty limits. The propagation of uncertainty was performed at the level of voltage and temperature measurements, which avoided using mutually dependent measurement parameters. Reasons for the significant contribution to the combined uncertainty from the oxygen concentration and exhaust flow measurements are demonstrated. Also presented is a first-order effort to account for the uncertainty due to factors in full-scale fire tests such as operator error and environmental influences that are not modeled by the heat release rate equation. Published in 2008 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Bryant, Rodney A.; Mulholland, George W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bryant, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rbryant@nist.gov NR 14 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0308-0501 J9 FIRE MATER JI Fire Mater. PD APR-MAY PY 2008 VL 32 IS 3 BP 121 EP 139 DI 10.1002/fam.959 PG 19 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 290WY UT WOS:000255155000001 ER PT J AU Hamins, A Johnsson, E Donnelly, N Maranghides, A AF Hamins, Anthony Johnsson, Erik Donnelly, Nlichelle Maranghides, Alexander TI Energy balance in a large compartment fire SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE compartment fire; energy balance; fire experiments; model validation AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) are collaborating to assess and validate fire computer codes for nuclear power plant applications. This evaluation is being conducted through a series of benchmarking and validation exercises. The goal of the present study was to provide data from a large-scale fire test of a simulated nuclear power plant cable room. The experiments consisted of a hydrocarbon spray fire with a I MW heat release rate, burning in a single compartment 7 in wide, 22 in long, and 4 in high. Measurements included the vertical temperature profiles, heat flux to the compartment surfaces, the velocity and temperature at the compartment doorway, and the total heat release rate. From these measurements, an energy balance was considered, in which it was determined that nearly 74% of the fire's energy went to heat compartment surfaces, 22% escaped through the doorway, and 4% heated gases in the compartment. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hamins, Anthony; Johnsson, Erik; Donnelly, Nlichelle; Maranghides, Alexander] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hamins, A (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8663, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anthony.bamins@nist.gov NR 11 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3 BP 180 EP 188 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.08.002 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 296WX UT WOS:000255577600002 ER PT J AU Manzello, SL Cleary, TG Shields, JR Maranghides, A Mell, W Yang, JC AF Manzello, Samuel L. Cleary, Thomas G. Shields, John R. Maranghides, Alexander Mell, William Yang, Jiann C. TI Experimental investigation of firebrands: Generation and ignition of fuel beds SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE firebrands; WUI fires; ignition; fuel beds AB A series of real scale fire experiments were performed to determine the size and mass distribution of firebrands generated from Douglas Fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) trees. The results of the real scale fire experiments were used to determine firebrand sizes to perform reduced scale ignition studies of fuel beds in contact with burning firebrands. The firebrand ignition apparatus allowed for the ignition and deposition of both single and multiple firebrands onto the target fuel bed. The moisture content of the fuel beds used was varied and the fuels considered were pine needle beds, shredded paper beds, and shredded hardwood mulch. Firebrands were constructed by machining wood (Douglas Fir) into small cylinders of uniform geometry and the size of the cylinders was varied. The firebrand ignition apparatus was installed into the Fire Emulator/Detector Evaluator (FE/DE) to investigate the influence of an air flow on the ignition propensity of fuel beds. Results of this study are presented and compared to relevant studies in the literature. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.; Cleary, Thomas G.; Shields, John R.; Maranghides, Alexander; Mell, William; Yang, Jiann C.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuelm@nist.gov NR 21 TC 30 Z9 31 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3 BP 226 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2006.06.010 PG 8 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 296WX UT WOS:000255577600005 ER PT J AU Croce, PA Grosshandler, WL Bukowski, RW Gritzo, LA AF Croce, Paul A. Grosshandler, William L. Bukowski, Richard W. Gritzo, Louis A. TI The International FORUM of Fire Research Directors - A position paper on performance-based design for fire code applications SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE performance-based design; building and fire codes; fire research AB The International FORUM of Fire Research Directors (FORUM) periodically takes a position on a technical issue of international significance confronting the fire safety research community. The position of the FORUM on performance-based regulations, codes and design for fire safety applications, and the rationale leading to it, is described in this paper. Aspects addressed include current capabilities and challenges associated with the application of performance-based design, and possible enhancements (obtained through a coordinated and sustained global effort of research) in next generation tools leading to more certain predictions of the effects on performance of changes in building materials, active and passive fire protection systems, compartmentation, and egress systems; the structural response of a building to large fires including those leading to full building burnout; the impact of fire on neighboring buildings and infrastructure; and the uncertainty in deterministic predictions for incorporation into reliable probabilistic calculations of hazard and risk. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Grosshandler, William L.; Bukowski, Richard W.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Croce, Paul A.; Gritzo, Louis A.] FM Global, Norwood, MA 02062 USA. RP Grosshandler, WL (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.grosshandler@nist.gov NR 9 TC 9 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD APR PY 2008 VL 43 IS 3 BP 234 EP 236 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.12.004 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 296WX UT WOS:000255577600006 ER PT J AU Gunderson, DR Parma, AM Hilborn, R Cope, JM Fluharty, DL Miller, ML Vetter, RD Heppell, SS Greene, HG AF Gunderson, Donald R. Parma, Ana M. Hilborn, Ray Cope, Jason M. Fluharty, David L. Miller, Marc L. Vetter, Russell D. Heppell, Selina S. Greene, H. Gary TI The challenge of managing nearshore rocky reef resources SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Managing Temperate Reef Resources CY JUN 07-08, 2007 CL Seattle, WA ID GENETIC-STRUCTURE; LARVAL DISPERSAL; FISHERIES; MANAGEMENT; ROCKFISH AB Nearshore temperate reefs are highly diverse and productive habitats that provide structure and shelter for a wide variety of fishes and invertebrates. Recreational and commercial fisheries depend on nearshore reefs, which also provide opportunities for non-extractive recreational activities such as diving. Many inhabitants of nearshore temperate reefs on the west coast of North America have very limited home ranges as adults, and recent genetic evidence indicates that the dispersion of the larval stages is, often restricted to tens of kilometers. Management of temperate reef resources must be organized on very small spatial scales in order to be effective, offering unique technical challenges in terms of assessment and monitoring. New enabling legislation could assist in specifying mandates and adjusting institutional design to allow stakeholders and concerned citizens to formulate management policies at local levels, and to aid in implementing and enforcing these policies. C1 [Gunderson, Donald R.; Hilborn, Ray; Cope, Jason M.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Parma, Ana M.] Consejo Nacl Invest Cient & Tecn, Argentine Natl Council Sci & Tech Res, Natl Patagon Ctr, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina. [Fluharty, David L.] Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Vetter, Russell D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Fish Ecol Grp, SW Fishery Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92038 USA. [Heppell, Selina S.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Greene, H. Gary] Ctr Habitat Studies, Moss Landing Marine Labs, Orcas Isl, WA USA. [Greene, H. Gary] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Monterey, CA USA. [Greene, H. Gary] Tombolo Inst, Orcas Isl, WA USA. RP Gunderson, DR (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dgun@u.washington.edu RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013 NR 24 TC 22 Z9 23 U1 5 U2 19 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0363-2415 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD APR PY 2008 VL 33 IS 4 BP 172 EP 179 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-33.4.172 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 301MB UT WOS:000255899200006 ER PT J AU Ryer, CH AF Ryer, Clifford H. TI A review of flatfish behavior relative to trawls SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Review DE flatfish; bycatch; herding; trawl; fish behavior; counter herding ID JUVENILE WALLEYE POLLOCK; COD GADUS-MORHUA; US WEST-COAST; PLEURONECTES-PLATESSA; CAPTURE EFFICIENCY; DIEL VARIATION; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SWIMMING ENDURANCE; BRIDLE EFFICIENCY; LIGHT-INTENSITY AB Trawls harness the innate avoidance behavior of fish to affect their capture. As such, effective bycatch reduction relies, in part, upon knowledge of behavioral differences between target and non-target species. The behavior of flatfish during herding, net entry and passage through trawls differs substantially from that of many roundfish. These differences result from the unique body morphology of flatfish and the constraints this morphology places upon their natural predator avoidance and evasion tactics. Paramount, in this regard, is the intimate association between flatfish and the seafloor. Flatfish utilize a detection minimization strategy that combines burial, highly evolved cryptic capabilities and low activity. Additionally, the maximum sustained swimming speeds and endurance of flatfishes are low compared to most roundfish. As a result, flatfish typically respond to trawl ground-gear at shorter distances, remain closer to the seafloor during herding and herd in the net mouth for a shorter time, prior to net entry, than roundfish. As is the case for roundfish species, light and temperature influence flatfish reactivity and herding behavior. At low ambient light levels herding behavior in flatfish breaks down, as fish initially respond to ground-gear by rising off the bottom, which removes them from the ground-gear's zone of influence. Similarly, at low temperatures some flatfish display reduced herding. Differences in behavior between flatfish and roundfish have spurred development of selective flatfish trawls, with low rise head ropes and/or open or large mesh intermediates that allow rising roundfish to exit the net opening, while flatfish remain close to the net floor, passing into the net and back to the codend. Lastly, a conceptual design for a counter-herding device is presented, which takes advantage of the longer reactive distances of roundfish, and their tendency to herd farther of the seafloor, thereby allowing them to be herded out of the path of the net, while not influencing the normal inward herding of flatfish. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Ryer, CH (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,NOAA Fisheries, 2030 Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM cliff.ryer@noaa.gov NR 105 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 2 U2 20 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 90 IS 1-3 BP 138 EP 146 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.10.005 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 292LG UT WOS:000255266900017 ER PT J AU Robillard, E Reiss, CS Jones, CM AF Robillard, Eric Reiss, Christian S. Jones, Cynthia M. TI Reproductive biology of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) along the East Coast of the United States SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE reproduction; histology; bluefish; fecundity ID MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; THE-YEAR BLUEFISH; NEW-YORK BIGHT; SPAWNING SEASON; CHESAPEAKE BAY; GROWTH; RECRUITMENT; LARVAL; YOUNG; AGE AB The reproductive biology of bluefish (Pomatomus saltatrix) along the U.S. East Coast is examined from a collection 1437 females sampled from nearshore to the continental slope and from Florida to New York over a period of 3 years (2001-2003). In most years concurrent sampling along the coast was conducted over spring and summer months to resolve the initiation of spawning. We examined the spawning location, pattern and timing, and calculated the fecundity of fish from 600 to 840mm in length. Based on macro- and microscopic analysis of female gonads, bluefish are multiple spawners with indeterminate fecundity. The presence of all stages of development in fully mature ovaries further indicates that bluefish have asynchronous oocyte development. Mean age at first maturity for female bluefish was similar to 1.90 years and 480 mm total length. Mean batch fecundity was 402,247 eggs and ranged from 114,5 13 to 920,746 eggs, depending on age and weight. Direct observation of gonads showed imminent spawning in Florida and North Carolina during March to April, and from April to August from Virginia to New York. Given the progression of oocyte development over the range of space and time we sampled, we suggest that bluefish exhibit continuous spawning during their migration from the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) to Middle Atlantic Bight (MAB). (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Robillard, Eric; Jones, Cynthia M.] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Quantitat Fisheries Ecol, Dept Ocean Earth & Atmospher Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Reiss, Christian S.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Robillard, E (reprint author), Georgia Dept Nat Resources, Coastal Resources Div, 1 Conservat Way, Brunswick, GA 31520 USA. EM Eric.Robillard@dnr.state.ga.us NR 36 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 6 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 90 IS 1-3 BP 198 EP 208 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.10.020 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 292LG UT WOS:000255266900023 ER PT J AU Dougherty, AB AF Dougherty, A. B. TI Daily and sub-daily otolith increments of larval and juvenile walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma (Pallas), as validated by alizarin complexone experiments SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE walleye pollock; otolith microstructure; increment validation ID DAILY GROWTH INCREMENTS; AGE; TROUT AB Walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) were reared from eggs to the juvenile life stage to study daily increment formation in the sagittae otoliths, which are routinely used for age and growth analyses. The apparent deposition of sub-daily growth increments becomes problematic for determining fish age from the late larval stage throughout the juvenile (young-of-the-year) development stage. Otolith marking experiments were conducted to determine interpretation criteria to differentiate between daily and sub-daily increments. Immersion of larval and transforming walleye pollock in 25 mg/l of alizarin complexone (ALC) for 6 h once a week produced a fluorescent mark on the day of staining. Evidence of six well defined and equally spaced increments counted between the weekly ALC marks validated the deposition of daily increments. The daily increments gradually increased in width as the fish/otolith grew. The criteria for determining the presence of sub-daily increments between the daily increments were (1) weak optical definition and (2) a sudden change in incremental distance that lasted for one or two increments and were approximately <0.5 mu m in width. Growth problems that occurred during the experiments were identified on otoliths as reductions in daily incremental widths and optical definition, which continued for several days. Otoliths from field-collected fish have also shown similar changes in daily increment properties during the juvenile stage, which may be an indicator of an environmental influence. The criteria for defining different increment types help to resolve our current age determination issues for late larval and early juvenile stage walleye pollock from the Gulf of Alaska. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Dougherty, AB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM annette.dougherty@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 5 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 90 IS 1-3 BP 271 EP 278 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.10.021 PG 8 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 292LG UT WOS:000255266900030 ER PT J AU Orr, JW Hawkins, S AF Orr, James W. Hawkins, Sharon TI Species of the rougheye rockfish complex: resurrection of Sebastes melanostictus (Matsubara, 1934) and a redescription of Sebastes aleutianus (Jordan and Evermann, 1898) (Teleostei : Scorpaeniformes) SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID NORTH PACIFIC-OCEAN; SYSTEMATICS AB The widespread and commercially important rougheye rockfish, Sebastes aleutianus (Jordan and Evermann, 1898), has been considered a single variable species, with light- and dark-colored forms, found on the outer continental shelf and upper slope of the North Pacific Ocean. Genetic analysis of 124 specimens verified the presence of two species in new specimens collected from Alaska to Oregon, and the two species were analyzed for distinguishing color patterns and morphological characters. Characters distinguishing the two were extended to an analysis of 215 additional formalin-fixed specimens representing their geographic ranges. Sebastes aleutianus is pale, often has dark mottling on the dorsum in diffuse bands, and does not have distinct dark spots on the spinous dorsal fin; it ranges from the eastern Aleutian Islands and southeastern Bering Sea to California. Sebastes melanostictus (Matsubara, 1934), the blackspotted rockfish, ranges from central Japan, through the Aleutian Islands and Bering Sea, to southern California. It is darker overall and spotting is nearly always present on the spinous dorsal fin. Sebastes swifti (Evermann and Goldsborough, 1907) is a synonym of S. aleutianus; S. kawaradae (Matsubara, 1934) is a synonym of S. melanostictus. The subgenus Zalopyr is restricted to S. aleutianus and S. melanostictus. Nomenclatural synonymies, diagnoses, descriptions, and distributions are provided for each species. C1 [Orr, James W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Hawkins, Sharon] NOAA, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr,Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Orr, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Assessment & Conservat Engn Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM James.Orr@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 14 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2008 VL 106 IS 2 BP 111 EP 134 PG 24 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 299CQ UT WOS:000255733800001 ER PT J AU Parnel, MM Emmett, RL Brodeur, RD AF Parnel, Maria M. Emmett, Robert L. Brodeur, Richard D. TI Ichthyoplankton community in the Columbia River plume off Oregon: effects of fluctuating oceanographic conditions SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CALIFORNIA CURRENT; NORTHEAST PACIFIC; JUVENILE SALMONIDS; FISH PRODUCTION; ABUNDANCE; CLIMATE; LARVAL; OCEAN; ZONE; RECRUITMENT AB Ichthyoplankton samples were collected at approximately 2-week intervals, primarily during spring and summer 1999-2004, from two stations located 20 and 30 km from shore near the Columbia River, Oregon. Northern anchovy (Engraulis mordax) was the most abundant species collected, and was the primary species associated with summer upwelling conditions, but it showed significant interannual and seasonal fluctuations in abundance and occurrence. Other abundant taxa included sanddabs (Citharichthys spp.), English sole (Parophrys vetulus), and blaeksmelts (Bathylagidae). Two-way cluster analysis revealed strong species associations based primarily on season (before or after the spring transition date). Ichthyoplankton abundances were compared to biological and environmental data, and egg and larvae abundances were found to be most correlated with sea surface temperature. The Pacific Decadal Oscillation changed sign (from negative to positive) in late 2002 and indicated overall warmer conditions in the North Pacific Ocean. Climate change is expected to alter ocean upwelling, temperatures, and Columbia River flows, and consequently fish eggs and larvae distributions and survival. Long-term research is needed to identify how ichthyoplankton and fish recruitment are affected by regional and large-scale oceanographic processes. C1 [Parnel, Maria M.; Emmett, Robert L.; Brodeur, Richard D.] Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR USA. RP Parnel, MM (reprint author), Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR USA. EM Robert.Emmett@noaa.gov NR 62 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 3 U2 9 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2008 VL 106 IS 2 BP 161 EP 173 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 299CQ UT WOS:000255733800005 ER PT J AU Overton, AS Manooch, CS Smith, JW Brennan, K AF Overton, Anthony S. Manooch, Charles S., III Smith, Joseph W. Brennan, Kenneth TI Interactions between adult migratory striped bass (Morone saxatilis) and their prey during winter off the Virginia and North Carolina Atlantic coast from 1994 through 2007 SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID CHESAPEAKE BAY; FISHERIES; ECOSYSTEM; FISH; SIZE; CONSUMPTION; POPULATION; DIETS; USA AB The migratory population of striped bass (Morone saxatilis) (> 400 mm total length [TL]) spends winter in the Atlantic Ocean off the Virginia and North Carolina coasts of the United States. Information on trophic dynamics for these large adults during winter is limited. Feeding habits and prey were described from stomach contents of 1154 striped bass ranging from 373 to 1250 mm TL, collected from trawls during winters of 1994-96, 2000, and 2002-03, and from the recreational fishery during 2005-07. Nineteen prey species were present in the diet. Overall, Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus) and bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli) dominated the diet by biomass (67.9%) and numerically (68.6%). The percent biomass of Atlantic menhaden consumed increased from 50.3% during 1994-2003 to 87.0% during 2005-07. Demersal fish species such as Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) and spot (Leiostomus xanthurus) represented < 15% of the diet biomass, whereas alosines (Alosa spp.) were rarely observed. Invertebrates were least important, contributing < 1.0% by biomass and numerically. Striped bass are capable of feeding on a wide range of prey sizes (2% to 43% of their total length). This study outlines the importance of clupeoid fishes to striped bass winter production and also shows that predation may be exerting pressure on one of their dominant prey, the Atlantic menhaden. C1 [Smith, Joseph W.; Brennan, Kenneth] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Overton, AS (reprint author), E Carolina Univ, Harriot Coll Arts & Sci, Dept Biol, Howell Sci Complex, Greenville, NC 27858 USA. EM overtona@ecu.edu NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 4 U2 10 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2008 VL 106 IS 2 BP 174 EP 182 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 299CQ UT WOS:000255733800006 ER PT J AU Vandersea, MW Litaker, RW Marancik, KE Hare, JA Walsh, HJ Lem, S West, MA Wyanski, DM Labani, EH Tester, PA AF Vandersea, Mark W. Litaker, R. Wayne Marancik, Katrin E. Hare, Jonathan A. Walsh, Harvey J. Lem, Siya West, Melissa A. Wyanski, David M. Labani, Elisabeth H. Tester, Patricia A. TI Identification of larval sea basses (Centropristis spp.) using ribosomal DNA-specific molecular assays SO FISHERY BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID INTERNAL TRANSCRIBED SPACER; EARLY-LIFE HISTORY; GREAT WHITE SHARK; CARCHARODON-CARCHARIAS; GENETIC IDENTIFICATION; ATLANTIC BIGHT; BIVALVE LARVAE; MULTIPLEX PCR; STRIATA; TRADE AB The identification of sea bass (Centropristis) larvae to species is difficult because of similar morphological characters, spawning times, and overlapping species ranges. Black sea bass (Centropristis striata) is an important fishery species and is currently considered to be over-fished south of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. We describe methods for identifying three species of sea bass larvae using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) assays based on species-specific amplification of rDNA internal transcribed spacer regions. The assays were tested against DNA of ten other co-occurring reef fish species to ensure the assay's specificity. Centropristis larvae were collected on three cruises during cross-shelf transects and were used to validate the assays. Seventy-six Centropristis larvae were assayed and 69 (91%) were identified successfully. DNA was not amplified from 5% of the larvae and identification was inconclusive for 3% of the larvae. These assays can be used to identify sea bass eggs and larvae and will help to assess spawning locations, spawning times, and larval dispersal. C1 [Vandersea, Mark W.; Labani, Elisabeth H.; Tester, Patricia A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Marancik, Katrin E.; Hare, Jonathan A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Walsh, Harvey J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Marine Res Facility 217, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Lem, Siya] Duke Univ, Med Ctr, Durham, NC 27710 USA. [West, Melissa A.] N Carolina State Univ, David Clark Lab, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Wyanski, David M.] S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Marine Resources Res Inst, Charleston, SC 29422 USA. RP Vandersea, MW (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Mark.W.Vandersea@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE SCIENTIFIC PUBL OFFICE PI SEATTLE PA 7600 SAND POINT WAY NE BIN C15700, SEATTLE, WA 98115 USA SN 0090-0656 J9 FISH B-NOAA JI Fish. Bull. PD APR PY 2008 VL 106 IS 2 BP 183 EP 193 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 299CQ UT WOS:000255733800007 ER PT J AU Noren, SR Biedenbach, G Redfern, JV Edwards, EF AF Noren, S. R. Biedenbach, G. Redfern, J. V. Edwards, E. F. TI Hitching a ride: the formation locomotion strategy of dolphin calves SO FUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cetaceans; echelon position; hydrodynamics; stroke and glide propulsion; swimming kinematics ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; FORMATION FLIGHT; SWIMMING SPEEDS; ENERGY SAVINGS; FISH; BIRDS; EFFICIENCY; MAMMALS AB 1. Formation locomotion theoretically provides energy savings and it is evident across diverse taxa. Echelon position, described in cetacean (dolphin and whale) mother-infant dyads as calf in very close proximity of its mother's mid-lateral flank, may be a type of formation locomotion that provides hydrodynamic benefits for the calf. Until now, the difficulties associated with assessing the swimming energetics of marine mammals have precluded empirical quantifications of these benefits. 2. Through kinematic analyses, this study demonstrates empirically that 0-1 month-old dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) calves in echelon position are afforded locomotor advantages as evident by increased swim performance with concurrent reductions in effort. 3. Compared to periods of independent swimming, calves in echelon position showed a 28% increase in average swim speed with reduced effort during stroke phases, as evident by a 22% reduction in fluke stroke amplitude and 19% increase in distance per stroke. 4. In addition, calves in echelon position spent over a third of their time gliding while no glide phases were observed for independently swimming calves. 5. The hydrodynamic benefits of echelon position enable cetacean calves, which have extremely limited locomotor performance, to maintain proximity of their mothers during travel, which is vital to infant survival. 6. This study adds to the limited empirical data regarding the energy economy of formation locomotion in animals. C1 [Noren, S. R.; Redfern, J. V.; Edwards, E. F.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Protected Resources Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Biedenbach, G.] Dolphin Quest Hawaii, Waikoloa, HI 96738 USA. RP Noren, SR (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, 100 Shaffer Rd, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. EM snoren@biology.ucsc.edu NR 57 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0269-8463 J9 FUNCT ECOL JI Funct. Ecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 22 IS 2 BP 278 EP 283 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2435.2007.01353.x PG 6 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277DA UT WOS:000254191700011 ER PT J AU Doucette, GJ Lee, C AF Doucette, Gregory J. Lee, Changkyu TI Preface to the Harmful algae Special Issue: Recent progress on the research and management of Cochlodinium blooms SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Doucette, Gregory J.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Lee, Changkyu] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Marine Harmful Organisms Res Team, Pusan, South Korea. RP Doucette, GJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM greg.doucette@noaa.gov RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD APR PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 259 EP 260 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2007.12.009 PG 2 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 278TC UT WOS:000254308200001 ER PT J AU Iwataki, M Kawami, H Mizushima, K Mikulski, CM Doucette, GJ Relox, JR Anton, A Fukuyo, Y Matsuoka, K AF Iwataki, Mitsunori Kawami, Hisae Mizushima, Koichiro Mikulski, Christina M. Doucette, Gregory J. Relox, Juan R., Jr. Anton, Ann Fukuyo, Yasuwo Matsuoka, Kazumi TI Phylogenetic relationships in the harmful dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides (Gymnodiniales, Dinophyceae) inferred from LSU rDNA sequences SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Cochlodinium fulvescens; Cochlodinium polykrikoides; distribution; HAB; LSU rDNA; phylogeny ID SP-NOV GYMNODINIALES; RED TIDE; COASTAL WATERS; DNA AB Phylogenetic relationships among chain-forming Cochlodinium species, including the harmful red tide forming dinoflagellate Cochlodinium polykrikoides, were investigated using specimens collected from coastal waters of Canada, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Philippines, Puerto Rico, and USA. The phylogenetic tree inferred from partial (D1-D6 regions) large subunit ribosomal RNA gene (LSU rDNA) sequences clearly differentiated between C polykrikoides and a recently described species, Cochlodinium fulvescens. Two samples collected from the Pacific coasts of North America (British Columbia, Canada and California, USA) having typical morphological characters of C fulvescens such as the sulcus located in the intermediate region of the cingulum, were closely related to C fulvescens from western Japan in the phylogenetic tree. Cochlodinium polykrikoides formed a monophyletic group positioned as a sister group of the C fulvescens clade with three well-supported sub-clades. These three clades were composed of (1) East Asian, including specimens collected from Hong Kong, western Japan, and southern Korea, (2) Philippines, from Manila Bay, Philippines and Omura Bay, Japan, and (3) Americart/Malaysian, from the Atlantic coasts of USA, the Pacific coast of Mexico, Puerto Rico, and Borneo Island, Malaysia. Each of these clades is considered to be a so-called "ribotype" representing the population inhabiting each region, which is distinguished based on ribosomal RNA gene sequences in the species despite similarities in their morphological characters, (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Iwataki, Mitsunori; Matsuoka, Kazumi] Nagasaki Univ, Inst E China Sea Res, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan. [Kawami, Hisae; Mizushima, Koichiro] Nagasaki Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Technol, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan. [Mikulski, Christina M.; Doucette, Gregory J.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Relox, Juan R., Jr.] Bur Fisheries & Aquat Resources, Quezon City 1100, Philippines. [Anton, Ann] Univ Malaysia Sabah, Biotechnol Res Inst, Kota Kinabalu 88999, Sabah, Malaysia. [Fukuyo, Yasuwo] Tokai Univ, Asian Nat Environm Sci Ctr, Tokyo 1138657, Japan. RP Iwataki, M (reprint author), Nagasaki Univ, Inst E China Sea Res, 1-14 Bunkyo, Nagasaki 8528521, Japan. EM iwataki@nagasaki-u.ac.jp RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013; OI Iwataki, Mitsunori/0000-0002-5844-2800 NR 25 TC 42 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD APR PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 271 EP 277 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2007.12.003 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 278TC UT WOS:000254308200003 ER PT J AU Mikulski, CM Park, YT Jones, KL Lee, CK Lim, WA Lee, Y Scholin, CA Doucette, GJ AF Mikulski, C. M. Park, Y. T. Jones, K. L. Lee, C. K. Lim, W. A. Lee, Y. Scholin, C. A. Doucette, G. J. TI Development and field application of rRNA-targeted probes for the detection of Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef in Korean coastal waters using whole cell and sandwich hybridization formats SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Cochlodinium polykrikoides; harmful algal blooms; Korea; LSU rRNA; molecular probes; sandwich hybridization ID ALEXANDRIUM DINOPHYCEAE; PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS; HETEROSIGMA-AKASHIWO; DNA PROBES; IDENTIFICATION; ENUMERATION; SAMPLES; BLOOMS; ASSAY; GULF AB The dinoflagellate, Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef, has been responsible for mass mortalities of both wild and farmed fish along the Korean coast on virtually an annual basis since 1982. Economic impacts to the fishing and aquaculture industries are extensive, with a loss of USD $95 million reported in 1995 alone. The use of taxon-specific molecular probes for harmful algal species is recognized as a promising approach for the early detection of bloom formation and as part of an effective mitigation strategy. We have developed and successfully applied large subunit ribosomal RNA (LSU rRNA)-targeted probes in both whole cell and sandwich hybridization assay (SHA) formats for the species-specific detection of C. polykrikoides in Korean coastal waters. Sequences of the D1-D3 variable regions used to design probes were identical between five Korean and one Hong Kong C. polykrikoides isolates, while sequences for several N. American Cochlodinium isolates differed to varying degrees from the former. The automated SHA detected C. polykrikoides at levels as low as similar to 1-3 cells/L in the field, demonstrating its suitability for detecting the target species at pre-bloom concentrations. This method should thus prove valuable to existing monitoring programs aimed at providing aquaculture interests with an early warning of frequently devastating bloom events. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mikulski, C. M.; Jones, K. L.; Doucette, G. J.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Park, Y. T.; Lee, C. K.; Lim, W. A.; Lee, Y.] Natl Fisheries Res & Dev Inst, Pusan, South Korea. [Scholin, C. A.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. RP Doucette, GJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM greg.doucette@noaa.gov RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 NR 43 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD APR PY 2008 VL 7 IS 3 BP 347 EP 359 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2007.12.015 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 278TC UT WOS:000254308200011 ER PT J AU Johnson, CL Leising, AW Runge, JA Head, EJH Pepin, P Plourde, S Durbin, EG AF Johnson, Catherine L. Leising, Andrew W. Runge, Jeffrey A. Head, Erica J. H. Pepin, Pierre Plourde, Stephane Durbin, Edward G. TI Characteristics of Calanus finmarchicus dormancy patterns in the Northwest Atlantic SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Zooplankton Production Symposium CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2007 CL Hiroshima, JAPAN DE Atlantic zonal monitoring programme; Calanus finmorchicus; copepod population dynamics; diapause; dormancy; individual-based model; lipids ID ST-LAWRENCE ESTUARY; GEORGES BANK; PLANKTONIC COPEPOD; EGG-PRODUCTION; SCOTIAN SHELF; SEASONAL DYNAMICS; FEEDING CONDITION; MARINE COPEPOD; LIFE-CYCLE; DIAPAUSE AB Demographic time-series from four fixed stations in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean demonstrate variable timing of entry into and emergence from dormancy in subpopulations of the planktonic copepod Colanus finmarchicus. A proxy for timing of entry was established as the date each year when the proportion of the fifth copepodid stage (CV) in the subpopulation rose to half its overall climatological maximum CV proportion at that station. The proxy for timing of emergence at each station was set as the first date when adults were more than 10% of the total abundance of copepodid stages. An alternate emergence proxy date was determined by back-calculating the spawning dates of the first early copepodid stages appearing in spring, using a stage-structured, individual-based model. No single environmental cue (photoperiod, surface temperature, or average surface-layer chlorophyll a concentration) consistently explained entry or emergence dates across all stations. Among hypotheses put forward to explain dormancy in Calanus species, we cannot eliminate the lipid accumulation window hypothesis for onset of dormancy or a lipid-modulated endogenous timer controlling dormancy duration. The fundamental premise of these hypotheses is that individuals can only enter dormancy if their food and temperature history allows them to accumulate sufficient lipid to endure overwintering, moult, and undergo early stages of gonad maturation. C1 [Johnson, Catherine L.; Head, Erica J. H.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Leising, Andrew W.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Runge, Jeffrey A.] Univ So Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Portland, ME 04103 USA. [Runge, Jeffrey A.] Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA. Gulf Maine Res Inst, Portland, ME USA. [Pepin, Pierre] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Plourde, Stephane] Inst Maurice Lamontagne, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Mont Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada. [Durbin, Edward G.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Johnson, CL (reprint author), Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, POB 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. EM JohnsonC@mar.dfo-mpo.gc.co NR 63 TC 58 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 23 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 3 BP 339 EP 350 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsm171 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 304SU UT WOS:000256130200009 ER PT J AU Liu, HB Dagg, MJ Napp, JM Sato, R AF Liu, Hongbin Dagg, Michael J. Napp, Jeffrey M. Sato, Riki TI Mesozooplankton grazing in the coastal Gulf of Alaska: Neocalanus spp. vs. other mesozooplankton SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Zooplankton Production Symposium CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2007 CL Hiroshima, JAPAN DE grazing; Gulf of Alaska; mesozooplankton; Neocalonus; phytoplankton ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; LARGE CALANOID COPEPODS; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH; SUBARCTIC PACIFIC; NORTHERN GULF; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SHELIKOF-STRAIT; LIFE-HISTORIES; STANDING STOCK AB Three species of large calanoid copepod, Neocalanus flemingeri, Neocalanus plumchrus, and Neocalanus cristatus, dominate the spring biomass of mesozooplankton in the Subarctic Pacific. We compared the grazing impact of Neocalonus species on phytoplankton with grazing by the remainder of the mesozooplankton community in the coastal and shelf waters of the Gulf of Alaska during spring and summer 2003. Neocalanus spp. and other mesozooplankton fed mainly on particles >20 mu m, and phytoplankton in the smaller size-fractions (<20 mu m) increased in the presence of mesozooplankton, possibly because of a trophic cascade resulting from mesozooplankton consumption of microzooplankton. Neocalanus spp. accounted for most of the mesozooplankton biomass and herbivory in the shelf water of the Gulf of Alaska and in the Prince William Sound (PWS) during April/May. The biomass of other mesozooplankton (mostly small copepods) varied seasonally and spatially; it did not increase in summer after the descent of Neocalanus spp. from the surface layer. On the basis of the clearance rates obtained from our experiments, in spring, grazing by Neocolanus spp. and the remaining mesozooplankton consumed similar to 10% of daily growth of phytoplankton >20 pm in the outer-shelf region, where chlorophyll a concentrations were <0.5 mg m(-3), and in PWS. Mesozooplankton consumed a smaller percentage of the >20 mu m daily phytoplankton production in the inner- and mid-shelf regions where chlorophyll a concentrations were typically >5 mg m(-3) with blooms of large diatoms. In summer, without Neocolonus spp. in the surface layer, mesozooplankton grazing accounted for a very small proportion of phytoplankton production across the whole shelf. C1 [Liu, Hongbin] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Liu, Hongbin] Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Atmospher Marine & Coastal Environm AMCE Program, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Dagg, Michael J.; Sato, Riki] Louisiana Univ Marine Consortium, Chauvin, LA 70344 USA. [Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Alaska Fish Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Liu, HB (reprint author), Hong Kong Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Biol, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. EM liuhb@ust.hk NR 45 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 3 BP 351 EP 360 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsm175 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 304SU UT WOS:000256130200010 ER PT J AU Fabry, VJ Seibel, BA Feely, RA Orr, JC AF Fabry, Victoria J. Seibel, Brad A. Feely, Richard A. Orr, James C. TI Impacts of ocean acidification on marine fauna and ecosystem processes SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Zooplankton Production Symposium CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2007 CL Hiroshima, JAPAN DE anthropogenic CO2; calcification; ecosystem impacts; hypercapnia; ocean acidification; physiological effects; zooplankton ID ACID-BASE-BALANCE; CARBONATE-ION CONCENTRATION; AMORPHOUS CALCIUM-CARBONATE; JUVENILE PINK SALMON; FORAMINIFER ORBULINA-UNIVERSA; URCHIN PSAMMECHINUS-MILIARIS; EARLY DEVELOPMENTAL-STAGES; INCREASED ATMOSPHERIC CO2; EXPERIMENTAL CORAL-REEF; WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC AB Oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) is altering the seawater chemistry of the world's oceans with consequences for marine biota. Elevated partial pressure Of CO2 (PCO2) is causing the calcium carbonate saturation horizon to shoal in many regions, particularly in high latitudes and regions that intersect with pronounced hypoxic zones. The ability of marine animals, most importantly pteropod molluscs, foraminifera, and some benthic invertebrates, to produce calcareous skeletal structures is directly affected by seawater CO2 chemistry. CO2 influences the physiology of marine organisms as well through acid-base imbalance and reduced oxygen transport capacity. The few studies at relevant PCO2 levels impede our ability to predict future impacts on foodweb dynamics and other ecosystem processes. Here we present new observations, review available data, and identify priorities for future research, based on regions, ecosystems, taxa, and physiological processes believed to be most vulnerable to ocean acidification. We conclude that ocean acidification and the synergistic impacts of other anthropogenic stressors provide great potential for widespread changes to marine ecosystems. C1 [Fabry, Victoria J.] Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol Sci, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. [Seibel, Brad A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Dept Biol Sci, Kingston, RI 02881 USA. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Orr, James C.] IAEA, Marine Environm Labs, MC-98000 Monaco, Monaco. RP Fabry, VJ (reprint author), Calif State Univ San Marcos, Dept Biol Sci, San Marcos, CA 92096 USA. EM fabry@csusm.edu RI Orr, James/C-5221-2009; OI Orr, James/0000-0002-8707-7080 NR 180 TC 808 Z9 836 U1 101 U2 840 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 3 BP 414 EP 432 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn048 PG 19 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 304SU UT WOS:000256130200015 ER PT J AU Peterson, JO Peterson, WT AF Peterson, Jay O. Peterson, William T. TI Influence of the Columbia River plume (USA) on the vertical and horizontal distribution of mesozooplankton over the Washington and Oregon shelf SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Zooplankton Production Symposium CY MAY 28-JUN 01, 2007 CL Hiroshima, JAPAN DE fronts; laser optical plankton counter (LOPC); Northeast Pacific; river plume; zooplankton ID OPTICAL PLANKTON COUNTER; SPATIAL-DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; ZOOPLANKTON; ABUNDANCE; BIOMASS; FRONTS; ICHTHYOPLANKTON; VARIABILITY; COPEPODS AB River plumes extending out over continental shelf waters have distinct frontal boundaries along their leading edges that concentrate highly buoyant particles, including zooplankton. The margin between the base of the plume and the underlying oceanic waters is often many times larger in spatial extent than the visible surface front, but the influence of this region of a river plume on the vertical and horizontal distribution of zooplankton is less well understood. Using a laser optical plankton counter (LOPC) and a conductivity-temperature-depth sensor (CTD) mounted to a rapidly undulating tow body, we examined the horizontal and vertical distribution of zooplankton proximate to the Columbia River plume, to study how plume waters affect zooplankton over the continental shelf. Overall, vertically integrated zooplankton abundance and biovolume was elevated close to "aged" plume waters. Zooplankton tended to aggregate near the surface close to river plume waters. When plume waters are present at the surface, zooplankton aggregations tended to be in the upper 10 m of the water column, compared with 25 m when the plume was not present. The presence of river plumes may be ecologically and energetically important to surface feeding planktivores such as larval and juvenile fish. C1 [Peterson, Jay O.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Peterson, William T.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, NOAA, NWFSC, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Peterson, JO (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM joy.peterson@oregonstote.edu NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 3 BP 477 EP 483 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn006 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 304SU UT WOS:000256130200021 ER PT J AU Bachmann, SM Zrnic, DS AF Bachmann, Svetlana M. Zrnic, Dusan S. TI Suppression of clutter residue in weather radar reveals birds' corridors over urban area SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE adaptive signal processing; Doppler radar; echo suppression; radar clutter; radar terrain factor AB An adaptive spectral technique for ground clutter and noise suppression in weather radar echoes is presented. This technique detects weak echoes that are masked by the residuals from ground clutter. The technique is demonstrated on two clear air cases observed with Doppler weather radar. After adaptive suppression of ground clutter and its residue, features appear over the Oklahoma City urban area where otherwise none could be seen. These are interpreted as birds' corridors between two lakes and along a river. C1 [Bachmann, Svetlana M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Bachmann, Svetlana M.] NOAA, Off Ocean Atmospher Res, Natl Severe Storm Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Bachmann, SM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM Svetlana.Bachmann@noaa.gov FU NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Weather Service; Federal Aviation Administration; Air Force Weather Service FX The work of S. M. Bachmann was supported by the NOAA Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work was supported in part by the National Weather Service, by the Federal Aviation Administration. and by the Air Force Weather Service through the NEXRAD Product Improvement Program. NR 17 TC 2 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 128 EP 132 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2008.915601 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 342EH UT WOS:000258766900002 ER PT J AU Bachmann, SM Zrnic, DS AF Bachmann, Svetlana M. Zrnic, Dusall S. TI Three-dimensional attributes of clear-air scatterers observed with the polarimetric weather radar SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE multidimensional signal processing; phase estimation; pulse Doppler radar; radar polarimetry; scattering parameters measurement; spectral-domain analysis ID BOUNDARY-LAYER; INSECTS; QUANTIFICATION; BIRDS AB In this letter, we present a spectral technique for observation and analysis of scatterers' polarimetric attributes. This technique allows one to visualize the scatterers' spectral signatures as a function of azimuth, Doppler velocity, and polarimetric variable at the same time. Such visualization can he used to evaluate the participants of the detected motions, to understand what constitutes the polarimetric averages, and to provide resources for establishing intrinsic polarimetric values (functions) for different types of scatterers, which are necessary for the scatterers' classification algorithms. We demonstrate this technique on a clear-air case observed with the S-band polarimetric research radar in Norman, OK, on September 7, 2004. We discuss the preference for spectral density of backscatter differential phase versus other polarimetric spectral densities for the observations of clear air. The proposed visualization technique is not limited to observations of echoes in clear air and invites study of intrinsic properties or other types of scatterers. C1 [Bachmann, Svetlana M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meterol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Bachmann, Svetlana M.; Zrnic, Dusall S.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Bachmann, SM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meterol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. EM Svetlana.Bachmann@noaa.gov; Dusan.Zrnic@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Weather Service; Federal Aviation Administration; Air Force Weather Service FX The work of S. M. Bachmann was supported by the National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. This work was supported in part by the National Weather Service, by the Federal Aviation Administration, and by the Air Force Weather Service under the NEXRAD Product Improvement Program. NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 231 EP 235 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2008.915745 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 342EH UT WOS:000258766900024 ER PT J AU Zhan, XW Crow, WT Jackson, TJ O'Neill, PE AF Zhan, Xiwu Crow, Wade T. Jackson, Thomas J. O'Neill, Peggy E. TI Improving spaceborne radiometer soil moisture retrievals with alternative aggregation rules for ancillary parameters in highly heterogeneous vegetated areas SO IEEE GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LETTERS LA English DT Article DE microwave; remote sensing; soil moisture ID MICROWAVE; BAND AB Retrieving soil moisture from spaceborne microwave radiometer observations often requires ancillary parameters such as surface vegetation opacity or vegetation water content (VWC). The conventional approach for deriving representative footprint-scale values of these parameters is to simply average the corresponding parameters of high-resolution pixels over the entire radiometer footprint. However, previous work has shown that simple averaging of ancillary parameter values may result in biased soil moisture retrievals from spaceborne radiometers. This letter uses a synthetic observing-system simulation experiment framework to theoretically demonstrate that ancillary VWC or canopy-opacity parameter values obtained with an alternative aggregation rule may significantly reduce the magnitude of soil moisture retrieval errors for highly heterogeneous vegetated areas. C1 [Zhan, Xiwu] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Crow, Wade T.; Jackson, Thomas J.] USDA ARS, Hydrol & Remote Sensing Lab, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [O'Neill, Peggy E.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Zhan, XW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xiwu.zhan@noaa.gov RI Zhan, Xiwu/F-5487-2010; O'Neill, Peggy/D-2904-2013 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NAG8-1517, NAG5-6494]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA96GP0413] FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Grants NAG8-1517 and NAG5-6494 and in part by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant NA96GP0413. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 13 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1545-598X J9 IEEE GEOSCI REMOTE S JI IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. PD APR PY 2008 VL 5 IS 2 BP 261 EP 265 DI 10.1109/LGRS.2008.915931 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 342EH UT WOS:000258766900030 ER PT J AU Song, EY Lee, K AF Song, Eugene Y. Lee, Kang TI Understanding IEEE 1451 - Networked smart transducer interface standard SO IEEE INSTRUMENTATION & MEASUREMENT MAGAZINE LA English DT Article C1 [Song, Eugene Y.] NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Sensor Dev & Applicat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Lee, Kang] NIST, Mfg Metrol Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, EY (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Sensor Dev & Applicat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM kang.lee@nist.gov; ysong@nist.gov NR 16 TC 83 Z9 86 U1 2 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1094-6969 J9 IEEE INSTRU MEAS MAG JI IEEE Instrum. Meas. Mag. PD APR PY 2008 VL 11 IS 2 BP 11 EP 17 DI 10.1109/MIM.2008.4483728 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 284SG UT WOS:000254725500003 ER PT J AU Bell, W English, SJ Candy, B Atkinson, N Hilton, F Baker, N Swadley, SD Campbell, WF Bormann, N Kelly, G Kazumori, M AF Bell, William English, Stephen J. Candy, Brett Atkinson, Nigel Hilton, Fiona Baker, Nancy Swadley, Steven D. Campbell, William F. Bormann, Niels Kelly, Graeme Kazumori, Masahiro TI The assimilation of SSMIS radiances in numerical weather prediction models SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE calibration/validation (Cal/Val); numerical weather prediction (NWP); radiance assimilation; Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) ID MICROWAVE IMAGER; CALIBRATION; SCHEME; SSM/I AB The measurement uncertainty requirements imposed by numerical weather prediction (NWP) data assimilation applications for temperature sounding radiances are very demanding. For an ensemble of observations collected during an orbit, (postbias correction) measurement uncertainties of similar to 0.2 K (at I or) or better are required in tropospheric sounding channels to improve analyses, and hence forecasts, from current NWP models. A significant fraction of F-16 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) observations are affected by calibration errors caused by solar intrusions into the warm calibration load and by thermal emission from the main reflector. The magnitude of these effects is as large as 1.5 K for the lower atmospheric temperature sounding channels. This paper describes the approach to correct for these effects, which involves data averaging, flagging solar intrusions, and modeling reflector emission. The resulting quality of the radiances is improved by a factor of three to four for mid-tropospheric temperature sounding channels. Observation minus background field differences are reduced from 0.5-0.8 K (at one standard deviation) for uncorrected data to 0.2 K for corrected data. Although localized biases remain in the corrected data, assimilation experiments using SSMIS data at four operational NWP centers (Met Office, ECMWF, NCEP, and NRL) show a neutral-to-positive impact on forecast quality in the Southern Hemisphere with, for example, mean sea-level pressure forecast errors at days 1-4 reduced by 0.5%-2.5%. Impacts in the Northern Hemisphere are neutral in most assimilation experiments. C1 [Bell, William; English, Stephen J.; Candy, Brett; Atkinson, Nigel; Hilton, Fiona] Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. [Baker, Nancy; Campbell, William F.] Naval REs Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Swadley, Steven D.] METOC Consulting, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Bormann, Niels; Kelly, Graeme] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Kazumori, Masahiro] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Bell, W (reprint author), Met Off, Exeter EX1 3PB, Devon, England. EM william.bell@metoffice.gov.uk; bill.campbell@nrlmry.navy.mil; niels.bormann@ecmef.int; Masahiro.Kazumori@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 884 EP 900 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.917335 PN 1 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285YJ UT WOS:000254811800003 ER PT J AU Yan, BH Weng, FZ AF Yan, Banghua Weng, Fuzhong TI Intercalibration between special sensor microwave imager/sounder and special sensor microwave imager SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE intercalibration; nonlinearity; Simultaneous Conical Overpassing (SCO); Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I); Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS); surface emissivity ID SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OVERPASSES; EMISSIVITY MODEL; SOUNDING UNIT; CALIBRATION; SSM/I; RAINFALL AB The F16 satellite was successfully launched on October 18, 2003, carrying the first Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSM/I) onboard. In this paper, the SSMIS imaging channels 12-18 are intercalibated against the F15 Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) instrument using Simultaneous Conical Overpassing (SCO) observations from both satellites. Results show that the SSMIS antenna temperatures have a mean bias as large as 1-2 K with a maximum of 3 K at 22.235 GHz with respect to F15. It appears that the mean biases at frequencies from 19.35 to 37 GHz do not strongly depend on the region and season, although the biases at the 91.655-GHz channels are slightly variable. The intercalibration analysis also shows that the nonlinearity may be one of the major sources resulting in differences between F15 SSMA and F16 SSMIS measurements. For improved calibration and for the future SSMA and SSMIS reprocessing, the SCO data are further utilized to resolve the SSMIS and SSM/I nonlinearity terms using a newly developed calibration algorithm. With the derived nonlinearity correction, the mean biases of the antenna temperatures between F15 and F16 are significantly reduced. To intercalibrate SSMIS to the same reference as SSM/I, SSMIS imaging channels can also be linearly mapped to the same and similar F15 SSMA channels using the SCO matchup data. After the linear mapping, SSMIS snow-free land, snow, and sea ice surface emissivities are consistent with those derived from SSM A. C1 [Yan, Banghua] Natl Ocean & Atmosp Adm, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] Natl Ocean & Atmosp Adm, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Yan, BH (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmosp Adm, Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM banghua.yan@noaa.gov; fuzhon2.weng@noaa.gov RI Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 25 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 984 EP 995 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.915752 PN 1 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285YJ UT WOS:000254811800010 ER PT J AU Sun, NH Weng, F AF Sun, Nin-Hai Weng, Fuzhong TI Evaluation of special sensor microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) environmental data records SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE environmental data records (EDRs); microwave antennas; microwave imaging; retrieval; Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS); Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) ID TOTAL PRECIPITABLE WATER; SSM/I MEASUREMENTS; DATA ASSIMILATION; LAND EMISSIVITY; TIME-SERIES; SNOW COVER; RETRIEVAL; IMAGER; ALGORITHMS; RAINFALL AB The Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program F-16 satellite measures the Earth-emitted radiation at frequencies from 19 to 183 GHz. Compared with the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I), SSMIS has similar imaging channels except for two at 85.5 GHz replaced by the 91.655-GHz frequency. After the Naval Research Laboratory calibration of SSMIS imager channels, the temperature data record can be utilized operationally to derive both atmospheric and surface parameters. In this paper, several products are developed from the SSM/I heritage algorithms, including total precipitable water (TPW), cloud liquid water path (LWP), snow cover, sea ice cover, rain rate, and land surface temperature (LST). Some new products are also derived from the SSMIS, such as land emissivity. The retrieved products from F-15 SSM/I and F-16 SSMIS are intercompared to quantify the mean bias and standard deviation. It is found that because of both the relatively small mean bias and standard deviation, the F-16 SSMIS products, such as TPW, cloud LWP, snow, and sea ice, may replace the SSM/I products for operational use. However, discrepancies remain in the global rainfall estimates, LST, and land emissivity produced by each sensor. This is likely due to the imperfect F-16 SSM/I-like channels to F-15 SSMA channels' linear mapping, particularly for 91.655-GHz channels, whose frequency is shifted from 85.5 GHz in SSM/I. C1 [Sun, Nin-Hai] IM Syst Grp, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & REs Grp, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Sun, NH (reprint author), IM Syst Grp, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. EM Ninghai.Sun@noaa.gov; Fuzhon.Weng@noaa.gov RI Sun, Ninghai/B-6970-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 24 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1006 EP 1016 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.917368 PN 1 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285YJ UT WOS:000254811800012 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. TI Assessment of radar signal attenuation caused by the melting hydrometeor layer SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE atmospheric measurements; attenuation; dielectric bodies; meteorological radar; scattering ID BAND POLARIMETRIC RADAR; X-BAND; DOPPLER RADAR; PART II; RAIN; PRECIPITATION; REFLECTIVITY; SCATTERING; WAVES; MODEL AB Attenuation of radar signals by melting hydrometeors is studied using modeling approaches and comparisons of simulated and observed results. In spite that the melting layer in precipitating systems is usually relatively thin (similar to 500 in), this attenuation can be substantial at X-band frequencies for low elevation angles and at millimeter-wavelength frequencies that are used by the U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program and CloudSat radars operating at vertical/nadir incidence. Melting layer attenuation is stronger than the attenuation in the resultant rain at comparable path lengths and needs to be accounted for in remote sensing methods that use radar reflectivity measurements for retrieving cloud and precipitation parameters if the radar beam penetrates this layer. The choice of the mixing rule for calculating dielectric constants of melting hydrometeors determines, to a significant degree, the magnitude of the modeled attenuation values. A relatively simple Wiener mixing rule provides results that are consistent with melting layer reflectivity enhancements and attenuation estimates from the X-band radar observations. The total melting layer attenuation A is related to the resultant rain rate R in an approximately linear manner at X- and K-a-band frequencies, whereas at W-band, the melting layer attenuation increase with rain rate is slower due to strong non-Rayleigh scattering effects. Typical A-R relations are suggested, and the variability of these relations is discussed. This paper is mostly concerned with precipitating systems associated with snowflakes that are unrimed or only slightly rimed above the freezing level, as indicated by relatively low values of vertical Doppler velocities. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD APR PY 2008 VL 46 IS 4 BP 1039 EP 1047 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.915757 PN 2 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 285YL UT WOS:000254812000001 ER PT J AU Kieler, OFO Landim, RP Benz, SP Dresselhaus, PD Burroughs, CJ AF Kieler, Oliver F. O. Landim, Regis Pinheiro Benz, Samuel P. Dresselhaus, Paul D. Burroughs, Charles J., Jr. TI AC-DC transfer standard measurements and generalized compensation with the AC Josephson voltage standard SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE digital-analog conversion; Josephson arrays; quantization; signal synthesis; standards; superconductor-normal-superconductor (SNS) devices; voltage measurement ID WAVE-FORM SYNTHESIZER; PRECISION-MEASUREMENTS; ARRAYS AB We present ac-dc transfer standard measurements using the National Institute of Standards and Technology's pulse-driven ac Josephson voltage standard source. We have investigated the frequency dependence for several output voltages up to 200 mV for frequencies from 2.5 to 100 kHz. We found that, as the frequency increases, the ac-dc differences for the two arrays on the same chip do not agree. We explored this deviation in ac-dc difference for the two arrays by investigating different configurations of the probe cabling and wiring, chip carriers, and on-chip circuit design. We found that the circuit design produced the greatest improvement, particularly at the highest frequency (100 kHz), where the deviation in ac-dc difference was reduced by more than 60%. In this paper, we also demonstrate tenfold higher output voltages and improved operating margins for arbitrary (nonsi-nusoidal) waveforms. These enhancements were accomplished by implementing a more general current bias to the arrays having the same harmonic content as that of the synthesized arbitrary waveform. C1 [Kieler, Oliver F. O.] Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. [Landim, Regis Pinheiro] INMETRO, Natl Inst Metrol Stand & Ind Qual, BR-20261232 Rio De Janeiro, Brazil. [Benz, Samuel P.; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Burroughs, Charles J., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Kieler, OFO (reprint author), Phys Tech Bundesanstalt, D-38116 Braunschweig, Germany. EM oliver.kieler@ptb.de; rplandim@inmetro.gov.br; Samuel.benz@nist.gov NR 17 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD APR PY 2008 VL 57 IS 4 BP 791 EP 796 DI 10.1109/TIM.2007.913817 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 274VE UT WOS:000254029600017 ER PT J AU Ali, MA Stone, PM AF Ali, M. Asgar Stone, P. M. TI Electron impact ionization of metastable rare gases: He, Ne and Ar SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE ionization; electron; metastable; rare gas ID HARTREE-FOCK EQUATIONS; TOTAL CROSS-SECTIONS; EXCITED-STATES; ORTHOGONAL ORBITALS; ATOMS; HELIUM; ARGON; IONS; MOLECULES; MATRIX AB Cross sections for ionization of atoms by electron impact are important quantities for modeling of low temperature plasmas and gas discharges. Although experimental and theoretical studies of ionization of atoms from their ground levels have been extensive, much less information is available about the larger cross sections for ionization from excited levels. We use the Binary-Encounter-Bethe (BEB) method of Kim and Rudd to calculate ionization cross sections from the 1s2s S-3 level of He, the 2p(5)3s P-3 levels of Ne, and the 3p(5)4S P-3 levels of Ar. We compare our results with the few available experimental results and with results from other theoretical methods. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Ali, M. Asgar; Stone, P. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stone, PM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ali@nist.gov; pstone@nist.gov NR 45 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 14 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 271 IS 1-3 BP 51 EP 57 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2007.10.006 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 276CP UT WOS:000254119200010 ER PT J AU Brunger, MJ Thorn, PA Campbell, L Diakomichalis, N Kato, H Kawahara, H Hoshino, M Tanaka, H Kim, YK AF Brunger, Michael J. Thorn, Penny A. Campbell, Laurence Diakomichalis, Nicole Kato, Hidetoshi Kawahara, Hirotomo Hoshino, Masamitsu Tanaka, Hiroshi Kim, Yong-Ki TI Excitation of the lowest lying B-3(1), B-1(1), (3)A(2), (1)A(2), (3)A(1), and (1)A(1) electronic states in water by 15 eV electrons SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE cross-sections; electronic states; water ID CROSS-SECTIONS; IMPACT EXCITATION; DISSOCIATIVE EXCITATION; SCATTERING; H2O; ANGLES; RANGE; N-2 AB We report absolute differential and integral cross-sections for excitation of the six lowest lying electronic states in water. The incident electron energy for this study was 15 eV and the scattered electron angular range, for the differential cross-section measurements, was 10-90 degrees. Where possible comparison of the present cross-sections with the corresponding results from theory is made, the level of agreement between them being found to be somewhat marginal. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Brunger, Michael J.; Thorn, Penny A.; Campbell, Laurence; Diakomichalis, Nicole] Flinders Univ S Australia, SoCPES, ARC Ctr Antimatter Matter Studies, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. [Kato, Hidetoshi; Kawahara, Hirotomo; Hoshino, Masamitsu; Tanaka, Hiroshi] Sophia Univ, Dept Phys, Chiyoda Ku, Tokyo 1028554, Japan. [Kim, Yong-Ki] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Brunger, MJ (reprint author), Flinders Univ S Australia, SoCPES, ARC Ctr Antimatter Matter Studies, GPO Box 2100, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia. EM michael.brunger@flinders.edu.au RI Kato, Hidetoshi/L-2851-2016; OI Kato, Hidetoshi/0000-0003-0504-219X; Campbell, Laurence/0000-0003-0728-554X NR 18 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 271 IS 1-3 BP 80 EP 84 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2007.09.005 PG 5 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 276CP UT WOS:000254119200015 ER PT J AU Fischer, CF Ralchenko, Y AF Fischer, Charlotte Froese Ralchenko, Yuri TI Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock energies and transition probabilities for 2p(4)(P-3)3d-2p(4)(P-3)4f transitions in NeII SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article DE atomic structure; multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method; energy levels; transition probabilities; NeII ID LIFETIMES AB Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock energies, lifetimes, and transition probabilities for transitions between 2p(4)(P-3)3d and 2p(4)(P-3)4f levels of Ne II are reported from calculations that included the effect of core-polarization. Transition energies are in excellent agreement with observed values. For many transitions the length and velocity gauge results agree within a fraction of a percent. Transition probabilities are compared with experimental values and the Coulomb approximation. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ralchenko, Yuri] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fischer, Charlotte Froese] Vanderbilt Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Nashville, TN 37235 USA. RP Ralchenko, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Charlotte.F.Fischer@Vanderbilt.Edu; yuri.ralchenko@nist.gov RI Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 NR 16 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3806 EI 1873-2798 J9 INT J MASS SPECTROM JI Int. J. Mass Spectrom. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 271 IS 1-3 BP 85 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.ijms.2007.09.003 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 276CP UT WOS:000254119200016 ER PT J AU Woo, J Kulvatunyou, B Cho, H AF Woo, J. Kulvatunyou, B. Cho, H. TI Allocation of manufacturers through internet-based collaboration for distributed process planning SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PRODUCTION RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE collaborative manufacturing; process planning; distributed manufacturing; supply chain integration AB The pursuit of lower cost, shorter time-to-market, and better quality has led to a shift toward global production in today's competitive business environment. This shift however, forces manufacturing enterprises to have separate design houses and manufacturing facilities. In general, design houses are located in the same regions as customers to enable them to respond to the rapidly changing demands of customers. By contrast, manufacturing facilities can be placed in regions in which production costs are lower. However, this physical and logical separation between designers and manufacturers (or between upstream manufacturers and downstream manufacturers) raises various integration issues. The present paper addresses two of these issues: the framework for representing the data necessary to communicate requirements and objectives of the designer, and the methodology for utilizing such data to optimize the business objectives related to production cost and quality. The proposed representation, collaboration framework, and methodology will enable design houses and manufacturing facilities to realize the benefits of global production and to accommodate the management of loosely integrated supply chains. C1 [Woo, J.; Cho, H.] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang, South Korea. [Kulvatunyou, B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cho, H (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Pohang, South Korea. EM hcho@postech.ac.kr RI Cho, Hyunbo/F-6973-2013 NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0020-7543 J9 INT J PROD RES JI Int. J. Prod. Res. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 46 IS 7 BP 1991 EP 2007 DI 10.1080/00207540601008432 PG 17 WC Engineering, Industrial; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 290LS UT WOS:000255124900014 ER PT J AU Main, JA Gazonas, GA AF Main, Joseph A. Gazonas, George A. TI Uniaxial crushing of sandwich plates under air blast: Influence of mass distribution SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SOLIDS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE sandwich plates; metallic foams; fluid-structure interaction; finite elements; optimization; air blast ID COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH PROPERTIES; CELLULAR MATERIAL; ALUMINUM FOAMS; IMPACT; TRANSMISSION; PROPAGATION; DYNAMICS; SUBJECT; CORES; BEAMS AB Motivated by recent efforts to mitigate blast loading using energy-absorbing materials, this paper uses analytical and computational modeling to investigate the influence of mass distribution on the uniaxial crushing of cellular sandwich plates under air blast loading. In the analytical model, the cellular core is represented using a rigid, perfectly-plastic, locking idealization, as in previous studies, and the front and back faces are modeled as rigid, with pressure loading applied to the front face and the back-face unrestrained. This model is also applicable to the crushing of cellular media in "blast pendulum" experiments. Fluid-structure interaction effects are treated using a recent result that accounts for nonlinear compressibility effects for intense air blasts. Predictions of the analytical model show excellent agreement with explicit finite element computations, and the model is used to investigate the response of the system for all possible distributions of mass between the front and back faces and the cellular core. Increasing the mass fraction in the front face is found to increase the impulse required for complete crushing of the cellular core but also to produce undesirable increases in back-face accelerations. Optimal mass distributions for mitigating shock transmission through the sandwich plate are investigated by maximizing the impulse capacity while limiting the back-face accelerations to a specified level. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Main, Joseph A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gazonas, George A.] USA, Res Lab, Weapons & Mat Res Directorate ATTN AMSRD ARL WM M, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. RP Main, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8611, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.main@nist.gov; gazonas@arl.army.mil OI Gazonas, George/0000-0002-2715-016X NR 27 TC 27 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0020-7683 J9 INT J SOLIDS STRUCT JI Int. J. Solids Struct. PD APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 7-8 BP 2297 EP 2321 DI 10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2007.11.019 PG 25 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 281BO UT WOS:000254471500025 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Tekin, A Safarov, J Shahverdiyev, A Hassel, E AF Abdulagatov, I. M. Tekin, A. Safarov, J. Shahverdiyev, A. Hassel, E. TI Densities and excess, apparent, and partial molar volumes of binary mixtures of BMIMBF(4) plus ethanol as a function of temperature, pressure, and concentration SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THERMOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE apparent molar volume; binary mixture; BMIMBF(4); density; direct and total correlation integrals; ethanol; excess molar volume; ionic liquid; Krichevskii function; partial molar volume ID LIQUID-PHASE BEHAVIOR; IONIC LIQUIDS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; 1-N-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM TETRAFLUOROBORATE; CARBON-DIOXIDE; TAIT EQUATION; VISCOSITY; WATER AB The densities of five BMIMBF(4) (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) + ethanol binary mixtures with compositions of (0.0701, 0.3147, 0.5384, 0.7452, and 0.9152) mole fraction BMIMBF(4) and of pure BMIMBF(4) have been measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter. Measurements were performed at temperatures from 298 K to 398 K and at pressures up to 40 MPa. The total uncertainty of density, temperature, pressure, and concentration measurements were estimated to be less than 0.1 kg (.) m(-3), 15 mK, 5 kPa, and 10(-4), respectively. The uncertainties reported in this article are expanded uncertainties at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2. The measured densities were used to study derived volumetric properties such as excess, apparent, and partial molar volumes. It is shown that the values of excess molar volume for BMIMBF(4) + ethanol mixtures are negative at all measured temperatures and pressures over the whole concentration range. The effect of water content on the measured values of density is discussed. The volumetric (excess, apparent, and partial molar volumes) and structural (direct and total correlation integrals, cluster size) properties of dilute BMIMBF(4) + ethanol mixtures were studied in terms of the Krichevskii parameter. The measured densities were used to develop a Tait-type equation of state. C1 [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tekin, A.] Erciyes Univ, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey. [Safarov, J.; Shahverdiyev, A.] Azerbaijan Tech Univ, AZ-1073 Baku, Azerbaijan. [Safarov, J.; Hassel, E.] Univ Rostock, Lehrstuhl Tech Thermodynam, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 60 TC 37 Z9 38 U1 0 U2 16 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0195-928X J9 INT J THERMOPHYS JI Int. J. Thermophys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 29 IS 2 BP 505 EP 533 DI 10.1007/s10765-008-0410-4 PG 29 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical; Mechanics; Physics, Applied SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Mechanics; Physics GA 302ZW UT WOS:000256009800005 ER PT J AU Krayzman, V Levin, I AF Krayzman, Victor Levin, Igor TI Determination of B-cation chemical short-range order in perovskites from the total pair-distribution function SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SPECTRA AB Short-range B-cation order affects the functional properties of many complex perovskites. However, current ability to measure the characteristics of such chemical short-range order (SRO) in perovskite-structured ceramics is limited. In the present study, two distinct methods are compared for the determination of the B-cation SRO parameters from the total scattering pair-distribution function (PDF). Both methods rely on reverse Monte Carlo refinements of the structural models but differ in the procedures used to extract the SRO characteristics. The accuracy of these methods was tested using synthetic PDF data generated for models of prototype Ca(Zr,Ti)O-3 solid solutions. One of the approaches developed in the present study, which proved to yield the most accurate results, was used to analyze the SRO of Ti and Zr in powder samples of Ca(Zr,Ti)O-3. C1 [Krayzman, Victor; Levin, Igor] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krayzman, Victor] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Nucl Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Levin, I (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 11 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2008 VL 41 BP 386 EP 392 DI 10.1107/S0021889807067131 PN 2 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 274HP UT WOS:000253992700019 ER PT J AU Zhang, F Long, GG Levine, LE Ilavsky, J Jemian, PR AF Zhang, F. Long, G. G. Levine, L. E. Ilavsky, J. Jemian, P. R. TI Quantitative characterization of the contrast mechanisms of ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering imaging SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SYNCHROTRON-RADIATION; DYNAMICAL THEORY; POLYPROPYLENE; REFRACTION; RESOLUTION; PARTICLES; CRYSTALS; STRENGTH AB A general treatment of X-ray imaging contrast for ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) imaging is presented; this approach makes use of phase propagation and dynamical diffraction theory to account quantitatively for the intensity distribution at the detector plane. Simulated results from a model system of micrometre-sized spherical SiO2 particles embedded in a polypropylene matrix show good agreement with experimental measurements. Simulations by means of a separate geometrical ray-tracing method also account for the features in the USAXS images and offer a complementary view of small-angle X-ray scattering as a contrast mechanism. The ray-tracing analysis indicates that refraction, in the form of Porod scattering, and, to a much lesser extent, X-ray reflection account for the USAXS imaging contrast. C1 [Zhang, F.; Long, G. G.; Ilavsky, J.; Jemian, P. R.] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Long, GG (reprint author), Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. EM gglong@aps.anl.gov RI Zhang, Fan/A-6133-2010; USAXS, APS/D-4198-2013; OI Ilavsky, Jan/0000-0003-1982-8900 NR 24 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 9 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2008 VL 41 BP 416 EP 427 DI 10.1107/S0021889808000733 PN 2 PG 12 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 274HP UT WOS:000253992700022 ER PT J AU Rubinson, KA Stanley, C Krueger, S AF Rubinson, Kenneth A. Stanley, Christopher Krueger, Susan TI Small-angle neutron scattering and the errors in protein structures that arise from uncorrected background and intermolecular interactions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID X-RAY; WATER; HYDRATION; EXCHANGE; DENSITY; CHARGE; LIGHT; SANS AB Small-angle neutron scattering ( SANS) provides a unique method to probe soft matter in the 10-100 nm length scale in solutions. In order to determine the shape and size of biological macromolecular structures correctly with SANS, a background-subtracted, undistorted scattering curve must be measured, and the required accuracy and precision is especially needed at the short-length-scale limit. A true scattering curve is also needed to discern whether intermolecular interactions are present, which also are probed in the SANS experiment. This article shows how to detect intermolecular interactions so that subsequent structure modeling can be performed using only data that do not contain such contributions. It is also shown how control of many factors can lead to an accurate baseline, or background, correction for scattering from proteins, especially to account for proton incoherent scattering. Failure to make this background correction properly from proteins, polymers, nucleic acids and lipids can result in incorrect values for the calculated shapes and sizes of the molecules as well as the derived magnitudes of the intermolecular interactions. C1 [Rubinson, Kenneth A.; Stanley, Christopher; Krueger, Susan] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rubinson, Kenneth A.] Wright State Univ, Dept Biochem & Mol Biol, Dayton, OH 45435 USA. [Stanley, Christopher] NICHHD, Lab Phys & Struct Biol, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. RP Rubinson, KA (reprint author), NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rubinson@nist.gov; susan.krueger@nist.gov OI Stanley, Christopher/0000-0002-4226-7710 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 13 PU INT UNION CRYSTALLOGRAPHY PI CHESTER PA 2 ABBEY SQ, CHESTER, CH1 2HU, ENGLAND SN 1600-5767 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD APR PY 2008 VL 41 BP 456 EP 465 DI 10.1107/S0021889808004950 PN 2 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 274HP UT WOS:000253992700026 ER PT J AU Southwell, C Paxton, CGM Borchers, D Boveng, P De la Mare, W AF Southwell, Colin Paxton, Charles G. M. Borchers, David Boveng, Peter De la Mare, William TI Taking account of dependent species in management of the Southern Ocean krill fishery: estimating crabeater seal abundance off east Antarctica SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE aerial survey; dependent species; double observer; line transect; model-based inference; krill harvest management; shipboard survey ID PACK-ICE; BEHAVIOR AB 1. The crabeater seal Lobodon carcinophaga is considered to be a key species in the krill-based food-web of the Southern Ocean. Reliable estimates of the abundance of this species are necessary to allow the development of multispecies, predator-prey models as a basis for management of the krill fishery in the Southern Ocean. 2. A survey of crabeater seal abundance was undertaken in 1500 000 km(2) of pack-ice off east Antarctica between longitudes 64-150 degrees E during the austral summer of 1999/2000. Sighting surveys, using double observer line transect methods, were conducted from an icebreaker and two helicopters to estimate the density of seals hauled out on the ice in survey strips. Satellite-linked dive recorders were deployed on a sample of seals to estimate the probability of seals being hauled out on the ice at the times of day when sighting surveys were conducted. Model-based inference, involving fitting a density surface, was used to infer densities in the entire survey region from estimates in the surveyed areas. 3. Crabeater seal abundance was estimated to be between 0.7 and 1.4 million animals (with 95% confidence), with the most likely estimate slightly less than 1 million. 4. Synthesis and applications. The estimation of crabeater seal abundance in Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) management areas off east Antarctic where krill biomass has also been estimated recently provides the data necessary to begin extending from single-species to multispecies management of the krill fishery. Incorporation of all major sources of uncertainty allows a precautionary interpretation of crabeater abundance and demand for krill in keeping with CCAMLR's precautionary approach to management. While this study focuses on the crabeater seal and management of living resources in the Southern Ocean, it has also led to technical and theoretical developments in survey methodology that have widespread potential application in ecological and resource management studies, and will contribute to a more fundamental understanding of the structure and function of the Southern Ocean ecosystem. C1 [Southwell, Colin] Australian Antarctic Div, Dept Environm & Water Resources, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. [Paxton, Charles G. M.; Borchers, David] Univ St Andrews, Sch Math & Stat, St Andrews KY16 9SS, Fife, Scotland. [Boveng, Peter] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [De la Mare, William] Simon Fraser Univ, Sch Resource & Environm Management, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada. RP Southwell, C (reprint author), Australian Antarctic Div, Dept Environm & Water Resources, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tas 7050, Australia. EM colin.southwell@aad.gov.au OI Paxton, Charles/0000-0002-9350-3197 NR 33 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0021-8901 J9 J APPL ECOL JI J. Appl. Ecol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 622 EP 631 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2007.01399.x PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 277DI UT WOS:000254192500024 ER PT J AU Peck, MA Buckley, LJ AF Peck, M. A. Buckley, L. J. TI Measurements of larval Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) routine metabolism: temperature effects, diel differences and individual-based modeling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED ICHTHYOLOGY LA English DT Article ID HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; GEORGES BANK; OXYGEN-UPTAKE; JUVENILE COD; GROWTH; EGGS; POPULATIONS; RESPIRATION; TURBULENCE; FISHES AB In the present study, dry mass (M-D, mu g) and routine respiration rate (R-R) (mu l O-2 ind(-1) h(-1)) were measured for larval cod, Gadus morhua (L.) that were reared and tested at 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 degrees C. Bi-hourly measurements of R-R were made on groups of larvae using a closed-circuit respirometer over a 24-h period (14L : 10D light regime) to test temperature and body size effects and whether unfed larvae exhibited diel differences in metabolism. At 10 degrees C, the relationship between mean R-R and mean M-D was: ln R-R = 1.16 center dot lnM(D) - 6.57 (n = 31, r(2) = 0.883, P < 0.001). The exponential increase in R-R with temperature was described by a Q(10) of 3.00. Diel differences in unfed larvae were only apparent in groups of the largest larvae. A comparison of Q(10) estimates from this and other studies suggest a linear decrease in the effect of temperature on cod R-R with increasing log M-D for sizes encompassing larvae to large juveniles. The trend may explain, in part, observations of cod juveniles exploiting a wider range of in situ temperatures than larvae. Finally, the two most comprehensive data sets on larval cod R-R compare poorly (approximately five-fold differences) and our results support the assertion that daily metabolic energy loss in many larval cod individual-based models were based upon measurements that over-estimated hourly metabolic rates by a factor of approximately four. C1 [Peck, M. A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Buckley, L. J.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, URI NOAA CMER Program, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Peck, MA (reprint author), Univ Hamburg, Inst Hydrobiol & Fisheries Sci, Olbersweg 24, D-22767 Hamburg, Germany. RI Peck, Myron/H-6164-2011 NR 30 TC 10 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0175-8659 J9 J APPL ICHTHYOL JI J. Appl. Ichthyol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 144 EP 149 DI 10.1111/j.1439-0426.2007.01004.x PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 274CL UT WOS:000253979300005 ER PT J AU Welch, RM Asefi, S Zeng, J Nair, US Han, QY Lawton, RO Ray, DK Manoharan, VS AF Welch, Ronald M. Asefi, Salvi Zeng, Jian Nair, Udaysankar S. Han, Qingyuan Lawton, Robert O. Ray, Deepak K. Manoharan, Vani Starry TI Biogeography of tropical montane cloud forests. Part I: Remote sensing of cloud-base heights SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; MODIS; TEMPERATURE; RETRIEVAL; SATELLITE AB Cloud-base heights over tropical montane cloud forests are determined using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) cloud products and National Centers for Environmental Prediction global tropospheric final analysis (FNL) fields. Cloud-base heights are computed by subtracting cloud thickness estimates from cloud-top height estimates. Cloud-top pressures determined from the current MODIS retrieval algorithm often have serious cloud-top pressure retrieval errors at pressures > 700 hPa. The problem can be easily remedied by matching cloud-top temperature derived from the 11-mu m channel to the dewpoint temperature profile (instead of the temperature profile) obtained from the FNL dataset. The FNL dataset at 1 spatial resolution produced results that were nearly equivalent to those derived from radiosonde measurements. The following three different approaches for estimating cloud thickness are examined: 1) the constant liquid water method, 2) the empirical method, and 3) the adiabatic model method. The retrieval technique is applied first for stratus clouds over U. S. airports for 12 cases, with cloud-base heights compared with ceilometer measurements. Mean square errors on the order of 200 m result. Then, the approach is applied to orographic clouds over Monteverde, Costa Rica, with estimated cloud-base heights compared with those derived from photographs. Mean square errors on the order of 100 m result. Both the empirical and adiabatic model approaches produce superior results when compared with the constant liquid water (CLW) approach. This is due to the fact that CLW is more sensitive to natural variations in cloud optical thickness. C1 [Welch, Ronald M.; Asefi, Salvi; Zeng, Jian; Nair, Udaysankar S.; Han, Qingyuan; Ray, Deepak K.; Manoharan, Vani Starry] Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Lawton, Robert O.] Univ Alabama, Dept Biol Sci, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Ray, Deepak K.] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Zeng, Jian] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Welch, RM (reprint author), Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. EM welch@nsstc.uah.edu RI Ray, Deepak/F-7720-2012 NR 33 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 BP 960 EP 975 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1668.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 302RG UT WOS:000255986400003 ER PT J AU Lindsey, DT Grasso, L AF Lindsey, Daniel T. Grasso, Louie TI An effective radius retrieval for thick ice clouds using GOES SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID BULK SCATTERING PROPERTIES; DISCRETE-ORDINATE-METHOD; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CIRRUS CLOUDS; PART II; MODELS; MODIS; PARAMETERIZATION; PRODUCTS; WEATHER AB Satellite retrieval of cirrus cloud microphysical properties is an important but difficult problem because of uncertainties in ice-scattering characteristics. Most methods have been developed for instruments aboard polar-orbiting satellites, which have better spatial and spectral resolution than geostationary sensors. The Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite ( GOES) series has the advantage of excellent temporal resolution, so that the evolution of thunderstorm-cloud-top properties can be monitored. In this paper, the authors discuss the development of a simple ice cloud effective radius retrieval for thick ice clouds using three bands from the GOES imager: one each in the visible, shortwave infrared, and window infrared portion of the spectrum. It is shown that this retrieval compares favorably to the MODIS effective radius algorithm. In addition, a comparison of the retrieval for clouds viewed simultaneously from GOES-East and GOES-West reveals that the assumed ice-scattering properties perform very well. The algorithm is then used to produce maps of mean ice cloud effective radius over the continental United States. A real-time version of this retrieval is currently running and may be used to study the evolution of thunderstorm-top ice crystal size in rapidly evolving convection. C1 [Grasso, Louie] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Lindsey, Daniel T.] NOAA, NESDIS, Reg & Mesoscale Meterol Branch, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Lindsey, DT (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, 1375 Campus Delivery, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM lindsey@cira.colostate.edu RI Lindsey, Dan/F-5607-2010 OI Lindsey, Dan/0000-0002-0967-5683 NR 23 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 47 IS 4 BP 1222 EP 1231 DI 10.1175/2007JAMC1612.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 302RG UT WOS:000255986400019 ER PT J AU Artemev, A Geddes, B Slutsker, J Roytburd, A AF Artemev, A. Geddes, B. Slutsker, J. Roytburd, A. TI Thermodynamic analysis and phase field modeling of domain structures in bilayer ferroelectric thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SOLID-SOLUTION SYSTEM; HETEROSTRUCTURES; SUPERLATTICES AB The domain structure in bilayer ferroelectric films was studied by using an analytical thermodynamic theory and computer simulations utilizing the phase field model. It is demonstrated that in a low applied field, a self-poled state can be produced in a bilayer film with one layer in a polydomain state and the other layer in a single-domain state. The presence of the layer with a polydomain structure results in a higher dielectric constant and lower coercive field as compared to a bilayer in a single-domain state. The increase in the applied field results in the transition to a single-domain state in the whole bilayer. The thermodynamic potentials of the layers and the energies of electrostatic and elastic interactions determine the critical fields which can control the transitions between single-domain and polydomain states as well as polarization switching of bilayers. Different thermodynamic hysteresis loops are obtained depending on the relationship between these critical fields and the amplitude of the applied ac field. The phase field model of the domain structure produces results that confirm main predictions of the analytical theory. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Artemev, A.; Geddes, B.] Carleton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Slutsker, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Roytburd, A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Artemev, A (reprint author), Carleton Univ, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, 1125 Colone4l By Dr, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. EM aartemev@connect.carleton.ca NR 33 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 074104 DI 10.1063/1.2902412 PG 10 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200071 ER PT J AU Burnette, JE Edelstein, AS Fischer, GA Nowak, E Bernard, W Cheng, SF Nordman, C Egelhoff, WF AF Burnette, James E. Edelstein, Alan S. Fischer, G. A. Nowak, E. Bernard, W. Cheng, Shu Fan Nordman, Cathy Egelhoff, W. F., Jr. TI Initial studies on microelectromechanical system flux concentrators SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB To take advantage of the potential offered by the recent increase in the magnetoresistance of magnetic tunnel junctions, it is necessary to address the problem of 1/f noise. ARL has been working on a device, the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) flux concentrator, that mitigates this problem by modulating the sensed magnetic field so that the sensor operates at a higher frequency region where the 1/f noise is smaller. Initial results of testing the device are reported. Though the final step in the fabrication of the device appears to have adversely affected the MEMS motion, two important results were obtained. They are (1) applying the large amplitude voltage at kilohertz frequencies necessary to drive the MEMS structure does not increase the background noise and (2) even though the width of the drive voltage is several hertz, one can demodulate the signal using a lock-in amplifier in order to extract 1 Hz modulation signals. This last result shows that the sensor can be used to detect slow moving or varying magnetic anomalies. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Burnette, James E.; Edelstein, Alan S.; Fischer, G. A.] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Nowak, E.] Univ Delaware, Dept Phys & Astron, Newark, DE 19711 USA. [Bernard, W.] MEMS & Nanotechnol Exchange, Reston, VA 20191 USA. [Cheng, Shu Fan] NRL, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Nordman, Cathy] NVE, Eden Prairie, NM 55344 USA. [Egelhoff, W. F., Jr.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Edelstein, AS (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM edelstein@arl.army.mil NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07E930 DI 10.1063/1.2838480 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200667 ER PT J AU Dennis, CL Jackson, AJ Borchers, JA Ivkov, R Foreman, AR Lau, JW Goernitz, E Gruettner, C AF Dennis, C. L. Jackson, A. J. Borchers, J. A. Ivkov, R. Foreman, A. R. Lau, J. W. Goernitz, E. Gruettner, C. TI The influence of collective behavior on the magnetic and heating properties of iron oxide nanoparticles SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID HYPERTHERMIA; THERAPY; CANCER AB Magnetic nanoparticles with a high specific absorption rate (SAR) have been developed and used in mouse models of cancer. The magnetic nanoparticles are comprised of predominantly iron oxide magnetic cores surrounded by a dextran layer for colloidal stability. The average diameter of a single particle (core plus dextran) is 92 +/- 14 nm as measured by photon correlation spectroscopy. Small angle neutron scattering measurements under several H(2)O/D(2)O contrast conditions and at varying nanoparticle concentrations have revealed three length scales: >10 mu m, several hundred nanometers, and tens of nanometers. The latter corresponds to the particle diameter; the several hundred nanometers corresponds to a hard sphere interaction radius of the core/shell nanoparticles; >10 mu m corresponds to the formation of long-range, many-particle structures held together by magnetic interactions and dextran. The long-range collective magnetic behavior appears to play a major role in enhancing the SAR. For samples having nominally equal concentrations and similar saturation magnetizations, the measured SAR is 1075 W/(g of Fe) for tightly associated nanoparticles and 150 W/(g of Fe) for very loosely associated nanoparticles at an applied field of 86 kA/m (1080 Oe) and 150 kHz. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Dennis, C. L.; Lau, J. W.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, A. J.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jackson, A. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Ivkov, R.; Foreman, A. R.] Triton Biosyst Inc, Chelmsford, MA 01824 USA. [Goernitz, E.] Fraunhofer Inst Angewandte Polymerforsch, D-14476 Potsdam, Germany. [Gruettner, C.] Micromod Partikeltechnol GmbH, D-18119 Rostock, Germany. RP Dennis, CL (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cindi.dennis@nist.gov RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Lau, June/C-7509-2013; Ivkov, Robert/A-3902-2015 OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Ivkov, Robert/0000-0002-2930-5276 NR 13 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07A319 DI 10.1063/1.2837647 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200127 ER PT J AU Gilmore, K Idzerda, YU Stiles, MD AF Gilmore, K. Idzerda, Y. U. Stiles, M. D. TI Spin-orbit precession damping in transition metal ferromagnets (invited) SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID RELAXATION; RESONANCE AB We provide a simple explanation, based on an effective field, for the precession damping rate due to the spin-orbit interaction. Previous effective field treatments of spin-orbit damping include only variations of the state energies with respect to the magnetization direction, an effect referred to as the breathing Fermi surface. Treating the interaction of the rotating spins with the orbits as a perturbation, we include also changes in the state populations in the effective field. In order to investigate the quantitative differences between the damping rates of iron, cobalt, and nickel, we compute the dependence of the damping rate on the density of states and the spin-orbit parameter. There is a strong correlation between the density of states and the damping rate. The intraband terms of the damping rate depend on the spin-orbit parameter cubed, while the interband terms are proportional to the spin-orbit parameter squared. However, the spectrum of band spacings is also an important quantity and does not appear to depend in a simple way on material parameters. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Gilmore, K.; Stiles, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gilmore, K.; Idzerda, Y. U.] Montana State Univ, Dept Phys, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. RP Gilmore, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM keith.gilmore@nist.gov RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Gilmore, Keith/D-5426-2013 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; NR 23 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07D303 DI 10.1063/1.2832348 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200424 ER PT J AU Heiliger, C Czerner, M Yavorsky, BY Mertig, I Stiles, MD AF Heiliger, Christian Czerner, Michael Yavorsky, Bogdan Yu. Mertig, Ingrid Stiles, Mark D. TI Implementation of a nonequilibrium Green's function method to calculate spin-transfer torque SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB We present an implementation of the steady state Keldysh approach in a Green's function multiple scattering scheme to calculate the nonequilibrium spin density. This density is used to obtain the spin-transfer torque in junctions showing the magnetoresistance effect. We use our implementation to study the spin-transfer torque in metallic Co/Cu/Co junctions. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Heiliger, Christian; Stiles, Mark D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heiliger, Christian] Univ Maryland, Maryland Nanoctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Czerner, Michael; Yavorsky, Bogdan Yu.; Mertig, Ingrid] Univ Halle Wittenberg, Dept Phys, D-06099 Halle, Germany. RP Heiliger, C (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christian.heiliger@nist.gov RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 10 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07A709 DI 10.1063/1.2835071 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200142 ER PT J AU Kirby, BJ Borchers, JA Liu, X Ge, Z Cho, YJ Dobrowolska, M Furdyna, JK AF Kirby, B. J. Borchers, J. A. Liu, X. Ge, Z. Cho, Y. J. Dobrowolska, M. Furdyna, J. K. TI Magnetization reversal of Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As layers separated by a nonmagnetic spacer SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID INTERLAYER EXCHANGE; TRILAYER STRUCTURES; SUPERLATTICES; FERROMAGNETISM AB We have used polarized neutron reflectometry to individually examine the magnetization reversals of ferromagnetic Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As layers separated by a nonmagnetic GaAs spacer layer of varying thickness. For each of the samples studied, the top Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As layer is adjacent to a Be-doped Al(0.25)Ga(0.75)As capping layer on one side and the GaAs spacer on the other, while the bottom Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As layer is surrounded by GaAs on either side. For samples with spacer thicknesses of 12 and 6 nm, antiparallel alignment of the two Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As layer magnetizations was observed at multiple fields, implying that hole doping from the capping layer strongly affects the coercivity of the top Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As layer but has a weaker effect on the coercivity of the bottom Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As layer. However, for a spacer thickness of 3 nm, both top and bottom Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As layers appear to be equally influenced by the capping layer, as virtually identical coercivities were observed. This behavior is evidence of coupling between the Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As layers across the 3 nm GaAs spacer. C1 [Kirby, B. J.; Borchers, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, X.; Ge, Z.; Cho, Y. J.; Dobrowolska, M.; Furdyna, J. K.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Kirby, BJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.kirby@nist.gov RI Cho, YongJin/A-1143-2013 NR 21 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07D116 DI 10.1063/1.2838236 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200396 ER PT J AU Liou, SH Zhang, R Russek, SE Yuan, L Halloran, ST Pappas, DP AF Liou, S. H. Zhang, Rui Russek, Stephen E. Yuan, L. Halloran, Sean T. Pappas, David P. TI Dependence of noise in magnetic tunnel junction sensors on annealing field and temperature SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID FLUCTUATIONS AB The minimum detectable field of magnetoresistive sensors is limited by their intrinsic noise. Magnetization fluctuations are one of the crucial noise sources and are related to the magnetization alignment at the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic interface. In this study, we investigated the low frequency noise of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) annealed in the temperature range from 265 to 305 degrees C and magnetic fields up to 7 T, either in helium or hydrogen environments. Our results indicate that the magnetic fluctuators in these MTJs changed their frequency based on annealing field and temperature. The noise of the MTJs at low frequency can be reduced by annealing in high magnetic field (7 T) and further improved by annealing in a hydrogen environment. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Liou, S. H.; Zhang, Rui] Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Liou, S. H.; Zhang, Rui] Univ Nebraska, Nebraska Ctr Mat & Nanosci, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. [Russek, Stephen E.; Yuan, L.; Halloran, Sean T.; Pappas, David P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Liou, SH (reprint author), Univ Nebraska, Dept Phys & Astron, Lincoln, NE 68588 USA. EM sliou@unl.edu NR 12 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07E920 DI 10.1063/1.2837659 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200657 ER PT J AU McMichael, RD Ross, CA Chuang, VP AF McMichael, Robert D. Ross, C. A. Chuang, Vivian P. TI Thickness dependence of magnetic film edge properties in Ni(80)Fe(20) stripes SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc AB Measurements of "trapped spin wave" edge modes in transversely magnetized stripe arrays of Ni(80)Fe(20) largely confirm previous theoretical predictions for the thickness dependence of the edge saturation field H(sat) and the effective out-of-plane edge anisotropy field H(2). The stripes were patterned using optical interference lithography with film thicknesses in the range from 10 to 65 nm. Large linewidth values for edge modes relative to bulk modes indicate inhomogeneity of the edges. Elimination of an antireflective coating underlayer dramatically decreases the edge mode linewidth without affecting the bulk mode linewidth. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [McMichael, Robert D.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ross, C. A.; Chuang, Vivian P.] MIT, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP McMichael, RD (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rmcmichael@nist.gov RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012 OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X; NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 3 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07C505 DI 10.1063/1.2833314 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200333 ER PT J AU McMichael, RD AF McMichael, Robert D. TI A mean-field model of extrinsic line broadening in ferromagnetic resonance SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID ULTRATHIN FILMS AB A model of ferromagnetic resonance in inhomogeneous films is described, which includes interactions in a mean-field approximation. The mean-field model yields linewidth values that span the range from intrinsic linewidth for strong interactions to fully broadened local resonance linewidths for weak interactions. For weak inhomogeneity, the mean-field model does not follow the quadratic dependence of broadening on inhomogeneity predicted by the two-magnon model. For weakly interacting regions with strong inhomogeneity, the mean-field model fills a gap in the modeling of ferromagnetic resonance spectra where only computationally intensive models have been available previously. C1 NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McMichael, RD (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rmcmichael@nist.gov RI McMichael, Robert/J-8688-2012; OI McMichael, Robert/0000-0002-1372-664X NR 15 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07B114 DI 10.1063/1.2837887 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200190 ER PT J AU O, SY Lee, CG Shapiro, AJ Egelhoff, WF Vaudin, MD Ruglovsky, JL Mallett, J Pong, PWT AF O, Se Young Lee, Chan-Gyu Shapiro, Alexander J. Egelhoff, William F., Jr. Vaudin, Mark D. Ruglovsky, Jennifer L. Mallett, Jonathan Pong, Philip W. T. TI X-ray diffraction study of the optimization of MgO growth conditions for magnetic tunnel junctions SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID ROOM-TEMPERATURE; MAGNETORESISTANCE AB We have carried out a systematic study optimizing the MgO growth via preparation and sputtering conditions and underlayer structures. It was found that to prevent water vapor which is detrimental to MgO (200) growth, the chamber pressure needs to be reduced below 10(-8) Torr. Simple underlayers such as 5 nm CoFeB tend to give better MgO, but we have also succeeded in growing MgO on more complicated underlayers such as 1 Ta/20 Au/5 Co40Fe40B20 and 1 Ta/20 conetic (Ni77Fe14Cu5Mo4)/1.5 Co40Fe40B20 (units in nanometers). We accomplished this by extensive baking of the deposition chamber and use of Ti-getter films. Short sputtering distance and high sputtering power were found to optimize MgO deposition. We found that both preparation and sputtering conditions have important effects on the MgO growth. X-ray diffraction analysis was used as the characterization tool for optimizing the MgO growth conditions. C1 [O, Se Young; Shapiro, Alexander J.; Egelhoff, William F., Jr.; Mallett, Jonathan; Pong, Philip W. T.] NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [O, Se Young; Lee, Chan-Gyu] Changwon Natl Univ, Sch Nano & Adv Mat Engn, Chang Won 641773, Gyeongnam, South Korea. [Vaudin, Mark D.; Ruglovsky, Jennifer L.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.egelhoff@nist.gov; ppong@nist.gov NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 EI 1089-7550 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07A920 DI 10.1063/1.2836405 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200176 ER PT J AU Park, J Watson, SM Furjanic, CM Draganova, DK Eisenberg, SD Tighe, DJ Kienzle, PA Carey, MJ Borchers, JA Sparks, PD Eckert, JC AF Park, Jun Watson, Shannon M. Furjanic, C. M. Draganova, D. K. Eisenberg, S. D. Tighe, D. J. Kienzle, P. A. Carey, M. J. Borchers, J. A. Sparks, P. D. Eckert, J. C. TI Thickness of the pinned layer as a controlling factor in domain wall formation during training in IrMn-based spin valves SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID EXCHANGE BIAS; DEPENDENCE; BILAYERS AB Studies of CoFe-based spin valves with antiferromagnetic IrMn layers as thin as 1.6 nm have demonstrated that a domain wall parallel to the surface develops in the pinned layer after training at the magnetoresistance (MR) maximum. To investigate the effects of domain wall formation on the MR, we have studied the depth profile of the vector magnetization in comparable spin valves, with pinned ferromagnetic (FM) layer thicknesses, from 1 to 15 nm, using polarized neutron reflectivity. At the maximum MR achieved after training, the antiparallel magnetization of the pinned layer, in a 2 nm sample, is reduced to 5% of its saturation value, suggesting the formation of domain walls perpendicular to the surface. In a 9 nm sample, the pinned layer magnetization is instead canted away from the field at the MR maximum. A transition from perpendicular to parallel domain wall formation occurs for pinned layer thicknesses greater than 4 nm, and the magnitude of the maximum MR subsequently depends on the type of domain wall that develops. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Park, Jun; Furjanic, C. M.; Draganova, D. K.; Eisenberg, S. D.; Sparks, P. D.; Eckert, J. C.] Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. [Watson, Shannon M.; Kienzle, P. A.; Borchers, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Tighe, D. J.] Kent State Univ, Dept Comp Sci, Kent, OH 44242 USA. [Carey, M. J.] San Jose Res Ctr, Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. RP Park, J (reprint author), Harvey Mudd Coll, Dept Phys, 301 Platt Blvd, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. EM eckert@hmc.edu NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07C111 DI 10.1063/1.2837506 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200325 ER PT J AU Pong, PWT Dennis, CL Castillo, A Chen, A Egelhoff, WF AF Pong, Philip W. T. Dennis, Cindi L. Castillo, Audie Chen, Andrew Egelhoff, William F., Jr. TI Detection of pinholes in magnetic tunnel junctions by magnetic coupling SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc AB Pinholes in tunnel barriers are detrimental to the performance of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) since they create direct magnetic exchange coupling between the free and pinned magnetic films and may act as current short circuits. A simple and straightforward technique which enables observation of pinholes and distinguishes pinhole coupling from orange-peel coupling would aid greatly in optimizing the performance of MTJs. However, the existing methods for this determination are quite complex and destructive and do not work on complete structures. We have developed a simpler, nondestructive method that works on full MTJ structures which is able to identify whether an observed coupling arises primarily from magnetic exchange coupling through pinholes or from orange-peel coupling. The method is based on the shift in the free layer hysteresis loop at low temperatures. It is well known that the shift in the pinned layer loop at low temperatures is due to the sharp increase of the IrMn pinning strength. If pinholes exist, the free layer loop will also exhibit a shift due to direct exchange coupling. If there are no pinholes, no shift will be observed since orange-peel coupling is magnetostatic and cobalt has essentially no increase in magnetization below 300 K. In this way, a quick diagnosis can be made of whether or not pinholes exist in the MTJ. C1 [Pong, Philip W. T.; Dennis, Cindi L.; Castillo, Audie; Chen, Andrew; Egelhoff, William F., Jr.] NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Egelhoff, WF (reprint author), NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM william.egelhoff@nist.gov NR 6 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07A902 DI 10.1063/1.2829018 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200158 ER PT J AU Pong, PWT Schmoueli, M Li, FF Egelhoff, WF AF Pong, Philip W. T. Schmoueli, Moshe Li, Feifei Egelhoff, William F. TI A new effective method for thermal annealing of magnetic tunnel junctions in air with protective overlayers SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID MAGNETORESISTANCE; OXIDATION; MAGNETOTRANSPORT; BARRIERS; OXIDE AB Thermal annealing is an important process to enhance greatly the tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs). MTJ annealing is conventionally carried out in vacuum below 10(-5) Torr. However, this method involves the cost and complications of using a vacuum furnace. Pumping and venting a chamber are time-consuming; moreover, the sample temperature is difficult to measure accurately and therefore not easy to control. We have developed a method and an instrument to perform thermal annealing of MTJs in air. The method is based on protective overlayers, and the instrument has a simple structure composed of an air heat gun, thermocouple with feedback control, permanent magnets for magnetic field, and a sample holder. The influence of thermal annealing in air on MTJs properties was studied systematically on Al(2)O(3) MTJ samples. The samples are successfully protected from oxidation by using Au/Ru, or Al(2)O(3) films as protective overlayers. The Al(2)O(3) overlayer can be removed easily with NaOH solution. A MgO MTJ sample was annealed with this technique and its TMR increased from 17.5% to 141.3%. C1 [Pong, Philip W. T.; Schmoueli, Moshe; Li, Feifei; Egelhoff, William F.] NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pong, PWT (reprint author), NIST, Magnet Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ppong@nist.gov NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07E937 DI 10.1063/1.2837618 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200674 ER PT J AU Porter, DG Donahue, MJ AF Porter, D. G. Donahue, M. J. TI Precession axis modification to a semianalytical Landau-Lifshitz solution technique SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID MICROMAGNETICS; INTEGRATION; EQUATION AB A recent article [Van de Wiele , IEEE Trans. Magn. 43, 2917 (2007)] presents a semianalytical method to solve the Landau-Lifshitz (LL) equation. Spin motion is computed analytically as precession about the effective field H, where H is assumed fixed over the time step. However, the exchange field dominates at short range and varies at the time scale of neighbor spin precessions, undermining the fixed field assumption. We present an axis corrected version of this algorithm. We add a scalar multiple of m to H (preserving torque and hence the LL solution) to produce a more stable precession axis parallel to the cross product of the torques mxH at two closely spaced time steps. We build a predictor-corrector solver on this foundation. The second order convergence of the solver enables calculation of adjustable time steps to meet a desired error magnitude. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Porter, D. G.; Donahue, M. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Porter, DG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM donald.porter@nist.gov NR 5 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07D920 DI 10.1063/1.2838461 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200500 ER PT J AU Singh, V Seehra, MS Bonevich, J AF Singh, V. Seehra, M. S. Bonevich, J. TI Nickel-silica nanocomposite: Variation of the blocking temperature with magnetic field and measuring frequency SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID PREDICTED TIME-DEPENDENCE; SWITCHING FIELD; PARTICLE; FERRITIN; MODEL AB The variations of the blocking temperature T(B) with measuring frequency f(m) and applied field H are reported for Ni nanoparticles (NPs) embedded in SiO(2) matrix with the nominal composition Ni/SiO(2) (15/85). Transmission electron microscopy of the sol-gel prepared NPs yielded a log-normal distribution with diameter D=3.8(0.2) nm whereas x-ray diffraction data yielded D similar or equal to 3.3 nm. The T(B) versus f(m) variation for f(m)=0.1-1000 Hz fits the equation T(B)=T(a)/ln(f(0)/f(m)) with f(0)=2.6x10(9) Hz and T(a)=270 K whereas T(B) versus H data follows the equation T(B)(H)=33(1-H/H(0))(m) with H(0)=3200 Oe and m=2(3/2) for lower (higher) H. These results are compared with the predictions of the Neel-Brown model of magnetic relaxation in noninteracting NPs. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Singh, V.; Seehra, M. S.] W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. [Bonevich, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Seehra, MS (reprint author), W Virginia Univ, Dept Phys, Morgantown, WV 26506 USA. EM mseehra@wvu.edu OI Singh, vidya/0000-0002-4691-3142 NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07D524 DI 10.1063/1.2834246 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200452 ER PT J AU Theodoropoulou, N Sharma, A Pratt, WP Bass, J Stiles, MD Xiao, J AF Theodoropoulou, N. Sharma, A. Pratt, W. P., Jr. Bass, J. Stiles, M. D. Xiao, Jiang TI Two simple tests for models of current-induced magnetization switching SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID SPIN-TRANSFER-TORQUE; MULTILAYERS; MAGNETORESISTANCE; EXCITATION; JUNCTIONS; REVERSAL AB We describe two simple tests for models of current-induced magnetization switching due to spin-transfer torque in ferromagnetic/nonmagnetic/ferromagnetic (F/N/F) trilayers. The first involves comparing calculated and measured values of the ratio X=Delta I(Cu)/Delta I(CuGe), where Delta I=I(+)-I(-), the difference between switching currents for + and - current directions, when only the N-layer is changed from Cu to a dilute CuGe alloy. The Ge in Cu causes a large increase in elastic scattering (large reduction in mean-free path), but only a smaller increase in spin-orbit scattering (leaving the spin-diffusion length still relatively long). The second involves comparing calculated and measured values of the ratios (I(+)/I(-)) for both Cu and CuGe. Unexpectedly, the most sophisticated models generally fit the first ratio least well at both 295 and 4.2 K. None of the models agree with the ratio (I(+)/I(-)). (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Theodoropoulou, N.; Sharma, A.; Pratt, W. P., Jr.; Bass, J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Fundamental Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Theodoropoulou, N.; Sharma, A.; Pratt, W. P., Jr.; Bass, J.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Sensor Mat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xiao, Jiang] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Theodoropoulou, N (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ctr Fundamental Mat Sci, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM nineta@pa.msu.edu RI Xiao, Jiang/B-1832-2008; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012; Sharma, Amit/K-3151-2012 OI Xiao, Jiang/0000-0002-3245-3579; Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156; NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07A705 DI 10.1063/1.2830970 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200138 ER PT J AU Watson, SM Santos, TS Borchers, JA Moodera, JS AF Watson, S. M. Santos, T. S. Borchers, J. A. Moodera, J. S. TI Relationship between tunnel magnetoresistance and magnetic layer structure in EuO-based tunnel junctions investigated using polarized neutron reflectivity SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 52nd Annual Conference on Magnetism and Magnetic Materials CY NOV 05-09, 2007 CL Tampa, FL SP Phys Conf Inc, IEEE, Magnet Soc ID FILMS AB This paper presents a study of the depth-dependent magnetic structure of a EuO magnetic tunnel junction having a Gd electrode, Si/Cu/EuO/Gd/Al. Related samples that are patterned exhibit large tunneling magnetoresistance as high as 280%. Though Gd has a much higher coercivity than EuO in bulk, magnetometry reveals no "steps" in the hysteresis loop as expected for a true antiparallel alignment of the EuO and Gd layer magnetizations. Using polarized neutron reflectometry to measure the structural and field-dependent magnetic depth profile at 5 K, we determine that the Gd and EuO layers have similar coercivities and that the Gd layer exhibits an anomalously small magnetization at all fields. Polarized neutron reflectometry results also suggest that the chemical density of the Gd layer is not that of bulk Gd. The differences of the structural and magnetic behavior of the Gd layer relative to bulk may be the key in optimizing the tunnel magnetoresistance in these samples. C1 [Watson, S. M.; Borchers, J. A.] NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Santos, T. S.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Santos, T. S.; Moodera, J. S.] MIT, Francis Bitter Natl Magnet Lab, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Watson, SM (reprint author), NIST, NCNR, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shannon.watson@nist.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 103 IS 7 AR 07A719 DI 10.1063/1.2837873 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 289GO UT WOS:000255043200152 ER PT J AU Arguez, A Yu, P O'Brien, JJ AF Arguez, Anthony Yu, Peng O'Brien, James J. TI A new method for time series filtering near endpoints SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURES; OSCILLATION AB Time series filtering (e. g., smoothing) can be done in the spectral domain without loss of endpoints. However, filtering is commonly performed in the time domain using convolutions, resulting in lost points near the series endpoints. Multiple incarnations of a least squares minimization approach are developed that retain the endpoint intervals that are normally discarded due to filtering with convolutions in the time domain. The techniques minimize the errors between the predetermined frequency response function (FRF) - a fundamental property of all filters - of interior points with FRFs that are to be determined for each position in the endpoint zone. The least squares techniques are differentiated by their constraints: 1) unconstrained, 2) equal-mean constraint, and 3) an equal-variance constraint. The equal-mean constraint forces the new weights to sum up to the same value as the predetermined weights. The equal-variance constraint forces the new weights to be such that, after convolved with the input values, the expected time series variance is preserved. The three least squares methods are each tested under three separate filtering scenarios [involving Arctic Oscillation (AO), Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO), and El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) time series] and compared to each other as well as to the spectral filtering method - the standard of comparison. The results indicate that all four methods (including the spectral method) possess skill at determining suitable endpoints estimates. However, both the unconstrained and equal-mean schemes exhibit bias toward zero near the terminal ends due to problems with appropriating variance. The equal-variance method does not show evidence of this attribute and was never the worst performer. The equal-variance method showed great promise in the ENSO project involving a 5-month running mean filter, and performed at least on par with the other realistic methods for almost all time series positions in all three filtering scenarios. C1 [Arguez, Anthony] NOAA, NCDC, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Yu, Peng] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [O'Brien, James J.] Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL USA. RP Arguez, A (reprint author), NOAA, NCDC, CAB 514,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM anthony.arguez@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 EI 1520-0426 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 534 EP 546 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA924.1 PG 13 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 291CF UT WOS:000255169200003 ER PT J AU Shupe, MD Kollias, P Poellot, M Eloranta, E AF Shupe, Matthew D. Kollias, Pavlos Poellot, Michael Eloranta, Edwin TI On deriving vertical air motions from cloud radar Doppler spectra SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LIQUID WATER PATH; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; TURBULENCE STRUCTURE; DRIZZLE PARAMETERS; STRATOCUMULUS; AIRCRAFT; SHEBA; LIDAR AB A method for deriving vertical air motions from cloud radar Doppler spectrum measurements is introduced. The method is applicable to cloud volumes containing small particles, in this case liquid droplets, which are assumed to trace vertical air motions because of their limited size. The presence of liquid droplets is confirmed using multiple ground-based remote sensors. Corrections for Doppler spectrum broadening due to turbulence, wind shear, and radar beamwidth are applied. As a result of the turbulence broadening correction, the turbulent dissipation rate can also be estimated. This retrieval is demonstrated using measurements from the Department of Energy (DOE) Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's (ARM) site in Barrow, Alaska, during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE) of autumn 2004. Comparisons of the retrievals with measurements by research aircraft near Barrow indicate that, on the whole, the retrievals perform well. A small bias in vertical velocity between the retrievals and aircraft measurements is found, based on a statistical comparison of four cases comprising nearly 6 h of data. Turbulent dissipation rate comparisons suggest that the radar-retrieved vertical velocity might be slightly underestimated because of an underestimate of the turbulence broadening correction. However, large uncertainties in aircraft vertical velocity measurements likely impact the comparison. C1 [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kollias, Pavlos] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Poellot, Michael] Univ N Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58201 USA. [Eloranta, Edwin] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI USA. RP Shupe, MD (reprint author), R PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matthew.shupe@noaa.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011 OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982 NR 29 TC 27 Z9 31 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 547 EP 557 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA1007.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 291CF UT WOS:000255169200004 ER PT J AU Su, WY Dutton, E Charlock, TP Wiscombe, W AF Su, Wenying Dutton, Ellsworth Charlock, Thomas P. Wiscombe, Warren TI Performance of commercial radiometers in very low temperature and pressure environments typical of polar regions and of the stratosphere: A laboratory study SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONGWAVE IRRADIANCE UNCERTAINTY; THERMAL OFFSET; RADIATION; PYRGEOMETERS; CALIBRATION AB Characterizing the performance of ground-based commercial radiometers in cold and/or low-pressure environments is critical for developing accurate flux measurements in the polar regions and in the upper troposphere and stratosphere. Commercially available broadband radiometers have a stated operational temperature range of, typically, -20 degrees to +50 degrees C. Within this range, their temperature dependencies of sensitivities change less than 1%. But for deployments on high-altitude platforms or in polar regions, which can be much colder than -20 degrees C, information on temperature dependency of sensitivity is not always available. In this paper, the temperature dependencies of sensitivities of popular pyranometers and pyrgeometers manufactured by Kipp and Zonen were tested in a thermal-vacuum chamber. When their body temperature is lowered to -60 degrees C, pyranometer sensitivity drops by 4%-6% from the factory-default specification. Pyrgeometer sensitivity increases by 13% from the factory-default specification during a similar temperature change. When the chamber pressure is lowered from 830 to 6 hPa, the sensitivity decreases by about 2% for the pyranometer, and increases by about 2% for the pyrgeometer. Note that these temperature and pressure dependencies of sensitivities are specific for the instruments that were tested and should not be applied to others. These findings show that for measurements suitable for climate studies, it is crucial to characterize temperature and/or pressure effects on radiometer sensitivity for deployments on high-altitude platforms and in polar regions. C1 [Su, Wenying; Charlock, Thomas P.] NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. [Su, Wenying] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Hampton, VA USA. [Dutton, Ellsworth] NOAA, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO USA. [Wiscombe, Warren] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. RP Su, WY (reprint author), NASA, Langley Res Ctr, Mail Stop 420, Hampton, VA 23681 USA. EM wenying.su-1@nasa.gov RI Wiscombe, Warren/D-4665-2012 OI Wiscombe, Warren/0000-0001-6844-9849 NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 558 EP 569 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA1005.1 PG 12 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 291CF UT WOS:000255169200005 ER PT J AU Howden, S Gilhousen, D Guinasso, N Walpert, J Sturgeon, M Bender, L AF Howden, Stephan Gilhousen, David Guinasso, Norman Walpert, John Sturgeon, Michael Bender, Les TI Hurricane Katrina winds measured by a buoy-mounted sonic anemometer SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article AB The eye of Hurricane Katrina passed within 49 n mi of an oceanographic observing system buoy in the Mississippi Bight that is part of the Central Gulf of Mexico Ocean Observing System. Although a mechanical anemometer failed on the buoy during the hurricane, a two-axis sonic anemometer survived and provided a complete record of the hurricane's passage. This is the first reported case of a sonic anemometer surviving a hurricane and reporting validated data, and it demonstrates that this type of anemometer is a viable alternative to the mechanical anemometers traditionally used in marine applications. The buoy pitch and roll record during the storm show the importance of compensating the anemometer records for winds oblique to the horizontal plane of the anemometers. This is made apparent in the comparison between the two wind records from the anemometers during the hurricane. C1 [Howden, Stephan] Univ So Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Gilhousen, David] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Guinasso, Norman; Walpert, John; Bender, Les] Texas A&M Univ, College Stn, TX USA. [Sturgeon, Michael] NOAA NWS FSOC OSB, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Howden, S (reprint author), Univ So Mississippi, Dept Marine Sci, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM stephan.howden@usm.edu RI Guinasso, Norman/D-3567-2012 OI Guinasso, Norman/0000-0003-2271-8550 NR 12 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 607 EP 616 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHO518.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 291CF UT WOS:000255169200009 ER PT J AU Tai, CK AF Tai, Chang-Kou TI On the aliasing and resolving power of sea level low-pass filtered onto a regular grid from along-track altimeter data of uncoordinated satellites: The smoothing strategy SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE AB It is shown that smoothing (low-pass filtering) along-track altimeter data of uncoordinated satellites onto a regular space-time grid helps reduce the overall energy level of the aliasing from the aliasing levels of the individual satellites. The rough rule of thumb is that combining N satellites reduces the energy of the overall aliasing to 1/N of the average aliasing level of the N satellites. Assuming the aliasing levels of these satellites are roughly of the same order of magnitude (i.e., assuming that no special signal spectral content significantly favors one satellite over others at certain locations), combining data from uncoordinated satellites is clearly the right strategy. Moreover, contrary to the case of coordinated satellites, this reduction of aliasing is not achieved by the enhancement of the overall resolving power. In fact (by the strict definition of the resolving power as the largest bandwidths within which a band-limited signal remains free of aliasing), the resolving power is reduced to its smallest possible extent. If one characterizes the resolving power of each satellite as a spectral space within which all band-limited signals are resolved by the satellite, then the combined resolving power of the N satellite is characterized by the spectral space that is the intersection of all N spectral spaces (i.e., the spectral space that is common to all the resolved spectral spaces of the N satellites, hence the smallest). It is also shown that the least squares approach is superior to the smoothing approach in reducing the aliasing and upholding the resolving power of the raw data. To remedy one of the shortcomings of the smoothing approach, the author recommends a multismoother smoothing strategy that tailors the smoother to the sampling characteristics of each satellite. Last, a strategy based on the least squares approach is also described for combining data from uncoordinated satellites. C1 NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Tai, CK (reprint author), NOAA NESDIS, E RA3,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM ck.tai@noaa.gov RI Tai, C.K./F-5628-2010 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 25 IS 4 BP 617 EP 624 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHO514.1 PG 8 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 291CF UT WOS:000255169200010 ER PT J AU Ford, C Qasirn, T Bush, MB Hu, X Shah, MM Saxena, VP Lawn, BR AF Ford, Chris Qasirn, Tarek Bush, Mark B. Hu, Xiaozhi Shah, Mahek M. Saxena, Vibhu P. Lawn, Brian R. TI Margin failures in crown-like brittle structures: Off-axis loading SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE all-ceramic crowns; lunar cracks; crown failure; soft indenters; stress analysis ID CERAMIC DENTAL RESTORATIONS; CONTACT DAMAGE; LAYER STRUCTURES; SURVIVAL; FRACTURE; TOOTH AB The effect of off-axis loading of compliant indenters on the initiation of cracks at the margins of dental crown-like dome structures consisting of glass shells back-filled with an epoxy resin is examined. As in previous studies on similar structures but with strictly axial loading, cracks can be made to initiate and propagate from the margins around the dome faces into a "semi-lunar" fracture pattern characteristic of some all-ceramic crown failures. In this study, balsa wood and tenon disk indenters are used to provide the off-axis loading, at 45 degrees to the dome axis. The soft indenters, considered representative of food bolus, spread the contact at the top surface, suppressing otherwise dominant radial cracks that ordinarily initiate at the dome undersurface directly along the load axis beneath harder indenters. Finite element modeling is used to show that off-axis loading dramatically increases the tensile stresses at the near-side dome margin, strongly diminishing the loads required to generate the lunar fracture mode. (c) 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Lawn, Brian R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ford, Chris; Qasirn, Tarek; Bush, Mark B.; Hu, Xiaozhi] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech Engn, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. [Shah, Mahek M.; Saxena, Vibhu P.] Indian Inst Technol, Dept Mech Engn, Madras 600036, Tamil Nadu, India. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM briain.lawn@nist.gov RI Hu, Xiaozhi /H-4353-2011 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE10976] NR 13 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1552-4973 EI 1552-4981 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD APR PY 2008 VL 85B IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.30911 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 280SB UT WOS:000254445400004 PM 17696145 ER PT J AU Tewari, YB Vanderah, DJ Schantz, MM Goldberg, RN Rozzell, JD Liebman, JF Hui, RWM Nissenbaum, Y Parniani, AR AF Tewari, Yadu B. Vanderah, David J. Schantz, Michele M. Goldberg, Robert N. Rozzell, J. David Liebman, Joel F. Hui, Raymond Wai-Man Nissenbaum, Yitzy Parniani, Ahmad Reza TI A thermodynamic study of ketoreductase-catalyzed reactions 5. Reduction of substituted ketones in n-hexane SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE 1-benzyl-4-piperidone; 1-benzyl-3-piperidone; 1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinone; equilibrium constant; enthalpy; ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate; ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate; ketoreductase ID SURFACTANT-COATED LIPASE; NONAQUEOUS SOLVENTS; ORGANIC-SOLVENTS; DERIVATIVES; MEDIA; THERMOCHEMISTRY; RADICALS; ENZYMES; ESTERS; ENERGY AB The equilibrium constants K for the ketoreductase-catalyzed reduction reactions of 1-benzyl-3-pyrrolidinone, ethyl 2-oxo-4-phenylbutyrate, ethyl 4-chloroacetoacetate, 1-benzyl-4-piperidone, and 1-benzyl-3-piperidone were measured in n-hexane at T = 298.15 K by using gas chromatography. The equilibrium constants for the reaction involving 1-benzyl-4-piperidone were also measured as a function of temperature (288.15 to 308.05) K. The calculated thermodynamic quantities for the reaction (1-benzyl-4-piperidone + 2-propanol = 1-benzyl-4-hydroxypiperidine + acetone) reaction carried out in n-hexane at T = 298.15 K are: K = (26.2 +/- 1.7); Delta(r)G(m)degrees = -(8.10 +/- 0.16) kJ . mol(-1); Delta H-r(m)degrees = -(3.44 +/- 0.42) kJ . mol(-1); and Delta S-r(m)degrees = (15.6 +/- 1.4) J . K-1 . mol(-1). The chirality of the hydroxyl products of the reactions (1)-(3) and (5)has also been investigated. The results showed that the stereoselectivity of the hydroxyl products formed can be controlled by the selection of the solvent and enzyme used in these reactions. The thermochemical results for these reactions are compared with the results for reactions that have analogous structural features as well as with the results of quantum chemical calculations. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Tewari, Yadu B.; Vanderah, David J.; Schantz, Michele M.; Goldberg, Robert N.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biochem Sci & Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rozzell, J. David] Codexis Inc, Pasadena, CA 91106 USA. [Liebman, Joel F.; Hui, Raymond Wai-Man; Nissenbaum, Yitzy; Parniani, Ahmad Reza] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Chem & Biochem, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. RP Tewari, YB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biochem Sci & Analyt Chem Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yadu.tewari@nist.gov; david.vanderah@nist.gov; michele.schantz@nist.gov; robert.goldberg@nist.gov; david.rozzell@codexis.com; jliebman@umbc.edu NR 37 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD APR PY 2008 VL 40 IS 4 BP 661 EP 670 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2007.10.011 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 309ET UT WOS:000256444200016 ER PT J AU Chen, CT Knutson, T AF Chen, Cheng-Ta Knutson, Thomas TI On the verification and comparison of extreme rainfall indices from climate models SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID DAILY PRECIPITATION CHARACTERISTICS; REGIONAL CLIMATE; FUTURE CHANGES; UNITED-STATES; GRID-BOX; TRENDS; SIMULATIONS; TEMPERATURE; EVENTS; VARIABILITY AB The interpretation of model precipitation output (e.g., as a gridpoint estimate versus as an areal mean) has a large impact on the evaluation and comparison of simulated daily extreme rainfall indices from climate models. It is first argued that interpretation as a gridpoint estimate (i.e., corresponding to station data) is incorrect. The impacts of this interpretation versus the areal mean interpretation in the context of rainfall extremes are then illustrated. A high-resolution (0.25 degrees X 0.25 degrees grid) daily observed precipitation dataset for the United States [from Climate Prediction Center (CPC)] is used as idealized perfect model gridded data. Both 30-yr return levels of daily precipitation (P-30) and a simple daily intensity index are substantially reduced in these data when estimated at coarser resolution compared to the estimation at finer resolution. The reduction of P-30 averaged over the conterminous United States is about 9 %, 15 %, 28 %, 33 %, and 43 % when the data were first interpolated to 0.5 degrees x 0.5 degrees, 1 degrees x 1 degrees, 2 degrees x 2 degrees, 3 degrees x 3 degrees, and 4 degrees X 4 degrees grid boxes, respectively, before the calculation of extremes. The differences resulting from the point estimate versus areal mean interpretation are sensitive to both the data grid size and to the particular extreme rainfall index analyzed. The differences are not as sensitive to the magnitude and regional distribution of the indices. Almost all Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) models underestimate U.S. mean P-30 if it is compared directly with P-30 estimated from the high-resolution CPC daily rainfall observation. On the other hand, if CPC daily data are first interpolated to various model resolutions before calculating the P-30 (a more correct procedure in our view), about half of the models show good agreement with observations while most of the remaining models tend to overestimate the mean intensity of heavy rainfall events. A further implication of interpreting model precipitation output as an areal mean is that use of either simple multimodel ensemble averages of extreme rainfall or of intermodel variability measures of extreme rainfall to assess the common characteristics and range of uncertainties in current climate models is not appropriate if simulated extreme rainfall is analyzed at a model's native resolution. Owing to the large sensitivity to the assumption used, the authors recommend that for analysis of precipitation extremes, investigators interpret model precipitation output as an area average as opposed to a point estimate and then ensure that various analysis steps remain consistent with that interpretation. C1 [Chen, Cheng-Ta] Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, Taipei 116, Taiwan. [Knutson, Thomas] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Chen, CT (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Normal Univ, Dept Earth Sci, 88 Sect 4,Ting Chou Rd, Taipei 116, Taiwan. EM chen@rain.geos.ntnu.edu.tw NR 48 TC 80 Z9 80 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 7 BP 1605 EP 1621 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1494.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 288RR UT WOS:000255004000010 ER PT J AU Lee, JJW Kwon, JY Bhowmick, S Lloyd, IK Rekow, ED Lawn, BR AF Lee, J. J. -W. Kwon, J. -Y. Bhowmick, S. Lloyd, I. K. Rekow, E. D. Lawn, B. R. TI Veneer vs. core failure in adhesively bonded all-ceramic crown layers SO JOURNAL OF DENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE adhesive joining; glass; occlusal loading; veneer failure; core failure ID FRACTURE MODES; INTERLAYER; DESIGN; RESTORATIONS; COATINGS AB Joining a brittle veneer to a strong ceramic core with an adhesive offers potential benefits over current fabrication methods for all-ceramic crowns. We tested the hypothesis that such joining can withstand subsurface radial cracking in the veneer, from enhanced flexure in occlusal loading, as well as in the core. Critical conditions to initiate fractures were investigated in model crown-like layer structures consisting of glass veneers epoxy-joined onto alumina or zirconia cores, all bonded to a dentin-like polymer base. The results showed a competition between critical loads for radial crack initiation in the veneers and cores. Core radial cracking was relatively independent of adhesive thickness. Zirconia cores were much less susceptible to fracture than alumina, attributable to a relatively high strength and low modulus. Veneer cracking did depend on adhesive thickness. However, no significant differences in critical loads for veneer cracking were observed for specimens containing alumina or zirconia cores. C1 [Lee, J. J. -W.; Bhowmick, S.; Lawn, B. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kwon, J. -Y.] Changwon Natl Univ, Sch Nano & Adv Mat Engn, Chang Won, Kyung Nam, South Korea. [Lloyd, I. K.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Rekow, E. D.] NYU, Coll Dent, New York, NY 10010 USA. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.lawn@nist.gov RI Lloyd, Isabel/B-1513-2012 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [P01 DE10976] NR 21 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 7 PU INT AMER ASSOC DENTAL RESEARCHI A D R/A A D R PI ALEXANDRIA PA 1619 DUKE ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-3406 USA SN 0022-0345 J9 J DENT RES JI J. Dent. Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 87 IS 4 BP 363 EP 366 PG 4 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine GA 292ZB UT WOS:000255303500013 PM 18362320 ER PT J AU Sandnes, E Williams, ME Vaudin, MD Stafford, GR AF Sandnes, E. Williams, M. E. Vaudin, M. D. Stafford, G. R. TI Equi-axed grain formation in electrodeposited Sn-Bi SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Recent Developments in Semiconductor, Electro Optic and Radio Frequency Materials and Metrologies for Advanced Materials and Devices CY FEB, 2007 CL Orlando, FL SP Thin Film & Interfaces Comm, Elect Magnet & Photon Mat Div DE Sn whiskers; electrodeposition; creep; solder; Pb-free ID ROTATING-DISK ELECTRODE; SULFONIC-ACID SOLUTIONS; TIN-LEAD ALLOY; WHISKER; PB; MICROSTRUCTURE; KINETICS; BATH AB Sn is widely used as a coating in the electronics industry because it provides excellent solderability, ductility, electrical conductivity, and corrosion resistance. However, Sn whiskers have been observed to grow spontaneously from Sn electrodeposits and are known to cause short circuits in fine-pitched pre-tinned electrical components. We report here a deposition strategy that produces an equi-axed and size-tunable grain structure in Sn-Bi alloys electrodeposited from a commercial bright Sn electrolyte. An equi-axed grain structure should allow a more uniform creep to relieve compressive stress with no localized surface disturbance. The standard potential for Bi is about 0.45 V more positive than Sn. Pulsed deposition can selectively turn on and off the Sn deposition reaction. During the off cycle, a displacement reaction between metallic Sn on the electrode surface and Bi3+ in solution selectively dissolves Sn and deposits Bi, effectively terminating the growth from the previous cycle and forcing the Sn to nucleate a new grain on the Bi-enriched surface. The grain size is tunable by varying the pulsing conditions, and an equi-axed structure can be obtained with as little as 3 at.% Bi. This surface enrichment of Bi by potential modulation is similar to that which occurs naturally in Sn-Pb, and provides an avenue for breaking up the columnar grain structure inherent to pure Sn, thus providing an additional diffusion path for Sn that may prevent whisker growth. C1 [Sandnes, E.; Williams, M. E.; Stafford, G. R.] NIST, MSEL, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vaudin, M. D.] NIST, MSEL, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sandnes, E (reprint author), NIST, MSEL, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gery.stafford@nist.gov NR 20 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD APR PY 2008 VL 37 IS 4 BP 490 EP 497 DI 10.1007/s11664-007-0369-0 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 268HZ UT WOS:000253572200016 ER PT J AU Trevino, SF Wiegand, DA AF Trevino, S. F. Wiegand, D. A. TI Mechanically induced damage in composite plastic-bonded explosives: A small angle neutron and X-ray study SO JOURNAL OF ENERGETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE binder; coating; composite; damage; deformed; filler; fracture; neutron; particle size; porosity; scattering; X-ray AB The principle ingredient of plastic-bonded explosives, the filler explosive, is usually a crystalline material that releases substantial chemical energy when made to react (burn or detonate). A second material, the binder, which is usually an amorphous substance, is added as a minor constituent, one of whose purposes is to coat the filler in order to prevent frictional heat generation during the application of strain. It is important to know the condition of these materials in the composite as formulated and their response to deformation. Small angle neutron and X-ray scattering is used to determine the specific surface area of the interface between (a) filler and binder and (b) the pores. Two radiations are used in order to obtain sufficient contrast variation for the solution (although not unique) of a three-parameter problem. The results strongly suggest that the binder quite effectively performs the intended role. The results also indicate that in heavily mechanically damaged samples the filler particles are fractured and that most of the new fracture surfaces are coated with binder. C1 [Wiegand, D. A.] ARDEC, Armaments Engn & Technol Ctr, Energet & Warheads Div, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. [Trevino, S. F.] USA, Res Labs, Weap & Mat Res Directorate, Bethesda, MD USA. [Trevino, S. F.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wiegand, DA (reprint author), ARDEC, Armaments Engn & Technol Ctr, Energet & Warheads Div, Bldg 3022, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ 07806 USA. EM donald.wiegand@us.army.mil NR 9 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0737-0652 J9 J ENERG MATER JI J. Energ. Mater. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 26 IS 2 BP 79 EP 101 DI 10.1080/07370650701801705 PG 23 WC Chemistry, Applied; Chemistry, Physical; Engineering, Chemical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Engineering; Materials Science GA 283SB UT WOS:000254655700001 ER PT J AU Baldwin, RE Miller, TW Brodeur, RD Jacobson, KC AF Baldwin, R. E. Miller, T. W. Brodeur, R. D. Jacobson, K. C. TI Expanding the foraging history of juvenile Pacific salmon: combining stomach-content and macroparasite-community analyses for studying marine diets SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE food transmitted parasites; ocean ecology; salmon ID NORTHERN CALIFORNIA CURRENT; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; COHO SALMON; LECITHASTER-GIBBOSUS; FEEDING CHRONOLOGY; LIFE-HISTORY; FOOD-HABITS; PARASITES; FISH; CHINOOK AB Stomach contents and macroparasites were examined from the same fishes collected off Oregon and California in June and August of 2000 and 2002 to provide a more comprehensive description of the diet of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha and coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch during their first few months at sea. Temporal and spatial similarities of the two data sets were assessed using multivariate analyses. Both stomach contents and macroparasite communities indicated that fishes, euphausiids and hyperiid amphipods were consumed by both salmonid species, although their relative contribution to each species diet was highly variable. In June, the greater abundances of parasite species in Chinook salmon compared to coho salmon suggested that Chinook salmon consumed more infected intermediate hosts (crustaceans or larval fishes) shortly after ocean entry (April and May). Although the macroparasite analysis lacked the specificity of stomach analysis in identifying prey, macroparasites can provide a longer term history of feeding and diet information for fishes with empty stomachs. (c) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 [Baldwin, R. E.; Miller, T. W.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, R. D.; Jacobson, K. C.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Northwest Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Baldwin, RE (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM rebecca.baldwin@oregonstate.edu NR 50 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 17 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1268 EP 1294 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01792.x PG 27 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285XJ UT WOS:000254809200003 ER PT J AU Mercaldo-Allen, R Kuropat, C Caldarone, EM AF Mercaldo-Allen, R. Kuropat, C. Caldarone, E. M. TI An RNA : DNA-based growth model for young-of-the-year winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum) SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE growth; juvenile; RNA : DNA ratio; winter founder ID NORTHEASTERN US ESTUARIES; DRUM SCIAENOPS-OCELLATUS; JUVENILE SUMMER FLOUNDER; REARED JAPANESE FLOUNDER; ASSESS HABITAT QUALITY; TAUTOG TAUTOGA-ONITIS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; NUCLEIC-ACID; MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; PARALICHTHYS-OLIVACEUS AB A laboratory calibration experiment was conducted to determine the relationship between nucleic acid-based variables and growth rate in young-of-the-year winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus. Three temperatures and three feeding levels were used to produce a variety of growth rates. Nucleic acid analyses were conducted on white muscle tissue using an ultraviolet absorption assay. RNA concentration (mu g mg(-1) wet tissue mass) and the ratio of RNA:DNA (R-RD) were positively correlated with a mass-based instantaneous growth coefficient (G(M)) (r = 0.42 and 0.72, respectively). Fifty-one per cent of the variability in growth rate was explained by the simple linear regression G(M) = -0.02615 + 0.00848R(RD) (P < 0.001). This model can be used to estimate recent growth rates for early juvenile winter flounder (27-52 mm standard length) at temperatures ranging from 11 to 24 degrees C. (c) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 [Mercaldo-Allen, R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Caldarone, E. M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett Lab, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP Mercaldo-Allen, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NEFSC, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM rmercald@clam.mi.nmfs.gov NR 43 TC 12 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 6 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 6 BP 1321 EP 1331 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01798.x PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285XJ UT WOS:000254809200006 ER PT J AU Zhao, TXP Laszlo, I Guo, W Heidinger, A Cao, C Jelenak, A Tarpley, D Sullivan, J AF Zhao, Tom X.-P. Laszlo, Istvan Guo, Wei Heidinger, Andrew Cao, Changyong Jelenak, Aleksandar Tarpley, Dan Sullivan, Jerry TI Study of long-term trend in aerosol optical thickness observed from operational AVHRR satellite instrument SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; SULFUR-DIOXIDE EMISSIONS; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHM; HILBERT SPECTRUM; SOLAR-RADIATION; DUST TRANSPORT; CHANNELS; OCEAN; MODIS; PERIOD AB The long-term trend of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) over the global oceans has been studied by using a nearly 25-year aerosol record from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) Pathfinder Atmosphere extended (PATMOS-x) data set. Both global and regional analyses have been performed to derive the AOT tendencies for monthly, seasonal, and annual mean AOT values at AVHRR 0.63 mu m channel (or Channel-1). A linear decadal change of -0.01 is obtained for globally and monthly averaged aerosol optical thickness, tau(1), of AVHRR Channel-1. This negative tendency is even more evident for globally and annually averaged tau(1) and the magnitude can be up to -0.03/decade. Seasonal patterns in the AOT regional long-term trend are evident. In general, negative tendencies are observed for seasonally averaged tau(1) in regions influenced by emissions from industrialized countries and the magnitude can be up to -0.10/decade. Positive tendencies are observed in regions influenced by emissions from fast developing countries and the magnitude can be up to +0.04/decade. For regions heavily influenced by Saharan desert particles, a negative trend with a maximum magnitude of -0.03/decade is detected. However, over regions influenced by smoke from biomass burning, positive tendencies with a maximum magnitude of +0.04/decade are observed. Sensitivity analyses have also been performed to study the effects of radiance calibration, aerosol retrieval algorithm, and spatial resolution of input retrieval radiances on the global aerosol long-term tendencies. C1 [Zhao, Tom X.-P.] UMCP, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Guo, Wei; Jelenak, Aleksandar] IM Syst Grp Inc, Kensington, MD 20895 USA. [Laszlo, Istvan; Heidinger, Andrew; Cao, Changyong; Tarpley, Dan; Sullivan, Jerry] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Zhao, TXP (reprint author), UMCP, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM xuepeng.zhao@noaa.gov RI Heidinger, Andrew/F-5591-2010; Laszlo, Istvan/F-5603-2010; Jelenak, Aleksandar/F-5595-2010; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Guo, Wei/E-7934-2011 OI Heidinger, Andrew/0000-0001-7631-109X; Laszlo, Istvan/0000-0002-5747-9708; Guo, Wei/0000-0003-3253-9441 NR 53 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D7 AR D07201 DI 10.1029/2007JD009061 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 284OY UT WOS:000254716900002 ER PT J AU Bilich, A Larson, KM Axelrad, P AF Bilich, Andria Larson, Kristine M. Axelrad, Penina TI Modeling GPS phase multipath with SNR: Case study from the Salar de Uyuni, Boliva SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM; CARRIER; NOISE AB Multipath, wherein a signal arrives at the receiving antenna by more than one path, is a significant and largely unmodeled source of GPS positioning error. We present a technique for mitigating specular multipath in GPS carrier phase measurements using the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), in which the frequency and amplitude content of non-stationary oscillations in SNR are modeled to extract multipath parameters ( direct and reflected signal amplitudes, and the phase difference between direct and indirect signals). The frequency content of SNR data is estimated using wavelet analysis, then used to initialize an adaptive least squares process to solve for time-varying multipath parameters. Multipath corrections derived from these parameters are applied to the phase observables. We demonstrate this technique using campaign GPS data collected over a large salt flat ( Salar de Uyuni), specifically a tripod-mounted station which experienced long-period (300-2000 s) multipath oscillations in SNR from ground reflections. By contrasting position solutions before and after applying multipath corrections, we demonstrate a reduction in carrier phase postfit residual RMS of up to 20% for static positioning, and 1-7 dB reduction in spectral power at multipath periods for kinematic positions. C1 [Bilich, Andria] NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Larson, Kristine M.; Axelrad, Penina] Univ Colorado, Dept Aerosp Engn Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bilich, A (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, 325 Broadway,E-GC2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM andria.bilich@noaa.gov NR 30 TC 14 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD APR 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B4 AR B04401 DI 10.1029/2007JB005194 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 284PM UT WOS:000254718300001 ER PT J AU Lundquist, JD Neiman, PJ Martner, B White, AB Gottas, DJ Ralph, FM AF Lundquist, Jessica D. Neiman, Paul J. Martner, Brooks White, Allen B. Gottas, Daniel J. Ralph, F. Martin TI Rain versus snow in the Sierra Nevada, California: Comparing Doppler profiling radar and surface observations of melting level SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; ON-SNOW; CLOUD MODEL; AIR-FLOW; PRECIPITATION; SENSITIVITY; EVENTS; LAYER; PARAMETERIZATION; PREDICTION AB The maritime mountain ranges of western North America span a wide range of elevations and are extremely sensitive to flooding from warm winter storms, primarily because rain falls at higher elevations and over a much greater fraction of a basin's contributing area than during a typical storm. Accurate predictions of this rain-snow line are crucial to hydrologic forecasting. This study examines how remotely sensed atmospheric snow levels measured upstream of a mountain range (specifically, the bright band measured above radar wind profilers) can be used to accurately portray the altitude of the surface transition from snow to rain along the mountain's windward slopes, focusing on measurements in the Sierra Nevada, California, from 2001 to 2005. Snow accumulation varies with respect to surface temperature, diurnal cycles in solar radiation, and fluctuations in the free-tropospheric melting level. At 1.5 degrees C, 50% of precipitation events fall as rain and 50% as snow, and on average, 50% of measured precipitation contributes to increases in snow water equivalent (SWE). Between 2.5 degrees and 3 degrees C, snow is equally likely to melt or accumulate, with most cases resulting in no change to SWE. Qualitatively, brightband heights (BBHs) detected by 915-MHz profiling radars up to 300 km away from the American River study basin agree well with surface melting patterns. Quantitatively, this agreement can be improved by adjusting the melting elevation based on the spatial location of the profiler relative to the basin: BBHs decrease with increasing latitude and decreasing distance to the windward slope of the Sierra Nevada. Because of diurnal heating and cooling by radiation at the mountain surface, BBHs should also be adjusted to higher surface elevations near midday and lower elevations near midnight. C1 [Lundquist, Jessica D.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Neiman, Paul J.; Martner, Brooks; White, Allen B.; Gottas, Daniel J.; Ralph, F. Martin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Martner, Brooks; White, Allen B.; Gottas, Daniel J.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lundquist, JD (reprint author), Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM jdlund@u.washington.edu NR 51 TC 48 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 9 IS 2 BP 194 EP 211 DI 10.1175/2007JHM853.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 287DM UT WOS:000254897100002 ER PT J AU O'Neil, GC Schmidt, DR Miller, NA Ullom, JN Iwrin, KD Williams, A Arnold, GB Ruggiero, ST AF O'Neil, G. C. Schmidt, D. R. Miller, N. A. Ullom, J. N. Iwrin, K. D. Williams, A. Arnold, G. B. Ruggiero, S. T. TI Progress in density of states measurements of Al lightly doped with Mn SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE DE microrefrigerator; normal-insulator-superconductor tunnel junction; implanted superconductor; superconducting density of states ID SUPERCONDUCTOR AB Alloys of Al lightly doped with Mn are tunable superconductors, potentially useful in normal-metal/insulator/superconductor refrigerators. The superconducting transition temperature varies with Mn concentration and the density of states is like a BCS superconductor with a reduced gap. We present results from superconducting tunnel junction measurements that demonstrate the BCS-like density of states. We discuss the limitations of our measurements based upon purity of the materials used to fabricate tunnel junctions, as well as our expectations for new measurements with cleaner materials. C1 [O'Neil, G. C.; Schmidt, D. R.; Miller, N. A.; Ullom, J. N.; Iwrin, K. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Williams, A.; Arnold, G. B.; Ruggiero, S. T.] Univ Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP O'Neil, GC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM oneilg@boulder.nist.gov RI Tomlin, Nathan/A-4927-2009 OI Tomlin, Nathan/0000-0002-8313-9045 NR 6 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 151 IS 1-2 BP 70 EP 75 DI 10.1007/s10909-007-9696-z PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 270CP UT WOS:000253697900010 ER PT J AU Lita, AE Miller, AJ Nam, S AF Lita, A. E. Miller, A. J. Nam, S. TI Energy collection efficiency of tungsten transition-edge sensors in the near-infrared SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE DE single-photon detector; electron-phonon thermal coupling ID DETECTORS AB Single-photon detectors operating at visible and near-infrared wavelengths with high detection efficiency and low noise are a requirement for many quantum-information applications. Detection of visible and near-infrared light at the single-photon level and discrimination between one- and two-photon absorption events place stringent requirements on TES design in terms of heat capacity, thermometry, and optical detection efficiency. Energy loss in the conversion of the photon energy in tungsten TESs to heat degrades the performance of these devices. By fabricating TESs on surface-micromachined Si3N4 membranes we improved the energy collection efficiency by a factor of two, to similar to 80% energy efficiency. C1 [Lita, A. E.; Nam, S.] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Miller, A. J.] Albion Coll, Dept Phys, Albion, MI 49224 USA. RP Lita, AE (reprint author), NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lita@boulder.nist.gov NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 151 IS 1-2 BP 125 EP 130 DI 10.1007/s10909-007-9627-z PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 270CP UT WOS:000253697900018 ER PT J AU Sultan, R Zink, BL Irwin, KD Hilton, GC Ullom, JN Vale, LR AF Sultan, Rubina Zink, B. L. Irwin, K. D. Hilton, G. C. Ullom, J. N. Vale, L. R. TI Design, fabrication, and multiplexing of magnetic calorimeter X-ray detectors with high-efficiency SQUID readout SO JOURNAL OF LOW TEMPERATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Workshop on Low Temperature Detectors CY JUL 22-27, 2007 CL Paris, FRANCE DE Metallic Magnetic Calorimeter (MMC); X-ray detector; low-temperature detectors AB Metallic magnetic calorimeters, where deposited energy is detected by measuring a temperature-dependent magnetization with a low-noise SQUID, remain a promising potential route to X-ray spectrometers with energy resolution approaching 1 eV. In this paper we describe our recent work toward array-compatible, high-resolution MMCs fabricated entirely using thin-film techniques. We describe a meander-style pickup loop designed for good coupling to high-efficiency, low noise SQUIDs, as well as considering various routes to a thin-film paramagnetic sensor. We also briefly overview the most promising technology for multiplexing arrays of non-dissipative metallic magnetic calorimeters. C1 [Sultan, Rubina; Zink, B. L.] Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. [Irwin, K. D.; Hilton, G. C.; Ullom, J. N.; Vale, L. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Zink, BL (reprint author), Univ Denver, Dept Phys & Astron, Denver, CO 80208 USA. EM barry.zink@du.edu OI Zink, Barry/0000-0001-7732-532X NR 9 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER/PLENUM PUBLISHERS PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0022-2291 J9 J LOW TEMP PHYS JI J. Low Temp. Phys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 151 IS 1-2 BP 363 EP 368 DI 10.1007/s10909-007-9656-7 PG 6 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 270CP UT WOS:000253697900059 ER PT J AU Ralph, DC Stiles, MD AF Ralph, D. C. Stiles, M. D. TI Spin transfer torques SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Review DE spin transfer; spin valve; magnetic tunnel junction ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; DOMAIN-WALL MOTION; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL FORMALISM; ELECTRIC-CURRENT; POLARIZED CURRENT; INTERLAYER EXCHANGE; MOMENTUM-TRANSFER; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; GIANT MAGNETORESISTANCE; FERROMAGNETIC LAYERS AB This tutorial article introduces the physics of spin transfer torques in magnetic devices. Our intention is that it be accessible to beginning graduate students. We provide an elementary discussion of the mechanism of spin transfer torque and review the theoretical and experimental progress in this field. This article is meant to set the stage for the articles which follow in this volume of the Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, which focus in more depth on particularly interesting aspects of spin-torque physics and highlight unanswered questions that might be productive topics for future research. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ralph, D. C.] Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Stiles, M. D.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ralph, DC (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM ralph@ccmr.cornell.edu; mark.stiles@nist.gov RI Ralph, Daniel/G-3251-2010; Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 208 TC 615 Z9 616 U1 47 U2 350 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 EI 1873-4766 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR PY 2008 VL 320 IS 7 BP 1190 EP 1216 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.12.019 PG 27 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 280ID UT WOS:000254418600001 ER PT J AU Silva, TJ Rippard, WH AF Silva, T. J. Rippard, W. H. TI Developments in nano-oscillators based upon spin-transfer point-contact devices SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE spin torque; point contact; nano-oscillator; nonlinearity; nonlinear Schroedinger equation; Oersted field; noise; chaos; spin accumulation; linewidth ID MAGNETIC TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; FERROMAGNETIC-RESONANCE; ENVELOPE SOLITONS; POLARIZED CURRENT; THIN-FILMS; TORQUE; EQUATION; DRIVEN; WAVES AB We review the current status of research on microwave nano-oscillators that utilize spin transfer devices with point-contact geometry, with an emphasis on the open questions that still prevent our full understanding of device properties. In particular, we examine those aspects that might affect irreproducibility of device performance. While there is a clear picture of the general principles that underlie the properties of the spin torque nano-oscillator, there are a number of details complicating the picture. We suggest that these details are potentially responsible for adversely affecting uniformity of performance from device to device. These details include (1) nonlinearities, (2) the Oersted field, (3) thermal and deterministic noise sources, and (4) non-uniformity of the spin accumulation. We suggest what role that these details might have in determining spin torque dynamics, and suggest particular avenues of investigation that might clarify whether or not these details are indeed responsible for device variability. This article is one of a series devoted to the subject of spin torque in this issue of the Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Silva, T. J.; Rippard, W. H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Technol Div, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Silva, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Technol Div, Mailcode 814-05,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM silva@boulder.nist.gov RI Silva, Thomas/C-7605-2013 OI Silva, Thomas/0000-0001-8164-9642 NR 63 TC 122 Z9 124 U1 12 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD APR PY 2008 VL 320 IS 7 BP 1260 EP 1271 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.12.022 PG 12 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 280ID UT WOS:000254418600005 ER PT J AU Peterson, VK Stutzman, PE Livingston, RA AF Peterson, Vanessa K. Stutzman, Paul E. Livingston, Richard A. TI Microscopic investigation of modified hydration kinetics in tricalcium silicate paste and mortar strength caused by dicalcium silicate addition SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING AB It was recently revealed that some processes of hydrating tricalcium silicate are altered by the addition of dicalcium silicate. Previous neutron scattering results revealed two critical tri/dicalcium silicate compositions. At one composition, changes in the early time hydration kinetics were observed that result in the formation of more products (reflected in increased 28 day strength), despite dicalcium silicate being essentially unreactive at early times. At the other composition, changes in the early-time hydration kinetics were observed that correspond to reduced strength. The current work uses scanning electron microscope analysis with backscattered electron imaging of 50 day hydrated tri- and dicalcium silicate mortars to reveal that at the former critical composition increased hydration of the tricalcium silicate phase occurs, and at the latter critical composition, the amount of dicalcium silicate reacted is decreased. C1 [Peterson, Vanessa K.] Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. [Stutzman, Paul E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Livingston, Richard A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Peterson, VK (reprint author), Australian Nucl Sci & Technol Org, Bragg Inst, Menai, NSW 2234, Australia. EM vanessa.peterson@ansto.gov.au NR 11 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1015 EP 1019 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0121 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 284DB UT WOS:000254684500019 ER PT J AU Bhowmick, S Melendez-Martinez, JJ Lawn, BR AF Bhowmick, Sanjit Melendez-Martinez, Juan Jos Lawn, Brian R. TI Contact fatigue of silicon SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID PRESSURE CRACK-FIGURES; HIGH-CYCLE FATIGUE; MONOCRYSTALLINE SILICON; POLYCRYSTALLINE SILICON; FRACTURE-TOUGHNESS; SPHERICAL INDENTER; HERTZIAN FRACTURE; MICRO-INDENTATION; STRESS-CORROSION; STRUCTURAL FILMS AB Macroscopic cracks in bulk silicon are generally considered to be immune to fatigue. Here, evidence for pronounced fracture-related fatigue damage in cyclic contact loading of (001) monocrystalline silicon with hard spheres of millimeter-scale radius is presented. The periodic indentation field generates ring cracks around the contact, which proliferate with continued cycling. Copious debris in the form of slabs and particulates is ejected from within the crack walls onto the specimen surface. Continued ejection leads ultimately to large-scale surface removal. The fatigue damage progressively degrades the material strength, more rapidly at higher contact load. Implications concerning the function of silicon devices, including microelectro-mechanical systems, will be briefly discussed. C1 [Bhowmick, Sanjit; Lawn, Brian R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Melendez-Martinez, Juan Jos] Univ Extremadura, Dept Fis, E-06071 Badajoz, Spain. RP Lawn, BR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.lawn@nist.gov RI Melendez, Juan Jose/A-6524-2013 OI Melendez, Juan Jose/0000-0003-1036-6666 NR 43 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 1175 EP 1184 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0149 PG 10 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 284DB UT WOS:000254684500040 ER PT J AU Chen, RI Gallant, ND Smith, JR Kipper, MJ Simon, CG AF Chen, Ruby I. Gallant, Nathan D. Smith, Jack R. Kipper, Matt J. Simon, Carl G., Jr. TI Time-dependent effects of pre-aging polymer films in cell culture medium on cell adhesion and spreading SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE-MATERIALS IN MEDICINE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 21st European Conference on Biomaterials CY SEP 09-13, 2007 CL Brighton, ENGLAND ID SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; OSTEOBLAST ADHESION; ACID); PROLIFERATION; DEGRADATION; INTEGRIN; ENERGY; LINE AB We have tested the hypothesis that cell adhesion and spreading on polymer films are influenced by the amount of time that the polymer films are pre-aged in cell culture medium. Cell adhesion and spreading were assessed after a 6-h culture on poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) films that had been pre-aged in cell culture medium for 30 min, 1, 3 or 7 d. Cell adhesion and spread area were enhanced as the duration of pre-aging PDLLA films in cell culture medium was increased. Materials characterization showed that the hydrophobicity and surface morphology of the PDLLA films changed with increasing length of pre-aging time. These results suggest that cell adhesion and spreading are sensitive to the time-dependent changes in PDLLA hydrophobicity and surface morphology that occur during exposure of the polymer to cell medium for different lengths of time. These results demonstrate that cell response to a degradable, biomedical polymer can change as a function of the amount of time that the polymer is exposed to physiological medium. C1 [Chen, Ruby I.; Gallant, Nathan D.; Smith, Jack R.; Kipper, Matt J.; Simon, Carl G., Jr.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Simon, CG (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carl.simon@nist.gov RI Kipper, Matt/B-6941-2013; OI Kipper, Matt/0000-0002-8818-745X; Gallant, Nathan/0000-0001-6454-7660 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [Y1-DE-1021] NR 26 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0957-4530 J9 J MATER SCI-MATER M JI J. Mater. Sci.-Mater. Med. PD APR PY 2008 VL 19 IS 4 BP 1759 EP 1766 DI 10.1007/s10856-007-3309-x PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 274BG UT WOS:000253976200043 PM 18049876 ER PT J AU Amir, W Durfee, CG Schafer, DN Gibson, EA Kost, L Przekwas, E Jimenez, R Squier, JA AF Amir, W. Durfee, C. G. Schafer, D. N. Gibson, E. A. Kost, L. Przekwas, E. Jimenez, R. Squier, J. A. TI Linear spatio-temporal characterization of a UV microscope objective for nonlinear imaging and spectroscopy by using two-dimensional spectral interferometry SO JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY-OXFORD LA English DT Article DE aberrations; Fourier transform; Hankel transformation; multiphoton microscopy; spectral interferometry; Ultrafast measurement; wave propagation code ID FEMTOSECOND PULSES; TRANSFORM; SYSTEMS; LENSES AB Two-dimensional Fourier transform spectral interferometry is used to characterize the spatio-temporal aberrations of a UV microscope objective. The spatial and temporal profiles of a 420 nm, 38 fs pulse at the focus of a 0.32 NA UV objective are then deduced using a wave propagation code incorporating the measured aberrations. C1 [Amir, W.; Durfee, C. G.; Schafer, D. N.; Przekwas, E.; Squier, J. A.] Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Microintegrated Opt Adv Bioimaging & Control, Dept Phys, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Gibson, E. A.; Kost, L.; Jimenez, R.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Dept Chem & Biochem,UCB 440, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Amir, W (reprint author), Colorado Sch Mines, Ctr Microintegrated Opt Adv Bioimaging & Control, Dept Phys, 1523 Illinois St, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM wamir@mines.edu NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-2720 J9 J MICROSC-OXFORD JI J. Microsc.-Oxf. PD APR PY 2008 VL 230 IS 1 BP 4 EP 8 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2818.2008.01948.x PG 5 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 283CQ UT WOS:000254614600002 PM 18387033 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, R Masiello, T Jariyasopit, N Weber, A Nibler, JW Maki, A Blake, TA Hubler, T AF Kirkpatrick, Robynne Masiello, Tony Jariyasopit, Narumol Weber, Alfons Nibler, Joseph W. Maki, Arthur Blake, Thomas A. Hubler, Timothy TI High resolution infrared spectroscopy of [1.1.1]propellane SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE propellane; high-resolution infrared spectrum; ground state structure and rotational constants; ab initio DFT study; anharmonic frequencies ID ELECTRON MOMENTUM SPECTROSCOPY; SMALL-RING PROPELLANES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRUM; <1.1.1>PROPELLANE; CARBON; BICYCLO<1.1.1>PENTANE; ENERGY; IMPACT; CYCLOPROPANE AB The infrared spectrum of [1.1.1]propellane has been recorded at high resolution (0.002cm(-1)) with individual rovibrational lines resolved for the first time. This initial report presents the ground state constants for this molecule determined from the analysis of five of the eight infrared-allowed fundamentals nu(9)(e'), nu(10)(e'), nu(12)(e'), nu(14) (a2 ''), nu(15) (a(2)''), as well as of several combination bands. In nearly all cases it was found that the upper states of the transitions exhibit some degree of perturbation but, by use of the combination difference method, the assigned frequencies provided over 4000 consistent ground state difference values. Analysis of these gave for the parameters of the ground state the following values, in cm(-1): B-0 = 0.28755833(14), D-J = 1. 1313(5) x 10(-7), D-JK = -1.2633(7) x 10(-7), Hi = 0.72(4) x 10(-13), H-JK = -2.24(13) x 10(-13), and H-KJ = 2.25(15) x 10(-13), where the numbers in parentheses indicate twice the uncertainties in the last quoted digit(s) of the parameters. Gaussian ab initio calculations, especially with the computed anharmonic corrections to some of the spectroscopic parameters, assisted in the assignments of the bands and also provided information on the electron distribution in the bridge-head carbon-carbon bond. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kirkpatrick, Robynne; Jariyasopit, Narumol; Nibler, Joseph W.] Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. [Masiello, Tony; Blake, Thomas A.; Hubler, Timothy] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Weber, Alfons] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nibler, JW (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Dept Chem, Room 101,Gilbert Hall, Corvallis, OR 97332 USA. EM Niblerj@chem.orst.edu NR 54 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 248 IS 2 BP 153 EP 160 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2007.12.009 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 276IR UT WOS:000254135000006 ER PT J AU Montie, EW Garvin, SR Fair, PA Bossart, GD Mitchum, GB Mcfee, WE Speakman, T Starczak, VR Hahn, ME AF Montie, Eric W. Garvin, Scott R. Fair, Patricia A. Bossart, Gregory D. Mitchum, Greg B. McFee, Wayne E. Speakman, Todd Starczak, Victoria R. Hahn, Mark E. TI Blubber morphology in wild Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the southeastern united states: Influence of geographic location, age class, and reproductive state SO JOURNAL OF MORPHOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blubber; adipocyte; pregnancy; lactation; thermoregulation; bottlenose dolphin ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; INDIAN RIVER LAGOON; BALAENOPTERA-PHYSALUS; DELPHINAPTERUS-LEUCAS; CYTOCHROMES P450; ADIPOSE-TISSUE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; FIN WHALES; STRATIFICATION AB This study investigated blubber morphology and correlations of histological measurements with ontogeny, geography, and reproductive state in live, wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the southeastern United States. Surgical skin-blubber biopsies (N = 74) were collected from dolphins during capture-release studies conducted in two geographic locations: Charleston, SC (N = 38) and Indian River Lagoon, FL (N = 36). Histological analysis of blubber revealed stratification into superficial, middle, and deep layers. Adipocytes of the middle blubber were 1.6X larger in Charleston subadults than in Indian River Lagoon subadults (4,590 +/- 340 compared to 2,833 +/- 335 mu m(2) per cell). Charleston subadult dolphins contained higher levels of total blubber lipids than Charleston adult animals (49.3% +/- 1.9% compared to 34.2% +/- 1.7%), and this difference was manifested in more adipocytes in the middle blubber layer (19.2 +/- 0.9 compared to 14.9 +/- 0.5 cells per field). However, dolphins from Indian River Lagoon did not exhibit this pattern, and the adipocyte cell counts of subadults were approximately equal to those of the adults (16.0 +/- 1.4 compared to 13.4 +/- 0.8 cells per field). The colder year-round water temperatures in Charleston compared to Indian River Lagoon may explain these differences. Adipocytes in the deep blubber layer were significantly smaller in lactating and simultaneously pregnant and lactating animals compared to pregnant dolphins (840 +/- 179, 627 +/- 333, and 2,776 +/- 586 mu m(2) per cell, respectively). Total blubber lipid content and adipocyte size in the deep blubber of mothers with calves decreased linearly with calf length. Lactating females may utilize lipids from the deep blubber during periods of increased energetic demands associated with offspring care. This study demonstrates that ontogeny, geography, and reproductive state may influence morphological parameters such as structural fiber densities and adipocyte numbers and sizes, measured in bottlenose dolphin blubber. C1 [Montie, Eric W.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Montie, Eric W.; Garvin, Scott R.; Starczak, Victoria R.; Hahn, Mark E.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.; Mitchum, Greg B.; McFee, Wayne E.; Speakman, Todd] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bossart, Gregory D.] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. RP Montie, EW (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, 140 7th Ave S,Room 2121, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. EM mhahn@whoi.edu OI Hahn, Mark/0000-0003-4358-2082 NR 53 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 27 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0362-2525 J9 J MORPHOL JI J. Morphol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 269 IS 4 BP 496 EP 511 DI 10.1002/jmor.10602 PG 16 WC Anatomy & Morphology SC Anatomy & Morphology GA 285GS UT WOS:000254765900007 PM 18157858 ER PT J AU Tae, G Yang, H Shin, K Satija, SK Torikai, N AF Tae, Giyoong Yang, Hosiling Shin, Kwanwoo Satija, Sushil K. Torikai, Naoya TI X-ray reflectivity study of a transcription-activating factor-derived peptide penetration into the model phospholipid monolayers SO JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE SCIENCE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2nd Workshop on Biophysics of Membrane-Active Peptides CY 2007 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL DE cell-penetrating peptide; DPPC; DPPS; x-ray reflectivity; langmuir; BAM ID HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; LIPID MONOLAYERS; TAT PROTEIN; MECHANISM; HIV-1; DIFFRACTION; DELIVERY; DOMAINS; BINDING AB The penetration of a transcription-activating factor (TAT)-derived, cell-penetration peptide onto 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC) or 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-[phospho-L-serine] (DPPS) monolayer on phosphate-buffered saline subphase was characterized. The surface area at the target pressure increased noticeably by the peptide penetration from the subphase to the phospholipid monolayer, which might suggest a direct penetration of the peptide across the pure phospholipid bilayer membrane. Interestingly, the more significant area increase at 35 mN/m was monitored from DPPC monolayer, contrary to the simple charge interaction: the net neutral DPPC, the net-negative DPPS, and the positive TAT-derived peptides (TDP). X-ray reflectivity measurements as well as the molecular area from pi (surface pressure)-A (area) isotherms suggest that the packing density of DPPS at the target pressure is too high to allow the effective penetration of the peptide into the monolayer and the positively charged peptides can be entrapped at the negative electrostatic well of DPPS headgroup layer, leading to the simple adsorption on the DPPS monolayer instead of penetration into it. Thus, more penetration with less adsorption of the peptide is induced by DPPC monolayer than DPPS monolayer. Copyright (c) 2007 European Peptide Society and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Shin, Kwanwoo] Sogang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Shin, Kwanwoo] Sogang Univ, Program Integrated Biotechnol, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Tae, Giyoong; Yang, Hosiling] GIST, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju, South Korea. [Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Torikai, Naoya] High Energy Accelerator Res Org, Tsukuba, Ibayaki, Japan. RP Shin, K (reprint author), Sogang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 121742, South Korea. EM kwshin@sogang.ac.kr RI Shin, Kwanwoo /C-4979-2012; OI Shin, Kwanwoo/0000-0002-7563-8581 NR 25 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 1075-2617 J9 J PEPT SCI JI J. Pept. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 14 IS 4 BP 461 EP 468 DI 10.1002/psc.948 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 287FC UT WOS:000254901300016 PM 17997505 ER PT J AU Lumpkin, R Speer, KG Koltermann, KP AF Lumpkin, Rick Speer, Kevin G. Koltermann, K. Peter TI Transport across 48 degrees N in the Atlantic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; SUBPOLAR NORTH-ATLANTIC; HEAT-TRANSPORT; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; FRESH-WATER; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; LABRADOR SEA; SURFACE HEAT; FLUXES; MODEL AB Transports across 48 degrees N in the Atlantic Ocean are estimated from five repeat World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) hydrographic lines collected in this region in 1993-2000, from time-varying air-sea heat and freshwater fluxes north of 48 degrees N, and from a synthesis of these two data sources using inverse box model methods. Results from hydrography and air-sea fluxes treated separately are analogous to recently published transport variation studies and demonstrate the sensitivity of the results to either the choice of reference level and reference velocities for thermal wind calculations or the specific flux dataset chosen. In addition, flux-based calculations do not include the effects of subsurface mixing on overturning and transports of specific water masses. The inverse model approach was used to find unknown depth-independent velocities, interior diapycnal fluxes, and adjustments to air-sea fluxes subject to various constraints on the system. Various model choices were made to focus on annually averaged results, as opposed to instantaneous values during the occupation of the hydrographic lines. The results reflect the constraints and choices made in the construction of the model. The inverse model solutions show only marginal, not significantly different temporal changes in the net overturning cell strength and heat transport across 48 degrees N. These small changes are similar to seasonally or annually averaged numerical model simulations of overturning. Significant variability is found for deep transports and air-sea flux quantities in density layers. Put another way, if one ignores the details of layer exchanges, the model can be constrained to produce the same net overturning for each repeat line; however, constraining individual layers to have the same transport for each line fails. Diapycnal fluxes are found to be important in the mean but are relatively constant from one repeat line to the next. Mean air-sea fluxes are modified slightly but are still essentially consistent with either the NCEP data or the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton (NOC) Comprehensive Ocean Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) within error. Modest reductions in air-sea flux uncertainties would give these constraints a much greater impact. Direct transport estimates over broader regions than the western boundary North Atlantic Current are needed to help resolve circulation structure that is important for variability in net overturning. C1 [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, PhOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Speer, Kevin G.] Florida State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Koltermann, K. Peter] Bundesamt Seeschiffahrt & Hydrog, Hamburg, Germany. RP Lumpkin, R (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, PhOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM rick.lumpkin@noaa.gov RI Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; Koltermann, Klaus Peter/D-4817-2014 OI Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; NR 61 TC 35 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 EI 1520-0485 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD APR PY 2008 VL 38 IS 4 BP 733 EP 752 DI 10.1175/2007JPO3636.1 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 287DP UT WOS:000254897400001 ER PT J AU Flaud, JM Lafferty, WJ Perrin, A Kim, YS Beckers, H Willner, H AF Flaud, J. -M. Lafferty, W. J. Perrin, A. Kim, Y. S. Beckers, H. Willner, H. TI The first high-resolution analysis of the 10-mu m absorption of thioformaldehyde SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE thioformaldehyde; high resolution IR; rotational constants; massive Coriolis resonance ID INFRARED-SPECTRUM; GROUND-STATE; SPECTROSCOPY AB The 10 mu m region of thioformaldehyde (H2CS) has been recorded at high resolution (0.005cm(-1)) using a Fourier transform spectrometer. H2CS was produced by low-pressure pyrolysis of a gas flow of C3H5SCH3 in Ar at 560 degrees C or CH3SCl at 1150 degrees C, which was introduced into a multipass White cell with an optical path length of 32 m. Forty scans were recorded for the range 750-1400 cm(-1) at a total pressure of 0.15 mbar. A thorough analysis of the three lowest wavenumber fundamental bands, v(3), v(4) and v(6), Which fall in this region, has been carried out using a Hamiltonian model, which takes explicitly into account the numerous resonances affecting the ro-vibrational energy levels; especially the massive A-type Coriolis resonance between the out-of-plane wagging mode, v(4), and the in-plane rocking mode, v(6). These two modes are only separated by 0.83 cm(-1) and they are thoroughly mixed. From the fittings, the following band centers were derived: v(o) (v(4)) = 990.18213(40) cm(-1), v(o) (v(6)) = 991.02021(50) cm(-1) and v(o) (v(3)) = 1059.20476 (30) cm(-1) where the uncertainties are one standard deviation. In addition, a number of relative line intensities were measured permitting the determination of relative values of the first-order transition moments and therefore relative band intensities for all three bands. Finally, a comprehensive list of line wavenumbers and relative intensities has been generated. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Flaud, J. -M.; Perrin, A.] CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Flaud, J. -M.; Perrin, A.] Univ Paris 07, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Flaud, J. -M.; Perrin, A.] Univ Paris 12, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Kim, Y. S.; Beckers, H.; Willner, H.] Univ Wuppertal, FB C, D-42119 Wuppertal, Germany. RP Lafferty, WJ (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Walter.Lafferty@NIST.gov NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD APR PY 2008 VL 109 IS 6 BP 995 EP 1003 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2007.11.004 PG 9 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 292WZ UT WOS:000255298100009 ER PT J AU Paul, RL AF Paul, R. L. TI Determination of sulfur in steels by radiochemical neutron activation analysis with liquid scintillation counting SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Conference on Methods and Applications of Radioanalytical Chemistry CY APR 03-07, 2006 CL Kailua, HI ID IONIZATION MASS-SPECTROMETRY; PHOSPHORUS AB A method has been developed for the determination of low-level sulfur in steels by radiochemical neutron activation analysis. During sample irradiation, S-35 is produced by the S-34(n,gamma)S-35 reaction. Irradiated steels are mixed with sulfur carrier and dissolved in HCl/HNO3. Sulfur is reduced to H2S by reaction with HI/H3PO2/HCl. The evolved H2S is absorbed in dilute NaOH, which is mixed with scintillation cocktail for the measurement of 35S by liquid scintillation counting. Sulfur carrier yield is determined by iodometric titration. Chlorine is also determined by RNAA in order to correct for S-35 produced via the Cl-35(n,p)S-35 reaction. Sulfur has been determined at mass fractions as low as approximate to 5 mg/kg in ultra-high-purity iron using this method. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.paul@nist.gov NR 14 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD APR PY 2008 VL 276 IS 1 BP 243 EP 249 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-0440-1 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 287MH UT WOS:000254920700040 ER PT J AU Crosson, LM Hauser, L Friedman, CS Morado, JF AF Crosson, Lisa M. Hauser, L. Friedman, C. S. Morado, J. Frank TI Development of a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) assay to assess the life history of Hematodinium, a parasitic dinoflagellate, and its impact on tanner crab populations in Alaska SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Crosson, Lisa M.; Hauser, L.; Friedman, C. S.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Morado, J. Frank] AFSC, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Admn, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 27 IS 2 BP 469 EP 469 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 286XU UT WOS:000254880600042 ER PT J AU Godin, OA AF Godin, Oleg A. TI Low-frequency sound transmission through a gas-liquid interface SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SONIC-BOOM PENETRATION; NORMAL-MODE THEORY; VARIABLE DEPTH; AIR INTERFACE; MOVING SOURCE; WATER LAYER; OCEAN; PROPAGATION; NOISE; ATMOSPHERE AB Typically, sound speed in gases is smaller and mass density is much smaller than in liquids, resulting in a very strong acoustic impedance contrast at a gas-liquid interface. Sound transmission through a boundary with a strong impedance contrast is normally very weak. This paper studies the power output of localized sound sources and acoustic power fluxes through a plane gas-liquid interface in a layered medium. It is shown that, for low-frequency sound, a phenomenon of anomalous transparency can occur where most of the acoustic power generated by a source in a liquid half-space can be radiated into a gas half-space. The main physical mechanism responsible for anomalous transparency is found to be an acoustic power transfer by inhomogeneous (evanescent) waves in the plane-wave decomposition of the acoustic field in the liquid. The effects of a liquid's stratification and of guided sound propagation in the liquid on the anomalous transparency of the Gas-liquid interface are considered. Geophysical and biological implications of anomalous transparency of water-air interface to infrasound are indicated. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 [Godin, Oleg A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Godin, Oleg A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Godin, OA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM oleg.godin@noaa.gov RI Godin, Oleg/E-6554-2011 OI Godin, Oleg/0000-0003-4599-2149 NR 36 TC 19 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD APR PY 2008 VL 123 IS 4 BP 1866 EP 1879 DI 10.1121/1.2874631 PG 14 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 289HD UT WOS:000255044700010 PM 18396996 ER PT J AU Gego, E Gilliland, A Godowitch, J Rao, ST Porter, PS Hogrefe, C AF Gego, Edith Gilliland, Alice Godowitch, James Rao, S. Trivikrama Porter, P. Steven Hogrefe, Christian TI Modeling analyses of the effects of changes in nitrogen oxides emissions from the electric power sector on ozone levels in the eastern United States SO JOURNAL OF THE AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article AB In this paper, we examine the changes in ambient ozone concentrations simulated by the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model for summer 2002 under three different nitrogen oxides (NO.) emission scenarios. Two emission scenarios represent best estimates of 2002 and 2004 emissions; they allow assessment of the impact of the NO, emissions reductions imposed on the utility sector by the NO, State Implementation Plan (SIP) Call. The third scenario represents a hypothetical rendering of what NO, emissions would have been in 2002 if no emission controls had been imposed on the utility sector. Examination of the modeled median and 95th percentile daily maximum 8-hr average ozone concentrations reveals that median ozone levels estimated for the 2004 emission scenario were less than those modeled for 2002 in the region most affected by the NOx SIP Call. Comparison of the "no-control" with the "2002" scenario revealed that ozone concentrations would have been much higher in much of the eastern United States if the utility sector had not implemented NO, emission controls; exceptions occurred in the immediate vicinity of major point sources where increased NO titration tends to lower ozone levels. C1 [Gego, Edith; Gilliland, Alice; Godowitch, James; Rao, S. Trivikrama] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modelling eLab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. [Porter, P. Steven] Univ Idaho, Dept Civil Engn, Idaho Falls, ID USA. [Hogrefe, Christian] SUNY Albany, Atmospher Sci Res Ctr, Albany, NY 12222 USA. RP Gego, E (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modelling eLab, Res Triangle Pk, NC USA. NR 13 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 5 PU AIR & WASTE MANAGEMENT ASSOC PI PITTSBURGH PA ONE GATEWAY CENTER, THIRD FL, PITTSBURGH, PA 15222 USA SN 1047-3289 J9 J AIR WASTE MANAGE JI J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. PD APR PY 2008 VL 58 IS 4 BP 580 EP 588 DI 10.3155/1047-3289.58.4.580 PG 9 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 285TN UT WOS:000254799200011 PM 18422044 ER PT J AU Serra, YL Kiladis, GN Cronin, MF AF Serra, Yolande L. Kiladis, George N. Cronin, Meghan F. TI Horizontal and vertical structure of easterly waves in the Pacific ITCZ SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SYNOPTIC-SCALE DISTURBANCES; INTERTROPICAL CONVERGENCE ZONE; 1979-95 NCEP/NCAR REANALYSES; MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; COUPLED EQUATORIAL WAVES; TROPICAL CYCLOGENESIS; WESTERN PACIFIC; PART I; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE AB Outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and low- level wind fields in the Atlantic and Pacific intertropical convergence zone (ITCZ) are dominated by variability on synoptic time scales primarily associated with easterly waves during boreal summer and fall. This study uses spectral filtering of observed OLR data to capture the convective variability coupled to Pacific easterly waves. Filtered OLR is then used as an independent variable to isolate easterly wave structure in wind, temperature, and humidity fields from open- ocean buoys, radiosondes, and gridded reanalysis products. The analysis shows that while some Pacific easterly waves originate in the Atlantic, most of the waves appear to form and strengthen within the Pacific. Pacific easterly waves have wavelengths of 4200-5900 km, westward phase speeds of 11.3-13.6 m s(-1), and maximum meridional wind anomalies at about 600 hPa. A warm, moist boundary layer is observed ahead of the waves, with moisture lofted quickly through the troposphere by deep convection, followed by a cold, dry signal behind the wave. The waves are accompanied by substantial cloud forcing and surface latent heat flux fluctuations in buoy observations. In the central Pacific the horizontal structure of the waves appears as meridionally oriented inverted troughs, while in the east Pacific the waves are oriented southwest northeast. Both are tilted slightly eastward with height. Although these tilts are consistent with adiabatic barotropic and baroclinic conversions to eddy energy, energetics calculations imply that Pacific easterly waves are driven primarily by convective heating. This differs from African easterly waves, where the barotropic and baroclinic conversions dominate. C1 [Serra, Yolande L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, ESRL, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. [Cronin, Meghan F.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Serra, YL (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, 1118 E 4th St,Box 210081, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM serra@atmo.arizona.edu RI Serra, Yolande/I-3457-2015 OI Serra, Yolande/0000-0003-3542-1158 NR 68 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1266 EP 1284 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2341.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 293VB UT WOS:000255362400008 ER PT J AU Shupe, MD Kollias, P Persson, POG McFarquhar, GM AF Shupe, Matthew D. Kollias, Pavlos Persson, P. Ola G. McFarquhar, Greg M. TI Vertical motions in arctic mixed-phase stratiform clouds SO JOURNAL OF THE ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; RESOLVING SIMULATIONS; AIRCRAFT OBSERVATIONS; MICROWAVE RADIOMETER; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; STRATUS CLOUDS; CLIMATE MODELS; CIRRUS CLOUDS AB The characteristics of Arctic mixed-phase stratiform clouds and their relation to vertical air motions are examined using ground-based observations during the Mixed-Phase Arctic Cloud Experiment (MPACE) in Barrow, Alaska, during fall 2004. The cloud macrophysical, microphysical, and dynamical properties are derived from a suite of active and passive remote sensors. Low-level, single-layer, mixed-phase stratiform clouds are typically topped by a 400-700-m-deep liquid water layer from which ice crystals precipitate. These clouds are strongly dominated (85% by mass) by liquid water. On average, an in-cloud updraft of 0.4 m s(-1) sustains the clouds, although cloud-scale circulations lead to a variability of up to +/- 2 m s(-1) from the average. Dominant scales-of-variability in both vertical air motions and cloud microphysical properties retrieved by this analysis occur at 0.5-10-km wavelengths. In updrafts, both cloud liquid and ice mass grow, although the net liquid mass growth is usually largest. Between updrafts, nearly all ice falls out and/or sublimates while the cloud liquid diminishes but does not completely evaporate. The persistence of liquid water throughout these cloud cycles suggests that ice-forming nuclei, and thus ice crystal, concentrations must be limited and that water vapor is plentiful. These details are brought together within the context of a conceptual model relating cloud-scale dynamics and microphysics. C1 [Shupe, Matthew D.; Persson, P. Ola G.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.; Persson, P. Ola G.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kollias, Pavlos] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [McFarquhar, Greg M.] Univ Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. RP Shupe, MD (reprint author), R-PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matthew.shupe@noaa.gov RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; McFarquhar, Greg/0000-0003-0950-0135 NR 58 TC 61 Z9 61 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-4928 J9 J ATMOS SCI JI J. Atmos. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 4 BP 1304 EP 1322 DI 10.1175/2007JAS2479.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 293VB UT WOS:000255362400010 ER PT J AU Von Biela, VR Testa, JW Gill, VA Burns, JM AF Von Biela, Vanessa R. Testa, J. Ward Gill, Verena A. Burns, Jennifer M. TI Evaluating cementum to determine past reproduction in northern sea otters SO JOURNAL OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE age at first reproduction; Alaska; cementum width method; demography; Enhydra lutris; population biology; reproduction; sea otter ID SEXUAL MATURITY; ELEPHANT SEALS; ENHYDRA-LUTRIS; RINGED SEALS; AGE; POPULATIONS; DEMOGRAPHY; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; DENTIN AB Age at first reproduction (AFR) has been difficult to quantify in mammals, as the most commonly used methods require reproductive tracts or direct observations. However, work in several large mammal species suggests that the width of cementum light bands in teeth decline once females begin to reproduce, suggesting that teeth structures might provide a new tool to examine AFR. To determine if changes in cementum light band width could be used to calculate AFR for the northern sea otter (Enhydra lutris kenyoni), we measured cementum light band widths on sectioned premolar teeth and compared them to reproductive tracts. We classified otters as parous if any single light band was narrower than a threshold value, selected as the value that minimized error rates. At a threshold value of 0.32, we correctly identified otters as parous, or nulliparous in 83% of cases (n = 92) as compared to reproductive tracts, and the AFR estimated from teeth samples (3.52 +/- 0.032 yr) was not different from that determined by reproductive tract analysis (3.45 +/- 0.031 yr; t-test, P > 0.05). These data support the use of cementum as an indicator of past reproduction in individual female otters, which can then be used to estimate average AFR. Given that declines in cementum width have been described for other mammal species, the same quantitative approach used here could be applied to other species. C1 [Von Biela, Vanessa R.; Testa, J. Ward; Burns, Jennifer M.] Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Marine Mammals Management, Anchorage, AK 99503 USA. RP Von Biela, VR (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Dept Biol Sci, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 3211 Providence Dr, Anchorage, AK 99508 USA. EM vvonbiela@usgs.gov RI Burns, Jennifer/C-4159-2013 NR 35 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 14 PU WILDLIFE SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2197 USA SN 0022-541X J9 J WILDLIFE MANAGE JI J. Wildl. Manage. PD APR PY 2008 VL 72 IS 3 BP 618 EP 624 DI 10.2193/2007-218 PG 7 WC Ecology; Zoology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 280GD UT WOS:000254412800006 ER PT J AU Lara, MR AF Lara, Monica R. TI Development of the nasal olfactory organs in the larvae, settlement-stages and some adults of 14 species of Caribbean reef fishes (Labridae, Scaridae, Pomacentridae) SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID AMPHIPRION-OCELLARIS PISCES; SIBLING ODOR PREFERENCE; GREAT-BARRIER-REEF; CORAL-REEF; PELAGIC LARVAE; HORIZONTAL DISTRIBUTION; ANEMONE FISH; ARCTIC CHAR; SEA-ANEMONE; BEHAVIOR AB Larval fishes likely use a variety of settlement cues to locate and navigate toward the habitats they will inhabit as juveniles. Information about the morphology and state of development of the sensory organs of larval stages of fishes provides insight into their capabilities at the time of settlement. The peripheral olfactory organ of wild-caught late-stage larvae and early juveniles and some adults of 14 species of the Caribbean reef fishes wrasses (Labridae), parrot fishes (Scaridae) and damselfish (Pomacentridae) were examined using scanning electron microscopy and compared in terms of settlement specificity. Ages in days after hatching and days post-settlement were determined from the otoliths. Morphology of the nares and the olfactory epithelium are described for these species by stage. The separation of the anterior and posterior nares occurred before settlement in the labrids but in some specimens of scarids this separation was not complete by the time of settlement. Densities of ciliated and microvillous receptor cells and non-sensory ciliated epithelial cells were calculated. Densities of ciliated receptor cells ranged from 0.389 mu m(-2) in a specimen of Thallasoma bifasciatum to 0.0057 mu m(-2) in Bodianus rufus and of microvillous receptor cells from 0.038 mu m(-2) in a Clepticus parrae juvenile to 0.266 mu m(-2) in a juvenile Doratonotus megalepis. Densities of non-sensory cilia, also associated with high olfactory ability, were also high. The olfactory organ in wrasses is well developed prior to settlement and is comparable to that of adult fishes. The possible role of olfaction in larval schooling, reef cue detection and orientation toward habitat at settlement is discussed. C1 Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, NOAA, SEFSC, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Lara, MR (reprint author), Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, NOAA, SEFSC, 4600 Rickenbacker Cswy, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM monica.lara@rsmas.miami.edu NR 87 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 154 IS 1 BP 51 EP 64 DI 10.1007/s00227-007-0899-2 PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 278CJ UT WOS:000254260800004 ER PT J AU Miller, AK Trivelpiece, WZ AF Miller, Aileen K. Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. TI Chinstrap penguins alter foraging and diving behavior in response to the size of their principle prey, Antarctic krill SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DIEL VERTICAL MIGRATION; SOUTH ORKNEY ISLANDS; EUPHAUSIA-SUPERBA; ADELIE PENGUINS; PYGOSCELIS-ANTARCTICA; INSTRUMENT ATTACHMENT; TRIP DURATION; SIGNY ISLAND; FOOD-WEB; VARIABILITY AB Penguins may exhibit plasticity in their diving and foraging behaviors in response to changes in prey availability. Chinstrap penguins are dependent predators of Antarctic krill in the Scotia Sea region, but krill populations have fluctuated in recent years. We examined the diet of chinstrap penguins at Livingston Island, South Shetland Islands, in relation to their diving and foraging behavior using time-depth recorders over six breeding seasons: 2002-2007. When krill were smaller, more chinstrap penguins consumed fish. In these years, chinstrap penguins often exhibited a shift to deep dives after sundown, and then resumed a shallower pattern at sunrise. These night dives were unexpectedly deep (up to 110 m) and mean night dive depths sometimes exceeded those from the daytime. The average size of krill in each year was negatively correlated to mean night dive depths and the proportion of foraging trips taken overnight. Based on these patterns, we suggest that when krill were small, penguins increasingly targeted myctophid fish. The average krill size was negatively correlated to the time chinstrap penguins spent foraging which suggests that foraging on smaller krill and fish incurred a cost: more time was spent at sea foraging. C1 [Miller, Aileen K.; Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Miller, AK (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM aileen.miller@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 1 U2 20 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0025-3162 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 154 IS 2 BP 201 EP 208 DI 10.1007/s00227-008-0909-z PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285BD UT WOS:000254751400001 ER PT J AU Polito, MJ Trivelpiece, WZ AF Polito, Michael J. Trivelpiece, Wayne Z. TI Transition to independence and evidence of extended parental care in the gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) SO MARINE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID KING-GEORGE-ISLAND; CHINSTRAP PENGUINS; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; SOUTH-SHETLAND; BIRD-ISLAND; ANTARCTICA; ATTACHMENT; SUCCESS; ADELIE AB We used radio telemetry and observations to study the activity patterns and behavior of gentoo penguin chicks at Admiralty Bay, King George Island, South Shetland Islands in 2005 during their "fledging period"; defined as the time between a chick's first trip to sea and its final dispersal from the breeding colony. Gentoo penguins exhibited delayed dispersal of young and extended parental provisioning, behaviors not observed in other Pygoscelis species. Chicks took their first trip to sea at a mean age of 70 days of age, before finally departing the colony at a mean age of 82 days. During this fledging period, individual chicks made an average of five trips to sea. Trip duration increased significantly as chicks aged, with trips to sea becoming similar to literature values of adult foraging trips in both timing and duration. Behavioral observations and mass dynamics confirmed that many chicks were still being fed during this fledging period, with parental feeding behaviors most often observed in the late afternoon to evening hours. We hypothesize that these behaviors provide an opportunity for chicks to gain experience at sea prior to dispersal and might allow them to develop foraging skills before they are completely independent. C1 [Polito, Michael J.] Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. [Polito, Michael J.; Trivelpiece, Wayne Z.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Polito, MJ (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, Dept Biol & Marine Biol, 601 S Coll Dr, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM mjp7454@uncw.edu RI Polito, Michael/G-9118-2012 OI Polito, Michael/0000-0001-8639-4431 NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 3 U2 18 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0025-3162 EI 1432-1793 J9 MAR BIOL JI Mar. Biol. PD APR PY 2008 VL 154 IS 2 BP 231 EP 240 DI 10.1007/s00227-008-0919-x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 285BD UT WOS:000254751400004 ER PT J AU Hartwell, SI AF Hartwell, S. Ian TI Distribution of DDT and other persistent organic contaminants in Canyons and on the continental shelf off the central California coast SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE DDT; Monterey Bay; Canyons; continental shelf/slope; sediment pollution; agricultural pollution; organic compounds ID SAN-FRANCISCO-BAY; MONTEREY BAY; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; SEDIMENT TRANSPORT; MARINE; WATER; CIRCULATION; PESTICIDES; RESIDUES; SURFACE AB Sediment samples were collected to delineate the distribution of contaminants along the central California coast. Sampling included a variety of Canyons and shelf/slope areas to evaluate contaminant transport patterns and potential delivery to Canyons and the continental slope to a depth of 1200 m. Sediments were collected and analyzed for organic contaminants using standard techniques of the NOAA National Status and Trends Program (NS&T). DDT is distributed on the shelf within a zone of fine-grained sediments between Half Moon and Monterey Bays. DDT was found at higher concentrations in Ascension, Ano Nuevo, and Monterey/Soquel Canyons than in Pioneer and Carmel Canyons, the Gulf of the Farallones, or the continental slope. The Monterey Bay watershed appears to be the primary source of DDT. In contrast, PAHs and PCBs on the shelf appear to be derived primarily from San Francisco Bay. DDT appears to be delivered to the deep ocean via the Canyons more than from cross-shelf sediment transport. Sediment budget estimates for the continental shelf north of Monterey Bay need further refinement and more data to account for the movement of material from Monterey Bay onto the shelf. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 NOAA INOS NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Hartwell, SI (reprint author), NOAA INOS NCCOS, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, 1305 E W Hwy, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM ian.hartwell@noaa.gov NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD APR PY 2008 VL 65 IS 3 BP 199 EP 217 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.10.004 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 286BZ UT WOS:000254821700001 PM 18082252 ER PT J AU Kendall, MS Miller, T AF Kendall, Matthew S. Miller, Thomas TI The influence of thematic and spatial resolution on maps of a coral reef ecosystem SO MARINE GEODESY LA English DT Article DE benthic mapping; coastal management; landscape ecology; resampling ID MINIMUM MAPPING UNIT; LANDSCAPE METRICS; INDEXES; PATTERN; SIZE; AGGREGATION; FISHES; SCALE; SENSITIVITY; PARAMETERS AB Four maps of a reef ecosystem were created using two levels of both spatial and thematic resolution commonly used in science and management applications. Differences among maps were quantified using ecologically meaningful landscape indices. The objective was to inform research and management activities that are based on maps of reef ecosystems. Results indicate that inferences regarding the structure and organization of reef ecosystems are sensitive to changes in resolution of the maps characterizing them. Hard bottom, sand, and patchy features were the most sensitive to change in map resolution whereas continuous seagrass beds and linear reef features were not. C1 [Kendall, Matthew S.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Biogeog Team, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Miller, Thomas] Univ Maryland, Chesapeake Biol Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Solomons, MD 20688 USA. RP Kendall, MS (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Biogeog Team, 1305 East West Highway,N-SCI-1, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM matt.kendall@noaa.gov RI Miller, Thomas/C-2129-2008; Wright, Dawn/A-4518-2011 OI Miller, Thomas/0000-0001-8427-1614; Wright, Dawn/0000-0002-2997-7611 NR 36 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0149-0419 J9 MAR GEOD JI Mar. Geod. PD APR-JUN PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2 BP 75 EP 102 DI 10.1080/01490410802053617 PG 28 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA 312VN UT WOS:000256700600001 ER PT J AU Friday, NA Smith, TD Stevick, PT Allen, J Fernald, T AF Friday, Nancy A. Smith, Tim D. Stevick, Peter T. Allen, Judy Fernald, Tom TI Balancing bias and precision in capture-recapture estimates of abundance SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE abundance estimation; capture-recapture; humpback whale; individual animal distinctiveness; individual identification; mark-recapture; Megaptera novaeangliae; North Atlantic; photographic identification; photographic quality ID WHALES MEGAPTERA-NOVAEANGLIAE; HUMPBACK WHALES; PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION; MARK-RECAPTURE; SURVIVAL RATES; POPULATION; DOLPHINS; MODEL AB Capture-recapture estimates of abundance using photographic identification data are sensitive to the quality of photographs used and distinctiveness of individuals in the population. Here analyses are presented for examining the effects of photographic quality and individual animal distinctiveness scores and for objectively selecting a subset of data to use for capture-recapture analyses using humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) data from a 2-year study in the North Atlantic. Photographs were evaluated for their level of quality and whales for their level of individual distinctiveness. Photographic quality scores had a 0.21 probability of changing by a single-quality level, and there were no changes by two or more levels. Individual distinctiveness scores were not independent of photographic quality scores. Estimates of abundance decreased as poor-quality photographs were removed. An appropriate balance between precision and bias in abundance estimates was achieved by removing the lowest-quality photographs and those of incompletely photographed flukes given our assumptions about the true population abundance. A simulation of the selection process implied that, if the estimates are negatively biased by heterogeneity, the increase in bias produced by decreasing the sample size is not more than 2%. Capture frequencies were independent of individual distinctiveness scores. C1 [Friday, Nancy A.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Smith, Tim D.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Stevick, Peter T.; Allen, Judy; Fernald, Tom] Atlantic Vet Coll, Bar Harbor, ME 04609 USA. RP Friday, NA (reprint author), NOAA, ASFC Marine Mammal Lab, NMFS, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM nancy.ftiday@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 10 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 10 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 253 EP 275 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00187.x PG 23 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 291BG UT WOS:000255166700001 ER PT J AU Atkinson, S Calkins, D Burkanov, V Castellini, M Hennen, D Inglis, S AF Atkinson, Shannon Calkins, Donald Burkanov, Vladimir Castellini, Michael Hennen, Daniel Inglis, Susan TI Impact of changing diet regimes on Steller sea lion body condition SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE steller sea lion; Eumetopias jubatus; nutritional stress; diet; body mass; body composition; dietary intake ID EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; HARBOR SEALS; SOUTHEAST ALASKA; POPULATION AB A leading theory for the cause of the decline of Steller sea lions is nutritional stress, which led to chronic high juvenile mortality and possibly episodic adult mortality. Nutritional stress may have resulted from either poor quality or low abundance of prey. The objective of this study was to determine whether we could predict shifts in body condition (i.e., body mass or body fat content) over different seasons associated with a change in diet (i.e., toward lower quality prey). Captive Steller sea lions (n = 3) were fed three different diet regimes, where Diet I approximated the diet in the Kodiak area in the 1970s prior to the documented decline in that area, Diet 2 approximated the species composition in the Kodiak area after the decline had begun, and Diet 3 approximated the diet in southeast Alaska where the Steller sea lion population has been increasing for over 25 yr. All the animals used in this study were still growing and gained mass regardless of diet. Body fat (90 varied between 1396 and 28176, but was not consistently high or low for any diet regime or season. Mean intake (in kg) of Diet 2 was significantly greater for all sea lions during all seasons. All animals did, however, tend to gain less body mass on Diets 2 and 3, as well as during the breeding and postbreeding seasons. They also tended to gain more mass during the winter and on Diet 1, though these differences were not statistically significant. Thus, changing seasonal physiology of Steller sea lions appears to have more impact on body condition than quality of prey, provided sufficient quantity of prey is available. Steller sea lions are opportunistic predators and are evidently able to thrive on a variety of prey. Our results indicate that Steller sea lions are capable of compensating for prey of low quality. C1 [Atkinson, Shannon; Calkins, Donald; Hennen, Daniel; Inglis, Susan] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Atkinson, Shannon; Inglis, Susan] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir] NOAA, Natl Marine Mammmal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Burkanov, Vladimir] Russian Acad Sci, Kamchatka Branch Pacific Inst Geog, Petropavlovsk Kamchatski 683000, Russia. [Castellini, Michael] Univ Alaska, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Atkinson, S (reprint author), Alaska SeaLife Ctr, 301 Railway Ave,PO 1329, Seward, AK 99664 USA. EM shannon_atkinson@alaskasealife.org NR 26 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 276 EP 289 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2008.00188.x PG 14 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 291BG UT WOS:000255166700002 ER PT J AU Harms, CA Lovewell, GN Rotstein, DS AF Harms, Craig A. Lovewell, Gretchen N. Rotstein, David S. TI Presumed hyperglycemic cataracts in a live-stranded minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) calf SO MARINE MAMMAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID VITREOUS-HUMOR; SERUM CHEMISTRY; POSTMORTEM; DEATH; TIME; TEMPERATURE; HEMOGLOBIN; ATLANTIC; GLUCOSE; CATTLE C1 [Harms, Craig A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci & Environm Med Consortium, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Lovewell, Gretchen N.] NOAA, US Dept Commerce, Beauft Lab, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, NOAA Ctr Marine Anim Hlth, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. Univ Tennessee, Coll Vet Med, Dept Pathobiol, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. RP Harms, CA (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Coll Vet Med, Dept Clin Sci & Environm Med Consortium, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM craig_harms@ncsu.edu NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0824-0469 J9 MAR MAMMAL SCI JI Mar. Mamm. Sci. PD APR PY 2008 VL 24 IS 2 BP 388 EP 397 DI 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2007.00182.x PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Zoology GA 291BG UT WOS:000255166700010 ER PT J AU Ziskowski, J Mercaldo-Allen, R Pereira, JJ Kuropat, C Goldberg, R AF Ziskowski, J. Mercaldo-Allen, R. Pereira, J. J. Kuropat, C. Goldberg, R. TI The effects of fin rot disease and sampling method on blood chemistry and hematocrit measurements of winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus from New Haven Harbor (1987-1990) SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE fin rot; blood chemistry; hematocrit; winter flounder ID LONG-ISLAND SOUND; TROUT SALMO-GAIRDNERI; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS RESPONSES; PAROPHRYS-VETULUS GIRARD; PLASMA FREEZING-POINT; PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS L; NEW-YORK BIGHT; RAINBOW-TROUT; PLEURONECTES-AMERICANUS; ENGLISH SOLE AB Winter flounder from New Haven, Connecticut were evaluated for fin rot disease. Blood samples collected from healthy and diseased fish were used to measure bilirubin, calcium, hematocrit, inorganic phosphorus, osmolality, and total protein. Blood measurements were significantly affected by the presence of fin rot disease and by sampling mode (bled immediately or after 18 h). A reduction in blood chemistry values was associated with fin rot disease. Logistic regression modeling was used to identify explanatory variables contributing to the fin rot outcome in winter flounder. Blood constituent levels were higher in fish bled immediately versus 18 h post-capture, especially among fish without fin rot, suggesting that a waiting period is necessary for blood values to stabilize following initial sampling stress. This study presents evidence that winter flounder blood chemistry and hematocrit measurements are affected by fin rot disease. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ziskowski, J.; Mercaldo-Allen, R.; Pereira, J. J.; Kuropat, C.; Goldberg, R.] NOAA NMFS NEFSC Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Mercaldo-Allen, R (reprint author), NOAA NMFS NEFSC Milford Lab, 212 Rogers Ave, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM Renee.Mercaldo-Allen@noaa.gov NR 86 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD APR PY 2008 VL 56 IS 4 BP 740 EP 750 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2007.12.007 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 298FD UT WOS:000255670900024 PM 18226819 ER PT J AU Ibbott, G Ma, CM Rogers, DWO Seltzer, SM Williamson, JF AF Ibbott, G. Ma, C. -M. Rogers, D. W. O. Seltzer, S. M. Williamson, J. F. TI Anniversary paper: Fifty years of AAPM involvement in radiation dosimetry SO MEDICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE radiation dosimetry; AAPM task groups; history; AAPM protocols ID INTERSTITIAL BRACHYTHERAPY SOURCES; KERMA-STRENGTH STANDARDS; PHYSICISTS-IN-MEDICINE; ROUTINE CLINICAL-USE; THERAPY COMMITTEE; AMERICAN-ASSOCIATION; ELECTRON-BEAMS; CALIBRATION LABORATORIES; DOSE SPECIFICATION; ENERGY PHOTON AB This article reviews the involvement of the AAPM in various aspects of radiation dosimetry over its 50 year history, emphasizing the especially important role that external beam dosimetry played in the early formation of the organization. Topics covered include the AAPM's involvement with external beam and x-ray dosimetry protocols, brachytherapy dosimetry, primary standards laboratories, accredited dosimetry chains, and audits for machine calibrations through the Radiological Physics Center. (C) 2008 American Association of Physicists in Medicine. C1 [Ibbott, G.] Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Radiol Phys Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. [Ma, C. -M.] Fox Chase Canc Ctr, Philadelphia, PA 19111 USA. [Rogers, D. W. O.] Carleton Univ, Ottawa Carleton Inst Phys, Ottawa, ON K1S 5B6, Canada. [Seltzer, S. M.] NIST, Radiat Interact & Dosimetry Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Williamson, J. F.] Virginia Commonwealth Univ, Richmond, VA 23298 USA. RP Ibbott, G (reprint author), Univ Texas MD Anderson Canc Ctr, Radiol Phys Ctr, Houston, TX 77030 USA. EM drogers@physics.carleton.ca RI Rogers, David/A-1973-2008 NR 56 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER ASSOC PHYSICISTS MEDICINE AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0094-2405 J9 MED PHYS JI Med. Phys. PD APR PY 2008 VL 35 IS 4 BP 1418 EP 1427 DI 10.1118/1.2868765 PG 10 WC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 281PN UT WOS:000254510700031 PM 18491537 ER PT J AU Mohr, PJ AF Mohr, Peter J. TI Defining units in the quantum based SI SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID KILOGRAM; REDEFINITION; CONSTANT; MOLE AB Possible changes to the International System of Units ( SI) are being discussed, including a proposal to define the units by specifying the values of a set of fundamental constants. This note is an elementary guide to the algebra associated with unit exponents which can be used both to display the relationships between different sets of units and to provide simple tests of whether a particular set of constants provides combinations of units that form a complete set. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mohr, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mohr@nist.gov NR 16 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 129 EP 133 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/45/2/001 PG 5 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 285LJ UT WOS:000254778000003 ER PT J AU White, DR Clarkson, MT Saunders, P Yoon, HW AF White, D. R. Clarkson, M. T. Saunders, P. Yoon, H. W. TI A general technique for calibrating indicating instruments SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article ID LINEARITY; NONLINEARITY; DETECTORS; SYSTEMS; RATIO AB A method for calibrating indicating instruments that exploits the combinatorial properties of a set of different-valued, and mostly uncalibrated, artefacts is described. The paper presents the underlying principles of the method, its limitations, and examples of the application of the method to mass balances, optical detectors and resistance bridges. The method is applicable to indicating instruments that measure rational quantities and for which it is possible to combine artefacts with negligible error. For direct-reading instruments, at least one of the artefacts should be calibrated. For ratio-indicating instruments, none of the artefacts need be calibrated. It is shown that for artefacts that can be combined linearly, a binary sequence generally comes close to maximizing the number of combinations available. C1 [White, D. R.; Clarkson, M. T.; Saunders, P.] Ind Res Ltd, Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. [Yoon, H. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP White, DR (reprint author), Ind Res Ltd, Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand, POB 31-310, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. NR 34 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD APR PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 199 EP 210 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/45/2/009 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 285LJ UT WOS:000254778000011 ER PT J AU Marks, FD Black, PG Montgomery, MT Burpee, RW AF Marks, Frank D. Black, Peter G. Montgomery, Michael T. Burpee, Robert W. TI Structure of the eye and eyewall of Hurricane Hugo (1989) SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; CONVECTIVE-SCALE CHARACTERISTICS; VELOCITY TRACK DISPLAY; INNER CORE STRUCTURE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; MATURE HURRICANES; INTENSE STORMS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; ISABEL 2003; VORTICES AB On 15 September 1989, one of NOAA's WP-3D research aircraft, N42RF [lower aircraft (LA)], penetrated the eyewall of Hurricane Hugo. The aircraft had an engine fail in severe turbulence while passing the radius of maximum wind and before entering the eye at 450-m altitude. After the aircraft returned to controlled flight within the 7-km radius eye, it gained altitude gradually as it orbited in the eye. Observations taken during this period provide an updated model of the inner-core structure of an intense hurricane and suggest that LA penetrated an intense cyclonic vorticity maximum adjacent to the strongest convection in the eyewall [eyewall vorticity maximum (EVM)]. This EVM was distinct from the vortex-scale cyclonic circulation observed to orbit within the eye three times during the 1 h that LA circled in the eye. At the time, Hugo had been deepening rapidly for 12 h. The maximum flight-level tangential wind was 89 m s(-1) at a radius of 12.5 km; however, the primary vortex peak tangential wind, derived from a 100-s filter of the flight-level data, was estimated to be 70 m s-1, also at 12.5-km radius. The primary vortex tangential wind was in approximate gradient wind balance, was characterized by a peak in angular velocity just inside the radius of maximum wind, and had an annular vorticity structure slightly interior to the angular velocity maximum. The EVM along the aircraft's track was roughly 1 km in diameter with a peak cyclonic vorticity of 1.25 X 10(-1) s(-1). The larger circulation center, with a diameter >15 km, was observed within the eye and exhibited an average orbital period of 19 min. This period is about the same as that of the angular velocity maximum of the axisymmetric mean vortex and is in reasonable agreement with recent theoretical and model predictions of a persistent trochoidal "wobble" of circulation centers in mature hurricane-like vortices. This study is the first with in situ documentation of these vortical entities, which were recently hypothesized to be elements of a lower-tropospheric eye/eyewall mixing mechanism that supports strong storms. C1 [Marks, Frank D.; Black, Peter G.] AOML, NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Montgomery, Michael T.] Naval Postgraduate Sch, Monterey, CA USA. [Burpee, Robert W.] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmosphere Studies, Miami, FL 33152 USA. RP Marks, FD (reprint author), AOML, NOAA, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM frank.marks@noaa.gov RI Marks, Frank/A-5733-2011; Black, Michael/C-3250-2014 OI Marks, Frank/0000-0003-0371-5514; Black, Michael/0000-0001-9528-2888 NR 49 TC 55 Z9 57 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2008 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1237 EP 1259 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2073.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 293RK UT WOS:000255352200001 ER PT J AU Koch, SE Feltz, W Fabry, F Pagowski, M Geerts, B Bedka, KM Miller, DO Wilson, JW AF Koch, Steven E. Feltz, Wayne Fabry, Frederic Pagowski, Mariusz Geerts, Bart Bedka, Kristopher M. Miller, David O. Wilson, James W. TI Turbulent mixing processes in atmospheric bores and solitary waves deduced from profiling systems and numerical simulation SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID EMITTED RADIANCE INTERFEROMETER; INTERNATIONAL H2O PROJECT; RAMAN LIDAR MEASUREMENTS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; COLD-FRONT; PART II; CONVERGENCE LINES; GRAVITY CURRENTS; DOPPLER RADAR; MODEL AB Families of solitary waves ("solitons") associated with two atmospheric bores on the same day were observed by an unprecedented number of ground-based and airborne profiling systems during the International H2O Project (IHOP). In addition, a very high-resolution numerical weather prediction model initialized with real data was used with success to simulate one of the bores and the evolving soliton. The predicted wave amplitude, phase speed, wavelength, and structure compared well to these extraordinarily detailed observations. The observations suggest that during the active phase (when turbulent mixing was active, which was prior to bore collapse), the bores and waves vigorously mixed dry air from above a nocturnal boundary layer down to the surface. Refractivity computed from near-surface radar observations showed pronounced decreases due to sudden drying during the passage of the bores in this phase, but refractivity increases appeared during the period of bore collapse. During both phases, the bores wafted aerosol-laden moist air up to the middle troposphere and weakened the capping inversion, thus reducing inhibition to deep convection development. The model results indicate that the refractivity decreases near the surface were due to drying caused by downward turbulent mixing of air by the wave circulations. Turbulent kinetic energy was generated immediately behind the bore head, then advected rearward and downward by the solitary waves. During the dissipation stage, the lifting by the bore head produced adiabatic cooling aloft and distributed the very moist air near the surface upward through the bore depth, but without any drying due to the absence of vigorous mixing. Thus, this study shows that the moist thermodynamic effects caused by atmospheric bores and solitons strongly depend upon the life cycle of these phenomena. C1 [Koch, Steven E.; Pagowski, Mariusz] ESRL, NOAA, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Feltz, Wayne; Bedka, Kristopher M.] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI USA. [Fabry, Frederic] McGill Univ, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Pagowski, Mariusz] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Geerts, Bart] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Miller, David O.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Wilson, James W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Koch, SE (reprint author), ESRL, NOAA, R-GSD 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.koch@noaa.gov RI pagowski, mariusz/H-4498-2013 OI pagowski, mariusz/0000-0002-7703-0529 NR 51 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2008 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1373 EP 1400 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2252.1 PG 28 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 293RK UT WOS:000255352200007 ER PT J AU Novak, DR Colle, BA Yuter, SE AF Novak, David R. Colle, Brian A. Yuter, Sandra E. TI High-resolution observations and model simulations of the life cycle of an intense mesoscale snowband over the northeastern United States SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID CONDITIONAL SYMMETRICAL INSTABILITY; CONTINENTAL WINTER CYCLONE; EXTRATROPICAL CYCLONES; FRONTAL CIRCULATIONS; BANDED PRECIPITATION; POTENTIAL VORTICITY; WEATHER PREDICTION; US CYCLONES; EVOLUTION; FRONTOGENESIS AB This paper investigates the structural and dynamical evolution of an intense mesoscale snowband occurring 25-26 December 2002 over the northeastern United States. Dual-Doppler, wind profiler, aircraft, and water vapor observations in concert with the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University-NCAR Mesoscale Model run at 4-km grid spacing are used to highlight evolutionary aspects of a snowband unresolved by previous studies. The high-resolution observations and model simulations show that band formation was coincident with a sharpening of a midlevel trough and associated increase in frontogenesis in an environment of conditional and inertial instability. Band maturity was marked by increasing conditional stability and a threefold increase in frontogenetical forcing. Band dissipation occurred as the midlevel trough and associated frontogenetical forcing weakened, while the conditional stability continued to increase. The effect of changing ascent is shown to dominate over changing moisture in explaining band dissipation in this case. Unconventional aspects of band structure and dynamics revealed by the high-resolution data are discussed, including the location of the band relative to the frontogenesis maximum, increasing stability during the band-formation process, and the presence of inertial instability. The model realistically predicted the band evolution; however, maximum precipitation was underforecast within the banded region by similar to 30% at 4-km grid spacing, and the axis of heaviest precipitation was displaced similar to 50 km to the southeast of the observed location. Higher horizontal model resolution is shown to contribute toward improved QPF in this case; however, it appears more dramatic improvement maybe gained by better simulating the frontogenesis, stability, and moisture evolution. C1 [Novak, David R.; Colle, Brian A.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Novak, David R.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv Eastern Reg, Sci Serv Div, Bohemia, NY USA. [Yuter, Sandra E.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Novak, DR (reprint author), NOAA, NWS Eastern Reg Headquarters, Suite 202,630 Johnson Ave, Bohemia, NY 11716 USA. EM david.novak@noaa.gov RI Yuter, Sandra/E-8808-2015 OI Yuter, Sandra/0000-0002-3222-053X NR 63 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD APR PY 2008 VL 136 IS 4 BP 1433 EP 1456 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2233.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 293RK UT WOS:000255352200010 ER EF