FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Shouting, G Li, XF AF Shouting, Gao Li, Xiaofan TI Impacts of Initial Conditions on Cloud-Resolving Model Simulations SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE cloud-resolving model; initial conditions; sensitivity experiments ID TROPICAL EQUILIBRIUM STATES; MICROWAVE SOUNDING UNIT; DEEP CONVECTIVE REGIME; SSI ANALYSIS SYSTEM; SOUTH CHINA SEA; PRECIPITATION EFFICIENCY; MICROSCALE STRUCTURE; DIURNAL-VARIATIONS; FRONTAL RAINBANDS; MESOSCALE AB Impacts of initial conditions on cloud-resolving model simulations are investigated using a series of sensitivity experiments. Five experiments with perturbed initial temperature, moisture, and cloud conditions are conducted and compared to the control experiment. The model is forced by the large-scale vertical velocity and zonal wind observed and derived from NCEP/Global Data Assimilation System (GDAS). The results indicate that model predictions of rainfall are much more sensitive to the initial conditions than those of temperature and moisture. Further analyses of the surface rainfall equation and the moisture and cloud hydrometeor budgets reveal that the calculations of vapor condensation and deposition rates in the model account for the large sensitivities in rainfall simulations. C1 [Shouting, Gao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. [Li, Xiaofan] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Li, Xiaofan] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Shouting, G (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Lab Cloud Precipitat Phys & Severe Storms LACS, Beijing 100029, Peoples R China. EM gst@lasg.iap.ac.cn RI Li, Xiaofan/F-5605-2010; AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014; Li, Xiaofan/G-2094-2014 FU National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China [2004CB418301]; National Natural Sciences Foundation of China [40775031]; Outstanding Oversea Scholars [2005-2-16] FX The authors thank W.K. Tao at NASA/GSFC for his two-dimensional cloud-resolving model and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments. This work is supported by the National Key Basic Research and Development Project of China under Grant No. 2004CB418301, the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China under Grant No. 40775031 and "Outstanding Oversea Scholars" Project No.2005-2-16. NR 44 TC 6 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU SCIENCE PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 EI 1861-9533 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 25 IS 5 BP 737 EP 747 DI 10.1007/s00376-008-0737-6 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 359NX UT WOS:000259995200005 ER PT J AU Liu, LP Xu, Q Zhang, PF Liu, S AF Liu Liping Xu, Qin Zhang, Pengfei Liu, Shun TI Automated Detection of Contaminated Radar Image Pixels in Mountain Areas SO ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE radar data quality control; membership function; point-wise ground clutter; moving vehicle echoes ID ECHOES AB In mountain areas, radar observations are often contaminated (1) by echoes from high-speed moving vehicles and (2) by point-wise ground clutter under either normal propagation (NP) or anomalous propagation (AP) conditions. Level II data are collected from KMTX (Salt Lake City, Utah) radar to analyze these two types of contamination in the mountain area around the Great Salt Lake. Human experts provide the "ground truth" for possible contamination of either type on each individual pixel. Common features are then extracted for contaminated pixels of each type. For example, pixels contaminated by echoes from high-speed moving vehicles are characterized by large radial velocity and spectrum width. Echoes from a moving train tend to have larger velocity and reflectivity but smaller spectrum width than those from moving vehicles on highways. These contaminated pixels are only seen in areas of large terrain gradient (in the radial direction along the radar beam). The same is true for the second type of contamination - pointwise ground clutters. Six quality control (QC) parameters are selected to quantify the extracted features. Histograms are computed for each QC parameter and grouped for contaminated pixels of each type and also for non-contaminated pixels. Based on the computed histograms, a fuzzy logical algorithm is developed for automated detection of contaminated pixels. The algorithm is tested with KMTX radar data under different (clear and rainy) weather conditions. C1 [Liu Liping] Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Zhang, Pengfei; Liu, Shun] Univ Oklahoma, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Liu, LP (reprint author), Chinese Acad Meteorol Sci, State Key Lab Severe Weather, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM lpliu@cams.cma.gov.cn RI AAS, AAS/C-2949-2014 FU NOAA [A8R2WRP]; FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) [IA#DTFA03-01-X-9007]; ONR (Office of Naval Research) [N000140310822] FX The authors are thankful to Dr. Mary Meacham for proofreading the manuscript. The research work was supported by the NOAA A8R2WRP project and FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) contract IA#DTFA03-01-X-9007 to NSSL (National Severe Storms Laboratory) and by the ONR (Office of Naval Research) Grant N000140310822 to the University of Oklahoma NR 7 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SCIENCE CHINA PRESS PI BEIJING PA 16 DONGHUANGCHENGGEN NORTH ST, BEIJING 100717, PEOPLES R CHINA SN 0256-1530 J9 ADV ATMOS SCI JI Adv. Atmos. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 25 IS 5 BP 778 EP 790 DI 10.1007/s00376-008-0778-x PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 359NX UT WOS:000259995200009 ER PT J AU Mackey, EA Cronise, MP Fales, CN Greenberg, RR Leigh, SD Long, SE Marlow, AF Murphy, KE Oflaz, R Sieber, JR Rearick, MS Wood, LJ Yu, LL Hall, W Kane, P AF Mackey, Elizabeth A. Cronise, Mark P. Fales, Curtis N. Greenberg, Robert R. Leigh, Stefan D. Long, Stephen E. Marlow, Anthony F. Murphy, Karen E. Oflaz, Rabia Sieber, John R. Rearick, Michael S. Wood, Laura J. Yu, Lee L. Hall, William Kane, Peter TI Multi-Nutrient Fertilizer Standard Reference Material for Trace Elements SO AMERICAN LABORATORY LA English DT Article C1 [Mackey, Elizabeth A.; Cronise, Mark P.; Fales, Curtis N.; Greenberg, Robert R.; Leigh, Stefan D.; Long, Stephen E.; Marlow, Anthony F.; Murphy, Karen E.; Oflaz, Rabia; Sieber, John R.; Rearick, Michael S.; Wood, Laura J.; Yu, Lee L.; Hall, William; Kane, Peter] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hall, William] Mosa Co, W Mulberry, FL USA. [Kane, Peter] Purdue Univ, Off Indiana State Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Mackey, EA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lmackey@nist.gov RI Yu, Lee/N-7263-2015 OI Yu, Lee/0000-0002-8043-6853 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER LABORATORY-LABCOMPARE PI SHELTON PA 30 CONTROLS DRIVE, SHELTON, CT 06484 USA SN 0044-7749 J9 AM LAB JI Am. Lab. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 40 IS 17 SU S BP 20 EP 21 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 361GW UT WOS:000260116500007 ER PT J AU Atakan, V Chen, CW Paul, R Riman, RE AF Atakan, Vahit Chen, Chun-Wei Paul, Rick Riman, Richard E. TI Quantification of hydroxyl content in ceramic oxides: A prompt gamma activation analysis study of BaTiO(3) SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID HYDROTHERMAL BARIUM-TITANATE; UPPER-MANTLE; FINE PARTICLES; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; HYDROGEN DEFECTS; THIN-FILMS; WATER; POWDERS; RHEOLOGY; FACILITY AB Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques for water content determination were compared with a neutron characterization technique, prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA). Residual H content in the samples, heat treated at various temperatures, was measured with PGAA and compared with the results obtained from TGA. Two major difficulties in TGA were overlapping of mass loss regimes due to removal of different species and residual water that could not be removed, even though the samples were heated above 900 degrees C. After 3 h of heat treatment at 900 degrees C, 0.007% mass fraction H remained in the sample. FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of H semiquantitatively. It is concluded that residual H remains even after high-temperature treatments. C1 [Atakan, Vahit; Chen, Chun-Wei; Riman, Richard E.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Paul, Rick] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Atakan, V (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, 98 Brett Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. EM vahit@rci.rutgers.edu FU Ferro Corporation, South Plainfield, NJ; NCNR NIST FX We would like to thank Drs Ian Burn and Pascal Pinceloup at DMC2 for initiating this study, and we acknowledge the support of Ferro Corporation, South Plainfield, NJ, in providing financial support for this work. We would like to thank Drs. Terry Udovic and Richard Lindstrom at NCNR NIST for their kind support and comments on PGAA measurements. NR 59 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 17 BP 6626 EP 6632 DI 10.1021/ac800020z PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 343PF UT WOS:000258865300026 PM 18681456 ER PT J AU Nalli, NR Minnett, PJ Maddy, E McMillan, WW Goldberg, MD AF Nalli, Nicholas R. Minnett, Peter J. Maddy, Eric McMillan, W. Wallace Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI Emissivity and reflection model for calculating unpolarized isotropic water surface-leaving radiance in the infrared. 2: Validation using Fourier transform spectrometers SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; OCEAN; TEMPERATURE; SATELLITE; INTERFEROMETER; LIQUIDS; MU AB The surface-leaving radiance model developed in Part I [Appl. Opt. 47, 3701 (2008)] is validated against an exhaustive set of Fourier transform spectrometer field observations acquired at sea. Unlike prior limited studies, these data include varying all-sky atmospheric conditions (clear, cloudy, and dusty), with regional samples from the tropics, mid-latitudes, and high latitudes. Our analyses show the model to have reduced bias over standard models at emission angles greater than or similar to 45 degrees. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Nalli, Nicholas R.; Maddy, Eric] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Perot Syst Govt Serv Inc, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Minnett, Peter J.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL USA. [Maddy, Eric; McMillan, W. Wallace] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Nalli, NR (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Perot Syst Govt Serv Inc, 5211 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM Nick.Nalli@noaa.gov RI Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010 OI Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537; Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X FU NASA [NAS5-31361, NNG04HZ33C, NG-1224]; U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE 0327188, ATM-9703167]; Howard University FX This work was supported by the Joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation (JCSDA) FY05-06 Science Development and Implementation Task (JSDI, J. Yoe and J. Le Marshall) and the NESDIS/ STAR Satellite Meteorology and Climatology Division. We thank C. Barnet (NESDIS/STAR task monitor) and C. Dean (PSGS program manager) for their support of this project. NASA funded the development of the M-AERI through contract NAS5-31361 along with several of the research cruises (NNG04HZ33C); the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) supported the SAGE cruise (OCE 0327188), and the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program of the U.S. Department of Energy contributed to the CSP cruise. The AEROSE campaigns have been supported by the Howard University NOAA Center for Atmospheric Sciences through the Educational Partnership Program's Minority Serving Institutions Program, NSF Grant ATM-9703167 and NASA Grant NG-1224. We also extend our thanks to B. Howell (University of Wisconsin-Madison) for providing us with AERI to NetCDF conversion software, two reviewers who provided constructive feedback, and P. Clemente-Colon, M. Szczodrak, M. Izaguirre, W L. Smith, R. Knuteson, B. Osborne along with others too numerous to mention here who contributed to the success of many FTS field campaigns conducted over the past decade. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 25 BP 4649 EP 4671 DI 10.1364/AO.47.004649 PG 23 WC Optics SC Optics GA 351GP UT WOS:000259413000023 PM 18758537 ER PT J AU Zheleva, T Derenge, M Ewing, D Shah, P Jones, K Lee, U Robins, L AF Zheleva, T. Derenge, M. Ewing, D. Shah, P. Jones, K. Lee, U. Robins, L. TI Improved performance of Schottky diodes on pendeoepitaxial gallium nitride SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID DISLOCATION DENSITY; PENDEO-EPITAXY; GAN; REDUCTION AB We designed experiments to investigate the role of dislocation density on the performance of Schottky diodes fabricated on a GaN material grown conventionally and by pendeo-epitaxy. Devices of varying geometries were fabricated on low defect density GaN regions grown selectively via pendeo-epitaxy. In addition, corresponding devices were fabricated on the conventional GaN material with a high density of dislocations. Schottky diodes fabricated on pendeo-material showed nearly two orders of magnitude lower leakage current and displayed improved ideality factor, while diodes built on a conventional material displayed nonideal characteristics. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Zheleva, T.; Derenge, M.; Ewing, D.; Shah, P.; Jones, K.; Lee, U.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD SE RL, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Robins, L.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zheleva, T (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD SE RL, SEDD, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM tzheleva@arl.army.mil NR 14 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 9 AR 091909 DI 10.1063/1.2978404 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345DH UT WOS:000258975800031 ER PT J AU Feldman, U Ralchenko, Y Landi, E AF Feldman, Uri Ralchenko, Yuri Landi, Enrico TI Nonthermal electron measurements in solar flares with Hinode EIS SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE line : formation; Sun : corona; Sun : UV radiation ID ATOMIC DATABASE; EMISSION-LINES; MISSION; DIAGNOSTICS; ABUNDANCES; TELESCOPE; PLASMAS; CHIANTI; REGION; CORONA AB The spectral range of the Hinode EIS (EUV Imaging Spectrometer) instrument is 170-211 angstrom and 245-291 angstrom; lines emitted by low-energy levels in highly ionized Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, as well as the very energetic 1s2s S-3(1)-1s2p P-3(2) transition in Fe xxv, appear in the EIS range. In this paper, we investigate the use of these lines for detecting the presence of nonthermal, high-energy electrons in flares. We first calculate line fluxes among the various lines expected in the EIS range, assuming that the electron velocity distribution is strictly Maxwellian. Then, we calculate line fluxes using a velocity distribution composed of a Maxwellian distribution plus an additional population of electrons with a temperature of 10 keV (1.2 x 10(8) K) providing 1%, 2%, 4%, 7%, and 10% of the total free electrons. The calculations indicate that flux ratios between the highly excited Fe xxv line and lines originating in low-lying levels of other highly ionized ions in the EIS range could shed light on the electron velocity distribution in hot flare plasmas. C1 [Feldman, Uri; Landi, Enrico] USN, Artep Inc, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Ralchenko, Yuri] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Feldman, U (reprint author), USN, Artep Inc, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RI Ralchenko, Yuri/B-7687-2011; Landi, Enrico/H-4493-2011; Ralchenko, Yuri/E-9297-2016 OI Ralchenko, Yuri/0000-0003-0083-9554 FU NASA [NNG06EA14I, NNH06CD24C]; US Department of Energy FX The work of E. L. is supported by the NNG06EA14I, NNH06CD24C, and other NASA grants. The work of Y. R. is supported in part by the Office of Fusion Energy Sciences of the US Department of Energy. Hinode is a Japanese mission developed and launched by ISAS/JAXA, with NAOJ as domestic partner, and NASA and STFC (UK) as international partners. It is operated by these agencies in cooperation with ESA and NSC (Norway). NR 25 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU UNIV CHICAGO PRESS PI CHICAGO PA 1427 E 60TH ST, CHICAGO, IL 60637-2954 USA SN 0004-637X J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 684 IS 1 BP 707 EP 714 DI 10.1086/589733 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 341QV UT WOS:000258730700053 ER PT J AU Rabinovich, AB Thomson, RE Titov, VV Stephenson, FE Rogers, GC AF Rabinovich, Alexander B. Thomson, Richard E. Titov, Vasily V. Stephenson, Fred E. Rogers, Garry C. TI Locally Generated Tsunamis Recorded on the Coast of British Columbia SO ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN LA English DT Article ID 26 DECEMBER 2004; GREAT EARTHQUAKES; SPECTRAL-ANALYSIS; SUMATRA-TSUNAMI; CANADA; PACIFIC; SIGNALS; MARGIN; WAVES; OCEAN AB This study presents analyses and numerical simulations of local tsunamis generated by two recent earthquakes off the coast of British Columbia. The Queen Charlotte Islands earthquake (M-w = 6.1) on 12 October 2001 generated waves that were recorded by tide gauges at Bamfield. Tofino. Winter Harbour and Port Hardy on the coast of Vancouver Island, with maximum measured wave heights of 11.3, 18.2, 22.7 and 14.5 cm, respectively. The Explorer Plate earthquake off Vancouver Island (M-w = 6.6) on 2 November 2004 generated waves recorded only at Bamfield and Tofino, with lower heights of 7.5cm and 10.8cm, respectively. The generation of tsunamis by these moderate, M-w = 6.1-6.6, local earthquake suggests the possibility of destructive tsunamis from local sources other than the Cascadia Subduction Zone. This, in turn, has implications for tsunami hazards for this seismically active region of coastal North America. C1 [Rabinovich, Alexander B.; Thomson, Richard E.] Inst Ocean Sci, Ocean Sci Div, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Titov, Vasily V.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Rabinovich, Alexander B.] Russian Acad Sci, PP Shirshov Oceanol Inst, Moscow, Russia. [Stephenson, Fred E.] Inst Ocean Sci, Canadian Hydrog Serv, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. [Rogers, Garry C.] Geol Survey Canada, Pacific Geosci Ctr, Nat Resources Canada, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. RP Thomson, RE (reprint author), Inst Ocean Sci, Ocean Sci Div, Dept Fisheries & Oceans, Sidney, BC V8L 4B2, Canada. EM Richard.Thomson@dfo-mpo.gc.ca OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 46 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU CMOS-SCMO PI OTTAWA PA BOX 3211, STATION D, OTTAWA, ON K1P 6H7, CANADA SN 0705-5900 J9 ATMOS OCEAN JI Atmos.-Ocean PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 3 BP 343 EP 360 DI 10.3137/ao.460304 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 360XV UT WOS:000260093000004 ER PT J AU Zhang, XY Kondragunta, S Schmidt, C Kogan, F AF Zhang, Xiaoyang Kondragunta, Shobha Schmidt, Christopher Kogan, Felix TI Near real time monitoring of biomass burning particulate emissions (PM2.5) across contiguous United States using multiple satellite instruments SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Biomass burning emissions; Particulate matter; Multiple satellite instruments; GOES; Near real time ID AIR-QUALITY; RESOLUTION DATA; SOUTH-AMERICA; DIURNAL FIRE; VEGETATION; AREA; VARIABILITY; MODELS-3; PRODUCTS; TEMPERATURE AB Biomass burning is a major source of aerosols that affect air quality and the Earth's radiation budget. Current estimates of biomass burning emissions vary markedly due to uncertainties in biomass density, combustion efficiency, emission factor, and burned area. This study explores the modeling of biomass burning emissions using satellite-derived vegetative fuel loading, fuel moisture, and burned area across Contiguous United States (CONUS). The fuel loading is developed from Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data including land cover type, vegetation continuous field, and monthly leaf area index. The weekly fuel moisture category is retrieved from AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) Global Vegetation Index (GVIx) data for the determination of fuel combustion efficiency and emission factor. The burned area is simulated using half-hourly fire sizes obtained from the GOES (Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites) Wildfire Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm (WF_ABBA) fire product. By integrating all these parameters, quantities of PM2.5 (particulate mass for particles with diameter <2.5 mu m) aerosols are calculated for each individual fire at an interval of half hour from 2002-2005 across CONUS. The PM2.5 estimates indicate that the annual PM2.5 emissions are 3.49 x 10(5), 3.30 x 10(5), 1.80 x 10(5), and 2.24 x 10(5) tons for 2002 (April to December), 2003, 2004, and 2005, respectively. Among various ecosystems, forest fires release more than 44% of the emissions although the related burned areas only account for less than 30%. Spatially, PM2.5 emissions are larger in California for all these years, but only for some individual years in Oregon, Montana, Arkansas, Florida, Arizona, Louisiana, and Idaho. Finally, the calculated PM2.5 emissions are evaluated using national wildfire emission inventory data (NWEI) and compared with estimates from different fuel loadings. The difference between NWEI and GOES fire-based estimate is less than 20% if the same fuel data are used. The evaluation suggests that the biomass burning emissions derived from multiple satellite data provide realistic spatiotemporal patterns and can be assimilated into air quality models for forecasts in real or near real time. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhang, Xiaoyang] NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Schmidt, Christopher] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Zhang, XY (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Resources Technol Inc, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM xiaoyang.zhang@noaa.gov RI Kogan, Felix/F-5600-2010; Zhang, Xiaoyang/E-3208-2010; Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010 OI Kogan, Felix/0000-0001-8216-900X; Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046 FU NOAA joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation FX This work was funded with support from NOAA joint Center for Satellite Data Assimilation. We also wish to thank Don McKenzie for providing FCCS fuel loading dataset, and Wei Gou for providing AVHRR data. The views, opinions, and findings contained in these works are those of the author(s) and should not be interpreted as an official NOAA or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 66 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 0 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 42 IS 29 BP 6959 EP 6972 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.04.060 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 369WV UT WOS:000260725500010 ER PT J AU Le Marshall, J Jung, J Goldberg, M Barnet, C Wolf, W Derber, J Treadon, R Lord, S AF Le Marshall, J. Jung, J. Goldberg, M. Barnet, C. Wolf, W. Derber, J. Treadon, R. Lord, S. TI Using cloudy AIRS fields of view in numerical weather prediction SO AUSTRALIAN METEOROLOGICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID RADIANCES C1 [Le Marshall, J.] Australian Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Le Marshall, J.] CSIRO, Clayton, Vic, Australia. [Le Marshall, J.; Jung, J.] NASA, NOAA, Washington, DC USA. [Jung, J.] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Goldberg, M.; Barnet, C.; Wolf, W.] NOAA, NESDIS Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Washington, DC USA. [Derber, J.; Treadon, R.; Lord, S.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Washington, DC USA. RP Le Marshall, J (reprint author), Australian Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM j.lemarshall@bom.gov.au RI Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Wolf, Walter/E-7935-2011 OI Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833 NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 0 PU AUSTRALIAN BUREAU METEOROLOGY PI MELBOURNE PA GPO BOX 1289, MELBOURNE, VIC 3001, AUSTRALIA SN 0004-9743 J9 AUST METEOROL MAG JI Aust. Meteorol. Mag. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 57 IS 3 BP 249 EP 254 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 405SL UT WOS:000263244400005 ER PT J AU Gao, XG Ray, R Xiao, Y Ray, P AF Gao, Xiugong Ray, Radharaman Xiao, Yan Ray, Prabhati TI Suppression of inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production by macrolide antibiotics in sulfur mustard-exposed airway epithelial cells SO BASIC & CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NF-KAPPA-B; IN-VITRO; FLUORESCENT-PROBE; ROXITHROMYCIN; INFLAMMATION; LUNG; VIVO; MACROPHAGES; METABOLITES; MODULATION AB Sulfur mustard, a vesicant chemical warfare agent, causes airway injury due to massive release of destructive enzymes and mediators of inflammation. Nitric oxide plays an important yet controversial role in inflammation. An impressive number of reports suggest that excessive amount of nitric oxide may promote inflammation-induced cell injury and death. Overproduction of nitric oxide is catalysed by up-regulated expression of the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). In this study, we used quantum dot-mediated immunocytochemistry to analyse iNOS expression and flow cytometry to analyse the intracellular nitric oxide production in sulfur mustard-exposed normal human small airway epithelial cells and bronchial/tracheal epithelial cells and studied the effect of four US Food and Drug Administration-approved macrolide antibiotics, namely, azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin and roxithromycin. Exposure to 100 mu M sulfur mustard significantly up-regulated iNOS expression and resulted in overproduction of nitric oxide in these cells. Addition of macrolide antibiotics to 100 mu M in the medium reduced both iNOS expression and nitric oxide production to near normal level. Thus, the current study provides in vitro evidence of the immunomodulatory effects of macrolide antibiotics in sulfur mustard-exposed airway epithelial cells. These results suggest that macrolide antibiotics may serve as potential vesicant respiratory therapeutics through mechanisms independent of their antibacterial activity. C1 [Ray, Prabhati] Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Biol, Mol Biol Sect, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ray, Radharaman] USA, Med Res Inst Chem Def, Div Res, Cell & Mol Biol Branch, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD USA. [Xiao, Yan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, DNA Measurements Grp, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Ray, P (reprint author), Walter Reed Army Inst Res, Div Expt Therapeut, Dept Biol, Mol Biol Sect, 503 Robert Grant Ave, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM prabhati.ray@us.army.mil FU Defense Threat Reduction Agency [3.F0003_05_WR_C] FX This research was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Project No. 3.F0003_05_WR_C. NR 42 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1742-7835 J9 BASIC CLIN PHARMACOL JI Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 103 IS 3 BP 255 EP 261 DI 10.1111/j.1742-7843.2008.00255.x PG 7 WC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Toxicology GA 337YV UT WOS:000258472300008 PM 18684233 ER PT J AU Johnson, DS Thomas, DL Hoef, JMV Christ, A AF Johnson, Devin S. Thomas, Dana L. Hoef, Jay M. Ver Christ, Aaron TI A general framework for the analysis of animal resource selection from telemetry data SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE autocorrelation; brown bear; discrete choice; persistence; resource selection; telemetry ID HABITAT SELECTION; AVAILABILITY DATA; RADIO TELEMETRY; HOME-RANGE; DIFFUSION; INFERENCE; MODELS AB We propose a general framework for the analysis of animal telemetry data through the use of weighted distributions. It is shown that several interpretations of resource selection functions arise when constructed from the ratio of a use and availability distribution. Through the proposed general framework, several popular resource selection models are shown to be special cases of the general model by making assumptions about animal movement and behavior. The weighted distribution framework is shown to be easily extended to readily account for telemetry data that are highly autocorrelated; as is typical with use of new technology such as global positioning systems animal relocations. An analysis of simulated data using several models constructed within the proposed framework is also presented to illustrate the possible gains from the flexible modeling framework. The proposed model is applied to a brown bear data set from southeast Alaska. C1 [Johnson, Devin S.; Hoef, Jay M. Ver] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Thomas, Dana L.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Dept Math & Stat, Fairbanks, AK 99709 USA. [Christ, Aaron] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Anchorage, AK 99518 USA. RP Johnson, DS (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM devin.johnson@noaa.gov OI Ver Hoef, Jay/0000-0003-4302-6895 NR 25 TC 46 Z9 48 U1 4 U2 48 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD SEP PY 2008 VL 64 IS 3 BP 968 EP 976 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2007.00943.x PG 9 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 337YE UT WOS:000258470600034 PM 18047525 ER PT J AU Kucerka, N Nagle, JF Sachs, JN Feller, SE Pencer, J Jackson, A Katsaras, J AF Kucerka, Norbert Nagle, John F. Sachs, Jonathan N. Feller, Scott E. Pencer, Jeremy Jackson, Andrew Katsaras, John TI Lipid bilayer structure determined by the simultaneous analysis of neutron and x-ray scattering data SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; COMPONENT VOLUMES; UNSATURATED PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYERS; UNILAMELLAR VESICLES; JOINT REFINEMENT; DIFFRACTION DATA; PHASE; CHOLESTEROL; DIPALMITOYLPHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE AB Quantitative structures were obtained for the fully hydrated fluid phases of dioleoylphosphatidylcholine ( DOPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ( DPPC) bilayers by simultaneously analyzing x-ray and neutron scattering data. The neutron data for DOPC included two solvent contrasts, 50% and 100% D2O. For DPPC, additional contrast data were obtained with deuterated analogs DPPC_d62, DPPC_d13, and DPPC_d9. For the analysis, we developed a model that is based on volume probability distributions and their spatial conservation. The model's design was guided and tested by a DOPC molecular dynamics simulation. The model consistently captures the salient features found in both electron and neutron scattering density profiles. A key result of the analysis is the molecular surface area, A. For DPPC at 50 degrees C A 63.0 angstrom(2), whereas for DOPC at 30 degrees C A 67.4 angstrom(2), with estimated uncertainties of 1 angstrom(2). Although A for DPPC agrees with a recently reported value obtained solely from the analysis of x-ray scattering data, A for DOPC is almost 10% smaller. This improved method for determining lipid areas helps to reconcile long-standing differences in the values of lipid areas obtained from stand-alone x-ray and neutron scattering experiments and poses new challenges for molecular dynamics simulations. C1 [Kucerka, Norbert; Katsaras, John] CNR, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Kucerka, Norbert] Comenius Univ, Fac Pharm, Dept Phys Chem Drugs, Bratislava 83232, Slovakia. [Nagle, John F.] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Sachs, Jonathan N.] Univ Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Feller, Scott E.] Wabash Coll, Dept Chem, Crawfordsville, IN 47933 USA. [Pencer, Jeremy] Atom Energy Canada Ltd, Chalk River Labs, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada. [Jackson, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Katsaras, John] Brock Univ, Dept Phys, St Catharines, ON L2S 3A1, Canada. [Katsaras, John] Univ Guelph, Guelph Waterloo Phys Inst, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. [Katsaras, John] Univ Guelph, Biophys Interdept Grp, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada. RP Kucerka, N (reprint author), Natl Res Council Canada, Canadian Neutron Beam Ctr, Chalk River Labs, Stn 18, Chalk River, ON K0J 1P0, Canada. EM norbert.kucerka@nrc.gc.ca RI Jackson, Andrew/B-9793-2008; Nagle, John/B-1917-2015; OI Jackson, Andrew/0000-0002-6296-0336; Nagle, John/0000-0002-9844-5934; Pencer, Jeremy/0000-0002-1796-0230; Katsaras, John/0000-0002-8937-4177 FU NIGMS NIH HHS [GM 44976, DMR0225180, R01 GM044976] NR 38 TC 240 Z9 240 U1 10 U2 93 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2356 EP 2367 DI 10.1529/biophysj.108.132662 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 337ZJ UT WOS:000258473900022 PM 18502796 ER PT J AU Xu, YC Colletier, JP Weik, M Jiang, HL Moult, J Silman, I Sussman, JL AF Xu, Yechun Colletier, Jacques-Philippe Weik, Martin Jiang, Hualiang Moult, John Silman, Israel Sussman, Joel L. TI Flexibility of aromatic residues in the active-site gorge of acetylcholinesterase: X-ray versus molecular dynamics SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TORPEDO-CALIFORNICA ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE; PARTICLE MESH EWALD; PERIPHERAL SITE; BACK-DOOR; ALZHEIMERS-DISEASE; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURES; PRODUCT CLEARANCE; DRUG DESIGN; BINDING; SIMULATION AB The high aromatic content of the deep and narrow active-site gorge of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is a remarkable feature of this enzyme. Here, we analyze conformational flexibility of the side chains of the 14 conserved aromatic residues in the active-site gorge of Torpedo californica AChE based on the 47 three-dimensional crystal structures available for the native enzyme, and for its complexes and conjugates, and on a 20-ns molecular dynamics (MD) trajectory of the native enzyme. The degree of flexibility of these 14 aromatic side chains is diverse. Although the side-chain conformations of F330 and W279 are both very flexible, the side-chain conformations of F120, W233, W432, Y70, Y121, F288, F290 and F331 appear to be fixed. Residues located on, or adjacent to, the V-loop (C67-C94), namely W84, Y130, Y442, and Y334, display different flexibilities in the MD simulations and in the crystal structures. An important outcome of our study is that the majority of the side-chain conformations observed in the 47 Torpedo californica AChE crystal structures are faithfully reproduced by the MD simulation on the native enzyme. Thus, the protein can assume these conformations even in the absence of the ligand that permitted their experimental detection. These observations are pertinent to structure-based drug design. C1 [Xu, Yechun; Sussman, Joel L.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Struct, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Xu, Yechun; Silman, Israel] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Neurobiol, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. [Colletier, Jacques-Philippe] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Energy, Inst Genom & Proteom, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Colletier, Jacques-Philippe; Weik, Martin] Inst Biol Struct, Lab Mol Biophys, F-38027 Grenoble, France. [Jiang, Hualiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Shanghai Inst Mat Med, Ctr Drug Discovery & Design, Shanghai 201203, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Hualiang] E China Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Pharm, Shanghai 200237, Peoples R China. [Moult, John] NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Sussman, JL (reprint author), Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Biol Struct, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. EM Joel.Sussman@weizmann.ac.il OI Moult, John/0000-0002-3012-2282; Sussman, Joel/0000-0003-0306-3878 NR 61 TC 52 Z9 52 U1 1 U2 15 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 5 BP 2500 EP 2511 DI 10.1529/biophysj.108.129601 PG 12 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 337ZJ UT WOS:000258473900033 PM 18502801 ER PT J AU Peterson, TC Manton, MJ AF Peterson, Thomas C. Manton, Michael J. TI Monitoring changes in climate extremes - A tale of international collaboration SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC REGION; SOUTHEAST-ASIA; TEMPERATURE; TRENDS; RAINFALL; INDEXES C1 [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. [Manton, Michael J.] Monash Univ, Sch Math Sci, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. RP Peterson, TC (reprint author), NOAAs Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. EM Thomas.C.Peterson@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 89 IS 9 BP 1266 EP 1271 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2501.1 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 357GA UT WOS:000259833100005 ER PT J AU Renfrew, IA Petersen Outten Sproson Moore Hay Ohigashi Zhang Kristjansson Fore Olafsson Gray Irvine Bovis Brown Swinbank Haine Lawrence Pickart Shapiro Woolley AF Renfrew, I. A. Petersen Outten Sproson Moore Hay Ohigashi Zhang Kristjansson Fore Olafsson Gray Irvine Bovis Brown Swinbank Haine Lawrence Pickart Shapiro Woolley TI The Greenland flow distortion experiment SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TRANSFORM KALMAN FILTER; TARGETED OBSERVATIONS; BARRIER WINDS; IRMINGER SEA; ANTARCTIC PENINSULA; NORTHEAST ATLANTIC; WEATHER FORECASTS; DEEP CONVECTION; FIELD PROGRAM; LABRADOR SEA C1 [Renfrew, I. A.; Petersen; Outten; Sproson] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. [Moore; Hay; Ohigashi; Zhang] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Kristjansson; Fore] Univ Oslo, Dept Geophys, Oslo, Norway. [Olafsson] Univ Iceland, Dept Phys, Reykjavik, Iceland. [Olafsson] Univ Bergen, Bergen, Norway. [Gray; Irvine] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading, Berks, England. [Bovis; Brown; Swinbank] Met Off, Exeter, Devon, England. [Haine] Johns Hopkins Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Lawrence] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Pickart] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Shapiro] NOAA, Environm Technol Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Woolley] Facil Airborne Atmospher Measurement, Cranfield, Beds, England. RP Renfrew, IA (reprint author), Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich NR4 7TJ, Norfolk, England. EM i.renfrew@bas.ac.uk RI Renfrew, Ian/E-4057-2010; Irvine, Emma/G-6006-2012; Gray, Suzanne/J-6485-2016 OI Renfrew, Ian/0000-0001-9379-8215; Gray, Suzanne/0000-0001-8658-362X FU Natural Environmental Research Council [NE/CO03365/1]; Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences [GR-641]; European Union Fleet for Airborne Research; European Union Coordinated Observing System FX The GFDex would not have been possible without the dedication and flexibility shown by all at the FAAM, DirectFlight, and Avalon. GFDex was funded by the Natural Environmental Research Council (NE/CO03365/1), the Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences (GR-641), and the European Union Fleet for Airborne Research (EUFAR) and European Union Coordinated Observing System (EUCOS) schemes. In particular, we would like to thank the managers and facilitators of these two EU schemes: John Foot, Dave Kindred, Jim Caughey, Stuart Goldstraw, Stefan Klink, Rudolf Krockauer, Hreinn Hjartarson, and Nis Jepsen. We would like to acknowledge the role of the International Polar Year in providing contacts and an embryonic IPY THORPEX research network. The experiment received real-time data support from the Dundee Satellite Receiving Station, the Met Office, the Vedurstofa Islands (Icelandic Meteorological Office), the ECMWF, and the Storm Weather Centre (Norway); we would like to thank Neil Lonie, Andrew Brooks, Tim Hewson, and Socunn Halldorsdottir for their contributions here. We would like to acknowledge help from the Icelandic Aviation Authorities during the field program and the British Atmospheric Data Centre, particularly Wendy Garland, for archiving the GFDex data (see http:// badc.nerc.ac.uk./data/gfdex/). Finally, we would like to thank the paper reviewers for their thoughtful suggestions. NR 58 TC 56 Z9 57 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 89 IS 9 BP 1307 EP 1324 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2508.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 357GA UT WOS:000259833100010 ER PT J AU Peterson, TC Connolley, WM Fleck, J AF Peterson, Thomas C. Connolley, William M. Fleck, John TI The myth of the 1970s global cooling scientific consensus SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Review ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; MEAN SURFACE-TEMPERATURE; DEEP-SEA SEDIMENTS; CLIMATIC-CHANGE; CLIMATOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES; NONEQUILIBRIUM MODEL; PLANETARY TEMPERATURES; AEROSOL CONCENTRATIONS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE; ICE-AGE C1 [Peterson, Thomas C.] NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. [Connolley, William M.] Natl Environm Res Council, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England. RP Peterson, TC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28803 USA. EM Thomas.C.Peterson@noaa.gov NR 125 TC 20 Z9 22 U1 3 U2 28 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 89 IS 9 BP 1325 EP 1337 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2370.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 357GA UT WOS:000259833100011 ER PT J AU Lewis, JM AF Lewis, John M. TI Smagorinsky's GFDL - Building the team SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER PREDICTION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION C1 [Lewis, John M.] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Lewis, John M.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Lewis, JM (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jlewis@dri.edu NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 89 IS 9 BP 1339 EP 1353 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2599.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 357GA UT WOS:000259833100012 ER PT J AU Glahn, B AF Glahn, Bob TI Reforecasts: An important dataset for improving weather predictions SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID PRINCIPAL COMPONENTS ANALYSES; DOMAIN SHAPE; CANONICAL CORRELATION; FORECAST SKILL; HEIGHT FIELD; REANALYSIS C1 NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Glahn, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Off Sci & Technol, Meteorol Dev Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 19 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 89 IS 9 BP 1373 EP 1376 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2725.1 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 357GA UT WOS:000259833100014 ER PT J AU Hamill, TM Whitaker, JS Mullen, SL AF Hamill, Thomas M. Whitaker, Jeffrey S. Mullen, Steven L. TI Reforecasts: An important dataset for improving weather predictions - Reply SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Editorial Material ID GFS ENSEMBLE REFORECASTS; CALIBRATION; PRECIPITATION; TEMPERATURES; HEIGHT; ECMWF C1 [Hamill, Thomas M.; Whitaker, Jeffrey S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Mullen, Steven L.] Univ Arizona, Dept Atmospher Sci, Tucson, AZ USA. RP Hamill, TM (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 89 IS 9 BP 1376 EP 1378 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2726.1 PG 3 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 357GA UT WOS:000259833100015 ER PT J AU Lowry, MS Carretta, JV Forney, KA AF Lowry, Mark S. Carretta, James V. Forney, Karin A. TI PACIFIC HARBOR SEAL CENSUS IN CALIFORNIA DURING MAY-JULY 2002 AND 2004 SO CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME LA English DT Article ID PHOCA-VITULINA-RICHARDSI; COUNTS; PHOTOGRAPHS; ISLAND AB An aerial photographic census Of Pacific harbor seals, Phoca vitulina richardsi, was conducted in California from May to July in 2002 and 2004 to document the number of seals hauled out during the molt period. To compensate for latitudinal differences in the timing of the molt, the state was divided into three strata. Surveys began in the southernmost stratum in May of each year and progressed north in June and July. Aerial photographic surveys at the Channel Islands and the mainland coast of southern California occurred during the afternoon high-low tide cycle. Surveys in central and northern California generally occurred after 0800 hours during the morning low-low tide cycle at tide levels of +0.5 m (re: MLLW) or less. Color transparency photographs of harbor seals were taken from an aircraft flying at an altitude of about 213 m with a 126-mm-format camera equipped with image motion compensation and A the geographical position of each photograph was recorded by linking I the camera to a computer and Global Positioning System (GPS). In 2002, A there were 3,878 harbor seals counted onshore at the Channel Islands, A 17,555 along the mainland coast and San Francisco Bay estuary, and 21,433 harbor seals statewide. In 2004, there were 4,344 harbor seals counted onshore at the Channel Islands, 21,989 along the mainland A coast and San Francisco Bay estuary, and 26,333 statewide. In southern A California, approximately 70% of seals were found at Santa Cruz, Santa A Rosa, and San Miguel islands. After dividing the mainland counts by 0.5 degrees latitude segments to document distribution of seals, segment 37.50 degrees A to 37.99 degrees N latitude had the highest number of seals. No seals were found along the mainland along the section of coastline that included A Los Angeles and Orange counties, and north San Diego County. The population of harbor seals in California during 2004 was estimated to be 43,449 Individuals using a factor of 1.65 to correct for the fraction of seals not hauled out during overflights. C1 [Lowry, Mark S.; Carretta, James V.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Forney, Karin A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Lowry, MS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM mark.lowry@noaa.gov; jim.carretta@noaa.gov; karin.forney@noaa.gov FU Marine Mammal Research [774-1714]; National Marine Sanctuary [MULTI-2002-003] FX J. Scordino of the National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Region, Seattle, Washington, and D. Colpo of Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission, Portland, Oregon provided funds for the surveys. W. Perryman of the Southwest Fisheries Science Center (SWFSC) provided camera equipment and M. Lynn of the SWFSC maintained the camera equipment in working condition. D. Richards of Channel Islands National Park and C. Bonin, E. LaCasella, and K. Danil of the SWFSC assisted during our surveys. Aspen Helicopters, Oxnard, California provided aircraft support, and T. McLoughlin, R. Throckmorton, K. Kintz, E. Saenz, and D. Fedderson piloted the aircraft. We thank all the participants of the harbor seal workshop held at the SWFSC during 28-29 March 2002 for helping us plan our surveys. D. Green of the Richmond Bridge Harbor Seal Survey, San Francisco State University, W. Sydeman, R. Bradley, and P. Pyle of PRBO Conservation Science, S. Allen and B.Sommerfeldt of Point Reyes National Seashore, and R. Read of California Department of Fish and Game shared their unpublished data with us. The research was conducted under Marine Mammal Research Permit No. 774-1714 and National Marine Sanctuary Permit No. MULTI-2002-003. The manuscript was reviewed by S. Allen, H. Huber, J. Barlow, D. Hanan, and an anonymous reviewer. NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 8 PU CALIFORNIA FISH AND GAME EDITOR PI SACRAMENTO PA 1416 NINTH ST, SACRAMENTO, CA 95814 USA SN 0008-1078 J9 CALIF FISH GAME JI Calif. Fish Game PD FAL PY 2008 VL 94 IS 4 BP 180 EP 193 PG 14 WC Fisheries; Zoology SC Fisheries; Zoology GA 407XO UT WOS:000263397800003 ER PT J AU Courbois, JY Katz, SL Isaak, DJ Steel, EA Thurow, RF Rub, AMW Olsen, T Jordan, CE AF Courbois, Jean-Yves Katz, Stephen L. Isaak, Daniel J. Steel, E. Ashley Thurow, Russell F. Rub, A. Michelle Wargo Olsen, Tony Jordan, Chris E. TI Evaluating probability sampling strategies for estimating redd counts: an example with Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TEMPORAL VARIATION; RESOURCES; DESIGNS; IDAHO AB Precise, unbiased estimates of population size are an essential tool for fisheries management. For a wide variety of salmonid fishes, redd counts from a sample of reaches are commonly used to monitor annual trends in abundance. Using a 9-year time series of georeferenced censuses of Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) redds from central Idaho, USA, we evaluated a wide range of common sampling strategies for estimating the total abundance of redds. We evaluated two sampling-unit sizes (200 and 1000 m reaches), three sample proportions (0.05, 0.10 and 0.29) and six sampling strategies (index sampling, simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, adaptive cluster sampling, and a spatially balanced design). We evaluated the strategies based on their accuracy (confidence interval coverage), precision (relative standard error) and cost (based on travel time). Accuracy increased with increasing number of redds, increasing sample size, and smaller sampling units. The total number of redds in the watershed and budgetary constraints influenced which strategies were most precise and effective. For years with very few redds (<0.15 redds.km (1)), a stratified sampling strategy and inexpensive strategies were most efficient, whereas for year with more redds (0.15-2.9 redds.km (1)) either of two more expensive systematic strategies were most precise. C1 [Courbois, Jean-Yves; Katz, Stephen L.; Steel, E. Ashley; Rub, A. Michelle Wargo; Jordan, Chris E.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Isaak, Daniel J.; Thurow, Russell F.] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, Boise Aquat Sci Lab, Boise, ID 83702 USA. [Olsen, Tony] US EPA, NHEERL, Western Ecol Div, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. RP Jordan, CE (reprint author), US EPA, NOAA Fisheries, 200 SW 35Th St, Corvallis, OR 97333 USA. EM chris.jordan@noaa.gov RI Isaak, Dan/C-8818-2011; OI Steel, E. Ashley/0000-0001-5091-276X FU Bonneville power Administration [2003-017] FX We thank Steven Smith. George Pess, Martin Liermann, and two anonymous reviewers for constructive critiques of the Manuscript and Blake Feist for expert assistance on the figures. This work was funded in part by the Bonneville power Administration (Project 2003-017 to CEJ). NR 32 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 65 IS 9 BP 1814 EP 1830 DI 10.1139/F08-092 PG 17 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 361HR UT WOS:000260119200003 ER PT J AU Kimura, DK AF Kimura, Daniel K. TI Extending the von Bertalanffy growth model using explanatory variables SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID NATURAL MORTALITY; ANOPLOPOMA-FIMBRIA; TAGGED SABLEFISH; CURVE PARAMETERS; RECAPTURE DATA; FISH STOCKS; AGE DATA; PACIFIC; INCREMENT; MOVEMENT AB von Bertalanffy parameters are usually estimated for a species, perhaps by sex, in some well-defined geographical area. An alternative way to estimate von Bertalanffy parameters is to model them in a general fixed-effects nonlinear model. For this model, the length of the ith individual is modeled as y(i) = f(phi, t(i), x(i)) + epsilon(i), where y(i) is the length and t(i) is the age of the ith specimen at the time of sampling, phi are the unknown parameters required to model von Bertalanffy growth, and x(i) are covariates associated with the ith specimen that minimally contain sex information (x(i)), but may also contain additional covariates. Standard nonlinear least squares and associated likelihood methods can be used to estimate parameters for this model. For Pacific ocean perch (Sebastes alutus), we model the effect that depth of collection has on estimated von Bertalanffy growth parameters: for sablefish (Anoplopoma fimbria), we model the effects due to latitude of collection: and for walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in the eastern Bering Sea, we model the effects due to variations in year classes. Results illustrate how modeling von Bertalanffy growth parameters directly using explanatory variables can be used to describe how growth relates to geographic, environmental, or biological factors. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kimura, DK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Dan.Kimura@noaa.gov NR 34 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 20 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 65 IS 9 BP 1879 EP 1891 DI 10.1139/F08-091 PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 361HR UT WOS:000260119200007 ER PT J AU Gaichas, SK Francis, RC AF Gaichas, Sarah K. Francis, Robert C. TI Network models for ecosystem-based fishery analysis: a review of concepts and application to the Gulf of Alaska marine food web SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Review ID COMPLEX NETWORKS; ECOLOGICAL NETWORKS; FRAGILITY; PATTERNS; SIZE AB We apply graph theory and network analysis to the food web of the Gulf of Alaska marine ecosystem to classify its structural properties, which suggest how the ecosystem as a whole may respond to heavy fishing pressure on its components. Three conceptual models of network structure, random, small-world, and scale-free, each have different implications for system behavior and tolerance to perturbations. We constructed two food web network models using detailed quantitative information on the stomach contents of 57 predator (fish) species collected during trawl surveys of the Gulf of Alaska between 1981 and 2002. The resulting food webs displayed both small-world and scale-free network properties, suggesting that impacts on one species might spread to many through short interaction chains and that while most food web connections are not critical, a small set of fished species support critical structural connections. Ecosystem-based fish-cry management should therefore first focus on protecting the highly connected species in the network to avoid structural impacts of fishing on the food web. C1 [Gaichas, Sarah K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fishery Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Francis, Robert C.] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Gaichas, SK (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Resource Ecol & Fishery Management Div, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE,Bldg 4, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Sarah.Gaichas@noaa.gov FU Santa Fe Institute Complex Systems Summer School FX This work was initiated and inspired during the 2001 Santa Fe Institute Complex Systems Summer School, which provided funding for Sarah Gaichas to attend as it graduate student. The authors are grateful for reviews and constructive comments by Kerim Aydin, Robert Lauth, Grant Thompson, and two anonymous reviewers, all of which improved the Manuscript substantially. NR 34 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 18 PU CANADIAN SCIENCE PUBLISHING, NRC RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA 1200 MONTREAL ROAD, BUILDING M-55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X EI 1205-7533 J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 65 IS 9 BP 1965 EP 1982 DI 10.1139/F08-104 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 361HR UT WOS:000260119200014 ER PT J AU Semmens, BX AF Semmens, Brice Xavier TI Acoustically derived fine-scale behaviors of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) associated with intertidal benthic habitats in an estuary SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID RIVER ESTUARY; COHO SALMON; PREDATOR AVOIDANCE; COASTAL ESTUARIES; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; PACIFIC SALMON; MOVEMENT DATA; WASHINGTON; PERFORMANCE; ENVIRONMENT AB Given the presumed importance of benthic and epibenthic estuarine habitats in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) smolt growth and survival, resource managers would be well served by an improved understanding of how smolts use such habitats. A cabled acoustic positioning system was used to precisely track (<1 m resolution) the movement of seventeen 0-aged hatchery-reared fall Chinook smolts in a large (similar to 400 m(2)) enclosure over a period of 10 days in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA. A hierarchical Bayesian state-space model of movement was subsequently developed to associate the behaviors of tagged salmon with characteristics of benthic habitat in the enclosure. Model results indicated that smolts had a strong preference for remaining in native eelgrass (Zostera marina). Conversely, no such preference existed for other structured benthic habitats such as oyster (Crassostrea gigas) beds, non-native eelgrass (Zostera japonica), and non-native smooth crodgrass (Spartina alterniflora). There was a positive relationships between individual survivorship in the enclosure and the strength of behavioral preference for native eelgrass, suggesting that predator avoidance may be the evolutionary mechanism driving behavioral responses of smolts to benthic habitats. C1 [Semmens, Brice Xavier] Univ Washington, Dept Biol, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Semmens, BX (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM brice.semmens@noaa.gov FU US Department of Agriculture [2001-38500-10495] FX Many researchers aided in fieldwork, including J. Adler, E. Buhle. B. Dumbauld, T. Francis. D. Gilbert, K. Hoslman, G. Hosack. B. Kauffman, L. McCoy. K. McDonald. P. McDonald, W. Palen, D. Patterson, B. Pickering, A. Salomon, J. Scheuerell, M. Scheuerell, and A, Trimble. P.D. Boersma. J. Ruesink. D. Schindler, and three anonymous reviewers provided comments that greatly improved this manuscript. Special thanks to M. Weiland and D. Faber for their support and generosity. Equipment and infrastructure were provided by the Army Corps of Engineers, Batelle Science and Technology International. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Shellfish Lab, and the Port of Nahcotta. A grant from the US Department of Agriculture via the Western Regional Aquaculture Center (2001-38500-10495) supported this research. NR 51 TC 25 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 27 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 65 IS 9 BP 2053 EP 2062 DI 10.1139/F08-107 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 361HR UT WOS:000260119200021 ER PT J AU Bentz, DP Snyder, KA Cass, LC Peitz, MA AF Bentz, Dale P. Snyder, Kenneth A. Cass, Laura C. Peitz, Max A. TI Doubling the service life of concrete structures. I: Reducing ion mobility using nanoscale viscosity modifiers SO CEMENT & CONCRETE COMPOSITES LA English DT Article DE building technology; conduction; diffusion; nanotechnology; service life; viscosity ID QUANTIFY CHLORIDE INGRESS; AGNO3 SPRAY TESTS; DIFFUSION; CONDUCTIVITY; WEAKNESSES; ADVANTAGES AB A new approach for increasing the service life of concrete structures is presented. While conventional approaches have focused on producing a more impermeable matrix by reductions in water-to-cementitious materials ratio and the addition of fine particles such as silica fume, in the new approach, focus is shifted to the remaining pore solution through which diffusive transport will always be occurring. By adding appropriate nano-sized viscosity modifiers to the pore solution, conductive and diffusive transport can be reduced by basically the same factor as the viscosity increase relative to the viscosity of water (pore solution). Since in many degradation scenarios, service life is directly proportional to the diffusion coefficient of an ingressing ionic species such as chloride or sulfate ions, it is envisioned that a doubling of the service life of structural concrete can be achieved by increasing the pore solution viscosity by a factor of two. In part I of this series, viscosities of bulk solutions and electrical conductivities of solutions containing various concentrations of potassium chloride are examined to verify the viability of this revolutionary approach. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Bentz, Dale P.; Snyder, Kenneth A.; Cass, Laura C.; Peitz, Max A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bentz, DP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dale.bentz@nist.gov; kenneth.snyder@nist.gov; max.peltz@nist.gov NR 22 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0958-9465 J9 CEMENT CONCRETE COMP JI Cem. Concr. Compos. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 30 IS 8 BP 674 EP 678 DI 10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2008.05.001 PG 5 WC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science, Composites SC Construction & Building Technology; Materials Science GA 341SC UT WOS:000258734200002 ER PT J AU Hyett, G Green, MA Parkin, IP AF Hyett, Geoffrey Green, Mark A. Parkin, Ivan P. TI An Investigation of Titanium-Vanadium Nitride Phase Space, Conducted Using Combinatorial Atmospheric Pressure CVD SO CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION LA English DT Article DE APCVD; Combinatorial; Heat mirror; Titanium nitride; Vanadium nitride ID CHEMICAL-VAPOR-DEPOSITION; THIN-FILMS; COMPOSITIONAL SPREADS; COATINGS; OXYNITRIDE; DISCOVERY; FLUID; GLASS AB The technique of combinatorial atmospheric pressure (AP)CVD, a recent addition to the growing number of combinatorial materials methods, is used to form twelve members of the TixV1-xN alloy series with 0.29 < x < 0.94. This series of compounds has a rock-salt structure with TiN and VN as the end members. The twelve phases, which have potential use as heat mirror coatings, are all synthesized in a single experiment. The structure and properties of the materials are investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). The optical properties are considered using visible-IR spectroscopy (IRS), which allows the suitability of the films as solar control coatings to be investigated and optimized as a function of composition. C1 [Hyett, Geoffrey; Parkin, Ivan P.] UCL, Christopher Ingold Lab, London WC1H 0AJ, England. [Green, Mark A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hyett, G (reprint author), UCL, Christopher Ingold Lab, 20 Gordon St, London WC1H 0AJ, England. EM i.p.parkin@ucl.ic.uk RI Hyett, Geoffrey/C-1793-2008; OI Hyett, Geoffrey/0000-0001-9302-9723; Parkin, Ivan/0000-0002-4072-6610 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 11 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0948-1907 J9 CHEM VAPOR DEPOS JI Chem. Vapor Depos. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 14 IS 9-10 BP 309 EP 312 DI 10.1002/cvde.200806705 PG 4 WC Electrochemistry; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Electrochemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 369PH UT WOS:000260705900007 ER PT J AU Nelson, BC Pfeiffer, CM Zhang, M Duewer, DL Sharpless, KE Lippa, KA AF Nelson, Bryant C. Pfeiffer, Christine M. Zhang, Ming Duewer, David L. Sharpless, Katherine E. Lippa, Katrice A. TI Commutability of NIST SRM 1955 Homocysteine and Folate in Frozen Human Serum with selected total homocysteine immunoassays and enzymatic assays SO CLINICA CHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article DE cardiovascular disease; commutability; homocysteine; immunoassay; enzymatic assay; standard reference material ID PLASMA TOTAL HOMOCYSTEINE; EXTERNAL QUALITY ASSESSMENT; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIAL; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; METHYLMALONIC ACID; RISK-FACTOR; ANALYZER; PERFORMANCE; REGRESSION AB Background: The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has recently developed Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1955 Homocysteine and Folate in Frozen Human Serum with certified values for total homocysteine (tHcy) and 5-methyl-tetrahydrofolic acid. NIST has performed an international, interlaboratory assessment of SRM 1955 commutability; results are reported for tHcy only. Methods: Total Hcy was measured in 20 patient sera and in 3 levels of SRM 1955 using 14 immunoassays and/or enzymatic assays. Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was utilized as the reference assay. An "errors-in-variables" statistical model was utilized to assess the commutability of SRM 1955. Results: Normalized residuals ranged from -2.65 to 2.19 for SRM 1955. The median interlaboratory/interassay imprecision (CV) was approximate to 4% for patient specimens and ranged from approximate to 3% to approximate to 7% for SRM 1955. The median intra-assay imprecision ranged from approximate to 1% to approximate to 13%. Orthogonal residuals, as a descriptor of assay accuracy. ranged from 0.29 to 7.71 and from 0.20 to 2.22 for patient specimens and SRM 1955 samples, respectively. Conclusion: The current study suggests that SRM 1955 is commutable with the investigated tHcy assays; however, a broader specimen set needs to be evaluated to completely substantiate this conclusion. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Nelson, Bryant C.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pfeiffer, Christine M.; Zhang, Ming] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Div Sci Lab, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Duewer, David L.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Lippa, Katrice A.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryant.nelson@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 38 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0009-8981 J9 CLIN CHIM ACTA JI Clin. Chim. Acta PD SEP PY 2008 VL 395 IS 1-2 BP 99 EP 105 DI 10.1016/j.cca.2008.05.016 PG 7 WC Medical Laboratory Technology SC Medical Laboratory Technology GA 342QT UT WOS:000258799300019 PM 18565331 ER PT J AU Williams, DE Miller, MW Kramer, KL AF Williams, D. E. Miller, M. W. Kramer, K. L. TI Recruitment failure in Florida Keys Acropora palmata, a threatened Caribbean coral SO CORAL REEFS LA English DT Article DE fragment; disturbance; hurricane; disease ID LONG-TERM DECLINE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; VIRGIN-ISLANDS; CLONAL GROWTH; RAIN-FORESTS; REEF CORALS; PATTERNS; REPRODUCTION; RECOVERY; DISTURBANCE AB Recovery of Acropora palmata from its currently imperiled status depends on recruitment, a process which is poorly documented in existing Caribbean coral population studies. A. palmata is thought to be well adapted to proliferate through the recruitment of fragments resulting from physical disturbances, such as moderate intensity hurricanes. This study monitored fifteen 150 m(2) fixed study plots on the upper Florida Keys fore-reef for asexual and sexual recruitment from 2004 to 2007. Between July and October 2005, 4 hurricanes passed by the Florida Keys, producing wind speeds on the reef tract of 23 to 33 m s(-1). Surveys following the hurricanes documented an average loss of 52% estimated live tissue area within the study plots. The percentage of "branching" colonies in the population decreased from 67% to 42% while "remnant" colonies (isolated patches of tissue on standing skeleton) increased from 11% to 27%. Although some detached branches remained as loose fragments, more than 70% of the 380 fragments observed in the study plots were dead or rapidly losing tissue 3 weeks after Hurricane Dennis. Over the course of the study, only 27 fragments became attached to the substrate to form successful asexual recruits. Meanwhile, of the 18 new, small encrusting colonies that were observed in the study, only 2 were not attributable to asexual origin (i.e., remnant tissue from colonies or fragments previously observed) and are therefore possible sexual recruits. In summary, the 2005 hurricane season resulted in substantial loss of A. palmata from the upper Florida Keys fore-reef from a combination of physical removal and subsequent disease-like tissue mortality, and yielded few recruits of either sexual or asexual origin. Furthermore, the asexual and sexual fecundity of the remaining population is compromised for the near future due to the lack of branches (i.e., "asexual fecundity") and overall loss of live tissue. C1 [Williams, D. E.; Miller, M. W.] NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Williams, D. E.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kramer, K. L.] Natl Pk Serv, Pacific Isl Network Inventory & Monitoring, Hawaii Natl Pk, HI 96718 USA. RP Williams, DE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 75 Virginia Beach Dr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM dana.williams@noaa.gov OI Williams, Dana/0000-0002-9660-5359 NR 44 TC 42 Z9 46 U1 2 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0722-4028 J9 CORAL REEFS JI Coral Reefs PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 697 EP 705 DI 10.1007/s00338-008-0386-3 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 332MA UT WOS:000258085900033 ER PT J AU Xu, HHK Weir, MD Simon, CG AF Xu, Hockin H. K. Weir, Michael D. Simon, Carl G. TI Injectable and strong nano-apatite scaffolds for cell/growth factor delivery and bone regeneration SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Annual Meeting of the Academy-of-Dental-Materials CY OCT, 2007 CL Ft Lauderdale, FL SP Acad Dent Mat DE calcium phosphate cement; nano-apatite; macroporous scaffolds; stress-bearing; osteoblast cell delivery; growth factor; bone tissue engineering ID CALCIUM-PHOSPHATE CEMENT; IN-VITRO CHARACTERIZATION; HYDROXYAPATITE CEMENT; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; COMPOSITES; REINFORCEMENT; IMPLANTS; FIBERS; REPAIR; BIOCOMPATIBILITY AB Objectives. Seven million people suffer bone fractures each year in the U.S., and musculoskeletal conditions cost $215billion/year. The objectives of this study were to develop moldable/injectable, mechanically strong and in situ-hardening calcium phosphate cement (CPC) composite scaffolds for bone regeneration and delivery of osteogenic cells and growth factors. Methods. Tetracalcium phosphate [TTCP: Ca-4(PO4)(2)O] and dicalcium phosphate (DCPA: CaHPO4) were used to fabricate self-setting calcium phosphate cement. Strong and macroporous scaffolds were developed via absorbable fibers, biopolymer chitosan, and mannitol porogen. Following established protocols, MC3T3-E1 osteoblast-like cells (Riken, Hirosaka, Japan) were cultured on the specimens and inside the CPC composite paste carrier. Results. The scaffold strength was more than doubled via reinforcement (p < 0.05). Relationships and predictive models were established between matrix properties, fibers, porosity, and overall composite properties. The cement injectability was increased from about 60% to nearly 100%. Cell attachment and proliferation on the new composite matched those of biocompatible controls. Cells were able to infiltrate into the macropores and anchor to the bone mineral-like nano-apatite crystals. For cell delivery, alginate hydrogel beads protected cells during cement mixing and setting, yielding cell viability measured via the Wst-1 assay that matched the control without CPC (p > 0.1). For growth factor delivery, CPC powder:liquid ratio and chitosan content provided the means to tailor the rate of protein release from CPC carrier. Significance. New CPC scaffolds were developed that were strong, tough, macroporous and osteoconductive. They showed promise for injection in minimally invasive surgeries, and in delivering osteogenic cells and osteoinductive growth factors to promote bone regeneration. Potential applications include various dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic reconstructions (c) 2008 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Hockin H. K.; Weir, Michael D.] Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. [Simon, Carl G.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Xu, HHK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Sch Dent, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, 650 W Baltimore St, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. EM hxu@umaryland.edu RI Weir, Michael/M-7729-2013 OI Weir, Michael/0000-0002-7961-3787 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE014190, R01 DE014190-01A2, R01 DE014190-06, R01 DE14190] NR 56 TC 68 Z9 72 U1 4 U2 51 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1212 EP 1222 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2008.02.001 PG 11 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 338YT UT WOS:000258546000010 PM 18359072 ER PT J AU Dickens, SH Flaim, GM AF Dickens, Sabine H. Flaim, Glenn M. TI Effect of a bonding agent on in vitro biochemical activities of remineralizing resin-based calcium phosphate cements SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE lining cements; bases; resin-reinforced cements; calcium phosphate cements; fluoride; remineralization ID SALIVA SUBSTITUTES; ENAMEL; DEMINERALIZATION; LESIONS; DENTIN AB Objectives. To test whether fluoride in a resin-based Ca-PO4 ion releasing cement or coating with an acidic bonding agent for improved adhesion compromised the cement remineralization potential. Methods. Cements were formulated without fluoride (Cement A) or with fluoride (Cement B). The treatment groups were A = Cement A; A2 = Cement A + bonding agent; B = Cement B; B2 = Cement B + bonding agent. The calcium, phosphate, and fluoride ion release in saliva-like solution (SLS) was determined from hardened cement disks without or with a coating of bonding agent. For the remineralization, two cavities were prepared in dentin of extracted human molars and demineralized. One cavity received composite resin (control); the other received treatment A, A2, B or B2. After 6 week incubation in SLS, 180 mu m cross-sections were cut. The percentage remineralization was determined by transverse microradiography comparing the dentin mineral density under the cement to that under the control. Results. The percentage of remineralization (mean +/- S.D.) was A (39 +/- 14) = B (37 +/- 18), A2 (23 +/- 13), B2 (14 +/- 7). TWo-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Holm-Sidak test showed a significant effect from the presence of bonding agent (p < 0.05), but not from fluoride (p > 0.05). The ion solution concentrations of all groups showed undersaturation with respect to dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and calcium fluoride and supersaturation for fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite suggesting a positive remineralization potential. Significance. Compared to the control all treatments resulted in mineral increase. The remineralization was negatively affected by the presence of the bonding agent. (c) 2008 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Dickens, Sabine H.; Flaim, Glenn M.] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dickens, SH (reprint author), NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8546, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sabine.dickens@nist.gov FU American Dental Association Foundation; National Institute of Standards and Technology; National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research [DE13298] FX The support by the American Dental Association Foundation, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, and the National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, Grant No. DE13298 is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank Esstech Co. for the supply of the EBPADMA monomer used in this study and Dentsply for supplying the composite resin. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 9 BP 1273 EP 1280 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2008.02.004 PG 8 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 338YT UT WOS:000258546000018 PM 18359510 ER PT J AU Jaruga, P Dizdaroglu, M AF Jaruga, Pawel Dizdaroglu, Miral TI 8,5 '-Cyclopurine-2 '-deoxynucleosides in DNA: Mechanisms of formation, measurement, repair and biological effects SO DNA REPAIR LA English DT Review DE breast cancer; 8,5 '-cyclopurine-2 '-deoxynucleosides; helix-distorting lesion; hydroxyl radical; intramolecular cyclization; mass spectrometry; nucleotide excision repair; oxidative DNA damage; xeroderma pigmentosum ID IRRADIATED NUCLEIC-ACIDS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; FAMILIAL MEDITERRANEAN FEVER; NUCLEOTIDE EXCISION-REPAIR; RADICAL-INDUCED FORMATION; RADIATION-INDUCED DAMAGE; ENZYME-BOUND ADENOSINE; HUMAN-CELLS; XERODERMA-PIGMENTOSUM; POLYADENYLIC-ACID AB 8,5'-Cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine (cdA) and 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine (cdG) are among the major lesions formed in DNA by hydroxyl radical attack on 2'-deoxyadenosine and 2-'deoxyguanosine, respectively, followed by intramolecular cyclization between C5' and C8. Mechanisms of formation of these unique tandem lesions were elucidated. The 8,5'-cyclization causes an unusual puckering of the sugar moiety giving rise to significant distortion in the DNA double helix. Methodologies were developed for the measurement of these lesions in DNA by mass spectrometry coupled either with gas chromatography or high performance liquid chromatography. Both techniques allowed identification and quantification of both R- and S-diastereomers of cdA and cdG in DNA in vitro and in vivo. Because of the 8,5'-covalent bond between the sugar and base moieties in the same nucleoside, cdA and cdG are repaired by nucleotide excision repair rather than by base excision repair. Thus, these lesions may play a role in diseases with defective nucleotide excision repair. Their biological effects include blocking DNA polymerases, inhibition of gene expression, transcriptional mutagenesis among others. Accumulation of cdA and cdG was observed in tissues in vivo in connection to disease and environmental conditions, suggesting an important role for these lesions in disease processes including carcinogenesis and neuronal death. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jaruga, Pawel; Dizdaroglu, Miral] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jaruga, P (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pawel.jaruga@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 96 TC 63 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-7864 J9 DNA REPAIR JI DNA Repair PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 7 IS 9 BP 1413 EP 1425 DI 10.1016/j.dnarep.2008.06.005 PG 13 WC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology SC Genetics & Heredity; Toxicology GA 347JK UT WOS:000259136300004 PM 18603018 ER PT J AU Zhizhin, M Kihn, E Redmon, R Medvedev, D Mishin, D AF Zhizhin, Mikhail Kihn, Eric Redmon, Rob Medvedev, Dmitry Mishin, Dmitry TI Space Physics Interactive Data Resource-SPIDR SO EARTH SCIENCE INFORMATICS LA English DT Article DE Grid data mining; Phenomena-based subsetting; Product generation; Satellite data; Space weather AB SPIDR (Space Physics Interactive Data Resource) is a standard data source for solar-terrestrial physics, functioning within the framework of the ICSU World Data Centers. It is a distributed database and application server network, built to select, visualize and model historical space weather data distributed across the Internet. SPIDR can work as a fully-functional web-application (portal) or as a grid of web-services, providing functions for other applications to access its data holdings. C1 [Zhizhin, Mikhail; Medvedev, Dmitry; Mishin, Dmitry] Russian Acad Sci, Geophys Ctr, Moscow, Russia. [Kihn, Eric; Redmon, Rob] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Zhizhin, M (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Geophys Ctr, Moscow, Russia. EM jjn@wdcb.ru RI Redmon, Robert/A-7688-2011; ZHIZHIN, Mikhail/B-9795-2014 OI Redmon, Robert/0000-0001-5585-2719; NR 23 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 1865-0473 EI 1865-0481 J9 EARTH SCI INFORM JI Earth Sci. Inform. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 1 IS 2 BP 79 EP 91 DI 10.1007/s12145-008-0012-5 PG 13 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Computer Science; Geology GA V15EN UT WOS:000207785400003 ER PT J AU Mazzoil, M Reif, JS Youngbluth, M Murdoch, ME Bechdel, SE Howells, E McCulloch, SD Hansen, LJ Bossart, GD AF Mazzoil, Marilyn Reif, John S. Youngbluth, Marsh Murdoch, M. Elizabeth Bechdel, Sarah E. Howells, Elisabeth McCulloch, Stephen D. Hansen, Larry J. Bossart, Gregory D. TI Home Ranges of Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida: Environmental Correlates and Implications for Management Strategies SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; Indian River Lagoon; photo-identification; environmental characterization; home range; ecosystem health ID REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS; SOUTH-CAROLINA; LIFE-HISTORY; SARASOTA BAY; HABITAT USE; PATTERNS; ESTUARY; LOBOMYCOSIS AB Photo-identification surveys conducted between 2002 and 2005 were used to determine dolphin home ranges and site fidelity within the Indian River Lagoon (IRL), Florida. The IRL was divided into six segments based on hydrodynamics and geographic features for purposes of characterization. Among the 615 dolphins with identifiable dorsal fins, 339 had a parts per thousand yen6 sightings and were used in segment and linear range analyses. The majority (98%) of dolphins were seen in a parts per thousand currency sign3 consecutive segments (331/339); of these, 44% (144/331) occurred in two segments, and 33% (109/331) in one segment. No dolphins were observed in all six segments. The largest number of dolphins was sighted in segment 1C (North Indian River). However, the highest density of dolphins was found in segment 2 (North-Central Indian River). Re-sighting rates for dolphins with a parts per thousand yen6 sightings ranged from 2.8 to 8.7 times observed. The mean linear home range varied from 22 to 54 km. Distributional analyses indicated that at least three different dolphin communities exist within the IRL: Mosquito Lagoon, and the North and South Indian River. No statistically significant correlations were found between the total number or density per km(2) of dolphins and surface water area, salinity, or contaminant loads within segments of the lagoon. These results suggest that dolphins do not selectively avoid areas with relatively unfavorable water quality. IRL dolphins should be studied on smaller spatial scales than currently practiced, and potential anthropogenic impacts should be evaluated based on geographic partitioning. C1 [Mazzoil, Marilyn; Youngbluth, Marsh; Murdoch, M. Elizabeth; Bechdel, Sarah E.; Howells, Elisabeth; McCulloch, Stephen D.; Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ctr Marine Ecosyst Hlth, Marine Mammal Res & Conservat Program, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Hansen, Larry J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Mazzoil, M (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ctr Marine Ecosyst Hlth, Marine Mammal Res & Conservat Program, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM Mmazzoil@hboi.fau.edu RI Howells, Elisabeth/D-3892-2009; OI Murdoch Titcomb, Elizabeth/0000-0003-4682-6708 FU ''Protect Wild Dolphins'' license plate program FX This research was conducted under National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permit No. 998-1678, issued to Dr. Gregory Bossart. Support was provided by funds from the ''Protect Wild Dolphins'' license plate program. Appreciation is extended to: Nelson Beaman and Eric Reese for computer support; R. H. Defran, Rick Herman, Sen. Patsy Kurth and the late Al Kurth, and Rep. O. R. Minton, Jr., for program support; and William (Bones) Stewart for inspiration. This publication is HBOI contribution no. 1712. NR 58 TC 23 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 22 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 EI 1612-9210 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD SEP PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 278 EP 288 DI 10.1007/s10393-008-0194-9 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397XU UT WOS:000262696500007 PM 18841416 ER PT J AU Murdoch, ME Reif, JS Mazzoil, M McCulloch, SD Fair, PA Bossart, GD AF Murdoch, M. Elizabeth Reif, John S. Mazzoil, Marilyn McCulloch, Stephen D. Fair, Patricia A. Bossart, Gregory D. TI Lobomycosis in Bottlenose Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida: Estimation of Prevalence, Temporal Trends, and Spatial Distribution SO ECOHEALTH LA English DT Article DE bottlenose dolphin; ecosystem health; epidemiology; lacaziosis; lobomycosis; photo-identification ID LOBOS-DISEASE; ATLANTIC; HUMANS AB Lobomycosis (lacaziosis) is a chronic fungal disease of the skin that affects only dolphins and humans. Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of lobomycosis in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the Indian River Lagoon, Florida (IRL). We studied the occurrence and distribution of lobomycosis in the IRL using photo-identification survey data collected between 1996 and 2006. Our objectives were to (1) determine the sensitivity and specificity of photo-identification for diagnosis of lobomycosis in free-ranging dolphins; (2) determine the spatial distribution of lobomycosis in the IRL; and (3) assess temporal patterns of occurrence. Photographs from 704 distinctly marked dolphins were reviewed for skin lesions compatible with lobomycosis. The presumptive diagnosis was validated by comparing the results of photographic analysis with physical examination and histologic examination of lesion biopsies in 102 dolphins captured and released during a health assessment and 3 stranded dolphins. Twelve of 16 confirmed cases were identified previously by photography, a sensitivity of 75%. Among 89 dolphins without disease, all 89 were considered negative, a specificity of 100%. The prevalence of lobomycosis estimated from photographic data was 6.8% (48/704). Spatial distribution was determined by dividing the IRL into six segments based on hydrodynamics and geographic features. The prevalence ranged from < 1% in the Mosquito Lagoon to 16.9% in the south Indian River. The incidence of the disease did not increase during the study period, indicating that the disease is endemic, rather than emerging. In summary, photo-identification is a useful tool to monitor the course of individual and population health for this enigmatic disease. C1 [Murdoch, M. Elizabeth; Mazzoil, Marilyn; McCulloch, Stephen D.; Bossart, Gregory D.] Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Marine Ecosyst Hlth, Marine Mammal Res & Conservat Program, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Reif, John S.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Environm & Radiol Hlth Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Fair, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29142 USA. RP Murdoch, ME (reprint author), Florida Atlantic Univ, Ctr Marine Ecosyst Hlth, Marine Mammal Res & Conservat Program, Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, 5600 US 1 N, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. EM mmurdoch@hboi.fau.edu OI Murdoch Titcomb, Elizabeth/0000-0003-4682-6708 NR 36 TC 32 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 11 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1612-9202 J9 ECOHEALTH JI EcoHealth PD SEP PY 2008 VL 5 IS 3 BP 289 EP 297 DI 10.1007/s10393-008-0187-8 PG 9 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 397XU UT WOS:000262696500008 PM 18712442 ER PT J AU Litzow, MA Urban, JD Laurel, BJ AF Litzow, Michael A. Urban, J. Daniel Laurel, Benjamin J. TI Increased spatial variance accompanies reorganization of two continental shelf ecosystems SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE alternate stable states; ecosystem-based fisheries management; fisheries collapse; Gulf of Alaska; phase transition; regime shift; resilience; Scotian Shelf; variance ID COMMUNITY REORGANIZATION; REGIME SHIFT; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PACIFIC-OCEAN; COD; CATASTROPHES; UNCERTAINTY; VARIABILITY; INDICATOR; DYNAMICS AB Phase transitions between alternate stable states in marine ecosystems lead to disruptive changes in ecosystem services, especially fisheries productivity. We used trawl survey data spanning phase transitions in the North Pacific (Gulf of Alaska) and the North Atlantic (Scotian Shelf) to test for increases in ecosystem variability that might provide early warning of such transitions. In both time series, elevated spatial variability in a measure of community composition (ratio of cod [Gadus sp.] abundance to prey abundance) accompanied transitions between ecosystem states, and variability was negatively correlated with distance from the ecosystem transition point. In the Gulf of Alaska, where the phase transition was apparently the result of a sudden perturbation (climate regime shift), variance increased one year before the transition in mean state occurred. On the Scotian Shelf, where ecosystem reorganization was the result of persistent overfishing, a significant increase in variance occurred three years before the transition in mean state was detected. However, we could not reject the alternate explanation that increased variance may also have simply been inherent to the final stable state in that ecosystem. Increased variance has been previously observed around transition points in models, but rarely in real ecosystems, and our results demonstrate the possible management value in tracking the variance of key parameters in exploited ecosystems. C1 [Laurel, Benjamin J.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Litzow, Michael A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Urban, J. Daniel] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Laurel, BJ (reprint author), Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 2030 SE Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM Ben.Laurel@noaa.gov NR 27 TC 32 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 22 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1331 EP 1337 DI 10.1890/07-0998.1 PG 7 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 337CR UT WOS:000258413600002 PM 18767612 ER PT J AU Valentine, JF Heck, KL Blackmon, D Goecker, ME Christian, J Kroutil, RM Peterson, BJ Vanderklift, MA Kirsch, KD Beck, M AF Valentine, John F. Heck, Kenneth L. Blackmon, Derrick, Jr. Goecker, Margene E. Christian, Juliet Kroutil, Ryan M. Peterson, Bradley J. Vanderklift, Mathew A. Kirsch, Kevin D. Beck, Mike TI Exploited species impacts on trophic linkages along reef-seagrass interfaces in the Florida keys SO ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE coral reefs; exploited species; food web interactions; seagrass herbivory; trophic cascade; trophic transfer ID TURTLEGRASS THALASSIA-TESTUDINUM; VISUAL CENSUS TECHNIQUE; MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; CORAL-REEF; FOOD-WEB; FISH COMMUNITIES; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; NORTH-ATLANTIC; PATCH REEFS; ECOSYSTEMS AB The removal of fish biomass by extensive commercial and recreational fishing has been hypothesized to drastically alter the strength of trophic linkages among adjacent habitats. We evaluated the effects of removing predatory fishes on trophic transfers between coral reefs and adjacent seagrass meadows by comparing fish community structure, grazing intensity, and invertebrate predation potential in predator-rich no-take sites and nearby predator-poor fished sites in the Florida Keys (USA). Exploited fishes were more abundant at the no-take sites than at the fished sites. Most of the exploited fishes were either omnivores or invertivores. More piscivores were recorded at no-take sites, but most (similar to 95%) were moderately fished and unexploited species (barracuda and bar jacks, respectively). Impacts of these consumers on lower trophic levels were modest. Herbivorous and smaller prey fish (, 10 cm total length) densities and seagrass grazing diminished with distance from reefs and were not negatively impacted by the elevated densities of exploited fishes at no-take sites. Predation by reef fishes on most tethered invertebrates was high, but exploited species impacts varied with prey type. The results of the study show that, even though abundances of reef-associated fishes have been reduced at fished sites, there is little evidence that this has produced cascading trophic effects or interrupted cross-habitat energy exchanges between coral reefs and seagrasses. C1 [Valentine, John F.; Heck, Kenneth L.; Blackmon, Derrick, Jr.] Univ S Alabama, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Valentine, John F.; Heck, Kenneth L.; Blackmon, Derrick, Jr.] Univ S Alabama, Dept Marine Sci, Mobile, AL 36688 USA. [Goecker, Margene E.] Dept Environm & Heritage, Coast & Marine Branch, Port Lincoln, SA 5606, Australia. [Christian, Juliet] Ecol Assoc Inc, Jensen Beach, FL 34958 USA. [Kroutil, Ryan M.] Univ Florida, Dept Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA. [Peterson, Bradley J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Vanderklift, Mathew A.] CSIRO Marine Res, Floreat, WA 6014, Australia. [Vanderklift, Mathew A.] Edith Cowan Univ, Ctr Ecosyst Management, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia. [Kirsch, Kevin D.] NOAA Off Response & Restorat, Assessment & Restorat Div, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Beck, Mike] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Nat Conservancy, LML, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. RP Valentine, JF (reprint author), Univ S Alabama, Dauphin Isl Sea Lab, 101 Bienville Blvd, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. EM jvalentine@disl.org RI Vanderklift, Mathew/B-1003-2008 NR 99 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 3 U2 33 PU ECOLOGICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 1990 M STREET NW, STE 700, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1051-0761 EI 1939-5582 J9 ECOL APPL JI Ecol. Appl. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 18 IS 6 BP 1501 EP 1515 DI 10.1890/07-1720.1 PG 15 WC Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 337CR UT WOS:000258413600015 PM 18767625 ER PT J AU Huber, ML Lemmon, EW Diky, V Smith, BL Bruno, TJ AF Huber, M. L. Lemmon, E. W. Diky, V. Smith, B. L. Bruno, T. J. TI Chemically authentic surrogate mixture model for the thermophysical properties of a coal-derived liquid fuel SO ENERGY & FUELS LA English DT Review ID ADVANCED DISTILLATION CURVE; VAPOR-PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS; THERMODATA ENGINE TDE; PLUS TRANS-DECALIN; EQUATION-OF-STATE; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; THERMAL-CONDUCTIVITY; REFRIGERANT MIXTURES; N-HEXADECANE; CIS-DECALIN AB We developed a surrogate mixture model to represent the physical properties of a coal-derived liquid fuel using only information obtained from a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the fuel and a recently developed "advanced distillation curve". We then predicted the density, speed of sound, and viscosity of the fuel and compared them to limited experimental data. The surrogate contains five components (n-propylcyclohexane, trans-decalin, (alpha-methyldecalin, bicyclohexane, and n-hexadecane), yet comparisons to limited experimental data demonstrate that the model is able to represent the density, sound speed, and viscosity to within 1, 4, and 5%, respectively. C1 [Huber, M. L.; Lemmon, E. W.; Diky, V.; Smith, B. L.; Bruno, T. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU NASA/Glenn Research Center [NNC08IA04I]; Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base [MIPR F4FBEY6346G001] FX We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the NASA/Glenn Research Center under agreement NNC08IA04I and the Air Force Research Laboratory Propulsion Directorate, Wright Patterson Air Force Base, MIPR F4FBEY6346G001. We also acknowledge our NIST colleagues Dr. A. Laesecke, Dr. R. Perkins, S. Outcalt, and Dr. M. McLinden for helpful discussions and sharing their data prior to publication. NR 100 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0887-0624 J9 ENERG FUEL JI Energy Fuels PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 22 IS 5 BP 3249 EP 3257 DI 10.1021/ef800314b PG 9 WC Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical SC Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 350DK UT WOS:000259332600049 ER PT J AU Macneil, MA AF Macneil, M. Aaron TI Making empirical progress in observational ecology SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Editorial Material ID CORAL-REEF FISH; RECRUITMENT; COMMUNITIES; PATTERNS C1 NOAA, Panama City Lab, Natl Res Council, Panama City Beach, FL 32408 USA. RP Macneil, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Panama City Lab, Natl Res Council, 3500 Delwood Beach Rd, Panama City Beach, FL 32408 USA. EM macneil@glau.ca RI MacNeil, M Aaron/F-4680-2010; MacNeil, M. Aaron/E-8196-2017 OI MacNeil, M. Aaron/0000-0001-8406-325X NR 32 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 10 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 BP 193 EP 196 DI 10.1017/S0376892908004888 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377AQ UT WOS:000261224500001 ER PT J AU Ault, JS Smith, SG Luo, JG Monaco, ME Appeldoorn, RS AF Ault, Jerald S. Smith, Steven G. Luo, Jiangang Monaco, Mark E. Appeldoorn, Richard S. TI Length-based assessment of sustainability benchmarks for coral reef fishes in Puerto Rico SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE average size; coral-reef fish; fishery exploitation; Puerto Rico ID ECOSYSTEM APPROACH; PRODUCTION-MODEL; MARINE FISHES; EXPLOITATION; MANAGEMENT; INDICATORS; RATES; SIZE; ASSEMBLAGES; MORTALITY AB The sustainability of multispecies coral reef fisheries is a key conservation concern given their economic and ecological importance. Empirical estimation and numerical model analyses were conducted to evaluate exploitation status via resource reference pit(or sustainability benchmarks) for coral reef fishes of the snapper-grouper complex in Puerto Rico. Mean size ((L) over bar, in length) of animals in the exploited part of the population was estimated from fishery-dependent and fishery-independent size composition data and used as an indicator variable of exploitation rates. In application, fishing mortality rates estimated from (L) over bar of various data sources were comparable. Of the 25 reef fish species assessed, 16 were below 30% spawning potential ratio (SPR), six were above 30% SPR, and three could not be reliably determined owing to low sample sizes. These findings indicate that a majority of snapper-grouper species in Puerto Rico are currently fished at unsustainable levels. C1 [Ault, Jerald S.; Smith, Steven G.; Luo, Jiangang] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Monaco, Mark E.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Biogeog Branch, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Appeldoorn, Richard S.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Marine Sci, Mayaguez, PR 00709 USA. RP Ault, JS (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM jault@rsmas.miami.edu RI Ault, Jerald/A-5241-2008 OI Ault, Jerald/0000-0001-9657-8007 FU NOAA Fisheries Southeast Fisheries Science Center; NOAA Caribbean Reef Ecosystem Study (CRES) [NA170P2919]; NOAA NOS Biogeography Cooperative Program [NA17RJ1226]; NOAA Fisheries Coral Reef Conservation Program [NA17RJ1226] FX We thank D.E. Harper of NOAA Fisheries Southeast Fisheries Science Center for assistance in obtaining fishery-dependent databases. This research was supported by the NOAA Caribbean Reef Ecosystem Study (CRES) Grant NA170P2919, NOAA NOS Biogeography Cooperative Program Grant NA17RJ1226, the NOAA Fisheries Coral Reef Conservation Program Grant No. NA17RJ1226 and the Lenfest Ocean Program. This study was in part made possible by fishery-independent data collected by NOAA's Biogeography Branch in cooperation with the University of Puerto Rico under the NOAA CRES Program. Finally, we thank three anonymous reviewers whose insightful comments greatly improved this manuscript. NR 54 TC 30 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 BP 221 EP 231 DI 10.1017/S0376892908005043 PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377AQ UT WOS:000261224500005 ER PT J AU Williams, ID Walsh, WJ Schroeder, RE Friedlander, AM Richards, BL Stamoulis, KA AF Williams, I. D. Walsh, W. J. Schroeder, R. E. Friedlander, A. M. Richards, B. L. Stamoulis, K. A. TI Assessing the importance of fishing impacts on Hawaiian coral reef fish assemblages along regional-scale human population gradients SO ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE coral reef; fishing; habitat; Hawaii; introduced species; natural refugia ID MARINE PROTECTED AREAS; BIOMASS; DEGRADATION; COMMUNITIES; FISHERIES; HABITAT; BIODIVERSITY; MOVEMENTS; RESERVES; DESIGN AB Humans can impact coral reef fishes directly by fishing, or indirectly through anthropogenic degradation of habitat. Uncertainty about the relative importance of those can make it difficult to develop and build consensus for appropriate remedial management. Relationships between fish assemblages and human population density were assessed using data from 18 locations widely spread throughout the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI) to evaluate the significance of fishing as a factor potentially driving fish trends on a regional scale. Fish biomass in several groups was negatively correlated with local human population density and a number of lines of evidence indicate that fishing was the prime driver of those trends. First, declines were consistently evident among fish groups targeted by fishers, but not among lightly fished or non-target groupings, which indicates that declines in target groups were not simply indicative of a general decline in habitat quality along human population gradients. Second, proximity to high human populations was not associated with low fish biomass where shoreline structure prevented ready access by fishers. Relatively remote and inaccessible locations within the MHI had 2.1-4.2 times the biomass of target fishes compared to accessible and populous locations, and may therefore function as partial refugia. However, stocks in those areas were clearly far from pristine, as biomass of large predators was more than an order of magnitude lower than at more intact ecosystems elsewhere in the Pacific. C1 [Williams, I. D.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Williams, I. D.; Walsh, W. J.; Stamoulis, K. A.] Hawaii Div Aquat Resources, Kailua, HI 96740 USA. [Schroeder, R. E.; Richards, B. L.] Univ Hawaii, Joint Inst Marine & Atmospher Res, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Schroeder, R. E.; Richards, B. L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, CRED, Pacific Isl Fisheries Sci Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Friedlander, A. M.] NOAA, NOS NCCOS CCMA, Biogeog Branch, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Friedlander, A. M.] NOAA, NOS NCCOS CCMA, Ocean Inst, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. RP Williams, ID (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Zool, Hawaii Cooperat Fishery Res Unit, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM ivor@hawaii.edu NR 43 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 2 U2 34 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0376-8929 J9 ENVIRON CONSERV JI Environ. Conserv. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 35 IS 3 BP 261 EP 272 DI 10.1017/S0376892908004876 PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 377AQ UT WOS:000261224500009 ER PT J AU Auffan, M Achouak, W Rose, J Roncato, MA Chaneac, C Waite, DT Masion, A Woicik, JC Wiesner, MR Bottero, JY AF Auffan, Melanie Achouak, Wafa Rose, Jerome Roncato, Marie-Anne Chaneac, Corinne Waite, David T. Masion, Armand Woicik, Joseph C. Wiesner, Mark R. Bottero, Jean-Yves TI Relation between the redox state of iron-based nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity toward Escherichia coli SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VALENT IRON; SUPEROXIDE-DISMUTASE; OXIDE; TOXICITY; NANOMATERIALS; FIBROBLASTS; PARTICLES; CORROSION AB Iron-based nanoparticles have been proposed for an increasing number of biomedical or environmental applications although in vitro toxicity has been observed. The aim of this study was to understand the relationship between the redox state of iron-based nanoparticles and their cytotoxicity toward a Gram-negative bacterium, Escherichia coli. While chemically stable nanoparticles (gamma Fe2O3) have no apparent cytotoxicity, nanoparticles containing ferrous and, particularly, zerovalent iron are cytotoxic. The cytotoxic effects appear to be associated principally with an oxidative stress as demonstrated using a mutant strain of E coli completely devoid of superoxide dismutase activity. This stress can result from the generation of reactive oxygen species with the interplay of oxygen with reduced iron species (Fe-II and/or Fe-0) or from the disturbance of the electronic and/or ionic transport chains due to the strong affinity of the nanoparticles for the cell membrane. C1 [Auffan, Melanie] Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, CEREGE, UMR 6635, F-13545 Europole De Larbois, Aix En Provence, France. [Auffan, Melanie; Achouak, Wafa; Rose, Jerome; Roncato, Marie-Anne; Masion, Armand; Bottero, Jean-Yves] ECOREV, F-13545 Europole De Larbois, Aix En Provence, France. [Achouak, Wafa; Roncato, Marie-Anne] Univ Aix Marseille 2, LEMIRe, UMR 6191, CNRS,CEA, F-13108 St Paul Les Durance, France. [Chaneac, Corinne] UPMC, CNRS, UMR 7574, LCMC Paris, F-75252 Paris, France. [Waite, David T.] Univ New S Wales, Sch Civil & Environm Engn, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia. [Woicik, Joseph C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Wiesner, Mark R.] Duke Univ, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RP Auffan, M (reprint author), Univ Aix Marseille, CNRS, CEREGE, UMR 6635, F-13545 Europole De Larbois, Aix En Provence, France. EM auffan@cerege.fr RI bee, betty/G-1104-2011; Waite, T. David/A-1400-2008; Chaneac, Corinne/C-2846-2017 OI Waite, T. David/0000-0002-5411-3233; FU French National Program ACI-FNS (ANR) "ECCO"; INSU (French National Institute for Earth Sciences and Astronomy) FX This program has been funded by the French National Program ACI-FNS (ANR) "ECCO" supported by INSU (French National Institute for Earth Sciences and Astronomy). The XAS work was performed at the NSLS synchrotron (USA). We are grateful to the machine and beamline groups who have made these experiments possible. We also thank Joel Courageot for the TEM experiments and Sam Dukan for the E. coli strains. NR 30 TC 229 Z9 245 U1 9 U2 128 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 17 BP 6730 EP 6735 DI 10.1021/es800086f PG 6 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 343VL UT WOS:000258883300068 PM 18800556 ER PT J AU Richardson, CJ Qian, SS Vaithiyanathan, P King, RS Qualls, RG Stow, CA AF Richardson, Curtis J. Qian, Song S. Vaithiyanathan, Panchabi King, Ryan S. Qualls, Robert G. Stow, Craig A. TI Response to comment on "Estimating Ecological Thresholds for Phosphorus in the Everglades" SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Letter C1 [Richardson, Curtis J.; Qian, Song S.; Vaithiyanathan, Panchabi] Duke Univ, Wetland Ctr, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. [King, Ryan S.] Baylor Univ, Dept Biol, Waco, TX 76798 USA. [Qualls, Robert G.] Univ Nevada, Dept Environm & Resource Sci, Reno, NV 89557 USA. [Stow, Craig A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Richardson, CJ (reprint author), Duke Univ, Wetland Ctr, Nicholas Sch Environm, Durham, NC 27708 USA. RI Qian, Song/I-6544-2012; OI Stow, Craig/0000-0001-6171-7855 NR 8 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 17 BP 6772 EP 6773 DI 10.1021/es801411r PG 2 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 343VL UT WOS:000258883300075 ER PT J AU Cheng, G Hua, F Melnichenko, YB Hong, K Mays, JW Hammouda, B Wignall, GD AF Cheng, Gang Hua, Fengjun Melnichenko, Yuri B. Hong, Kunlun Mays, Jimmy W. Hammouda, Boualem Wignall, George D. TI Conformation of oligo(ethylene glycol) grafted poly(norbornene) in solutions: A small angle neutron scattering study SO EUROPEAN POLYMER JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE SANS; Comblike polymers; Water soluble; Conformation ID DILUTE AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; TO-GLOBULE TRANSITION; POLY(ETHYLENE OXIDE); COMB HETEROPOLYMERS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMERS; SELF-ASSOCIATION; BEHAVIOR; CHAIN; POLYMERIZATION; DEPENDENCE AB The conformation of newly synthesized amphiphilic poly(methoxyoligo(ethylene oxide) norbornenyl esters) macro-homopolymers in dilute solutions of toluene-d8 and D2O was investigated by small angle neutron scattering (SANS). The macro-homopolymers consist of a polynorbornene (PNB) backbone with a degree of polymerization (DP) of 50, and each repeat unit has a grafted ethylene glycol (EG) side chain with an average DP of 6.6. The hydrophobic backbone and hydrophilic side chains interact differently with solvents of different polarity, which makes the polymer conformation very sensitive to the solvent quality. It was found that in a 0.5 wt.% toluene Solution the polymers assume coil-like conformation and gradually contract and become more compact with increasing polymer concentration. In D2O, the conformation of the polymers were studied at different concentrations: 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 wt.% and at different temperatures: 25, 44, 60 and 74 degrees C. The polymers are partially contracted in D2O and their shape can be described by the form factor of a rigid cylinder. The second virial coefficient A(2) was extracted at three temperatures (25, 44 and 60 IQ and the theta point was estimated to be reached at similar to 45 degrees C. The attractive interactions between the polymers in D2O increase with temperature, which leads to the polymer-solvent phase separation at the cloud point temperature (01,T). The polymer conformation remains virtually temperature independent below the CPT and at 74 degrees C polymers collapse and form compact structures with water soluble side chains in the shell. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Cheng, Gang; Melnichenko, Yuri B.; Wignall, George D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hua, Fengjun; Hong, Kunlun; Mays, Jimmy W.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cheng, G (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. EM chengg@ornl.gov; hongkq@ornl.gov RI Hong, Kunlun/E-9787-2015; OI Hong, Kunlun/0000-0002-2852-5111; Wignall, George/0000-0002-3876-3244 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX This work is based upon activities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672 to the NIST Center for Neutron Research. NR 33 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0014-3057 J9 EUR POLYM J JI Eur. Polym. J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 44 IS 9 BP 2859 EP 2864 DI 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2008.07.014 PG 6 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 363NQ UT WOS:000260274400015 ER PT J AU Shaw, JA Churchill, CB Iadicola, MA AF Shaw, J. A. Churchill, C. B. Iadicola, M. A. TI Tips and tricks for characterizing shape memory alloy wire: Part 1 - Differential scanning calorimetry and basic phenomena SO EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID NITI C1 [Churchill, C. B.] Univ Michigan, Dept Aerosp Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Iadicola, M. A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jashaw@umich.edu; churchc@umich.edu OI Churchill, Christopher/0000-0002-2976-3146 FU National Science Foundation; General Motors Corp.; ongoing collaboration FX Our thanks go to Nilesh Mankame (General Motors) for the invitation to write this series of articles. The experimental techniques developed and experience gained to write this series of articles were the results of many years of work by Shaw and graduate students at the University of Michigan as well as Shaw's graduate work at the University of Texas at Austin under the guidance of Stelios Kyriakides. Several prior University of Michigan graduate students, including Bi-chiau Chang, Antoine Gremillet, Brian MacLachlan, and Geoffroy Lenglin, have contributed to development of the experimental techniques described here and in forthcoming articles in this series. Helpful comments on this article from Ben Reedlunn are acknowledged with thanks. The authors wish to sincerely thank the National Science Foundation for their continuing financial support. The authors (Shaw and Churchill) also wish to express their gratitude to General Motors Corp. for their financial assistance and ongoing collaboration through the General Motors/University of Michigan Collaborative Research Laboratory in Smart Materials and Structures. NR 12 TC 47 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 20 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0732-8818 J9 EXP TECHNIQUES JI Exp. Tech. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 32 IS 5 BP 55 EP 62 DI 10.1111/j.1747-1567.2008.00410.x PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Engineering; Mechanics; Materials Science GA 352VC UT WOS:000259524500008 ER PT J AU Gann, RG AF Gann, Richard G. TI Special issue on fire suppression: Papers from SUPDET 2007 - Introduction SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gann, RG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rggann@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 205 EP 205 DI 10.1007/s10694-008-0048-6 PG 1 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 323ZT UT WOS:000257488000002 ER PT J AU Gann, RG AF Gann, Richard G. TI Guidance for advanced fire suppression in aircraft SO FIRE TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 1st Conference on Fire Suppression and Detection Research and Applications CY MAR 05-08, 2007 CL Orlando, FL DE aircraft; aircraft fires; fire; fire suppression; fire research; flame suppression; halon ID OZONE AB The U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Next Generation Fire Suppression Program (NGP) was born of necessity. Atmospheric science had made it clear that fully halogenated compounds containing chlorine or bromine posed a threat to the earth's ozone layer. An extensive, multi-year search by the DoD found that the best commercially available alternative to halon 1301, CF(3)Br, for fire suppression in aircraft carried significant weight and storage volume penalties. In 1997, the NGP began, with an objective that evolved to "develop and demonstrate technology for economically feasible, environmentally acceptable and user-safe processes, techniques, and fluids that meet the operational requirements currently satisfied by halon 1301 systems in aircraft." Ten years later, the NGP has revitalized the science of fire suppression. There have been advances in delivery of a flame extinguishing chemical to a fire, knowledge of chemical interactions with flames (and limitations to the effectiveness of such chemicals), screening of a large number of chemicals as potential fire suppressants, identification of the properties of fluids that make for effective and safe fire suppression, identification of effective fire suppressant chemicals, engineering of non-fluid suppression systems for improved effectiveness and efficiency, and evaluation of the true cost of a new fire suppression system. The final report of the NGP will be available in book form and on CD this autumn. See the NGP web site (http://www.bfrl.nist.gov/866/NGP) for ordering information. C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gann, RG (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rggann@nist.gov NR 13 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0015-2684 J9 FIRE TECHNOL JI Fire Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 44 IS 3 BP 263 EP 282 DI 10.1007/s10694-007-0026-4 PG 20 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 323ZT UT WOS:000257488000006 ER PT J AU Recks, MA Seaborn, GT AF Recks, Melissa A. Seaborn, Gloria T. TI Variation in fatty acid composition among nine forage species from a southeastern US estuarine and nearshore coastal ecosystem SO FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE diet; fish; interspecific variation; intraspecific variation; lipid content; squid ID MULLET MUGIL-CEPHALUS; GULF-OF-MEXICO; LAGODON-RHOMBOIDES; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; FEEDING ECOLOGY; STRIPED MULLET; GEORGES-BANK; RED DRUM; FISH; LIPIDS AB The fatty acid (FA) composition of nine potentially important forage species was determined (n = 330): red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus), spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), spotted seatrout (Cynoscion nebulosus), striped mullet (Mugil cephalus), pinfish (Lagodon rhomboides), Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), star drum (Stellifer lanceolatus), striped anchovy (Anchoa hepsetus), and brief squid (Lolliguncula brevis). Samples were collected from estuarine and nearshore coastal waters around Charleston, South Carolina, USA, from March 2002-February 2003. Twenty-nine of 125 identified FAs were included in multivariate analyses of FA profiles. Despite existing intraspecific variation, the PRIMER routine analysis of similarity (ANOSIM) indicated each species was distinct, and discriminant function analysis correctly classified 99.5% of the training data set samples (n = 221) and 98.2% of the validation samples (n = 109). Most species could be characterized by distinctive levels of a suite of FAs. Our results indicated FA profiles can be used to reliably distinguish even closely related forage species in this southeastern US estuarine ecosystem. The information gained from this study not only provides insight into the biochemical composition of these important species but also provides fundamental information to support studies on the feeding ecology of local higher-level predators. C1 [Recks, Melissa A.; Seaborn, Gloria T.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Recks, MA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM Melissa.Recks@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0920-1742 EI 1573-5168 J9 FISH PHYSIOL BIOCHEM JI Fish Physiol. Biochem. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 BP 275 EP 287 DI 10.1007/s10695-007-9186-x PG 13 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Fisheries; Physiology GA 332MG UT WOS:000258086500010 PM 18665465 ER PT J AU McCarthy, JL Friedland, KD Brodziak, J AF McCarthy, J. L. Friedland, K. D. Brodziak, J. TI Enhancement of image-based fecundity methods: Gravimetric sampling at sea and safer sample preservation SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Gadus morhua; Melogrammus aeglefinus; Streck Tissue Fixative; fecundity; haddock; image processing; gravimetric sub-sample ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; HADDOCK MELANOGRAMMUS-AEGLEFINUS; ATLANTIC COD; POTENTIAL FECUNDITY; SPAWNING ACTIVITY; OOCYTE DIAMETER; EGG SIZE; GROWTH; INHIBITION; FISH AB Collecting accurate fecundity samples in the field is challenging as field scales are often unreliable and inaccurate in rough seas. In addition, the storage and use of caustic preservatives may be difficult and dangerous. Quantifying the efficacy of both a non-caustic alternative to traditional preservatives, and the use of pre-weighed vials in sampling protocols is essential in improving the accuracy and utility of field samples. Streck Tissue Fixative (STF) is a less toxic alternative to traditional preservatives and proved effective in the short- and long-term preservation of haddock (Melogrammus aeglefinus) and cod oocytes (Gadus morhua). We found no time series trend or systematic change in the number of oocytes counted and there was stabilization in size decay by the second month, which is comparable to traditionally used preservatives. In examining the use of pre-weighed vials we compared several different via] types. Plastic vials with an o-ring showed a satisfactory predictable loss and we were able to develop a system of time dependent corrections for evaporative rate. Thermal effect was also examined, with evaporative loss decreasing at low temperatures. The effectual use of an alternative preservative and the validation of the use of pre-weighed vials have the potential to increase the efficiency and accuracy of field sampling. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [McCarthy, J. L.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Friedland, K. D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Brodziak, J.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP McCarthy, JL (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, 160 Holdsworth Way, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. EM oceanjennifer@yahoo.com NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 47 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.02.006 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 345KG UT WOS:000258994700006 ER PT J AU Kleiber, P Maunder, MN AF Kleiber, Pierre Maunder, Mark N. TI Inherent bias in using aggregate CPUE to characterize abundance of fish species assemblages SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE stock assessment; species assemblage; aggregate CPUE; multispecies; hyper-stability; hyper-depletion; ecosystem ID COMMUNITIES AB We have analyzed the practice of assessing an assemblage of fish species in a multispecies fishery on the basis of aggregate catch per unit effort (CPUE), which is the summed catch of all species per unit of effort. We show that at the onset of fishing or of a large positive or negative change in fishing effort, aggregate CPUE will be hyper-responsive, that is, relative change of aggregate CPUE will be greater than that of aggregate abundance. We also show that as the fishery reaches equilibrium, the aggregate CPUE ill most Circumstances will continue to be hyper-responsive, with a greater relative change from its value at the start than the aggregate abundance. However, there are less likely circumstances in which the aggregate CPUE will be hyper-stable compared to aggregate abundance. The circumstances leading to hyper-responsiveness or hyper-stability depend oil the distribution of productivity and fishery vulnerability parameters among the species in the aggregation. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Kleiber, Pierre] NOAA Fisheries, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Maunder, Mark N.] I ATTC, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Kleiber, P (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM pierre.kleiber@noaa.gov NR 12 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 140 EP 145 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.03.013 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 345KG UT WOS:000258994700016 ER PT J AU Adams, CF Foy, RJ Johnson, DS Coyle, KO AF Adams, Charles F. Foy, Robert J. Johnson, Devin S. Coyle, Kenneth O. TI Seasonal changes in pelagic fish biomass around the Chiswell Island Steller sea lion rookery in 2003 SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Steller sea lion; Eumetopias jubatus; walleye pollock; Theragra chalcogramma; Pacific herring; clupea pallasii ID EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; FORAGING BEHAVIOR; WALLEYE POLLOCK; NORTHERN GULF; ALASKA; PSEUDOREPLICATION; ABUNDANCE; FISHERIES; DECLINE AB Fisheries acoustics surveys were conducted around the Chiswell Island rookery in the northern Gulf of Alaska at night in April and August 2003 to assess seasonal changes in prey available to Steller sea lions (Eumetopias jubatus) foraging around the rookery. Adult walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma)>= 28 cm fork length was the dominant biomass in the upper 50 m of the water column in both months. increasing from 122.8 kg/nmj(2) in April to 457.9 kg/nmi(2) in August. A similar pattern was observed for Pacific herring (Clapeo pallasii), which averaged 2.8 and 65.6 kg/nmi(2) in April and August, respectively. Incidental trawl catch suggested the appearance of age-0 pollock and juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) around the rookery in August as well. The increased biomass of these key prey species is linked to increased foraging trip durations by lactating sea lions from Chiswell Island, and Supports the general view that sea lions in the northern Gulf of Alaska are not food limited during summer months. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Adams, Charles F.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Seward Marine Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Adams, Charles F.] Alaska SeaLife Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Foy, Robert J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Coyle, Kenneth O.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Adams, CF (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 706 S Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. EM cadams@umassd.edu FU National Marine Fisheries Service FX We thank the crews of the F/V Nightwatch and R/V Pandalus, as well as Stephane Gauthier, Elizabeth Moundalexis and Sarah Norberg for assistance with field collections. We also thank Leslie Cornick for helpful discussions about SSL diving behavior and Susan Inglis for Suggestions regarding an earlier draft of this manuscript. Alexei Pinchuk provided Visual Basic code to fix damaged HTI files. Margaret Spahn provided the bathymetry shapefile. Support for this project was provided by the Alaska SeaLife Center Steller Sea Lion Research Program with funds from National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 179 EP 185 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.04.003 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 345KG UT WOS:000258994700021 ER PT J AU Link, J Burnett, J Kostovick, P Galbraith, J AF Link, Jason Burnett, Jay Kostovick, Paul Galbraith, John TI Value-added sampling for fishery independent surveys: Don't stop after you're done counting and measuring SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE bottom trawl surveys; biological sampling; fisheries management; fisheries science; age; growth; sexual determination; maturity; food habits; length-weight relationships ID MARINE; ECOSYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT AB Most fishery independent surveys count, weigh, and measure the majority of species caught. Many surveys also collect selected body structures for in-lab age determinations for selected species. We provide examples from the Northeast Fisheries Science Center's (NEFSC) bottom trawl survey that detail the development of at-sea sampling to elucidate age, growth, maturity, fecundity, spawning season, stomach contents, diet composition, condition, habitat types and prey preferences, basic oceanography (or limnology), and bioenergetics for a suite of diverse species. We show how the development of new methodologies and technologies has decreased both deck-time and time in the lab for processing many of the samples required to provide information on the topics listed above. As new technologies develop to make our trawl catch processing more efficient, we assert that we can notably increase the amount of information collected from trawl surveys with little additional effort. We show that with marginally additional catch processing time on the deck, at-sea sampling can provide a significant return on the knowledge of aquatic and marine resource species, non-resource species, habitats, food webs, and the ecosystems within which they occur. As observing systems Continue to expand their remit to provide ecosystem management advice, the need for increased efficiencies on fisheries surveys will remain. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Link, Jason; Burnett, Jay; Kostovick, Paul; Galbraith, John] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Link, J (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jlink@mercury.wh.whoi.edu NR 34 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 1-2 BP 229 EP 233 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.04.011 PG 5 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 345KG UT WOS:000258994700028 ER PT J AU Magerramov, MA Abdulagatov, AI Azizov, ND Abdulagatov, IM AF Magerramov, M. A. Abdulagatov, A. I. Azizov, N. D. Abdulagatov, I. M. TI Pressure- and Temperature-Dependent Density Change of Juices During Concentration SO FOOD AND BIOPROCESS TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Melon; Plum; Black currants; Cherry-plum; Pear; Tangerine juice; Density ID AQUEOUS-ELECTROLYTE SOLUTIONS; FLUID PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; THERMAL-PROPERTIES; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; ENGINEERING FACTORS; POTASSIUM-BROMIDE; WATER-CONTENT; ORANGE JUICE; FRUIT JUICES; APPLE JUICE AB Density of seven fruit juices ( melon, plum, peach, black currants, cherry-plum, pear, and tangerine) have been measured at temperatures from 283 to 403 K and at pressures from 0.1 to 10 MPa for the concentrations of soluble solids from 10.7 to 70 degrees Brix. Measurements were made with a hydrostatic weighing technique. The uncertainty of the density measurements was estimated to be less than 0.075%. The effect of temperature, pressure, and concentration on the fruit juice density was studied. The applicability and predictive capability of the various models for the density of fruit juices were studied. Various polynomials, power, exponential, logarithmic, and their combinations correlation models were used to represent the combined effect of temperature and concentration on the density. Models which represent the density of juice relative to pure water density were considered. C1 [Magerramov, M. A.] Azerbaijan State Econ Univ, Baku 1001, Azerbaijan. [Abdulagatov, A. I.; Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Inst Phys, Makhachkala 367003, Dagestan, Russia. [Azizov, N. D.] Azerbaijan State Oil Acad, Baku 370601, Azerbaijan. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 61 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1935-5130 EI 1935-5149 J9 FOOD BIOPROCESS TECH JI Food Bioprocess Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 1 IS 3 BP 254 EP 269 DI 10.1007/s11947-007-0022-1 PG 16 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 397DF UT WOS:000262641600005 ER PT J AU Shen, CC Li, KS Sieh, K Natawidjaja, D Cheng, H Wang, X Edwards, RL Lam, DD Hsieh, YT Fan, TY Meltzner, AJ Taylor, FW Quinn, TM Chiang, HW Kilbourne, KH AF Shen, Chuan-Chou Li, Kuei-Shu Sieh, Kerry Natawidjaja, Danny Cheng, Hai Wang, Xianfeng Edwards, R. Lawrence Lam, Doan Dinh Hsieh, Yu-Te Fan, Tung-Yung Meltzner, Aron J. Taylor, Fred W. Quinn, Terrence M. Chiang, Hong-Wei Kilbourne, K. Halimeda TI Variation of initial Th-230/Th-232 and limits of high precision U-Th dating of shallow-water corals SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID LAST INTERGLACIAL PERIOD; SUMATRAN SUBDUCTION-ZONE; TROPICAL PACIFIC; WESTERN PACIFIC; ENSO TELECONNECTIONS; SURFACE CURRENTS; PORITES CORALS; REEF CORALS; HALF-LIVES; EL-NINO AB One hundred eighty U-Th data, including 23 isochrons on 24 pristine modern and Holocene corals and 33 seawater samples, were analyzed using sector-field mass spectrometry to understand the variability of initial Th-230/Th-232 (Th-230/Th-232(0)). This dataset allows us to further assess the accuracy and precision of coral Th-230 dating method. By applying quality control, including careful sampling and subsampling protocols and the use of contamination-free storage and workbench spaces, the resulting low procedural blanks give an equivalent uncertainty in age of only +/-0.2-0.3 yr for 1-2 g of coral sample. Using site-specific Th-230/Th-232(0) values or isochron techniques, our study demonstrates that corals with an age less than 100 yrs can be Th-230-dated with precisions of 1 yr. Six living subtidal coral samples were collected from two continental shelf sites, Nanwan off southern Taiwan in the western Pacific and Son Tra off central Vietnam in the South China Sea; one coral core was drilled from an open-ocean site, Santo Island, Vanuatu, in the western tropical Pacific; and modern and fossil intertidal coral slabs, 17 in total, were cut from six sites around the islands of Simeulue, Lago, North Pagai and South Pagai of Sumatra in the eastern Indian Ocean. The results indicate that the main source of thorium is the dissolved phase of seawater, with variation of Th-230/Th-232(0) depending on local hydrology. With intense input of terrestrial material, low Th-230/Th-232(0) atomic ratios of 4.9 x 10(-6) and 3.2 x 10(-6) with a 10% variation are observed in Nanwan and Son Tra, respectively. At the Santo site, we find a value of 5.6 x 10(-6) at 4 horizons and one high value of 24 x 10(-6) in a sample from AD 1974.6 +/- 0.5, likely due to the upwelling of cold water during a La Nina event between AD 1973 and 1976. The natural dynamics of Th-230/Th-232(0) recorded in the intertidal corals at sites in the Sumatran islands are complicated so that this value varies significantly from 3.0 to 9.4 x 10(-6). Three of the 141 modern coral 230Th ages differ from their true ages by -23 to +4, indicating the presence of detrital material with anomalous 230Th/232Th values. Duplicate measurement of coeval subsamples is therefore recommended to verify the age accuracy. This improved high precision coral 230Th dating method raises the prospects of refining the age models for band-counted and tracer-tuned chronologies and of advancing coral paleoclimate research. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Shen, Chuan-Chou; Li, Kuei-Shu; Hsieh, Yu-Te; Chiang, Hong-Wei] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. [Sieh, Kerry; Natawidjaja, Danny; Meltzner, Aron J.] CALTECH, Tecton Observ, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Cheng, Hai; Wang, Xianfeng; Edwards, R. Lawrence] Univ Minnesota, Dept Geol & Geophys, Minneapolis, MN 55455 USA. [Lam, Doan Dinh] Vietnamese Acad Sci & Technol, Inst Geol, Hanoi, Vietnam. [Fan, Tung-Yung] Natl Museum Marine Biol & Aquarium, Pingtung, Taiwan. [Taylor, Fred W.; Quinn, Terrence M.] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Geophys, John A & Katherine G Jackson Sch Geosci, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Quinn, Terrence M.; Kilbourne, K. Halimeda] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Kilbourne, K. Halimeda] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, R PSD1, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. RP Shen, CC (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Geosci, Taipei 10764, Taiwan. EM river@ntu.edu.tw RI Quinn, Terrence/A-5755-2008; Meltzner, Aron/A-5585-2009; Taylor, Frederick/A-2195-2009; Wang, Xianfeng/F-1233-2014; Kilbourne, Kelly /D-6560-2012; Shen, Chuan-Chou/H-9642-2013; OI Wang, Xianfeng/0000-0002-8614-5627; Kilbourne, Kelly /0000-0001-7864-8438; SHEN, CHUAN-CHOU/0000-0003-2833-2771; Meltzner, Aron/0000-0002-2955-0896 NR 77 TC 77 Z9 79 U1 2 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 EI 1872-9533 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 17 BP 4201 EP 4223 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.06.011 PG 23 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 343NT UT WOS:000258861500002 ER PT J AU Clements, WH Brooks, ML Kashian, DR Zuellig, RE AF Clements, William H. Brooks, Marjorie L. Kashian, Donna R. Zuellig, Robert E. TI Changes in dissolved organic material determine exposure of stream benthic communities to UV-B radiation and heavy metals: implications for climate change SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE benthic macroinvertebrates; biogeochemistry; compound perturbations; dissolved organic matter; mining pollution; photo-oxidation; Rocky Mountain streams; stream discharge; UV-B radiation ID SOLAR ULTRAVIOLET-RADIATION; ROCKY-MOUNTAIN STREAMS; HUMIC SUBSTANCES; OZONE DEPLETION; ACIDIC PH; LAKES; COLORADO; CARBON; MATTER; WATER AB Changes in regional climate in the Rocky Mountains over the next 100 years are expected to have significant effects on biogeochemical cycles and hydrological processes. In particular, decreased discharge and lower stream depth during summer when ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the highest combined with greater photo-oxidation of dissolved organic materials (DOM) will significantly increase exposure of benthic communities to UVR. Communities in many Rocky Mountain streams are simultaneously exposed to elevated metals from abandoned mines, the toxicity and bioavailability of which are also determined by DOM. We integrated field surveys of 19 streams (21 sites) along a gradient of metal contamination with microcosm and field experiments conducted in Colorado, USA, and New Zealand to investigate the influence of DOM on bioavailability of heavy metals and exposure of benthic communities to UVR. Spatial and seasonal variation in DOM were closely related to stream discharge and significantly influenced heavy metal uptake in benthic organisms. Qualitative and quantitative changes in DOM resulting from exposure to sunlight increased UV-B (290-320 nm) penetration and toxicity of heavy metals. Results of microcosm experiments showed that benthic communities from a metal-polluted stream were tolerant of metals, but were more sensitive to UV-B than communities from a reference stream. We speculate that the greater sensitivity of these communities to UV-B resulted from costs associated with metal tolerance. Exclusion of UVR from 12 separate Colorado streams and from outdoor stream microcosms in New Zealand increased the abundance of benthic organisms (mayflies, stoneflies, and caddisflies) by 18% and 54%, respectively. Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering changes in regional climate and UV-B exposure when assessing the effects of local anthropogenic stressors. C1 [Clements, William H.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Brooks, Marjorie L.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Zool & Physiol, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. [Kashian, Donna R.] Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Zuellig, Robert E.] US Geol Survey, Colorado Water Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80225 USA. RP Clements, WH (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM willc@cnr.colostate.edu RI Brooks, Marjorie/M-5692-2014; Clements, William/N-2686-2016 NR 61 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 3 U2 46 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 14 IS 9 BP 2201 EP 2214 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01632.x PG 14 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 334YM UT WOS:000258257700019 ER PT J AU Enders, EC Stickler, M Pennell, CJ Cote, D Alfredsen, K Scruton, DA AF Enders, Eva C. Stickler, Morten Pennell, Curtis J. Cote, David Alfredsen, Knut Scruton, David A. TI Variations in distribution and mobility of Atlantic salmon parr during winter in a small, steep river SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydropower, Flood Control and Water Abstraction CY JUN 14-17, 2006 CL Mondsee, AUSTRIA SP European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commiss DE Atlantic salmon parr; Salmo salar; PIT tags; winter habitat; distribution; movement ID JUVENILE BROWN TROUT; HABITAT USE; EXPERIMENTAL HYDROPEAKING; FISHERY RESOURCES; FLUCTUATING FLOW; SALAR; MOVEMENTS; BEHAVIOR; STREAM; REQUIREMENTS AB In many rivers, natural variations in water discharge are affected by flow regulation related to hydropower production. Due to increased energy demand, there has been increased development of mini hydropower stations on small, steep rivers. As the majority of previous research has focused on experimental streams or larger river systems, knowledge on the effects of hydro regulation on small rivers, in particular during winter, are scarce. In order to increase our understanding on the winter ecology of Atlantic salmon parr (Salmo salar L.), we studied parr distribution and mobility in a small (average wetted width: 10.7 m), steep (average riverbed gradient: 1.3%) and unregulated river throughout winter. We tagged 145 parr using Passive Integrated Transponder (PIT) technology. During autumn, freeze-up, mid winter and late winter, parr were tracked using manual tracking devices. Each time an individual was found, its position was geo-referenced. Water discharge and water temperature were recorded continuously throughout the study period. Forty-eight parr were observed at least once during all four tracking surveys. Of these, only thirty-one were observed more than once during every survey. Our results indicate that (1) in comparison to autumn, parr moved closer to the shoreline during winter; (2) parr performed longer movements during autumn and freeze-up than during mid winter and late winter; and (3) within the range of naturally occurring fluctuations, no differences in the mobility pattern of parr was observed in relation to water discharge. However, parr moved less at low water temperatures. Further, we discuss the results on distribution and mobility of parr during winter in perspective to the potential effects of hydro regulation. C1 [Enders, Eva C.; Pennell, Curtis J.; Scruton, David A.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ecol Sci Sect, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. [Stickler, Morten; Alfredsen, Knut] Norwegian Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Hydraul & Environm Engn, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Cote, David] Terra Nova Natl Pk Canada, Glovertown, NL A0G 2L0, Canada. RP Enders, EC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Eva.Enders@noaa.gov RI Enders, Eva/A-7818-2009 NR 34 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2008 VL 609 BP 37 EP 44 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9401-5 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 316DF UT WOS:000256928400004 ER PT J AU Kemp, PS Gessel, MH Williams, JG AF Kemp, Paul S. Gessel, Mike H. Williams, John G. TI Response of downstream migrant juvenile Pacific salmonids to accelerating flow and overhead cover SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydropower, Flood Control and Water Abstraction CY JUN 14-17, 2006 CL Mondsee, AUSTRIA SP European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commiss DE salmon; smolts; fish passage; screens; behaviour ID ATLANTIC SALMON; COLUMBIA RIVER; SALAR L.; SMOLTS; BEHAVIOR; FISH; DAM; PROTECTION; MIGRATION; CRITERIA AB Mechanical structures designed to divert or guide juvenile migrant salmon at dams often work less effectively than expected. This likely results from a lack of understanding of fish behaviour. In order to address this, a series of experiments was conducted at McNary dam, USA, to assess the influence of hydraulic transition and overhead cover on the behaviour of seaward migrating juvenile Pacific salmon. Fish passing through a flume encountered a choice of route that varied based on hydraulic factors and overhead cover. Direct observation revealed that individuals elicited strong avoidance behaviour when they encountered areas where hydraulic conditions changed rapidly or were covered. Our findings have implications relevant to fish pass design and culvert restoration in Europe. Critically, improvement of current fish pass design and development of alternative mechanisms that effectively block fish access to, and divert fish away from poor passage routes, requires consideration of the behavioural component of fish migration. C1 [Kemp, Paul S.] Univ Southampton, Sch Civil Engn & Environm, Int Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. [Gessel, Mike H.; Williams, John G.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Kemp, PS (reprint author), Univ Southampton, Sch Civil Engn & Environm, Int Ctr Ecohydraul Res, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England. EM P.kemp@soton.ac.uk; mike.gessel@noaa.gov; john.g.williams@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 8 U2 19 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2008 VL 609 BP 205 EP 217 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9412-2 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 316DF UT WOS:000256928400017 ER PT J AU Williams, JG AF Williams, John G. TI Mitigating the effects of high-head dams on the Columbia River, USA: experience from the trenches SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydropower, Flood Control and Water Abstraction CY JUN 14-17, 2006 CL Mondsee, AUSTRIA SP European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commiss DE dams; mitigation; salmon; freshwater ecosystems ID JUVENILE CHINOOK SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; DELAYED MORTALITY; COLORADO RIVER; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; HYDROPOWER SYSTEM; STEELHEAD TROUT; SURVIVAL; TRANSPORTATION; WATER AB Worldwide, humans have tremendously altered freshwater ecosystems and arguably, construction of dams has had the greatest effect. Maintaining natural ecological processes and developing mitigation strategies that will maintain species while retaining dam benefits is challenging. In the Columbia River, USA, over the last 30 years more than US$7 billion has been spent on efforts to save historically large runs of salmon. These efforts have included improving passage conditions at dams through construction of efficient fish ladders for adult salmon, effective fish passage facilities for downstream migrating juvenile salmon, voluntarily spilling water to decrease the number of downstream migrants that pass through turbines, modifying dam operations to provide more constant flow and providing additional flow from storage reservoirs to create more natural flow through areas inundated by dams. Construction of hatcheries to offset losses in habitat for wild fish has also occurred. Further, for salmon from the Snake River, the largest tributary to the Columbia River, a large percent of juvenile salmon smolts are collected at upstream dams and transported in barges to the lower river to avoid passage through dams, turbines, and reservoirs. Experiences in the Columbia River suggest that the sum of all of these actions may keep salmon stocks from going extinct, but the technological fixes will not likely provide complete mitigation for altered freshwater ecosystems. C1 Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Williams, JG (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.g.williams@noaa.gov NR 60 TC 31 Z9 34 U1 5 U2 36 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2008 VL 609 BP 241 EP 251 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9411-3 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 316DF UT WOS:000256928400020 ER PT J AU Zabel, RW Faulkner, J Smith, SG Anderson, JJ Van Holmes, C Beer, N Iltis, S Krinke, J Fredricks, G Bellerud, B Sweet, J Giorgi, A AF Zabel, Richard W. Faulkner, James Smith, Steven G. Anderson, James J. Van Holmes, Chris Beer, Nicholas Iltis, Susannah Krinke, Jared Fredricks, Gary Bellerud, Blane Sweet, Jason Giorgi, Albert TI Comprehensive passage (COMPASS) model: a model of downstream migration and survival of juvenile salmonids through a hydropower system SO HYDROBIOLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Hydropower, Flood Control and Water Abstraction CY JUN 14-17, 2006 CL Mondsee, AUSTRIA SP European Inland Fisheries Advisory Commiss DE ecological modeling; salmon; migration; survival; hydropower ID YEARLING CHINOOK SALMON; SNAKE RIVER; COLUMBIA RIVER; STEELHEAD; DAM AB Migratory fish populations are impacted worldwide by river impoundments. Efforts to restore populations will benefit from a clear understanding of survival and migration process over a wide-range of river conditions. We developed a model that estimates travel time and survival of migrating juvenile salmonids (Oncorhynchus spp.) through the impounded Snake and Columbia rivers in the northwestern United States. The model allows users to examine the effects of river management scenarios, such as manipulations of river flow and spill, on salmonid survival. It has four major components: dam passage and survival, reservoir survival, fish travel time, and hydrological processes. The probability that fish pass through specific routes at a dam and route-specific survival probabilities were based on hydroacoustic, radio telemetry, PIT tag, and acoustic tag data. We related reservoir mortality rate (per day and per km) to river flow, water temperature, and percentage of fish passing through spillways and then fit the relationships to PIT-tag survival data. We related fish migration rate to water velocity, percentage of fish passing through spillways, and date in the season. We applied the model to two threatened "Evolutionarily Significant Units" (as defined under the US Endangered Species Act): Snake River spring/summer Chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha Walbaum) and Snake River steelhead (O. mykiss Walbaum). A sensitivity analysis demonstrated that for both species survival through the hydropower system was responsive to water temperature, river flow, and spill proportion. The two species, however, exhibited different patterns in their response. Such information is crucial for managers to effectively restore migratory fish populations in regulated rivers. C1 [Zabel, Richard W.; Faulkner, James; Smith, Steven G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Anderson, James J.; Van Holmes, Chris; Beer, Nicholas; Iltis, Susannah; Krinke, Jared] Univ Washington, Sch Fisheries & Aquat Sci, Seattle, WA USA. [Fredricks, Gary; Bellerud, Blane] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Reg Off, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Sweet, Jason] Bonneville Power Adm, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Giorgi, Albert] BioAnalysts Inc, Redmond, WA 98052 USA. RP Zabel, RW (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM rich.zabel@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 29 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0018-8158 J9 HYDROBIOLOGIA JI Hydrobiologia PD SEP PY 2008 VL 609 BP 289 EP 300 DI 10.1007/s10750-008-9407-z PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 316DF UT WOS:000256928400024 ER PT J AU Wahle, RA Bergeron, CE Chute, AS Jacobson, LD Chen, Y AF Wahle, Richard A. Bergeron, Charlene E. Chute, Antonie S. Jacobson, Larry D. Chen, Yong TI The Northwest Atlantic deep-sea red crab (Chaceon quinquedens) population before and after the onset of harvesting SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Chaceon quinquedens; geryonid; harvesting impacts; virgin population ID GERYON-QUINQUEDENS; MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; DUNGENESS CRABS; MILNE-EDWARDS; HABITAT TYPE; CANNIBALISM; SIZE; JUVENILES; FISHERY; BIOLOGY AB The population structure of deep-sea red crab (Chaceon quinquedens) in a nearly unexploited state is compared with its condition three decades later after more than a decade of sustained harvesting. Our study is based on a camera and net trawl survey conducted in 1974, which we repeated between 2003 and 2005 on the southern New England shelf break. Although the overall biomass of red crabs was estimated to be higher than in 1974, the abundance of large males, which are targeted by the fishery, was considerably lower. In particular, the biomass of large males (>= 114 mm carapace width), considered in 1974 to be marketable, declined by 42%. Declines were most evident at depths and regions most accessible to the fishing fleet based in southern New England. With the change in fishery selectivity towards smaller male crabs, the abundance of currently harvestable crabs is about equal to 1974 levels. No declines were observed in the biomass of female and smaller male crabs not targeted by the. shery. Indeed, the abundance of juveniles appears considerably higher than in 1974. Perhaps, adverse effects on reproduction attributable to a reduction in the numbers of large males may be a consequence of fishing, but. shery impacts and productivity are difficult to assess because key biological information is lacking. C1 [Wahle, Richard A.; Bergeron, Charlene E.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Chute, Antonie S.; Jacobson, Larry D.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Chen, Yong] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. RP Wahle, RA (reprint author), Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, 180 McKown Point Rd, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. EM rwahle@bigelow.org NR 53 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 11 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 BP 862 EP 872 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn058 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 319RN UT WOS:000257181600006 ER PT J AU Demer, DA Renfree, JS AF Demer, David A. Renfree, Josiah S. TI Variations in echosounder-transducer performance with water temperature SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE impedance; quality factor; resonance frequency; temperature; transducer ID CALIBRATION AB Electro-acoustic transducers are central components of multifrequency echosounders used in remote-target identi.cation and acoustic surveys for fish and zooplankton. Appreciable changes in echosounder system gains can result from shifts in transducer frequency responses with water temperature. Because it is standard practice to calibrate echosounder systems for fisheries surveys in one environment and apply the resulting gains to interpret data collected over the range of sea temperatures encountered during a survey, the results may be biased. Such biases may be different for estimates derived from each echosounder frequency. In moving to quantify and mitigate these effects, the performances have been measured for ten commonly used survey transducers in water temperatures ranging from similar to 1 degrees C to 18 degrees C, using three techniques. Results show that the transducer impedances all change with temperature, potentially changing the signal-to-noise ratio from 5 to >20 dB. The resonance frequencies and quality factors also change with temperature, ranging from similar to 0.2% to 2.8% and 2.5% to >130%, respectively. Corresponding directly to changes in the echosounder gains, the transmitting-current and receiver-voltage responses changed 1 dB or less with temperature, except for the Simrad ES120-7, which showed a 2 dB increase. Generally, the magnitudes of frequency-dependent biases in echosounder-system gains depend primarily on the temperature-dependent performances of the survey transducers, the range of temperatures encountered, and whether the operational frequencies are less or greater than the resonance frequency. C1 [Demer, David A.; Renfree, Josiah S.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Demer, DA (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM david.demer@noaa.gov NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 65 IS 6 BP 1021 EP 1035 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn066 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 319RN UT WOS:000257181600025 ER PT J AU Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Suehle, JS Oates, AS AF Campbell, J. P. Cheung, Kin P. Suehle, John S. Oates, Anthony S. TI New insight into NBTI transient behavior observed from fast-G(M) measurements SO IEEE ELECTRON DEVICE LETTERS LA English DT Article DE fast-G(M); fast-IDVG; negative bias temperature instability (NTBI) ID GENERATION; INJECTION; OXIDE AB Fast-IDVG measurements have become an important tool to examine MOSFET transient degradation. The threshold voltage (V-TH) extracted from fast-IDVG measurements is often used to infer the transient behavior of trapped charges in the gate dielectric and at the interface. In this letter, we show that the peak transconductance (G(M)) can also be extracted reliably in the microsecond time scale. The transient G(M) behavior provides additional insights not easily observed from an examination of V-TH alone. Specifically, transient G(M) results illustrate that an electron trapping/detrapping transient component contributes to the transient behavior observed in the negative bias temperature instability. This electron trapping component has never been reported. C1 [Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, Kin P.; Suehle, John S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oates, Anthony S.] Taiwan Semicond Mfg Co Ltd, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan. RP Campbell, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.campbell@nist.gov; kin.cheung@nist.gov; john.suele@nist.gov; aoates@tsmc.com NR 17 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0741-3106 J9 IEEE ELECTR DEVICE L JI IEEE Electron Device Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 29 IS 9 BP 1065 EP 1067 DI 10.1109/LED.2008.2002074 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 353MZ UT WOS:000259573400030 ER PT J AU Singh, R Pecht, M AF Singh, Ranbir Pecht, Michael TI Commercial Impact of Silicon Carbide SO IEEE INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS MAGAZINE LA English DT Article ID ASSISTED REVERSE BREAKDOWN; P(+)N JUNCTION DIODES; SIC SCHOTTKY CONTACTS; TEMPERATURE-COEFFICIENT; 4H-SIC ACCUFET; PIN DIODES; VOLTAGE; PERFORMANCE; RECTIFIERS; DEVICES C1 [Singh, Ranbir] Cree Inc, Durham, NC USA. [Singh, Ranbir] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pecht, Michael] Univ Maryland, CALCE Elect Prod & Syst Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. OI Pecht, Michael/0000-0003-1126-8662 NR 59 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-4529 EI 1941-0115 J9 IEEE IND ELECTRON M JI IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 19 EP 31 DI 10.1109/MIE.2008.928617 PG 13 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Engineering GA 535VM UT WOS:000273000000004 ER PT J AU Nelson, CW Hati, A Howe, DA AF Nelson, C. W. Hati, A. Howe, D. A. TI Relative Intensity Noise Suppression for RF Photonic Links SO IEEE PHOTONICS TECHNOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Optoelectronic oscillator (OEO); phase noise; photonic link; relative intensity noise (RIN) ID PHASE-NOISE; OPTOELECTRONIC OSCILLATOR; OPTICAL-FIBER; PROPAGATION; REDUCTION; SPECTRUM; SYSTEMS AB We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel technique to reduce laser relative intensity noise (RIN). A RIN suppression servo is usually implemented by inserting an intensity modulator in the optical path and controlling measured light intensity with a closed-loop servo system. We utilize the intensity modulator already present in a photonic link to perform the task of RIN suppression as well as encoding the optical signal with the microwave subcarrier. This technique provides suppression of 10 to 50 dB of laser RIN over a bandwidth of 10 MHz. Furthermore, we implement this technique in an optoelectronic oscillator, significantly improving its phase noise performance due to the reduced effect of RIN on the phase noise of the oscillator. C1 [Nelson, C. W.; Hati, A.; Howe, D. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Nelson, CW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM craig.nelson@boulder.nist.gov FU Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX This work was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) under the aPROPOS program. NR 13 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1041-1135 J9 IEEE PHOTONIC TECH L JI IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 20 IS 17-20 BP 1542 EP 1544 DI 10.1109/LPT.2008.928838 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Optics; Physics GA 361HV UT WOS:000260119600035 ER PT J AU Cronin, MF Meinig, C Sabine, CL Ichikawa, H Tomita, H AF Cronin, Meghan F. Meinig, Christian Sabine, Christopher L. Ichikawa, Hiroshi Tomita, Hiroyuki TI Surface Mooring Network in the Kuroshio Extension SO IEEE SYSTEMS JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE Air-sea interaction; atmospheric measurements; climate; Global Earth Observation System of Systems (GEOSS); ocean measurements AB As a contribution to the Global Earth Observation System of Systems, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) is developing surface moorings that carry a suite of field-proven and cost-effective sensors to monitor air-sea heat, moisture, and momentum fluxes, carbon dioxide uptake, and upper ocean temperature, salinity, and currents. In June 2004, an NOAA surface mooring, referred to as the Kuroshio Extension Observatory (KEO), was deployed in the Kuroshio Extension's (KE) southern recirculation gyre, approximately 300 nautical miles east of Japan. In 2006, a partnership between NOAA and the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology was formed that deployed a second mooring (referred to as JKEO) north of the KE jet in February 2007. KE is a region of strong currents, typhoons, and winter storms. Designing and maintaining moorings in the KE is a challenging engineering task. All data are publicly available. A subset of the data are telemetered and made available in near real time through the Global Telecommunications System and web-based data distribution systems. Data from these time-series reference sites serve a wide research and operational community and are being used for assessing numerical weather prediction analyses and reanalyses and for quantifying the air-sea interaction in this dynamic region. C1 [Cronin, Meghan F.; Meinig, Christian; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Ichikawa, Hiroshi; Tomita, Hiroyuki] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol JAMSTEC, IORGC, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. RP Cronin, MF (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM meghan.f.cronin@noaa.gov RI Ichikawa, Hiroshi/A-9523-2010 OI Ichikawa, Hiroshi/0000-0001-6576-0455 FU NOAA; JAMSTEC FX Manuscript received September 21, 2007; revised April 21, 2008. First published July 25, 2008; current version published September 17, 2008. This work was supported in part by the NOAA Office of Climate Observations and by JAMSTEC. NR 20 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1932-8184 J9 IEEE SYST J JI IEEE Syst. J. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 2 IS 3 BP 424 EP 430 DI 10.1109/JSYST.2008.925982 PG 7 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science; Telecommunications GA V10NE UT WOS:000207469900015 ER PT J AU Blish, R Goel, A Jonath, A Kasprzak, L Livingston, H Schafft, H Suehle, J Walker, R AF Blish, Rich Goel, Ajit Jonath, Arthur Kasprzak, Lu Livingston, Henry Schafft, Harry Suehle, John Walker, Roy TI Robert W. Thomas In Memoriam SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Biographical-Item C1 [Blish, Rich] Spansion, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. [Goel, Ajit] Adv Power Tech, Santa Clara, CA 95051 USA. [Jonath, Arthur] Arthur Jonath & Assoc, Portola Valley, CA 94028 USA. [Kasprzak, Lu] Dade Behring Inc, Newark, DE 19702 USA. [Livingston, Henry] BAE Syst, Nashua, NH 03064 USA. [Schafft, Harry; Suehle, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Walker, Roy] SAR Associates, Rome, NY 13440 USA. RP Blish, R (reprint author), Spansion, Sunnyvale, CA 94088 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 439 EP 440 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2008.2003007 PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 371WH UT WOS:000260862900001 ER PT J AU Lenahan, PM Knowlton, B Conley, JF Tonti, B Suehle, J Grasser, T AF Lenahan, Patrick M. Knowlton, Bill Conley, John F., Jr. Tonti, Bill Suehle, John Grasser, Tibor TI Introduction to the Special Issue on the 2007 International Integrated Reliability Workshop SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lenahan, Patrick M.] Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. [Knowlton, Bill] Boise State Univ, Boise, ID 83725 USA. [Conley, John F., Jr.] Oregon State Univ, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Tonti, Bill] IBM Microelect, Essex Jct, VT 05452 USA. [Suehle, John] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Grasser, Tibor] Vienna Univ Technol, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. RP Lenahan, PM (reprint author), Penn State Univ, University Pk, PA 16801 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 3 BP 490 EP 490 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2008.2006011 PG 1 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 371WH UT WOS:000260862900010 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Cheung, KP Choi, R Lee, BH AF Wang, Y. Cheung, Kin Ping Choi, R. Lee, B. -H. TI An accurate capacitance-voltage measurement method for highly leaky devices - Part I SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE capacitance-voltage (C-V); leakage; RF capacitor; time domain; time-domain reflectometry (TDR); ultra thin oxide ID TIME-DOMAIN-REFLECTOMETRY; GATE OXIDE; SERIES-RESISTANCE; DIELECTRICS; EXTRACTION; THICKNESS; CIRCUIT AB Accurate C-V measurement becomes extremely difficult in advanced CMOS technology due to a high level of leakage across the gate dielectric. Recently, a new time-domain reflectometry (TDR)-based C-V measurement method was introduced. This new method offers ease of use and high accuracy while being able to handle a very high level of leakage current. It also allows series resistance and overlap capacitance to be extracted simultaneously and accurately without the need for additional measurement. In this paper, the theoretical basis of the TDR C-V method is described in detail, along with experimental results. C1 [Wang, Y.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. [Cheung, Kin Ping] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Choi, R.; Lee, B. -H.] SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Comp Engn, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. EM kin.cheung@nist.gov NR 18 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 8 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 EI 1557-9646 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD SEP PY 2008 VL 55 IS 9 BP 2429 EP 2436 DI 10.1109/TED.2008.928489 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 344GD UT WOS:000258914000019 ER PT J AU Wang, Y Cheung, KP Choi, R Lee, BH AF Wang, Y. Cheung, Kin P. Choi, R. Lee, B. -H. TI An accurate capacitance-voltage measurement method for highly leaky devices - Part II SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE C-V; leakage; RF capacitor; time domain; time-domain reflectometry (TDR); ultrathin oxide ID GATE OXIDE; DIELECTRICS; CURRENTS; MOSFETS AB In Part I, an accurate C-V measurement based on time-domain reflectometry (TDR) for MOS capacitors in the presence of a high level of leakage across the gate dielectric was presented. This new method is expected to have high accuracy even in the presence of a very high level of leakage current. In this paper, the basic TCR-based C-V measurement is extended to handle the parasitic, allowing the overlap capacitance to be extracted simultaneously and accurately without the need for additional measurement. In addition, a detailed error analysis is provided to complete the description of the TDR C-V measurement method. C1 [Wang, Y.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. [Cheung, Kin P.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Choi, R.; Lee, B. -H.] SEMATECH, Austin, TX 78741 USA. RP Wang, Y (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Camden, NJ 08102 USA. EM kin.cheung@nist.gov NR 9 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD SEP PY 2008 VL 55 IS 9 BP 2437 EP 2442 DI 10.1109/TED.2008.927659 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 344GD UT WOS:000258914000020 ER PT J AU Cheong, BL Palmer, RD Curtis, CD Yu, TY Zrnic, DS Forsyth, D AF Cheong, Boon Leng Palmer, Robert D. Curtis, Christopher D. Yu, Tian-You Zrnic, Dusan S. Forsyth, Douglas TI Refractivity retrieval using the phased-array radar: First results and potential for multimission operation SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE array signal processing; meteorological radar; phased array radar; rapid refractivity retrieval; surface refractivity ID OKLAHOMA MESONET; MOIST CONVECTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; DRYLINE; INITIATION; FIELDS AB In this paper, an investigation of the potential of rapid refractivity retrieval is presented. The retrieval technique utilizes radar phase measurements of ground clutter to derive near-surface refractivity, which has been commonly used as a proxy for humidity, given its close relation to vapor pressure. Surface humidity is an important meteorological parameter and has been known to play an important role in convective initiation. In this paper, the refractivity retrieval technique is exploited by using smaller numbers of samples for phase calculation, which is a fundamental process in refractivity retrieval. The impetus for this paper is to explore the possibility of rapid refractivity retrieval by exploiting the rapid beam-steering capability of a phased-array radar. Using the National Weather Radar Testbed in Norman, OK, a 64-pulse per radial raw-data set was collected for conventional refractivity processing. Then, subsets of the 64 samples were extracted to emulate shorter dwell periods and the corresponding more rapid experiments. The test cases that were considered are 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 samples. Refractivity fields retrieved using smaller numbers of samples are compared against the reference field, which was obtained using the entire 64-sample data set. It will be shown that, statistically, significant refractivity fields can be obtained from as short as a two-sample dwell. C1 [Cheong, Boon Leng; Palmer, Robert D.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Curtis, Christopher D.; Zrnic, Dusan S.; Forsyth, Douglas] NOAA OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Curtis, Christopher D.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Yu, Tian-You] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Cheong, BL (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM boonleng@ou.edu NR 24 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD SEP PY 2008 VL 46 IS 9 BP 2527 EP 2537 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.919506 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 348SY UT WOS:000259231600006 ER PT J AU Jiang, Y Wang, SY Yang, S Dong, WJ Fu, CB Zhao, TB AF Jiang, Yundi Wang, Shuyu Yang, Song Dong, Wenjie Fu, Congbin Zhao, Tianbao TI Future trends of climatic belts and seasons in China SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article DE global warming; climatic belt; climatic season; future climate in China; regional modelling ID RIEMS; MODEL AB In this study, the present and future climate under the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A2 scenario of CO(2) emission are simulated by using the Regional Integrated Environment Modeling System (RIEMS). The simulated climatic belts, climatic seasons, and Yellow River ice phenology in China are compared between the present climate during 1975-1984 and the future climate during 2035-2044. The long-term trends of the regional climate are also estimated. Compared to 1975-1984, most of the climatic belts in China will shift northward in 2035-2044, by a maximum of 1.5-2 degrees of latitude. The southern boundary of the Northern Sub-tropical Belt (NSB) will shift northward significantly, in spite of the little change in its northern boundary. The entire Southern Sub-tropical Belt (SSB) and the Middle Sub-tropical Belt (MSB), as well as the northern boundary of the Warm Extra-tropical Belt (WEB), will also shift northward by 1-2 degrees of latitude. The starting dates of spring and summer will mostly advance, opposite to the delays in the starting dates of autumn and winter. As a whole, the summer in China will grow longer by 26.1 days, while spring, autumn, and winter will become shorter by 6.8, 7.9, and 11.4 days, respectively. In the upper reach of the Yellow River (URYR), the date for enduring sub-zero temperatures will be delayed by 8 days and the date for enduring above-zero temperatures will advance by 5 days. In the lower reach of the river, the date for enduring sub-zero temperatures will be delayed by 4 days and the date for enduring above-zero temperatures will advance by 4 days. Copyright (C) 2008 Royal Meteorological Society. C1 [Jiang, Yundi; Dong, Wenjie] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Shuyu; Fu, Congbin; Zhao, Tianbao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, Key Lab Reg Climate Environm Temp E Asia, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Wang, Shuyu; Fu, Congbin; Zhao, Tianbao] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Atmospher Phys, START Reg Ctr Temp E Asia, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] NOAA, NCEP, NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, Bethesda, MD USA. RP Jiang, Y (reprint author), China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. EM jiangyd@cma.gov.cn RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; dong, wenjie/F-4314-2012 FU National Key Program for Developing Basic Science [2006CB400506]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40231006] FX This research was jointly supported by the National Key Program for Developing Basic Science (2006CB400506) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40231006). We thank Prof. D. Ye of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for his many constructive suggestions. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0899-8418 J9 INT J CLIMATOL JI Int. J. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 28 IS 11 BP 1483 EP 1491 DI 10.1002/joc.1658 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 353RU UT WOS:000259586700007 ER PT J AU Borbas, EE Menzel, WP Weisz, E Devenyi, D AF Borbas, Eva E. Menzel, W. Paul Weisz, Elisabeth Devenyi, Dezso TI Deriving atmospheric temperature of the tropopause region - Upper troposphere by combining information from GPS radio occultation refractivity and high-spectral-resolution infrared radiance measurements SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMERICAL WEATHER-PREDICTION; SIMULATION; RETRIEVAL; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; ASSIMILATION; VALIDATION; RADIATION; PROFILES; PRODUCTS; PROGRAM AB Global positioning system radio occultation (GPS/RO) measurements from the Challenging Minisatellite Payload (CHAMP) and Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C (SAC-C) satellites are used to improve tropospheric profile retrievals derived from the Aqua platform high-spectral-resolution Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) and broadband Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) measurements under clear-sky conditions. This paper compares temperature retrievals from combined AIRS, AMSU, and CHAMP/SAC-C measurements using different techniques: 1) a principal component statistical regression using coefficients established between real (and in a few cases calculated) measurements and radiosonde atmospheric profiles; and 2) a Bayesian estimation method applied to AIRS plus AMSU temperature retrievals and GPS/RO temperature profiles. The Bayesian estimation method was also applied to GPS/RO data and the AIRS Science Team operational level-2 (version 4.0) temperature products for comparison. In this study, including GPS/RO data in the tropopause region produces the largest improvement in AIRS AMSU temperature retrievals-about 0.5 K between 100 and 300 hPa. GPS/RO data are found to provide valuable upper-tropospheric information that improves the profile retrievals from AIRS and AMSU. C1 [Borbas, Eva E.; Weisz, Elisabeth] Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Menzel, W. Paul] NOAA, NESDIS Off Res & Applicat, Madison, WI USA. [Devenyi, Dezso] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Borbas, EE (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, CIMSS, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM eva.borbas@ssec.wisc.edu RI Menzel, W. Paul/B-8306-2011 OI Menzel, W. Paul/0000-0001-5690-1201 FU NOAA [NOA07EC0676] FX The authors thank Paul van Delst and Hal Woolf for providing the AMSU line-by-line transmittance model code, Szuchia Moeller for processing PREPQC data, and Dave Tobin for access to the ARM site best-estimate profiles. We also thank the three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions, which improved the paper. AIRS, AMSU, PREPQC, and GPS/RO data were obtained from NASA/JPL and NCEP. This research was supported by NOAA Grant NOA07EC0676. NR 33 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2300 EP 2310 DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1687.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349XU UT WOS:000259317400003 ER PT J AU Fast, JD Newsom, RK Allwine, KJ Xu, Q Zhang, PF Copeland, J Sun, JZ AF Fast, Jerome D. Newsom, Rob K. Allwine, K. Jerry Xu, Qin Zhang, Pengfei Copeland, Jeffrey Sun, Juanzhen TI An evaluation of two NEXRAD wind retrieval methodologies and their use in atmospheric dispersion models SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ERROR COVARIANCE FUNCTIONS; MIGRATING BIRDS; PART II; DOPPLER; WSR-88D; PROJECT AB Weather Radar (NEXRAD) radial velocities have been evaluated using radar wind profiler measurements to determine whether routine wind retrievals would be useful for atmospheric dispersion model applications. The first method uses a physical algorithm based on four-dimensional variational data assimilation, and the second simpler method uses a statistical technique based on an analytic formulation of the background error covariance. Both methods can be run in near-real time, but the simpler method was executed about 2.5 times as fast as the four-dimensional variational method. The observed multiday and diurnal variations in wind speed and direction were reproduced by both methods below similar to 1.5 km above the ground in the vicinity of Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, during July 2003. However, wind retrievals overestimated the strength of the nighttime low-level jet by as much as 65%. The wind speeds and directions obtained from both methods were usually similar when compared with profiler measurements, and neither method outperformed the other statistically. Within a dispersion model framework, the 3D wind fields and transport patterns were often better represented when the wind retrievals were included along with operational data. Despite uncertainties in the wind speed and direction obtained from the wind retrievals that are higher than those from remote sensing radar wind profilers, the inclusion of the wind retrievals is likely to produce more realistic temporal variations in the winds aloft than would be obtained by interpolation using the available radiosondes, especially during rapidly changing synoptic-and mesoscale conditions. C1 [Fast, Jerome D.; Newsom, Rob K.; Allwine, K. Jerry] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Xu, Qin; Zhang, Pengfei] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Copeland, Jeffrey; Sun, Juanzhen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Fast, JD (reprint author), Pacific NW Natl Lab, POB 999,K9-30, Richland, WA 99352 USA. EM jerome.fast@pnl.gov FU U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-AC0576FL01830] FX We thank Jeremy Rishel for his assistance with CALMET operations. This research was supported by the U. S. Department of Homeland Security through the Science and Technology Directorate, Office of Systems Engineering and Development under a Related Services Agreement with the U. S. Department of Energy (DOE) under Contract DE-AC0576FL01830. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for DOE. NR 25 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2351 EP 2371 DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1853.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349XU UT WOS:000259317400006 ER PT J AU Bao, JW Michelson, SA Persson, POG Djalalova, IV Wilczak, JM AF Bao, J. -W. Michelson, S. A. Persson, P. O. G. Djalalova, I. V. Wilczak, J. M. TI Observed and WRF-simulated low-level winds in a high-ozone episode during the Central California Ozone Study SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SAN-JOAQUIN VALLEY; FIELD-COHERENCE TECHNIQUE; BOUNDARY-LAYER DEPTH; AIR-QUALITY; PROGRAM DESIGN; SEA BREEZES; PART I; HODOGRAPH; EVOLUTION; PROFILER AB A case study is carried out for the 29 July-3 August 2000 episode of the Central California Ozone Study (CCOS), a typical summertime high-ozone event in the Central Valley of California. The focus of the study is on the low-level winds that control the transport and dispersion of pollutants in the Central Valley. An analysis of surface and wind profiler observations from the CCOS field experiment indicates a number of important low-level flows in the Central Valley: 1) the incoming low-level marine airflow through the Carquinez Strait into the Sacramento River delta, 2) the diurnal cycle of upslope-downslope flows, 3) the up-and down-valley flow in the Sacramento Valley, 4) the nocturnal low-level jet in the San Joaquin Valley, and 5) the orographically induced mesoscale eddies (the Fresno and Schultz eddies). A numerical simulation using the advanced research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) reproduces the overall pattern of the observed low-level flows. The physical reasons behind the quantitative differences between the observed and simulated low-level winds are also analyzed and discussed, although not enough observations are available to diagnose thoroughly the model-error sources. In particular, hodograph analysis is applied to provide physical insight into the impact of the large-scale, upper-level winds on the locally forced low-level winds. It is found that the diurnal rotation of the observed and simulated hodographs of the local winds varies spatially in the Central Valley, resulting from the combining effect of topographically induced local forcing and the interaction between the upper-level winds and the aforementioned low-level flows. The trajectory analysis not only further confirms that WRF reproduces the observed low-level transport processes reasonably well but also shows that the simulated upper-level winds have noticeable errors. The results from this study strongly suggest that the errors in the WRF-simulated low-level winds are related not only to the errors in the model's surface conditions and atmospheric boundary layer physics but also to the errors in the upper-level forcing mostly prescribed in the model's lateral boundary conditions. C1 [Bao, J. -W.; Michelson, S. A.; Persson, P. O. G.; Djalalova, I. V.; Wilczak, J. M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Michelson, S. A.; Persson, P. O. G.; Djalalova, I. V.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bao, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Mail Stop PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jian-wen.bao@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2372 EP 2394 DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1822.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349XU UT WOS:000259317400007 ER PT J AU Tjernstrom, M Sedlar, J Shupe, MD AF Tjernstrom, Michael Sedlar, Joseph Shupe, Matthew D. TI How well do regional climate models reproduce radiation and clouds in the Arctic? An evaluation of ARCMIP simulations SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID NUMBER-SIZE DISTRIBUTIONS; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SHEBA YEAR; SURFACE; MESOSCALE; BUDGET; AMPLIFICATION; ATMOSPHERE; SENSORS; SUMMER AB Downwelling radiation in six regional models from the Arctic Regional Climate Model Intercomparison (ARCMIP) project is systematically biased negative in comparison with observations from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) experiment, although the correlations with observations are relatively good. In this paper, links between model errors and the representation of clouds in these models are investigated. Although some modeled cloud properties, such as the cloud water paths, are reasonable in a climatological sense, the temporal correlation of model cloud properties with observations is poor. The vertical distribution of cloud water is distinctly different among the different models; some common features also appear. Most models underestimate the presence of high clouds, and, although the observed preference for low clouds in the Arctic is present in most of the models, the modeled low clouds are too thin and are displaced downward. Practically all models show a preference to locate the lowest cloud base at the lowest model grid point. In some models this happens also to be where the observations show the highest occurrence of the lowest cloud base; it is not possible to determine if this result is just a coincidence. Different factors contribute to model surface radiation errors. For longwave radiation in summer, a negative bias is present both for cloudy and clear conditions, and intermodel differences are smaller when clouds are present. There is a clear relationship between errors in cloud-base temperature and radiation errors. In winter, in contrast, clear-sky cases are modeled reasonably well, but cloudy cases show a very large intermodel scatter with a significant bias in all models. This bias likely results from a complete failure in all of the models to retain liquid water in cold winter clouds. All models overestimate the cloud attenuation of summer solar radiation for thin and intermediate clouds, and some models maintain this behavior also for thick clouds. C1 [Tjernstrom, Michael; Sedlar, Joseph] Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. [Shupe, Matthew D.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Shupe, Matthew D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Tjernstrom, M (reprint author), Stockholm Univ, Dept Meteorol, SE-10691 Stockholm, Sweden. EM michaelt@misu.su.se RI Shupe, Matthew/F-8754-2011; OI Shupe, Matthew/0000-0002-0973-9982; Tjernstrom, Michael/0000-0002-6908-7410 FU European Union FX The authors are grateful to John Cassano, Klaus Dethloff, Colin Jones, Johannes Karlsson, Susanne Pfeifer, Annette Rinke, Tido Semmler, Michael Shaw, Gunilla Svensson, Klaus Wyser, and Mark Zagar for providing the model data used in this study, to Judy Curry and Amanda Lynch for organizing the ARCMIP program, and to Elizabeth Cassano and Jeff Key for setting up forcing data fields for the model simulations. We are also grateful to the SHEBA Atmospheric Flux Group, especially Ola Persson and Chris Fairall, for access to the SHEBA surface observations and to Chris Bretherton and Stefan de Roode for the compilation of SHEBA soundings. This work was partly funded by the European Union 6th Framework program through the DAMOCLES project. NR 40 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2405 EP 2422 DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1845.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349XU UT WOS:000259317400009 ER PT J AU Giangrande, SE Ryzhkov, AV AF Giangrande, Scott E. Ryzhkov, Alexander V. TI Estimation of rainfall based on the results of polarimetric echo classification SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID DUAL-POLARIZATION RADAR; IN-SITU VERIFICATION; OKLAHOMA MESONET; HYDROMETEOR CLASSIFICATION; DIFFERENTIAL PHASE; MELTING LAYER; PRECIPITATION; REFLECTIVITY; WSR-88D; QUALITY AB The quality of polarimetric radar rainfall estimation is investigated for a broad range of distances from the polarimetric prototype of the Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D). The results of polarimetric echo classification have been integrated into the study to investigate the performance of radar rainfall estimation contingent on hydrometeor type. A new method for rainfall estimation that capitalizes on the results of polarimetric echo classification (EC method) is suggested. According to the EC method, polarimetric rainfall relations are utilized if the radar resolution volume is filled with rain (or rain and hail), and multiple R(Z) relations are used for different types of frozen hydrometeors. The intercept parameters in the R(Z) relations for each class are determined empirically from comparisons with gauges. It is shown that the EC method exhibits better performance than the conventional WSR-88D algorithm with a reduction by a factor of 1.5-2 in the rms error of 1-h rainfall estimates up to distances of 150 km from the radar. C1 [Giangrande, Scott E.] NOAA OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, Norman, OK 73072 USA. Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Giangrande, SE (reprint author), NOAA OAR, Natl Severe Storms Lab, CIMMS, 120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM scott.giangrande@noaa.gov RI Giangrande, Scott/I-4089-2016 OI Giangrande, Scott/0000-0002-8119-8199 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227]; National Weather Service; Federal Aviation Administration; NEXRAD Product Improvement Program; NSSL; CIMMS; University of Oklahoma FX The authors thank Terry Schuur and Kevin Scharfenberg of NSSL for reading the manuscript and making useful comments on it. The authors also thank Rob Cifelli (CSU) and the two anonymous reviewers for a thorough review of the manuscript. Funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U. S. Department of Commerce. Part of this work was supported by the National Weather Service, the Federal Aviation Administration, and the NEXRAD Product Improvement Program. We express our gratitude to the staff of the Oklahoma Climatological Survey for providing high-quality gauge data. Continued funding for maintenance of the Oklahoma Mesonet is provided by the taxpayers of Oklahoma through the Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education. The support from the NSSL and CIMMS, University of Oklahoma, staff who maintain and operate the KOUN WSR-88D polarimetric radar is also acknowledged. NR 51 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 47 IS 9 BP 2445 EP 2462 DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1753.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349XU UT WOS:000259317400011 ER PT J AU Li, Q Lee, BJ Zhang, ZM Allen, DW AF Li, Qinghe Lee, Bong Jae Zhang, Zhuomin M. Allen, David W. TI Light scattering of semitransparent sintered polytetrafluoroethylene films SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL OPTICS LA English DT Article DE bidirectional reflectance distribution function; bidirectional transmittance distribution function; polytetrafluoroethylene; radiative transfer; semitransparent; volume scattering ID MONTE-CARLO; MULTIPLE-SCATTERING; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; BIDIRECTIONAL REFLECTANCE; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; CALIBRATION; SPECTRALON; TISSUES; POWDER; SYSTEM AB Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a strongly scattering material and has been regarded to have optical properties similar to biological tissues. In the present study, the bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) and the bidirectional transmittance distribution function (BTDF) of several PTFE films, with thicknesses from 0.11 to 10 mm, are measured using a laser scatterometer at the wavelength of 635 nm. The directional-hemispherical reflectance (R) and transmittance (T) were obtained by integrating BRDF and BTDF for normal incidence. Comparison of the ratio of the measured R and T with that calculated from the adding-doubling method allows the determination of the reduced scattering coefficient. Furthermore, the effect of surface scattering is investigated by measuring the polarization-dependent BRDF and BTDF at oblique incidence. By analyzing the measurement uncertainty of BTDF in the near-normal observation angles at normal incidence, the present authors found that the scattering coefficient of PTFE should exceed 1200 cm(-1), which is much greater than that of biological tissues. On the other hand, the absorption coefficient of PTFE must be less than 0.01 cm(-1), much smaller than that of biological tissues, a necessary condition to achieve R >= 0.98 with a 10-mm-thick slab. (C) 2008 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. [DOI: 10.1117/1.2992485] C1 [Li, Qinghe; Lee, Bong Jae; Zhang, Zhuomin M.] Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Allen, David W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, ZM (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, George W Woodruff Sch Mech Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM zhuomin.zhang@me.gatech.edu RI Li, Qinghe/D-6747-2011; Lee, Bong Jae/G-2717-2011 FU National Science Foundation [CBET-0500113]; Department of Energy [DE-FG02-06ER46343]; Optical Technology Division of NIST FX The authors thank S. A. Prahl at Oregon Health and Science University for the communication on the adding-doubling software. Authors Lee and Zhang acknowledge the support of the National Science Foundation (CBET-0500113), and Zhang also acknowledges the support of the Department of Energy (DE-FG02-06ER46343) and the Optical Technology Division of NIST. Certain commerical equipment, instruments, or materials are identified in this work to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials or equipment identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 31 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPIE-SOC PHOTOPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERS PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98225 USA SN 1083-3668 J9 J BIOMED OPT JI J. Biomed. Opt. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 13 IS 5 AR 054064 DI 10.1117/1.2992485 PG 12 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Optics; Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging GA 384SQ UT WOS:000261764900072 PM 19021442 ER PT J AU Cleveland, TE Hussey, DS Chen, ZY Jacobson, DL Brown, RL Carter-Wientjes, C Cleveland, TE Arif, M AF Cleveland, T. E. Hussey, D. S. Chen, Z.-Y. Jacobson, D. L. Brown, R. L. Carter-Wientjes, C. Cleveland, T. E. Arif, M. TI The use of neutron tomography for the structural analysis of corn kernels SO JOURNAL OF CEREAL SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE neutron radiography; tomography; corn structure; VA35; GT-MAS : gk; Aspergillus flavus ID ASPERGILLUS-FLAVUS; MAIZE KERNELS; AFLATOXIN; RADIOGRAPHY; RESISTANCE; WOOD; AGRICULTURE AB Neutron tomography was studied as a technique for non-destructively analyzing the internal structure of dried corn kernels. The study had two goals: first. to determine if the analysis could identify well-known anatomical features of the kernels; and second, to determine if it could distinguish between different types and treatments of kernels. Specifically, kernels which were infected vs. uninfected with the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus were analyzed. Two different varieties of corn were used: VA35 (susceptible to A. flavus infection) and GT-MAS:gk (resistant). It was found that many anatomical features of the kernels could be identified using neutron tomography, including the scutellum, encdosperm, aleurone, pericarp, pedicel, coleorhizae, radical, plumule, and coleoptile. Furthermore, differences were detected between susceptible kernels that had been inoculated and those that had not. Infected kernels were found to have lower neutron attenuation in the scutellum and embryo regions, possibly caused by lower hydrogen concentrations due to fungal degradation. No systematic structural differences were detected between resistant inoculated and resistant uninoculated kernels, as expected. This study indicated that neutron tomography could be a useful technique for the structural analysis of corn, and possibly other grains or small biological objects. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Cleveland, T. E.] Tulane Univ, New Orleans, LA 70118 USA. [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.; Arif, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Ionizing Radiat Div, Neutron Interact & Dosimetry Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Z.-Y.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Plant Pathol & Crop Physiol, Ctr Agr, Baton Rouge, LA 70894 USA. [Brown, R. L.; Carter-Wientjes, C.; Cleveland, T. E.] USDA ARS, So Reg Res Ctr, Food & Feed Safety Unit, New Orleans, LA 70124 USA. RP Cleveland, TE (reprint author), Dept Biophys, 110 Jenkins Hall,3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. EM thomas.cleveland@gmail.com OI Cleveland, Thomas/0000-0003-1992-8450 NR 21 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0733-5210 J9 J CEREAL SCI JI J. Cereal Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 48 IS 2 BP 517 EP 525 DI 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.12.003 PG 9 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA 350ST UT WOS:000259374100032 ER PT J AU Perkins, RA Hammerschmidt, U Huber, ML AF Perkins, Richard A. Hammerschmidt, Ulf Huber, Marcia L. TI Measurement and correlation of the thermal conductivity of methylcyclohexane and propylcyclohexane from (300 to 600) K at pressures to 60 MPa SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL AND ENGINEERING DATA LA English DT Article ID HOT-WIRE METHOD; TRANSPORT-PROPERTIES; CRITICAL REGION; FLUIDS; LIQUIDS AB New experimental data on the thermal conductivity of methylcyclohexane and propylcyclohexane are reported that allow the development of wide-range correlations. These new experimental data, covering a temperature range of (300 to 600) K and a pressure range of (0.1 to 60) MPa, are used to develop correlations for the thermal conductivity. The experimental data reported here have an uncertainty of less than 1% for measurements removed from the critical point and for gas at pressures above I MPa, increasing to 3% in the critical region and for gas at low pressures (less than I MPa). On the basis of the uncertainty of and comparisons with the present data, the thermal conductivity correlations for methylcyclohexane and propylcyclohexane are estimated to have a relative uncertainty of about 4% at a 95% confidence level. The present data include a contribution due to thermal radiation that increases in proportion to temperature cubed up to an estimated value from 2% to 3% near 600 K. C1 [Perkins, Richard A.; Hammerschmidt, Ulf; Huber, Marcia L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Perkins, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM fichard.perkins@nist.gov OI Perkins, Richard/0000-0002-8526-6742 FU Air Force Research Laboratory [F4FBEY6346G001] FX The authors also acknowledge support of the Air Force Research Laboratory for project MIPR F4FBEY6346G001. NR 27 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0021-9568 J9 J CHEM ENG DATA JI J. Chem. Eng. Data PD SEP PY 2008 VL 53 IS 9 BP 2120 EP 2127 DI 10.1021/je800255r PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Chemical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry; Engineering GA 348FF UT WOS:000259195700019 ER PT J AU Ott, LS Smith, BL Bruno, TJ AF Ott, Lisa S. Smith, Beverly L. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Experimental test of the Sydney Young equation for the presentation of distillation curves SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE Atmospheric pressure; Distillation curve; Hydrocarbons; Sydney young equation ID AVIATION FUEL; IMPROVEMENTS; TEMPERATURE; LIQUIDS; MODEL; S-8 AB The distillation (or boiling) curve of a complex fluid is a critically important indicator of the bulk behavior or response of the fluid. For this reason, the distillation curve, usually presented graphically as boiling temperature against volume fraction distilled, is often cited as a primary design and testing criterion for liquid fuels, lubricants and other important industrial fluids. Clearly, the boiling temperatures that is measured near ambient conditions during the course of a distillation curve determination depend upon the local atmospheric pressure. For this reason, the user community is accustomed to data presented with an adjustment of the temperatures to those that would be observed at a standard atmospheric pressure of 101.325 kPa, or standard atmospheric pressure of 1 atm. Typically, this is done with a simplified Sydney Young equation. This correction makes little difference to measurements done consistently in a particular laboratory, or when the atmospheric pressure varies little. The correction can be quite large when measurements are done in laboratories at different elevations, however. In this paper, we describe an evaluation of this correction. Specifically, we performed measurements of the distillation curve of a binary mixture of (n-decane + n-tetradecane) at three elevations (and, therefore three different values of atmospheric pressures, (70.06, 82.73. and 101.00) kPa). Comparisons are made between the raw and adjusted values, and recommendations are presented as to when the equation might be inadequate. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Ott, Lisa S.; Smith, Beverly L.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU Professional Research Experiences Program (PREP) undergraduate fellowship at NIST; NAS/NRC postdoctoral associateship at NIST; Lake County High School, Leadville, CO; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD FX One of us (B.L.S.) acknowledges a Professional Research Experiences Program (PREP) undergraduate fellowship at NIST. One of us (L.S.O.) acknowledges an NAS/NRC postdoctoral associateship at NIST. We acknowledge the hospitality and collaboration of Mr. Joe King of Lake County High School, Leadville, CO, and Drs. Robert N. Goldberg and Yadu B. Tewari of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. These colleagues provided access to their laboratory facilities for our measurements. NR 27 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 1 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1352 EP 1357 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2008.05.009 PG 6 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 393BL UT WOS:000262345800004 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Tekin, A Safarov, J Shahverdiyev, A Hassel, E AF Abdulagatov, I. M. Tekin, A. Safarov, J. Shahverdiyev, A. Hassel, E. TI High-pressure densities and derived volumetric properties (excess, apparent, and partial molar volumes) of binary mixtures of {methanol (1) + [BMIM][BF4] (2)} SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS LA English DT Article DE 1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate; Apparent molar volume; Density; Methanol; Equation of state; Excess molar volume; Ionic liquid; Partial molar volume ID TEMPERATURE IONIC LIQUIDS; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; INFINITE-DILUTION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; ELEVATED PRESSURES; TAIT EQUATION; 1-N-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; 1-BUTYL-3-METHYLIMIDAZOLIUM HEXAFLUOROPHOSPHATE; CRITICAL-BEHAVIOR; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS AB The density of seven {(0.0087, 0.0433, 0.1302, 0.2626, 0.4988, 0.7501, and 0.9102) mole fraction of [BMIM][BF4]} binary {methanol (1) + [BMIM][BF4] (2)} (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) mixtures has been measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter. Measurements were performed at temperatures from (298 to 398) K and at pressures up to 40 MPa. The total uncertainties of density, temperature, pressure, and concentration measurements was estimated to be less than 0.15 kg . m(-3), 15 mK, 5 kPa, and 10(-4), respectively. The uncertainties reported in this paper are expanded uncertainties at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2. The effect of temperature, pressure, and concentration on the density and derived volumetric properties such as excess, apparent, and partial molar volumes was studied. The measured densities were used to develop a Tait-type equation of state for the mixture. The structural properties such as direct and total correlation function integrals and cluster size were calculated using the Krichevskii function concept and the equation of state for the mixture at infinite dilution. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Tekin, A.] Erciyes Univ, TR-38039 Kayseri, Turkey. [Safarov, J.; Shahverdiyev, A.] Azerbaijan Tech Univ, AZ-1073 Baku, Azerbaijan. [Safarov, J.; Hassel, E.] Univ Rostock, Lehrstuhl Tech Thermodynam, D-18059 Rostock, Germany. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov FU Rostock University of Germany FX I.M. Abdulagatov thanks the Physical and Chemical Properties Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for the Opportunity to work as a Guest Researcher at NIST during the course of this research. Dr. J.T. Safarov also thanks the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation of Germany for the support of his research work at the Rostock University of Germany. The authors would also like to thank Dr. J.W. Magee for his interest in the work and for useful discussion. NR 89 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 15 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD- ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0021-9614 J9 J CHEM THERMODYN JI J. Chem. Thermodyn. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 40 IS 9 BP 1386 EP 1401 DI 10.1016/j.jct.2008.05.005 PG 16 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 393BL UT WOS:000262345800008 ER PT J AU Mo, K Higgins, RW AF Mo, Kingtse Higgins, R. W. TI Relationships between sea surface temperatures in the Gulf of California and surge events SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTH-AMERICAN-MONSOON; SOUTHWESTERN UNITED-STATES; REGIONAL REANALYSIS; MEXICAN MONSOON; MOISTURE SURGES; NAME 2004; VARIABILITY; RAINFALL; PRECIPITATION; CLIMATOLOGY AB Relationships between sea surface temperatures (SSTs) in the Gulf of California (GoC) and moisture surge events during the North American Monsoon Experiment (NAME) were examined using the multi-platform-merged daily SST data and the final NCEP North American Regional Reanalysis. When tropical storms pass through the southern end of the gulf, they often trigger moisture surge events. When surge events pass through the gulf, SSTs in the GoC decrease. Evidence indicates that changes in SSTs in the GoC are caused by the surge events associated with tropical storms. The intensification of surface winds and changes in humidity and temperature near the surface associated with surge events increase evaporation and decrease the latent heat entering the gulf. Rainfall originating from the peaks and foothills of the Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) propagates westward into the GoC. Cloudiness increases over the GoC during the surge events, preventing shortwave radiation from reaching the oceanic surface. The net radiation entering the ocean reduces, and less heat into the ocean leads to the cooling of SSTs in the gulf. C1 [Mo, Kingtse; Higgins, R. W.] NOAA, NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Mo, K (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM kingtse.mo@noaa.gov FU CPPA [GC04-072] FX We thank Drs. P. P. Xie and W. Wang for the multiplatform-merged SST and the IR data. We also thank two reviewers for their valuable suggestions and comments. This project is supported by the CPPA Grant GC04-072. NR 32 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 17 BP 4312 EP 4325 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2113.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 345JC UT WOS:000258991500010 ER PT J AU Newman, M Sardeshmukh, PD AF Newman, Matthew Sardeshmukh, Prashant D. TI Tropical and stratospheric influences on extratropical short-term climate variability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE WINTER; SURFACE TEMPERATURE ANOMALIES; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; ROSSBY-WAVE DYNAMICS; SEA-ICE ANOMALIES; ARCTIC OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; PART I; TELECONNECTION PATTERNS; ATLANTIC OSCILLATION AB The relative impacts of tropical diabatic heating and stratospheric circulation anomalies on wintertime extratropical tropospheric variability are investigated in a linear inverse model (LIM) derived from the observed zero lag and 5-day lag covariances of 7-day running mean departures from the annual cycle. The model predicts the covariances at all other lags. The predicted and observed lag covariances are generally found to be in excellent agreement, even at the much longer lag of 21 days. This validates the LIM's basic premise that the dynamics of weekly averages are effectively linear and stochastically driven, which justifies further linear diagnosis of the system. Analysis of interactions among the LIM's variables shows that tropical diabatic heating greatly enhances persistent variability over most of the Northern Hemisphere, especially over the Pacific Ocean and North America. Stratospheric effects are largely confined to the polar region, where they ensure that the dominant pattern of sea level pressure variability is the annular Arctic Oscillation rather than the more localized North Atlantic Oscillation. Over the North Atlantic, both effects are important, although some of the stratospheric influence is ultimately traceable to tropical forcing. In general, the tropically forced anomalies extend through the depth of the troposphere and into the stratosphere, whereas stratospherically generated anomalies tend to be largest at the surface and relatively weak at midtropospheric levels. Some persistent variability is, however, found even in the absence of these "external" forcings, especially near the amplitude maxima of the leading eigenmodes of the internal extratropical tropospheric evolution operator. One of these eigenmodes has a circumglobal zonal wavenumber-5 structure with maxima over the Arabian Sea and the central Pacific, and two others are associated with north-south dipole variations across the North Atlantic jet. Overall, tropical influences are generally found to be larger than stratospheric influences on extratropical tropospheric variability and have a pronounced impact on the persistent, and therefore the potentially predictable, portion of that variability. C1 [Newman, Matthew] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Newman, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matt.newman@noaa.gov RI Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010 OI Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312 FU [NOAA/CLIVAR-Pacific] FX The authors thank Judith Perlwitz and Cecile Penland for useful conversations, and three anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper. This work was partially supported by a grant from NOAA/CLIVAR-Pacific NR 64 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 17 BP 4326 EP 4347 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2118.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 345JC UT WOS:000258991500011 ER PT J AU Liang, XZ Zhu, JH Kunkel, KE Ting, MF Wang, JXL AF Liang, Xin-Zhong Zhu, Jinhong Kunkel, Kenneth E. Ting, Mingfang Wang, Julian X. L. TI Do CGCMs simulate the North American monsoon precipitation seasonal-interannual variability? SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; TROPICAL EASTERLY WAVES; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; AR4 COUPLED GCMS; SUMMER PRECIPITATION; UNITED-STATES; CUMULUS PARAMETERIZATION; REGIONAL CLIMATE; MEXICAN MONSOON; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION AB This study uses the most recent simulations from all available fully coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (CGCMs) to investigate whether the North American monsoon (NAM) precipitation seasonal-interannual variations are simulated and, if so, whether the key underlying physical mechanisms are correctly represented. This is facilitated by first identifying key centers where observed large-scale circulation fields and sea surface temperatures (SSTs) are significantly correlated with the NAM precipitation averages over the core region (central-northwest Mexico) and then examining if the modeled and observed patterns agree. Two new findings result from the analysis of observed NAM interannual variations. First, precipitation exhibits significantly high positive (negative) correlations with 200-hPa meridional wind centered to the northwest (southeast) of the core region in June and September (July and August). As such, wet conditions are associated with strong anomalous southerly upper-level flow on the northwest flank during the monsoon onset and retreat, but with anomalous northerly flow on the southeast flank, during the peak of the monsoon. They are often identified with a cyclonic circulation anomaly pattern over the central Great Plains for the July-August peak monsoon and, reversely, an anticyclonic anomaly pattern centered over the northern (southern) Great Plains for the June (September) transition. Second, wet NAM conditions in June and July are also connected with a SST pattern of positive anomalies in the eastern Pacific and negative anomalies in the Gulf of Mexico, acting to reduce the climatological mean gradient between the two oceans. This pattern suggests a possible surface gradient forcing that favors a westward extension of the North Atlantic subtropical ridge. These two observed features connected to the NAM serve as the metric for quantitative evaluation of the model performance in simulating the important NAM precipitation mechanisms. Out of 17 CGCMs, only the Meteorological Research Institute (MRI) model with a medium resolution consistently captures the observed NAM precipitation annual cycle (having a realistic amplitude and no phase shift) as well as interannual covariations with the planetary circulation patterns (having the correct sign and comparably high magnitude of correlation) throughout the summer. For the metric of correlations with 200-hPa meridional wind, there is general agreement among all CGCMs with observations for June and September. This may indicate that large-scale forcings dominate interannual variability for the monsoon onset and retreat, while variability of the peak of the monsoon in July and August may be largely influenced by local processes that are more challenging for CGCMs to resolve. For the metric of correlations with SSTs, good agreement is found only in June. These results suggest that the NAM precipitation interannual variability may likely be determined by large-scale circulation anomalies, while its predictability based on remote signals such as SSTs may not be sufficiently robust to be well captured by current CGCMs, with the exception of the June monsoon onset which is potentially more predictable. C1 [Liang, Xin-Zhong; Zhu, Jinhong; Kunkel, Kenneth E.] Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. [Ting, Mingfang] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, New York, NY USA. [Wang, Julian X. L.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Liang, XZ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Illinois State Water Survey, 2204 Griffith Dr, Urbana, IL 61820 USA. EM xliang@uiuc.edu RI Kunkel, Kenneth/C-7280-2015; Wang, Julian/C-3188-2016 OI Kunkel, Kenneth/0000-0001-6667-7047; FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04OAR4310162]; [NOAA/ESRL/GSD]; [NCSA/UIUC] FX We acknowledge NOAA/ESRL/GSD and NCSA/UIUC for the supercomputing support. The research was partially supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award NA04OAR4310162. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the sponsoring agencies or the Illinois State Water Survey. NR 76 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 17 BP 4424 EP 4448 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2174.1 PG 25 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 345JC UT WOS:000258991500016 ER PT J AU Lin, JL Weickman, KM Kiladis, GN Mapes, BE Schubert, SD Suarez, MJ Bacmeister, JT Lee, MI AF Lin, Jia-Lin Weickman, Klaus M. Kiladis, George N. Mapes, Brian E. Schubert, Siegfried D. Suarez, Max J. Bacmeister, Julio T. Lee, Myong-In TI Subseasonal variability associated with Asian summer monsoon simulated by 14 IPCC AR4 coupled GCMs SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; AIR-SEA INTERACTION; TROPICAL INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; NORTHERN-HEMISPHERE SUMMER; LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN MODEL; LARGE-SCALE MODELS; SOUTH CHINA SEA AB This study evaluates the subseasonal variability associated with the Asian summer monsoon in 14 coupled general circulation models (GCMs) participating in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). Eight years of each model's twentieth-century climate simulation are analyzed. The authors focus on the three major components of Asian summer monsoon: the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), the western North Pacific summer monsoon (WNPSM), and the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM), together with the two dominant subseasonal modes: the eastward-and northward-propagating boreal summer intraseasonal oscillation (BSIO) and the westward-propagating 12-24-day mode. The results show that current state-of-the-art GCMs still have difficulties and display a wide range of skill in simulating the subseasonal variability associated with Asian summer monsoon. During boreal summer (May-October), most of the models produce reasonable seasonal-mean precipitation over the ISM region, but excessive precipitation over the WNPSM region and insufficient precipitation over the EASM region. In other words, models concentrate their rain too close to the equator in the western Pacific. Most of the models simulate overly weak total subseasonal (2-128 day) variance, as well as too little variance for BSIO and the 12-24-day mode. Only 4-5 models produce spectral peaks in the BSIO and 12-24-day frequency bands; instead, most of the models display too red a spectrum, that is, an overly strong persistence of precipitation. For the seven models with three-dimensional data available, five reproduce the preconditioning of moisture in BSIO but often with a too late starting time, and only three simulate the phase lead of low-level convergence. Interestingly, although models often have difficulty in simulating the eastward propagation of BSIO, they tend to simulate well the northward propagation of BSIO, together with the westward propagation of the 12-24-day mode. The northward propagation in these models is thus not simply a NW-SE-tilted tail protruding off of an eastward-moving deep-tropical intraseasonal oscillation. C1 [Lin, Jia-Lin; Weickman, Klaus M.; Kiladis, George N.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Lin, Jia-Lin] CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, NOAA ESRL, Boulder, CO USA. [Mapes, Brian E.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL USA. [Schubert, Siegfried D.; Suarez, Max J.; Bacmeister, Julio T.; Lee, Myong-In] NASA GSFC Global Modeling & Assimilat Off, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Bacmeister, Julio T.; Lee, Myong-In] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Baltimore, MD 21228 USA. RP Lin, JL (reprint author), Ohio State Univ, Dept Geog, 1105 Derby Hall,154 N Oval Mall, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. EM lin.789@osu.edu RI Mapes, Brian/A-5647-2010; OI Lee, Myong-In/0000-0001-8983-8624 NR 75 TC 57 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 18 BP 4541 EP 4567 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI1816.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 350PG UT WOS:000259365000001 ER PT J AU Chiodi, AM Harrison, DE AF Chiodi, Andrew M. Harrison, Don E. TI Hurricane alley SST variability in 2005 and 2006 SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; ATLANTIC HURRICANES; HEAT-BALANCE; INTENSITY; OCEAN; RAINFALL; ASSOCIATION; MECHANISMS; MODEL AB The North Atlantic hurricane seasons of 2005 and 2006 were dramatically different for the Gulf Coast and eastern seaboard of the United States. The 2005 hurricane season was one of the most destructive seasons in history, whereas there was limited impact in 2006. Hurricane activity had been forecast to be above normal in 2006, but it was not. One of the conspicuous differences in environmental conditions between these two years was sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) over a region of the western Atlantic and Caribbean (15 degrees-30 degrees N, 70-40 degrees W), which is important for hurricane formation and intensification. SSTA was more than 1.5 standard deviations warmer during the 2005 hurricane season, but it was much less in 2006 through most of its hurricane season. The intent of this study is to determine the mechanisms responsible for this SSTA difference. It is shown that the difference can be reproduced using a simple one-dimensional (1D) ocean mixed layer model forced with surface fluxes from the NCEP-NCAR reanalysis project. It is found that there are two causes of SSTA difference over this region during July through September: the first is latent heat flux variability caused by wind speed effects, and the second is nonlinear ocean warming caused by submonthly atmospheric variability. The observed SSTA difference is reproduced by our model even though solar forcing damps the observed difference, contrary to previous hypotheses. C1 [Chiodi, Andrew M.; Harrison, Don E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Harrison, Don E.] NOAA Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Chiodi, AM (reprint author), NOAA R Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM andy.chiodi@noaa.gov RI Harrison, Don/D-9582-2013; Chiodi, Andrew/Q-7818-2016 FU NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX This paper benefited from helpful reviews from two anonymous reviewers and Kerry Emanuel. We are grateful to G. A. Vecchi, who graciously provided the potential intensity data used in this study and offered helpful commentary. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA (Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232). NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 18 BP 4710 EP 4722 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2084.1 PG 13 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 350PG UT WOS:000259365000010 ER PT J AU Jiang, YD Dong, WJ Yang, S Ma, J AF Jiang, Yundi Dong, Wenjie Yang, Song Ma, Jun TI Long-term changes in ice phenology of the Yellow River in the past decades SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; BREAKUP; COVER AB The authors quantitatively describe the changes in the characteristics of ice phenology including the flow rate and freeze/breakup dates of the Yellow River based on observations of the past 50 yr. In both the upper and lower reaches of the Yellow River, increasing temperature delays the freeze date and advances the breakup date, thus decreasing the number of freeze days and the expanse of river freeze. From 1968 to 2001, the freeze duration has shortened significantly by 38 days at Bayangaole and 25 days at Sanhuhe, respectively. From the early 1950s to the early 2000s, the changes in freeze and breakup dates have shortened the freeze duration in the lower reach of the Yellow River by 12 days. The flow rate has reduced from 500 to 260 m3 s(-1), and the expanse of river freeze has also decreased significantly by about 310 km. In addition, in the lower reach of the river, the location of earliest ice breakup has shifted downstream significantly in the last 50 yr, although the location of earliest freeze exhibits little change. C1 [Jiang, Yundi; Dong, Wenjie] Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. [Jiang, Yundi] China Meteorol Adm, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song] NOAA Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Ma, Jun] Minist Water Resources, Yellow River Conservancy Comm, Hydrol Bur, Zhengzhou, Peoples R China. RP Dong, WJ (reprint author), Beijing Normal Univ, State Key Lab Earth Surface Proc & Resource Ecol, Beijing 100875, Peoples R China. EM dongwj@bnu.edu.cn RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009; li, dongsheng/B-2285-2012; dong, wenjie/F-4314-2012 FU National Key Program for Developing Basic Science [2006CB400506]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [40231006] FX This research was jointly supported by the National Key Program for Developing Basic Science (2006CB400506) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 40231006). We thank Prof. Duzheng Ye of the Chinese Academy of Sciences for comments on an earlier version of the paper and Dr. John Fasullo of the National Center for Atmospheric Research for helping to improve the readability of the manuscript. NR 31 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 18 BP 4879 EP 4886 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI1872.1 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 350PG UT WOS:000259365000020 ER PT J AU Hawkins, SA Villa-Aleman, E Duff, MC Hunter, DB Burger, A Groza, M Buliga, V Black, DR AF Hawkins, Samantha A. Villa-Aleman, Eliel Duff, Martine C. Hunter, Doug B. Burger, Arnold Groza, Michael Buliga, Vladimir Black, David R. TI Light-induced tellurium enrichment on CdZnTe crystal surfaces detected by Raman spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF ELECTRONIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 26th United States Workshop on Physics and Chemistry of II-VI Materials CY OCT 30-NOV 01, 2007 CL Baltimore, MD SP USA CECOM Night Vis & Elect Sensor Directorate, USA Res Lab, USA SMDC, US Navy Elect Opt Ctr, Penn State Appl Res Lab, Off Naval Res, AF Res Lab, Minerals, Met & Mat Soc, Amer Phys Soc DE Raman spectroscopy; radiation detectors; semiconductors ID CADMIUM ZINC TELLURIDE; CD0.96ZN0.04TE THIN-FILMS; RADIATION DETECTORS; VERTICAL BRIDGMAN; SPATIAL RESPONSE; CDTE; PERFORMANCE; SCATTERING; SPECTRA AB CdZnTe (CZT) crystals can be grown under controlled conditions to produce high-quality crystals to be used as room-temperature radiation detectors. Even the best crystal growth methods result in defects, such as tellurium secondary phases, that affect the crystal's performance. In this study, CZT crystals were analyzed by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The growth of Te rich areas on the surface was induced by low-power lasers. The growth was observed versus time with low-power Raman scattering and was observed immediately under higher-power conditions. The detector response was also measured after induced Te enrichment. C1 [Hawkins, Samantha A.; Villa-Aleman, Eliel; Duff, Martine C.; Hunter, Doug B.] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Burger, Arnold; Groza, Michael; Buliga, Vladimir] Fisk Univ, Nashville, TN 37208 USA. [Black, David R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hawkins, SA (reprint author), Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. EM samantha.hawkins@srnl.doe.gov NR 25 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0361-5235 J9 J ELECTRON MATER JI J. Electron. Mater. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 37 IS 9 BP 1438 EP 1443 DI 10.1007/s11664-008-0448-x PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA 346AZ UT WOS:000259042100042 ER PT J AU Loher, T Wischniowski, S Martin, GB AF Loher, T. Wischniowski, S. Martin, G. B. TI Elemental chemistry of left and right sagittal otoliths in a marine fish Hippoglossus stenolepis displaying cranial asymmetry SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE bilateral asymmetry; otoliths; Pacific halibut; Pleuronectiformes; stable isotope; trace element ID SOLE PLEURONECTES-VETULUS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; DEVELOPMENTAL INSTABILITY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY; ARAGONITIC OTOLITHS; CHEMICAL-ANALYSES; TEMPERATURE; GROWTH; STRONTIUM AB The hypothesis was tested that the sagittae of age 2 year Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis are interchangeable. by analysing whole-otolith preparations for clement-to-calcium ratios of 10 trace metals ( Li-7. Mg-25, Mn-55 Fe-56, Ni-60, Cu-63, Zn-66, Sr-88, Ba-138 and Pb-208) and carbon and oxygen stable isotope ratios (delta C-13 and delta O-18). After detrending for significant (alpha = 0.05) relationships between elemental concentration and otolith mass, significant (paired t-tests, P < 0.01) asymmetry was detected in delta C-13 and delta O-18. and Sr-88:Ca-48. Right (smaller) sagittae exhibited higher delta C-13 and delta O-18 and lower Sr-88:Ca-48, than left sagittae. Significant (alpha = 0.05) left-right differences were not detected in the remained trace metals. Given that sagittae are the same size at hatch and diverge as H. stenolepis age, the larger otolith is presumably biased towards later-accreted carbonate. Estuarine-reared flatfish probably exhibit more pronounced dissimilarities than observed here, given greater environmental variability in such habitats relative to coastal halibut nurseries, and the importance of salinity and temperature in regulating elemental uptake. Journal compilation (c) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 [Loher, T.; Wischniowski, S.] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. [Martin, G. B.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Loher, T (reprint author), Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, POB 95009, Seattle, WA 98145 USA. EM tim@iphc.washington.edu NR 54 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 13 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 73 IS 4 BP 870 EP 887 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01982.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 348RF UT WOS:000259226900008 ER PT J AU Peyronnet, A Friedland, KD Maoileidigh, NO AF Peyronnet, A. Friedland, K. D. Maoileidigh, N. O. TI Different ocean and climate factors control the marine survival of wild and hatchery Atlantic salmon Salmo salar in the north-east Atlantic Ocean SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Atlantic salmon; NAO; plankton; sea surface temperatures ID POST-SMOLT GROWTH; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; ICELANDIC STOCKS; RECAPTURE RATES; COD RECRUITMENT; SIMOJOKI RIVER; NORWEGIAN SEA; COHO SALMON; BALTIC SEA; SIZE AB The influence of climate and ocean conditions on the marine Survival of I SW Irish Atlantic salmon Salmo salar was explored. Generalized additive models (GAM) explained c. 85% of the observed variations in Survival and provided an insight into the mechanisms involved. A positive phase of the North Atlantic oscillation (NAO) and increasing sea Surface temperatures (SST) were linked to it decrease ill S. salar survival. The NAO in the winter before the smolts migration contributed to c. 70% of the deviance in marine Survival of wild fish. The abundance of the copepod Calanus finmarchicus in the north-east Atlantic Ocean explained a further 25% of these variations in wild S. salar survival. By contrast, hatchery populations seem to be controlled by additional processes involving coastal SST. The marine recruitment of hatchery S. salar wits largely explained (70% of the deviance) by SST close to the Irish coast in the spring before the year of the smolts migration. This study constitutes the first description of the processes controlling marine recruitment for these populations. (c) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (c) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 [Peyronnet, A.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Nat Resources Conservat, Amherst, MA 01003 USA. [Friedland, K. D.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Maoileidigh, N. O.] Aquaculturc & Catchment Management Serv, Inst Marine, Newport, Co Mayo, Ireland. RP Peyronnet, A (reprint author), Sea Fisheries Protect Author, Cork, Ireland. EM arnaud.peyronnet@sfpa.ie FU Marine Institute FX The authors wish to thank P. McGinnity for the valuable discussions pertinent to this work, and Our colleagues involved in the stock assessment of Irish Atlantic salmon. We also thank J. E. Nilsen for providing the time series of mixed layer depth and SAHFOS for making the CPR data available. This study was supported by a fellowship doctoral grant from the Marine Institute, under a Co-operative Program in Marine Sciences & Technology with NOAA. NR 73 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0022-1112 EI 1095-8649 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 73 IS 4 BP 945 EP 962 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01984.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 348RF UT WOS:000259226900012 ER PT J AU Harvey, CJ Ebener, MP White, CK AF Harvey, Chris J. Ebener, Mark P. White, Carolyn K. TI Spatial and Ontogenetic Variability of Sea Lamprey Diets in Lake Superior SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Sea lamprey; stable isotope analysis; lake trout; food web structure; invasive species; impact assessment ID TROUT SALVELINUS-NAMAYCUSH; PETROMYZON-MARINUS PREDATION; GREAT-LAKES; PARASITIC-PHASE; FOOD-WEB; DELTA-N-15; DELTA-C-13; GROWTH; HURON; RECOMMENDATIONS AB Invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) remain an important source of fish mortality in the Laurentian Great Lakes, yet assessing their impact is hindered by lack of quantitative diet information. We examined nitrogen and carbon stable isotope ratios (delta N-15 and delta C-13) of sea lamprey and host species in six ecoregions of Lake Superior, mainly in 2002-2004. Data implied that most sea lamprey fed primarily on upper trophic level species, including forms of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush). However, in Ontario waters, particularly semi-enclosed Black Bay, sea lamprey relied heavily on lower trophic levels, such as coregonines (Coregonus spp.) and suckers (Catostomus spp.). Sea lamprey delta N-15 and 613C generally increased with sea lamprey size, implying dependence on higher trophic levels later in life. Most parasitic sea lamprey that we captured were attached to either lean lake trout (35% of observed attachments), lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis; 25%), or cisco (C. artedii; 25%); the latter sea lamprey were typically < 15 g. Survey- and fishery-dependent wounding rate data compiled from 1986-2005 suggest that lean and siscowet lake trout were selectively parasitized by sea lamprey, which is consistent with our stable isotope data. Our results largely support the notion that lake trout are the principal host species in Lake Superior. However, stable isotope evidence that sea lamprey feed at lower trophic levels in some regions argues for comprehensive monitoring of sea lamprey impacts throughout the fish community in systems that sea lamprey have invaded. C1 [Harvey, Chris J.; White, Carolyn K.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Ebener, Mark P.] Chippewa Ottawa Resource Author, Sault Ste Marie, ON 49783, Canada. RP Harvey, CJ (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM chris.harvey@noaa.gov FU Great Lakes Fishery Commission FX We thank Don Schreiner, Ted Halpern, Stephen Schram, Shawn Sitar, Karen Schmidt, Ralph Wilcox, Dorance Brege, Rod McDonald, and the many commercial and sport fishers that collected hosts and sea lampreys. Bill Reichert, Doug Burrows, Jennie Bolton, Rich Boyer, and Beth Kochin assisted with tissue preparation and analyses. Mary Menominee and Mary Alice Breaker provided logistical support. Comments from Elizabeth Clarke, Blake Feist, Phil Levin, Kate Macneale, Mary Moser, Geoffrey Steinhart, and three anonymous reviewers greatly improved this study. This research was funded by the Great Lakes Fishery Commission. NR 39 TC 19 Z9 18 U1 12 U2 36 PU INT ASSOC GREAT LAKES RES PI ANN ARBOR PA 2205 COMMONWEALTH BLVD, ANN ARBOR, MI 48105 USA SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 34 IS 3 BP 434 EP 449 DI 10.3394/0380-1330(2008)34[434:SAOVOS]2.0.CO;2 PG 16 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 357ZF UT WOS:000259885100005 ER PT J AU Mills, KL Dabrowski, C AF Mills, Kevin L. Dabrowski, Christopher TI Can Economics-based Resource Allocation Prove Effective in a Computation Marketplace? SO JOURNAL OF GRID COMPUTING LA English DT Article DE Computation economy; Distributed resource allocation; Global behavior; Grid computing ID SYSTEMS; MANAGEMENT AB Several companies offer computation on demand for a fee. More companies are expected to enter this business over the next decade, leading to a marketplace for computation resources. Resources will be allocated through economic mechanisms that establish the relative values of providers and customers. Society at large should benefit from discoveries obtained through the vast computing power that will become available. Given such a computation marketplace, can economics-based resource allocation provide benefits for providers, customers and society? To investigate this question, we simulate a Grid economy where individual providers and customers pursue their own ends and we measure resulting effects on system welfare. In our experiments, customers attempt to maximize their individual utilities, while providers pursue strategies chosen from three classes: information-free, utilization-based and economics-based. We find that, during periods of excess demand, economics-based strategies yield overall resource allocation that benefits system welfare. Further, economics-based strategies respond well to sudden overloads caused by temporary provider failures. During periods of moderate demand, we find that economics-based strategies provide ample system welfare, comparable with that of utilization-based strategies. We also identify and discuss key factors that arise when using economic mechanisms to allocate resources in a computation marketplace. C1 [Mills, Kevin L.; Dabrowski, Christopher] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mills, KL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kmills@nist.gov NR 33 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-7873 J9 J GRID COMPUT JI J. Comput. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 6 IS 3 BP 291 EP 311 DI 10.1007/s10723-007-9094-4 PG 21 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA 525VB UT WOS:000272243500007 ER PT J AU Williamson, KS Phillips, R May, B AF Williamson, Kevin S. Phillips, Ruth May, Bernie TI Characterization of a chromosomal rearrangement responsible for producing "Apparent'' XY-female fall-run Chinook salmon in California SO JOURNAL OF HEREDITY LA English DT Article ID TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SEX-DETERMINING REGION; POLYMORPHIC MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; RAINBOW-TROUT; Y-CHROMOSOME; COLUMBIA-RIVER; CENTRAL VALLEY; ARCTIC CHARR; LINKAGE MAP; YOUNG STAGE AB Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to identify the X and Y chromosomes of offspring produced by normal and "apparent'' XY-female fall-run Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from California. FISH experiments were performed using probes to 2 sex-linked loci, growth hormone pseudogene (GH-Psi), and OtY1, as well as a probe to a sex-linked microsatellite (Omy7INRA). Comparison of FISH staining patterns between the offspring produced by normal and apparent XY-females revealed that the apparent XY-female examined transmitted a "Y-like'' chromosome with an attenuated OtY1 and GH-Psi signal to half of its offspring. Segregation analysis of microsatellites derived from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) with respect to phenotypic sex was carried out for 2 normal and 2 apparent XY-female Chinook salmon families. Inheritance patterns of Omy7INRA were consistent with this locus being closely linked to GH-Psi in males and in apparent XY-females carrying the Y-like chromosome. Another microsatellite locus (Omm1077) was closely linked to the primary sex-determining locus (SEX) in males but not to GH-Psi/OtY1 in apparent XY-females. The FISH analyses suggest that apparent XY-female fall-run Chinook salmon in California are not the product of a Y chromosome to autosome translocation. Despite the combined FISH and inheritance analyses, we were unable to differentiate between 2 alternative explanations for apparent XY-females, namely, recombination of markers between the sex chromosomes, or a Y chromosome with a dysfunctional or missing sex-determining region. C1 [Williamson, Kevin S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Phillips, Ruth] Washington State Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Vancouver, WA 98686 USA. [May, Bernie] Univ Calif Davis, Genom Variat Lab, Dept Anim Sci, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Williamson, KS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Conservat Biol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Kevin.williamson@noaa.gov NR 40 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 5 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC PI CARY PA JOURNALS DEPT, 2001 EVANS RD, CARY, NC 27513 USA SN 0022-1503 J9 J HERED JI J. Hered. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 99 IS 5 BP 483 EP 490 DI 10.1093/jhered/esn038 PG 8 WC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity SC Evolutionary Biology; Genetics & Heredity GA 335YC UT WOS:000258330500005 PM 18504255 ER PT J AU Croley, TE Raikow, DF He, CS Atkinson, JF AF Croley, Thomas E., II Raikow, David F. He, Chansheng Atkinson, Joseph F. TI Hydrological resource sheds SO JOURNAL OF HYDROLOGIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID BASIN RUNOFF MODEL; RIVER; HYDROREGIONS; GOVERNANCE; SEDIMENT; QUALITY AB When we consider a location with a material (e.g., water, pollutant, sediment) passing through it, we can ask: "Where did the material come from and how long did it take to reach the location?" We can quantify the answer by defining the areas contributing to this location during various time periods as "resource sheds." Various resource sheds and their source material distributions are rigorously defined and properties derived. For watershed hydrology, we compute resource sheds and their source distributions with a spatially distributed hydrology model by tracing water departing from a "cell" (say 1 km(2)) over one time interval, traveling through intermediate cells soil, groundwater, and surface zones, and arriving at the watershed mouth in another time interval. This requires modeling all cells, but only tracing contributions from one at a time. By then combining these simulations for all cell loadings, we construct a map of the contributions over the entire watershed for specific departure and arrival time intervals. We then combine results of several sets of simulations to determine the source distribution for any time period and infer resource sheds from these mappings. We give examples for the Maumee River watershed in northern Ohio, discuss computation reduction, and suggest future extensions to other materials. C1 [Croley, Thomas E., II] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Raikow, David F.] US EPA, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Cincinnati, OH 45268 USA. [He, Chansheng] Western Michigan Univ, Dept Geog, Kalamazoo, MI 49008 USA. [Atkinson, Joseph F.] SUNY Buffalo, Great Lakes Program, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA. RP Croley, TE (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM tom.croley@noaa.gov; raikow.david@epamail.epa.gov; chansheng.he@wmich.edu; atkinson@eng.buffalo.edu RI He, Chansheng/A-3337-2008 OI He, Chansheng/0000-0001-7748-0485 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 1084-0699 J9 J HYDROL ENG JI J. Hydrol. Eng. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 13 IS 9 BP 873 EP 885 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0699(2008)13:9(873) PG 13 WC Engineering, Civil; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 338DV UT WOS:000258486700013 ER PT J AU Mantyla, AW Bograd, SJ Venrick, EL AF Mantyla, Arnold W. Bograd, Steven J. Venrick, Elizabeth L. TI Patterns and controls of chlorophyll-a and primary productivity cycles in the Southern California Bight SO JOURNAL OF MARINE SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE chlorophyll; primary production; hydrography; California current; USA; California; Southern California Bight ID CURRENT SYSTEM; SEASONAL VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; BIOLOGICAL STRUCTURE; NORTHERN CALIFORNIA; TRANSITION ZONE; ENSENADA FRONT; JULY 1985; CONSEQUENCES; NUTRIENTS AB Factors that influence the magnitude and the depth of the chlorophyll maximum layer in the ocean off Southern California are explored using observations from the long-term California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations (CalCOFI) program. The data record is sufficiently long to reveal patterns not always evident from single stations or single cruises. Processes such as coastal wind-driven upwelling, geostrophic circulation, and annual physical and chemical cycles are illustrated to demonstrate their effect on euphotic zone nutrient availability, and subsequent phytoplankton biomass and primary productivity. In this area, where the influence of wind-driven upwelling is spatially restricted and advected waters are generally nutrient depleted, geostrophically induced upwelling and winter convection become important in determining spatial and temporal patterns of phytoplankton. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bograd, Steven J.] NOAA NMFS, Div Environm Res, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. [Mantyla, Arnold W.; Venrick, Elizabeth L.] Scripps Inst Oceanog, Integrat Oceanog Div, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Bograd, SJ (reprint author), NOAA NMFS, Div Environm Res, 1352 Lighthouse Ave, Pacific Grove, CA 93950 USA. EM steven.bograd@noaa.gov NR 37 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0924-7963 J9 J MARINE SYST JI J. Mar. Syst. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 73 IS 1-2 BP 48 EP 60 DI 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2007.08.001 PG 13 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Geology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 347HA UT WOS:000259130000004 ER PT J AU Morris, DJ Cook, RF AF Morris, Dylan J. Cook, Robert F. TI Indentation fracture of low-dielectric constant films: Part I. Experiments and observations SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID ELASTIC-MODULUS; INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION; MICROINDENTATION TESTS; MECHANICS MODEL; NANOINDENTATION; HARDNESS; DEFORMATION; CONTACT; GLASSES; SILICA AB Advanced microelectronic interconnection structures will need dielectrics of low permittivity to reduce capacitive delays and crosstalk, but this reduction in permittivity typically necessitates an increase in the porosity of the material, which is frequently accompanied by reduced mechanical reliability. Failure by brittle fracture remains a typical manufacturing and reliability hurdle for this class of materials. Part I of this two-part work explores the instrumented indentation and indentation fracture responses of a variety of organosilicate low-dielectric constant (low-kappa) films. Three different chemical varieties of low-kappa material were tested. The influence of film thickness on the fracture response is also explored systematically. Correlations are made between instrumented indentation responses and differing modes of fracture. It is demonstrated that the elastic response of the composite film + substrate systems can be simply tied to the fraction of the total indentation strain energy in the film. These results are then used in the companion paper, Part II [D.J. Morris and R.F. Cook, J. Mater. Res. 23, 2443 (2008)], to derive and use a fracture mechanics model to measure fracture properties of low-kappa films. C1 [Morris, Dylan J.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Morris, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dylan.morris@nist.gov NR 35 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0884-2914 EI 2044-5326 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2429 EP 2442 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0294 PG 14 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 352RU UT WOS:000259515900018 ER PT J AU Morris, DJ Cook, RF AF Morris, Dylan J. Cook, Robert F. TI Indentation fracture of low-dielectric constant films: Part II. Indentation fracture mechanics model SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MEASURE POISSONS RATIO; THIN-FILMS; VICKERS INDENTATION; AUXETIC MATERIALS; CHANNEL CRACKING; RADIAL FRACTURE; ACUTE PROBES; CUBE-CORNER; TOUGHNESS; CONTACT AB Part I [D.J. Morris and R.F. Cook, J. Mater. Res. 23, 2429 (2008)] of this two-part work explored the instrumented indentation and fracture phenomena of compliant, low-dielectric constant (low-kappa) films on silicon substrates. The effect of film thickness and probe acuity on the fracture response, as well as the apparent connection of this response to the perceived elastic modulus, were demonstrated. These results motivate the creation of a fracture model that incorporates all of these variables here in Part II. Indentation wedging is identified as the mechanism that drives radial fracture, and a correction is introduced that adjusts the wedging strength of the probe for the attenuating influence of the relatively stiff substrate. An estimate of the film fracture toughness can be made if there is an independent measurement of the film stress; if not, a critical film thickness for channel-cracking under the influence of film stress may be estimated. C1 [Morris, Dylan J.; Cook, Robert F.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Morris, DJ (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dylan.morris@nist.gov NR 38 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 5 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 23 IS 9 BP 2443 EP 2457 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0295 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 352RU UT WOS:000259515900019 ER PT J AU Robichaud, DJ Hodges, JT Maslowski, P Yeung, LY Okumura, M Miller, CE Brown, LR AF Robichaud, David J. Hodges, Joseph T. Maslowski, Piotr Yeung, Laurence Y. Okumura, Mitchio Miller, Charles E. Brown, Linda R. TI High-accuracy transition frequencies for the O-2 A-band SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE oxygen; frequency standard; cavity ring-down; laser spectroscopy; A-band; O-2; high-resolution ID RING-DOWN SPECTROSCOPY; HIGH-PRECISION; ABSORPTION-SPECTROSCOPY; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; LASER SPECTROSCOPY; LINE PARAMETERS; DIODE-LASER; OXYGEN; STATE; PRESSURE AB Frequencies for 32 P-branch transitions of the O-2 A-band (b(1)Sigma(+)(g) -> X-3 Sigma(-)(u) were measured between 12975 and 13 115 cm(-1) using the frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectrometer located at National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. Absolute line positions were calibrated using the hyperfine components of 39K D-1 and D-2 atomic transitions yielding uncertainties <1 MHz (similar to 3 x 10(-5) cm(-1)). Spectroscopic parameters for the b(1)Sigma(+)(g)(V = 0) state were calculated and compared with previously determined values. These new transition frequencies should serve as a convenient secondary calibration standard in the 760 nm region. (C) 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Hodges, Joseph T.; Maslowski, Piotr] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Robichaud, David J.; Yeung, Laurence Y.; Okumura, Mitchio] CALTECH, Div Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Maslowski, Piotr] Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika, Inst Fizyki, PL-87100 Torun, Poland. [Miller, Charles E.; Brown, Linda R.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Hodges, JT (reprint author), NIST, Proc Measurements Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joseph.hodges@nist.gov; mo@caltech.edu; charles.e.miller@jpl.nasa.gov; Linda.R.Brown@jpl.nasa.gov RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009; Yeung, Laurence/D-4574-2009; Maslowski, Piotr/H-4476-2014; Okumura, Mitchio/I-3326-2013 OI Yeung, Laurence/0000-0001-9901-2607; Maslowski, Piotr/0000-0001-8882-7106; Okumura, Mitchio/0000-0001-6874-1137 FU California Institute of Technology; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG06GD88G]; Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO); NIST; Environmental Science and the Dow Chemical Company Travel Fellowship FX Part of the research described in this paper was performed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Additional support was provided by the Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO) project, a NASA Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) mission; the NASA Upper Atmospheric Research Program Grant NNG06GD88G; and the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. L.Y.Y. acknowledges the support of the Davidow Graduate Fellowship in Environmental Science and the Dow Chemical Company Travel Fellowship. We thank Jeffrey Anderson (NIST Fabrication Technology Division) for preparing the potassium reference cell, Dr. Roman Ciurylo (Uniwersytet Mikolaja Kopernika) for Useful discussions oil saturation spectroscopy and Drs. Craig Sansonetti (NIST Atomic Physics Division) and Alan Pine for carefully reviewing the manuscript and offering important suggestions. NR 42 TC 50 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 251 IS 1-2 BP 27 EP 37 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2007.12.008 PG 11 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 347UY UT WOS:000259167900006 ER PT J AU Schnell, M Hougen, JT Grabow, JU AF Schnell, Melanie Hougen, Jon T. Grabow, Jens-Uwe TI Towards the complete analysis of the rotational spectrum of (CH3)(3)SnCl SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE anomalous hyperfine splittings; Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy; internal rotation barrier; permutation-inversion group theory; Stark effect; equivalent methyl tops ID TRANSFORM MICROWAVE SPECTROMETER; INTERNAL-ROTATION; VIBRATIONAL-STATE; MOLECULES; SPECTROSCOPY; BARRIER; MOMENT AB The rotational spectrum of the symmetric top trimethyl tin chloride (CH3)(3)SnCl has been studied using a pulsed molecular beam Fourier transform microwave spectrometer in the frequency range from 3 to 24 GHz. The spectrum is exceedingly complicated by the internal rotation motions of the three equivalent methyl tops, the high number of Sn- and Cl-isotopes and the quadrupole hyperfine structure of the chlorine nucleus. In this paper, we present the microwave spectrum, ab initio calculations, permutation inversion (PI) group-theoretical considerations, Stark-effect measurements and finally the K = 0 assignments and fits of the different torsion-rotation species. Based on the Stark-effect measurements, the dipole moment is p = 3.4980(30) D. Due to Delta K = +/-1-mixing effects we observe linear Stark-effect behavior and additional quadrupole splitting for some K = 0 torsion-rotation transitions in (CH3)(3)SnCl, which can be group-theoretically explained. The symmetric rotor fit of A(1) and A(2) torsion-rotation states leads to an effective B-constant of 1680.040124(92) MHz for the main isotopologue (CH3)(3)(SnCl)-Sn-120-Cl-35. A global fit of 182 K = 0 torsion-rotation transitions yields a V-3 torsional barrier of 1.774(6) kJ. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Schnell, Melanie; Grabow, Jens-Uwe] Leibniz Univ Hannover, Inst Phys Chem, D-30167 Hannover, Germany. [Schnell, Melanie; Hougen, Jon T.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schnell, M (reprint author), Max Planck Gesell, Fritz Haber Inst, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. EM schnell@fhi-berlin.mpg.de RI Schnell, Melanie/D-5329-2014 NR 26 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 251 IS 1-2 BP 38 EP 55 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2008.01.007 PG 18 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 347UY UT WOS:000259167900007 ER PT J AU Ilyushin, VV Alekseev, EA Chou, YC Hsu, YC Hougen, JT Lovas, FJ Picraux, LB AF Ilyushin, Vadim V. Alekseev, Eugene A. Chou, Yung-Ching Hsu, Yen-Chu Hougen, Jon T. Lovas, Frank J. Picraux, Laura B. TI Reinvestigation of the microwave spectrum of 2-methylmalonaldehyde SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE hydrogen transfer; internal rotation; large-amplitude motion; microwave spectrum; tunneling Hamiltonian; tunneling splittings ID METHYL AMINE; ROTATION; STATE AB The molecule 2-methylmalonaldehyde (2-MMA) exists in the gas phase as a six-membered hydrogen-bonded ring [HO-CH=C(CH3)-CH=0] and exhibits two large-amplitude motions, an intramolecular hydrogen transfer and a methyl torsion. The former motion is interesting because transfer of the hydrogen atom from the hydroxyl to the carbonyl group induces a tautomerization in the ring, which then triggers a 60 degrees internal rotation of the methyl group attached to the ring. We present a new experimental study of the microwave spectra of the 2-MMA-d0 [HO-CH=C(CH3)-CH=O] and 2-MMA-d1 [DO-CH=C(CH3)-CH=0] isotopologs of the molecule. The new measurements were carried Out by Fourier-transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy in the 8-24 GHz frequency range and by conventional absorption spectroscopy in the 49-149 GHz range. In the present work, we use a tunneling-rotational Hamiltonian based on a G(12)(m) group-theoretical formalism to carry out global fits of 2578 2-MMA-d0 transitions and 2552 2-MMA-d1 transitions to measurement uncertainty, obtaining a root-mean-square deviation of 0.015 MHz for both isotopologs. This represents a significant improvement in fitting accuracy over past attempts. Some problems associated with calculating barrier heights from the observed tunneling splittings and assumed tunneling paths are also considered. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ilyushin, Vadim V.; Hougen, Jon T.; Lovas, Frank J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ilyushin, Vadim V.; Alekseev, Eugene A.] NASU, Inst Radio Astron, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. [Chou, Yung-Ching; Hsu, Yen-Chu] Acad Sinica, Inst Atom & Mol Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. [Picraux, Laura B.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chou, YC (reprint author), Taipei Municipal Univ Educ, Dept Nat Sci, Taipei 10048, Taiwan. EM wavechou@yahoo.com.tw RI Hsu, Yen-Chu/F-7923-2012 FU National Science Council of Taiwan [NTSC 96-2113-M-133-001-MY2] FX The author Y.-C.C. thanks the National Science Council of Taiwan, Grant No. NTSC 96-2113-M-133-001-MY2 for support. NR 13 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 251 IS 1-2 BP 56 EP 63 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2008.01.005 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 347UY UT WOS:000259167900008 ER PT J AU Ilyushin, VV Motiyenko, RA Lovas, FJ Plusquellic, DF AF Ilyushin, V. V. Motiyenko, R. A. Lovas, F. J. Plusquellic, D. F. TI Microwave spectrum of glycerol: Observation of a tunneling chiral isomer SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculation; dipole moment; glycerol; microwave spectrum; rotational spectrum; tunneling ID PULSED-MOLECULAR-BEAM; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; SPECTROMETER; ROTATION; SUGAR; OCS AB The microwave spectrum of the sugar alcohol glycerol (CH2OHCHOHCH2OH) has been measured over the frequency range 8.2-26.5 GHz with a pulsed-beam Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. Five conformers of glycerol have been assigned and identified with the aid of ab initio electronic structure calculations. One of the higher energy conformers exhibits tunneling of the three hydroxyl groups along a chiral inversion pathway similar to the tunneling of the C2 polyol, ethylene glycol. Stark effect measurements were carried out on several of the lowest energy conformers to provide accurate determinations of the dipole moment components. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lovas, F. J.; Plusquellic, D. F.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ilyushin, V. V.; Motiyenko, R. A.] NASU, Inst Radio Astron, UA-61002 Kharkov, Ukraine. RP Lovas, FJ (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Francis.Lovas@nist.gov FU INTAS [06-1000014-5984] FX The authors are grateful to W. Caminatti for providing the spectral measurements on conformers 1 and 2 from his laboratory. Jon T. Hougen is acknowledged for the helpful discussions on the tunneling conformer (5). H.M. Pickett is gratefully acknowledged for providing the spectral fitting programs used in the analysis of the tunneling conformer (5) and for helpful guidance in the Stark effect analysis of this conformer. R. Motiyenko would like to acknowledge the Support of INTAS YSF #06-1000014-5984. NR 16 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 2 U2 16 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 251 IS 1-2 BP 129 EP 137 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2008.02.005 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 347UY UT WOS:000259167900014 ER PT J AU Podobedov, VB Plusquellic, DF Siegrist, KM Fraser, GT Ma, Q Tipping, RH AF Podobedov, V. B. Plusquellic, D. F. Siegrist, K. M. Fraser, G. T. Ma, Q. Tipping, R. H. TI Continuum and magnetic dipole absorption of the water vapor-oxygen mixtures from 0.3 to 3.6 THz SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE continuum; IR; THz; oxygen; water vapor; atmosphere ID WING LINE-SHAPE; ATMOSPHERIC WINDOW; COORDINATE REPRESENTATION; STATISTICAL-THEORY; ROTATIONAL BANDS; PRESSURE; REGION; SPECTROSCOPY; TEMPERATURES; SPECTRUM AB The measurement of absorbance in water vapor-oxygen mixtures is reported for the far-IR region from 10 to 120 cm(-1) (0.3-3.6 THz). The experiments were performed in a temperature-stabilized multipass absorption cell Coupled to a far-infrared Fourier transform spectrometer with a liquid-He-cooled bolometer detector. The absorbance components due to both the H2O-O-2 continuum and the oxygen magnetic dipole discrete lines have been measured in the temperature range from 294 to 333 K with a spectral resolution of 0.03 to 0.07 cm(-1). In the range up to 2.5 THz, the H2O-O-2 continuum demonstrates a nearly quadratic dependence of absorbance on frequency, while in the 3.43 THz window deviation from this dependence was detected. The series of rotational lines associated with magnetic dipole transitions was measured in pure oxygen. In the mixture of 1.36 kPa of water vapor and 79.2 kPa of oxygen, a comparable contribution from continuum and discrete lines associated with magnetic dipole transitions of O-2 was observed. The absorption coefficient of 0.066 (dB/km)/(kPa THz)(2) and its temperature exponent of 4.7 were measured for the H2O-O-2 continuum. Experimental continua data compared to theoretically predicted Values exhibit good agreement. The modeling of the resonant water vapor spectrum was performed using a Van Vleck-Weisskopf lineshape with a 215 cm(-1) far-wing cut-off and the HITRAN2004 database. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Podobedov, V. B.; Plusquellic, D. F.; Siegrist, K. M.; Fraser, G. T.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Q.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys & Appl Math, NASA, Goddard Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tipping, R. H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Podobedov, VB (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Vyacheslav.Podobedov@nist.gov FU NASA [NNH05AB211, NAG5-13337, NNG06GB23G, FCCS-547] FX The authors from NIST acknowledge with thanks support from the Upper Atmospheric Research Program of NASA, Grant NNH05AB211. Ma and Tippiing acknowledge financial support from NASA under Grants NAG5-13337, NNG06GB23G, and FCCS-547. The authors would like to thank the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (Livermore, CA) for computer time and facilities provided. NR 35 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 251 IS 1-2 BP 203 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2008.02.021 PG 7 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 347UY UT WOS:000259167900023 ER PT J AU Xu, LH Fisher, J Lees, RM Shi, HY Hougen, JT Pearson, JC Drouin, BJ Blake, GA Braakman, R AF Xu, Li-Hong Fisher, J. Lees, R. M. Shi, H. Y. Hougen, J. T. Pearson, J. C. Drouin, B. J. Blake, G. A. Braakman, R. TI Torsion-rotation global analysis of the first three torsional states (nu(t)=0, 1, 2) and terahertz database for methanol SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE large amplitude internal rotational motion; microwave; millimeter wave; terahertz; global modeling; Fourier transform ID SUBMILLIMETER-WAVE SPECTRUM; MILLIMETER-WAVE; MOLECULAR-PARAMETERS; INTERNAL ROTOR; ADDITIONAL MEASUREMENTS; PERDEUTERATED METHANOL; REST FREQUENCIES; TRANSITIONS; FIT; THZ AB Stimulated by recent THz measurements of the methanol spectrum in one of our laboratories, undertaken in support of NASA programs related to the Herschel Space Observatory (HSO) and the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA), we have carried Out a global analysis of available microwave and high-resolution infrared data for the first three torsional states (nu(t) = 0, 1, 2), and for J values up to 30. This global fit of approximately 5600 frequency measurements and 19000 Fourier transform far infrared (FTFIR) wavenumber measurements to 119 parameters reaches the estimated experimental measurement accuracy for the FTFIR transitions, and about twice the estimated experimental measurement accuracy for the microwave, submillimeter-wave, and terahertz transitions. The present fit is essentially a continuation Of Our earlier work, but we have greatly expanded our previous data set and have added a large number of new torsion-rotation interaction terms to the Hamiltonian in Our previously used Computer program. The results, together with a number of calculated (but unmeasured) transitions, including their line strength, estimated uncertainty, and lower state energy, are made available in the supplementary material as a database formatted to be useful for astronomical searches. Some discussion of several open spectroscopic problems, e.g., (i) an improved notation for the numerous parameters in the torsion-rotation Hamiltonian, (ii) possible causes of the failure to fit frequency measurements to the estimated measurement uncertainty, and (iii) pitfalls to be avoided when intercomparing apparently identical parameters from the internal axis method and the rho axis method are also given. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Xu, Li-Hong; Fisher, J.; Lees, R. M.; Shi, H. Y.] Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, CLAMS, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. [Hougen, J. T.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pearson, J. C.; Drouin, B. J.] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Blake, G. A.; Braakman, R.] CALTECH, Dept Chem & Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Xu, LH (reprint author), Univ New Brunswick, Dept Phys, CLAMS, POB 5050, St John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada. EM lxu@unbsj.ca RI Xu, Li-Hong/J-5095-2015 FU Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; NSERC-USRA FX The authors thank Drs. 1. Kleiner and M. Godefroid for making their acetaldehyde (CH3CHO) internal rotation global fitting program available for this work. L.HX and R.M.L. thank the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for financial support of this research program. J. Fisher is grateful for NSERC-USRA (Undergraduate Summer Research Award) support. Portions of the research described in this paper were carried out at the jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Copyright 2008 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged. NR 39 TC 72 Z9 72 U1 2 U2 20 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 251 IS 1-2 BP 305 EP 313 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2008.03.017 PG 9 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 347UY UT WOS:000259167900038 ER PT J AU Coudert, LH Wagner, G Birk, M Baranov, YI Lafferty, WJ Flaud, JM AF Coudert, L. H. Wagner, G. Birk, M. Baranov, Yu. I. Lafferty, W. J. Flaud, J. -M. TI The (H2O)-O-16 molecule: Line position and line intensity analyses up to the second triad SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE water; high-resolution; line position; line strength; infrared; analysis; first triad; second triad; anomalous centrifugal distortion; bending-rotation ID PURE ROTATIONAL TRANSITIONS; EXPERIMENTAL ENERGY-LEVELS; EXCITED VIBRATIONAL-STATE; MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; WATER MOLECULE; FLAME SPECTRA; NU(2) BAND; HOT-WATER; H2O; STRENGTHS AB Accurate line strengths were obtained for the (H2O)-O-16 molecule in the 800-1750 cm(-1) region. Measurements were carried Out for 974 lines including pure rotational transitions and nu(2), 2 nu(2) - nu(2), 3 nu(2) - 2 nu(2), and nu(1) - nu(2) band transitions. The absolute experimental uncertainty on the measurements, in percent of the observed line strength, is 1.5% or better for a number of lines. Line position and line intensity analyses of data pertaining to water and involving the eight first vibrational states of this molecule were also carried out. The data considered in the line position analysis were taken from the literature and involved rotational energy levels, line positions, and microwave frequencies. The data considered in the line intensity analysis involve the line strengths measured in this work, line strengths available from the literature, and Stark coefficients. The theoretical model used in both analyses accounts for anomalous centrifugal distortion effects. The unitless standard deviation achieved in both analyses is 1.2. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Coudert, L. H.; Flaud, J. -M.] CNRS, UMR 7583, LISA, FR-94010 Creteil, France. [Coudert, L. H.; Flaud, J. -M.] Univ Paris 07, FR-94010 Creteil, France. [Wagner, G.; Birk, M.] Inst Method Fernerkundung, Deutsch Zentrum Luft & Raumfahrt eV, D-82234 Wessling, Germany. [Baranov, Yu. I.; Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Coudert, LH (reprint author), CNRS, UMR 7583, LISA, 61 Ave Gen Gaulle, FR-94010 Creteil, France. EM coudert@lisa.univ-paris12.fr FU WDC-RSAT FX The DLR team acknowledges BMBF support in the frame of the HGF-Vei-netzungsfonds "Generierung und Validierung Von Datenprodukten aus ENVISAT-Messungen sowie deren Nutzung zur Erforschung der oberen Troposphaere und Stratosphaere" and support by the WDC-RSAT at DLR. The authors are grateful to Drs. S. Mikhailenko, L. Wang, S. Kassi, and A. Campargue for making their measurements available prior to publications. NR 52 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 14 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 251 IS 1-2 BP 339 EP 357 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2008.03.021 PG 19 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 347UY UT WOS:000259167900043 ER PT J AU Mohr, PJ Taylor, BN Neweo, DB AF Mohr, Peter J. Taylor, Barry N. Neweo, David B. TI CODATA recommended values of the fundamental physical constants: 2006 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE Avogadro constant; Boltzmann constant; elementary charge; fine-structure constant; fundamental constants; Josephson effect; Newtonian gravitational constant; particle magnetic moments; particle masses; Planck constant; quantum electrodynamics; quantum Hall effect ID ANOMALOUS MAGNETIC-MOMENT; FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; QUANTIZED HALL RESISTANCE; PROTON GYROMAGNETIC RATIO; HYDROGEN ENERGY-LEVELS; ELECTRON G-FACTOR; OSCILLATORY FIELD MEASUREMENT; OPTICAL FREQUENCY-MEASUREMENT; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE INTERVAL; NIST CALCULABLE CAPACITOR AB This paper gives the 2006 self-consistent set of values of the basic constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data for Science and Technology (CODATA) for international use. Further, it describes in detail the adjustment of the values of the constants, including the selection of the final set of input data based on the results of least-squares analyses. The 2006 adjustment takes into account the data considered in the 2002 adjustment as well as the data that became available between 31 December 2002, the closing date of that adjustment, and 31 December 2006, the closing date of the new adjustment. The new data have led to a significant reduction in the uncertainties of many recommended values. The 2006 set replaces the previously recommended 2002 CODATA set and may also be found on the World Wide Web at http://physics.nist.gov/constants. (C) 2008 by the US. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 [Mohr, Peter J.; Taylor, Barry N.; Neweo, David B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mohr, PJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mohr@nist.gov; barry.taylor@nist.gov; dnewell@nist.gov NR 357 TC 79 Z9 80 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1187 EP 1284 DI 10.1063/1.2844785 PG 98 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 349EV UT WOS:000259265000001 ER PT J AU Kelleher, DE Podobedova, LI AF Kelleher, D. E. Podobedova, L. I. TI Atomic transition probabilities of silicon. A critical compilation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE atomic spectra; energy levels; ions; line strengths; oscillator strengths; silicon; transition probabilities; uncertainties ID BE-LIKE IONS; WEIGHTED OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; BORON ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; MANY-BODY CALCULATIONS; AB-INITIO CALCULATION; PAULI ENERGY-LEVELS; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE TRANSITIONS; FINE-STRUCTURE TRANSITIONS; WAVE COLLISION STRENGTHS; OPACITY CALCULATIONS AB This compilation is the third in a series of updates to a critical compilation published in 1969 by Wiese et al. [Atomic Transition Probabilities, Vol. II: Sodium through Calcium, NSRDS-NBS Vol. 22 (U.S. GPO, Washington, D.C., 1969)]. Atomic transition probabilities have been critically evaluated and compiled for about 5800 spectral lines of silicon (nuclear charge Z=14). The cited values and their estimated uncertainties are based on our consideration of all available theoretical and experimental literature sources. All ionization stages (except for hydrogenic) are covered, and the data are presented in separate tables for each atom and ion. Separate listings are given for "allowed" (electric dipole) and "forbidden" (magnetic dipole plus electric and magnetic quadrupole) transitions. In each spectrum, lines are grouped into multiplets which are arranged in order of ascending lower and upper level energies, respectively. For each line, the emission transition probability A(ki), the line strength S, and (for allowed lines) the absorption oscillator strength f(ik) are given, together with the spectroscopic designation, the wavelength, the statistical weights, and the energy levels of the lower and upper states. The estimated relative uncertainties of the line strength are also indicated, as are the source citations. We include only those lines whose transition rates are deemed sufficiently accurate to qualify as reference values. Short introductions precede the tables for each ion. (C) 2008 by the U.S. Secretary of Commerce on behalf of the United States. All rights reserved. C1 [Kelleher, D. E.; Podobedova, L. I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kelleher, DE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM daniel.kelleher@nist.gov; larissa.podobedova@nist.gov NR 106 TC 34 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD SEP PY 2008 VL 37 IS 3 BP 1285 EP 1501 DI 10.1063/1.2734566 PG 217 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 349EV UT WOS:000259265000002 ER PT J AU Harrison, MJ Hallberg, RW AF Harrison, M. J. Hallberg, R. W. TI Pacific subtropical cell response to reduced equatorial dissipation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; OCEAN MODELS; TROPICAL PACIFIC; NORTH PACIFIC; SUBSURFACE COUNTERCURRENTS; INTERNAL WAVES; PART I; WATER; THERMOCLINE AB Equatorial turbulent diffusivities resulting from breaking gravity waves may be more than a factor of 10 less than those in the midlatitudes. A coupled general circulation model with a layered isopycnal coordinate ocean is used to assess Pacific climate sensitivity to a latitudinally varying background diapycnal diffusivity with extremely low values near the equator. The control experiments have a minimum upper-ocean diffusivity of 10(-5) m(2) s(-1) and are initialized from present-day conditions. The average depth of the sigma(theta) = 26.4 interface (z(26.4)) in the Pacific increases by similar to 140 m after 500 yr of coupled model integration. This corresponds to a warming trend in the upper ocean. Low equatorial diffusivities reduce the z(26.4) bias by similar to 30%. Isopycnal surfaces are elevated from the eastern boundary up to midlatitudes by cooling in the upper several hundred meters, partially compensated by freshening. Entrainment of intermediate water masses from below sigma(theta) = 26.4 decreases by similar to 1.5 Sv (1 Sv equivalent to 10(6) m(3) s(-1)), mainly in the western tropical Pacific. The Pacific heat uptake (30 degrees S-30 degrees N) from the atmosphere reduces by similar to 0.1 PW. This is associated with warmer entrainment temperatures in the eastern equatorial Pacific upwelling region. Equatorward heat transport from the Southern Ocean increases by similar to 0.07 PW. Reducing the upper-ocean background diffusivity uniformly to 10(-6) m(2) s(-1) cools the upper ocean from the tropics, but warms and freshens from the midlatitudes. Enhanced convergence into the Pacific of water lighter than sigma(theta) = 26.4 compensates the reduction in upwelling of intermediate waters in the tropics. Basin-averaged z(26.4) bias increases in the low background case. These results demonstrate basin-scale sensitivity to the observed suppression of equatorial background dissipation. This has clear implications for understanding oceanic heat uptake in the Pacific as well as other important aspects of the climate system. Diapycnal diffusivities due to truncation errors and other numerical artifacts in ocean models may need to be less than 10(-6) m(2) s(-1) in order to accurately represent this effect in climate models. C1 [Harrison, M. J.; Hallberg, R. W.] NOAA GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. RP Harrison, MJ (reprint author), NOAA GFDL, POB 308, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM matthew.harrison@noaa.gov NR 57 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 9 BP 1894 EP 1912 DI 10.1175/2008JPO3708.1 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 354JV UT WOS:000259636800003 ER PT J AU Ganachaud, A Gourdeau, L Kessler, W AF Ganachaud, Alexandre Gourdeau, Lionel Kessler, William TI Bifurcation of the subtropical south equatorial current against New Caledonia in December 2004 from a hydrographic inverse box model SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; DEPTH-INTEGRATED FLOW; ZONAL JETS; CORAL SEA; CIRCULATION; WATERS; VARIABILITY; GENERATION; ISLAND; HEAT AB The South Equatorial Current (SEC), the westward branch of the South Pacific subtropical gyre, extends from the equator to 30 degrees S at depth. Linear ocean dynamics predict that the SEC forms boundary currents on the eastern coasts of the South Pacific islands it encounters. Those currents would then detach at the northern and southern tips of the islands, and cross the Coral Sea in the form of jets. The Fiji Islands, the Vanuatu archipelago, and New Caledonia are the major topographic obstacles on the SEC pathway to the Australian coast. Large-scale numerical studies, as well as climatologies, suggest the formation of three jets in their lee: the north Vanuatu jet (NVJ), the north Caledonian jet (NCJ), and the south Caledonian jet (SCJ), implying a bifurcation against the east coast of each island. The flow observed during the SECALIS-2 cruise in December 2004 between Vanuatu and New Caledonia is presented herein. An inverse box model is used to provide quantitative transport estimates with uncertainties and to infer the pathways and boundary current formation. For that particular month, the 0-2000-m SEC inflow was found to be 20 +/- 4 Sv (1 Sv equivalent to 10(6) m(3) s(-1)) between Vanuatu and New Caledonia. Of that, 6 +/- 2 Sv bifurcated to the south in a boundary current against the New Caledonia coast (the Vauban Current), and the remainder exited north of New Caledonia, feeding the NCJ. The flow is comparable both above and below the thermocline, while complex topography, associated with oceanic eddy generation, introduces several recirculation features. To the north, the NCJ, which extends down to 1500 m, was fed not only by the SEC inflow, but also by waters coming from the north, which have possibly been recirculated. To the south, a westward current rounds the tip of New Caledonia. A numerical simulation suggests a partial continuity with the deep extension of the Vauban Current (this current would then be the SCJ) while the hydrographic sections are too distant to confirm such continuity. C1 [Ganachaud, Alexandre; Gourdeau, Lionel] IRD CNES CNRS UPS, Lab Etud Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, UMR5566, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Kessler, William] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. RP Ganachaud, A (reprint author), IRD CNES CNRS UPS, Lab Etud Geophys & Oceanog Spatiales, UMR5566, BP A5, Noumea, New Caledonia. EM alexandre.ganachaud@noumea.ird.nc RI Ganachaud, Alexandre/B-7556-2013 FU IRD; LEGOS; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO); NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1232] FX The SECALIS-2 cruise was supported by IRD and LEGOS, as exploratory experiments that contributed to the development of coordinated research in the southwest Pacific Ocean (Ganachaud et al. 2007). We are particularly grateful to the R/V Alis crew and the US25 (IRD) staff who made the SECALIS-2 cruise possible. E. Kestenare (IRD) processed the CTD and ADCP data. C. Maes (IRD) and two anonymous reviewers provided stimulating comments to improve the manuscript. J. Lefevre's (IRD) help with model analysis was appreciated. K. Ridgway kindly provided the CARS climatology data used on Fig. 1. AG thanks NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and its director, Dr. Eddie Bernard, for hosting him during this work. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232. NR 40 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0022-3670 J9 J PHYS OCEANOGR JI J. Phys. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 38 IS 9 BP 2072 EP 2084 DI 10.1175/2008JPO3901.1 PG 13 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 354JV UT WOS:000259636800014 ER PT J AU Laurel, BJ Hurst, TP Copeman, LA Davis, MW AF Laurel, Benjamin J. Hurst, Thomas P. Copeman, Louise A. Davis, Michael W. TI The role of temperature on the growth and survival of early and late hatching Pacific cod larvae (Gadus macrocephalus) SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; ESCAPE RESPONSE; MALLOTUS-VILLOSUS; EGG SIZE; FISH; MORTALITY; SALINITY; TIME; EVOLUTION; ECOLOGY AB Fish larvae hatch asynchronously from egg batches despite experiencing a common environment during their development. The consequences for growth and survival of early and late hatching larvae were examined in pre-feeding Pacific cod larvae under varying temperatures (i.e. 0-8 degrees C) in the laboratory. As expected, time-to-first hatch and variation in time-to-hatch were negatively correlated with temperature. Larvae successfully hatched in the 0 degrees C treatment, but hatch rates were poorer at this temperature relative to other temperature treatments. Size-at-hatch and the maximum size achieved during the pre-feeding larval stage were highest in the 0-4 degrees C treatments, indicating that these temperatures are likely optimal for the conversion of endogenous resources to growth. At all temperatures, early hatching larvae were smaller but had more lipid reserves and survived longer after hatch in the absence of food than late hatching larvae. Together these data suggest that temperature fluctuations in the North Pacific have direct potential to impact the size, growth and endogenous reserves of Pacific cod larvae, which in turn, will likely influence survival through interactions with the prey and predator field. C1 [Laurel, Benjamin J.; Hurst, Thomas P.; Copeman, Louise A.; Davis, Michael W.] NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Laurel, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv,Hatfield Marine Sci Ct, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM ben.laurel@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013 FU North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) [R0605] FX This project was supported in part with funding from the North Pacific Research Board (NPRB) grant #R0605. NR 34 TC 30 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 12 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 30 IS 9 BP 1051 EP 1060 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbn057 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 349SQ UT WOS:000259304000008 ER PT J AU Gaigalas, AK Hunt, F Wang, LL AF Gaigalas, Adolfas K. Hunt, Fern Wang, Lili TI Modeling of Photochemical Reactions in a Focused Laser Beam, II SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE fluorescence; frequency domain; photochemical reactions; photodegradation ID PHOTODEGRADATION; PHOSPHORESCENCE; FLUORESCEIN AB A method is described for obtaining the rate constant of the photodegradation process of fluorophores illuminated by a focused laser beam. The explicit kinetic equations, describing the population dynamics of excited singlet and triplet states, are averaged over the illuminated volume to describe the resulting fluorescence signal. The illumination is modulated at frequencies from 1 Hz to 100 Hz. Synchronous detection of the resulting fluorescence yields in-phase and quadrature components. The measurement of the ratio of quadrature to in-phase components at several power levels yields information on the photodegradation rate. Specifically it is shown that the data can be interpreted in a manner which yields the value of the photodegradation rate independently of other parameters entering the model. Experiments are performed with erythrosine B which has a large intersystem crossing rate to the triplet state. Measurements in solutions with different viscosities show that the photodegradation rate depends on the viscosity. This is interpreted as evidence for an intermolecular interaction mechanism. We explore the uncertainty of the estimated photodegradation constant taking into account the uncertainties of the measurements used in the synchronous detection technique. C1 [Gaigalas, Adolfas K.; Wang, Lili] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hunt, Fern] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gaigalas, AK (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM adolfas.gaigalas@nist.gov; fern.hunt@nist.gov; lili.wang@nist.gov NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 BP 251 EP 263 DI 10.6028/jres.113.019 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 379GY UT WOS:000261385900001 PM 27096125 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, BE Cessna, JT Fitzgerald, R AF Zimmerman, B. E. Cessna, J. T. Fitzgerald, R. TI Standardization of Ge-68/Ga-68 Using Three Liquid Scintillation Counting Based Methods SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE anticoincidence counting; CIEMAT/NIST method; germanium-68; liquid scintillation counting; positron emitter; standardization; TDCR method ID TDCR METHOD; RADIONUCLIDES; TRIPLE; NI-63; F-18 AB A solution containing Ge-68 in equilibrium with its daughter, Ga-68, has been standardized for the first time at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) using 3 liquid scintillation-based techniques: live-timed 4 pi beta-gamma anticoincidence (LTAC) counting, the Triple-to-Double Coincidence Ratio (TDCR) method, and 3H-standard efficiency tracing with the CIEMAT(1)/NIST (CNET) method. The LTAC technique is much less dependent on level scheme data and model-dependent parameters and was thus able to provide a reference activity concentration value for the master solution with a combined standard uncertainty of about 0.3 %. The other two methods gave activity concentration values with respective differences from the reference value of +1.2 % and -1.5 %, which were still within the experimental uncertainties. Measurements made on the NIST "4 pi"gamma secondary standard ionization chamber allowed for the determination of calibration factors for that instrument, allowing future calibrations to be made for Ge-68/Ga-68 without the need for a primary measurement. The ability to produce standardized solutions of 68Ge presents opportunities for the development of a number of NIST-traceable calibration sources with very low (<1 %) relative standard uncertainties that can be used in diagnostic medical imaging. C1 [Zimmerman, B. E.] NIST, Ionizat Radiat Div, Radioact Grp, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zimmerman, BE (reprint author), NIST, Ionizat Radiat Div, Radioact Grp, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bez@nist.gov; jeffrey.cessna@nist.gov; ryan.fitzgerald@nist.gov RI Fitzgerald, Ryan/H-6132-2016 FU RadQual, LLC FX A portion of this work was supported by RadQual, LLC. NR 27 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 BP 265 EP 280 DI 10.6028/jres.113.020 PG 16 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 379GY UT WOS:000261385900002 PM 27096126 ER PT J AU Fick, SE AF Fick, Steven E. TI Long-Term Stability of the NIST Standard Ultrasonic Source SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE long term stability; radiation force balance; standard ultrasonic source; ultrasonic power ID PULSED RADIATION PRESSURE; POWER OUTPUT AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Standard Ultrasonic Source (SUS) is a system comprising a transducer capable of output power levels up to 1 W at multiple frequencies between 1 MHz and 30 MHz, and an electrical impedance-matching network that allows the system to be driven by a conventional 50 Omega rf (radio-frequency) source. It is designed to allow interlaboratory replication of ultrasonic power levels with high accuracy using inexpensive readily available ancillary equipment. The SUS was offered for sale for 14 years (1985 to 1999). Each system was furnished with data for the set of calibration points (combinations of power level and frequency) specified by the customer. Of the systems that had been ordered with some calibration points in common, three were returned more than once to NIST for recalibration. Another system retained at NIST has been recalibrated periodically since 1984. The collective data for these systems comprise 9 calibration points and 102 measurements spanning a 17 year interval ending in 2001, the last year NIST ultrasonic power measurement services were available to the public. These data have been analyzed to compare variations in output power with frequency, power level, and time elapsed since the first calibration. The results verify the claim, made in the instruction sheet furnished with every SUS, that "long-term drift, if any, in the calibration of NIST Standard Sources is insignificant compared to the uncertainties associated with a single measurement of ultrasonic power by any method available at NIST." C1 NIST, Mfg Metrol Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fick, SE (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Metrol Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM steven.fick@nist.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 BP 281 EP 286 DI 10.6028/jres.113.021 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 379GY UT WOS:000261385900003 PM 27096127 ER PT J AU Forbes, M Lawrence, J Lei, Y Kacker, RN Kuhn, DR AF Forbes, Michael Lawrence, Jim Lei, Yu Kacker, Raghu N. Kuhn, D. Richard TI Refining the In-Parameter-Order Strategy for Constructing Covering Arrays SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE blackbox testing; covering arrays; pairwise and higher strength testing AB Covering arrays are structures for well-representing extremely large input spaces and are used to efficiently implement blackbox testing for software and hardware. This paper proposes refinements over the In-Parameter-Order strategy (for arbitrary t). When constructing homogeneous-alphabet covering arrays, these refinements reduce runtime in nearly all cases by a factor of more than 5 and in some cases by factors as large as 280. This trend is increasing with the number of columns in the covering array. Moreover, the resulting covering arrays are about 5 % smaller. Consequently, this new algorithm has constructed many covering arrays that are the smallest in the literature. A heuristic variant of the algorithm sometimes produces comparably sized covering arrays while running significantly faster. C1 [Forbes, Michael; Kuhn, D. Richard] NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Forbes, Michael] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Lawrence, Jim] George Mason Univ, Dept Math Sci, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. RP Forbes, M (reprint author), NIST, Comp Secur Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.forbes@nist.gov; james.lawrence@nist.gov; yu.lei@nist.gov; raghu.kacker@nist.gov; richard.kuhn@nist.gov NR 9 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 1 U2 3 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 BP 287 EP 297 DI 10.6028/jres.113.022 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 379GY UT WOS:000261385900004 PM 27096128 ER PT J AU Levine, ZH Cockayne, E AF Levine, Zachary H. Cockayne, Eric TI The Pole Term in Linear Response Theory: An Example From the Transverse Response of the Electron Gas SO JOURNAL OF RESEARCH OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF STANDARDS AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE electron gas; f-sum rule; Lindhard dielectric function; linear response theory; second order pole; transverse dielectric function ID DIELECTRIC FUNCTION AB In linear response theory, the dielectric response at zero frequency sometimes appears to violate the f-sum rule, which has apparent implications for causality. Here, we study the origin of this apparent discrepancy, focusing on Lindhard's formula for the transverse response of the electron gas. At non-zero frequency, first-order poles contribute to the imaginary part of the dielectric function in the usual way. At zero frequency, second-order poles contribute in a way which forces a careful consideration of the notation of summation and integration to avoid an error. A compact formula for the contribution of the second-order poles is presented. The sense in which the f-sum rule is satisfied is discussed. C1 [Levine, Zachary H.] NIST, Electron & Opt Phys Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cockayne, Eric] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Levine, ZH (reprint author), NIST, Electron & Opt Phys Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM zlevine@nist.gov; eric.cockayne@nist.gov NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU US GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PI WASHINGTON PA SUPERINTENDENT DOCUMENTS,, WASHINGTON, DC 20402-9325 USA SN 1044-677X J9 J RES NATL INST STAN JI J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stand. Technol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 113 IS 5 BP 299 EP 304 DI 10.6028/jres.113.023 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 379GY UT WOS:000261385900005 PM 27096129 ER PT J AU Moon, D Bur, AJ Migler, KB AF Moon, Doyoung Bur, Anthony J. Migler, Kalman B. TI Multi-sample micro-slit rheometry SO JOURNAL OF RHEOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SMALL SAMPLES; FLOW; VISCOMETER; LIQUIDS AB We have developed a multi-sample micro-slit rheometer (MMR) which is capable of measurements over a broad range of temperatures, viscosities and shear rates. The instrument is mechanically simple as the flow is generated by external gas pressure and the shear rate is measured through optical tracking of the flow front. In the current implementation, the required volume of each sample is approximately 20 mu L and we measure four samples simultaneously. We demonstrate the performance of the MMR by measurement of the flow curves (viscosity versus shear rate) of three representative polymers: A polydimethylsiloxane melt, a polyisobutylene solution, and a polystyrene melt. We adapt standard data correction methods to account for shear-thinning and entry/flow-front effects. We report a high level of accuracy and precision. This instrument will be particularly useful in cases of multiple samples, limited material quantity, and when optical access is useful. C1 [Moon, Doyoung; Bur, Anthony J.; Migler, Kalman B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Moon, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM doyoung.moon@nist.gov NR 22 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU JOURNAL RHEOLOGY AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0148-6055 J9 J RHEOL JI J. Rheol. PD SEP-OCT PY 2008 VL 52 IS 5 BP 1131 EP 1142 DI 10.1122/1.2955511 PG 12 WC Mechanics SC Mechanics GA 339ZU UT WOS:000258616600005 ER PT J AU Belik, AA Huang, QZ Takayama-Muromacchi, E Lynn, JW AF Belik, Alexei A. Huang, Qingzhen Takayama-Muromacchi, Eiji Lynn, Jeffrey W. TI Neutron powder diffraction study of the magnetic and crystal structures of SrFe2(PO4)(2) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE neutron powder diffraction; magnetic structure; crystal structure; low-dimensional magnets ID ANHYDROUS PHOSPHATES; THERMAL-BEHAVIOR; PHASE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ORTHOPHOSPHATE; SRCU2(PO4)(2); BANI2(PO4)2; MNWO4; FIELD; HEAT AB The crystal and magnetic structures of SrFe22+(PO4)(2) have been determined by neutron powder diffraction data at low temperatures (space group P2(1)/c (no. 14); Z=4: a=9.35417(13)angstrom, b = 6.83808(10) angstrom, c = 10.51899(15) angstrom, and beta = 109.5147(7)degrees at 15 K). Two magnetic phase transitions were found at T-1 = 7.4 K (first-order phase transition) and T-2 = 11.4 K (second-order phase transition). The transition at T2 was hardly detectable by dc and ac magnetization measurements, and a small anomaly was observed by specific heat measurements. At T1, strong anomalies were found by dc and ac magnetization and specific heat. The structure of SrFe2(PO4)(2) consists of linear four-spin cluster units, Fe2-Fe1-Fe1-Fe2. Below T-1, the propagation vector of the magnetic structure is k [0,0,0]. The magnetic moments of the inner Fe1-Fe1 atoms of the four-spin cluster unit are ferromagnetically coupled. The magnetic moment of the outer Fe2 atom is also ferromagnetically Coupled with that of the Fe1 atom but with spin canting. The four-spin cluster units form ferromagnetic layers parallel to the [-101] plane, while these layers are stacked antiferromagnetically in the [-101] direction. Spill canting of the Outer Fe2 atoms provides a weak ferromagnetic moment of about 1 (mu B) along the b-axis. The refined magnetic moments at 3.5 K are 4.09 (mu B) for Fe1 and 4.07 (mu B) for Fe2. Between T-1 and T-2, a few weak magnetic reflections were observed probably due to incommensurate magnetic order. (C)2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Belik, Alexei A.; Takayama-Muromacchi, Eiji] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Int Ctr Mat Nanoarchitectron MANA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. [Huang, Qingzhen; Lynn, Jeffrey W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Belik, AA (reprint author), Natl Inst Mat Sci, Int Ctr Mat Nanoarchitectron MANA, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. EM Alexei.BELIK@nims.go.jp RI Belik, Alexei/H-2938-2011 OI Belik, Alexei/0000-0001-9031-2355 FU World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative, MEXT, Japan) FX This work was supported by World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI Initiative, MEXT, Japan). NR 34 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 10 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 181 IS 9 BP 2292 EP 2297 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.05.031 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 351HR UT WOS:000259415800026 ER PT J AU Ostrovsky, LA AF Ostrovsky, L. A. TI Radiation force in nonlinear, focused beams (L) SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID GENERATION; ABSORPTION; WAVES AB The effect of cumulative nonlinear distortions in a focused ultrasonic wave on the dissipative radiation force (RF) is analyzed using a simplified analytical model separating the stages of geometrical focusing and the subsequent diffraction in the focal area. It is shown that in the absence of shocks, nonlinear steepening can significantly amplify the RF as compared with a harmonic wave. Two different types of dissipation, one corresponding to a classical viscous fluid and another typical of many biological tissues, are considered. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. C1 Univ Colorado, Zel Technol NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80027 USA. RP Ostrovsky, LA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Zel Technol NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80027 USA. EM lev.a.ostrovsky@noaa.gov OI Ostrovsky, Lev/0000-0003-2233-1305 NR 11 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 124 IS 3 BP 1404 EP 1407 DI 10.1121/1.2956473 PN 1 PG 4 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 356PQ UT WOS:000259790500002 PM 19045631 ER PT J AU Corkrey, R Brooks, S Lusseau, D Parsons, K Durban, JW Hammond, PS Thompson, PM AF Corkrey, Ross Brooks, Steve Lusseau, David Parsons, Kim Durban, John W. Hammond, Philip S. Thompson, Paul M. TI A Bayesian Capture-Recapture Population Model With Simultaneous Estimation of Heterogeneity SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Logits; Photo-identification; Survival; Trends ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; CHAIN MONTE-CARLO; PHOTOGRAPHIC IDENTIFICATION; UNEQUAL CATCHABILITY; PROBABILITIES VARY; CLOSED POPULATION; MARK-RECAPTURE; SURVIVAL RATES; SIZE; TRENDS AB We develop a Bayesian capture-recapture model that provides estimates of abundance as well as time-varying and heterogeneous survival and capture probability distributions. The model uses a state-space approach by incorporating an underlying population model and an observation model, and here is applied to photo-identification data to estimate trends in the abundance and survival of a population of bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in northeast Scotland. Novel features fo the mdoel include simultaneous estimation of time-varying survival and capture probability distributions, estimation of heterogeneity effects for survival and capture, use of separate data to inflate the number of identified animals to the total abundance, and integration of spearate observations of the same animals from right and left side photographs. A Bayesian approach using Markov chain Monte CArlo methods allows for uncertainty in measurement and parameters, and simulations confirm the model's validity. C1 [Brooks, Steve] Ctr Math Sci, Stat Lab, Cambridge, England. [Durban, John W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Seattle, WA USA. [Hammond, Philip S.] Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Res Inst, Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews, Fife, Scotland. [Thompson, Paul M.] Univ Aberdeen, Sch Biol Sci, Cromarty, Ross, Scotland. RI Parsons, Kim/A-8050-2011; Lusseau, David/A-8501-2012; Corkrey, Ross/D-8999-2012; Thompson, Paul /B-6742-2009; OI Thompson, Paul /0000-0001-6195-3284; Lusseau, David/0000-0003-1245-3747 NR 56 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 21 PU AMER STATISTICAL ASSOC PI ALEXANDRIA PA 732 N WASHINGTON ST, ALEXANDRIA, VA 22314-1943 USA SN 0162-1459 EI 1537-274X J9 J AM STAT ASSOC JI J. Am. Stat. Assoc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 103 IS 483 BP 948 EP 960 DI 10.1198/016214507000001256 PG 13 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 362JJ UT WOS:000260193700005 ER PT J AU Choi, CY Cho, WJ Koo, SM Kim, S Li, QL Suehle, JS Richter, CA Vogel, EM AF Choi, Chang-Yong Cho, Won-Ju Koo, Sang-Mo Kim, Sangsig Li, Qiliang Suehle, John S. Richter, Curt A. Vogel, Eric M. TI Three-dimensional simulation study of the improved on/off current ratio in silicon nanowire field-effect transistors SO JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Conference on Advanced Materials CY DEC 12-14, 2007 CL Cheju, SOUTH KOREA DE nanowire; SiNWFET; simulation; on/off current ratio ID WORK FUNCTION; METAL-GATE AB In this paper, we report an approach based on three-dimensional numerical simulations for the investigation of the dependence of the on/off current ratio in silicon nanowire (SiNW) field-effect transistors (FETs) on the channel width. In order to investigate the transport behavior in devices with different channel geometries, we have performed detailed two-dimensional and three-dimensional simulations of SiNWFETs and control FETs with a fixed channel length L and thickness t but varying the channel width W from 5 nm and 5 mu m. By evaluating the charge distributions and the current flowlines of both the two- and three-dimensional structures, we have shown that the increase in the 'on stated conduction current in the SiNW channel is a dominant factor, which consequently results in more than a two order of magnitude improvement in the on/off current ratio. C1 [Choi, Chang-Yong; Cho, Won-Ju; Koo, Sang-Mo] Kwangwoon Univ, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Seoul 139701, South Korea. [Kim, Sangsig] Korea Univ, Dept Elect Engn, Seoul 139701, South Korea. [Kim, Sangsig] Korea Univ, Inst Nano Sci, Seoul 139701, South Korea. [Li, Qiliang] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Suehle, John S.; Richter, Curt A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vogel, Eric M.] Univ Texas Dallas, Dept Elect Engn, Richardson, TX 75083 USA. RP Choi, CY (reprint author), Kwangwoon Univ, Dept Elect Mat Engn, Seoul 139701, South Korea. EM smkoo@kw.ac.kr RI Vogel, Eric/A-7731-2008; Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Vogel, Eric/0000-0002-6110-1361; Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU KOREAN PHYSICAL SOC PI SEOUL PA 635-4, YUKSAM-DONG, KANGNAM-KU, SEOUL 135-703, SOUTH KOREA SN 0374-4884 J9 J KOREAN PHYS SOC JI J. Korean Phys. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 SI SI BP 1680 EP 1684 PN 1 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 348EW UT WOS:000259194800080 ER PT J AU Morete, ME Bisi, TL Pace, RM Rosso, S AF Morete, Maria E. Bisi, Tatiana L. Pace, Richard M., III Rosso, Sergio TI Fluctuating abundance of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in a calving ground off coastal Brazil SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE Abrolhos Bank; abundance; generalized linear model; humpback whale; land-based station; Megaptera novaeangliae ID MOVEMENTS; SEX AB The humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) population that uses Abrolhos Bank, off the east coast of Brazil as a breeding ground is increasing. To describe temporal changes in the relative abundance of humpback whales around Abrolhos, seven years (1998-2004) of whale count data were collected during July through to November. During one-hour-scans, observers determined group size within 9.3 km (5 n.m.) of a land-based observing station. A total Of 930 scans, comprising 7996 sightings of adults and 2044 calves were analysed using generalized linear models that included variables for time of day, day of the season, years and two-way interactions as possible predictors. The pattern observed was the gradual build-up and decline in whale counts within seasons. Patterns and peaks of adult and calf counts varied among years. Although fluctuation was observed, there was generally an increasing trend in adult counts among years. Calf counts increased only in 2004. These fluctuations may have been caused by some environmental conditions in humpback whales' summering grounds and also by changes in spatial-temporal concentrations in Abrolhos Bank. The general pattern observed within the study area mirrored what was observed in the whole Abrolhos Bank. Knowledge of the consistency with which humpback whales use this important nursing area should prove beneficial for designing future monitoring programmes especially related to whale watching activities around Abrolhos Archipelago. C1 [Morete, Maria E.; Bisi, Tatiana L.; Rosso, Sergio] Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Ecol, Inst Biociencias, BR-05508890 Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Pace, Richard M., III] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Morete, Maria E.; Bisi, Tatiana L.] Inst Baleia Jubarte, BR-45900000 Caravelas, BA, Brazil. RP Morete, ME (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Dept Ecol, Inst Biociencias, Rua Matao 321, BR-05508890 Sao Paulo, Brazil. EM miamorete@terra.com.br RI Rosso, Sergio/D-2469-2013; Bisi, Tatiana/B-1330-2014 OI Bisi, Tatiana/0000-0003-3480-6697 FU Instituto Baleia Jubarte; IFAW; Petrobras; Arim Componentes para Fogao Ltda.; Abrolhos Marine National Park/IBAMA FX Funding and support for this research was provided by the Instituto Baleia Jubarte, IFAW, Petrobras, Arim Componentes para Fogao Ltda. and Abrolhos Marine National Park/IBAMA. We thank the Brazilian Navy (Radio Farol de Abrolhos) for logistic support. We are indebted to the Instituto Baleia Jubarte interns, without whom data collection would not have been possible. Special thanks to Ms Cristiane Cavalcanti de Albuquerque Martins and Claudia Brigagdo Petta for their helpful assistance in the field as principal investigators, to Professor PhD Percio de Souza Santos Filho and Milton Marcondes for helpful comments on the manuscript. NR 31 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 88 IS 6 SI SI BP 1229 EP 1235 DI 10.1017/S0025315408000362 PG 7 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 353LF UT WOS:000259568300022 ER PT J AU Kim, SC Bundy, M AF Kim, S. C. Bundy, M. TI Numerical model of a large-scale oxygen consumption fire calorimeter SO JOURNAL OF THERMAL ANALYSIS AND CALORIMETRY LA English DT Article DE calorimeter; calorimeter design; CFD; fire; fire model; oxygen consumption ID RELEASE RATE; ROOM; FLOW AB The present study introduces a volumetric heat and mass source model to investigate the flow field inside the hood and duct system and optimize the sampling technique in a large scale fire calorimeter. The model was validated using experimenta measurements of the oxygen depiction factor, gas temperature and heat release rate. The calculated heat release rates determined using the CFD model were in good agreement with the experiments with the maximum discrepancy between the simulations and experiments being less than 5%. A series of CFD simulations were performed to examine the effects of sampling location, and the number of sampling points on the uncertainty of the heat release calculation. Detailed flow characteristics were analyzed to understand the complicated internal duct flow. C1 [Kim, S. C.] Kyungil Univ, Sch Fire & Disaster Prevent, Kyungbuk 712701, South Korea. [Bundy, M.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kim, SC (reprint author), Kyungil Univ, Sch Fire & Disaster Prevent, Kyungbuk 712701, South Korea. EM sungkim.phd@gmail.com FU Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) [KRF-2007-313-1300927] FX The authors are grateful to Anthony Hamins, Alexander Maranghides, Laurean DeLauter and Marco Fernandez for helpful discussions and technical Supports. Sting Chan Kim gratefully acknowledges support from a Korea Research Foundation Grant funded by the Korean Government (MOEHRD, Basic Research Promotion Fund) (KRF-2007-313-1300927). NR 13 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-6150 J9 J THERM ANAL CALORIM JI J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 93 IS 3 BP 1013 EP 1019 DI 10.1007/s10973-007-8696-1 PG 7 WC Thermodynamics; Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Physical SC Thermodynamics; Chemistry GA 349EJ UT WOS:000259263800057 ER PT J AU Berg, RF AF Berg, Robert F. TI Capillary flow meter for calibrating spinning rotor gauges SO JOURNAL OF VACUUM SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY A LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 54th AVS International Symposium and Exhibition CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Seattle, WA SP AVS ID GASES; STANDARDS AB This article describes a capillary flow meter whose maximum flow rate of 0.2 mu mol/s (similar to 0.2 cm(3)/min at ambient conditions) covers the range that is useful for calibrating spinning rotor gauges. Knowing the input pressure, output pressure, and temperature of the capillary yields the gas flow rate with a relative standard uncertainty as small as 0.04%. The flow meter, which requires no moving parts aside from valves, comprises a ballast tank, a coil of quartz capillary with an inner diameter of 0.1 mm, and a commercial instrumentation package. Measurements near 0.1 mu mol/s showed agreement with an independent primary flow meter to within 0.2%, comparable to the combined relative standard uncertainty of 0.11%. Additional measurements showed that operating the capillary flow meter with an exit pressure less than 1 kPa allowed the flow to stabilize within minutes. However, the small exit pressure caused an unexpected enhancement of the slip correction in the hydrodynamic model of the capillary. (c) 2008 American Vacuum Society. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Berg, RF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.berg@nist.gov NR 10 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU A V S AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0734-2101 J9 J VAC SCI TECHNOL A JI J. Vac. Sci. Technol. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 26 IS 5 BP 1161 EP 1165 DI 10.1116/1.2953715 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 349QM UT WOS:000259296000009 ER PT J AU Park, GH Lee, K Wanninkhof, R Zhang, JZ Hansell, DA Feely, RA AF Park, Geun-Ha Lee, Kitack Wanninkhof, Rik Zhang, Jia-Zhong Hansell, Dennis A. Feely, Richard A. TI Large, non-Redfieldian drawdown of nutrients and carbon in the extratropical North Atlantic Ocean (46 degrees N): Evidence for dinitrogen fixation? SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID NITROGEN-FIXATION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; NITRATE; WATER; TRICHODESMIUM; FLUXES; CYCLE; EDDY; N-2 AB Considerable drawdown of total dissolved inorganic carbon (C-T) and oversaturation of oxygen (O-2) within a cold (similar to 15 degrees C) oligotrophic eddy in the extratropical North Atlantic Ocean (46 degrees N, 20.5 degrees W) indicate that, despite the absence of nitrate (NO3-), the eddy was highly productive. Estimates of net community production using the mass balances of C-T and O-2 were two to five times greater than those obtained using the mass balance of NO3-. The remineralization rates obtained using the integrated rates of C-T and NO3- accumulation and O-2 utilization for the upper thermocline waters (35-300-m depth) were in agreement with C-T- and O-2-based net community production over the same period; however, all the estimates exceeded the NO3--based net community production by a factor of two to five, pointing to a considerable accumulation of NO3- in the upper thermocline in excess of changes in the mixed-layer NO3- inventory. The amount of this excess NO3- suggests that a considerable fraction of the net community production was not supported by the mixed-layer NO3- inventory and that an external source of NO3- must be present. Of the various mechanisms that might explain the inequity between NO3- drawdown in the surface layer and NO3- accumulation in the upper thermocline, N-2 fixation is the most viable yet surprising mechanism for producing such excess NO3- in this oligotrophic eddy. A significant fraction of net community production in oligotrophic extratropical waters waters could be supported by processes that are not fully explored or to date have been considered to be insignificant. C1 [Park, Geun-Ha; Lee, Kitack] Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. [Wanninkhof, Rik; Zhang, Jia-Zhong] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hansell, Dennis A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Feely, Richard A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Lee, K (reprint author), Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Sch Environm Sci & Engn, Pohang 790784, South Korea. EM ktl@postech.ac.kr RI Park, Geun-Ha/A-5705-2011; Zhang, Jia-Zhong/B-7708-2008; Lee, Kitack/G-7184-2015 OI Zhang, Jia-Zhong/0000-0002-1138-2556; FU Korean Science and Engineering Foundation; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Research Center at Pohang University of Science and Technology; NOAA; U. S. National Science Foundation FX The preparation of the manuscript was financially supported by the National Research Laboratory (NRL) of the Korean Science and Engineering Foundation and by the Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Research Center at Pohang University of Science and Technology (K. L. and G.-H. P). The GasEx-98 study was organized by the Global Carbon Cycle Program of the NOAA office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (R. W., J.-Z. Z., and R. A. F.) with contributions from the U. S. National Science Foundation (D. A. H.). NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1697 EP 1704 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.5.1697 PG 8 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 350MG UT WOS:000259356000001 ER PT J AU Moore, SK Mantua, NJ Kellogg, JP Newton, JA AF Moore, Stephanie K. Mantua, Nathan J. Kellogg, Jonathan P. Newton, Jan A. TI Local and large-scale climate forcing of Puget Sound oceanographic properties on seasonal to interdecadal timescales SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID PACIFIC DECADAL OSCILLATION; NINO SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EL-NINO; NORTH PACIFIC; INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; AMERICA; DYNAMICS; ENSO AB The influence of climate on Puget Sound oceanographic properties is investigated on seasonal to interannual timescales using continuous profile data at 16 stations from 1993 to 2002 and records of sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) from 1951 to 2002. Principal components analyses of profile data identify indices representing 42%, 58%, and 56% of the total variability at depth-station combinations for temperature, salinity, and density, respectively, and 22% for water column stratification. Variability in the leading pattern of Puget Sound water temperature and salinity profiles is well correlated with local surface air temperatures and freshwater inflows to Puget Sound from major river basins, respectively. SST and SSS anomalies are informative proxies for the leading patterns of variations in Puget Sound temperature and salinity profiles. Using this longer time history of observations, we find that SST and SSS anomalies also have significant correlations with Aleutian Low, El Nino-Southern Oscillation, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation variations in winter that can persist for up to three seasons or reemerge the following year. However, correlations with large-scale climate variations are weaker compared to those with local environmental forcing parameters. C1 [Moore, Stephanie K.; Kellogg, Jonathan P.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Climate Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Newton, Jan A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Moore, SK (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM stephanie.moore@UNSWalumni.com FU Washington State Department of Ecology; West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health; National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative; West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health Publication; National Marine Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington; NOAA Climate Program Office; Center for Science in the Earth System; NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1232]; tudy of the Atmosphere and Ocean Contribution [1383] FX Marine Waters Monitoring Program data are provided courtesy of the Washington State Department of Ecology. We thank Mitsuhiro Kawase and Mark Warner for contributing to earlier investigations leading up to this study. Thanks also to Vera Trainer and Barbara Hickey for their constructive comments. This publication was supported by the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health as part of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Oceans and Human Health Initiative, West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health Publication 13. The WCCOHH is part of the National Marine Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, Washington. This work was also supported by a grant from the NOAA Climate Program Office to the Center for Science in the Earth System through the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232. This is Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean Contribution 1383. NR 36 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 18 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 1746 EP 1758 DI 10.4319/lo.2008.53.5.1746 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 350MG UT WOS:000259356000005 ER PT J AU Rao, YR Hawley, N Charlton, MN Schertzer, WM AF Rao, Yerubandi R. Hawley, Nathan Charlton, Murray N. Schertzer, William M. TI Physical processes and hypoxia in the central basin of Lake Erie SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT OXYGEN-DEMAND; SUMMER STRATIFICATION; ONTARIO; CURRENTS; MODEL; DEPLETION; DYNAMICS; WIND AB The circulation and exchange processes during summer stratification were examined using time-series data of horizontal velocity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen profiles during 2004 and 2005 in the mid- central basin of Lake Erie. The current and temperature spectra showed a prominent peak at around 18 h, indicating the presence of clockwise rotating inertial waves. The mean bottom currents were strong (>0.1 m s(-1)) and flowed in opposite direction to winds because of the surface pressure gradient due to wind set- up. The general range of horizontal exchange coefficients in the central basin is 0.2 - 1.2 m(2) s(-1). Vertical exchange coefficients varied from 1 3 1025 to 1 x 10(-4) m(2) s(-1). The high values usually occurred in the surface layer because of surface winds. The source of turbulent energy is current shear due to near-inertial oscillations in and above the thermocline and shearing stress due to the effect of mean currents and wave-induced motions during energetic wind events at the lake bottom. During strong wind episodes significant wave-induced currents were observed close to the bottom. The short-term oxygen depletion rates varied considerably between + 0.87 mg L-1 d(-1) and -1.16 mg L-1 d(-1) in 2004 mainly because of physical processes in the central basin. When the hypolimnion depth is sufficiently thick (4 m), short-term changes in dissolved oxygen concentrations were partly due to vertical mixing and partly due to horizontal transport and mixing. C1 [Rao, Yerubandi R.; Charlton, Murray N.; Schertzer, William M.] Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. [Hawley, Nathan] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Rao, YR (reprint author), Environm Canada, Canada Ctr Inland Waters, Natl Water Res Inst, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6, Canada. EM Ram.Yerubandi@ec.gc.ca FU National Water Research Institut; Great Lake Environmental Research Laboratory's Engineering FX National Water Research Institute and Great Lake Environmental Research Laboratory's Engineering services and Technical Operations supported us in deploying and retrieving the moorings. We thank R. Rowsel and J. Milne, NWRI, for processing the data. The comments of two anonymous reviewers and C. Rehmann improved the quality of the manuscript. This is GLERL contribution # 1454. NR 37 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 2 U2 33 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 0024-3590 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR JI Limnol. Oceanogr. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 53 IS 5 BP 2007 EP 2020 PG 14 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 350MG UT WOS:000259356000027 ER PT J AU Friedman, MA Fleming, LE Fernandez, M Bienfang, P Schrank, K Dickey, R Bottein, MY Backer, L Ayyar, R Weisman, R Watkins, S Granade, R Reich, A AF Friedman, Melissa A. Fleming, Lora E. Fernandez, Mercedes Bienfang, Paul Schrank, Kathleen Dickey, Robert Bottein, Marie-Yasmine Backer, Lorraine Ayyar, Ram Weisman, Richard Watkins, Sharon Granade, Ray Reich, Andrew TI Ciguatera fish poisoning: Treatment, prevention and management SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Review DE ciguatera fish poisoning; ciguatoxin; harmful algal bloom (HAB); treatment human health; marine toxins ID COMMON-SOURCE OUTBREAK; STATES VIRGIN-ISLANDS; INDIAN-OCEAN; SYMPTOMATIC IMPROVEMENT; CARIBBEAN CIGUATOXINS; PACIFIC CIGUATOXIN-1; CLINICAL-FEATURES; BREVETOXINS; TOXINS; DISEASE AB Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is the most frequently reported seafood-toxin illness in the world, and it causes substantial physical and functional impact. It produces a myriad of gastrointestinal, neurologic and/or cardiovascular symptoms which last days to weeks, or even months. Although there are reports of symptom amelioration with some interventions ( e. g. IV mannitol), the appropriate treatment for CFP remains unclear to many physicians. We review the literature on the treatments for CFP, including randomized controlled studies and anecdotal reports. The article is intended to clarify treatment options, and provide information about management and prevention of CFP, for emergency room physicians, poison control information providers, other health care providers, and patients. C1 [Friedman, Melissa A.] Mt Sinai Med Ctr, Miami Beach, FL 33140 USA. [Friedman, Melissa A.; Fleming, Lora E.] NIEHS, NSF, Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Fernandez, Mercedes] Carlos Albizu Univ, Miami, FL 33172 USA. [Bienfang, Paul] Univ Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Schrank, Kathleen] Univ Miami, Dept Med, Jackson Mem Med Ctr, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Dickey, Robert; Granade, Ray] US FDA, Div Seafood Sci & Technol, Ctr Food Safety & Nutr, Dauphin Isl, AL 36528 USA. [Bottein, Marie-Yasmine] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Backer, Lorraine] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Ayyar, Ram] Univ Miami, Dept Neurol, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Weisman, Richard] Florida Poison Informat Ctr, Miami, FL 33136 USA. [Watkins, Sharon; Reich, Andrew] Florida Dept Hlth, Div Environm Hlth, Aquat Toxins Program, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. RP Friedman, MA (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, NSF, NIEHS,Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway,E Grosvenor Bldg,E211, Key Biscayne, FL 33149 USA. EM melissafried@yahoo.com FU National Science Foundation (NSF) [NSF 0CE0432368]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [NIEHS P50 ES12736]; Florida Dept of Health Aquatic Toxins Program; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) FX This publication was made possible through the National Science Foundation (NSF) National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Center for Oceans and Human Health (COHH) program at the University of Miami (NSF 0CE0432368; NIEHS P50 ES12736), as well as with funding from the Florida Dept of Health Aquatic Toxins Program and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NR 106 TC 86 Z9 91 U1 6 U2 35 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INT PI BASEL PA MATTHAEUSSTRASSE 11, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD SEP PY 2008 VL 6 IS 3 BP 456 EP 479 DI 10.3390/md20080022 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 354RO UT WOS:000259656900004 PM 19005579 ER PT J AU Borja, A Bricker, SB Dauer, DM Demetriades, NT Ferreira, JG Forbes, AT Hutchings, P Jia, XP Kenchington, R Marques, JC Zhu, CB AF Borja, Angel Bricker, Suzanne B. Dauer, Daniel M. Demetriades, Nicolette T. Ferreira, Joao G. Forbes, Anthony T. Hutchings, Pat Jia, Xiaoping Kenchington, Richard Marques, Joao Carlos Zhu, Changbo TI Overview of integrative tools and methods in assessing ecological integrity in estuarine and coastal systems worldwide SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Review DE ecological integrity; integrative assessment; ecological status; environmental quality; marine parks ID ECOSYSTEM-BASED MANAGEMENT; SOUTH-AFRICAN ESTUARIES; COUNTRY NORTHERN SPAIN; REGIONAL MARINE PLAN; OF-MEXICO ESTUARIES; ENVIRONMENTAL-CONDITION; MHLANGA ESTUARY; ZONE MANAGEMENT; BENTHIC INDEX; EUTROPHICATION ASSESSMENT AB In recent years, several sets of legislation worldwide (Oceans Act in USA, Australia or Canada; Water Framework Directive or Marine Strategy in Europe, National Water Act in South Africa, etc.) have been developed in order to address ecological quality or integrity, within estuarine and coastal systems. Most such legislation seeks to define quality in an integrative way, by using several biological elements, together with physico-chemical and pollution elements. Such an approach allows assessment of ecological status at the ecosystem level ('ecosystem approach' or 'holistic approach' methodologies), rather than at species level (e.g. mussel biomonitoring or Mussel Watch) or just at chemical level (i.e. quality objectives) alone. Increasing attention has been paid to the development of tools for different physico-chemical or biological (phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos, algae, phanerogams, fishes) elements of the ecosystems. However, few methodologies integrate all the elements into a single evaluation of a water body. The need for such integrative tools to assess ecosystem quality is very important, both from a scientific and stakeholder point of view. Politicians and managers need information from simple and pragmatic, but scientifically sound methodologies, in order to show to society the evolution of a zone (estuary, coastal area, etc.), taking into account human pressures or recovery processes. These approaches include: (i) multidisciplinarity, inherent in the teams involved in their implementation; (ii) integration of biotic and abiotic factors; (iii) accurate and validated methods in determining ecological integrity; and (iv) adequate indicators to follow the evolution of the monitored ecosystems. While some countries increasingly use the establishment of marine parks to conserve marine biodiversity and ecological integrity, there is awareness (e.g. in Australia) that conservation and management of marine ecosystems cannot be restricted to Marine Protected Areas but must include areas outside such reserves. This contribution reviews the current situation of integrative ecological assessment worldwide, by presenting several examples from each of the continents: Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe and North America. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Borja, Angel] AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Pasaia 20110, Spain. [Bricker, Suzanne B.] Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Dauer, Daniel M.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Demetriades, Nicolette T.; Forbes, Anthony T.] Marine & Estuarine Res, ZA-4053 Hyper By The Sea, South Africa. [Ferreira, Joao G.] Univ Nova Lisboa, FCT,Ctr Ocean & Environm, IMAR Inst Marine Res, Caparica, Portugal. [Hutchings, Pat] Australian Museum, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia. [Kenchington, Richard] Univ Wollongong, Australian Natl Ctr Ocean Resources & Secur, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia. [Marques, Joao Carlos] Univ Coimbra, IMAR Inst Marine Res, P-3000 Coimbra, Portugal. RP Borja, A (reprint author), AZTI Tecnalia, Div Marine Res, Portualdea S-N, Pasaia 20110, Spain. EM aborja@pas.azti.es; suzanne.bricker@noaa.gov; ddauer@odu.edu; ticky@mer.co.za; joao@hoomi.com; Pat.Hutchings@austmus.gov.au; jiaxiaoping53@163.com; richard.kenchington@netspeed.com.au; jcmimar@ci.uc.pt; changbo@ecowin.org RI Borja, Angel/C-5836-2008; MARQUES, JOAO CARLOS/L-9478-2014 OI Borja, Angel/0000-0003-1601-2025; Ferreira, Joao/0000-0001-9614-142X; MARQUES, JOAO CARLOS/0000-0001-8865-8189 NR 147 TC 206 Z9 222 U1 23 U2 237 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1519 EP 1537 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.07.005 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 356HA UT WOS:000259768100014 PM 18715596 ER PT J AU Flemming, AT Weinstein, JE Lewitus, AJ AF Flemming, Alan T. Weinstein, John E. Lewitus, Alan J. TI Survey of PAH in low density residential stormwater ponds in coastal South Carolina: False dark mussels (Mytilopsis leucophaeata) as potential biomonitors SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE mussels; Mytilopsis leucophaeata; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; stormwater runoff; detention pond; South Carolina ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; DREISSENA-POLYMORPHA; MARINE-SEDIMENTS; DETENTION POND; ZEBRA MUSSEL; URBAN; WATER; RUNOFF; DISTRIBUTIONS; CONTAMINANTS AB The distribution of PAHs was studied in sediment and false dark mussels, Mytilopsis leucophaeata, of three brackish stormwater retention ponds on Kiawah Island, a gated residential community and golf resort. Impervious surface in pond watersheds ranged from 5 to 30%. Sediment concentrations were lower than those found in other studies of suburban residential areas, and there were no significant differences among ponds or seasons. Mean Sigma PAH(16) values for sediments in Ponds 67, 100, and 37 were 184.7 +/- 101.3 ng g(-1), 67.5 +/- 26.0 ng g(-1), and 84.3 +/- 75.5 ng g(-1), respectively. Mussel Sigma PAH(16) concentrations from Pond 67 in August (mean 734.5 +/- 148.1 ng g(-1)), and from Pond 37 in December (mean 1115.1 +/- 87.7 ng g(-1)), were significantly higher than other ponds. Mean Sigma PAH(16) values for mussels in Ponds 67, 100, and, 37 were 555.9 +/- 219.7 ng g(-1), 312.5 +/- 99.1 ng g(-1) and 737.8 +/- 419.8 ng g(-1), respectively. The mean biota-to-sediment ratio was 7.6 +/- 8.1. Isomer ratios generally suggested pyrogenic sources. False dark mussels are a promising indicator species for PAH contamination because they are abundant, easy to sample, bioaccumulate PAH profiles representative of the time-integrated sediment profiles, and their PAH levels are less variable than either stormwater or sediment samples. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Weinstein, John E.] Citadel, Dept Biol, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. [Flemming, Alan T.] Coll Charleston, Masters Sci Environm Studies Program, Charleston, SC 29424 USA. [Lewitus, Alan J.] NOAA Ctr Sponsored Coastal Ocean Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Weinstein, JE (reprint author), Citadel, Dept Biol, 171 Moultrie St, Charleston, SC 29409 USA. EM john.weinstein@citadel.edu FU South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium [V473]; South Carolina Department of Natural Resources; The Citadel Foundation FX Funding for this work was provided by a grant from South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium (grant number V473), the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources, and a faculty research grant from The Citadel Foundation. This is contribution number 1482 from the Baruch Institute, and 637 from the SCDNR Marine Resources Research Institute. The authors would also like to thank Sadie Drescher, Larissa Brock and Norm Shea for their assistance.; This study was conducted in accordance with national and institutional guidelines for the protection of human subjects and animal welfare. Only invertebrates were used as experimental animals. NR 51 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 2 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 56 IS 9 BP 1598 EP 1608 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.05.018 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 356HA UT WOS:000259768100021 PM 18620711 ER PT J AU Ruberg, SA Guasp, E Hawley, N Muzzi, RW Brandt, SB Vanderploeg, HA Lane, JC Miller, T Constant, SA AF Ruberg, Steven A. Guasp, Edwin Hawley, Nathan Muzzi, Ronald W. Brandt, Stephen B. Vanderploeg, Henry A. Lane, John C. Miller, Terry Constant, Stephen A. TI Societal Benefits of the Real-Time Coastal Observation Network (ReCON): Implications for Municipal Drinking Water Quality SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES AB Environmental conditions on Lake Erie in summer 2006 produced hypoxic waters (1.2 mg/l dissolved oxygen), with characteristic low pH (7.2), low temperature (18 degrees C) and high manganese levels, negatively impacting water processing at the Cleveland Water Department. A ReCON system deployed in 2005 recorded the onset of similar conditions and is used to explain the episodic nature of the event. Internal waves initiated by winds can propagate around the central basin of Lake Erie for several days explaining the cyclical nature of the event. Future deployments of a ReCON buoy system in Lake Erie's central basin will provide real-time observations of temperature and dissolved oxygen to water department managers. The buoy will function as an early warning system for the detection of low oxygen and the onset of internal waves responsible for delivering hypoxic waters to water intakes, thus ensuring the quality of drinking water for approximately 1,5 million residents of Cleveland, OR C1 [Ruberg, Steven A.; Hawley, Nathan; Muzzi, Ronald W.; Brandt, Stephen B.; Vanderploeg, Henry A.; Lane, John C.; Miller, Terry] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. [Guasp, Edwin] Cleveland Water Dept, Cleveland, OH USA. [Constant, Stephen A.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ruberg, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Washington, DC 20230 USA. OI Ruberg, Steven/0000-0001-8809-5689 FU NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory; High Performance Computing program; Integrated Ocean Observing Systems project FX The authors would like to thank the crew of the R/V Laurentian for their valuable contribution to the success of this research project. The work described here was funded by NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, the High Performance Computing program, and the Integrated Ocean Observing Systems project. This is Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, contribution number 1483. NR 11 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 1 U2 8 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD FAL PY 2008 VL 42 IS 3 BP 103 EP 109 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 375NB UT WOS:000261119500015 ER PT J AU Banovic, SW Iadicola, MA Foecke, T AF Banovic, S. W. Iadicola, M. A. Foecke, T. TI Textural development of AA 5754 sheet deformed under in-plane biaxial tension SO METALLURGICAL AND MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS A-PHYSICAL METALLURGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID METALS; CURVES; FLOW AB Crystallographic texture evolution was quantified as a function of biaxial strain level and strain path for AA5754-O sheet metal in an effort to provide a physical description of grain rotation resulting from in-plane stretching. Samples were incrementally deformed to near-failure in three strain states (equibiaxial, plane strain, and uniaxial modes) with the rolling direction (RD) and transverse direction (TD) of the sheet parallel to the major stress axis for the latter two cases. The macrotextures were measured using X-ray diffraction techniques. Results showed that for a given strain path similar deformation textures developed in the two material sets (RD- and TD-oriented samples), though the evolution of the deformed texture was not homogeneous over the entire strain range. These variations in orientation intensities were related to the feeder components found in the initial texture and the availability of these components to rotate toward the more stable orientations under the particular mode of deformation. The nonuniform texture development of the sheet along different directions appears to contribute to the anisotropic mechanical response of the sheet during stretching as measured in the evolving multiaxial flow surfaces. C1 [Banovic, S. W.; Iadicola, M. A.; Foecke, T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Commerce, Technol Adm, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Banovic, SW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Dept Commerce, Technol Adm, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM swbanovic@nist.gov NR 22 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1073-5623 J9 METALL MATER TRANS A JI Metall. Mater. Trans. A-Phys. Metall. Mater. Sci. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 39A IS 9 BP 2246 EP 2258 DI 10.1007/s11661-008-9547-9 PG 13 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 330OG UT WOS:000257952100023 ER PT J AU Coffman, VR Sethna, JP Heber, G Liu, M Ingraffea, A Bailey, NP Barker, EI AF Coffman, V. R. Sethna, J. P. Heber, G. Liu, M. Ingraffea, A. Bailey, N. P. Barker, E. I. TI A comparison of finite element and atomistic modelling of fracture SO MODELLING AND SIMULATION IN MATERIALS SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING LA English DT Article ID TILT GRAIN-BOUNDARIES; COMPUTER-SIMULATION; CRACK-GROWTH; CONTINUUM; SOLIDS; AL AB Are the cohesive laws of interfaces sufficient for modelling fracture in polycrystals using the cohesive zone model? We examine this question by comparing a fully atomistic simulation of a silicon polycrystal with a finite element simulation with a similar overall geometry. The cohesive laws used in the finite element simulation are measured atomistically. We describe in detail how to convert the output of atomistic grain boundary fracture simulations into the piecewise linear form needed by a cohesive zone model. We discuss the effects of grain boundary microparameters (the choice of section of the interface, the translations of the grains relative to one another and the cutting plane of each lattice orientation) on the cohesive laws and polycrystal fracture. We find that the atomistic simulations fracture at lower levels of external stress, indicating that the initiation of fracture in the atomistic simulations is likely dominated by irregular atomic structures at external faces, internal edges, corners and junctions of grains. Thus, the cohesive properties of interfaces alone are not likely to be sufficient for modelling the fracture of polycrystals using continuum methods. C1 [Coffman, V. R.; Sethna, J. P.] Cornell Univ, Atom & Solid State Phys Lab, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Heber, G.; Liu, M.; Ingraffea, A.] Cornell Univ, Cornell Fracture Grp, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Bailey, N. P.] Roskilde Univ Ctr, DNRF Ctr Glass & Time, Dept Math & Phys, IMFUFA, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Barker, E. I.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Coffman, VR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM valerie.coffman@nist.gov RI Coffman, Valerie/B-6494-2009 NR 25 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 7 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0965-0393 J9 MODEL SIMUL MATER SC JI Model. Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 16 IS 6 AR 065008 DI 10.1088/0965-0393/16/6/065008 PG 15 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA 336SV UT WOS:000258385800008 ER PT J AU Shay, LK Uhlhorn, EW AF Shay, Lynn K. Uhlhorn, Eric W. TI Loop current response to Hurricanes Isidore and Lili SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID UPPER-OCEAN RESPONSE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; MIXED-LAYER RESPONSE; TROPICAL CYCLONES; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; INTERNAL WAVES; OPAL 1995; INTENSITY; MODEL; EDDY AB Recent hurricane activity over the Gulf of Mexico basin has underscored the importance of the Loop Current (LC) and its deep, warm thermal structure on hurricane intensity. During Hurricanes Isidore and Lili in 2002, research flights were conducted from both National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) WP- 3D aircraft to observe pre-, in- and poststorm ocean conditions using airborne expendable ocean profilers to measure temperature, salinity, and current structure. Atmospheric thermodynamic and wind profiles and remotely sensed surface winds were concurrently acquired as each storm moved over the LC. Observed upper- ocean cooling was about 1 degrees C as Isidore moved across the Yucatan Straits at a speed of 4 ms(-1). Given prestorm ocean heat content (OHC) levels exceeding 100 kJ cm(-2) in the LC (current velocities > 1 m s(-1)), significant cooling and deepening of the ocean mixed layer (OML) did not occur in the straits. Estimated surface enthalpy flux at Isidore's eyewall was 1.8 kW m(-2), where the maximum observed wind was 49 m s(-1). Spatially integrating these surface enthalpy fluxes suggested a maximum surface heat loss of 9.5 kJ cm(-2) at the eyewall. Over the Yucatan Shelf, observed ocean cooling of 4.5 C was caused by upwelling processes induced by wind stress and an offshore wind-driven transport. During Hurricane Lili, ocean cooling in the LC was similar to 1 degrees C but more than 2 C in the Gulf Common Water, where the maximum estimated surface enthalpy flux was 1.4 kW m(-2), associated with peak surface winds of 51 m s(-1). Because of Lili's asymmetric structure and rapid translational speed of 7 m s(-1), the maximum surface heat loss resulting from the surface enthalpy flux was less than 5 kJ cm(-2). In both hurricanes, the weak ocean thermal response in the LC was primarily due to the lack of energetic near- inertial current shears that develop across the thin OML observed in quiescent regimes. Bulk Richardson numbers remained well above criticality because of the strength of the upper- ocean horizontal pressure gradient that forces northward current and thermal advection of warm water distributed over deep layers. As these oceanic regimes are resistive to shear- induced mixing, hurricanes experience a more sustained surface enthalpy flux compared to storms moving over shallow quiescent mixed layers. Because ocean cooling levels induced by hurricane force winds depend on the underlying oceanic regimes, features must be accurately initialized in coupled forecast models. C1 [Shay, Lynn K.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Uhlhorn, Eric W.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Shay, LK (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM nshay@rsmas.miami.edu RI Uhlhorn, Eric/B-1336-2014 OI Uhlhorn, Eric/0000-0002-4759-5342 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-01-08218, ATM 04-44525]; NOAA; ONR-CBLAST FX LKS acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation for both the experiment and data analysis through Grants ATM-01-08218 and ATM 04-44525; flight hours were provided by NOAA's Hurricane Research Division (HRD) and the National Hurricane Center. E. Uhlhorn was supported by both NOAA and ONR-CBLAST under the leadership of Dr. Peter Black. We gratefully acknowledge Dr. Jim McFadden of the Office of Aircraft Operations (OAO) and Drs. Hugh Willoughby and Frank Marks (NOAA HRD) in orchestrating these aircraft experiments. Dr. Paul Chang of NOAA/NESDIS directed the Ocean Winds flights on N42RF and provided support for both the Isidore and Lili flights. Mr. Michael Black (HRD field director) directed all field support for these flights. We appreciate the extraordinary efforts of the OAO pilots, engineers, and technicians during these experimental efforts. Tom Cook and Scott Guhin assisted in the aircraft-based experiments, and Jodi Brewster provided graphical support. Reviews from three anonymous reviewers significantly improved the manuscript. NR 64 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 EI 1520-0493 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 136 IS 9 BP 3248 EP 3274 DI 10.1175/2007MWR2169.1 PG 27 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349QF UT WOS:000259295200003 ER PT J AU Markowski, P Rasmussen, E Straka, J Davies-Jones, R Richardson, Y Trapp, RJ AF Markowski, Paul Rasmussen, Erik Straka, Jerry Davies-Jones, Robert Richardson, Yvette Trapp, Robert J. TI Vortex lines within low-level mesocyclones obtained from pseudo-dual-doppler radar observations SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID REAR-FLANK DOWNDRAFTS; SUPERCELL THUNDERSTORM; PART I; CYCLIC MESOCYCLOGENESIS; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; MESOSCALE VORTICES; OBJECTIVE ANALYSIS; ANALYSIS SCHEME; GARDEN-CITY; TORNADOGENESIS AB Vortex lines passing through the low-level mesocyclone regions of six supercell thunderstorms (three nontornadic, three tornadic) are computed from pseudo-dual-Doppler airborne radar observations obtained during the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX). In every case, at least some of the vortex lines emanating from the low-level mesocyclones form arches, that is, they extend vertically from the cyclonic vorticity maximum, then turn horizontally (usually toward the south or southwest) and descend into a broad region of anticyclonic vertical vorticity. This region of anticyclonic vorticity is the same one that has been observed almost invariably to accompany the cyclonic vorticity maximum associated with the low-level mesocyclone; the vorticity couplet straddles the hook echo of the supercell thunderstorm. The arching of the vortex lines and the orientation of the vorticity vector along the vortex line arches, compared to the orientation of the ambient (barotropic) vorticity, are strongly suggestive of baroclinic vorticity generation within the hook echo and associated rear-flank downdraft region of the supercells, and subsequent lifting of the baroclinically altered/generated vortex lines by an updraft. Discussion on the generality of these findings, possible implications for tornadogenesis, and the similarity of the observed vortex lines to vortex lines in larger-scale convective systems are included as well. C1 [Markowski, Paul; Richardson, Yvette] Penn State Univ, Dept Meteorol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Rasmussen, Erik] Rasmussen Syst, Mesa, CO USA. [Straka, Jerry] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Davies-Jones, Robert] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Trapp, Robert J.] Purdue Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Markowski, P (reprint author), 503 Walker Bldg, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM pmarkowski@psu.edu RI Richardson, Yvette/G-5016-2013; OI Richardson, Yvette/0000-0002-4495-5074; Markowski, Paul/0000-0002-4295-3390 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-9617318, ATM-0003689, ATM-0338661, ATM-0340693, ATM-0437512, ATM-0644533] FX We are grateful to Drs. David Dowell, Hanne Murphey, and Roger Wakimoto for providing edited ELDORA data for the 12 May 1995, 16 May 1995, 31 May 1995, and 8 June 1995 cases. We thank the three anonymous reviewers for their suggestions for improving the paper. Support from the National Science Foundation (Grants ATM-9617318, ATM-0003689, ATM-0338661, ATM-0340693, ATM-0437512, and ATM-0644533) also is acknowledged. NR 67 TC 47 Z9 48 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 136 IS 9 BP 3513 EP 3535 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2315.1 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349QF UT WOS:000259295200019 ER PT J AU Lewis, J Lakshmivarahan, S AF Lewis, John Lakshmivarahan, S. TI Sasaki's pivotal contribution: Calculus of variations applied to weather map analysis SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID STATISTICAL-INTERPOLATION; METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS; DATA ASSIMILATION; PREDICTION; CENTERS; SCHEME AB Yoshikazu Sasaki developed a variational method of data assimilation, a cornerstone of modern-day analysis and prediction in meteorology. Fundamentally, he formulated data assimilation as a constrained minimization problem with equality constraints. The generation of this idea is tracked by analyzing his education and research at the University of Tokyo in the immediate post-World WarII (WWII) period. Despite austere circumstances-including limited financial support for education, poor living conditions, and a lack of educational resources-Sasaki was highly motivated and overcame these obstacles on his path to developing this innovative method of weather map analysis. The stages of his intellectual development are followed where information comes from access to his early publications, oral histories, and letters of reminiscence. It has been argued that Sasaki's unique contribution to meteorological data assimilation stems from his deterministic view of the problem-a view founded on the principles of variational mechanics. Sasaki's approach to the problem is compared and contrasted with the stochastic view that was pioneered by Arnt Eliassen. Both of these optimal approaches are viewed in the context of the pragmatic-operational objective analysis schemes that were developed in the 1950s-1960s. Finally, current-day methods [ e. g., three-and four-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR and 4DVAR)] are linked to the optimal methods of Eliassen and Sasaki. C1 [Lewis, John] Desert Res Inst, Reno, NV 89512 USA. [Lewis, John] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Lakshmivarahan, S.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Comp Sci, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Lewis, J (reprint author), Desert Res Inst, 2215 Raggio Pkwy, Reno, NV 89512 USA. EM jlewis@dri.edu NR 74 TC 3 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 136 IS 9 BP 3553 EP 3567 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2400.1 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 349QF UT WOS:000259295200021 ER PT J AU Hanssen, JL Hill, SB Orloff, J McClelland, JJ AF Hanssen, James L. Hill, Shannon B. Orloff, Jon McClelland, Jabez J. TI Magneto-optical-trap-based, high brightness ion source for use as a nanoscale probe SO NANO LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BEAMS; SIZE AB We report on the demonstration of a low emittance, high brightness ion source based on magneto-optically trapped neutral atoms. Our source has ion optical properties comparable to or better than those of the commonly used liquid metal ion source. In addition, it has several advantages that offer new possibilities, including high resolution ion microscopy with ion species tailored for specific applications, contamination-free ion milling, and nanoscale implantation of a variety of elements, either in large quantities, or one at a time, deterministically. Using laser-cooled Cr atoms, we create an ion beam with a normalized rms (root-mean-square) emittance of 6.0 x 10(-7) mm mrad root MeV and approximately 0.25 pA of current, yielding a brightness as high as 2.25 A cm(-2) sr(-1) eV(-1). These values of emittance and brightness show that, with suitable ion optics, an ion beam with a useful amount of current can be produced and focused to spot sizes of less than 1 nm. C1 [Hanssen, James L.; Hill, Shannon B.; Orloff, Jon; McClelland, Jabez J.] NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hanssen, James L.] Univ Maryland, Maryland NanoCtr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Orloff, Jon] FEI Co, Hillsboro, OR 97124 USA. RP McClelland, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jabez.mcclelland@nist.gov RI McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 NR 25 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1530-6984 J9 NANO LETT JI Nano Lett. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 8 IS 9 BP 2844 EP 2850 DI 10.1021/nl801472n PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 347KQ UT WOS:000259140200042 PM 18715041 ER PT J AU Baker, DJ Wilson, WS AF Baker, D. James Wilson, W. Stanley TI The Oceanography Society Its Importance Then and Now SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 [Baker, D. James] William J Clinton Fdn, Global Carbon Measurement Program, Philadelphia, PA USA. [Wilson, W. Stanley] NOAA, Satellite & Informat Serv, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Baker, DJ (reprint author), William J Clinton Fdn, Global Carbon Measurement Program, Philadelphia, PA USA. EM djomesbaker@comcast.net; Stan.Wilson@noaa.gov NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3 BP 22 EP 25 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 382XL UT WOS:000261638600008 ER PT J AU Colton, MC AF Colton, Marie C. TI Perspectives on Contributions of Women to the Culture of Oceanography SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article C1 Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Colton, MC (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. EM Marie.Colton@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD SEP PY 2008 VL 21 IS 3 BP 42 EP 43 PG 2 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 382XL UT WOS:000261638600013 ER PT J AU Kiffney, PM AF Kiffney, Peter M. TI Response of lotic producer and consumer trophic levels to gradients of resource supply and predation pressure SO OIKOS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHWESTERN BRITISH-COLUMBIA; ROCKY INTERTIDAL COMMUNITY; TOP-DOWN FORCES; FOOD-CHAIN; PERIPHYTON BIOMASS; FISH PREDATION; OPEN SYSTEMS; PRODUCTIVITY GRADIENT; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AB Light, nutrients and predators can constrain primary producers and consumers; however, the ecological effects of these factors have rarely been tested simultaneously in open systems. To partly address this knowledge gap, primary producer biomass and consumer abundance and biomass were quantified on nutrient-diffusing substrata along a light gradient created by four riparian reserve treatments (forested controls, 30-m wide riparian reserve, 10-m reserve, clear-cut) each replicated twice in headwater streams of southwestern British Columbia in 2001 and 2002. Predation pressure, as estimated by trout abundance varied among streams, and was treated as a covariate, with nutrient enrichment and riparian reserve width as fixed effects. Primary producer and consumer biomass were limited by light flux as determined by reserve width, and nutrients, especially phosphorus. In 2002, nutrient effects on algal biomass were conditional upon reserve width: chlorophyll a biomass was higher on P- and N+P-amended pots compared to controls, but only in the 10-m reserve and clear-cut treatments or when light flux was greater than 75 mu mol m(-2) s(-1). The effects of fish predators on primary consumers were also conditional upon reserve width, with strong predator effects occurring in the 10-m and clear-cut riparian treatments. The interactive effects of light flux, nutrient supply and predator abundance in constraining lower trophic levels may be common in nature. My results, therefore, suggest interactive effects were manisfested above a specific threshold condition. The interactive effects of light flux, nutrient supply and predator abundance in constraining lower trophic levels may be common in nature. Results from my study support this hypothesis and suggest that variation in light flux was an important condition dictating the strength of nutrient limitation and redation pressure in these headwater streams. C1 NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mukilteo Field Stn, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. RP Kiffney, PM (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Mukilteo Field Stn, 10 Pk Ave,Bldg B, Mukilteo, WA 98275 USA. EM peter.kiffney@noaa.gov NR 76 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0030-1299 J9 OIKOS JI Oikos PD SEP PY 2008 VL 117 IS 9 BP 1428 EP 1440 DI 10.1111/j.2008.0030-1299.16584.x PG 13 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 337BJ UT WOS:000258410200017 ER PT J AU Berglund, AJ McMahon, MD McClelland, JJ Liddle, JA AF Berglund, Andrew J. McMahon, Matthew D. McClelland, Jabez J. Liddle, J. Alexander TI Fast, bias-free algorithm for tracking single particles with variable size and shape SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID INDIVIDUAL PARTICLES; FEEDBACK-CONTROL; LOCALIZATION; DYNAMICS; PROBES; CELLS AB We introduce a fast and robust technique for single-particle tracking with nanometer accuracy. We extract the center-of-mass of the image of a single particle with a simple, iterative algorithm that efficiently suppresses background-induced bias in a simplistic centroid estimator. Unlike many commonly used algorithms, our position estimator requires no prior information about the shape or size of the tracked particle image and uses only simple arithmetic operations, making it appropriate for future hardware implementation and real-time feedback applications. We demonstrate it both numerically and experimentally, using an inexpensive CCD camera to localize 190 nm fluorescent microspheres to better than 5 nm. C1 [Berglund, Andrew J.; McMahon, Matthew D.; McClelland, Jabez J.; Liddle, J. Alexander] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Berglund, AJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.berglund@nist.gov RI Liddle, James/A-4867-2013; McMahon, Matthew/F-2986-2013; McClelland, Jabez/A-2358-2015 OI Liddle, James/0000-0002-2508-7910; McClelland, Jabez/0000-0001-5672-5965 FU National Research Council FX The authors gratefully acknowledge Peter Carmichael for stimulating discussions. A. B. is supported by the National Research Council. NR 24 TC 31 Z9 33 U1 0 U2 9 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 18 BP 14064 EP 14075 DI 10.1364/OE.16.014064 PG 12 WC Optics SC Optics GA 349GZ UT WOS:000259270600061 PM 18773017 ER PT J AU Bahabad, A Cohen, O Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC AF Bahabad, Alon Cohen, Oren Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. TI Quasi-periodic and random quasi-phase matching of high harmonic generation SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATTOSECOND PULSE GENERATION; MODULATED WAVE-GUIDES; LIGHT; FIBERS AB Quasi-phase matching schemes employing quasi-periodic or random spatial modulations, previously applied to perturbative nonlinear optics, are demonstrated theoretically for the extreme nonlinear optical process of high harmonic generation. We show that quasi-periodic quasi-phase matching of high harmonic generation can be used for simultaneous enhancement of arbitrarily chosen spectral regions. We also demonstrate enhancement of a single extremely wide bandwidth using random quasi-phase matching. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Bahabad, Alon; Cohen, Oren; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cohen, Oren] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Cohen, Oren] Technion Israel Inst Technol, Dept Phys, IL-32000 Haifa, Israel. [Bahabad, Alon; Cohen, Oren; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bahabad, A (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM alonb@jila.colorado.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317 FU National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center [EEC-0310717] FX We gratefully acknowledge support for this work from the National Science Foundation (NSF) Engineering Research Center on Extreme Ultraviolet Science and Technology, under award number EEC-0310717. NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 17 BP 1936 EP 1938 DI 10.1364/OL.33.001936 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 354QB UT WOS:000259653000004 PM 18758570 ER PT J AU Attota, R Germer, TA Silver, RM AF Attota, Ravikiran Germer, Thomas A. Silver, Richard M. TI Through-focus scanning-optical-microscope imaging method for nanoscale dimensional analysis SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METROLOGY AB We present a novel optical technique that produces nanometer dimensional measurement sensitivity using a conventional bright-field optical microscope, by analyzing through-focus scanning-optical-microscope images obtained at different focus positions. In principle, this technique can be used to identify which dimension is changing between two nanosized targets and to determine the dimension using a library-matching method. This methodology has potential utility for a wide range of target geometries and application areas, including nanometrology, nanomanufacturing, semiconductor process control, and biotechnology. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Attota, Ravikiran; Germer, Thomas A.; Silver, Richard M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Attota, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ravikiran.attota@nist.gov FU NIST-OMP; NIST-Scatterfield Competence; Sematech and Ron Dixson FX The authors thank the NIST-OMP and the NIST-Scatterfield Competence project for the financial support. Sematech and Ron Dixson are acknowledged for AFM measurement support. We thank Jim Potzick, Mike Stocker, and Bryan Barnes for the helpful discussions. NR 12 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD SEP 1 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 17 BP 1990 EP 1992 DI 10.1364/OL.33.001990 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 354QB UT WOS:000259653000022 PM 18758588 ER PT J AU May, EF Moldover, MR Schmidt, JW AF May, Eric F. Moldover, Michael R. Schmidt, James W. TI Electric and magnetic susceptibilities of gaseous oxygen: Present data and modern theory compared SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID MICROWAVE-SPECTRUM; AB-INITIO; INTERMOLECULAR INTERACTIONS; DIELECTRIC PERMITTIVITY; MOLECULAR-OXYGEN; HELIUM; RESONATORS; ABSORPTION; DISPERSION; HYDROGEN AB We used a cross capacitor to measure the relative dielectric permittivity epsilon(r) of O(2) at 273, 293, and 323 K and at pressures up to 6.5 MPa. Simultaneously we measured oxygen's complex refractive index n using a quasi-spherical cavity resonator at frequencies between 2.4 and 7.3 GHz. The combined results from these measurements determine oxygen's frequency-dependent, relative magnetic permeability mu(r)(f, p, T) with an uncertainty of less than 1% of (mu(r)-1) at pressures above 2 MPa. Regression of these data to a model for oxygen's impact -broadened microwave spectrum allowed us to determine two quantities that are, in principle, amenable to calculation: the molar magnetic susceptibility in the limits of zero pressure and zero frequency chi(meas)(M00) equivalent to chi(M) (0,0,293.15 K) and the second magnetic virial coefficient b(mu). With oxygen's electronic g factor constrained to 2.0039 +/- 0.0003 (the value known from laser magnetic resonance, EPR, and molecular beam experiments) we obtained chi(meas)(M00) = (42.92 +/- 0.06) x 10(-9) m(3) mol(-1) and b(mu) = -1.8 +/- 0.5 cm(3) mol(-1). The result for chi(meas)(M00) is consistent with a recent ab initio calculation chi(meas)(M00)/chi(calc)(M00) = 0.9998 +/- 0.0014. Our measurements of oxygen's magnetic susceptibility are the first made relative to the susceptibility of helium calculated ab initio. All previous measurements were made relative to the diamagnetic susceptibility of water. These previous measurements, published in 1943 or earlier, span the wider range 0.975 chi(meas)(M00)/chi(calc)(M00) 1.019. Our measurements of epsilon(r) determine the static molecular dielectric polarizability of oxygen: (1.7456 +/- 0.0003) x 10(-40) F m(2), which deviates by + 0.7 and -0.1% from two recent ab initio calculations. C1 [May, Eric F.; Moldover, Michael R.; Schmidt, James W.] NIST, Proc Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [May, Eric F.] Univ Western Australia, Sch Mech Engn, Ctr Petr Fuels & Energy, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. RP May, EF (reprint author), NIST, Proc Measurement Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Eric.May@uwa.edu.au RI Moldover, Michael/E-6384-2013 FU American Australian Association FX The authors thank John Hurly for his thermophysical property calculations and Laurent Pitre for assistance with the measurements. We thank Allan Harvey, Antonio Rizzo, and Rich Davis for reading the manuscript and we appreciate their comments and suggestions. E. F. M. is grateful to Andre Luiten and Bob Stamps for helpful discussions. While at NIST, E.F.M. was supported in part by the American Australian Association. NR 48 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 032522 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.032522 PG 15 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 355DO UT WOS:000259689400089 ER PT J AU Porsev, SG Ludlow, AD Boyd, MM Ye, J AF Porsev, S. G. Ludlow, Andrew D. Boyd, Martin M. Ye, Jun TI Determination of Sr properties for a high-accuracy optical clock SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; HYPERFINE-STRUCTURE; PERTURBATION-THEORY; SHIELDING FACTORS; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE; LATTICE CLOCK; HARTREE-FOCK; ATOMS; LIFETIMES; STRONTIUM AB We have carried out calculations towards the goal of reducing the inaccuracy of the Sr optical atomic clock to 1 x 10(-17) and below. In particular, we focused on ac polarizabilities of the 5s(2) (1)S(0) and 5s5p 3P(0)(o) clock states that are important for reducing the uncertainty of black-body radiation-induced frequency shifts for the (1)S(0)-(3)P(0)(o) clock transition. Four low-lying even-parity states have been identified, whose total contribution to the static polarizability of the (3)P(0)(o) clock state is at the level of 90%. We show that if the contribution of these states is experimentally known with 0.1% accuracy, the same accuracy can be achieved for the total polarizability of the (3)P(0)(o) state. The corresponding uncertainty for the blackbody shift at a fixed room temperature will be below 1 x 10(-17). The calculations are confirmed by a number of experimental measurements on various Sr properties. C1 [Porsev, S. G.; Ludlow, Andrew D.; Boyd, Martin M.; Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Porsev, S. G.; Ludlow, Andrew D.; Boyd, Martin M.; Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Porsev, S. G.] Petersburg Nucl Phys Inst, Gatchina 188300, Russia. RP Porsev, SG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sporsev@gmail.com RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU JILA; Russian Foundation [07-02-00210-a, 08-02-00460-a]; NSF; NIST; DARPA FX We thank C. Greene and P. Lemonde for useful discussions and the rest of JILA Sr researchers for their contributions to the experimental work cited here. We thank G. Campbell for her careful reading of the manuscript. S. G. P. would like to thank JILA for hospitality and in particular the JILA Visiting Scientist Program for partial financial support. S. G. P. was also supported in part by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research under Grants No. 07-02-00210-a and No. 08-02-00460-a. We acknowledge funding support from NSF, NIST, and DARPA. NR 52 TC 41 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 032508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.032508 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 355DO UT WOS:000259689400075 ER PT J AU Srinivasan, K Michael, CP Perahia, R Painter, O AF Srinivasan, Kartik Michael, Christopher P. Perahia, Raviv Painter, Oskar TI Investigations of a coherently driven semiconductor optical cavity QED system SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID SINGLE QUANTUM-DOT; PHOTONIC CRYSTAL; ONE-ATOM; NONLINEAR SPECTROSCOPY; FIBER TAPER; NANOCAVITY; LASERS; MODES; ELECTRODYNAMICS; MICRODISKS AB Chip-based cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) devices consisting of a self-assembled InAs quantum dot (QD) coupled to a high quality factor GaAs microdisk cavity are coherently probed through their optical channel using a fiber taper waveguide. We highlight one particularly important aspect of this all-fiber measurement setup, which is the accuracy to which the optical coupling level and optical losses are known relative to typical free-space excitation techniques. This allows for precise knowledge of the intracavity photon number and measurement of absolute transmitted and reflected signals. Resonant optical spectroscopy of the system under both weak and strong driving conditions are presented, which when compared with a quantum master equation model of the system allows for determination of the coherent coupling rate between QD exciton and optical cavity mode, the different levels of elastic and inelastic dephasing of the exciton state, and the position and orientation of the QD within the cavity. Pump-probe measurements are also performed in which a far off-resonant red-detuned control laser beam is introduced into the cavity. Rather than producing a measurable ac Stark shift in the exciton line of the QD, we find that this control beam induces a saturation of the resonant system response. The broad photoluminescence spectrum resulting from the presence of the control beam in the cavity points to sub-band-gap absorption in the semiconductor, and the resulting free-carrier generation, as the likely source of system saturation. C1 [Srinivasan, Kartik] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Michael, Christopher P.; Perahia, Raviv; Painter, Oskar] CALTECH, Sr Lab Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. RP Srinivasan, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kartik.srinivasan@nist.gov RI Srinivasan, Kartik/D-6369-2010; Schaff, William/B-5839-2009; OI Painter, Oskar/0000-0002-1581-9209 FU DARPA NACHOS program FX We thank A. Stintz and S. Krishna of the Center for High Technology Materials at the University of New Mexico for providing the quantum dot material growth. This work was partly supported by the DARPA NACHOS program. NR 65 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 18 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 033839 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.033839 PG 18 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 355DO UT WOS:000259689400201 ER PT J AU Cao, H Stock, C Xu, GY Gehring, PM Li, JF Viehland, D AF Cao, Hu Stock, Chris Xu, Guangyong Gehring, Peter M. Li, Jiefang Viehland, Dwight TI Dynamic origin of the morphotropic phase boundary: Soft modes and phase instability in 0.68Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3O3)-0.32PbTiO(3) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING; MONOCLINIC PHASE; POLARIZATION ROTATION; FERROELECTRIC PHASE; SINGLE-CRYSTALS; ELECTRIC-FIELD; TITANATE; PBTIO3; PHONON AB We report neutron inelastic scattering and high-resolution x-ray diffraction measurements on single crystal 0.68Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3O3)-0.32PbTiO(3)) (PMN-0.32PT), a relaxor ferroelectric material that lies within the compositional range of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) where the piezoelectric properties of PMN-xPT compounds are close to maximal. Data were obtained between 100 and 600 K under zero and nonzero electric field applied along the cubic [001] direction. The lowest-energy, zone-center, transverse optic phonon is strongly damped and softens slowly at high temperature; however, the square of the soft-mode energy begins to increase linearly with temperature as in a conventional ferroelectric, which we term the soft-mode "recovery," upon cooling into the tetragonal phase at T-C. Our data show that the soft mode in PMN-0.32PT behaves almost identically to that in pure PMN, exhibiting the same temperature dependence and recovery temperature even though PMN exhibits no well-defined structural transition (no T-C). The temperature dependence of the soft mode in PMN-0.32PT is also similar to that in PMN-0.60PT; however, in PMN-0.60PT the recovery temperature equals T-C. These results suggest that the temperature dependence and the energy scale of the soft-mode dynamics in PMN-xPT are independent of concentration on the Ti-poor side of the MPB, but scale with T-C for Ti-rich compositions. Thus the MPB may be defined in lattice dynamical terms as the concentration where T-C first matches the recovery temperature of the soft mode. High-resolution x-ray studies show that the cubic-to-ferroelectric phase boundary shifts to higher temperatures by an abnormal amount within the MPB region in the presence of an electric field. This suggests that an unusual instability exists within the apparently cubic phase at the MPB. C1 [Cao, Hu; Li, Jiefang; Viehland, Dwight] Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Stock, Chris] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Rutherford OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Xu, Guangyong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Gehring, Peter M.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Cao, H (reprint author), Virginia Tech, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RI Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; OI Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 FU Office of Naval Research [N00014-06-1-0204, MURIN00014-06-1-0530]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada FX We gratefully acknowledge financial support from the Office of Naval Research under Grants No. N00014-06-1-0204 and No. MURIN00014-06-1-0530, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada. We would also like thank H. Luo for providing the high-quality single crystals used in this study and Y. Chen for technical assistance with the BT7 triple-axis neutron spectrometer. NR 46 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 2469-9950 EI 2469-9969 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104103 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104103 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400020 ER PT J AU Dunsiger, SR Zhao, Y Gaulin, BD Qiu, Y Bourges, P Sidis, Y Copley, JRD Kallin, A Mazurek, EM Dabkowska, HA AF Dunsiger, S. R. Zhao, Y. Gaulin, B. D. Qiu, Y. Bourges, P. Sidis, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Kallin, A. Mazurek, E. M. Dabkowska, H. A. TI Diagonal and collinear incommensurate spin structures in underdoped La2-xBaxCuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HUBBARD-MODEL; STRIPE ORDER; PHASE; LA2-XSR(X)CUO4; APPROXIMATION; LA2-XSRXNIO4; MODULATION; MAGNETISM AB We have studied incommensurate spin ordering in single-crystal underdoped La2-xBaxCuO4 with x similar to 0.08, 0.05, and 0.025 using neutron-scattering techniques. Static incommensurate magnetic order is observed in the La2-xBaxCuO4 (x = 0.05 and 0.025) compounds with ordering wave vectors which are rotated by 45 about the commensurate (0.5,0.5,0) position, with respect to that in the superconducting x = 0.08 material. These spin modulations are one dimensional in the x = 0.05 and 0.025 samples, with ordering wave vectors lying along the orthorhombic b* direction. Such a rotation in the orientation of the static spin ordering as a function of increasing Ba doping, from diagonal to collinear, is roughly coincident with the transition from an insulating to a superconducting ground state and is similar to that observed in the related La2-xSrxCuO4 system. This phenomenon is therefore a more generic property of underdoped La-214 cuprates. C1 [Dunsiger, S. R.; Zhao, Y.; Gaulin, B. D.; Kallin, A.; Mazurek, E. M.; Dabkowska, H. A.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G 1Z8, Canada. [Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bourges, P.; Sidis, Y.] CEA Saclay, Lab Leon Brillouin, CEA CNRS, UMR12, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. RP Dunsiger, SR (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; NSERC of Canada FX This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0454672, and was supported by NSERC of Canada. It is a pleasure to acknowledge the contribution of A. Dabkowski to this work. NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 092507 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.092507 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700025 ER PT J AU Dutta, SK Strauch, FW Lewis, RM Mitra, K Paik, H Palomaki, TA Tiesinga, E Anderson, JR Dragt, AJ Lobb, CJ Wellstood, FC AF Dutta, S. K. Strauch, Frederick W. Lewis, R. M. Mitra, Kaushik Paik, Hanhee Palomaki, T. A. Tiesinga, Eite Anderson, J. R. Dragt, Alex J. Lobb, C. J. Wellstood, F. C. TI Multilevel effects in the Rabi oscillations of a Josephson phase qubit SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ZERO-VOLTAGE STATE; LEVEL QUANTIZATION; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; ENERGY-LEVELS; QUANTUM; LIFETIME; INFORMATION AB We present Rabi oscillation measurements of a Nb/AlO(x)/Nb dc superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) phase qubit with a 100 mu m(2) area junction acquired over a range of microwave drive power and frequency detuning. Given the slightly anharmonic level structure of the device, several excited states play an important role in the qubit dynamics, particularly at high power. To investigate the effects of these levels, multiphoton Rabi oscillations were monitored by measuring the tunneling escape rate of the device to the voltage state, which is particularly sensitive to excited state population. We compare the observed oscillation frequencies with a simplified model constructed from the full phase qubit Hamiltonian and also compare time-dependent escape rate measurements with a more complete density-matrix simulation. Good quantitative agreement is found between the data and simulations, allowing us to identify a shift in resonance (analogous to the ac Stark effect), a suppression of the Rabi frequency, and leakage to the higher excited states. C1 [Dutta, S. K.; Lewis, R. M.; Mitra, Kaushik; Paik, Hanhee; Palomaki, T. A.; Tiesinga, Eite; Anderson, J. R.; Dragt, Alex J.; Lobb, C. J.; Wellstood, F. C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dutta, S. K.; Lewis, R. M.; Mitra, Kaushik; Paik, Hanhee; Palomaki, T. A.; Tiesinga, Eite; Anderson, J. R.; Dragt, Alex J.; Lobb, C. J.; Wellstood, F. C.] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Strauch, Frederick W.; Mitra, Kaushik; Tiesinga, Eite] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dutta, SK (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Nanophys & Adv Mat, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011 FU National Science Foundation; National Security Agency; state of Maryland; Center for Superconductivity Research FX We have benefited greatly from discussions with B. K. Cooper, P. R. Johnson, H. Kwon, J. Matthews, K. D. Osborn, B. S. Palmer, A. J. Przybysz, R. C. Ramos, C. P. Vlahacos, and H. Xu. The work was funded by the National Science Foundation through the QuBIC Program, the National Security Agency, and the state of Maryland through the Center for Nanophysics and Advanced Materials, formerly the Center for Superconductivity Research. NR 66 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104510 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104510 PG 12 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400086 ER PT J AU Hasmy, A Rincon, L Hernandez, R Mujica, V Marquez, M Gonzalez, C AF Hasmy, A. Rincon, L. Hernandez, R. Mujica, V. Marquez, M. Gonzalez, C. TI On the formation of suspended noble-metal monatomic chains SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID GOLD ATOMS; CONDUCTANCE; SIGNATURE; NANOWIRES AB We present a tight-binding molecular-dynamics investigation of the geometrical and the electronic structure of suspended monatomic noble-metal chains. We show that linear monatomic chains are formed at temperatures equal to or smaller than 500 K for Au, 200 K for Ag, and 4 K for Cu and that they are stable for at least 10 ns. We also evidence that such stability is associated with the persisting sd orbital hybridization along the chains. The study highlights fundamental limitations of conductance measurement experiments to detect these chains in the breaking process of nanowires. C1 [Hasmy, A.; Rincon, L.; Mujica, V.; Marquez, M.; Gonzalez, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hasmy, A.; Mujica, V.] Philip Morris Inc, INEST Grp, Postgrad Program, Richmond, VA 23234 USA. [Rincon, L.] Univ Los Andes, Fac Ciencias, Dept Quim, Merida 5101, Venezuela. [Hernandez, R.] Inst Venezolano Invest Cient, Ctr Quim, Caracas 1020A, Venezuela. [Marquez, M.] Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85280 USA. RP Hasmy, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM anwarhasmy@hotmail.com RI Rincon, Luis/A-4604-2015 NR 30 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 AR 115409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.115409 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355EA UT WOS:000259690800091 ER PT J AU Lashley, JC Stevens, R Crawford, MK Boerio-Goates, J Woodfield, BF Qiu, Y Lynn, JW Goddard, PA Fisher, RA AF Lashley, J. C. Stevens, R. Crawford, M. K. Boerio-Goates, J. Woodfield, B. F. Qiu, Y. Lynn, J. W. Goddard, P. A. Fisher, R. A. TI Specific heat and magnetic susceptibility of the spinels GeNi(2)O(4) and GeCo(2)O(4) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-SCATTERING; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; CAPACITY; CSNICL3 AB Specific-heat and magnetic-susceptibility measurements are reported for the polycrystalline spinel compounds GeNi(2)O(4) and GeCo(2)O(4) in magnetic fields up to 14 T and 0.5 K <= T <= 400 K. Both compounds have first-order antiferromagnetic transitions. There are two sharp closely spaced magnetic-ordering anomalies for GeNi(2)O(4) at Neel temperatures T(N1)(0)= 12.080 K and T(N2)(0)=11.433 K in zero magnetic field. There is also a broad anomaly in the specific heat centered at similar to 5 K, which is present for all fields. Spin waves with an average gap of 10.9 K are associated with this anomaly, which is confirmed by neutron-scattering measurements. An unusual feature of the antiferromagnetism for GeNi(2)O(4) is the simultaneous presence of both gapped and ungapped spin waves in the Neel state, inferred from the specific-heat data. GeCo(2)O(4) has a single anomaly at T(N)(0)= 20.617 K in zero magnetic field. Spin waves with an average gap of 38.7 K are derived from fitting the low-temperature specific heat and are also observed by neutron scattering. For both compounds similar to 50% of the derived magnetic entropy is below the ordering temperatures, and the total magnetic entropies are only similar to 60% of that predicted for the Ni(2+) and Co(2+) single-ion ground-state configurations. The missing entropy is not linked to magnetic disorder in the ground state or hidden ordering below 0.5 K. It is postulated that the missing entropy is accounted for by the presence of substantial magnetic correlations well above the Neel temperatures. Fitting the GeNi(2)O(4) susceptibilities to the Curie-Weiss law yields parameters that are consistent with those found for Ni(2+) ions in a crystal-electric-field environment including octahedral and trigonal components. The application of the Curie-Weiss law to the GeCo(2)O(4) susceptibilities is not valid because of low-lying crystal-electric-field states. C1 [Lashley, J. C.; Goddard, P. A.; Fisher, R. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Stevens, R.; Boerio-Goates, J.; Woodfield, B. F.] Brigham Young Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Provo, UT 84602 USA. [Crawford, M. K.] DuPont Co Inc, Cent Res, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Crawford, M. K.] DuPont Co Inc, Dept Dev, Wilmington, DE 19880 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goddard, P. A.] Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. RP Lashley, JC (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Goddard, Paul/A-8638-2015 OI Goddard, Paul/0000-0002-0666-5236 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DEFG-03-86ER-45230]; U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-00-72125]; National Nuclear Security Administration; Office of Research and Creative Activities at BYU; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The authors acknowledge E. M. McCarron, R. J. Smalley, T. Borecki, and J. Hormadaly for help with sample preparation. They thank J. R. D. Copley of the NIST Center for Neutron Research for his continuing interest and helpful discussions on the neutron-scattering experiments. Research at Los Alamos National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Grant No. DEFG-03-86ER-45230 and the U. S. National Science Foundation (NSF) under Grant No. DMR-00-72125, and was performed under the auspices of the NSF, the State of Florida, the National Nuclear Security Administration, and the U. S. Department of Energy. The Office of Research and Creative Activities at BYU provided funding for support of the BYU research. This work utilized facilities, supported in part, by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 49 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 104406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.104406 PG 18 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400055 ER PT J AU Lee, S Choi, T Ratcliff, W Erwin, R Cheong, SW Kiryukhin, V AF Lee, Seongsu Choi, Taekjib Ratcliff, W., II Erwin, R. Cheong, S-W. Kiryukhin, V. TI Single ferroelectric and chiral magnetic domain of single-crystalline BiFeO(3) in an electric field SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FILMS; MULTIFERROICS AB We report on polarized neutron-scattering and piezoresponse force microscopy studies of millimeter-sized single crystals of multiferroic BiFeO(3). The crystals, grown below the Curie temperature, consist of a single ferroelectric domain. Two unique electric polarization directions, as well as the populations of equivalent spiral magnetic domains, can be switched reversibly by an electric field. A ferroelectric monodomain with a single-q single-helicity spin spiral can be obtained. This level of control, so far unachievable in thin films, makes single-crystal BiFeO(3) a promising object for multiferroics research. C1 [Lee, Seongsu; Choi, Taekjib; Cheong, S-W.; Kiryukhin, V.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Lee, Seongsu; Choi, Taekjib; Cheong, S-W.; Kiryukhin, V.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ratcliff, W., II; Erwin, R.] NIST, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, S (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, POB 849, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. RI Choi, Taekjib/H-8791-2012 OI Choi, Taekjib/0000-0001-6912-3322 FU NSF [DMR-0704487, DMR-0520471] FX This work was supported by the NSF under Grants No. DMR-0704487 and No. DMR-0520471. NR 18 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 1 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 10 AR 100101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.100101 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DW UT WOS:000259690400001 ER PT J AU Phelan, D Yu, J Louca, D AF Phelan, D. Yu, J. Louca, Despina TI Jahn-Teller spin polarons in perovskite cobaltites SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID MANGANITES; LACOO3; TRANSITION; OXIDES AB The interplay of the electron transfer integral and lattice elastic energy in A(1-x)A(x)'CoO(3) is investigated by neutron diffraction and the pair density function analysis. By effectively widening the bandwidth with Ca, Sr, and Ba substitutions at the A site, evidence for the stability of the intermediate-spin (IS) configuration through the formation of static local Jahn-Teller (JT) distortions is provided. When the critical radius exceeds similar to 1.22 angstrom, spin activated JT polarons are formed in the absence of long-range magnetic ordering. JT polarons are prevalent in crystals with Sr and Ba but not in those with Ca. In the metallic and magnetically ordered phase, the static signature of the distortions is absent, suggesting that the IS state may be dynamically shared between Co(3+) and Co(4+) ions. C1 [Phelan, D.; Yu, J.; Louca, Despina] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. RP Phelan, D (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-01ER45927]; Los Alamos National Laboratory [W-7405-Eng-36]; Argonne National Laboratory [W-31-109-ENG-38] FX The authors would like to acknowledge valuable discussions with K. Yamada and S. Ishihara. They also thank K. Kamazawa and M. Hundley for the resistivity measurements on Ca reported in Ref. 34. Work at the University of Virginia was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-FG02-01ER45927, at the Los Alamos National Laboratory under Contract No. W-7405-Eng-36, and at the Argonne National Laboratory under Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38. NR 36 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 094108 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094108 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700033 ER PT J AU Strauch, FW Williams, CJ AF Strauch, Frederick W. Williams, Carl J. TI Theoretical analysis of perfect quantum state transfer with superconducting qubits SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID ENTANGLEMENT; COMPUTATION; ARCHITECTURE; OSCILLATIONS; COMPUTER; CAVITY AB Superconducting quantum circuits, fabricated with multiple layers, are proposed to implement perfect quantum state transfer between nodes of a hypercube network. For tunable devices such as the phase qubit, each node can transmit quantum information to any other node at a constant rate independent of the distance between qubits. The physical limits of quantum state transfer in this network are theoretically analyzed, including the effects of disorder, decoherence, and higher-order couplings. C1 [Strauch, Frederick W.; Williams, Carl J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Strauch, FW (reprint author), Williams Coll, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. EM Frederick.W.Strauch@williams.edu RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009 NR 49 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 9 AR 094516 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.094516 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 355DQ UT WOS:000259689700092 ER PT J AU Lippincott, WH Coakley, KJ Gastler, D Hime, A Kearns, E McKinsey, DN Nikkel, JA Stonehill, LC AF Lippincott, W. H. Coakley, K. J. Gastler, D. Hime, A. Kearns, E. McKinsey, D. N. Nikkel, J. A. Stonehill, L. C. TI Scintillation time dependence and pulse shape discrimination in liquid argon SO PHYSICAL REVIEW C LA English DT Article ID DARK-MATTER SEARCH; XENON; PARTICLES; DETECTOR; RECOILS; DECAY AB Using a single-phase liquid argon detector with a signal yield of 4.85 photoelectrons per keV of electronic-equivalent recoil energy (keVee), we measure the scintillation time dependence of both electronic and nuclear recoils in liquid argon down to 5 keVee. We develop two methods of pulse shape discrimination to distinguish between electronic and nuclear recoils. Using one of these methods, we measure a background-and statistics-limited level of electronic recoil contamination to be 7.6 x 10(-7) between 52 and 110 keV of nuclear recoil energy (keVr) for a nuclear recoil acceptance of 50% with no nuclear recoil-like events above 62 keVr. Finally, we develop a maximum likelihood method of pulse shape discrimination based on the measured scintillation time dependence. C1 [Lippincott, W. H.; McKinsey, D. N.; Nikkel, J. A.] Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Coakley, K. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Gastler, D.; Kearns, E.] Boston Univ, Dept Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Hime, A.; Stonehill, L. C.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Lippincott, WH (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Phys, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. EM daniel.mckinsey@yale.edu FU David and Lucille Packard Foundation; Los Alamos Directed Research and Development Program; US Department of Energy FX We thank M. Boulay, C. Jillings, B. Cai, and J. Lidgard for useful discussions and for developing the ratio-of-Gaussians model used in this analysis. We acknowledge S. Seibert and J. Klein for their contributions to the Monte Carlo simulations software package. This work was supported by the David and Lucille Packard Foundation, the Los Alamos Directed Research and Development Program, and the US Department of Energy. NR 41 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0556-2813 J9 PHYS REV C JI Phys. Rev. C PD SEP PY 2008 VL 78 IS 3 AR 035801 DI 10.1103/PhysRevC.78.035801 PG 12 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 355EO UT WOS:000259692300079 ER PT J AU Johnson, LE Farr, JK AF Johnson, Lewis E. Farr, James K. TI CRW 2.0: A representative-compound approach to functionality-based prediction of reactive chemical hazards SO PROCESS SAFETY PROGRESS LA English DT Article DE reactivity; reactive; hazards; compatibility AB The NOAA Chemical Reactivity Worksheet (CRW) has provided a user-friendly, yet powerful method of qualitatively predicting reactive chemical hazards since its introduction in 1998, and has seen its use in spill response, storage management, and process safety for intentional chemistry. The CRW predicts reaction hazards based on a database of more than 6,000 common industrial chemicals, classified by major reactive groups, using 43 x 43 matrix of organic and inorganic reactive groups, modified from the earlier "'EPA method for determining the compatibility of hazardous mixtures." CRW output describes the hazards qualitatively; e.g., "spontaneous ignition of reactants or products due to reaction heat," or "combination liberates nonflammable, nontoxic gas and may cause pressurization. The CRW also provides summaries of properties and special hazards for many of the compounds in the database. CRW 2.0, a new, standalone version of the CRW is due to be released later this year. Earlier versions of the CRW had a limited set of references and limited information about specific reactions, and this information could only be found in each compound's chemical profile, increasing search time for assessing reaction specifics, and providing little information that could be used to mitigate the chance of false-positives-the CRW is designed to be conservative in its predictions, and will indicate an incompatibility even if only a few reactions are found between two functional groups. Version 2.0 improves the database based on an extensive literature survey of potentially hazardous reactions for representative members of all 43 listed functional groups, with primary literature references available for many of the hazards predicted, and many errors and omissions corrected. This article describes the methodology for the literature search, rationale for changes to the operation of the database,. extent of the new documentation, and the remaining design limitations of the product. (C) 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 27: 212-218, 2008. C1 [Farr, James K.] NOAA, Western Reg Ctr, Hazardous Mat Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Johnson, Lewis E.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Farr, JK (reprint author), NOAA, Western Reg Ctr, Hazardous Mat Response Div, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM jim.farr@noaa.gov FU Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS); Technology Alliance of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE); The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX This work was supported by Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS); Technology Alliance of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE); The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1066-8527 J9 PROCESS SAF PROG JI Process Saf. Prog. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 27 IS 3 BP 212 EP 218 DI 10.1002/prs.10248 PG 7 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 341OZ UT WOS:000258725100005 ER PT J AU Schwarz, FP Reinisch, T Hinz, HJ Surolia, A AF Schwarz, Frederick P. Reinisch, Timm Hinz, Hans-Juergen Surolia, Avadhesha TI Recommendations on measurement and analysis of results obtained on biological substances using isothermal titration calorimetry - (IUPAC technical report) SO PURE AND APPLIED CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE isothermal titration calorimetry; recommendations; biological substances; measurements; analysis; binding thermodynamics; binding constants; proteins; ligands; enzyme kinetics; IUPAC Physical and Biophysical Chemistry Division ID PROTEIN INTERACTIONS; BINDING ENERGETICS; MICROCALORIMETRY; EQUILIBRIUM; INTERFACE; DESIGN AB Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) is widely used to determine the thermodynamics of biological interactions including protein-protein, small molecule-protein, protein-DNA, small molecule-DNA, and anti gen-antibody interactions. An ITC measurement consists of monitoring the transfer of heat between an analyte solution in a sample vessel and a reference solution in a reference vessel upon injection of a small aliquot of titrant solution into the sample vessel at a fixed ITC operating temperature. A binding isotherm is generated from the heat-transferred-per-injection data and values for the binding constants, the apparent binding enthalpies, and the apparent ratio of the amount of titrant to analyte for the binding reaction are then determined from fits of a binding model, whether it is a single site, identical multi-site, or an interacting multi-site binding model, to the binding isotherm. Prior to the fitting procedure, corrections should be made for contributions from extraneous heat of mixing determined separately from injections of the titrant into just the dialysate/buffer solution. Ultra-high binding constants, which cannot be directly determined from an ITC measurement, can be determined by a displacement ITC method where injections of the tight-binding titrant into a solution of a weaker-binding titrant-analyte complex displaces the weaker-binding, titrant from the complex. The Michaelis and catalytic constants can be determined for an enzyme reaction from injections of a substrate or enzyme titrant into an enzyme or substrate analyte solution. Several binding reactions are suggested to check the operating performance of the ITC. The reporting of ITC results must be specific with regard to the composition of the titrant and the analyte solutions, the temperature, and the model used in the analysis. C1 [Schwarz, Frederick P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Reinisch, Timm; Hinz, Hans-Juergen] Univ Munster, Inst Phys Chem, D-48149 Munster, Germany. [Surolia, Avadhesha] Natl Inst Immunol, New Delhi 110067, India. RP Schwarz, FP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM frederick.schwarz@nist.gov RI SUROLIA, AVADESHA/C-5442-2009 NR 45 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 17 PU INT UNION PURE APPLIED CHEMISTRY PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA 104 TW ALEXANDER DR, PO BOX 13757, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-3757 USA SN 0033-4545 J9 PURE APPL CHEM JI Pure Appl. Chem. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 80 IS 9 BP 2025 EP 2040 DI 10.1351/pac200880092025 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 350ML UT WOS:000259356500015 ER PT J AU Bell, SS Tewfik, A Hall, MO Fonseca, MS AF Bell, Susan S. Tewfik, Alexander Hall, Margaret O. Fonseca, Mark S. TI Evaluation of seagrass planting and monitoring techniques: Implications for assessing restoration success and habitat equivalency SO RESTORATION ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Florida; habitat equivalency analyses; Halodule wrightii; patch; recovery; restoration; seagrass ID HALODULE-WRIGHTII; POSIDONIA-AUSTRALIS; WESTERN-AUSTRALIA; ZOSTERA-MARINA; GALVESTON BAY; LANDSCAPE; EELGRASS; FLORIDA; TEXAS; BEDS AB Restoration has become an integral part of coastal management as a result of seagrass habitat loss. We studied restoration of the seagrass (Halodule wrightii) near Tampa Bay, Florida. Experimental plots were established in June 2002 using four planting methods: three manually planted and one mechanically transplanted by boat. Seagrass cover was recorded at high resolution (meter scale) annually through July 2005. Natural seagrass beds were concurrently examined as reference sites. We also evaluated the suitability of a commonly used protocol (Braun-Blanquet scores, BB) for comparing the development of seagrass cover using the planting methods and quantifying spatial patterns of cover over time. Results show that BB scores mirrored conventional measures of seagrass characteristics (i.e., shoot counts and above- and belowground biomass) well when BB scores were either low or very high. However, more caution may be required at intermediate cover scores as judged by comparison of BB scores with direct measurement of seagrass abundance. Significant differences in seagrass cover were detected among planting methods and over time (2002-2005), with manual planting of rubber band units resulting in the highest cover. In contrast, the peat pot and mechanical planting methods developed very low cover. Recovery rates calculated from development of seagrass spatial cover were less than those reported for natural expansion. Importantly, time to baseline recovery may be substantially greater than 3 years and beyond standard monitoring timelines. Prolonged recovery suggests that the rate of service returns, critical for estimating compensatory restoration goals under habitat equivalency analysis, may be severely underestimated. C1 [Bell, Susan S.; Tewfik, Alexander] Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Tewfik, Alexander] WorldFish Ctr, Nat Resources Management, George Town 10670, Malaysia. [Hall, Margaret O.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Fonseca, Mark S.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Bell, SS (reprint author), Univ S Florida, Dept Biol, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. EM sbell@cas.usf.edu FU National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, U.S. Department of Commerce [2003-0092-10] FX We thank the following for field and laboratory assistance: J. Bowles, D. Berns, M. Merillo, R. Smith, J. Gibson, C. Purdy, and undergraduate students who assisted in the field and laboratory. This paper was prepared by under award 2003-0092-10 from the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation, U.S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation or the U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 40 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 60 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1061-2971 J9 RESTOR ECOL JI Restor. Ecol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 16 IS 3 BP 407 EP 416 DI 10.1111/j.1526-100X.2007.00308.x PG 10 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 346SH UT WOS:000259089000007 ER PT J AU Chung, KH Scholz, S Shaw, GA Kramar, JA Pratt, JR AF Chung, Koo-Hyun Scholz, Stefan Shaw, Gordon A. Kramar, John A. Pratt, Jon R. TI SI traceable calibration of an instrumented indentation sensor spring constant using electrostatic force SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article ID MICROSCOPY; SURFACE; CANTILEVER; POTENTIALS; METROLOGY; STIFFNESS; STANDARD; LOAD AB We present a measurement scheme for creating reference electrostatic forces that are traceable to the International System of Units. This scheme yields reference forces suitable for calibrating the force sensitivity of instrumented indentation machines and atomic force microscopes. Forces between 10 and 200 mu N were created and expressed in terms of the voltage, length, and capacitance between a pair of interacting electrodes. The electrodes comprised an electrically conductive sphere mounted as a tip on an instrumented indentation sensor, and a planar counterelectrode fixed to a sample stage in close proximity to the sphere. For comparison, we applied mechanical forces of similar magnitudes, first using deadweights and then using a reference force sensor. The deflection of the sensor due to the various applied forces was measured using an interferometer. A spring constant for the sensor was computed from the observed records of force versus displacement. Each procedure yielded a relative standard uncertainty of approximately 1%; however, the electrostatic technique is scalable and could provide traceable reference forces as small as a few hundred piconewtons, a range far below anything yet achieved using deadweights. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2987695] C1 [Chung, Koo-Hyun; Scholz, Stefan; Shaw, Gordon A.; Kramar, John A.; Pratt, Jon R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chung, KH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Chung, KooHyun/O-3042-2013 OI Chung, KooHyun/0000-0002-9092-6784 NR 25 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 79 IS 9 AR 095105 DI 10.1063/1.2987695 PG 8 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 363UG UT WOS:000260291800057 PM 19044452 ER PT J AU Poole, GC O'Daniel, SJ Jones, KL Woessner, WW Bernhardt, ES Helton, AM Stanford, JA Boer, BR Beechie, TJ AF Poole, G. C. O'Daniel, S. J. Jones, K. L. Woessner, W. W. Bernhardt, E. S. Helton, A. M. Stanford, J. A. Boer, B. R. Beechie, T. J. TI Hydrologic spiralling: The role of multiple interactive flow paths in stream ecosystems SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE hyporheic zone; rivers; floodplain; groundwater; surface water; biogeochemistry; temperature; aquatic habitat ID FALL CHINOOK SALMON; SURFACE-SUBSURFACE EXCHANGE; RESIDENCE TIME DISTRIBUTION; HYPORHEIC ZONE; COLUMBIA RIVER; REGIONAL APPLICATIONS; GEOMORPHIC CONTROLS; SPAWNING HABITAT; SOLUTE TRANSPORT; MOUNTAIN STREAM AB We develop and illustrate the concept of 'hydrologic spiralling' using a high-resolution (2 x 2 m grid cell) Simulation of hyporheic hydrology across a 1.7 km(2) section of the sand, gravel and cobble floodplain aquifer of the upper Umatilla River of northeastern Oregon, USA. We parameterized the model using a Continuous map of surface water stage derived from LIDAR remote sensing data. Model results reveal the presence of complex spatial patterns of hyporheic exchange across spatial scales. We use simulation results to describe streams as a collection of hierarchically organized, individual flow paths that spiral across ecotones within streams and knit tooether sti-carn ecosystems. Such a vie", underscores the importance of: (1) gross hyporheic exchange rates in rivers, (2) the differing ecological roles of short and long hyporheic flow paths. and (3) the downstream movement of water and solutes outside of the stream channel (e.g. in the alluvial aquifer). Hydrologic spirals underscore important limitations of empirical measures of biotic solute uptake from streams and provide a needed hydrologic framework for emerging research foci in stream ecology Such as hydrologic connectivity. spatial and temporal variation in biogeochemical cycling rates and the role of stream geomorphology as a dominant control on stream ecosystem dynamics. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Poole, G. C.; Jones, K. L.; Helton, A. M.] Ecometrics Inc, Tucker, GA 30084 USA. [Poole, G. C.; Helton, A. M.] Univ Georgia, Inst Ecol, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Poole, G. C.; Stanford, J. A.] Univ Montana, Flathead Lake Biol Stn, Polson, MT 59860 USA. [O'Daniel, S. J.] Confederated Tribes Umatilla Indian Reservat, Pendleton, OR 97801 USA. [O'Daniel, S. J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Computat Syst Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [O'Daniel, S. J.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Geog, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Woessner, W. W.; Boer, B. R.] Univ Montana, Dept Geosci, Missoula, MT 59812 USA. [Bernhardt, E. S.] Duke Univ, Dept Biol, Durham, NC USA. [Beechie, T. J.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Poole, GC (reprint author), Ecometrics Inc, 2520 Pine Lake Rd, Tucker, GA 30084 USA. EM gpoole@eco-mietrics.com RI Bernhardt, Emily/B-4541-2010; Bernhardt, Emily/D-9940-2011; OI Bernhardt, Emily/0000-0003-3031-621X; Poole, Geoffrey/0000-0002-8458-0203 FU National Research Initiative of the USDA; Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service [2005-35102-16288]; NASA [NAG13-02030]; National Science Foundation [EAR-0120523]; Bonneville Power Administration [200725200]; Northwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration FX Michael Gooseff and one anonymous reviewer provided comments that improved this manuscript. This research was supported by the National Research Initiative of the USDA Cooperative State Research, Education and Extension Service (2005-35102-16288) and grants from NASA (NAG13-02030) the National Science Foundation (EAR-0120523), Bonneville Power Administration (200725200). The Northwest Fisheries Science Center of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration provided support to GCP for preparation of the manuscript. NR 66 TC 62 Z9 62 U1 2 U2 48 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 24 IS 7 BP 1018 EP 1031 DI 10.1002/rra.1099 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 353RC UT WOS:000259584900010 ER PT J AU Bamford, HA McElwee, K Morishige, C AF Bamford, Holly A. McElwee, Kris Morishige, Carey TI NOAA addresses the marine debris problem SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article C1 [Bamford, Holly A.; McElwee, Kris; Morishige, Carey] NOAA, Marine Debris Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Bamford, HA (reprint author), NOAA, Marine Debris Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 7 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 49 IS 9 BP 10 EP 13 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 351XE UT WOS:000259458400002 ER PT J AU Lei, Y Kacker, R Kuhn, DR Okun, V Lawrence, J AF Lei, Yu Kacker, Raghu Kuhn, D. Richard Okun, Vadim Lawrence, James TI IPOG/IPOG-D: efficient test generation for multi-way combinatorial testing SO SOFTWARE TESTING VERIFICATION & RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE combinatorial testing; interaction testing; multi-way testing; software testing ID COVERING ARRAYS; TEST SUITES; DESIGN AB This paper presents two strategies for multi-way testing (i.e. t-way testing with t>2). The first strategy generalizes an existing strategy, called in-parameter-order, from pairwise testing to multi-way testing. This strategy requires all multi-way combinations to be explicitly enumerated. When the number of multi-way combinations is large, however, explicit enumeration can be prohibitive in terms of both the space for storing these combinations and the time needed to enumerate them. To alleviate this problem, the second strategy combines the first strategy with a recursive construction procedure to reduce the number of multi-way combinations that have to be enumerated. Both strategies are deterministic, i.e. they always produce the same test set for the same system configuration. This paper reports a multi-way testing tool called FireEye, and provides an analytic and experimental evaluation of the two strategies. Copyright (C) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Lei, Yu] Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. [Kacker, Raghu; Kuhn, D. Richard; Okun, Vadim] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lawrence, James] George Mason Univ, Dept Math, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Lei, Y (reprint author), Univ Texas Arlington, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Box 19015, Arlington, TX 76019 USA. EM ylei@cse.uta.edu FU the Information Technology Lab (ITL) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) [60NANB6136192] FX The authors would like to thank Renee Bryce and Richard Carver for their comments on an earlier version of this paper, and Chinmay Jayaswal for conducting some of the experiments reported in this paper. The authors would also like to thank anonymous reviewers for their valuable comments. This work is partly supported by a grant (Award No. 60NANB6136192) from the Information Technology Lab (ITL) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NR 26 TC 65 Z9 72 U1 0 U2 2 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 0960-0833 EI 1099-1689 J9 SOFTW TEST VERIF REL JI Softw. Test. Verif. Reliab. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 18 IS 3 BP 125 EP 148 DI 10.1002/stvr.381 PG 24 WC Computer Science, Software Engineering SC Computer Science GA 349UP UT WOS:000259309100002 ER PT J AU Seo, KH Kumar, A AF Seo, K. -H. Kumar, A. TI The onset and life span of the Madden-Julian oscillation SO THEORETICAL AND APPLIED CLIMATOLOGY LA English DT Article ID OUTGOING LONGWAVE RADIATION; SUMMER INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; EQUATORIAL WAVES; TIME SCALES; EL-NINO; CONVECTION; MODEL; PROPAGATION; CIRCULATION AB While the canonical life cycle of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) is relatively well studied, little attention has been given to the determination of its periodicity and the detailed low-level dynamic structure during the onset phase. Here we present observational evidence of significant dynamical linkage between MJO convection and life span of MJO events. It is revealed that over the Indian Ocean, the low-level moisture convergence (LLMC) induced by easterly zonal wind anomaly and equatorward converging meridional wind anomaly preconditions about 3-5 days prior to the development of onset convection. Further, it is explicitly shown that the stronger LLMC tends to induce more intense MJO convection in the Indian Ocean, indicating that the LLMC paradigm is effectively operative in the initiation of MJO convection. The results show that the life span of the MJO is determined by the strength of the convective coupling with the large-scale circulation. That is, stronger MJO convection exhibits a longer life span due to stronger coupling between the tropical convection and circulation, and hence the slower eastward propagation of low-level circulation. In contrast, the weak MJO events favor a short period of the cycle and bear a similarity to the convectively coupled equatorial Kelvin waves. Thus, the greater LLMC tends to induce the greater MJO convection, which in turn gives rise to the strong coupling with lower-level circulation and propagating slowly to the east. The linear relationship between the convection strength and life span is shown to be greater in boreal winter. C1 [Seo, K. -H.] Pusan Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Syst, Pusan, South Korea. [Kumar, A.] NWS, NOAA, NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Seo, KH (reprint author), Pusan Natl Univ, Div Earth Environm Syst, Pusan, South Korea. EM khseo@pusan.ac.kr FU Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development [CATER 2007-4208] FX The author would like to thank Drs. Kingtse Mo and Yan Xue at Climate Prediction Center/NCEP/NOAA for their valuable comments and suggestions and Dr. Shuntai Zhou for the discussion on the Monte Carlo test. This work was funded by the Korea Meteorological Administration Research and Development Program under Grant CATER 2007-4208. NR 44 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-798X EI 1434-4483 J9 THEOR APPL CLIMATOL JI Theor. Appl. Climatol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 94 IS 1-2 BP 13 EP 24 DI 10.1007/s00704-007-0340-2 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 346BN UT WOS:000259043500002 ER PT J AU MacLean, SA Caldarone, EM AF MacLean, Sharon A. Caldarone, Elaine M. TI Estimating Recent Growth Rates of Atlantic Salmon Smolts Using RNA-DNA Ratios from Nonlethally Sampled Tissues SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID RNA/DNA RATIOS; WHITE MUSCLE; SALAR L.; TEMPERATURE; STORAGE; LARVAL; TROUT; WATER; FISH; SEA AB Four tissues that can be removed nonlethally were evaluated for their effectiveness in estimating recent growth rates of Atlantic salmon Salmo salar smolts using RNA-DNA ratios (R/Ds). Weight-based growth rates were calculated for smolts reared in the laboratory for 4 weeks. Gill, muscle, scale, and caudal Fin tissues were sampled to evaluate sampling ease during fieldwork, the quantity of RNA and DNA available for analysis, and the correlation of R/D with growth rate. Muscle provided adequate tissue for nucleic acid analysis, was strongly correlated with recent growth rates, and could be easily sampled in the field using a biopsy punch. Gill tissue did not provide adequate RNA for analysis with an ethidium-bromide-based microplate fluorometric assay, and R/Ds from scale and fin tissues were poorly correlated with growth rate. C1 [MacLean, Sharon A.; Caldarone, Elaine M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. RP MacLean, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 28 Tarzwell Dr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. EM sharon.maclean@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 137 IS 5 BP 1279 EP 1284 DI 10.1577/T07-254.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 369OR UT WOS:000260704300001 ER PT J AU Beckman, BR Gadberry, B Parkins, P Larsen, DA AF Beckman, Brian R. Gadberry, Brad Parkins, Paul Larsen, Donald A. TI The Effect of Yakima River Spring Chinook Salmon Sire Life History Type on Emergence Timing and Size of Progeny SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID EARLY SEXUAL-MATURATION; ATLANTIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SALAR L; GROWTH; HATCHERY; SURVIVAL; SUPPLEMENTATION; WASHINGTON; DIVERGENCE AB Two sets of half-sib families of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha were generated by crossing four full-size anadromous males and four early-maturing males with each of two full-size anadromous females (eight males X two females) obtained from the Cle Elum Supplementation Research Facility on the Yakima River. Emergence timing differed by up to 5 weeks between families, with a highly significant difference between females. Within females there was no significant effect of male life history type on either median emergence timing or fry size; however, there was a suggestion of a relationship between individual sire and progeny emergence timing. There were significant differences in fry weight at emergence between the two females, but sire did not influence fry weight at emergence within females. This study demonstrates that ecologically significant differences in emergence timing may be generated solely through genetic and maternal affects, as all parents were spawned on the same day and all progeny were reared within a common thermal regime. C1 [Beckman, Brian R.; Gadberry, Brad; Parkins, Paul; Larsen, Donald A.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Beckman, BR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM brian.beckman@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 137 IS 5 BP 1285 EP 1291 DI 10.1577/T07-170.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 369OR UT WOS:000260704300002 ER PT J AU Armstrong, JL Myers, KW Beauchamp, DA Davis, ND Walker, RV Boldt, JL Piccolo, JJ Haldorson, LJ Moss, JH AF Armstrong, Janet L. Myers, Katherine W. Beauchamp, David A. Davis, Nancy D. Walker, Robert V. Boldt, Jennifer L. Piccolo, John J. Haldorson, Lewis J. Moss, Jamal H. TI Interannual and Spatial Feeding Patterns of Hatchery and Wild Juvenile Pink Salmon in the Gulf of Alaska in Years of Low and High Survival SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; PACIFIC SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-GORBUSCHA; NORTHERN GULF; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; KODIAK ISLAND; COASTAL GULF; SIZE; MORTALITY; PRODUCTIVITY AB To improve understanding of the mechanisms affecting growth and survival, we evaluated the summer diets and feeding patterns (prey composition, energy density, and stomach fullness) of hatchery and wild juvenile pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha in Prince William Sound (PWS) and the northern coastal Gulf of Alaska (CGOA). Our study (1999-2004) included 2 years of low (similar to 3%), mid (similar to 5%), and high (similar to 8-9%) survival of PWS hatchery pink salmon. Because variations in diet should affect growth and ultimately survival, we expected that the variations in diet, growth, and survival would be correlated. During August in the CGOA, pteropod-dominated diets and higher gut fullness corresponded to high survival (5-9%), and copepod-dominated diets and lower gut fullness corresponded to low survival (3%). Within years, no significant differences were found in diet composition or gut fullness between hatchery and wild fish or among the four PWS hatchery stocks. Diets varied by water mass (habitat) as juveniles moved from PWS to more saline habitats in the CGOA. In July, when juveniles were most abundant in PWS, their diets were dominated by pteropods and hyperiid amphipods. The diets of fish that moved to inner-shelf (i.e., the least-saline) habitat in the CGOA in July were dominated by larvaceans in low-survival years and pteropods in high-survival years. Diet quality was higher in CGOA habitats than in PWS in July. In August, fish moved to the more productive, more saline water masses in the CGOA, where large copepods and pteropods were dominant prey and diet quality was better than in PWS. Our results indicate that spatial variation in the diets of juvenile pink salmon in July and the timing of migration to the CGOA play a critical role in marine growth and survival. C1 [Armstrong, Janet L.; Myers, Katherine W.; Beauchamp, David A.; Davis, Nancy D.; Walker, Robert V.; Boldt, Jennifer L.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Piccolo, John J.; Haldorson, Lewis J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Moss, Jamal H.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Armstrong, JL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020,1122 NE Boat St, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM janeta@u.washington.edu FU U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (GLOBEC); National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE0106139]; GLOBEC [578]; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO); University of Washington, under NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1232, 1458] FX We thank the crews of the RV Pandalus and RV Mikhail Blikshteyn for help in sample collection. We thank Mary Auburn Cooke for her assistance in stomach content analysis for 2004. We appreciated statistical advice from Loveday Conquest (School of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, University of Washington). We thank the journal editors, Ric Brodeur, and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful suggestions and significant contributions to this paper. This study is part of the U.S. Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (GLOBEC) Program, funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the National Science Foundation (NSF) grant OCE0106139, GLOBEC contribution 578. This publication was partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study o t e Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington, under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232, as contribution 1458. NR 43 TC 16 Z9 19 U1 3 U2 15 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 137 IS 5 BP 1299 EP 1316 DI 10.1577/T07-196.1 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 369OR UT WOS:000260704300004 ER PT J AU Rudershausen, PJ Williams, EH Buckel, JA Potts, JC Manooch, CS AF Rudershausen, Paul J. Williams, Erik H. Buckel, Jeffrey A. Potts, Jennifer C. Manooch, Charles S., III TI Comparison of Reef Fish Catch per Unit Effort and Total Mortality between the 1970s and 2005-2006 in Onslow Bay, North Carolina SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOUTH-ATLANTIC BIGHT; SNOWY GROUPER; GROWTH; STATES; SIZE; AGE; COMMUNITIES; NIVEATUS; SNAPPER; FLORIDA AB Stock assessments indicate many reef fish species have declined in size and abundance in the Atlantic Ocean off the southeastern coast of the United States. However, commercial fishers often state that stock assessments do not match their observations. We compared fishery-independent catch per unit effort (CPUE) and species composition data between the 1970s and 2005-2006 for reef fishes in the vicinity of Onslow Bay, North Carolina. Additionally, total mortality (Z) was estimated by means of a length-based catch-curve analysis. Effort (drops) by rod and reel focused on three sites, two inshore (30 m deep) and one offshore (125 m). The CPUE was compared between periods within each site and larger area (inshore, offshore). The CPUEs of red porgy Pagrus pagrus, vermilion snapper Rhomboplites aurorubens, black sea bass Centropristis striata, and gray trigger-fish Balistes capriscus were greater in the 1970s than in 2005-2006 at specific capture sites. Conversely, the CPUEs of red grouper Epinephelus morio, white grunt Haemulon plumieri, and bank sea bass C. ocyura were greater in 2005-2006 than in the 1970s. The CPUEs of snowy grouper E. niveatus, blueline tilefish Caulolatilus microps, and gag Mycteroperca microlepis remained steady or increased between periods. Estimates of Z for snowy grouper, blueline tilefish, red porgy, white grunt, and vermilion snapper were generally greater in 2005-2006 than in the 1970s. Apex species caught in the 1970s but not in 2005-2006 included red snapper Lutjanus campechanus, silk snapper L. vivanus, warsaw grouper E. nigritus, and speckled hind E. drummondhayi. Catch rates and composition may have differed owing to differences in captains' skills and electronics despite efforts to standardize the fishing methods between periods. Estimates of total mortality are generally inconsistent with fisher observations and agree with recent stock assessments concluding that important reef species are overfished. Altogether, our results suggest that fishing and possibly other variables have affected the abundance and mortality of major species in this fishery. C1 [Rudershausen, Paul J.; Buckel, Jeffrey A.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Zool, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. [Williams, Erik H.; Potts, Jennifer C.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Rudershausen, PJ (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Marine Sci & Technol, Dept Zool, 303 Coll Circle, Morehead City, NC 28557 USA. EM pjruders@unity.ncsu.edu FU North Carolina Fishery Resource [05-FEG-11] FX We thank anglers on the RV Onslow Bay during the 1970s, Doug Willis, Alex Ng, Anthony Ng, Andrew Flynt, and Jason Edwards for their assistance with collections. We also thank Doug Vaughan and Joseph Smith for comments on an earlier version of this manuscript. This project was funded through the North Carolina Fishery Resource Grant Program, Project 05-FEG-11. NR 36 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 20 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 137 IS 5 BP 1389 EP 1405 DI 10.1577/T07-159.1 PG 17 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 369OR UT WOS:000260704300012 ER PT J AU Johnson, SW Thedinga, JF Munk, KM AF Johnson, Scotr W. Thedinga, John F. Munk, Kristen M. TI Distribution and Use of Shallow-Water Habitats by Pacific Sand Lances in Southeastern Alaska SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID AMMODYTES-HEXAPTERUS; FISH COMMUNITIES AB The Pacific sand lance Ammodytes hexapterus is an important prey species, but little is known about its distribution and habitat use, especially among early life stages in southeastern Alaska. To address this information need, we examined the distribution and habitat use of Pacific sand lances by sampling a variety of shallow-water habitats (depth < 6 m) with a beach seine seasonally throughout southeastern Alaska from 1998 to 2006. An estimated 81,939 Pacific sand lances were captured at 31 of 49 locations and in 109 of 610 seine hauls. Total catch and percent frequency of occurrence (FO; [number of seine hauls with Pacific sand lances/total number of hauls] x 100) was greatest in summer (73,033 fish, FO = 2 1 %), followed by spring (8,857 fish, 18%) and winter (49 fish, 1%). Pacific sand lances were captured in all habitat types; total catch in spring ranged from 16 fish in understory kelp (e.g., Laminariales) to 8,525 fish in bedrock outcrops, whereas total catch in summer ranged from 5,858 fish in sand to 54,851 fish in eelgrass Zostera marina. The FO was relatively consistent among the above habitat types and ranged from 15% to 20% in spring and from 15% to 35% in summer. Pacific sand lances use a variety of shallow-water habitats for at least 4 months in spring and summer; habitat is not limited to sandy substrates for burrowing but also includes bedrock, eelgrass, and kelp as likely foraging areas. Age-1 and younger Pacific sand lances dominated our catches; size range of captured fish was 39-168 mm fork length. The importance of Pacific sand lances in the diets of other fishes, seabirds, and marine mammals justifies the need to better understand, protect, and manage habitats that are essential to Pacific sand lances. C1 [Johnson, Scotr W.; Thedinga, John F.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Munk, Kristen M.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Mark Tag & Age Lab, Age Determinat Unit, Juneau, AK 99802 USA. RP Johnson, SW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM scott.johnson@noaa.gov NR 35 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 137 IS 5 BP 1455 EP 1463 DI 10.1577/T07-194.1 PG 9 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 369OR UT WOS:000260704300017 ER PT J AU Smith, KL Jones, ML AF Smith, Katherine L. Jones, Michael L. TI Allocation of Sampling Effort to Optimize Efficiency of Watershed-Level Ichthyofaunal Inventories SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SPECIES RICHNESS; FISH COMMUNITIES; STRATEGIES; DIVERSITY; DRAINAGE AB Sampling protocols for ichthyofaunal inventories have received considerable study at the stream reach level; however, no studies have examined the optimal allocation of sampling effort for watershed-level inventories. To address this question, we used data from surveys of four Great Lakes watersheds to compare rates of species accumulation among several watershed-level scenarios of sampling effort allocation (sampling strategies). To allow for quantitative comparisons among strategies, we (1) divided each sampling site into smaller sampling units and separately recorded fish capture data at the smallest unit; (2) stratified the allocation of sampling effort throughout each watershed by stream order; and (3) recorded all sampling and travel costs (i.e., time spent on different tasks). We used a Monte Carlo simulation program to resample the data from each of the four watershed surveys and calculated rates of species accumulation. This technique allowed us to quantitatively compare sampling strategies. Using this program, we determined the optimal values for (1) the length of stream to sample at each reach; (2) the allocation of sampling effort (time) among stream order strata; and (3) the allocation of effort between seasons (spring and summer) for each of the four watersheds. On average, sampling 15, 9, and 9 stream widths per reach in first-, second-, and third-order reaches, respectively, maximized the rates of species accumulation across watersheds. Allocating 50-70% of the sampling effort to third-order strata of each watershed yielded the highest rates of species accumulation without increasing the number of species systematically missed in either the lower or upper portions of the watershed. Focusing sampling effort in only one season, either spring or summer, did not consistently increase the rates of species accumulation. Our results provide useful guidance for the design of watershed-scale ichthyofaunal surveys in Great Lakes basin watersheds. We recommend similar assessments in other regions with contrasting patterns of fish diversity. C1 [Smith, Katherine L.; Jones, Michael L.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. RP Smith, KL (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM katherine.smith@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 137 IS 5 BP 1500 EP 1506 DI 10.1577/T07-024.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 369OR UT WOS:000260704300021 ER PT J AU Pothoven, SA Ludsin, SA Hook, TO Fanslow, DL Mason, DM Collingsworth, PD Van Tassell, JJ AF Pothoven, Steven A. Ludsin, Stuart A. Hook, Tomas O. Fanslow, David L. Mason, Doran M. Collingsworth, Paris D. Van Tassell, Jason J. TI Reliability of Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis for Estimating Whole-Fish Energy Density and Percent Lipids SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TOTAL-BODY WATER; PROXIMATE COMPOSITION; ALOSA-PSEUDOHARENGUS; LAKE-MICHIGAN; NONLETHAL; ALEWIFE; SALMON; BASS AB We evaluated bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) as a nonlethal means of predicting energy density and percent lipids for three fish species: yellow perch Perca flavescens, walleye Sander vitreus, and lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis. Although models that combined BIA measures with fish wet mass provided strong predictions of total energy, total lipids, and total dry mass for whole fish, including BIA provided only slightly better predictions than using fish mass alone. Regression models that used BIA measures to directly predict the energy density or percent lipids of whole fish were generally better than those using body mass alone (based on Akaike's information criterion). However, the goodness of fit of models that used BIA measures varied widely across species and at best explained only slightly more than one-half the variation observed in fish energy density or percent lipids. Models that combined BIA measures with body mass for prediction had the strongest correlations between predicted and observed energy density or percent lipids for a validation group of fish, but there were significant biases in these predictions. For example, the models underestimated energy density and percent lipids for lipid-rich fish and overestimated energy density and percent lipids for lipid-poor fish. A comparison of observed versus predicted whole-fish energy densities and percent lipids demonstrated that models that incorporated BIA measures had lower maximum percent error than models without BIA measures in them, although the errors for the BIA models were still generally high (energy density: 15-18%; percent lipids: 82-89%). Considerable work is still required before BIA can provide reliable predictions of whole-fish energy density and percent lipids, including understanding how temperature, electrode placement, and the variation in lipid distribution within a fish affect BIA measures. C1 [Pothoven, Steven A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Ludsin, Stuart A.; Hook, Tomas O.; Fanslow, David L.; Mason, Doran M.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Hook, Tomas O.] Univ Michigan, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Collingsworth, Paris D.; Van Tassell, Jason J.] Ohio State Univ, Dept Ecol Evolut & Organismal Biol, Aquat Ecol Lab, Columbus, OH 43212 USA. RP Pothoven, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 1431 Beach St, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. EM steve.pothoven@noaa.gov RI Ludsin, Stuart/F-2925-2010; OI Ludsin, Stuart/0000-0002-3866-2216; Mason, Doran/0000-0002-6017-4243; Pothoven, Steven/0000-0002-7992-5422 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (NOAA-GLERL); NOAA-GLERL [1470] FX Thanks to those who provided assistance in the field and laboratory, including J. Breck, E. Rutherford, J. Roberts, S. Sister, C. Hand, M. Constantini, the crew of RV Laurentian, B. Sylak, J. Cudney, and A. Gascho-Landis, and the Ohio Department of Natural Resources-Division of Wildlife. This research was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (NOAA-GLERL) and is NOAA-GLERL contribution 1470. Mention of a commercial company or product does not constitute an endorsement by NOAA. NR 38 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 6 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 137 IS 5 BP 1519 EP 1529 DI 10.1577/T07-185.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 369OR UT WOS:000260704300023 ER PT J AU Guevremont, JM Guinther, GH Szemenyei, D Devlin, MT Jao, TC Jaye, C Woicik, J Fischer, DA AF Guevremont, Jeffrey M. Guinther, Gregory H. Szemenyei, Dewey Devlin, Mark T. Jao, Tze-Chi Jaye, Cherno Woicik, Joseph Fischer, Daniel A. TI Enhancement of Engine Oil Wear and Friction Control Performance Through Titanium Additive Chemistry SO TRIBOLOGY & LUBRICATION TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article CT 62nd Annual Meeting of the Society-of-Tribologists-and-Lubrication-Engineers CY MAY 06-10, 2007 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Soc Tribologists & Lubricat Engineers DE Antiwear; Friction Modifying; Titanium; Barrier Films; NEXAFS ID ANTIWEAR; OXIDE; ZDDP AB Traditionally, wear protection and friction modification by engine oil is provided by zinc dithiophosphate (ZDDP) or other phosphorus compounds. These additives provide effective wear protection and friction control on engine parts through formation of a glassy polyphosphate antiwear film. However; the deposition of Phosphorus species on automotive catalytic converters from lubricants has been known for some time to have a detrimental effect of poisoning the catalysts. To mitigate the situation, the industry has been making every effort to find ZDDP-replacement additives that are friendly to catalysts, Toward this goal we have investigated a titanium additive chemistry as a ZDDP replacement. Fully formulated engine oils incorporating this additive component have been found to be effective in reducing wear and controlling friction in a high frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR), four-ball bench wear, Sequence IIIG and Sequence IVA engine tests. Surface analysis of the tested parts by Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) have shown that Ti species have been incorporated into the wear tracks and can only be found on the wear tracks. We used synchrotron based near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) to investigate the chemical bonding mechanism of the Ti additive with the metal surface that affects the wear improvement mechanism. We postulate that Ti provides antiwear enhancement through inclusion in the metal/metal oxide structure of the ferrous surface by forming FeTiO(3) C1 [Guevremont, Jeffrey M.; Guinther, Gregory H.; Szemenyei, Dewey; Devlin, Mark T.; Jao, Tze-Chi] Afton Chem Corp, Richmond, VA USA. [Jaye, Cherno; Woicik, Joseph; Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Guevremont, JM (reprint author), Afton Chem Corp, Richmond, VA USA. NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC TRIBOLOGISTS & LUBRICATION ENGINEERS PI PARK RIDGE PA 840 BUSSE HIGHWAY, PARK RIDGE, IL 60068 USA SN 1545-858X J9 TRIBOL LUBR TECHNOL JI Tribol. Lubr. Technol. PD SEP PY 2008 VL 64 IS 9 BP 41 EP 48 PG 8 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA 381BW UT WOS:000261510800009 ER PT J AU Ahmad, F Shin, K Choi, JH Satija, SK Kim, JS Rafailovich, MH Sokolov, J AF Ahmad, Farhan Shin, Kwanwoo Choi, Jae-Hak Satija, Sushil K. Kim, Joon-Seop Rafailovich, Miriam H. Sokolov, Jon TI Determination of three characteristic regimes of weakly charged polyelectrolytes monolayers SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Scanning Probe Microscopy, Sensors and Nanostructures CY JUN 10-14, 2007 CL Jeju, SOUTH KOREA DE polyelectrolytes; LB layer; scanning probe microscopy; nanostructures ID BRUSHES; MORPHOLOGY; ADSORPTION; INTERFACE AB We have demonstrated that monolayer films of randomly charged polystyrene sulfonated acid (PSSA) can be produced by the Langmuir technique, and observed the micro-domain structures, produced by the phase separation of electrostatically charged moieties and the hydrophobic moieties. Using atomic force microscopy and Langmuir isotherm, we found three specific regimes for the polyelectrolytes with various degrees Of sulfonation (4-35%); very low charged PSSA (4-5%) in the hydrophobic regime, moderately charged PSSA (6-16%) which possessed a well-balanced nature between electrostatic and the hydrophobic interactions, and strongly amphiphilic nature of PSSA (6-16%) in the ionomer regime. Finally, we could categorize PSSA 35% in the polyelectrolyte regime, due to the dominance of the electrostatic interactions over the hydrophobic interactions. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Shin, Kwanwoo] Sogang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Shin, Kwanwoo] Sogang Univ, Interdisciplinary Program Integrated Biotechnol, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Ahmad, Farhan] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Kwangju 500712, South Korea. [Choi, Jae-Hak] KAERI, Adv Radiat Technol Inst, Jeongeup 580185, South Korea. [Satija, Sushil K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Joon-Seop] Chosun Univ, Dept Polymer Sci & Engn, Kwangju, South Korea. [Rafailovich, Miriam H.; Sokolov, Jon] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. RP Shin, K (reprint author), Sogang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 121742, South Korea. EM kshin@sogang.ac.kr RI Shin, Kwanwoo /C-4979-2012; Choi, Jae-Hak/D-6252-2013; OI Choi, Jae-Hak/0000-0002-7101-646X; Shin, Kwanwoo/0000-0002-7563-8581 NR 18 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD SEP PY 2008 VL 108 IS 10 BP 1191 EP 1195 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2008.04 PG 5 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 355SG UT WOS:000259728000041 PM 18571326 ER PT J AU Kadowaki, H Motoya, K Sato, TJ Lynn, JW Fernandez-Baca, JA Kikuchi, J AF Kadowaki, Hiroaki Motoya, Kiyoichiro Sato, Taku J. Lynn, J. W. Fernandez-Baca, J. A. Kikuchi, Jun TI Quantum phase transition in the itinerant antiferromagnet (V(0.9)Ti(0.1))(2)O(3) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID METAL-INSULATOR TRANSITIONS; FERMI-LIQUID; SPIN FLUCTUATIONS; MAGNETIC FLUCTUATIONS; NORMAL-STATE; ELECTRON; V2O3; SUPERCONDUCTIVITY; (V1-XTIX)(2)O-3; TEMPERATURE AB Quantum-critical behavior of the itinerant electron antiferromagnet (V(0.9)Ti(0.1))(2)O(3) has been studied by single-crystal neutron scattering. By directly observing antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations in the paramagnetic phase, we have shown that the characteristic energy depends on temperature as c(1) + c(2)T(3/2), where c(1) and c(2) are constants. This T(3/2) dependence demonstrates that the present strongly correlated d-electron antiferromagnet clearly shows the criticality of the spin-density-wave quantum phase transition in three space dimensions. C1 [Kadowaki, Hiroaki] Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. [Motoya, Kiyoichiro] Tokyo Univ Sci, Dept Phys, Chiba 2788510, Japan. [Sato, Taku J.] Univ Tokyo, Inst Solid State Phys, NSL, Ibaraki 3191106, Japan. [Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fernandez-Baca, J. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kikuchi, Jun] Meiji Univ, Dept Phys, Kanagawa 2148571, Japan. RP Kadowaki, H (reprint author), Tokyo Metropolitan Univ, Dept Phys, Tokyo 1920397, Japan. EM kadowaki@comp.metro-u.ac.jp RI Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/C-3984-2014; Sato, Taku/I-7664-2015 OI Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/0000-0001-9080-5096; Sato, Taku/0000-0003-2511-4998 FU US-Japan Cooperative Program on Neutron Scattering; Scientific User Facilities Division, office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy FX We acknowledge discussions with T. Moriya and Y. ;Tabata. Work on BT7 and HB1 was supported by the US-Japan Cooperative Program on Neutron Scattering. The authors are grateful for the local support staff at NIST and ORNL. The work at ORNL's High Flux Isotope Reactor was sponsored by the Scientific User Facilities Division, office of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 29 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 9 AR 096406 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.096406 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 348FG UT WOS:000259195800046 PM 18851633 ER PT J AU Marino, AM Boyer, V Pooser, RC Lett, PD Lemons, K Jones, KM AF Marino, A. M. Boyer, V. Pooser, R. C. Lett, P. D. Lemons, K. Jones, K. M. TI Delocalized correlations in twin light beams with orbital angular momentum SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PHOTONS AB We generate intensity-difference-squeezed Laguerre-Gauss twin beams of light carrying orbital angular momentum by using four-wave mixing in a hot atomic vapor. The conservation of orbital angular momentum in the four-wave mixing process is studied as well as the spatial distribution of the quantum correlations obtained with different configurations of orbital angular momentum. Intensity-difference squeezing of up to -6.7 dB is demonstrated with beams carrying orbital angular momentum. Delocalized spatial correlations between the twin beams are observed. C1 [Marino, A. M.; Lett, P. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marino, A. M.; Lett, P. D.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lemons, K.; Jones, K. M.] Williams Coll, Dept Phys, Williamstown, MA 01267 USA. RP Marino, AM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Marino, Alberto/C-7193-2013; OI Pooser, Raphael/0000-0002-2922-453X FU Intelligence Community Postdoctoral program FX R. C. P. was supported under a grant from the Intelligence Community Postdoctoral program. NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 29 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 9 AR 093602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.093602 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 348FG UT WOS:000259195800024 PM 18851611 ER PT J AU Ospelkaus, C Langer, CE Amini, JM Brown, KR Leibfried, D Wineland, DJ AF Ospelkaus, C. Langer, C. E. Amini, J. M. Brown, K. R. Leibfried, D. Wineland, D. J. TI Trapped-ion quantum logic gates based on oscillating magnetic fields SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ATOMIC IONS; STATES AB Oscillating magnetic fields and field gradients can be used to implement single-qubit rotations and entangling multiqubit quantum gates for trapped-ion quantum information processing (Q[P). With fields generated by currents in microfabricated surface-electrode traps, it should be possible to achieve gate speeds that are comparable to those of optically induced gates for realistic distances between the ion crystal and the electrode surface. Magnetic-field-mediated gates have the potential to significantly reduce the overhead in laser-beam control and motional-state initialization compared to current QIP experiments with trapped ions and will eliminate spontaneous scattering, a fundamental source of decoherence in laser-mediated gates. C1 [Ospelkaus, C.; Langer, C. E.; Amini, J. M.; Brown, K. R.; Leibfried, D.; Wineland, D. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ospelkaus, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Ospelkaus, Christian/C-3612-2009 OI Ospelkaus, Christian/0000-0002-4170-2936 FU IARPA; ONR; NIST FX We thank M. J. Biercuk and J. P. Home for helpful comments on the manuscript. We acknowledge funding by IARPA, ONR, and NIST. This Letter is a contribution of NIST, not subject to U.S. copyright. NR 25 TC 75 Z9 75 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 29 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 9 AR 090502 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.090502 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 348FG UT WOS:000259195800006 PM 18851593 ER PT J AU Risko, C Zangmeister, CD Yao, Y Marks, TJ Tour, JM Ratner, MA van Zee, RD AF Risko, Chad Zangmeister, Christopher D. Yao, Yuxing Marks, Tobin J. Tour, James M. Ratner, Mark A. van Zee, Roger D. TI Experimental and theoretical identification of valence energy levels and interface dipole trends for a family of (oligo)phenylene-ethynylenethiols adsorbed on gold SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICES; LOCALIZED ELECTRONIC INTERACTIONS; PHENYLENE ETHYNYLENE TRIMER; MOLECULE-METAL INTERFACES; CHARGE NEUTRALITY LEVEL; PI-CONJUGATED MOLECULES; AU(111) SURFACE; UV-PHOTOEMISSION AB Metal-molecule-metal junctions composed of or oganic molecular wires formed via self-assembly are of relevance in the empirical evaluation of single-molecule electronics. Key to understanding the effects of these monolayer structures on the transport through single molecules, however, is discerning how the molecular electronic levels evolve under the influence of the metal Substrate and intermolecular interactions. We present a joint experimental and computational investigation of the electronic structure and electrostatic properties of a series of self-assembled donor-and acceptor-substituted (oligo)pheneylene-ethynylenethiols (OPEs) on gold. Photoemission spectroscopy is employed to determine the energy-level alignment for these monolayers. Isolated molecule and small cluster calculations are performed to assess changes in geometry, electronic structure, and charge distribution upon chemisorption. The calculated densities of electronic states allow assignment of the higher-lying occupied states mapped by experimental photoemission data. Calculated estimates of the surface, bond dipole, and image potential energies are used to estimate contributions to the measured work function changes; good correlations between the experimental and theoretical values are found. Importantly, these results point to a dependence of the dipole contributions on the orientational order of the SAM. C1 [Risko, Chad; Marks, Tobin J.; Ratner, Mark A.] Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60332 USA. [Risko, Chad; Marks, Tobin J.; Ratner, Mark A.] Northwestern Univ, Ctr Mat Res, Evanston, IL 60332 USA. [Zangmeister, Christopher D.; van Zee, Roger D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yao, Yuxing; Tour, James M.] Rice Univ, Dept Chem, Smalley Inst Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Houston, TX 77005 USA. RP Risko, C (reprint author), Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60332 USA. EM risko@northwestern.edu RI Risko, Chad/A-9785-2014; OI Tour, James/0000-0002-8479-9328; Risko, Chad/0000-0001-9838-5233 FU NSF [MRSEC (DMR-0520513), CHE-0719420]; Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-1-0766]; Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency FX The authors are appreciative to the reviewers of this manuscript; the insight they provided greatly added to the overall quality of the manuscript. C. R. would like to thank Gemma Solomon and Maxim Sukharev for invaluable discussions and Notker Rosch for a detailed description of surface/image charge interactions. C. D. Z and R. D. V. Z Would like to acknowledge Steve Robey for insight into the photoemission measurements. The work at Northwestern was supported by the NSF through the Northwestern University MRSEC (DMR-0520513), Chemistry Division of the NSF [CHE-0719420], and by the Office of Naval Research [N00014-05-1-0766]. The work at Rice was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency and Office of Naval Research. NR 117 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 28 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 34 BP 13215 EP 13225 DI 10.1021/jp8023183 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 340GH UT WOS:000258633600027 ER PT J AU Charlton-Perez, AJ Polvani, LM Austin, J Li, F AF Charlton-Perez, A. J. Polvani, L. M. Austin, J. Li, F. TI The frequency and dynamics of stratospheric sudden warmings in the 21st century SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CLIMATE MODEL SIMULATIONS; DOUBLED CO2; PART I AB Changes to stratospheric sudden warmings (SSWs) over the coming century, as predicted by the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) chemistry climate model [Atmospheric Model With Transport and Chemistry (AMTRAC)], are investigated in detail. Two sets of integrations, each a three-member ensemble, are analyzed. The first set is driven with observed climate forcings between 1960 and 2004; the second is driven with climate forcings from a coupled model run, including trace gas concentrations representing a midrange estimate of future anthropogenic emissions between 1990 and 2099. A small positive trend in the frequency of SSWs is found. This trend, amounting to 1 event/decade over a century, is statistically significant at the 90% confidence level and is consistent over the two sets of model integrations. Comparison of the model SSW climatology between the late 20th and 21st centuries shows that the increase is largest toward the end of the winter season. In contrast, the dynamical properties are not significantly altered in the coming century, despite the increase in SSW frequency. Owing to the intrinsic complexity of our model, the direct cause of the predicted trend in SSW frequency remains an open question. C1 [Charlton-Perez, A. J.] Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. [Austin, J.; Li, F.] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Polvani, L. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Math & Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Polvani, L. M.] Columbia Univ, Dept Earth & Environm Sci, New York, NY 10027 USA. RP Charlton-Perez, AJ (reprint author), Univ Reading, Dept Meteorol, POB 243, Reading RG6 6BB, Berks, England. EM a.j.charlton@reading.ac.uk RI Charlton-Perez, Andrew/F-4079-2010; Li, Feng/H-2241-2012 OI Charlton-Perez, Andrew/0000-0001-8179-6220; FU NERC [NE/C518206/1]; US National Science Foundation; Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences postdoctoral program at Princeton University FX We thank Steven Pawson and two anonymous reviewers for insightful and helpful comments on the text. AJC-P is funded by a NERC Postdoctoral Fellowship Award NE/C518206/1. LMP is funded, in part, by the US National Science Foundation. JA's research was administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. FL was supported by the Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences postdoctoral program at Princeton University. NR 22 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D16 AR D16116 DI 10.1029/2007JD009571 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 342ZI UT WOS:000258821700005 ER PT J AU Dickinson, RE Tian, YH Liu, Q Zhou, LM AF Dickinson, Robert E. Tian, Yuhong Liu, Qing Zhou, Liming TI Dynamics of leaf area for climate and weather models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GLOBAL VEGETATION MODEL; LAND-SURFACE PHENOLOGY; FROST HARDINESS; SATELLITE DATA; MODIS; CANOPY; TEMPERATURE; TREES; PRECIPITATION; SIMULATION AB Leaf area is the most relevant scalar variable for describing the dynamics of vegetation on seasonal time scales, and hence is required as part of the land-surface component of a meteorological model. A mathematical scheme for the dynamic vegetation component of such a model is formulated and reduced to a toy model for seasonal leaf dynamics. Leaf growth is seen as a temperature-initiated instability of the ecosystem that drives it away from its state of winter dormancy; the onset of dormancy in autumn consists of cold temperatures breaking the summer-time attractor; the temperature-dependent controls are represented by a "ramp-up'' function. Results from ensemble simulations driven by a stochastic temperature model show that leaf variability statistics have a very strong seasonality, such that variability is largely confined to spring and autumn. These variability windows promote non-Gaussian and nonstationary statistics that occur when the stable attractor of one season has flipped to the stable attractor of the other season. During such periods of high variability, any dynamic vegetation model will be most unreliable without observational constraints because of its unstable trajectory. C1 [Dickinson, Robert E.; Liu, Qing; Zhou, Liming] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Tian, Yuhong] NOAA NEDIS STAR, IMSG, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Dickinson, RE (reprint author), Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, 311 Ferst Dr, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. EM robted@eas.gatech.edu RI Zhou, Liming/A-2688-2012 FU NASA [NNG04G061G, NNG04GK87G] FX This work is funded by NASA IDS grant NNG04G061G and NASA terra/aqua grant NNG04GK87G. NR 46 TC 4 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 27 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D16 AR D16115 DI 10.1029/2007JD008934 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 342ZI UT WOS:000258821700001 ER PT J AU Graham, NAJ McClanahan, TR MacNeil, MA Wilson, SK Polunin, NVC Jennings, S Chabanet, P Clark, S Spalding, MD Letourneur, Y Bigot, L Galzin, R Ohman, MC Garpe, KC Edwards, AJ Sheppard, CRC AF Graham, Nicholas A. J. McClanahan, Tim R. MacNeil, M. Aaron Wilson, Shaun K. Polunin, Nicholas V. C. Jennings, Simon Chabanet, Pascale Clark, Susan Spalding, Mark D. Letourneur, Yves Bigot, Lionel Galzin, Rene Ohman, Marcus C. Garpe, Kajsa C. Edwards, Alasdair J. Sheppard, Charles R. C. TI Climate Warming, Marine Protected Areas and the Ocean-Scale Integrity of Coral Reef Ecosystems SO PLOS ONE LA English DT Article AB Coral reefs have emerged as one of the ecosystems most vulnerable to climate variation and change. While the contribution of a warming climate to the loss of live coral cover has been well documented across large spatial and temporal scales, the associated effects on fish have not. Here, we respond to recent and repeated calls to assess the importance of local management in conserving coral reefs in the context of global climate change. Such information is important, as coral reef fish assemblages are the most species dense vertebrate communities on earth, contributing critical ecosystem functions and providing crucial ecosystem services to human societies in tropical countries. Our assessment of the impacts of the 1998 mass bleaching event on coral cover, reef structural complexity, and reef associated fishes spans 7 countries, 66 sites and 26 degrees of latitude in the Indian Ocean. Using Bayesian meta-analysis we show that changes in the size structure, diversity and trophic composition of the reef fish community have followed coral declines. Although the ocean scale integrity of these coral reef ecosystems has been lost, it is positive to see the effects are spatially variable at multiple scales, with impacts and vulnerability affected by geography but not management regime. Existing no-take marine protected areas still support high biomass of fish, however they had no positive affect on the ecosystem response to large-scale disturbance. This suggests a need for future conservation and management efforts to identify and protect regional refugia, which should be integrated into existing management frameworks and combined with policies to improve system-wide resilience to climate variation and change. C1 [Graham, Nicholas A. J.; MacNeil, M. Aaron; Wilson, Shaun K.; Polunin, Nicholas V. C.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. [McClanahan, Tim R.] Wildlife Conservat Soc, Marine Programs, Bronx, NY USA. [MacNeil, M. Aaron] NOAA, Panama City Lab, Natl Res Council, Panama City, FL USA. [Wilson, Shaun K.] James Cook Univ, ARC Ctr Excellence Coral Reef Stud, Townsville, Qld, Australia. [Jennings, Simon] Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Lowestoft Lab, Lowestoft, Suffolk, England. [Jennings, Simon] Univ E Anglia, Sch Environm Sci, Norwich, Norfolk, England. [Chabanet, Pascale] Inst Rech Dev, Noumea, New Caledonia. [Chabanet, Pascale; Bigot, Lionel] Univ La Reunion, Lab Ecol Marine ECOMAR, St Denis, France. [Clark, Susan] Bridgewater House, Manchester, Lancs, England. [Spalding, Mark D.] Nature Conservancy, Newmarket, Suffolk, England. [Letourneur, Yves] Univ Mediterranee, Ctr Oceanol Marseille, UMR CNRS, 6540 DIMAR, Marseille, France. [Galzin, Rene] Univ Perpignan, CNRS EPHE UPVD, UMR 5244, Perpignan, France. [Ohman, Marcus C.; Garpe, Kajsa C.] Stockholm Univ, Dept Zool, Stockholm, Sweden. [Edwards, Alasdair J.] Newcastle Univ, Sch Biol, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. [Sheppard, Charles R. C.] Univ Warwick, Dept Biol Sci, Coventry CV4 7AL, W Midlands, England. RP Graham, NAJ (reprint author), Newcastle Univ, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne & Wear, England. EM a.j.graham@ncl.ac.uk RI MacNeil, M Aaron/F-4680-2010; Edwards, Alasdair/C-9558-2009; LETOURNEUR, Yves/B-4387-2012; Jennings, Simon/F-5085-2012; Graham, Nicholas/C-8360-2014; MacNeil, M. Aaron/E-8196-2017; OI Edwards, Alasdair/0000-0002-2979-7389; LETOURNEUR, Yves/0000-0003-3157-1976; MacNeil, M. Aaron/0000-0001-8406-325X; McClanahan, Timothy/0000-0001-5821-3584 FU Leverhulme Trust; Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association; World Bank Targeted Research Group on Coral Bleaching; Fisheries Society of the British Isles; Eppley and Tiffany Foundations; National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada; British Overseas Development Administration (now DFID); British Foreign and Commonwealth Office FX This research was funded through grants from the Leverhulme Trust, Western Indian Ocean Marine Science Association, World Bank Targeted Research Group on Coral Bleaching, the Fisheries Society of the British Isles, the Eppley and Tiffany Foundations, the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the British Overseas Development Administration (now DFID) and the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office. NR 52 TC 118 Z9 120 U1 4 U2 132 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 1160 BATTERY STREET, STE 100, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94111 USA SN 1932-6203 J9 PLOS ONE JI PLoS One PD AUG 27 PY 2008 VL 3 IS 8 AR e3039 DI 10.1371/journal.pone.0003039 PG 9 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 427RM UT WOS:000264796400003 PM 18728776 ER PT J AU Walker, SL Baker, ET Resing, JA Chadwick, WW Lebon, GT Lupton, JE Merle, SG AF Walker, Sharon L. Baker, Edward T. Resing, Joseph A. Chadwick, William W., Jr. Lebon, Geoffrey T. Lupton, John E. Merle, Susan G. TI Eruption-fed particle plumes and volcaniclastic deposits at a submarine volcano: NW Rota-1, Mariana Arc SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID SEDIMENT GRAVITY FLOWS; SOUTHERN KERMADEC ARC; DE-FUCA RIDGE; TURBIDITY CURRENTS; AXIAL VOLCANO; PYROCLASTIC DEPOSITS; HYDROTHERMAL PLUMES; NEPHELOID LAYERS; DENSITY CURRENTS; MONTEREY-CANYON AB [1] NW Rota-1 is an active submarine volcano in the Mariana Arc with a summit depth of 517 m and an explosively erupting volcanic vent southwest of the summit at a depth of 530-560 m. During a period of ongoing explosive eruptions, particle plumes surrounded the volcano and at least 3.3 x 10(7) m(3) of volcaniclastic material was deposited on the southern flank. Particle plumes over the summit were magmatic- hydrothermal in origin characterized by (3)He enrichment, hydrothermal precipitates, and low pH values. Plumes at multiple depths below the summit surrounded the volcano and were composed overwhelmingly of fresh, glassy shards of basalt. Rare anhydrite particles were present, but there was a complete absence of other hydrothermal components in the deep plume samples. These short-lived anhydrite particles indicate the source of the deep plumes is from within or very near the eruptive vent, and the mechanism for transport down the flanks of the volcano must be far faster than settling of individual particles. The deep plumes most likely originated from sediment gravity flows generated by explosive eruptions or slope failure and landslides of unstable materials that had accumulated near the eruptive vent. Suspended sediments detach from the volcano slopes at multiple depths and are transported laterally up to tens of kilometers where they contribute to fall-out deposits in distal sediments. These observations link mechanisms for the transport of volcanic ash in the submarine environment to the types of deposits common in volcaniclastic aprons and fine ash layers in distal sediments. C1 [Walker, Sharon L.; Baker, Edward T.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Chadwick, William W., Jr.; Merle, Susan G.] Oregon State Univ, CIMRS, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Resing, Joseph A.; Lebon, Geoffrey T.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lupton, John E.] NOAA, PMEL, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Walker, SL (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM sharon.l.walker@noaa.gov FU NOAA Vents Program; NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration FX This research was supported by the NOAA Vents Program and the NOAA Office of Ocean Exploration. We thank the officers and crew of the R/V Thompson and R/V Melville for their excellent support during field operations and R. Greene for 3 He analysis. Reviews by Ian Wright and Erika McPhee-Shaw improved this manuscript. PMEL contribution 3131. NR 73 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 26 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B8 AR B08S11 DI 10.1029/2007JB005441 PG 14 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 343AG UT WOS:000258824100001 ER PT J AU Nguyen, NV Kirillov, OA Jiang, W Wang, W Suehle, JS Ye, PD Xuan, Y Goel, N Choi, KW Tsai, W Sayan, S AF Nguyen, N. V. Kirillov, Oleg A. Jiang, W. Wang, Wenyong Suehle, John S. Ye, P. D. Xuan, Y. Goel, N. Choi, K. -W. Tsai, Wilman Sayan, S. TI Band offsets of atomic-layer-deposited Al(2)O(3) on GaAs and the effects of surface treatment SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID PASSIVATION; SPECTROSCOPY; ENHANCEMENT; INTERFACES; OXIDE AB The metal gate/high-k dielectric/III-V semiconductor band alignment is one of the most technologically important parameters. We report the band offsets of the Al/Al(2)O(3)/GaAs structure and the effect of GaAs surface treatment. The energy barrier at the Al(2)O(3) and sulfur-passivated GaAs interface is found to be 3.0 +/- 0.1 eV whereas for the unpassivated or NH(4)OH-treated GaAs is 3.6 eV. At the Al/Al(2)O(3) interface, all samples yield the same barrier height of 2.9 +/- 0.2 eV. With a band gap of 6.4 +/- 0.05 eV for Al(2)O(3), the band alignments at both Al(2)O(3) interfaces are established. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Nguyen, N. V.; Kirillov, Oleg A.; Jiang, W.; Wang, Wenyong; Suehle, John S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ye, P. D.] Purdue Univ, Sch Elect & Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ye, P. D.] Purdue Univ, Birck Nanotechnol Ctr, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Xuan, Y.; Goel, N.; Choi, K. -W.; Tsai, Wilman; Sayan, S.] Intel Corp, Santa Clara, CA 95052 USA. RP Nguyen, NV (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM nhan.nguyen@nist.gov RI Kirillov, Oleg/A-4242-2009; Xuan, Yi/C-2421-2011 FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs FX Two of the authors (N.V.N. and J.S.S.) gratefully acknowledge funding from the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. NR 20 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 8 AR 082105 DI 10.1063/1.2976676 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345QR UT WOS:000259011900045 ER PT J AU Spietz, L Irwin, K Aumentado, J AF Spietz, Lafe Irwin, Kent Aumentado, Jose TI Input impedance and gain of a gigahertz amplifier using a dc superconducting quantum interference device in a quarter wave resonator SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RF AMPLIFIER; SQUID AB Due to their superior noise performance, superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) are an attractive alternative to high electron mobility transistors for constructing ultra-low-noise microwave amplifiers for cryogenic use. We describe the use of a lumped element SQUID inductively coupled to a quarter wave resonator. The resonator acts as an impedance transformer and also makes it possible to accurately measure the input impedance and intrinsic microwave characteristics of the SQUID. We present a model for input impedance and gain, compare it to the measured scattering parameters, and describe how to use the model for the systematic design of low-noise microwave amplifiers with a wide range of performance characteristics. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Spietz, Lafe; Irwin, Kent; Aumentado, Jose] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Spietz, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lafe@nist.gov RI Aumentado, Jose/C-2231-2009; OI Aumentado, Jose/0000-0001-5581-1466; Irwin, Kent/0000-0002-2998-9743 NR 12 TC 27 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 8 AR 082506 DI 10.1063/1.2970967 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345QR UT WOS:000259011900058 ER PT J AU Wen, JS Xu, GY Stock, C Gehring, PM AF Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Guangyong Stock, C. Gehring, P. M. TI Response of polar nanoregions in 68% Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-32% PbTiO3 to a [001] electric field SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-CRYSTALS; PHASE; POLARIZATION; BEHAVIOR; SCATTERING; SYSTEM AB We report neutron diffuse scattering measurements on a single crystal of 68% Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O-3-32% PbTiO3. Strong diffuse scattering is observed at low temperatures. An external field applied along the (001) direction affects the diffuse scattering in the (HK0) plane significantly, suggesting a redistribution occurs between polar nanoregions of different polarizations perpendicular to the field. By contrast, the (001) field has no effect on the diffuse scattering in the (H0L) and (0KL) zones. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Guangyong] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Wen, Jinsheng] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Stock, C.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Gehring, P. M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wen, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Condensed Matter Phys & Mat Sci Dept, Upton, NY 11973 USA. EM jwen@bnl.gov RI Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; OI Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; Gehring, Peter/0000-0002-9236-2046 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886] FX We would like to thank Y. Chen and W. Ratcliff for stimulating discussions. The work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 25 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 8 AR 082901 DI 10.1063/1.2959077 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345QR UT WOS:000259011900061 ER PT J AU Kirkpatrick, B Currier, R Nierenberg, K Reich, A Backer, LC Stumpf, R Fleming, L Kirkpatrick, G AF Kirkpatrick, Barbara Currier, Robert Nierenberg, Kate Reich, Andrew Backer, Lorraine C. Stumpf, Richard Fleming, Lora Kirkpatrick, Gary TI Florida red tide and human health: A pilot beach conditions reporting system to minimize human exposure SO SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE asthma; Florida red tide; harmful algal blooms; ocean observing systems; beach conditions; Karenia brevis ID AEROSOLIZED BREVETOXINS; TOXINS BREVETOXINS; ASTHMA; POPULATION; EVENTS AB With over 50% of the US population living in coastal counties, the ocean and coastal environments have substantial impacts on coastal communities. While many of the impacts are positive, such as tourism and recreation opportunities, there are also negative impacts, such as exposure to harmful algal blooms (HABs) and water borne pathogens. Recent advances in environmental monitoring and weather prediction may allow us to forecast these potential adverse effects and thus mitigate the negative impact from coastal environmental threats. One example of the need to mitigate adverse environmental impacts occurs on Florida's west coast, which experiences annual blooms, or periods of exuberant growth, of the toxic dinoflagellate, Karenia brevis. K. brevis produces a suite of potent neurotoxins called brevetoxins. Wind and wave action can break up the cells, releasing toxin that can then become part of the marine aerosol or sea spray. Brevetoxins in the aerosol cause respiratory irritation in people who inhale it. In addition, asthmatics who inhale the toxins report increase upper and lower airway symptoms and experience measurable changes in pulmonary function. Real-time reporting of the presence or absence of these toxic aerosols will allow asthmatics and local coastal residents to make informed decisions about their personal exposures, thus adding to their quality of life. A system to protect public health that combines information collected by an Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) has been designed and implemented in Sarasota and Manatee Counties, Florida. This system is based on real-time reports from lifeguards at the eight public beaches. The lifeguards provide periodic subjective reports of the amount of dead fish on the beach, apparent level of respiratory irritation among beach-goers, water color, wind direction, surf condition, and the beach warning flag they are flying. A key component in the design of the observing system was an easy reporting pathway for the lifeguards to minimize the amount of time away from their primary duties. Specifically, we provided a Personal Digital Assistant for each of the eight beaches. The portable unit allows the lifeguards to report from their guard tower. The data are transferred via wireless Internet to a website hosted on the Mote Marine Laboratory Sarasota Operations of the Coastal Ocean Observation Laboratories (SO COOL) server. The system has proven to be robust and well received by the public. The system has reported variability from beach to beach and has provided vital information to users to minimize their exposure to toxic marine aerosols. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kirkpatrick, Barbara; Currier, Robert; Nierenberg, Kate; Kirkpatrick, Gary] Mote Marine Lab, Sarasota, FL 32436 USA. [Reich, Andrew] Florida Dept Hlth, Tallahassee, FL 32399 USA. [Backer, Lorraine C.] Ctr Dis Control & Prevent, Natl Ctr Environm Hlth, Atlanta, GA 30341 USA. [Stumpf, Richard] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20920 USA. [Fleming, Lora] Univ Miami, NSF, NIEHS, Oceans & Human Hlth Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Kirkpatrick, B (reprint author), Mote Marine Lab, Environm Hlth Program, 1600 Ken Thompson Pkwy, Sarasota, FL 33236 USA. EM bkirkpat@mote.org FU NIEHS NIH HHS [P01 ES010594, P50 ES012736, P50 ES012736-05, P01 ES010594-08, P01 ES 10594]; PHS HHS [U50/CCU423360-02] NR 19 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0048-9697 J9 SCI TOTAL ENVIRON JI Sci. Total Environ. PD AUG 25 PY 2008 VL 402 IS 1 BP 1 EP 8 DI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.03.032 PG 8 WC Environmental Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 331KJ UT WOS:000258010800001 PM 18501955 ER PT J AU Leduc, RG Robertson, KM Pitman, RL AF LeDuc, Richard G. Robertson, Kelly M. Pitman, Robert L. TI Mitochondrial sequence divergence among Antarctic killer whale ecotypes is consistent with multiple species SO BIOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Antarctica; killer whale; Orcinus orca; phylogenetics ID SP N. CETACEA AB Recently, three visually distinct forms of killer whales (Orcinus orca) were described from Antarctic waters and designated as types A, B and C. Based on consistent differences in prey selection and habitat preferences, morphological divergence and apparent lack of interbreeding among these broadly sympatric forms, it was suggested that they may represent separate species. To evaluate this hypothesis, we compared complete sequences of the mitochondrial control region from 81 Antarctic killer whale samples, including 9 type A, 18 type B, 47 type C and 7 type-undetermined individuals. We found three fixed differences that separated type A from B and C, and a single fixed difference that separated type C from A and B. These results are consistent with reproductive isolation among the different forms, although caution is needed in drawing further conclusions. Despite dramatic differences in morphology and ecology, the relatively low levels of sequence divergence in Antarctic killer whales indicate that these evolutionary changes occurred relatively rapidly and recently. C1 [LeDuc, Richard G.; Robertson, Kelly M.; Pitman, Robert L.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Leduc, RG (reprint author), SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 8604 La Jolla Shores Dr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. EM rick.leduc@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 28 Z9 33 U1 3 U2 44 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 1744-9561 J9 BIOL LETTERS JI Biol. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 426 EP 429 DI 10.1098/rsbl.2008.0168 PG 4 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 322TR UT WOS:000257398700030 PM 18524738 ER PT J AU Lee, SK Enfield, DB Wang, C AF Lee, Sang-Ki Enfield, David B. Wang, Chunzai TI Why do some El Ninos have no impact on tropical North Atlantic SST? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID VARIABILITY; ENSO AB Warming of the Tropical North Atlantic (TNA) in boreal spring and early summer (April-June) following El Nino peaks in boreal winter is a well-known phenomenon that involves formation of the so-called atmospheric bridge ( or teleconnection) from the Pacific. However, the existence of an El Nino in boreal winter does not guarantee a warm TNA in the following April-June (AMJ): for sixteen observed El Nino events that occurred during 1950-2005, the TNA ( AMJ) remained neutral in six of them. A careful examination of the sixteen El Nino events leads to a hypothesis that if an El Nino ends before April, the TNA remains neutral. Here, we test this working hypothesis by performing multiple sets of ensemble model experiments using the NCAR atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a slab mixed layer ocean model. Analysis of the model experiments indicates that January-March (JFM) are the crucial months for the El Nino-induced warming of TNA. Therefore, if an El Nino does not continue throughout JFM, the atmospheric bridge connecting the tropical Pacific to the TNA is not persistent enough to force the TNA, thus the TNA remains neutral. Finally, our model experiments indicate even if an El Nino continues beyond JFM, the El Nino-induced warming of TNA in AMJ can be greatly reduced by Atlantic internal variability, and vice versa. C1 [Lee, Sang-Ki; Enfield, David B.; Wang, Chunzai] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lee, Sang-Ki] Univ Miami, Cooperat Inst Marine & Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL USA. RP Lee, SK (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sang-ki.lee@noaa.gov RI Wang, Chunzai /C-9712-2009; Lee, Sang-Ki/A-5703-2011; Enfield, David/I-2112-2013 OI Wang, Chunzai /0000-0002-7611-0308; Lee, Sang-Ki/0000-0002-4047-3545; Enfield, David/0000-0001-8107-5079 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX We would like to thank S.-I. Shin, B. Mapes, B. Kirtman and anonymous reviewers for helpful comments and suggestions. This work was supported by a grant from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Climate Program Office. The findings and conclusions in this report do not necessarily represent the views of the funding agency. NR 7 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 23 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 16 AR L16705 DI 10.1029/2008GL034734 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 340KZ UT WOS:000258645800004 ER PT J AU Luhr, H Rother, M Hausler, K Alken, P Maus, S AF Luehr, H. Rother, M. Haeusler, K. Alken, P. Maus, S. TI The influence of nonmigrating tides on the longitudinal variation of the equatorial electrojet SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID SATELLITE-OBSERVATIONS; FIELD AB The climatological model of the equatorial electrojet, EEJM-1, derived from Orsted, CHAMP and SAC-C satellite measurements provides the opportunity to investigate the longitudinal variation of the current strength in detail. Special emphasis is put in this study on the effect of nonmigrating tides. We have found that the influence of the diurnal eastward-propagating mode with wavenumber-3, DE3, is particularly strong. In polar orbiting satellite observations the DE3 tidal signal appears as a four-peaked longitudinal structure. We have put special emphasis in our analysis to isolate the DE3 contribution from other sources contributing to the wavenumber-4 structure in satellite data. The amplitude of the DE3 signature in the EEJ not only peaks during equinox seasons, but is also strong around the June solstice. When looking at the modulation of the EEJ intensity the DE3 accounts for about 25% during the months of April through September. It is thus the dominant cause for longitudinal variations. During December solstice months the influence of DE3 is negligible. A secondary three-peaked longitudinal pattern emerges during solstice seasons when the DE3 influence is removed. From the data available it is, however, not clear whether this pattern is related to any tidal drivers. C1 [Luehr, H.; Haeusler, K.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. [Maus, S.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Alken, P.; Maus, S.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Luhr, H (reprint author), Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. EM hluehr@gfz-potsdam.de FU DFG Priority Program CAWSES [SPP1176] FX We thank J. Oberheide for fruitful discussions about nonmigrating tides. One of the authors (KH) is supported by the DFG Priority Program CAWSES, SPP1176. NR 20 TC 70 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A8 AR A08313 DI 10.1029/2008JA013064 PG 8 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 340MV UT WOS:000258650600005 ER PT J AU Sharma, M Babcock, E Andersen, KH Barron-Palos, L Becker, M Boag, S Chen, WC Chupp, TE Danagoulian, A Gentile, TR Klein, A Penttila, S Petoukhov, A Soldner, T Tardiff, ER Walker, TG Wilburn, WS AF Sharma, M. Babcock, E. Andersen, K. H. Barron-Palos, L. Becker, M. Boag, S. Chen, W. C. Chupp, T. E. Danagoulian, A. Gentile, T. R. Klein, A. Penttila, S. Petoukhov, A. Soldner, T. Tardiff, E. R. Walker, T. G. Wilburn, W. S. TI Neutron beam effects on spin-exchange-polarized (3)He SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID HIGH-DENSITY; TARGETS; FILTER; VAPOR; RB AB We have observed depolarization effects when high intensity cold neutron beams are incident on alkali-metal spin-exchange-polarized (3)He cells used as neutron spin filters. This was first observed as a reduction of the maximum attainable (3)He polarization and was attributed to a decrease of alkali-metal polarization, which led us to directly measure alkali-metal polarization and spin relaxation over a range of neutron fluxes at Los Alamos Neutron Science Center and Institute Laue-Langevin. The data reveal a new alkali-metal spin-relaxation mechanism that approximately scales as root phi(n), where phi(n) is the neutron capture-flux density incident on the cell. This is consistent with an effect proportional to the concentration of electron-ion pairs but is much larger than expected from earlier work. C1 [Sharma, M.; Chupp, T. E.; Tardiff, E. R.] Univ Michigan, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Sharma, M.; Chupp, T. E.; Tardiff, E. R.] Univ Michigan, Dept Phys, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. [Babcock, E.; Andersen, K. H.; Becker, M.; Petoukhov, A.; Soldner, T.] Inst Laue Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Barron-Palos, L.] Arizona State Univ, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Barron-Palos, L.] Univ Nacl Autonoma Mexico, Mexico City 04510, DF, Mexico. [Becker, M.] Univ Heidelberg, Inst Phys, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany. [Boag, S.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Chen, W. C.; Gentile, T. R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Danagoulian, A.; Klein, A.; Wilburn, W. S.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Penttila, S.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Walker, T. G.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Sharma, M (reprint author), Univ Michigan, FOCUS Ctr, Ann Arbor, MI 48104 USA. RI Babcock, Earl/E-6700-2011; Walker, Thad/N-5590-2014 OI Babcock, Earl/0000-0002-4215-2075; Walker, Thad/0000-0002-0996-3351 FU U. S. National Science Foundation; NMI3 FX This work was supported by the U. S. National Science Foundation, the Department of Energy, the ILL Millennium Program, and the NMI3. We gratefully acknowledge the efforts of the entire NPDGamma Collaboration in developing the apparatus used to provide the data shown in Fig. 1, and we gratefully acknowledge the technical assistance of the ILL 3He group. NR 26 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 22 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 8 AR 083002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.083002 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 340KD UT WOS:000258643600019 PM 18764610 ER PT J AU Roberts, JM Osthoff, HD Brown, SS Ravishankara, AR AF Roberts, James M. Osthoff, Hans D. Brown, Steven S. Ravishankara, A. R. TI N2O5 oxidizes chloride to Cl-2 in acidic atmospheric aerosol SO SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID GASEOUS N2O5; NACL; CHEMISTRY; CLNO2 C1 [Roberts, James M.; Osthoff, Hans D.; Brown, Steven S.; Ravishankara, A. R.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Osthoff, Hans D.] NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Osthoff, Hans D.; Ravishankara, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Roberts, JM (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.M.Roberts@noaa.gov RI Roberts, James/A-1082-2009; Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; OI Roberts, James/0000-0002-8485-8172; Osthoff, Hans/0000-0001-7155-6493 FU NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program; NOAA's Climate Goal FX This work was supported in part by the NOAA's Health of the Atmosphere Program and NOAA's Climate Goal. NR 11 TC 48 Z9 49 U1 6 U2 47 PU AMER ASSOC ADVANCEMENT SCIENCE PI WASHINGTON PA 1200 NEW YORK AVE, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA SN 0036-8075 J9 SCIENCE JI Science PD AUG 22 PY 2008 VL 321 IS 5892 BP 1059 EP 1059 DI 10.1126/science.1158777 PG 1 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 339RL UT WOS:000258594900030 PM 18599742 ER PT J AU Jain, S Eischeid, JK AF Jain, Shaleen Eischeid, Jon K. TI What a difference a century makes: Understanding the changing hydrologic regime and storage requirements in the Upper Colorado River basin SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID WESTERN UNITED-STATES; STREAMFLOW; RELIABILITY AB The changing hydrologic regime of the Upper Colorado River Basin presents a daunting challenge for water resources management. A major source of concern is that of ascertaining the nature of runoff variability and recalibrating the systemic management and planning based on a more reliable envelope of water supply variations to meet societal needs. In this letter, we examine the long-term variability and change in the Upper Colorado annual runoff volume - quantified as shifts in the mean, interannual variability, and persistence - in a recent tree-ring based reconstruction extending back to 762AD. A simple model for reservoir storage requirement shows sensitivity to the changing hydrologic regime, with episodes of abrupt shifts toward significantly higher storage requirements, often not readily evident in runoff statistics. The results also suggest that benchmarking of climate models for regional water resources assessment should focus on the runoff statistics that are most relevant for storage requirement computations. C1 [Jain, Shaleen] Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Eischeid, Jon K.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Jain, S (reprint author), Univ Maine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Orono, ME 04469 USA. EM shaleen.jain@maine.edu RI Jain, Shaleen/B-2923-2011 OI Jain, Shaleen/0000-0003-1792-4421 FU National Science Foundation [0732309] FX This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant 0732309. The authors thank the two reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. NR 14 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 21 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 16 AR L16401 DI 10.1029/2008GL034715 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 340KW UT WOS:000258645500003 ER PT J AU Schneider, H Vogelhuber, KM Schinle, F Stanton, JF Weber, JM AF Schneider, Holger Vogelhuber, Kristen M. Schinle, Florian Stanton, John F. Weber, J. Mathias TI Vibrational spectroscopy of nitroalkane chains using electron autodetachment and Ar predissociation SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INFRARED PHOTODISSOCIATION SPECTROSCOPY; GAUSSIAN-BASIS SETS; GAS-PHASE; ENERGY REDISTRIBUTION; TERMINAL ACETYLENES; ARGON PREDISSOCIATION; POLYATOMIC-MOLECULES; LIQUID NITROMETHANE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; DILUTE-SOLUTIONS AB If the binding energy of an excess electron is lower than some of the vibrational levels of its host anion, vibrational excitation can lead to autodetachment. We use excitation of CH stretching modes in nitroalkane anions (2700-3000 cm(-1)), where the excess electron is localized predominantly on the NO2 group. We present data on nitroalkane anions of various chain lengths, showing that this technique is a valid approach to the vibrational spectroscopy of such systems extending to nitroalkane anions at least the size of nitropentane. We compare spectra taken by using vibrational autodetachment with spectra obtained by monitoring Ar evaporation from Ar solvated nitroalkane anions. The spectra of nitromethane and nitroethane are assigned on the basis of ab initio calculations with a detailed analysis of Fermi resonances of CH stretching fundamentals with overtones and combination bands of HCH bending modes. C1 [Schneider, Holger; Vogelhuber, Kristen M.; Schinle, Florian; Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Schneider, Holger; Vogelhuber, Kristen M.; Schinle, Florian; Weber, J. Mathias] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stanton, John F.] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Chem & Biochem, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu RI Vogelhuber, Kristen/L-9569-2013; Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009 OI Vogelhuber, Kristen/0000-0002-8439-4013; Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886 FU Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Division of the National Science Foundation [PHY-0551010]; American Chemical Society; National Science Foundation [CHE-0710146]; Division of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy [DE-FG02-07ER15884] FX We thank Professor Kit H. Bowen for providing us with a photoelectron spectrum of nitroethane prior to publication. We also thank Professor G. Barney Ellison for helpful discussions. We acknowledge support from the Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics Division of the National Science Foundation through the JILA Physics Frontier Center (NSF Grant PHY-0551010) and from the donors of the Petroleum Research Fund of the American Chemical Society. J.F.S. acknowledges financial support from the National Science Foundation (CHE-0710146) and the Division of Basic Energy Sciences, US Department of Energy (DE-FG02-07ER15884). Michael Harding (Mainz) is thanked for performing some calculations. NR 80 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD AUG 21 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 33 BP 7498 EP 7506 DI 10.1021/jp800124s PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 337NP UT WOS:000258443100003 PM 18661964 ER PT J AU Bergeron, DE Coskuner, O Hudgens, JW Gonzalez, CA AF Bergeron, Denis E. Coskuner, Orkid Hudgens, Jeffrey W. Gonzalez, Carlos A. TI Ligand exchange reactions in the formation of diphosphine-protected gold clusters SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID ELECTROSPRAY MASS-SPECTROMETRY; THEORETICAL CHEMISTRY; NANOPARTICLES; DISSOCIATION; WATER AB Ligand exchange reactions important in the formation of L-3- and L-5-protected gold clusters (L-3 = 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane; L-5 = 1,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)pentane) are investigated at the molecular level. We establish that molecular complexes, [Au(PPh3)(x)L-2-x('')](+), in which Au+ is bound to at least one triphenylphosphine ligand (PPh3) act as precursors to cluster formation, while complexes in which Au+ is bound only to the diphosphine ligands do not. Ligand exchange reactions and ion equilibria were studied via electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and a critical reaction was studied with ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. The displacement of one PPh3 by L-3 on [Au(PPh3)(2)](+) was studied with transition path sampling calculations with Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations. The experiments and simulations are in excellent agreement, and we demonstrate the applicability of these tools to chemical reactions involving ligand exchange. C1 [Bergeron, Denis E.; Coskuner, Orkid; Hudgens, Jeffrey W.; Gonzalez, Carlos A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Coskuner, Orkid] George Mason Univ, Computat Mat Sci Ctr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. RP Bergeron, DE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Bergeron, Denis/I-4332-2013 OI Bergeron, Denis/0000-0003-1150-7950 NR 32 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 21 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 33 BP 12808 EP 12814 DI 10.1021/jp804046e PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 337NO UT WOS:000258443000034 ER PT J AU Smith, BL Ott, LS Bruno, TJ AF Smith, Beverly L. Ott, Lisa S. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Composition-explicit distillation curves of commercial biodiesel fuels: Comparison of petroleum-derived fuel with B20 and B100 SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID EXHAUST EMISSIONS; AVIATION FUEL; DIESEL-ENGINE; IMPROVEMENTS; BLENDS; MODEL; S-8; CUT AB We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. The modifications provide for (1) a composition-explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis), (2) temperature measurements that are true thermodynamic state points that can be modeled with an equation of state, (3) temperature, volume, and pressure measurements of low uncertainty suitable for equation-of-state development, (4) consistency with a century of historical data, (5) an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, (6) trace chemical analysis of each distillate fraction, and (7) corrosivity assessment of each distillate fraction. The composition-explicit channel is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to the measurement of rocket propellant, gasolines, jet fuels, diesel fuels, and crude oils. In this paper, we present the application of the technique to representative batches of commercially available biodiesel fuels sold as B20 and B100. The distillation curve data that are presented are of sufficiently low uncertainty that they can be used for thermodynamic modeling of these complex fluids. Moreover, we present not only the distillation curves but also a chemical characterization of the 0.025, 10, 50, and 80% fractions and discuss the contrasts among the various mixtures. C1 [Smith, Beverly L.; Ott, Lisa S.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov RI Ye, Peng/E-2742-2010 FU NIST FX One of us (B.L.S.) acknowledges a Professional Research Experiences Program (PREP) undergraduate fellowship at NIST. One of us (L.S.O.) acknowledges an NAS/NRC postdoctoral associateship at NIST. NR 30 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 16 BP 5832 EP 5840 DI 10.1021/ie800367b PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 336XO UT WOS:000258400300007 ER PT J AU Fox, DM Gilman, JW Morgan, AB Shields, JR Maupin, PH Lyon, RE De Long, HC Trulove, PC AF Fox, Douglas M. Gilman, Jeffrey W. Morgan, Alexander B. Shields, John R. Maupin, Paul H. Lyon, Richard E. De Long, Hugh C. Trulove, Paul C. TI Flammability and thermal analysis characterization of imidazolium-based ionic liquids SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID TRIALKYLIMIDAZOLIUM SALTS; RHODIUM COMPLEXES; HYDROGENATION; DEGRADATION; CATALYSIS AB Room-temperature ionic liquids have been identified as nonvolatile, nonflammable compounds with a wide range of applications. However, numerous thermal studies have identified volatile decomposition products and a source for fuel, raising questions regarding the fire hazard of ionic liquids. To address these questions, the flammability properties of imidazolium-based ionic liquids have been measured using cone calorimetry and microscale combustion calorimetry. The combustion data are compared to flashpoints estimated from thermal gravimetric analysis data. The resulting flammability properties of ionic liquids are comparable to aliphatic hydrocarbon plastics (polyethylene and polyamide) and lower than high boiling organic solvents (ethyl lactate and dimethyl sulfoxide). Several structure-property relationships are observed, including alkyl chain length and anion type. C1 [Fox, Douglas M.] American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. [Gilman, Jeffrey W.; Shields, John R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Morgan, Alexander B.] Univ Dayton, Res Inst, Dayton, OH 45469 USA. [Maupin, Paul H.] US DOE, Off Basic Energy Sci, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. [De Long, Hugh C.] USAF, Off Sci Res, Arlington, VA 22203 USA. [Lyon, Richard E.] FAA, Atlantic City, NJ 08405 USA. [Trulove, Paul C.] USN Acad, Dept Chem, Annapolis, MD 21402 USA. RP Fox, DM (reprint author), American Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20016 USA. EM dfox@american.edu RI Morgan, Alexander/A-9672-2009 FU Air Force Office of Scientific Research [F1ATA06300J001]; Federal Aviation Administration [ISSA-DTFA0003-92-Z-0018] FX We would like to thank the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (F1ATA06300J001) and the Federal Aviation Administration (ISSA-DTFA0003-92-Z-0018) for partial funding of this work. NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 5 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD AUG 20 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 16 BP 6327 EP 6332 DI 10.1021/ie800665u PG 6 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 336XO UT WOS:000258400300061 ER PT J AU Stoddard, RA DeLong, RL Byrne, BA Jang, S Gulland, FMD AF Stoddard, R. A. DeLong, R. L. Byrne, B. A. Jang, S. Gulland, Frances M. D. TI Prevalence and characterization of Salmonella spp. among marine animals in the Channel Islands, California SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE Salmonella enterica; Channel Islands; California sea lions; northern elephant seals; western gulls; marine animals ID FIELD GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; CAMPYLOBACTER SPP.; UNITED-STATES; SEROTYPES; BACTERIAL; PATTERNS; LIONS; RESISTANCE AB Salmonella enterica is a zoonotic pathogen that has been isolated from free-ranging marine mammals throughout the world, with animals in the Channel Islands of California (USA) showing the highest prevalence. The goal of this study was to determine prevalence, antimicrobial sensitivity and genetic similarity using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of Salmonella in several non-domestic animal species on San Miguel and San Nicolas Islands. Fecal samples were collected from 90 California sea lion Zalophus californianus pups, 30 northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris pups and 87 western gulls Larus occidentalis in the Channel Islands and 59 adult male sea lions in Puget Sound, WA (USA). Salmonella were isolated, identified and serotyped, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and PFGE. Of the California sea lion pups that were sampled on the islands, 21% (n = 19) were positive for Salmonella, whereas no adults males in Puget Sound were positive. Of the northern elephant seal pups sampled, 87% (n = 26) were harboring Salmonella. Only 9% (n = 8) of western gulls were shedding Salmonella, with one of these gulls harboring the only antimicrobial resistant isolate. The serotypes found in these animals were Enteritidis, Montevideo, Newport, Reading, and Saint Paul. The only serotype that showed variation on PFGE was Newport. The pinnipeds of the Channel Islands harbor Salmonella at a higher prevalence than pinnipeds from other geographic areas observed in previous studies. Researchers and veterinarians should exercise increased caution when working with these animals due to the zoonotic potential of Salmonella. C1 [Stoddard, R. A.; Gulland, Frances M. D.] Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Stoddard, R. A.; Byrne, B. A.; Jang, S.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Dept Pathol Microbiol & Immunol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [DeLong, R. L.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Stoddard, RA (reprint author), Marine Mammal Ctr, 1065 Ft Cronkhite, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. EM stoddardr@tmmc.org FU West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH) [23] FX This publication was supported by the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH) as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, WCCOHH Publication No. 23. We thank R. K. Jenkinson, A. Gemmer and T. Goldstein for assistance in sampling animals and the staff of the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital at the University of California, Davis, for their assistance. NR 25 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 9 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG 19 PY 2008 VL 81 IS 1 BP 5 EP 11 DI 10.3354/dao01905 PG 7 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 348JU UT WOS:000259207600002 PM 18828559 ER PT J AU Bogomolni, AL Gast, RJ Ellis, JC Dennett, M Pugliares, KR Lentell, BJ Moore, MJ AF Bogomolni, Andrea L. Gast, Rebecca J. Ellis, Julie C. Dennett, Mark Pugliares, Katie R. Lentell, Betty J. Moore, Michael J. TI Victims or vectors: a survey of marine vertebrate zoonoses from coastal waters of the Northwest Atlantic SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Review DE zoonosis; vertebrate; northwest Atlantic; pinniped; cetacean; bird ID BRUCELLA SP INFECTION; LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; WEST NILE VIRUS; HARBOR SEALS; ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANCE; REHABILITATION CENTERS; INFLUENZA-VIRUSES AB Surveillance of zoonotic pathogens in marine birds and mammals in the Northwest Atlantic revealed a diversity of zoonotic agents. We found amplicons to sequences from Brucella spp., Leptospira spp., Giardia spp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in both marine mammals and birds. Avian influenza was detected in a harp seal and a herring gull. Routine aerobic and anaerobic culture showed a broad range of bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics. Of 1460 isolates, 797 were tested for resistance, and 468 were resistant to one or more anti-microbials. 73% (341/468) were resistant to 1-4 drugs and 27% (128/468) resistant to 5-13 drugs. The high prevalence of resistance suggests that many of these isolates could have been acquired from medical and agricultural sources and inter-microbial gene transfer. Combining birds and mammals, 45% (63/141) of stranded and 8% (2/26) of by-caught animals in this study exhibited histopathological and/or gross pathological findings associated with the presence of these pathogens. Our findings indicate that marine mammals and birds in the Northwest Atlantic are reservoirs for potentially zoonotic pathogens, which they may transmit to beachgoers, fishermen and wildlife health personnel. Conversely, zoonotic pathogens found in marine vertebrates may have been acquired via contamination of coastal waters by sewage, run-off and agricultural and medical waste. In either case these animals are not limited by political boundaries and are therefore important indicators of regional and global ocean health. C1 [Bogomolni, Andrea L.; Gast, Rebecca J.; Dennett, Mark; Moore, Michael J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ellis, Julie C.] Tufts Univ, Cummings Sch Vet Med, North Grafton, MA 01536 USA. [Pugliares, Katie R.] Project IFAW, Cape Cod Stranding Network, Yarmouth Port, MA 02675 USA. [Lentell, Betty J.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Observer Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Moore, MJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mmoore@whoi.edu RI Moore, Michael/E-1707-2015 OI Moore, Michael/0000-0003-3074-6631 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Ocean Program [NA05NOS4781247]; NOAA [NA05NMF4391165, NAO6NMF4390130]; International Fund for Animal Welfare; NSF [OCE-0430724]; NIEHS [P50ES012742]; US Fish and Wildlife Service [salvage-027.04SAL, IUCAC- MB804639-0, IUCAC- G87207]; NMFS [775-4600-10] FX This paper is a result of research funded by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Coastal Ocean Program under award NA05NOS4781247, the NOAA John H. Prescott Program NA05NMF4391165 and NAO6NMF4390130, and the International Fund for Animal Welfare to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Support was also provided by awards NSF OCE-0430724 and NIEHS P50ES012742 to the Woods Hole Center I or Ocean and Human Health. Research was conducted in compliance with a US Fish and Wildlife Service special purpose salvage permit, Massachusetts state permit to salvage-027.04SAL, IUCAC-# MB804639-0, IUCAC-# G87207 and NMFS Permit No. 775-4600-10. The authors are grateful to NOAA NEFSC Protected Species and Observer Program, B. Hayward, and the many observers and captains for collection of fishery by-caught animals; R. Cook, National Park Service; Cape Cod Commercial Hook Fishermen's Association; B. Harris, Massachusetts Audubon Coastal Bird Program; Massachusetts Audubon, Wellfleet; L. Dunn, R. Rolland, G. Skomal, K. Ampela, C. Blachly, D. Rotstein, M. Garner and H. Ip; R. Mauck and N. Wheelwright, Kent Island field station (Bowdoin College); and Shoals Marine Laboratory. The authors are also grateful to S. Frasca, 1. Sidor and the Bay Paul Center for Comparative Molecular Biology and Evolution at the Marine Biological Laboratory (MBL) for providing genomic DNA from Leptospira, Brucella, and Giardia. NR 103 TC 42 Z9 44 U1 7 U2 36 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG 19 PY 2008 VL 81 IS 1 BP 13 EP 38 DI 10.3354/dao01936 PG 26 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 348JU UT WOS:000259207600003 PM 18828560 ER PT J AU Hunt, TD Ziccardi, MH Gulland, FMD Yochem, PK Hird, DW Rowles, T Mazet, JAK AF Hunt, Tania D. Ziccardi, Michael H. Gulland, Frances M. D. Yochem, Pamela K. Hird, David W. Rowles, Teresa Mazet, Jonna A. K. TI Health risks for marine mammal workers SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE marine mammal; disease; zoonoses; occupational hazards; seal finger ID DOLPHINS TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; BOTTLE-NOSED-DOLPHIN; SEAL FINGER; INFECTION; DISEASE; TETRACYCLINE; OUTBREAK; VIRUS; WHALE; BITE AB Marine mammals can be infected with zoonotic pathogens and show clinical signs of disease, or be asymptomatic carriers of such disease agents. While isolated cases of human disease from contact with marine mammals have been reported, no evaluation of the risks associated with marine mammal work has been attempted. Therefore, we designed a survey to estimate the risk of work-related injuries and illnesses in marine mammal workers and volunteers. The 17-question survey asked respondents to describe their contact with marine mammals, injuries sustained, and/or illnesses acquired during their period of marine mammal exposure. Most respondents, 88 % (423/483), were researchers and rehabilitators. Of all respondents, 50% (243/483) reported suffering an injury caused by a marine mammal, and 23 % (110/483) reported having a skin rash or reaction. Marine mammal work-related illnesses commonly reported included: 'seal finger' (Mycoplasma spp. or Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae), conjunctivitis, viral dermatitis, bacterial dermatitis, and non-specific contact dermatitis. Although specific diagnoses could not be confirmed by a physician through this study, severe illnesses were reported and included tuberculosis, leptospirosis, brucellosis, and serious sequelae to seal finger. Risk factors associated with increased odds of injury and illness included prolonged and frequent exposure to marine mammals; direct contact with live marine mammals; and contact with tissue, blood, and excretions. Diagnosis of zoonotic disease was often aided by veterinarians; therefore, workers at risk should be encouraged to consult with a marine mammal veterinarian as well as a physician, especially if obtaining a definitive diagnosis for an illness becomes problematic. C1 [Hunt, Tania D.; Ziccardi, Michael H.; Hird, David W.; Mazet, Jonna A. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Gulland, Frances M. D.] Golden Gate Natl Recreat Area, Marine Mammal Ctr, Sausalito, CA 94965 USA. [Yochem, Pamela K.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Rowles, Teresa] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Off Protected Resources F PR2, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Hird, David W.; Mazet, Jonna A. K.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Med & Epidemiol, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Mazet, JAK (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Sch Vet Med, Wildlife Hlth Ctr, 1 Shields Ave, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM jkmazet@ucdavis.edu RI Mazet, Jonna/B-4811-2012 FU United States Marine Mammal Commission [K005486-01] FX This study was funded by the United States Marine Mammal Commission through research agreement number K005486-01. The authors thank T. J. Ragen and R. H. Mattlin for aiding project initiation and coordinating funding. We gratefully acknowledge the critical review and contributions of M. J. Weise and J. P. Schroeder. NR 33 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 6 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG 19 PY 2008 VL 81 IS 1 BP 81 EP 92 DI 10.3354/dao01942 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 348JU UT WOS:000259207600009 PM 18828566 ER PT J AU Tsai, DH Zangmeister, RA Pease, LF Tarlov, MJ Zachariah, MR AF Tsai, D-H. Zangmeister, R. A. Pease, L. F., III Tarlov, M. J. Zachariah, M. R. TI Gas-phase ion-mobility characterization of SAM-functionalized Au nanoparticles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; ANALYZER NANO-DMA; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ORGANIC MONOLAYERS; CLUSTER COMPOUNDS; GOLD; ELECTROSPRAY; TRANSITIONS; DESORPTION; SURFACES AB We present results of a systematic examination of functionalized gold nanoparticles (Au-NPs) by electrospray-differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA). Commercially available, citrate-stabilized Au colloid solutions (10-60 nm) were sized using ES-DMA, from which changes in particle size of less than 0.3 nm were readily discerned. It was found that the formation of salt particles and the coating of Au-NPs by salt during the electrospray process can interfere with the mobility analysis, which required the development of sample preparation and data correction protocols to extract correct values for the Au-NP size. Formation of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiol molecules on the Au-NP surface was detected from a change in particle mobility, which could be modeled to extract the surface packing density of SAMs. A gas-phase temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) kinetic study of SAMs on Au-NPS found the data to be consistent with a second-order Arrhenius-based rate law, yielding an Arrhenius factor of 1.0 x 10(11) s(-1) and an activation energy similar to 105 kJ/mol. For the size range of SAM-modified Au-NP we considered, the effect of surface curvature on the energetics of binding of carboxylic acid terminated SAMs is evidently negligible" with binding energies determined by TPD agreeing with those reported for the same SAMs on planar surfaces. This study suggests that the ES-DMA can be added to the tool set of characterization methods used to study the structure and properties of coated nanoparticles. C1 [Tsai, D-H.; Zachariah, M. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tsai, D-H.; Zachariah, M. R.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tsai, D-H.; Zangmeister, R. A.; Pease, L. F., III; Tarlov, M. J.; Zachariah, M. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012; Zangmeister, Rebecca/D-6641-2017 OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007; Zangmeister, Rebecca/0000-0002-0540-6240 NR 33 TC 56 Z9 56 U1 4 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 19 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 16 BP 8483 EP 8490 DI 10.1021/la7024846 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 336PU UT WOS:000258377900018 PM 18661963 ER PT J AU Charrassin, JB Hindell, M Rintoul, SR Roquet, F Sokolov, S Biuw, M Costa, D Boehme, L Lovell, P Coleman, R Timmermann, R Meijers, A Meredith, M Park, YH Bailleul, F Goebel, M Tremblay, Y Bost, CA McMahon, CR Field, IC Fedak, MA Guinet, C AF Charrassin, J. -B. Hindell, M. Rintoul, S. R. Roquet, F. Sokolov, S. Biuw, M. Costa, D. Boehme, L. Lovell, P. Coleman, R. Timmermann, R. Meijers, A. Meredith, M. Park, Y. -H. Bailleul, F. Goebel, M. Tremblay, Y. Bost, C. -A. McMahon, C. R. Field, I. C. Fedak, M. A. Guinet, C. TI Southern Ocean frontal structure and sea-ice formation rates revealed by elephant seals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE antarctic circumpolar current; instrumentation; marine predators; ocean observation; sea-ice modeling ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS; EAST ANTARCTICA; WEDDELL SEA; SALINITY; EXTENT; WINTER; COVER; FIELD AB Polar regions are particularly sensitive to climate change, with the potential for significant feedbacks between ocean circulation, sea ice, and the ocean carbon cycle. However, the difficulty in obtaining in situ data means that our ability to detect and interpret change is very limited, especially in the Southern Ocean, where the ocean beneath the sea ice remains almost entirely unobserved and the rate of sea-ice formation is poorly known. Here, we show that southern elephant seals (Mirounga leonina) equipped with oceanographic sensors can measure ocean structure and water mass changes in regions and seasons rarely observed with traditional oceanographic platforms. In particular, seals provided a 30-fold increase in hydrographic profiles from the sea-ice zone, allowing the major fronts to be mapped south of 60 degrees S and sea-ice formation rates to be inferred from changes in upper ocean salinity. Sea-ice production rates peaked in early winter (April-May) during the rapid northward expansion of the pack ice and declined by a factor of 2 to 3 between May and August, in agreement with a three-dimensional coupled ocean-sea-ice model. By measuring the high-latitude ocean during winter, elephant seals fill a "blind spot" in our sampling coverage, enabling the establishment of a truly global ocean-observing system. C1 [Charrassin, J. -B.; Roquet, F.; Park, Y. -H.] Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Milieux & Pepuplements Aquat, Lab Oceanog & Climat Experimentation & Approches, Unite Sci Museum 402, F-75231 Paris 05, France. [Hindell, M.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Zool, Antarctic Wildlife Res Unit, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Rintoul, S. R.; Sokolov, S.] Commonwealth Sci & Ind Res Org, Wealth Oceans Natl Res Flagship & Antarctic Clima, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Boehme, L.; Lovell, P.] Univ St Andrews, Gatty Marine Lab, NERC Sea Mammal Res Unit, St Andrews KY16 8LB, Fife, Scotland. [Costa, D.; Tremblay, Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Long Marine Lab, Inst Marine Sci, Ctr Ocean Hlth, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Coleman, R.] Univ Tasmania, Ctr Marine Sci, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. [Timmermann, R.] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, D-2850 Bremerhaven, Germany. [Meredith, M.] British Antarctic Tasmania, Cambridge CB3 0ET, England. [Goebel, M.] NOAA, Antarctic Ecosyst Res Div, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Bailleul, F.; Bost, C. -A.; Guinet, C.] CNRS, Ctr Etudes Biol Chize, F-79360 Beauvoir Sur Niort, France. [McMahon, C. R.; Field, I. C.] Charles Darwin Univ, Sch Environm Res, Darwin, NT 0909, Australia. [Biuw, M.] Norwegian Polar Res Inst, Polar Environm Ctr, NO-9296 Tromso, Norway. RP Charrassin, JB (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, Dept Milieux & Pepuplements Aquat, Lab Oceanog & Climat Experimentation & Approches, Unite Sci Museum 402, 43 Rue Cuvier, F-75231 Paris 05, France. EM jbc@mnhn.fr RI Boehme, Lars/B-6567-2009; Rintoul, Stephen /A-1471-2012; Meijers, Andrew/A-9903-2012; Coleman, Richard/H-4425-2012; Roquet, Fabien/D-4848-2013; McMahon, Clive/D-5713-2013; Hindell, Mark/K-1131-2013; Fedak, Michael/B-3987-2009; OI Boehme, Lars/0000-0003-3513-6816; Rintoul, Stephen /0000-0002-7055-9876; Roquet, Fabien/0000-0003-1124-4564; Coleman, Richard/0000-0002-9731-7498; McMahon, Clive/0000-0001-5241-8917; Fedak, Michael/0000-0002-9569-1128; Hindell, Mark/0000-0002-7823-7185 NR 33 TC 82 Z9 86 U1 0 U2 28 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD AUG 19 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 33 BP 11634 EP 11639 DI 10.1073/pnas.0800790105 PG 6 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 341OM UT WOS:000258723800011 PM 18695241 ER PT J AU Tan, ZP Roytburd, AL Levin, I Seal, K Rodriguez, BJ Jesse, S Kalinin, S Baddorf, A AF Tan, Zhuopeng Roytburd, Alexander L. Levin, Igor Seal, Katyayani Rodriguez, Brian J. Jesse, Stephen Kalinin, Sergei Baddorf, Art TI Piezoelectric response of nanoscale PbTiO3 in composite PbTiO3-CoFe2O4 epitaxial films SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID NANOSTRUCTURES AB Piezoelectric properties of PbTiO3 in 1/3PbTiO(3)-2/3CoFe(2)O(4) transverse epitaxial nanostructures on differently oriented SrTiO3 were analyzed using conventional and switching-spectroscopy piezoelectric force microscopy. The results confirmed that the individual PbTiO3 nanocolumns in the CoFe2O4 matrix exhibit a detectable piezoelectric response regardless of substrate orientation. For the {100} and {110} orientations, a bias of +/- 10 V produced ferroelectric domain switching; however, no switching was observed for the {111} films. Small values of piezoelectric constants d(zz)((100))approximate to 11 pm/V, d(zz)((110))approximate to 5 pm/V, and d(zz)((111))approximate to 3pm/V are attributed to the weak intrinsic response of the nano-PbTiO3 under strong mechanical and depolarizing-field constraints in the composite films. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Tan, Zhuopeng; Roytburd, Alexander L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Levin, Igor] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Seal, Katyayani; Rodriguez, Brian J.; Jesse, Stephen; Kalinin, Sergei; Baddorf, Art] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Tan, ZP (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM zhuopeng@gmail.com; igor.levin@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Rodriguez, Brian/A-6253-2009; Jesse, Stephen/D-3975-2016; Baddorf, Arthur/I-1308-2016 OI Rodriguez, Brian/0000-0001-9419-2717; Jesse, Stephen/0000-0002-1168-8483; Baddorf, Arthur/0000-0001-7023-2382 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD AUG 18 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 7 AR 074101 DI 10.1063/1.2969038 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 345QC UT WOS:000259010300088 ER PT J AU Avedesian, CT Choi, S Tsang, W AF Avedesian, C. Thomas Choi, Sungrayl Tsang, Wing TI FUEL 9-Conversion of methanol in a film boiling reactor SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Avedesian, C. Thomas; Choi, Sungrayl] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Tsang, Wing] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cta2@cornell.edu; sungryel@gmail.com; wing.tsang@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 9-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304720 ER PT J AU Becker, ML Fagan, JA Gallant, ND Bauer, BJ Hobble, EK Lacerda, SH Migler, KB AF Becker, Matthew L. Fagan, Jeffrey A. Gallant, Nathan D. Bauer, Barry J. Hobble, Erik K. Lacerda, Silvia H. Migler, Kalman B. TI ANYL 292-Length dependent uptake of DNA-wrapped single wall carbon nanotubes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Becker, Matthew L.; Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Gallant, Nathan D.; Bauer, Barry J.; Hobble, Erik K.; Lacerda, Silvia H.; Migler, Kalman B.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matthew.becker@nist.gov; jeffrey.fagan@nist.gov; nathan.gallant@nist.gov; barry.bauer@nist.gov; enk.hobbie@nist.gov; kalman.migler@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 292-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301254 ER PT J AU Brown, CM Liu, Y Her, JH Dailly, A Neumann, DA Ramirez-Cuesta, AJ AF Brown, Craig M. Liu, Yun Her, Jae-Hyuk Dailly, Anne Neumann, Dan A. Ramirez-Cuesta, A. J. TI FUEL 51-Hydrogen storage via physisorption in high surface materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Brown, Craig M.; Liu, Yun; Her, Jae-Hyuk; Neumann, Dan A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Engn, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Her, Jae-Hyuk] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Dailly, Anne] Purdue Univ, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Ramirez-Cuesta, A. J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM craig.brown@nist.gov; yunliu@nist.gov; dan.neumann@nist.gov; A.J.Ramirez-Cuesta@rl.ac.uk RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 51-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304707 ER PT J AU Budhlall, BM Marquez, M Velev, OD AF Budhlall, Bridgette M. Marquez, Manuel Velev, Orlin D. TI PMSE 467-Microwave, photo- and thermally responsive PNIPAm-gold nanoparticle microgels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Budhlall, Bridgette M.] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Plast Engn, NSF Ctr High Rate Nanomfg, Lowell, MA 01854 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Velev, Orlin D.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM bridgette_budhlall@uml.edu; odvelev@unity.ncsu.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 467-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500EC UT WOS:000270280001183 ER PT J AU Cho, TJ Hackley, VA Zheng, JW Runyon, JR AF Cho, Tae Joon Hackley, Vincent A. Zheng, Jiwen Runyon, J. Ray TI ANYL 149-Fractionation and characterization of gold nanoparticles in aqueous solution: Asymmetrical flow field-flow fractionation with MALS, DLS and UV-Vis detection SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cho, Tae Joon; Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zheng, Jiwen] SAIC Frederick Inc, Nanotechnol Characterizat Lab, Adv Technol Program, NCI Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702 USA. [Runyon, J. Ray] Colorado Sch Mines, Dept Chem & Geochem, Golden, CO 80401 USA. EM taejoon.cho@nist.gov; vince.hackley@nist.gov; zhengji@mail.nih.gov; jrunyon@mines.edu NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 149-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301286 ER PT J AU Cicerone, MT Johnson, JM AF Cicerone, Marcus T. Johnson, Jerainne M. TI BIOT 91-Hydrogen bond network lifetime as an indicator of protein stability in pharmaceutical preparations SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Cicerone, Marcus T.; Johnson, Jerainne M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cicerone@nist.gov; jerainne.johnson@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 91-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256302237 ER PT J AU Coll, M Hacker, CA Hines, DR Richter, CA Williams, ED AF Coll, Mariona Hacker, Christina A. Hines, Daniel R. Richter, Curt A. Williams, Ellen D. TI INOR 718-Nanolaminated gold as top metal contact for molecular electronic devices SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Coll, Mariona; Hacker, Christina A.; Richter, Curt A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hines, Daniel R.; Williams, Ellen D.] Univ Maryland, Lab Phys Sci, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. EM christina.hacker@nist.gov RI Coll, Mariona/C-5350-2012 OI Coll, Mariona/0000-0001-5157-7764 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 718-INOR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256306704 ER PT J AU Dunkers, JP Pakstis, LM Lee, HJ Matos, MA Cicerone, MT AF Dunkers, Joy P. Pakstis, Lisa M. Lee, Hae-Jeong Matos, Marvi A. Cicerone, Marcus T. TI PMSE 46-Characterization of laminin on silanized polydimethylsiloxane SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Dunkers, Joy P.; Pakstis, Lisa M.; Lee, Hae-Jeong; Matos, Marvi A.; Cicerone, Marcus T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM joy.dunkers@nist.gov; lisa.pakstis@nist.gov; hae-jeong.lee@nist.gov; cicerone@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 46-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500EC UT WOS:000270280001319 ER PT J AU Esenturk, O Heilwell, EJ Melinger, JS Lane, PA AF Esenturk, Okan Heilwell, Edwin J. Melinger, Joseph S. Lane, Paul A. TI POLY 637-Ultrafast carrier dynamics of blended and layered zinc-phthalocyanine/C60 films measured by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Esenturk, Okan] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Heilwell, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Div Elect Sci & Technol, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Inst Nanosci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Lane, Paul A.] USN, Div Opt Sci, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM esenturk@umd.edu; edwin.heilweil@nist.gov; paul.lane@nrl.navy.mil NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 637-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308110 ER PT J AU Germack, DS Kline, RJ Hamadani, BH Gundlach, DJ Richter, LJ DeLongchamp, DM AF Germack, David S. Kline, R. Joseph Hamadani, Behrang H. Gundlach, David J. Richter, Lee J. DeLongchamp, Dean M. TI PMSE 455-Vertical composition gradients of organic bulk heterojunction solar cells SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Germack, David S.; Kline, R. Joseph; DeLongchamp, Dean M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hamadani, Behrang H.; Gundlach, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Richter, Lee J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.germack@nist.gov; lee.richter@nist.gov; dean.delongchamp@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 455-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500EC UT WOS:000270280001433 ER PT J AU Hackley, VA AF Hackley, Vincent A. TI ANYL 201-Nanoparticle reference materials: Enablers for technology development and the assessment of environmental, health and safety impact SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hackley, Vincent A.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vince.hackley@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 201-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301077 ER PT J AU Hameedi, MJ Hartwell, I AF Hameedi, M. Jawed Hartwell, Ian TI AGRO 172-Assessing sediment quality in Chesapeake Bay SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hameedi, M. Jawed; Hartwell, Ian] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Monitoring & Assessment, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM jawed.hameedi@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 172-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256300557 ER PT J AU Heller, SR AF Heller, Stephen R. TI CINF 74-A status report on the InChI & InChIKey project SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Heller, Stephen R.] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM srheller@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 74-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256303428 ER PT J AU Holbrook, RD AF Holbrook, R. David TI ANYL 264-Behavior of engineered nanomaterials in aquatic environments: An overview SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Holbrook, R. David] NIST, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM dave.holbrook@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 264-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301057 ER PT J AU Hule, RA Nagarkar, RP Hammouda, B Schneider, JP Pochan, DJ AF Hule, Rohan A. Nagarkar, Radhika P. Hammouda, Boualem Schneider, Joel P. Pochan, Darrin J. TI COLL 245-Quantitative structure-property relations in self-assembled peptide hydrogels SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Hule, Rohan A.; Pochan, Darrin J.] Univ Delaware, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hule, Rohan A.; Pochan, Darrin J.] Univ Delaware, Delaware Biotechnol Inst, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Nagarkar, Radhika P.; Schneider, Joel P.] Univ Delaware, Dept Chem & Biochem, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Hammouda, Boualem] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM hule@udel.edu; nagarkar@udel.edu; hammouda@nist.gov; schneijp@udel.edu; pochan@udel.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 245-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256303721 ER PT J AU Karim, A AF Karim, Alamgir TI ANYL 203-Characterization of nanoparticle properties for biosystems SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Karim, Alamgir] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alamgir.karim@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 203-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301303 ER PT J AU Kline, C Filliben, J Holbrook, RD AF Kline, Carly Filliben, James Holbrook, R. David TI ENVR 12-Sensitivity analysis of carbon nanotube coagulation in aquatic environments SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kline, Carly] Kutztown Univ Penn, Dept Phys Sci, Kutztown, PA 19530 USA. [Filliben, James] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Dept, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Holbrook, R. David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM cklin575@kutztown.edu; james.filliben@nist.gov; dave.holbrook@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 12-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304454 ER PT J AU Kohnhorst, C Rakowski, E Stromberg, CJ Heilweil, EJ AF Kohnhorst, Casey Rakowski, Elizabeth Stromberg, Christopher J. Heilweil, Edwin J. TI PHYS 401-Linear and time-resolved vibrational spectroscopy of biomimetic catalysts for hydrogen production SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kohnhorst, Casey; Rakowski, Elizabeth; Stromberg, Christopher J.] Hood Coll, Dept Chem & Phys, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stromberg@hood.edu; edwin.heilweil@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 401-PHYS PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256307425 ER PT J AU Kralj, JG Player, A Kawasaki, E Locascio, LE AF Kralj, Jason G. Player, Audrey Kawasaki, Ernest Locascio, Laurie E. TI ANYL 58-Gene expression profiling using linear amplification of cDNA on microfluidic packed columns SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Kralj, Jason G.; Locascio, Laurie E.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Player, Audrey; Kawasaki, Ernest] NCI, NIH, Gaithersburg, MD 20877 USA. EM locascio@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 58-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301273 ER PT J AU Krycka, K Borchers, J Maranville, B Chen, WC Metting, C Castano, F Jung, W Ross, C AF Krycka, Kathryn Borchers, Julie Maranville, Brian Chen, Wangchun Metting, Christopher Castano, Fernando Jung, Wonjoon Ross, Caroline TI NUCL 28-Neutron scattering from NiFe vertical bar Cu vertical bar Co vertical bar IrMn vertical bar Au patterned spin valve nanopillars SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Krycka, Kathryn; Borchers, Julie; Maranville, Brian; Chen, Wangchun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Metting, Christopher] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Castano, Fernando; Jung, Wonjoon; Ross, Caroline] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. EM kathryn.krycka@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 28-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256305759 ER PT J AU Liu, W Li, Z Liu, Y Brown, C Li, J AF Liu, Wei Li, Zheng Liu, Yun Brown, Craig Li, Ju TI FUEL 67-Binding energy of hydrogen molecules on Mn and Cu based metal organic frameworks SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Liu, Wei; Li, Zheng; Li, Ju] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Liu, Yun] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brown, Craig] Natl Inst Stand Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. EM liuwei@seas.upenn.edu; liju@seas.upenn.edu RI Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 67-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304615 ER PT J AU Locascio, LE Ross, D Vreeland, WN Forry, S Munson, M Kralj, JG Atencia, J Reyes, DR Gaitan, M AF Locascio, Laurie E. Ross, David Vreeland, Wyatt N. Forry, Samuel Munson, Matthew Kralj, Jason G. Atencia, Javier Reyes, Darwin R. Gaitan, Michael TI ANYL 67-Microfluidics as a tool to enable research and discovery in the life sciences SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Locascio, Laurie E.; Ross, David; Vreeland, Wyatt N.; Forry, Samuel; Munson, Matthew; Kralj, Jason G.; Atencia, Javier] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Reyes, Darwin R.; Gaitan, Michael] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM locascio@nist.gov; david.ross@nist.gov; sam.forry@nist.gov; darwin.reyes@nist.gov; michael.gaitan@nist.gov RI Atencia, Javier/K-8613-2012 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 67-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301347 ER PT J AU Loesche, M Valincius, G Heinrich, F Budvytyte, R Vanderah, DJ Sokolov, Y Hall, JE AF Loesche, Mathias Valincius, Gintaras Heinrich, Frank Budvytyte, Rima Vanderah, David J. Sokolov, Yuri Hall, James E. TI COLL 51-Amyloid-beta oligomer interaction with lipid membranes: Insight in the origin of conductance increases from studies of tethered bilayers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Valincius, Gintaras; Budvytyte, Rima] Lithuania Acad Sci, Inst Biochem, LT-232600 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Heinrich, Frank] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heinrich, Frank] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Budvytyte, Rima] Vilnius State Univ, Vilnius, Lithuania. [Sokolov, Yuri; Hall, James E.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Physiol & Biophys, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM quench@cmu.edu; gintaras@bchi.lt; djvander@.nist.gov RI Hall, James/K-6306-2012; Budvytyte, Rima/F-5115-2014 OI Budvytyte, Rima/0000-0002-5063-5878 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 51-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256303754 ER PT J AU Magee, JW Dong, Q Muzny, CD Kazakov, A Diky, V Widegren, JA Chirico, RD Marsh, KN Frenkel, M AF Magee, Joseph W. Dong, Qian Muzny, Chris D. Kazakov, Andrei Diky, Vladimir Widegren, Jason A. Chirico, Robert D. Marsh, Kenneth N. Frenkel, Michael TI I&EC 157-ILTHERMO: Archival storage and retrieval of thermophysical properties SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Magee, Joseph W.; Dong, Qian; Muzny, Chris D.; Kazakov, Andrei; Diky, Vladimir; Widegren, Jason A.; Chirico, Robert D.; Frenkel, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Marsh, Kenneth N.] Univ Canterbury, Dept Chem & Proc Engn, Christchurch 1, New Zealand. EM joe.magee@nist.gov; qian.dong@nist.gov; chris.muzny@nist.gov; andrei.kazakov@nist.gov; vladimir.diky@nist.gov; jason.widegren@nist.gov; robert.chirico@nist.gov; ken.marsh@canterbury.ac.nz; michael.frenkel@nist.gov RI Magee, Joseph/A-8496-2009 OI Magee, Joseph/0000-0002-9312-8593 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 157-IEC PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256305039 ER PT J AU Mansfield, E Hooker, SA AF Mansfield, Elisabeth Hooker, Stephanie A. TI ANYL 293-Nanoparticle/cell interactions monitored by quartz crystal microbalance SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Hooker, Stephanie A.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mansfiel@boulder.nist.gov; shooker@boulder.nist.gov RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012 OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 293-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301150 ER PT J AU Mansfield, E Kar, A Hooker, SA AF Mansfield, Elisabeth Kar, Aparna Hooker, Stephanie A. TI ANYL 242-Quartz crystal microbalance evaluation of carbon nanotube purity as an alternate to thermogravimetric analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Mansfield, Elisabeth; Kar, Aparna; Hooker, Stephanie A.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM mansfiel@boulder.nist.gov; aparna@boulder.nist.gov; shooker@boulder.nist.gov RI Mansfield, Elisabeth/C-5258-2012 OI Mansfield, Elisabeth/0000-0003-2463-0966 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 242-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301152 ER PT J AU Mason, SE Chaka, AM AF Mason, Sara E. Chaka, Anne M. TI ENVR 47-First-principles characterization of key factors in pollutant oxide-water interfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Mason, Sara E.; Chaka, Anne M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM sara.mason@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 47-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304509 ER PT J AU May, WE AF May, Willie E. TI ANYL 66-Introduction of Dr. Laurie Locascio, recipient of the 2008 ACS Division of Analytical Chemistry Arthur F. Findeis Award for Achievements by a Young Analytical Scientist SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [May, Willie E.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM willie.may@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 66-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301393 ER PT J AU McConnell, LL Rice, CP Hapeman, CJ Bialek, K Fulton, M Leight, AK Allen, G AF McConnell, Laura L. Rice, Clifford P. Hapeman, Cathleen J. Bialek, Krystyna Fulton, Michael Leight, Andrew K. Allen, Greg TI AGRO 171-Pesticides in tidal regions of Chesapeake Bay SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [McConnell, Laura L.; Rice, Clifford P.; Hapeman, Cathleen J.; Bialek, Krystyna] USDA ARS, Beltsville Agr Res Ctr, Beltsville, MD 20705 USA. [Fulton, Michael] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Leight, Andrew K.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Allen, Greg] US Environm Protect Agcy Reg III, Chesapeake Bay Program Off, Philadelphia, PA 19103 USA. EM laura.mcconnell@ars.usda.gov; cathleen.hapeman@ars.usda.gov; Mike.Fulton@noaa.gov; allen.greg@epa.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 171-AGRO PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256300584 ER PT J AU Michaels, CA Stranick, SJ AF Michaels, Chris A. Stranick, Stephan J. TI ANYL 283-Infrared chemical imaging with a solid immersion lens SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Michaels, Chris A.; Stranick, Stephan J.] NIST, CSTL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM chris.michaels@nist.gov; stephan.stranick@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 283-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301251 ER PT J AU Morris, TA Peterson, A Tarlov, MJ AF Morris, Todd Ashley Peterson, Alexander Tarlov, Michael J. TI AEI 4-Glycoprofiling with lectins immobilized to polydopamine-modified substrates SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Morris, Todd Ashley] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Peterson, Alexander] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM todd.morris@nist.gov; alex2@nist.gov; michael.tarlov@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 4-AEI PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256300057 ER PT J AU Muzny, CD Diky, VV Kazakov, A Lemmon, EW Chirico, RD Frenkel, M AF Muzny, Chris D. Diky, Vladimir V. Kazakov, Andrei Lemmon, Eric W. Chirico, Robert D. Frenkel, Michael TI CINF 75-Dynamic data evaluation for thermodynamic properties of binary mixtures SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Muzny, Chris D.; Diky, Vladimir V.; Kazakov, Andrei; Lemmon, Eric W.; Chirico, Robert D.; Frenkel, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM chris.muzny@nist.gov; diky@boulder.nist.gov; andrei.kazakov@nist.gov; ericl@boulder.nist.gov; robert.chirico@nist.gov; michael.frenkel@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 75-CINF PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256303466 ER PT J AU Nayak, A Sorci, M Krueger, S Belfort, G AF Nayak, Arpan Sorci, Mirco Krueger, Susan Belfort, Georges TI BIOT 277-A universal pathway for amyloid nucleus and precursor formation for insulin SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nayak, Arpan; Belfort, Georges] Rensselaer Polytech Inst, Howard P Isermann Dept Chem & Biol Engn, Troy, NY 12180 USA. [Krueger, Susan] NIST, Condensed Matter Sci Grp, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM arpann@gmail.com; sorcim@rpi.edu NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 277-BIOT PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256302344 ER PT J AU Newman, JDS MacCrehan, WA AF Newman, Janelle Dawn Secl MacCrehan, William A. TI COLL 164-Exchange of the citrate stabilizer by amine compounds on the surface of gold nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Newman, Janelle Dawn Secl; MacCrehan, William A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM janelle.newman@nist.gov; william.maccrehan@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 164-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256303599 ER PT J AU Nguyen, T Gu, XH Nguyen, D Sung, LP AF Nguyen, Tinh Gu, Xiaohong Nguyen, Diep Sung, Lipiin TI PMSE 110-Surface and interface characterization of poly(vinylidene fluoride)/acrylic copolymer blends SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Nguyen, Tinh; Gu, Xiaohong; Sung, Lipiin] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Nguyen, Diep] IIT, BCPS, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM tinh.nguyen@nist.gov; xiaohong.gu@nist.gov; lipiin.sung@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 110-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500EC UT WOS:000270280001371 ER PT J AU Patton, DL Beers, KL AF Patton, Derek L. Beers, Kathryn L. TI POLY 495-Radical reactivity ratios at surfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Patton, Derek L.; Beers, Kathryn L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 495-POLY PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256308371 ER PT J AU Popelka-Filcoff, RS Cao, LR Downing, RG Greenberg, RR Lindstrom, RM Mackey, EA Paul, RL Porter, BJ Tomlin, BE Spatz, RO Zeisler, RL AF Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel S. Cao, L. Raymond Downing, R. Gregory Greenberg, Robert R. Lindstrom, Richard M. Mackey, Elizabeth A. Paul, Rick L. Porter, Barbara J. Tomlin, Bryan E. Spatz, Rabia O. Zeisler, Rolf L. TI NUCL 54-Application of nuclear analytical techniques in the development of Standard Reference Materials SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel S.; Cao, L. Raymond; Downing, R. Gregory; Greenberg, Robert R.; Lindstrom, Richard M.; Mackey, Elizabeth A.; Paul, Rick L.; Porter, Barbara J.; Tomlin, Bryan E.; Spatz, Rabia O.; Zeisler, Rolf L.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rachel.popelka-filcoff@nist.gov RI Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel/I-4546-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 54-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256305714 ER PT J AU Reyes, DR Mijares, GI Geist, J Briggman, KA Gaitan, M AF Reyes, Darwin R. Mijares, Geraldine I. Geist, Jon Briggman, Kimberly A. Gaitan, Michael TI ANYL 160-Electronic trapping and release of gold nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Reyes, Darwin R.; Gaitan, Michael] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mijares, Geraldine I.; Geist, Jon] NIST, EEEL Semicond Elect Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Briggman, Kimberly A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM darwin.reyes@nist.gov; michael.gaitan@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 160-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301305 ER PT J AU Schultz, ZD Stranick, S Levin, IW AF Schultz, Zachary D. Stranick, Stephan Levin, Ira W. TI ANYL 288-Nanoscale Raman spectroscopic imaging: Toward biomedical applications SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Stranick, Stephan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Levin, Ira W.] NIDDK, Chem Phys Lab, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM zachary.schultz@nist.gov; stranick@nist.gov; iwl@helix.nih.gov RI Schultz, Zachary/L-5724-2013 OI Schultz, Zachary/0000-0003-1741-8801 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 288-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301403 ER PT J AU Sidorenko, A Zhitenev, N AF Sidorenko, Alexander Zhitenev, Nikolai TI PMSE 94-Electronic transport in polymer brushes SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Sidorenko, Alexander] Univ Sci Philadelphia, Dept Chem & Biochem, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Zhitenev, Nikolai] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM a.sidorenko@usp.edu; zhitenev@nist.gov RI Zhitenev, Nikolai/N-1780-2014 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 94-PMSE PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 500EC UT WOS:000270280001261 ER PT J AU Spatz, RO Zeisler, R Mackey, EA Tomlin, BE AF Spatz, Rabia Oflaz Zeisler, Rolf Mackey, Elizabeth A. Tomlin, Bryan E. TI ENVR 142-Characterization of new soil standard reference materials (SRM) by instrumental activation analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Spatz, Rabia Oflaz; Zeisler, Rolf] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mackey, Elizabeth A.; Tomlin, Bryan E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Rabia@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 142-ENVR PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304431 ER PT J AU Tarasevich, BJ Shaw, WJ Lea, AS Perez-Salas, U Krueger, S AF Tarasevich, Barbara J. Shaw, Wendy J. Lea, A. S. Perez-Salas, Ursula Krueger, Susan TI COLL 202-Studies of the secondary to quaternary structure of proteins at interfaces SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tarasevich, Barbara J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Mat Chem Div, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Shaw, Wendy J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Div Chem & Mat Sci, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Lea, A. S.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Environm Mol Sci Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Perez-Salas, Ursula] Argonne Natl Lab, Div Mat Sci, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Krueger, Susan] NIST, Condensed Matter Sci Grp, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM barbara.tarasevich@pnl.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 202-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256303796 ER PT J AU Tomlin, BE Zeisler, R AF Tomlin, Bryan E. Zeisler, Rolf TI NUCL 24-Gamma-gamma coincidence spectrometer for INAA at NIST SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tomlin, Bryan E.; Zeisler, Rolf] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryan.tomlin@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 24-NUCL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256305737 ER PT J AU Tsang, W AF Tsang, Wing TI FUEL 142-Threshold soot indices and fuel radical pyrolysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Tsang, Wing] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, DOC, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wing.tsang@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 142-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304676 ER PT J AU Valincius, G Vanderah, DJ Meskauskas, T Ivanauskas, F AF Valincius, Gintaras Vanderah, David J. Meskauskas, Tadas Ivanauskas, Feliksas TI COLL 20-Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy of tethered-bilayers SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Valincius, Gintaras] Inst Biochem, Dept Bioelectrochem & Biospect, LT-06121 Vilnius, Lithuania. [Vanderah, David J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Meskauskas, Tadas; Ivanauskas, Feliksas] Vilnius State Univ, Fac Math & Informat, LT-03225 Vilnius, Lithuania. EM gintaras@bchi.lt; djvander@nist.gov; tadas.meskauskas@mif.vu.lt; feliksas.ivanauskas@mif.vu.lt NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 20-COLL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256303706 ER PT J AU Winchester, MR Fond, AM AF Winchester, Michael R. Fond, Amanda M. TI ANYL 200-Chemical characterizations of nanoparticles in suspension using inductively-coupled plasma optical emission and mass spectrometries SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Winchester, Michael R.; Fond, Amanda M.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mrw@nist.gov; afond@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 200-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301076 ER PT J AU Windsor, E Gillen, G Najarro, M AF Windsor, Eric Gillen, Greg Najarro, Marcela TI ANYL 96-Use of drop-on-demand inkjet printing technology to produce reference materials for trace level explosive analysis SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Windsor, Eric; Gillen, Greg; Najarro, Marcela] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM eric.windsor@nist.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 96-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301008 ER PT J AU Yang, YX Schalch, J Liu, Y Her, JH Simons, J Brown, CM Webley, PA Chaffee, AL AF Yang, Yunxia Schalch, Jacob Liu, Yun Her, Jae-Hyuk Simons, Jason Brown, Craig M. Webley, Paul A. Chaffee, Alan L. TI FUEL 50-Hydrogen storage on ordered microporous carbon containing dispersed metal nanoparticles SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Yang, Yunxia; Webley, Paul A.] Monash Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Schalch, Jacob] Oberlin Coll, Oberlin, OH 44074 USA. [Simons, Jason; Brown, Craig M.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liu, Yun] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat & Engn, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Her, Jae-Hyuk] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chaffee, Alan L.] Monash Univ, Sch Chem, CRC Greenhouse Gas Technol, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. [Chaffee, Alan L.] Monash Univ, Sch Chem, Ctr Green Chem, Clayton, Vic 3800, Australia. EM yunxia.yang@sci.monash.edu.au; yunliu@nist.gov; craig.brown@nist.gov; paul.webley@sci.monash.edu.au; Alan.Chaffee@sci.monash.edu.au RI Webley, Paul/A-3717-2008; Liu, Yun/F-6516-2012 OI Webley, Paul/0000-0003-3598-3767; Liu, Yun/0000-0002-0944-3153 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 50-FUEL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256304664 ER PT J AU Zhao, MH Zhou, ZP Wu, JT Gu, XH Nguyen, T AF Zhao, Minhua Zhou, Zhenping Wu, Juntao Gu, Xiaohong Nguyen, Tinh TI ANYL 241-Nanoscale chemical imaging through quantitative scanning surface potential microscopy SO ABSTRACTS OF PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Meeting Abstract CT 236th National Meeting of the American-Chemical-Society CY AUG 17-21, 2008 CL Philadelphia, PA SP Amer Chem Soc C1 [Zhao, Minhua; Zhou, Zhenping; Wu, Juntao; Gu, Xiaohong; Nguyen, Tinh] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM minhua.zhao@nist.gov; Tinh.Nguyen@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0065-7727 J9 ABSTR PAP AM CHEM S JI Abstr. Pap. Am. Chem. Soc. PD AUG 17 PY 2008 VL 236 MA 241-ANYL PG 1 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA 499WD UT WOS:000270256301235 ER PT J AU Lee, SS Donner, LJ Phillips, VTJ Ming, Y AF Lee, Seoung Soo Donner, Leo J. Phillips, Vaughan T. J. Ming, Yi TI The dependence of aerosol effects on clouds and precipitation on cloud-system organization, shear and stability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOLS; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; RESOLVING MODEL; ICE-NUCLEATION; PART I; BOUNDARY-LAYER; MICROPHYSICS; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION AB Precipitation suppression due to an increase of aerosol number concentration in stratiform cloud is well-known. It is not certain whether the suppression applies for deep convection. Recent studies have suggested increasing precipitation from deep convection with increasing aerosols under some, but not all, conditions. Increasing precipitation with increasing aerosols can result from strong interactions in deep convection between dynamics and microphysics. High cloud liquid, due to delayed autoconversion, provides more evaporation, leading to more active downdrafts, convergence fields, condensation, collection of cloud liquid by precipitable hydrometeors, and precipitation. Evaporation of cloud liquid is a primary determinant of the intensity of the interactions. It is partly controlled by wind shear modulating the entrainment of dry air into clouds and transport of cloud liquid into unsaturated areas. Downdraft-induced convergence, crucial to the interaction, is weak for shallow clouds, generally associated with low convective available potential energy ( CAPE). Aerosol effects on cloud and precipitation can vary with CAPE and wind shear. Pairs of idealized numerical experiments for high and low aerosol cases were run for five different environmental conditions to investigate the dependence of aerosol effect on stability and wind shear. In the environment of high CAPE and strong wind shear, cumulonimbus- and cumulus-type clouds were dominant. Transport of cloud liquid to unsaturated areas was larger at high aerosol, leading to stronger downdrafts. Because of the large vertical extent of those clouds, strong downdrafts and convergence developed for strong interactions between dynamics and microphysics. These led to larger precipitation at high aerosol. Detrainment of cloud liquid and associated evaporation were less with lower CAPE and wind shear, where dynamically weaker clouds dominated. Transport of cloud liquid to unsaturated areas was not as active as in the environment of high CAPE and strong shear. Also, evaporatively driven differences in downdrafts at their level of initial descent were not magnified in clouds with shallow depth as much as in deep convective clouds as they accelerated to the surface over shorter distances. Hence the interaction between dynamics and microphysics was reduced, leading to precipitation suppression at high aerosol. These results demonstrate that increasing aerosol can either decrease or increase precipitation for an imposed large-scale environment supporting cloud development. The implications for larger-scale aspects of the hydrological cycle will require further study with larger-domain models and cumulus parameterizations with advanced microphysics. C1 [Lee, Seoung Soo] Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Donner, Leo J.; Ming, Yi] Princeton Univ, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. [Phillips, Vaughan T. J.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Lee, SS (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Atmospher Ocean & Space Sci, 2455 Hayward St,Room 1215 SRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM seoungl@umich.edu RI Ming, Yi/F-3023-2012; Lee, Seoung Soo/H-5383-2013 NR 62 TC 60 Z9 62 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 16 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D16 AR D16202 DI 10.1029/2007JD009224 PG 23 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 338MC UT WOS:000258511000001 ER PT J AU Kelly, WR MacDonald, BS Guthrie, WF AF Kelly, W. Robert MacDonald, Bruce S. Guthrie, William F. TI Gravimetric approach to the standard addition method in instrumental analysis. 1 SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article AB A mathematical formulation for a gravimetric approach to the univariate standard addition method (SAM) is presented that has general applicability for both liquids and solids. Using gravimetry rather than volumetry reduces the preparation time, increases design flexibility, and makes increased accuracy possible. SAM has most often been used with analytes in aqueous solutions that are, aspirated into flames or plasmas and determined by absorption, emission, or mass spectrometric techniques. The formulation presented here shows that the method can also be applied to complex matrixes, such as distillate and residual fuel oils, using techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF) or combustion combined with atomic fluorescence or absorption. These techniques, which can be subject to matrix-induced interferences, could realize the same benefits that have been demonstrated for dilute aqueous solutions. C1 [Kelly, W. Robert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [MacDonald, Bruce S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Measurement Serv Div, Technol Serv, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Guthrie, William F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kelly, WR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 16 BP 6154 EP 6158 DI 10.1021/ac702437f PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 337PN UT WOS:000258448100002 PM 18630929 ER PT J AU Ferguson, ML Prasad, K Boukari, H Sackett, DL Krueger, S Lafer, EM Nossal, R AF Ferguson, Matthew L. Prasad, Kondury Boukari, Hacene Sackett, Dan L. Krueger, Susan Lafer, Eileen M. Nossal, Ralph TI Clathrin triskelia show evidence of molecular flexibility SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID ANGLE NEUTRON-SCATTERING; ELECTRON CRYOMICROSCOPY; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PROTEIN; ENDOCYTOSIS; POLYMERS; RIGIDITY; CAGE AB The clathrin triskelion, which is a three-legged pinwheel-shaped heteropolymer, is a major component in the protein coats of certain post-Golgi and endocytic vesicles. At low pH, or at physiological pH in the presence of assembly proteins, triskelia will self-assemble to form a closed clathrin cage, or "basket''. Recent static light scattering and dynamic light scattering studies of triskelia in solution showed that an individual triskelion has an intrinsic pucker similar to, but differing from, that inferred from a high resolution cryoEM structure of a triskelion in a clathrin basket. We extend the earlier solution studies by performing small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) experiments on isolated triskelia, allowing us to examine a higher q range than that probed by static light scattering. Results of the SANS measurements are consistent with the light scattering measurements, but show a shoulder in the scattering function at intermediate q values (0.016 angstrom(-1)), just beyond the Guinier regime. This feature can be accounted for by Brownian dynamics simulations based on flexible bead-spring models of a triskelion, which generate time-averaged scattering functions. Calculated scattering profiles are in good agreement with the experimental SANS profiles when the persistence length of the assumed semi. exible triskelion is close to that previously estimated from the analysis of electron micrographs. C1 [Ferguson, Matthew L.; Boukari, Hacene; Sackett, Dan L.; Nossal, Ralph] Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. [Ferguson, Matthew L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Prasad, Kondury; Lafer, Eileen M.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX 78229 USA. [Krueger, Susan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nossal, R (reprint author), Eunice Kennedy Shriver Natl Inst Child Hlth & Hum, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD USA. EM nossalr@mail.nih.gov RI Ferguson, Matthew/C-4140-2014 OI Ferguson, Matthew/0000-0003-0760-757X FU Intramural NIH HHS; NINDS NIH HHS [R01 NS029051, R56 NS029051, NS29051] NR 37 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 10 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 4 BP 1945 EP 1955 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.126342 PG 11 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 329RX UT WOS:000257889400032 PM 18502808 ER PT J AU Chesnick, IE Mason, JT Giuseppetti, AA Eidelman, N Potter, K AF Chesnick, Ingrid E. Mason, Jeffrey T. Giuseppetti, Anthony A. Eidelman, Naomi Potter, Kimberlee TI Magnetic resonance microscopy of collagen mineralization SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID TURKEY LEG TENDON; PRECURSOR PILP PROCESS; X-RAY-DIFFRACTION; I COLLAGEN; BONE; CARTILAGE; TISSUE; RELAXATION; PACKING; MACROMOLECULES AB A model mineralizing system was subjected to magnetic resonance microscopy to investigate how water proton transverse (T-2) relaxation times and magnetization transfer ratios can be applied to monitor collagen mineralization. In our model system, a collagen sponge was mineralized with polymer-stabilized amorphous calcium carbonate. The lower hydration and water proton T-2 values of collagen sponges during the initial mineralization phase were attributed to the replacement of the water within the collagen fibrils by amorphous calcium carbonate. The significant reduction in T2 values by day 6 ( p < 0.001) was attributed to the appearance of mineral crystallites, which were also detected by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. In the second phase, between days 6 and 13, magnetic resonance microscopy properties appear to plateau as amorphous calcium carbonate droplets began to coalesce within the intra fibrillar space of collagen. In the third phase, after day 15, the amorphous mineral phase crystallized, resulting in a reduction in the absolute intensity of the collagen diffraction pattern. We speculate that magnetization transfer ratio values for collagen sponges, with similar collagen contents, increased from 0.25 +/- 0.02 for control strips to a maximum value of 0.31 +/- 0.04 at day 15 (p = 0.03) because mineral crystals greatly reduce the mobility of the collagen fibrils. C1 [Chesnick, Ingrid E.; Mason, Jeffrey T.; Potter, Kimberlee] Armed Forces Inst Pathol Annex, Dept Biophys, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Giuseppetti, Anthony A.; Eidelman, Naomi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Potter, K (reprint author), Armed Forces Inst Pathol Annex, Dept Biophys, 1413 Res Blvd, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM potterk@afip.osd.mil FU NIAMS NIH HHS [AR51446, R01 AR051446] NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 10 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 4 BP 2017 EP 2026 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.120923 PG 10 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 329RX UT WOS:000257889400039 PM 18487295 ER PT J AU Trolier-McKinstry, S Biegalski, MD Wang, JL Belik, AA Takayama-Muromachi, E Levin, I AF Trolier-McKinstry, Susan Biegalski, Michael D. Wang, Junling Belik, Alexei A. Takayama-Muromachi, Eiji Levin, Igor TI Growth, crystal structure, and properties of epitaxial BiScO(3) thin films SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID MORPHOTROPIC PHASE-BOUNDARY; X-RAY; PEROVSKITE; (1-X)BISCO3-XPBTIO(3); BIMNO3; BIFEO3 AB Epitaxial thin films of BiScO(3)-a compound thermodynamically unstable under ambient conditions-were grown on BiFeO(3)-buffered SrTiO(3) substrates. X-ray diffraction confirmed the reasonable crystalline quality of the films with a full width at half maximum of 0.58 degrees in omega (004 reflection), 0.80 degrees in phi (222 reflection), and 0.28 degrees in theta. The epitaxial thin films of BiScO(3) on SrTiO(3) retain the principal structural features of bulk BiScO(3) (i.e., octahedral tilting and the pattern of Bi displacements) that give rise to a pseudo-orthorhombic unit cell 2 root 2a(c) x root 2a(c) x 4a(c) (a(c) approximate to 4 angstrom refers to the lattice parameter of an ideal cubic perovskite). Films grown on {100} substrates adopt the bulk monoclinic structure, whereas films on the (110) substrates appear to exhibit an orthorhombic symmetry. The dielectric permittivities were modest (approximate to 30) with low loss tangents (<1% at low fields); no maxima were observed over a temperature range of -200 to +350 degrees C. There is no evidence of significant hysteresis (either ferroelectric or antiferroelectric) at room temperature up to the breakdown strength of the films. (C) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Trolier-McKinstry, Susan] Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Biegalski, Michael D.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Ctr Nanophase Mat Sci, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Wang, Junling] Nanyang Technol Univ, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Singapore 639798, Singapore. [Belik, Alexei A.; Takayama-Muromachi, Eiji] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Int Ctr Mat Nanoarchitecton MANA, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. [Levin, Igor] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Trolier-McKinstry, S (reprint author), Penn State Univ, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. EM stmckinstry@psu.edu RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; WANG, Junling/B-3596-2009; Belik, Alexei/H-2938-2011; OI WANG, Junling/0000-0003-3663-7081; Belik, Alexei/0000-0001-9031-2355; Trolier-McKinstry, Susan/0000-0002-7267-9281 NR 29 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 16 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 4 AR 044102 DI 10.1063/1.2964087 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 349EW UT WOS:000259265100072 ER PT J AU Cozic, J Mertes, S Verheggen, B Cziczo, DJ Gallavardin, SJ Walter, S Baltensperger, U Weingartner, E AF Cozic, J. Mertes, S. Verheggen, B. Cziczo, D. J. Gallavardin, S. J. Walter, S. Baltensperger, U. Weingartner, E. TI Black carbon enrichment in atmospheric ice particle residuals observed in lower tropospheric mixed phase clouds SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID ALPINE SITE JUNGFRAUJOCH; AEROSOL MASS-SPECTROMETER; SOOT AEROSOLS; MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION; LIGHT-ABSORPTION; CIRRUS CLOUDS; NUCLEATION; NUCLEI; CRYSTALS; EXHAUST AB [1] The enrichment of black carbon (BC) mass in residuals of small ice crystals was investigated during intensive experiments in winter 2004 and 2005 at the high alpine research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m asl, Switzerland). Two inlets were used to sample the bulk aerosol (residuals of cloud droplets and ice crystals and nonactivated aerosol particles) and the residual particles of small ice crystals (diameter 5-20 mu m). An enrichment of the BC mass fraction in the ice particle residuals was observed by investigating the measured BC mass concentration as a fraction of the bulk (submicrometer) aerosol mass concentration sampled by the two inlets. On the average, the BC mass fraction was 5% for the bulk aerosol but 27% for the ice particle residuals. The observed enrichment of BC in ice particle residuals suggests that some BC-containing particles may preferentially act as ice nuclei, with important implications for the indirect aerosol effect via glaciation of clouds if these particles represent a significant fraction of the number of ice crystals nucleated. C1 [Cozic, J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Baltensperger, U.; Weingartner, E.] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Atmospher Chem, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Mertes, S.] Leibniz Inst Tropospher Res, D-04318 Leipzig, Germany. [Gallavardin, S. J.] ETH, Inst Atmospher & Climate Sci, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Walter, S.] Max Planck Inst Chem, Particle Chem Dept, D-55128 Mainz, Germany. RP Cozic, J (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R-CSD2, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ernest.weingartner@psi.ch RI Cozic, Julie/A-5464-2011; Weingartner, Ernest/B-6793-2009 OI Weingartner, Ernest/0000-0002-2427-4634 FU MeteoSwiss; German Science foundation [He 939/8-1,2, He 939/17-1]; EC project ACCENT FX We thank the International Foundation High Altitude Research Stations Jungfraujoch and Gornergrat (HFSJG) for the opportunity to perform experiments at the Jungfraujoch. This work was supported by MeteoSwiss (GAW program), as well as the German Science foundation (grants He 939/8-1,2 and He 939/17-1) and the EC project ACCENT. The analyses were partially supported by the Collaborative Research Center SFB 641 from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. NR 55 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 0 U2 23 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15209 DI 10.1029/2007JD009266 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 338MA UT WOS:000258510800001 ER PT J AU Jin, X Li, J Schmit, TJ Li, JL Goldberg, MD Gurka, JJ AF Jin, Xin Li, Jun Schmit, Timothy J. Li, Jinlong Goldberg, Mitchell D. Gurka, James J. TI Retrieving clear-sky atmospheric parameters from SEVIRI and ABI infrared radiances SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE; VALIDATION; SOUNDER; TRANSMITTANCE; GENERATION; SOUNDINGS; ALGORITHM; PROFILES; MOISTURE; DATABASE AB [1] The algorithm for the current Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Sounders is adapted to produce atmospheric temperature and moisture legacy profiles from simulated infrared radiances of the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) on board the next generation GOES-R. Since the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) on board the Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) Meteosat-8/9 has many of the same spectral and spatial features as ABI, it is used as proxy to test the algorithm. Because as imagers, SEVIRI and ABI do not have enough CO2 absorption spectral bands relative to the current GOES Sounders, the legacy profile algorithm for the current GOES Sounders needs to be modified. Both simulations and analysis with radiance measurements indicate that the single temperature-sensitive infrared band (13.4 mu m) of SEVIRI cannot provide enough temperature profile information. However, SEVIRI's two H2O absorption spectral bands (6.2 and 7.2 mm) are able to provide useful information on water vapor content above 700 hPa. Because of their high spatial (approximately 3 km for SEVIRI and 2 km for ABI IR bands) and high temporal (15 min full disk coverage) resolutions, SEVIRI and ABI will provide useful profile products with a quality similar to that from the current GOES Sounder prior to the availability of a hyperspectral IR sounding system in geostationary orbit. C1 [Jin, Xin; Li, Jun; Li, Jinlong] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Schmit, Timothy J.; Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Gurka, James J.] NOAA, GOESR Program Off, OSD, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Jin, X (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meteorol Satellite Studies, 1225 W Dayton St, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM xjin@ssec.wisc.edu RI Schmit, Timothy/F-5624-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Li, Jun/H-3579-2015 OI Li, Jun/0000-0001-5504-9627 FU NOAA NESDIS GOES-R [NA06NES4400002]; Algorithm Working Group (AWG) FX This study was partially supported by NOAA NESDIS GOES-R grant (NA06NES4400002) as part of the Algorithm Working Group (AWG). The authors would like to thank Zhenglong Li for discussion and help on this study. SEVIRI data were provided by EUMETSAT. Miguel Angel Martrinez and Marcelino Manso at the EUMETSAT nowcasting SAF (Satellite Application Facility) are thanked for the collaboration on using SEVIRI and ECMWF data for algorithm development. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U. S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 26 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15310 DI 10.1029/2008JD010040 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 338MA UT WOS:000258510800009 ER PT J AU Embley, RW de Ronde, CEJ Ishibashi, J AF Embley, R. W. de Ronde, C. E. J. Ishibashi, J. TI Introduction to special section on Active Magmatic, Tectonic, and Hydrothermal Processes at Intraoceanic Arc Submarine Volcanoes SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Editorial Material ID IZU-BONIN ARC; SOUTHERN KERMADEC ARC; SUIYO SEAMOUNT; KASUGA SEAMOUNTS; WESTERN PACIFIC; MARIANA ARC; NEW-ZEALAND; EVOLUTION; MINERALIZATION; GEOCHEMISTRY C1 [Embley, R. W.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [de Ronde, C. E. J.] GNS Sci, Ocean Explorat, Lower Hutt 6315, New Zealand. [Ishibashi, J.] Kyushu Univ, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. RP Embley, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 2115 Oregon State Univ Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM robert.w.embley@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B8 AR B08S01 DI 10.1029/2008JB005871 PG 6 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 338NK UT WOS:000258514400004 ER PT J AU Bartels, A Heinecke, D Diddams, SA AF Bartels, A. Heinecke, D. Diddams, S. A. TI Passively mode-locked 10 GHz femtosecond Ti : sapphire laser SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID OPTICAL FREQUENCY COMB; REPETITION RATE; CALIBRATION; GENERATION; PRECISION AB We report a mode-locked Ti:sapphire femtosecond laser emitting 42 fs pulses at a 10 GHz repetition rate. When operated with a spectrally integrated average power greater than 1 W, the associated femtosecond laser frequency comb contains similar to 500 modes, each with power exceeding 1 mW. Spectral broadening in nonlinear microstructured fiber yields comb elements with individual powers greater than 1 nW over similar to 250 nm of spectral bandwidth. The modes of the emitted comb are resolved and imaged with a simple grating spectrometer and digital camera. Combined with absorption spectroscopy of rubidium vapor, this approach permits identification of the mode index and measurement of the carrier envelope offset frequency of the comb. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Bartels, A.] Gigaoptics GmbH, D-78462 Constance, Germany. [Bartels, A.; Heinecke, D.] Univ Konstanz, Ctr Appl Photon, D-78457 Constance, Germany. [Diddams, S. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bartels, A (reprint author), Gigaoptics GmbH, Blarerstr 56, D-78462 Constance, Germany. EM bartels@gigaoptics.com RI Bartels, Albrecht/B-3456-2009; Heinecke, Dirk/E-2952-2012; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 OI Heinecke, Dirk/0000-0001-7894-3066; FU National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX We thank Svenja Knappe for providing the rubidium vapor cell along with Leo Hollberg and Danielle Braje for helpful advice and discussions. We further thank Long-Sheng Ma and Shijun Xiao for thoughtful comments on this manuscript. Funding tor this work was provided in part by the National Institutes of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). NR 21 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 4 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 33 IS 16 BP 1905 EP 1907 DI 10.1364/OL.33.001905 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 347BH UT WOS:000259113300044 PM 18709128 ER PT J AU Platt, T Sathyendranath, S Forget, MH White, GN Caverhill, C Bouman, H Devred, E Son, S AF Platt, Trevor Sathyendranath, Shubha Forget, Marie-Helene White, George N., III Caverhill, Carla Bouman, Heather Devred, Emmanuel Son, SeungHyun TI Operational estimation of primary production at large geographical scales SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE primary production; operational oceanography; ocean colour; remote sensing; marine phytoplankton ID OCEAN PRIMARY PRODUCTION; COMMUNITY STRUCTURE; NORTHWEST ATLANTIC; CHLOROPHYLL-A; PHYTOPLANKTON; COLOR; PHOTOSYNTHESIS; TEMPERATURE; IRRADIANCE; MODELS AB A protocol is developed for calculation of phytoplankton production from remotely-sensed data in the operational mode. The key element is an objective assignment, on a pixel-by-pixel basis, of the parameters required to implement a primary production model (parameters of the photosynthesis-response function and of the vertical distribution of pigment biomass). In a regional context, the assignment is made by searching the archived data on these parameters according to the (remotely-sensed) chlorophyll concentration and surface temperature. We refer to this approach as the Nearest-Neighbour Method. The procedure is justified on the basis of the known variation of bio-optical properties of phytoplankton with chlorophyll and temperature as well as through consideration of the seasonal variation of watercolumn stratification and its effect on the vertical pigment profile. We illustrate the method, and its justification, using data from the Northwest Atlantic Ocean. Using data from an oceanographic expedition not included in the archive, we find that the parameters estimated in this way are not significantly different from those obtained by direct measurement. We estimate the error associated with parameter assignment on the calculated phytoplankton production to be about 27%. Some potential limitations of the method are discussed. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Forget, Marie-Helene] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Platt, Trevor; White, George N., III; Caverhill, Carla] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. [Sathyendranath, Shubha] Plymouth Marine Lab, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, England. [Bouman, Heather] Univ Oxford, Dept Earth Sci, Oxford OX1 3PR, England. [Devred, Emmanuel; Son, SeungHyun] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Oceanog, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Son, SeungHyun] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Forget, MH (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM mforget@dal.ca NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 0 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 8 BP 3437 EP 3448 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2007.11.018 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 331IW UT WOS:000258006900014 ER PT J AU Rukhin, AL Vallejos, R AF Rukhin, Andrew L. Vallejos, Ronny TI Codispersion coefficients for spatial and temporal series SO STATISTICS & PROBABILITY LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MODELS; ASSOCIATION; VARIABLES AB The paper gives explicit formulas for the first moments of a sample codispersion coefficient defined as a suitably normalized sum of products of increments for time or space sequences. Derived formulas allow for the optimal choice of the lag in several spatial and temporal models and lead to tests of independence and confidence intervals for correlation. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Rukhin, Andrew L.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Rukhin, Andrew L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Stat Engn Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vallejos, Ronny] Univ Valparaiso, Dept Estadist CIMFAV, Valparaiso, Chile. RP Rukhin, AL (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Math & Stat, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM rukhin@math.umbc.edu NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-7152 J9 STAT PROBABIL LETT JI Stat. Probab. Lett. PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 78 IS 11 BP 1290 EP 1300 DI 10.1016/j.spl.2007.11.017 PG 11 WC Statistics & Probability SC Mathematics GA 347TX UT WOS:000259165100007 ER PT J AU Fletcher, RA Brazin, JA Staymates, ME Benner, BA Gillen, JG AF Fletcher, Robert A. Brazin, Jacquelyn A. Staymates, Matthew E. Benner, Bruce A., Jr. Gillen, J. Greg TI Fabrication of polymer microsphere particle standards containing trace explosives using an oil/water emulsion solvent extraction piezoelectric printing process SO TALANTA LA English DT Article DE inkjet printing; polymer particles; encapsulation; standards; explosives; ion mobility spectrometry ID PLG MICROSPHERES; RELEASE AB We present a methodology for fabricating polymer microspheres using inkjet printing of a biodegradable polymer containing either high explosives or high explosive simulant. Poly(DL-lactide/glycolide) 85:15 (PLGA) microsphere production is based on an oil/water emulsion solvent extraction process. The inkjet printing process allows for precise control of the microsphere diameter and the chemical composition. The microspheres can be used as calibrants or verification standards for explosives trace detection instruments. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis demonstrated that the composition of the microspheres was consistent with predicted concentrations based on the amount of analyte incorporated into the polymer solution and the inkjet operating parameters. We have demonstrated that the microspheres can be fabricated with a mass fraction of 70% of an analyte compound. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Fletcher, Robert A.; Staymates, Matthew E.; Benner, Bruce A., Jr.; Gillen, J. Greg] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brazin, Jacquelyn A.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP Fletcher, RA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr Stop 8371, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM robert.fletcher@nist.gov NR 15 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 4 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0039-9140 J9 TALANTA JI Talanta PD AUG 15 PY 2008 VL 76 IS 4 BP 949 EP 955 DI 10.1016/j.talanta.2008.04.066 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 338DM UT WOS:000258485700038 PM 18656683 ER PT J AU Wang, SP Golaz, JC Wang, Q AF Wang, Shouping Golaz, Jean-Christophe Wang, Qing TI Effect of intense wind shear across the inversion on stratocumulus clouds SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; CAPE MENDOCINO; SIMULATIONS; AIRCRAFT; DYNAMICS; BUDGETS; LAYERS AB A large-eddy simulation model is used to examine the impact of the intense cross-inversion wind shear on the stratocumulus cloud structure. The wind shear enhanced entrainment mixing effectively reduces the cloud water and thickens the inversion layer. It leads to a reduction of the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) production in the cloud layer due to the weakened cloud-top radiative cooling and the formation of a turbulent and cloud free sublayer within the inversion. The thickness of the sublayer increases with the enhanced wind shear intensity. Under the condition of a weaker inversion, the enhanced shear mixing within the inversion layer even lowers the cloud-top height and reduces the entrainment velocity. Finally, increasing wind shear or reducing inversion strength tends to create an inversion layer with a constant bulk Richardson number (similar to 0.3), suggesting that an equilibrium value of the Richardson number is reached. C1 [Wang, Shouping] USN, Res Lab, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Golaz, Jean-Christophe] Princeton Univ, UCAR VSP, GFDL, NOAA, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Wang, Qing] USN, Postgrad Sch, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. RP Wang, SP (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 7 Grace Hopper,MS2, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. EM wang@nrlmry.navy.mil RI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/D-5007-2014 OI Golaz, Jean-Christophe/0000-0003-1616-5435 FU Office of Naval Research (ONR) [0602435N]; NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory; University Corporation for Atmospheric Research; ONR [N0001407WR20229] FX We thank Ming Liu for implementing the new radiation package in COAMPS-LES, Qingfang Jiang for many useful discussions, and James Doyle for comments on an early version of the paper. We also greatly appreciate two reviewers' constructive comments, which result in improvement in the presentation. S. Wang acknowledges the support from the Office of Naval Research (ONR) under program element (PE) 0602435N. J.-C. Golaz was supported by the Visiting Scientist Program at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research. Qing Wang acknowledges the ONR support under N0001407WR20229. COAMPS (R) is a registered trade mark of the Naval Research Laboratory. NR 16 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 15 AR L15814 DI 10.1029/2008GL033865 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 338LO UT WOS:000258509500002 ER PT J AU Mecking, S Langdon, C Feely, RA Sabine, CL Deutsch, CA Min, DH AF Mecking, Sabine Langdon, Chris Feely, Richard A. Sabine, Christopher L. Deutsch, Curtis A. Min, Dong-Ha TI Climate variability in the North Pacific thermocline diagnosed from oxygen measurements: An update based on the US CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography cruises SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; REDFIELD RATIOS; OCEAN; WATER; 1980S AB New observations of oxygen variability in the North Pacific Ocean are reported on the basis of comparison of the U. S. Climate Variability and Predictability and Carbon (CLIVAR/CO2) Repeat Hydrography sections conducted along 30 degrees N (2004) and 152 degrees W (2006) with the earlier World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) data and other cruises along these sections. The largest changes in apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) continue to occur, as found in earlier North Pacific repeat section analyses, within the thermocline on sigma(theta) = 26.6 kg m(-3), which is the densest isopycnal to outcrop in the open North Pacific in climatological data. In the northeastern North Pacific along 152 degrees W, where a total of five cruises (1980, 1984, 1991, 1997, and 2006) spanning a period of 26 years are available, the AOU changes correspond to an overall increase in AOU on sigma(theta) = 26.6 kg m(-3) from the 1980s/early 1990s to 2006. However, from 1997 to 2006 a decrease in AOU is observed within the boundary region between the subtropical and subpolar gyres at 40 degrees-45 degrees N. Along the center axis of the subtropical gyre at 30 degrees N, where two cruises are available (1994 and 2004), AOU has also substantially increased on sigma(theta) = 26.6 kg m(-3) from 1994 to 2004 in the eastern part of the section. The repeat section data along 152 degrees W and 30 degrees N are consistent with a pattern of decadal-scale ventilation anomalies that originate in the northwestern Pacific, possibly through variability (including cessation) of the sigma(theta)= 26.6 kg m(-3) outcrop, travel eastward along the subtropical-subpolar gyre boundary, and enter the northern portion of the subtropical gyre along the way. For the 152 degrees W AOU data within the gyre boundary region (40 degrees-45 degrees N), good agreement exists with the close-by time series data from Ocean Station P (50 degrees N, 145 degrees W) where a bidecadal cycle in AOU has been observed. In contrast, a sensible correlation with the Pacific Decadal Oscillation could not be found. C1 [Mecking, Sabine] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Langdon, Chris] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Feely, Richard A.; Sabine, Christopher L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Deutsch, Curtis A.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Min, Dong-Ha] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Port Aransas, TX 78373 USA. RP Mecking, S (reprint author), Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, 1013 NE 40th St, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM smecking@apl.washington.edu; clangdon@rsmas.miami.edu; richard.a.feely@noaa.gov; Chris.Sabine@noaa.gov; cdeutsch@atmos.ucla.edu; dongha@mail.utexas.edu RI Deutsch, Curtis/D-1703-2011; Mecking, Stefan/E-6991-2012 OI Mecking, Stefan/0000-0002-6618-6659 FU NOAA; NSF; Joint Institute of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) [NA17RJ1232]; NOAA/PMEL; University of Texas Marine Science Institute FX We would like to thank the captains, crew, and science parties of the North Pacific CLIVAR/CO2 cruises and of all other cruises shown for their hard work in collecting the data. Yuichiro Kumamoto kindly provided us with the annual averaged and interpolated AOU data at Station P (bottle data available at http://www.pac.dfompo.gc.ca/sci/osap/projects/linepdata/default_e.htm). Constructive comments by two anonymous reviewers and the Associate Editor are greatly appreciated. We would also like to thank the funding agencies, NOAA and NSF, for their continuous support of the CLIVAR/CO2 Repeat Hydrography Program. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative agreement NA17RJ1232, contribution 1428. This is NOAA/PMEL contribution 3093 and the University of Texas Marine Science Institute contribution 1469. NR 33 TC 36 Z9 37 U1 2 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 AR GB3015 DI 10.1029/2007GB003101 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 338LU UT WOS:000258510200001 ER PT J AU Divakarla, M Barnet, C Goldberg, M Maddy, E Irion, F Newchurch, M Liu, XP Wolf, W Flynn, L Labow, G Xiong, XZ Wei, J Zhou, LH AF Divakarla, Murty Barnet, Christopher Goldberg, Mitchell Maddy, Eric Irion, Fredrick Newchurch, Mike Liu, Xingpin Wolf, Walter Flynn, Lawrence Labow, Gordon Xiong, Xiaozhen Wei, Jennifer Zhou, Lihang TI Evaluation of Atmospheric Infrared Sounder ozone profiles and total ozone retrievals with matched ozonesonde measurements, ECMWF ozone data, and Ozone Monitoring Instrument retrievals SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID MODEL; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; PRODUCTS AB An evaluation of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) version 4 (V4) and version 5 (V5) retrieved ozone profiles and the total column ozone is performed using collocated ozonesonde (O3SND) profiles and total ozone measurements from the World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Center (WOUDC) archives. Using O(3)SNDs and Brewer/Dobson Network (BD) measurements as the truth, bias and root-mean-squared (RMS) difference statistics are computed for the AIRS ozone profile retrievals and the derived total ozone. In addition, global monthly maps of total ozone generated for the AIRS retrievals are compared with the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the Solar Backscatter Ultra Violet (SBUV/2) instrument derived maps to evaluate the characteristic trends and seasonal cycle depicted by the AIRS retrieval. The results of the validation exercise reveal that the AIRS V5 algorithm significantly improves the ozone profile retrieval biases and RMS differences for the lower troposphere and, especially, over the tropical region where the V4 algorithm shows larger discrepancies with the O3SND measurements. The V5 retrieval biases with global O3SNDs are less than 5% for both the stratosphere and the troposphere. The RMS differences are less than 20% for the upper stratosphere and are close to 20% for the lower stratosphere and the troposphere. Total ozone amounts from both the V4 and V5 versions agree well with the global BD station measurements with a bias of less than 4% and an RMS difference of approximately 8%. Analysis of V5 total ozone monthly maps reveals that the V5 ozone retrievals depict seasonal trends and patterns in concurrence with OMI and SBUV/2 observations. C1 [Divakarla, Murty] IM Syst Grp Inc, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. [Barnet, Christopher; Goldberg, Mitchell; Wolf, Walter; Flynn, Lawrence] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Maddy, Eric; Liu, Xingpin; Xiong, Xiaozhen; Wei, Jennifer; Zhou, Lihang] QSS Grp Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Irion, Fredrick] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Newchurch, Mike] Univ Alabama, Dept Atmospher Sci, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Labow, Gordon] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Divakarla, M (reprint author), IM Syst Grp Inc, 6309 Execut Blvd, Rockville, MD 20852 USA. EM murty.divakarla@noaa.gov; chris.barnet@noaa.gov; mitch.goldberg@noaa.gov; eric.maddy@noaa.gov; bill.irion@jpl.nasa.gov; mike@nsstc.uah.edu; xingpin.liu@noaa.gov; walter.wolf@noaa.gov; lawrence.e.flynn@noaa.gov; labow@lglass.gsfc.nasa.gov; xiaozhen.xiong@noaa.gov; jennifer.wei@noaa.gov; lihang.zhou@noaa.gov RI Flynn, Lawrence/B-6321-2009; Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Divakarla, Murty/E-7936-2011; Wolf, Walter/E-7935-2011; Zhou, Lihang/E-7938-2011; Xiong, Xiaozhen/F-6591-2010 OI Flynn, Lawrence/0000-0001-6856-2614; Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X; Divakarla, Murty/0000-0002-0399-3381; Wolf, Walter/0000-0002-2102-8833; Zhou, Lihang/0000-0001-6232-2871; NR 23 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15308 DI 10.1029/2007JD009317 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 338LY UT WOS:000258510600001 ER PT J AU Maus, S Silva, L Hulot, G AF Maus, Stefan Silva, Luis Hulot, Gauthier TI Can core-surface flow models be used to improve the forecast of the Earth's main magnetic field? SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SOLID EARTH LA English DT Article ID GEOMAGNETIC REFERENCE FIELD; SECULAR VARIATION; MANTLE BOUNDARY; WAVELET ANALYSIS; SATELLITE DATA; FLUID-FLOW; OUTER-CORE; JERKS; MOTIONS; LENGTH AB Geomagnetic main field models used for navigation are updated every 5 years and contain a forecast of the geomagnetic secular variation for the upcoming epoch. Forecasting secular variation is a difficult task. The change of the main magnetic field is thought to be principally due to advection of the field by flow at the surface of the outer core on short timescales and when large length scales are considered. With accurate secular variation (SV) and secular acceleration (SA) models now available from new satellite missions, inverting for the flow and advecting it forward could lead to a more accurate prediction of the main field. However, this scheme faces two significant challenges. The first arises from the truncation of the observable main field at spherical harmonic degree 13. This can however be handled if the true core flow is large scale and has a rapidly decaying energy spectrum. The second is that even at a given single epoch the instantaneous SV and SA cannot simultaneously be explained by a steady flow. Nevertheless, we find that it may be feasible to use flow models for an improved temporal extrapolation of the main field. A medium-term (approximate to 10 years) hindcast of the field using a steady flow model outperforms the usual extrapolation using the presently observed SV and SA. On the other hand, our accelerated, toroidal flow model, which explains a larger portion of the observed average SA over the 2000 - 2005 period, fails to improve both the short-term and medium-term hindcasts of the field. This somewhat paradoxical result is related to the occurrence of so-called geomagnetic jerks, the still poorly known dynamical nature of which remains the main obstacle to improved geomagnetic field forecasts. C1 [Maus, Stefan] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Maus, Stefan] NOAA E GC1, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Maus, Stefan; Silva, Luis; Hulot, Gauthier] Univ Paris Diderot, CNRS, INSU, Inst Phys Globe Paris,Equipe Geomagnetisme, Paris, France. RP Maus, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM stefan.maus@noaa.gov RI Hulot, Gauthier/A-5627-2011; Silva, Luis/D-3883-2011; OI Silva, Luis/0000-0003-3421-0009; Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 NR 45 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9313 EI 2169-9356 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SOL EA JI J. Geophys. Res.-Solid Earth PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 113 IS B8 AR B08102 DI 10.1029/2007JB005199 PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 338NJ UT WOS:000258514300001 ER PT J AU Zhou, HD Wiebe, CR Harter, A Dalal, NS Gardner, JS AF Zhou, H. D. Wiebe, C. R. Harter, A. Dalal, N. S. Gardner, J. S. TI Unconventional spin glass behavior in the cubic pyrochlore Mn(2)Sb(2)O(7) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS-CONDENSED MATTER LA English DT Article ID Y2MO2O7 AB The new pyrochlore Mn(2)Sb(2)O(7) has been synthesized via a low-temperature method to retain cubic Fd (3) over barm symmetry. The resulting material has an unconventional spin glass state at T(SG) similar to 41 K, in the absence of detectable site disorder or a structural phase transition. A peak in the DC susceptibility at T(SG), and a characteristic shift in the real part of the AC susceptibility was noted, but with a slightly more dynamic state than predicted through the typical Mydosh spin glass parameter of Delta T(SG)/[T(SG) log(omega)]. Time-dependent magnetization measurements show glassy behavior below 41 K. Elastic neutron scattering measurements on powder samples show significant magnetic diffuse scattering from the Mn spins beneath the transition, similar to the scattering observed in the spin liquid Tb(2)Ti(2)O(7). The dynamic character of Mn(2)Sb(2)O(7) is inferred to arise from the frustration inherent within the pyrochlore lattice. C1 [Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.; Harter, A.; Dalal, N. S.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Harter, A.; Dalal, N. S.] Florida State Univ, Dept Chem, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Zhou, HD (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM cwiebe@magnet.fsu.edu RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016 NR 16 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 15 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-8984 J9 J PHYS-CONDENS MAT JI J. Phys.-Condes. Matter PD AUG 13 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 32 AR 325201 DI 10.1088/0953-8984/20/32/325201 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 329BH UT WOS:000257841400008 ER PT J AU DeLongchamp, DM Kline, RJ Jung, Y Lin, EK Fischer, DA Gundlach, DJ Cotts, SK Moad, AJ Richter, LJ Toney, MF Heeney, M McCulloch, I AF DeLongchamp, Dean M. Kline, R. Joseph Jung, Youngsuk Lin, Eric K. Fischer, Daniel A. Gundlach, David J. Cotts, Sarah K. Moad, Andrew J. Richter, Lee J. Toney, Michael F. Heeney, Martin McCulloch, Iain TI Molecular basis of mesophase ordering in a thiophene-based copolymer SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; LIQUID-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS; THIN-FILM TRANSISTORS; POLARIZED ELECTROLUMINESCENCE; CARRIER MOBILITY; POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE); POLYFLUORENE; TRANSITION; MORPHOLOGY; WEIGHT AB The carrier mobility of poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) semiconductors can be substantially enhanced after heating through a thermotropic mesophase transition, which causes a significant improvement in thin film structural order. By directly measuring film structure throughout a heating and cooling cycle, we identify the molecular origin of this mesophase transition as the melting of interdigitated linear alkane side chains, in this case quaterdecyl. The morphology and phase behavior throughout the thermal cycle are controlled by the changing conformation of the side chains. Surprisingly, the melting of the side chains allows increases in the backbone order, pi-pi stacking, and carrier mobility. Upon cooling, the side chains recrystallize to preserve the excellent mesophase order and enhanced electrical performance. C1 [DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Kline, R. Joseph; Jung, Youngsuk; Lin, Eric K.; Fischer, Daniel A.; Gundlach, David J.; Cotts, Sarah K.; Moad, Andrew J.; Richter, Lee J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Toney, Michael F.] Stanford Synchrotron Radiat Lab, Menlo Pk, CA 94025 USA. [Heeney, Martin] Univ London, Dept Mat, London E1 4NS, England. [McCulloch, Iain] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Chem, London SW7 2AZ, England. RP DeLongchamp, DM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM deand@nist.gov RI Kline, Regis/B-8557-2008; Heeney, Martin/O-1916-2013; Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Heeney, Martin/0000-0001-6879-5020; Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 35 TC 59 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD AUG 12 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 15 BP 5709 EP 5715 DI 10.1021/ma800440f PG 7 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 334MP UT WOS:000258226200029 ER PT J AU Faunce, CH Serafy, JE AF Faunce, Craig H. Serafy, Joseph E. TI Growth and secondary production of an eventual reef fish during mangrove residency SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE essential fish habitat; growth; Lurianus griseus; production; visual survey; Florida ID SNAPPER LUTJANUS-GRISEUS; GRAY SNAPPER; FUNDULUS-HETEROCLITUS; LEIOSTOMUS-XANTHURUS; TIDAL CREEKS; POPULATION-DYNAMICS; SEAGRASS BEDS; CORAL-REEF; SALT-MARSH; HABITATS AB Hierarchical data frameworks have been proposed to determine the relative value of fish habitats. Although conceptually accurate, judgments as to which habitat is more "essential" are limited by a lack of available information. This work provides much needed growth and production rates for gray snapper (Luyanus griseus), an ontogenetic habitat shifting reef fish, during mangrove residency. Ages were estimated using modal progression analysis of length-frequency distributions coupled with a biologically-realistic spawning date. Growth estimates place age-1 L. griseus at 155 mm (TL), age-2 at 243, and age-3 at 302 mm. These size-at-age estimates are consistent with otolith-based studies and are a natural extension of linear growth models for early juveniles. Luoanus griseus primarily use southeastern Florida mangrove shoreline habitats for approximately 2 years between 0.86 and 2.84 years of age. Corresponding production: biomass ratios for these cohorts were 1.51 and 0.90. While these values are similar to other estimates for fishes inhabiting vegetated coastal wetlands in North America, they are much less than new estimates from a Bahamian mangrove creek system. These new data highlight important differences between the habitat value of mangrove shorelines of continental (low-relief) and island (high-relief) systems. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Faunce, Craig H.; Serafy, Joseph E.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Serafy, Joseph E.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Faunce, CH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM craig.faunce@noaa.gov NR 63 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 4 U2 13 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD AUG 10 PY 2008 VL 79 IS 1 BP 93 EP 100 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2008.03.006 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 330XY UT WOS:000257977300012 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY Heymsfield, AJ AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. Heymsfield, Andrew J. TI Estimating ice content and extinction in precipitating cloud systems from CloudSat radar measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-CONTENT; RETRIEVAL ALGORITHMS; REFLECTIVITY; TEMPERATURE; SNOWFALL AB Relations between W band radar reflectivity and ice cloud water content and visible extinction coefficient are developed using a large microphysical data set. These relations are specifically tuned for CloudSat radar to derive ice content and optical thickness of ice parts of precipitating systems where other types of measurements have limitations. Accounting for nonsphericity is essential for larger particles, which produce higher reflectivities (Z(e) > 0 dBZ) and often dominate ice content of precipitating clouds. Typical values of median sizes in such clouds are about 1-2 mm, and they vary modestly. The modest particle size variability and strong non-Rayleigh scattering reduce data scatter in the derived relations and increase an exponent in best fit power law approximations for ice water content-reflectivity and extinction-reflectivity relations. The data scatter for high-reflectivity clouds is smaller than for low-reflectivity nonprecipitating clouds. It is about 33% for the reflectivity-ice water content relation, and it is about 50% for the reflectivity-extinction relation. For higher reflectivities, the temperature dependence of the ice water content-reflectivity relations is not very distinct, and uncertainties due to temperature variations are not expected to be high compared to possible errors due to particle shape variability. Uncertainties in particle aspect ratio, mass-size relation assumptions, and underrepresentation of smaller particles in samples can produce additional retrieval errors, so cloud ice content estimates can have uncertainties of about 50%, and extinction estimates can have uncertainties as large as a factor of 2. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Heymsfield, Andrew J.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov RI Heymsfield, Andrew/E-7340-2011 NR 26 TC 26 Z9 27 U1 1 U2 7 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 9 PY 2008 VL 113 AR D00A05 DI 10.1029/2007JD009633 PG 8 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 336BP UT WOS:000258339600001 ER PT J AU Case, AW Spence, HE Owens, MJ Riley, P Odstrcil, D AF Case, A. W. Spence, H. E. Owens, M. J. Riley, P. Odstrcil, D. TI Ambient solar wind's effect on ICME transit times SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; INNER HELIOSPHERE; AERODYNAMIC DRAG; ARRIVAL-TIME; EARTH; PREDICTIONS; EVOLUTION; MODEL AB Most empirical and numerical models of Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejection (ICME) propagation use the initial CME velocity as their primary, if not only, observational input. These models generally predict a wide spread of 1 AU transit times for ICMEs with the same initial velocity. We use a 3D coupled MHD model of the corona and heliosphere to determine the ambient solar wind's effect on the propagation of ICMEs from 30 solar radii to 1 AU. We quantitatively characterize this deceleration by the velocity of the upstream ambient solar wind. The effects of varying solar wind parameters on the ICME transit time are quantified and can explain the observed spread in transit times for ICMEs of the same initial velocity. We develop an adjustment formula that can be used in conjunction with other models to reduce the spread in predicted transit times of Earth-directed ICMEs. C1 [Case, A. W.; Spence, H. E.; Owens, M. J.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Riley, P.] Sci Applicat Int Corp, San Diego, CA 92121 USA. RP Case, AW (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM tonycase@gmail.com RI Owens, Mathew/B-3006-2010; Spence, Harlan/A-1942-2011; OI Owens, Mathew/0000-0003-2061-2453; Spence, Harlan/0000-0002-2526-2205 NR 27 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 15 AR L15105 DI 10.1029/2008GL034493 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 336BE UT WOS:000258338500002 ER PT J AU Zhang, Y Sun, W Feng, XS Deehr, CS Fry, CD Dryer, M AF Zhang, Y. Sun, W. Feng, X. S. Deehr, C. S. Fry, C. D. Dryer, M. TI Statistical analysis of corotating interaction regions and their geoeffectiveness during solar cycle 23 SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID HELIOSPHERIC CURRENT SHEET; SOLAR-WIND DISTURBANCES; GEOMAGNETIC-ACTIVITY; GNEVYSHEV GAP; ARRIVAL TIMES; SPACE WEATHER; APRIL 2001; STORMS; CYCLE; STREAMS AB This is an investigation of the effects of corotating interaction regions (CIRs) in the heliosphere (< 1 AU) on geomagnetic disturbances during solar cycle 23 (1996-2005). Three kinds of interplanetary structures, "pure'' CIR, interaction of CIR with ICME, and "pure'' ICME by transient events, are identified by using the Hakamada-Akasofu-Fry (HAF) solar wind model. Yearly occurrence of 157 "pure'' CIRs has a minimum value in 2001 and a peak value in 2003 at the declining phase during the 23rd solar cycle. The maximum correlation coefficient of the daily sum of Kp indices between consecutive Carrington Rotations indicates that recurrent geomagnetic disturbances are dominant during the declining phase near solar minimum. Eighty percent of storms that are related to "pure'' CIRs belong to weak and moderate storms. The statistical analysis shows that about 50% of CIRs produce classical interplanetary shocks during the descending phase and 89% of the CIR-related shocks are followed by geomagnetic storms. These results demonstrate that CIR-related shock is not a necessary condition for generating a magnetic storm, but most CIR-related shocks are related to a storm. The Dst index that corresponds to CIR-related storms has a better linear relationship with IMF Bz, Ey, and the coupling function (epsilon) when the Dst indices are higher than -100 nT. Finally, the geoeffectiveness of CIRs appears clearly to have a seasonal variation. C1 [Zhang, Y.; Feng, X. S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, State Key Lab Space Weather, SIGMA,Solar Interplanetary Geomagnet Weather Grp, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Zhang, Y.] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. [Sun, W.; Deehr, C. S.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Geophys, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Fry, C. D.; Dryer, M.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL 35806 USA. [Dryer, M.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Zhang, Y (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Space Sci & Appl Res, State Key Lab Space Weather, SIGMA,Solar Interplanetary Geomagnet Weather Grp, POB 8701, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. EM yzhang@spaceweather.ac.cn; wsun_1939@yahoo.com; fengx@spaceweather.ac.cn; cdeehr@gi.alaska.edu; gfry@expi.com; murray.dryer@noaa.gov NR 33 TC 14 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD AUG 8 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A8 AR A08106 DI 10.1029/2008JA013095 PG 13 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 336CN UT WOS:000258342000003 ER PT J AU Maska, MM Lemanski, R Freericks, JK Williams, CJ AF Maska, M. M. Lemanski, R. Freericks, J. K. Williams, C. J. TI Pattern formation in mixtures of ultracold atoms in optical lattices SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FALICOV-KIMBALL MODEL; HUBBARD-MODEL; SEGREGATION AB Regular pattern formation is ubiquitous in nature; it occurs in biological, physical, and materials science systems. Here we propose a set of experiments with ultracold atoms that show how to examine different types of pattern formation. In particular, we show how one can see the analog of labyrinthine patterns (so-called quantum emulsions) in mixtures of light and heavy atoms (that tend to phase separate) by tuning the trap potential and we show how complex geometrically ordered patterns emerge (when the mixtures do not phase separate), which could be employed for low-temperature thermometry. The complex physical mechanisms for the pattern formation at zero temperature are understood within a theoretical analysis called the local density approximation. C1 [Maska, M. M.] Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. [Lemanski, R.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Low Temp & Struct Res, PL-50422 Wroclaw, Poland. [Freericks, J. K.] Georgetown Univ, Dept Phys, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Williams, C. J.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Maska, MM (reprint author), Silesian Univ, Inst Phys, Dept Theoret Phys, PL-40007 Katowice, Poland. RI Williams, Carl/B-5877-2009; Freericks, James/D-7502-2011; Maska, Maciej/C-5810-2008; OI Maska, Maciej/0000-0003-2214-3283; Freericks, James/0000-0002-6232-9165 FU Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education [1 P03B 071 30.]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0705266]; Army Research Office [W911NF0710576]; Office of Science of the Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725] FX M. M. M. acknowledges support from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education under Grant No. 1 P03B 071 30. J.K.F. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-0705266 and from the Army Research Office under Grant No. W911NF0710576 with funds from the DARPA OLE Program. This research used resources of the National Center for Computational Sciences at Oak Ridge National Laboratory which is supported by the Office of Science of the Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725. NR 15 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD AUG 8 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 AR 060404 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.060404 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 338VX UT WOS:000258538600004 PM 18764441 ER PT J AU Rhodes, LD Nguyen, OT Deinhard, RK White, TM Harrell, LW Roberts, MC AF Rhodes, Linda D. Nguyen, Oanh T. Deinhard, Rebecca K. White, Teresa M. Harrell, Lee W. Roberts, Marilyn C. TI Characterization of Renibacterium salmoninarum with reduced susceptibility to macrolide antibiotics by a standardized antibiotic susceptibility test SO DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS LA English DT Article DE antimicrobial agent susceptibility testing; macrolide antibiotic; reduced susceptibility; Renibacterium salmoninarum; bacterial kidney disease ID ORALLY-ADMINISTERED ERYTHROMYCIN; BACTERIAL KIDNEY-DISEASE; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; VERTICAL TRANSMISSION; ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY; CAUSATIVE AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; RESISTANCE; ACCUMULATION AB Three cohorts of juvenile and subadult Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha received multiple treatments with macrolide antibiotics for bacterial kidney disease (BKD) during rearing in a captive broodstock program. A total of 77 mortalities among the cohorts were screened for Renibacterium salmoninarum, the etiologic agent of BKD, by agar culture from kidney, and isolates from 7 fish were suitable for growth testing in the presence of macrolide antibiotics. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of erythromycin and azithromycin was determined by a modification of the standardized broth assay using defined medium. The American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) type strain 33209 exhibited a MIC of 0.008 mu g ml(-1) to either erythromycin or azithromycin. Isolates from 3 fish displayed MICs identical to the MICs for the ATCC type strain 33209. In contrast, isolates from 4 fish exhibited higher MICs, ranging between 0.125 and 0.250 mu g ml(-1) for erythromycin and between 0.016 and 0.031 mu g ml(-1) for azithromycin. Sequence analysis of the mutational hotspots for macrolide resistance in the 23S rDNA gene and the open reading frames of ribosomal proteins L4 and L22 found identical sequences among all isolates, indicating that the phenotype was not due to mutations associated with the drug-binding site of 23S rRNA. These results are the first report of R. salmoninarum with reduced susceptibility to macrolide antibiotics isolated from fish receiving multiple antibiotic treatments. C1 [Rhodes, Linda D.; Nguyen, Oanh T.; Harrell, Lee W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Deinhard, Rebecca K.] Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commiss, Portland, OR 97202 USA. [White, Teresa M.; Roberts, Marilyn C.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Rhodes, LD (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM linda.rhodes@noaa.gov OI Rhodes, Linda/0000-0003-4995-9426 FU Bonneville Power Administration [1993-056-00]; NOAA Fisheries (US Department of Commerce); University of Washington-Howard Hughes Integrative Biology Research Internship Program FX Kidney ELISA values were provided by S. Onjukka (Oregon Department of Fish and Game), and C. K. Rathbone (Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission) assisted in tissue antibiotic assays. Fish were cultured by W, McAuley, D. Frost (NOAA Fisheries), and B. Kluver (Pacific States Marine Fisheries Commission). Funding support provided by Bonneville Power Administration (project # 1993-056-00), NOAA Fisheries (US Department of Commerce), and the University of Washington-Howard Hughes Integrative Biology Research Internship Program. Mention of trade names or commercial products in the paper is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement, NR 37 TC 6 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 7 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0177-5103 J9 DIS AQUAT ORGAN JI Dis. Aquat. Org. PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 3 BP 173 EP 180 DI 10.3354/dao01959 PG 8 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 344PW UT WOS:000258940800001 PM 18814542 ER PT J AU Kara, AB Barron, CN Wallcraft, AJ Oguz, T Casey, KS AF Kara, A. B. Barron, C. N. Wallcraft, A. J. Oguz, T. Casey, K. S. TI Advantages of fine resolution SSTs for small ocean basins: Evaluation in the Black Sea SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE TEMPERATURE; SATELLITE; ALGORITHM; SITU AB This paper examines monthly variability of climatological mean sea surface temperature (SST) in the Black Sea. A total of eight products, including observation-and model-based SST climatologies, are formed and compared with each other. Some of the observation-based SST data sets include only satellite measurements, while others combine in situ temperatures, such as those from moored and drifter buoys, with satellite data. Climatologies for numerical weather prediction (NWP) model-based data sets are formed using high temporal resolution (6 hourly) surface temperatures. Spatial resolution of these SST products varies greatly (approximate to 4 km to 280 km), with the observation-based climatologies typically finer than the NWP-based climatologies. In the interior, all data sets are in general agreement, with annual mean SST biases typically within +/- 0.2 degrees C in comparison to the finest resolution (4 km) satellite-based Pathfinder climatology. Major differences are near the land-sea boundaries where model-based SSTs pose serious biases (as much as > 5 degrees C). Such errors are due to improper contamination of surface temperatures over land since coarse resolution model-based products cannot distinguish land and sea near the coastal boundaries. A creeping sea-fill interpolation improves accuracy of coastal SSTs from NWP climatologies, such as European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast. All climatologies are also evaluated against historical in situ SSTs during 1942-2007. These comparisons confirm the relatively better accuracy of the observation-based climatologies. C1 [Kara, A. B.; Barron, C. N.; Wallcraft, A. J.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Casey, K. S.] NOAA, Natl Oceanog Data Ctr, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Oguz, T.] Middle E Tech Univ, Inst Marine Sci, TR-33731 Erdemli, Icel, Turkey. RP Kara, AB (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM birol.kara@nrlssc.navy.mil; oguz@ims.metu.edu.tr; kenneth.casey@noaa.gov RI Casey, Kenneth/D-4065-2013; Barron, Charlie/C-1451-2008 OI Casey, Kenneth/0000-0002-6052-7117; NR 21 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C8 AR C08013 DI 10.1029/2007JC004569 PG 15 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 336CA UT WOS:000258340700003 ER PT J AU Kwon, EY Primeau, F AF Kwon, Eun Young Primeau, Francois TI Optimization and sensitivity of a global biogeochemistry ocean model using combined in situ DIC, alkalinity, and phosphate data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION-MODEL; ORGANIC-MATTER; PACIFIC; CYCLE; EXCHANGE; IMPACT; LAYER AB We present a systematic parameter optimization and sensitivity analysis of a three-dimensional global ocean biogeochemistry model. We use the global data sets of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), alkalinity, and phosphate to constrain the parameters of a biogeochemistry model which include the stoichiometric ratios rC: P and rN: P, the fraction s of organic material production allocated to dissolved organic matter (DOM), the lifetime 1/k of DOM, the exponent a in the power law for the depth profile of the remineralization of particulate organic carbon (POC), the rain ratio R of CaCO3, and the e-folding length scale d for the depth profile of CaCO3 dissolution. The data-constrained parameter values are rC: P = 137 +/- 11, s = 0.74 +/- 0.04, 1/k = 1.7 +/- 0.5 years, a = -0.97 +/- 0.07, R = 0.081 +/- 0.008, and d = 2100 +/- 300 m. The postoptimization carbon export from POC is 15 +/- 1 Gt/a and from CaCO3 is 1.2 +/- 0.1 Gt/a of which 67 +/- 4% dissolves above 2000 m. The +/- ranges indicate an average 1% decrease in the fraction of the spatial variance in the observed tracer data captured by the model. The sensitivity of the model to its parameters is presented in terms of sensitivity patterns defined as the derivative of the model's equilibrium tracer distribution with respect to the parameters (S patterns). The soft-tissue, carbonate, and gas exchange pump mechanisms responsible for the sensitivities are presented. The pump decomposition of the S patterns illustrates quantitatively how changes in organic and inorganic carbon fluxes are coupled with the large-scale ocean circulation and how the gas exchange pump couples to the global ventilation patterns through changes in surface chemistry. C1 [Kwon, Eun Young] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Kwon, Eun Young; Primeau, Francois] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Earth Syst Sci, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Kwon, EY (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, 300 Forrestal Rd,Sayre Hall, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM ekwon@princeton.edu; fprimeau@uci.edu RI Primeau, Francois /A-7310-2011 OI Primeau, Francois /0000-0001-7452-9415 NR 34 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C8 AR C08011 DI 10.1029/2007JC004520 PG 23 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 336CA UT WOS:000258340700002 ER PT J AU Lehman, JH Hurst, KE Roberson, LK Nield, K Hamlin, JD AF Lehman, John H. Hurst, Katherine E. Roberson, Lara K. Nield, Kathryn Hamlin, John D. TI Inverted spectra of single-wall carbon nanotube films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY C LA English DT Article ID SPECTROSCOPY; PURITY AB We present absolute measurements of reflectance and absorbance for a purified single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) film. The absorbance spectrum of a SWCNT-laminated pyroelectric detector for wavelengths 0.6-2 mu m is inverted when compared to absorbance data in the literature, which is typically inferred by reciprocity from transmissivity measured by a spectrophotometer. This surprising behavior has been corroborated by diffuse reflectance measurements and suggests that reflectance dominates absorption for wavelengths near excitonic transitions. C1 [Lehman, John H.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Ind Res Ltd, Measurement Stand Lab New Zealand, Lower Hutt, New Zealand. RP Lehman, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM lehman@boulder.nist.gov NR 17 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1932-7447 J9 J PHYS CHEM C JI J. Phys. Chem. C PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 31 BP 11776 EP 11778 DI 10.1021/jp804683z PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 333IW UT WOS:000258147200027 ER PT J AU Stewart, JT Gaebler, JP Jin, DS AF Stewart, J. T. Gaebler, J. P. Jin, D. S. TI Using photoemission spectroscopy to probe a strongly interacting Fermi gas SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID SUPERFLUIDITY AB Ultracold atomic gases provide model systems in which to study many-body quantum physics. Recent experiments using Fermi gases have demonstrated a phase transition to a superfluid state with strong interparticle interactions(1-6). This system provides a realization of the 'BCS-BEC crossover'(7) connecting the physics of Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) superconductivity with that of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs). Although many aspects of this system have been investigated, it has not yet been possible to measure the single-particle excitation spectrum (a fundamental property directly predicted by many-body theories). Here we use photoemission spectroscopy to directly probe the elementary excitations and energy dispersion in a strongly interacting Fermi gas of K-40 atoms. In the experiments, a radio-frequency photon ejects an atom from the strongly interacting system by means of a spin-flip transition to a weakly interacting state. We measure the occupied density of single-particle states at the cusp of the BCS-BEC crossover and on the BEC side of the crossover, and compare these results to that for a nearly ideal Fermi gas. We show that, near the critical temperature, the single-particle spectral function is dramatically altered in a way that is consistent with a large pairing gap. Our results probe the many-body physics in a way that could be compared to data for the high-transition-temperature superconductors. As in photoemission spectroscopy for electronic materials, our measurement technique for ultracold atomic gases directly probes low-energy excitations and thus can reveal excitation gaps and/or pseudogaps. Furthermore, this technique can provide an analogue of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy for probing anisotropic systems, such as atoms in optical lattice potentials. C1 [Stewart, J. T.; Gaebler, J. P.; Jin, D. S.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Quantum Phys Div, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Stewart, J. T.; Gaebler, J. P.; Jin, D. S.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Jin, DS (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Quantum Phys Div, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jin@jilau1.colorado.edu NR 30 TC 299 Z9 299 U1 3 U2 37 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 454 IS 7205 BP 744 EP 747 DI 10.1038/nature07172 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 334NH UT WOS:000258228000040 PM 18685703 ER PT J AU Bradbury, IR Laurel, B Snelgrove, PVR Bentzen, P Campana, SE AF Bradbury, Ian R. Laurel, Benjamin Snelgrove, Paul V. R. Bentzen, Paul Campana, Steven E. TI Global patterns in marine dispersal estimates: the influence of geography, taxonomic category and life history SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE dispersal; marine; larvae; connectivity; latitude; advection ID LARVAL DISPERSAL; GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION; BENTHIC INVERTEBRATES; ANADROMOUS FISHES; FRESH-WATER; POPULATIONS; DISTANCE; CONNECTIVITY; EVOLUTION; ATLANTIC AB We examine estimates of dispersal in a broad range of marine species through an analysis of published values, and evaluate how well these values represent global patterns through a comparison with correlates of dispersal. Our analysis indicates a historical focus in dispersal studies on low-dispersal/low-latitude species, and we hypothesize that these studies are not generally applicable and representative of global patterns. Large-scale patterns in dispersal were examined using a database of correlates of dispersal such as planktonic larval duration (PLD, 318 species) and genetic differentiation (F(ST), 246 species). We observed significant differences in F(ST) (p < 0.001) and PLD (p < 0.001) between taxonomic groups (e. g. fishes, cnidarians, etc.). Within marine fishes (more than 50% of datasets), the prevalence of demersal eggs was negatively associated with PLD (R(2) = 0.80, p < 0.001) and positively associated with genetic structure (R(2) = 0.74, p < 0.001). Furthermore, dispersal within marine fishes (i.e. PLD and F(ST)) increased with latitude, adult body size and water depth. Of these variables, multiple regression identified latitude and body size as persistent predictors across taxonomic levels. These global patterns of dispersal represent a first step towards understanding and predicting species-level and regional differences in dispersal, and will be improved as more comprehensive data become available. C1 [Bradbury, Ian R.; Bentzen, Paul] Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Life Sci Ctr, Marine Gene Probe Lab, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. [Laurel, Benjamin] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Snelgrove, Paul V. R.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Canada Res Chair Boreal & Cold Ocean Syst, Ctr Ocean Sci, Dept Biol, St John, NF A1B 3X9, Canada. [Campana, Steven E.] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Populat Ecol Div, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Bradbury, IR (reprint author), Dalhousie Univ, Dept Biol, Life Sci Ctr, Marine Gene Probe Lab, Halifax, NS B3H 4J1, Canada. EM ibradbur@dal.ca RI Campana, Steven/C-3420-2013 OI Campana, Steven/0000-0001-8802-3976 NR 44 TC 128 Z9 129 U1 4 U2 41 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD AUG 7 PY 2008 VL 275 IS 1644 BP 1803 EP 1809 DI 10.1098/rspb.2008.0216 PG 7 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 312ZA UT WOS:000256709700013 PM 18445556 ER PT J AU Strychalski, EA Stavis, SM Craighead, HG AF Strychalski, Elizabeth A. Stavis, Samuel M. Craighead, Harold G. TI Non-planar nanofluidic devices for single molecule analysis fabricated using nanoglassblowing SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID LONG DNA-MOLECULES; SEPARATION; CHANNELS; MICROFLUIDICS; NANOCHANNELS; NANOSLITS; POLYMER; GLASS; NM AB A method termed 'nanoglassblowing' is presented for fabricating integrated microfluidic and nanofluidic devices with gradual depth changes and wide, shallow nanochannels. This method was used to construct fused silica channels with out-of-plane curvature of channel covers from over ten micrometers to a few nanometers, nanochannel aspect ratios smaller than 2 x 10(-5): 1 (depth: width), and nanochannel depths as shallow as 7 nm. These low aspect ratios and shallow channel depths would be difficult to form otherwise without collapse of the channel cover, and the gradual changes in channel depth eliminate abrupt free energy barriers at the transition from microfluidic to nanofluidic regions. Devices were characterized with atomic force microscopy (AFM), white light interferometry, scanned height measurements, fluorescence intensity traces, and single molecule analysis of double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) velocity and conformation. Nanochannel depths and aspect ratios formed by nanoglassblowing allowed measurements of the radius of gyration, R(g), of single. DNA molecules confined to slit-like nanochannels with depths, d, ranging from 11 nm to 507 nm. Measurements of R(g) as a function of d agreed qualitatively with the scaling law R(g) proportional to d(-0.25) predicted by Brochard for nanochannel depths from 36 nm to 156 nm, while measurements of R(g) in 11 nm and 507 nm deep nanochannels deviated from this prediction. C1 [Strychalski, Elizabeth A.] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Stavis, Samuel M.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Craighead, Harold G.] Cornell Univ, Sch Appl & Engn Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. RP Strychalski, EA (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM eas58@cornell.edu; sstavis@nist.gov; hgc1@cornell.edu NR 37 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 10 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD AUG 6 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 31 AR 315301 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/31/315301 PG 8 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 319MD UT WOS:000257166800005 PM 21828782 ER PT J AU Herndon, SC Onasch, TB Wood, EC Kroll, JH Canagaratna, MR Jayne, JT Zavala, MA Knighton, WB Mazzoleni, C Dubey, MK Ulbrich, IM Jimenez, JL Seila, R de Gouw, JA de Foy, B Fast, J Molina, LT Kolb, CE Worsnop, DR AF Herndon, Scott C. Onasch, Timothy B. Wood, Ezra C. Kroll, Jesse H. Canagaratna, Manjula R. Jayne, John T. Zavala, Miguel A. Knighton, W. Berk Mazzoleni, Claudio Dubey, Manvendra K. Ulbrich, Ingrid M. Jimenez, Jose L. Seila, Robert de Gouw, Joost A. de Foy, Benjamin Fast, Jerome Molina, Luisa T. Kolb, Charles E. Worsnop, Douglas R. TI Correlation of secondary organic aerosol with odd oxygen in Mexico City SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MASS-SPECTROMETRY; HYDROCARBON-LIKE; NOX AB Photochemically processed urban emissions were characterized at a mountain top location, free from local sources, within the Mexico City Metropolitan Area. Analysis of the Mexico City emission plume demonstrates a strong correlation between secondary organic aerosol and odd oxygen (O(3) + NO(2)). The measured oxygenated-organic aerosol correlates with odd oxygen measurements with an apparent slope of (104-180) mu g m(-3) ppmv(-1) (STP) and r(2) > 0.9. The dependence of the observed proportionality on the gas-phase hydrocarbon profile is discussed. The observationally-based correlation between oxygenated organic aerosol mass and odd oxygen may provide insight into poorly understood secondary organic aerosol production mechanisms by leveraging knowledge of gas-phase ozone production chemistry. These results suggest that global and regional models may be able to use the observed proportionality to estimate SOA as a co-product of modeled O(3) production until more complete models of SOA formation become available. C1 [Herndon, Scott C.; Onasch, Timothy B.; Wood, Ezra C.; Kroll, Jesse H.; Canagaratna, Manjula R.; Jayne, John T.; Kolb, Charles E.; Worsnop, Douglas R.] Aerodyne Res Inc, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. [de Foy, Benjamin] St Louis Univ, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, St Louis, MO 63103 USA. [de Gouw, Joost A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Knighton, W. Berk] Montana State Univ, Dept Chem & Biochem, Bozeman, MT 59717 USA. [Zavala, Miguel A.; Molina, Luisa T.] Molina Ctr Energy & Environm, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Seila, Robert] Natl Exposure Res Lab, Environm Protect Agcy, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Zavala, Miguel A.; Molina, Luisa T.] MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Mazzoleni, Claudio; Dubey, Manvendra K.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Earth & Environm Sci, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Ulbrich, Ingrid M.; Jimenez, Jose L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Fast, Jerome] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Herndon, SC (reprint author), Aerodyne Res Inc, 45 Manning Rd, Billerica, MA 01821 USA. EM herndon@aerodyne.com; onasch@aerodyne.com; ezrawood@aerodyne.com; kroll@aerodyne.com; mrcana@aerodyne.com; jayne@aerodyne.com; miguelz@mit.edu; bknighton@chemistry.montana.edu; robert@epamail.epa.gov; joost.degouw@noaa.gov; bdefoy@slu.edu; ltmolina@mit.edu; kolb@aerodyne.com; worsnop@aerodyne.com RI Jimenez, Jose/A-5294-2008; Worsnop, Douglas/D-2817-2009; Dubey, Manvendra/E-3949-2010; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015; Mazzoleni, Claudio/E-5615-2011; Kolb, Charles/A-8596-2009; de Foy, Benjamin/A-9902-2010; de Gouw, Joost/A-9675-2008 OI Jimenez, Jose/0000-0001-6203-1847; Worsnop, Douglas/0000-0002-8928-8017; Dubey, Manvendra/0000-0002-3492-790X; de Foy, Benjamin/0000-0003-4150-9922; de Gouw, Joost/0000-0002-0385-1826 NR 23 TC 68 Z9 70 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 15 AR L15804 DI 10.1029/2008GL034058 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 336BB UT WOS:000258338200001 ER PT J AU Lu, ML Feingold, G Jonsson, HH Chuang, PY Gates, H Flagan, RC Seinfeld, JH AF Lu, Miao-Ling Feingold, Graham Jonsson, Haflidi H. Chuang, Patrick Y. Gates, Harmony Flagan, Richard C. Seinfeld, John H. TI Aerosol-cloud relationships in continental shallow cumulus SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID BOUNDARY-LAYER CLOUDS; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; DROPLET SPECTRA; RADIATIVE PROPERTIES; CONVECTIVE CLOUDS; PARAMETERIZATION; ENTRAINMENT; EVOLUTION; PRECIPITATION; CONDENSATION AB Aerosol-cloud relationships are derived from 14 warm continental cumuli cases sampled during the 2006 Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS) by the Center for Interdisciplinary Remotely-Piloted Aircraft Studies (CIRPAS) Twin Otter aircraft. Cloud droplet number concentration is clearly proportional to the subcloud accumulation mode aerosol number concentration. An inverse correlation between cloud top effective radius and subcloud aerosol number concentration is observed when cloud depth variations are accounted for. There are no discernable aerosol effects on cloud droplet spectral dispersion; the averaged spectral relative dispersion is 0.30 +/- 0.04. Aerosol-cloud relationships are also identified from comparison of two isolated cloud cases that occurred under different degrees of anthropogenic influence. Cloud liquid water content, cloud droplet number concentration, and cloud top effective radius exhibit subadiabaticity resulting from entrainment mixing processes. The degree of LWC subadiabaticity is found to increase with cloud depth. Impacts of subadiabaticity on cloud optical properties are assessed. It is estimated that owing to entrainment mixing, cloud LWP, effective radius, and cloud albedo are decreased by 50-85%, 5-35%, and 2-26%, respectively, relative to adiabatic values of a plane-parallel cloud. The impact of subadiabaticity on cloud albedo is largest for shallow clouds. Results suggest that the effect of entrainment mixing must be accounted for when evaluating the aerosol indirect effect. C1 [Lu, Miao-Ling; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Gates, Harmony; Flagan, Richard C.; Seinfeld, John H.] CALTECH, Dept Chem Engn, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Jonsson, Haflidi H.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Meteorol, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Feingold, Graham] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Chuang, Patrick Y.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. RP Lu, ML (reprint author), CALTECH, Dept Environm Sci & Engn, 1200 E Calif Blvd,Mail Code 210-41, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. EM seinfeld@caltech.edu RI Feingold, Graham/B-6152-2009; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 51 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15201 DI 10.1029/2007JD009354 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 336BH UT WOS:000258338800002 ER PT J AU Tucker, I Penfold, J Thomas, RK Grillo, I Barker, JG Mildner, DFR AF Tucker, I. Penfold, J. Thomas, R. K. Grillo, I. Barker, J. G. Mildner, D. F. R. TI Self-assembly in mixed dialkyl chain cationic-nonionic surfactant mixtures: Dihexadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide-monododecyl hexaethylene glycol (monododecyl dodecaethylene glycol) mixtures SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID TRANSMISSION ELECTRON-MICROSCOPY; VESICLE-MICELLE TRANSITION; GENERAL PHASE-BEHAVIOR; SDS-DDAB-WATER; X-RAY; DIOCTADECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE; DIDODECYLDIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE; LAMELLAR PHASE; COMPLEX FLUIDS; RICH SIDE AB The self-assembly of dialkyl chain cationic surfactant dihexadecyldimethyl ammonium bromide, DHDAB, and nonionic surfactants monododecyl hexaethylene glycol, C12E6, and monododecyl dodecaethylene glycol, C12E12, mixtures has been studied using predominantly small-angle neutron scattering, SANS. The scattering data have been used to produce a detailed phase diagram for the two surfactant mixtures and to quantify the microstructure in the different regions of the phase diagram. For cationic-surfactant-rich compositions, the microstructure is in the form of bilamellar, blv, or multilamellar, mlv, vesicles at low surfactant concentrations and is in an L-beta lamellar phase at higher surfactant concentrations. For nonionic-rich compositions, the microstructure is predominantly in the form of relatively small globular mixed surfactant micelles, L-1. At intermediate compositions, there is an extensive mixed (blv/mlv) L beta/L-1 region. Although broadly similar, in detail there are significant differences in the phase behavior of DHDAB/C12E6 and DHDAB/C12E12 as a result of the increasing curvature associated with C12B12 aggregates compared to that of C12E6 aggregates. For the DHDAB/C12E12 mixture, the mixed (blv/mlv) L-beta/L-1 phase region is more extensive. Furthermore, C12E12 has a greater impact upon the rigidity of the bilayer in the blv, mlv, and L regions than is the case for C12B6. The general features of the phase behavior are also reminiscent of that observed in phospholipid/surfactant mixtures and other related systems. C1 [Penfold, J.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, STFC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Tucker, I.] Unilever Res & Dev Lab, Wirral CH63 3JW, Merseyside, England. [Penfold, J.; Thomas, R. K.] Univ Oxford, Phys & Theoret Chem Lab, Oxford, England. [Grillo, I.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Barker, J. G.; Mildner, D. F. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Penfold, J (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS, STFC, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM j.penfold@rl.ac.ul NR 58 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 15 BP 7674 EP 7687 DI 10.1021/la703702p PG 14 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 331TC UT WOS:000258034500011 PM 18582000 ER PT J AU Klein, RJ Fischer, DA Lenhart, JL AF Klein, Robert J. Fischer, Daniel A. Lenhart, Joseph L. TI Systematic oxidation of polystyrene by ultraviolet-ozone, characterized by near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure and contact angle SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID MEAN FREE PATHS; MOLECULAR-ORIENTATION; POLYMER SURFACES; OXYGEN PLASMA; SPECTROSCOPY NEXAFS; ORGANIC-COMPOUNDS; FORCE MICROSCOPY; ENERGY-LOSS; SOFT; SPECTRA AB The process of implanting oxygen in polystyrene (PS) via exposure to ultraviolet-ozone (UV-O) was systematically investigated using the characterization technique of near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). Samples of PS exposed to UV-O for 10-300 s and washed with isopropanol were analyzed using the carbon and oxygen K-edge NEXAFS partial electron yields, using various retarding bias voltages to depth-profile the oxygen penetration into the surface. Evaluation of reference polymers provided a scale to quantify the oxygen concentration implanted by UV-O treatment. We find that ozone initially reacts with the double bonds on the phenyl rings, forming carbonyl groups, but within I min of exposure, the ratio of double to single oxygen bonds stabilizes at a lower value. Oxygen penetrates the film with relative ease, creating a fairly uniform distribution of oxygen within at least the first 4 nm (the effective depth probed by NEXAFS here). Before oxygen accumulates in large concentrations, however, it preferentially degrades the uppermost layer of the film by removing oxygenated low-molecular-weight oligomers. The failure to accumulate high concentrations of oxygen is seen in the nearly constant carbon edge jump, the low concentration of oxygen even at 5 min exposure (58% of that in poly (4-acetoxystyrene), the polymer with the most similarities to UV-O-treated PS), and the relatively high contact angles. At 5 min exposure the oxygen concentration contains ca. 7 atomic % oxygen. The oxygen species that are implanted consist predominantly of single O-C bonds and double O=C bonds but also include a small fraction of O-H. UV-O treatment leads a plateau after 2 min exposure in the water contact angle hysteresis, at a value of 67 +/- 2 degrees, due primarily to chemical heterogeneity. Annealing above T-g allows oxygenated species to move short distances away from the surface but not diffuse further than 1-2 nm. C1 [Klein, Robert J.; Lenhart, Joseph L.] Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept 1821, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. [Fischer, Daniel A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Klein, RJ (reprint author), Sandia Natl Labs, Organ Mat Dept 1821, POB 5800, Albuquerque, NM 87185 USA. EM rklein@sandia.gov; jllenha@sandia.gov NR 42 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD AUG 5 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 15 BP 8187 EP 8197 DI 10.1021/la800134u PG 11 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 331TC UT WOS:000258034500077 PM 18582129 ER PT J AU Brida, G Degiovanni, IP Genovese, M Schettini, V Polyakov, SV Migdall, A AF Brida, Giorgio Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro Genovese, Marco Schettini, Valentina Polyakov, Sergey V. Migdall, Alan TI Experimental test of nonclassicality for a single particle SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID HIDDEN-VARIABLE THEORIES; BELL INEQUALITIES; EXPERIMENTAL VIOLATION; 2-PHOTON INTERFERENCE; LOCAL REALISM; 1ST TEST; TIME; LIGHT; STATE; PAIRS AB In a recent paper [R. Alicki and N. Van Ryn, J. Phys. A: Math. Theor., 41, 062001 (2008)] a test of nonclassicality for a single qubit was proposed. Here, we discuss the class of hidden variables theories to which this test applies and present an experimental realization. (c) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Brida, Giorgio; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro; Genovese, Marco; Schettini, Valentina] Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, I-10135 Turin, Italy. [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Polyakov, Sergey V.; Migdall, Alan] Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Degiovanni, IP (reprint author), Ist Nazl Ric Metrol, Str Cacce 91, I-10135 Turin, Italy. EM i.degiovanni@inrim.it RI genovese, marco/D-4862-2013; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/F-2140-2013 OI genovese, marco/0000-0001-9186-8849; Degiovanni, Ivo Pietro/0000-0003-0332-3115 NR 37 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD AUG 4 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 16 BP 11750 EP 11758 DI 10.1364/OE.16.011750 PG 9 WC Optics SC Optics GA 336MS UT WOS:000258368600009 PM 18679445 ER PT J AU Ge, JJ Qi, JG Lofgren, B AF Ge, Jianjun Qi, Jiaguo Lofgren, Brent TI Use of vegetation properties from EOS observations for land-climate modeling in East Africa SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SIB2; MEASURING MISSION TRMM; REGIONAL CLIMATE; ATMOSPHERIC GCMS; SATELLITE DATA; COVER DATA; TEMPERATURE; MODIS; WEATHER; LANDSCAPE AB Land use/cover change has been recognized as a key component in global climate change. Information on land surface biophysical properties and climatic variables based on in situ data fail to resolve the fine-scale variability that exists in many parts of the world, including East Africa. In this study, we used the NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS) products to improve the representation of the land surface in a regional climate model as well as assess the model performance. The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data of leaf area index (LAI) and vegetation fractional cover (VFC) were directly incorporated in the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System ( RAMS). The model was validated in terms of the land surface temperature (LST), utilizing the MODIS LST data from both Terra and Aqua satellites. Compared with the built-in land surface, the ingested MODIS LAI and VFC greatly improved the spatial and temporal dynamics of vegetation in East Africa. Three experiments were carried out for the year of 2003 to test the impacts of land surface conditions. The results showed that the spatial, seasonal, and diurnal characteristics of the RAMS simulated LST were improved because of MODIS LAI and VFC. Specifically, the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ)-related migration, bimodal temporal variation, and monthly averaged diurnal cycles of LST were more realistically reproduced. The need to realistically represent the spatial and temporal distribution of vegetation is thus highlighted, and the value of the EOS observations for the land-climate modeling is demonstrated. C1 [Ge, Jianjun] Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Geog, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. [Lofgren, Brent] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Qi, Jiaguo] Michigan State Univ, Dept Geog, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Qi, Jiaguo] Michigan State Univ, Ctr Global Change & Earth Observat, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Qi, Jiaguo] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Beijing, Peoples R China. RP Ge, JJ (reprint author), Oklahoma State Univ, Dept Geog, 225 Scott Hall, Stillwater, OK 74078 USA. EM jianjun.ge@okstate.edu OI Lofgren, Brent/0000-0003-2189-0914 NR 67 TC 7 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD AUG 2 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D15 AR D15101 DI 10.1029/2007JD009628 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333KN UT WOS:000258151500006 ER PT J AU Phinney, KW AF Phinney, Karen W. TI Development of a standard reference material for vitamin D in serum SO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION LA English DT Article ID CIRCULATING 25-HYDROXYVITAMIN-D; ACCURATE; ASSAYS AB The most widely used indicator of vitamin D status is the measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in either serum or plasma. Several studies have reported discrepancies between the results of assays used to measure 25(OH)D, however, which calls into question the ability of 25(OH)D assays to reflect accurately the vitamin D status of individuals. The National Institute of Standards and Technology has been working with the National Institutes of Health's Office of Dietary Supplements to develop a standard reference material for circulating vitamin D analysis. This standard reference material will provide a material with stable, well-defined levels of the analytes of interest. Investigators will be able to use the standard reference material to validate new analytic methods as they are developed and to assign values to in-house quality-control materials. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phinney, KW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karen.phinney@nist.gov NR 6 TC 66 Z9 69 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER SOC CLINICAL NUTRITION PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, SUBSCRIPTIONS, RM L-3300, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0002-9165 J9 AM J CLIN NUTR JI Am. J. Clin. Nutr. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 88 IS 2 SU S BP 511S EP 512S PG 2 WC Nutrition & Dietetics SC Nutrition & Dietetics GA 346GK UT WOS:000259056600005 PM 18689392 ER PT J AU Burton, BP Robinson, P McEnroe, SA Fabian, K Ballaran, TB AF Burton, Benjamin P. Robinson, Peter McEnroe, Suzanne A. Fabian, Karl Ballaran, Tiziana Boffa TI A low-temperature phase diagram for ilmenite-rich compositions in the system Fe2O3-FeTiO3 SO AMERICAN MINERALOGIST LA English DT Article DE hematite-ilmenite; magnetic properties; spin glass; phase diagram ID SPIN-GLASS SYSTEM; NATURAL REMANENT MAGNETIZATION; HEMATITE SOLID-SOLUTION; LAMELLAR MAGNETISM; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; EXCHANGE BIAS; (1-X)FETIO3-XFE2O3; MOSSBAUER; SERIES; TRANSITION AB An approximate low-temperature, metastable phase diagram is drawn for the system (1 - X) Fe2O3-(X)FeTiO3. It is based on published and new magnetic data from nine synthetic samples with bulk compositions in the range 0.6 ferrimagnetic [PM(PM') -> FM] transition, T-C(X), and the PM(PM') -> AF transition, T-N(X). In addition, the RSG phase is plotted as one of four stable phases at T-lambda lambda a construction that is not required by the phase rule, but is strongly favored by the physics of competition between the incompatible magnetically ordered Structures of the FM- and AF-phases. These phase relations are at Such low temperature as to be of little consequence for terrestrial magnetism, however, they may well be essential for interpreting the magnetism of the Moon, Mars, and other cold planets. These phase relations are also essential for the characterization of fine natural and synthetic intergrowths, and for understanding magnetic materials for low-temperature technological applications. C1 [Burton, Benjamin P.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Robinson, Peter; McEnroe, Suzanne A.; Fabian, Karl] Geol Survey Norway, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. [Ballaran, Tiziana Boffa] Univ Bayreuth, Bayer Geoinst, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany. RP Burton, BP (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. EM benjamin.burton@nist.gov OI mcenroe, suzanne/0000-0002-0011-6156 FU Research Council of Norway [163556610, 169470/S30]; "Research Infrastructures: Transnational Access" Program [505320]; NSF FX This research was supported by grants from the Research Council of Norway (grants 163556610 and 169470/S30 to S. McEnroc) and the EU "Research Infrastructures: Transnational Access" Program, contract no. 505320 (RITA)-High Pressure) at the Bayerisches Geoinstitut, Bayreuth. Magnetic measurements were made at the IRM, University of Minnesota, which is supported by NSF. Melanie Mesh and Brian Carter-Stiglitz are thanked for help with magnetic measurements. The manuscript benefited greatly from thoughtful reviews by M. Cihiorso, R. Harrison. and an anonymous reviewer. NR 52 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 6 U2 30 PU MINERALOGICAL SOC AMER PI CHANTILLY PA 3635 CONCORDE PKWY STE 500, CHANTILLY, VA 20151-1125 USA SN 0003-004X J9 AM MINERAL JI Am. Miner. PD AUG-SEP PY 2008 VL 93 IS 8-9 BP 1260 EP 1272 DI 10.2138/am.2008.2690 PG 13 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Mineralogy GA 339PI UT WOS:000258589100005 ER PT J AU Fuchs, H Dube, WP Cicioira, SJ Brown, SS AF Fuchs, Hendirik Dube, William P. Cicioira, Steven J. Brown, Steven S. TI Determination of inlet transmission and conversion efficiencies for in situ measurements of the nocturnal nitrogen oxides, NO3, N2O5 and NO2, via pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID DIFFERENTIAL OPTICAL-ABSORPTION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ATMOSPHERIC NO3; BOUNDARY-LAYER; AIR-QUALITY; CHEMISTRY; DISTRIBUTIONS; TROPOSPHERE; OXIDATION; SPECTRUM AB Pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy is a highly sensitive method for direct absorption spectroscopy that has been applied to in situ detection of NO3, N2O5 and NO2 in the atmosphere from a variety of platforms, including ships, aircraft, and towers. In this paper, we report the development of schemes to significantly improve the accuracy of these measurements. This includes the following: (1) an overall improvement in the inlet transmission efficiencies (92 +/- 2% for NO3 and 97 +/- 1% for N2O5) achieved primarily through a reduction in the inlet residence time; and (2) the development of a calibration procedure that allows regular determination of these efficiencies in the field by addition of NO3 or N2O5 to the inlet from a portable source followed by conversion of NO3 to NO2. In addition, the dependence of the instruments sensitivity and accuracy to a variety of conditions encountered in the field, including variations in relative humidity, aerosol loading, and VOC levels, was systematically investigated. The rate of degradation of N2O5 transmission efficiency on the inlet and filter system due to the accumulation of inorganic aerosol was determined, such that the frequency of filter changes required for accurate measurements could be defined. In the absence of aerosol, the presence of varying levels of relative humidity and reactive VOC were found to be unimportant factors in the instrument's performance. The 1 sigma accuracy of the NO3, N2O5, and NO2 measured with this instrument are -9/+12, -8/+11, +/- 6%, respectively, where the -/+ signs indicate that the actual value is low/high relative to the measurement. The largest contribution to the overall uncertainty is now due to the NO3 absorption cross section rather than the inlet transmission efficiency. C1 [Fuchs, Hendirik; Dube, William P.; Cicioira, Steven J.; Brown, Steven S.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fuchs, Hendirik; Dube, William P.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brown, SS (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.s.brown@noaa.gov RI Brown, Steven/I-1762-2013; Dube, William/I-1658-2013; Fuchs, Hendrik/I-9157-2012; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Dube, William/0000-0003-1286-4087; Fuchs, Hendrik/0000-0003-1263-0061; NR 26 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 29 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 15 BP 6010 EP 6017 DI 10.1021/ac8007253 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 332PX UT WOS:000258096700052 PM 18588318 ER PT J AU Theocharous, E Engtrakul, C Dillon, AC Lehman, J AF Theocharous, E. Engtrakul, C. Dillon, A. C. Lehman, J. TI Infrared responsivity of a pyroelectric detector with a single-wall carbon nanotube coating SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LINEARITY MEASUREMENTS; BLACK COATINGS; ABSOLUTE; SCALE; NPL AB The performance of a 10 mm diameter pyroelectric detector coated with a single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) was evaluated in the 0.8 to 20 mu m wavelength range. The relative spectral responsivity of this detector exhibits significant fluctuations over the wavelength range examined. This is consistent with independent absorbance measurements, which show that SWCNTs exhibit selective absorption bands in the visible and near-infrared. The performance of the detector in terms of noise equivalent power and detectivity in wavelength regions of high coating absorptivity was comparable with gold-black-coated pyroelectric detectors based on 50 mu m thick LiTaO3 crystals. The response of this detector was shown to be nonlinear for DC equivalent photocurrents >10(-9) A, and its spatial uniformity of response was comparable with other pyroelectric detectors utilizing gold-black coatings. The nonuniform spectral responsivity exhibited by the SWCNT-coated detector is expected to severely restrict the use of SWCNTs as black coatings for thermal detectors. However, the deposition of SWCNT coatings on a pyroelectric crystal followed by the study of the prominence of the spectral features in the relative spectral responsivity of the resultant pyroelectric detectors is shown to provide an effective method for quantifying the impurity content in SWCNT samples. C1 [Theocharous, E.] Natl Phys Lab, Qual Life Div, Opt Technol Team, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. [Engtrakul, C.; Dillon, A. C.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Carbon Nanosci Grp, Golden, CO 80401 USA. [Lehman, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Optoelect, Sources Detectors & Displays Grp, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Theocharous, E (reprint author), Natl Phys Lab, Qual Life Div, Opt Technol Team, Teddington TW11 0LW, Middx, England. EM e.theo@npl.co.uk RI Engtrakul, Chaiwat/H-5634-2011 FU National Measurement System Programmes Unit of the United Kingdom Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of the National Measurement System Programmes Unit of the United Kingdom Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills. NR 19 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 6 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 22 BP 3999 EP 4003 DI 10.1364/AO.47.003999 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 347CT UT WOS:000259118900020 PM 18670553 ER PT J AU Gray, AK Joyce, JJ Wertheimer, AC AF Gray, Andrew K. Joyce, John J. Wertheimer, Alex C. TI Unanticipated departures from breeding designs can be detected using microsatellite DNA parentage analyses SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Chinook; microsatellite; parentage analysis; pedigree ID RAINBOW-TROUT; OUTBREEDING DEPRESSION; COMPUTER-PROGRAM; SALMON; POPULATIONS; VARIABILITY; RELATEDNESS; SURVIVAL; MARKERS; GROWTH AB Using microsatellite analysis, a partial pedigree was constructed from an experiment designed to evaluate differences between hatchery Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and their wild donor stocks. First generation (F-1) progeny were created by crossing both hatchery and wild females with hatchery and wild males to create hybrid and control lines. The pedigree analysis revealed an accidental switch of a half-sib control and hybrid F, family. which most likely occurred during incubation and led to the misclassification of individuals in those families. The experimental error propagated into the F-2 lines. The pedigree also revealed a number of unintended full-sib matings in the F-2 crosses. This resulted from the small numbers (5 females, 14 males) of wild fish available for the experiment and differential family survival of the F-1 fish. Because researchers used group-specific physical marks to track typed crosses and not family groups, and because physical marks cannot detect inadvertent movement of fish until they are large enough to mark, experimental error occurred that would have influenced the results had a DNA-based analysis not been employed to verify the integrity of the experiment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Gray, Andrew K.; Joyce, John J.; Wertheimer, Alex C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Gray, AK (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Auke Bay Lab, 11305 Glacier Highway, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM andrew.gray@noaa.gov NR 19 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 EI 1873-5622 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 280 IS 1-4 BP 71 EP 75 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.04.021 PG 5 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 344ZG UT WOS:000258965200010 ER PT J AU Colt, J Summerfelt, S Pfeiffer, T Fivelstad, S Rust, M AF Colt, John Summerfelt, Steve Pfeiffer, Tim Fivelstad, Sveinung Rust, Michael TI Energy and resource consumption of land-based Atlantic salmon smolt hatcheries in the Pacific Northwest (USA) SO AQUACULTURE LA English DT Article DE net energy; sustainability; greenhouse gas emissions; energy efficiency ID RAINBOW-TROUT; FRESH-WATER; GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON; CULTURE SYSTEMS; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ACUTE TOXICITY; REUSE SYSTEMS; FISH-CULTURE; SALAR L.; AQUACULTURE AB This paper evaluates the resource and energy requirements of six different types of land-based, hatchery production systems located in the U.S. Pacific Northwest: flow-through with a gravity water supply, flow-through with a pumped water supply, flow-through with pure oxygen, partial reuse system, partial reuse with heating, and a reuse system for the production of Atlantic salmon (Salmo solar) smolts. Key parameters used in the evaluation include direct energy, indirect energy, transportation energy, greenhouse gas emissions, and pollutant discharges. Power (electricity and natural gas) and feed energy accounted for the majority of the required energy for all the rearing option evaluated. The sum of the fixed capital and chemicals components accounted for less than 2-12% of the total energy budget for any rearing option. The energy efficiency (energy output/energy input) of the six options ranges from 0.97% for flow-through with pumped supply to 3.49% for the flow-through with gravity supply. The rearing options with the three highest energy efficiencies were flow-through with gravity supply (3.49%), partial reuse (2.75%), and reuse (2.64%). On a kg of smolt produced basis, the six rearing options showed a wide range in performance. The reuse system had the lowest water(2 m(3) kg(-1)) and land (0.13 m(2) kg(-1)) requirements and the third lowest total energy requirement (288 MJ kg(-1)). The partial reuse system had the second lowest total power requirement (276 MJ kg(-1)), a low land requirement (0.21 m(2) kg(-1)), and moderate water requirements (33 m(3) kg(-1)). The partial reuse with temperature control had the second highest total power requirement (657 MJ kg(-1)) and land and water requirements similar to the partial reuse system without temperature control. The flow-through system with pumped water supply had the highest water (289 m(3) kg(-1)), land (2.19 m(2) kg(-1)), and energy requirements (786 MJ kg(-1)) of any of the rearing options. By comparison, the flow-through system with gravity water supply had the lowest energy requirement (218 MJ kg(-1)), a moderate land requirement (0.78 m(2) kg(-1)), and a high water requirement (214 m(3) kg(-1)). The ranking of the six rearing options based capital and operating costs are likely to be quite different from those based on energy, water, and greenhouse gas emissions. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Colt, John; Rust, Michael] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Summerfelt, Steve] Conservat Funds Freshwater Inst, Shepherdstown, WV 25443 USA. [Pfeiffer, Tim] USDA ARS, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Fivelstad, Sveinung] Bergen Coll, Dept Engn, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. RP Colt, J (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.colt@noaa.gov NR 58 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 3 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0044-8486 J9 AQUACULTURE JI Aquaculture PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 280 IS 1-4 BP 94 EP 108 DI 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2008.05.014 PG 15 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 344ZG UT WOS:000258965200014 ER PT J AU Reinard, AA AF Reinard, A. A. TI Analysis of interplanetary coronal mass ejection parameters as a function of energetics, source location, and magnetic structure SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE solar wind; Sun : activity; Sun : coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun : magnetic fields ID SLOW SOLAR-WIND; ABUNDANCE VARIATIONS; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; HELIUM ABUNDANCE; FLARE MAGNITUDE; STATE; IDENTIFICATION; IONIZATION; SWICS; SPEED AB We describe a study of how ICME parameters vary as function of source location, associated flare magnitude, and magnetic structure. The strongest compositional enhancements are found to occur in events originating in central longitudes of the Sun, those with large associated flares, and those that are identified as magnetic clouds. In situ velocity is highest for events associated with large flares. Density has a strong negative correlation with associated flare size, but no strong trend with source longitude or magnetic cloud structure. Temperature is lower than expected for events originating in central longitudes, events associated with large flares, and for magnetic clouds. Total magnetic field is highest for events originating in central longitudes and for magnetic clouds. Combining these results, we suggest that ICMEs may have a basic structure consisting of a core (or cores) of magnetic cloud plasma and compositional signatures that are modulated by CME energetics, surrounded by an envelope with weaker signatures. If this core/envelope scenario is proven to be valid, that suggests that a larger percentage of energetic ICMEs may contain enhanced composition that is not detected by the current single track observations. C1 [Reinard, A. A.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Reinard, A. A.] NOAA SEC, NOAA Space Environm Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Reinard, AA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Mail Code W-NP92,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RI Reinard, Alysha/H-7808-2013 OI Reinard, Alysha/0000-0003-0304-2989 NR 49 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 682 IS 2 BP 1289 EP 1305 DI 10.1086/589322 PG 17 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 331PZ UT WOS:000258026100053 ER PT J AU Oltmans, SJ Lefohn, AS Harris, JM Shadwick, DS AF Oltmans, Samuel J. Lefohn, Allen S. Harris, Joyce M. Shadwick, Douglas S. TI Background ozone levels of air entering the west coast of the US and assessment of longer-term changes SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE tropospheric ozone; surface ozone; transpacific transport; ozonesondes; background ozone ID NORTH-AMERICA; UNITED-STATES; EXPOSURE AB An analysis of surface ozone measurements at a west coast site in northern California (Trinidad Head) demonstrates that this location is well situated to sample air entering the west coast of the US from the Pacific Ocean. During the seasonal maximum in the spring, this location regularly observes hourly average ozone mixing ratios >= 50 ppbv in air that is uninfluenced by the North American continent. Mean daytime values in the spring exceed 40 ppbv. A location in southern California (Channel Islands National Park) demonstrates many of the characteristics during the Spring as Trinidad Head in terms of air flow patterns and ozone amounts suggesting that background levels of ozone entering southern California from the Pacific Ocean are similar to those in northern California. Two inland locations (Yreka and Lassen Volcanic National Park) in northern California with surface ozone data records of 20 years or more are More difficult to interpret because of possible influences of local or regional changes. They show differing results for the long-term trend during the Spring. The 10-year ozone vertical profile measurements obtained with weekly ozonesondes at Trinidad Head show no significant longer-term change in tropospheric ozone. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Oltmans, Samuel J.; Harris, Joyce M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Lefohn, Allen S.] ASL & Associates, Helena, MT 59601 USA. [Harris, Joyce M.] STC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oltmans, SJ (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Monitoring Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Samuel.J.Oltmans@noaa.gov FU NOAA FX Michael Ives of the Marine Sciences Laboratory of Humboldt State University has overseen both surface and ozone profile measurements at Trinidad Head. Funding for the ozonesonde measurements at Trinidad Head was provided through the NOAA Health of the Atmosphere program. NR 22 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 24 BP 6020 EP 6038 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.03.034 PG 19 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 344YU UT WOS:000258964000008 ER PT J AU Appel, KW Bhave, PV Gilliland, AB Sarwar, G Roselle, SJ AF Appel, K. Wyat Bhave, Prakash V. Gilliland, Alice B. Sarwar, Golam Roselle, Shawn J. TI Evaluation of the community multiscale air quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5: Sensitivities impacting model performance; Part II - particulate matter SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE community multiscale air quality (CMAQ); model; model evalution; PM2.5; sulfate; nitrate; ammonium; organic and elemental carbon ID AEROSOL COMPONENT; DRY-DEPOSITION; PM2.5 NITRATE; UNITED-STATES; EASTERN US; MASS AB This paper is Part II in a pair of papers that examines the results of the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model version 4.5 (v4.5) and discusses the potential explanations for the model performance characteristics seen. The focus of this paper is On fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and its chemical composition. Improvements made to the city deposition velocity and cloud treatment in CMAQ v4.5 addressing compensating (SO42-) errors in 36-km Simulations improved particulate Sulfate 4) predictions. Large overpredictions Of particulate nitrate (NO3-) and ammonium (NH4+) in the fall are likely due to a gross overestimation of seasonal ammonia (NH3) emissions. Carborlaceous aerosol concentrations are Substantially underpredicted during the late Spring and summer months, most likely due, in part, to a lack of some secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation pathways in the model. Comparisons of CMAQ PM2.5 predictions with observed PM2.5 mass show mixed seasonal performance. Spring and summer show the best overall performance, while performance in the winter and fall is relatively poor, with significant overpredictions of total PM2.5 mass in those seasons. The model biases in PM2.5 mass cannot be explained by Summing the model biases for the major inorganic ions Plus carbon. Errors in the prediction of other unspeciated PM2.5 (PMother) are largely to blame for the errors in total PM2.5 mass predictions, and efforts are underway to identify the cause of these errors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Appel, K. Wyat; Bhave, Prakash V.; Gilliland, Alice B.; Roselle, Shawn J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Sarwar, Golam] US EPA, Atmospher Modeling Div, Natl Exposure Res Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. RP Appel, KW (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM Wyat.Appel@noaa.gov RI Bhave, Prakash/L-1958-2013 OI Bhave, Prakash/0000-0002-2573-951X NR 29 TC 80 Z9 82 U1 1 U2 38 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 EI 1873-2844 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 42 IS 24 BP 6057 EP 6066 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.03.036 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 344YU UT WOS:000258964000011 ER PT J AU Jang, WS Healy, WM Skibniewski, MJ AF Jang, Won-Suk Healy, William M. Skibniewski, Miroslaw J. TI Wireless sensor networks as part of a web-based building environmental monitoring system SO AUTOMATION IN CONSTRUCTION LA English DT Article DE wireless sensor networks; building monitoring; sensor database; motes AB The presented research shows how advanced wireless sensor technology can be used by engineers to monitor conditions in and around buildings. The objective is split into three different tasks. First, wireless sensor hardware is programmed to process signals from sensors and transmit the data in a suitable format. This task was accomplished through an open-source operating system and a programming language designed specifically for wireless sensor hardware. The second task involved the processing of signals sent by the wireless sensor nodes. In this application, a Java program was written that deciphered messages transmitted from a wireless receiver over a computer's serial port and then placed the data in a database. The structure of that database is discussed to help identify the key pieces of information that are needed to make use of the data. The third piece of the proposed monitoring system is an interface to review the data. A Web-based system was developed that allows a user to mine the database using parameters such as the type of data, location of sensor, and the time of data acquisition. It is anticipated that this research will demonstrate the potential of using wireless sensor networks for monitoring buildings. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Jang, Won-Suk; Skibniewski, Miroslaw J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Healy, William M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jang, WS (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM wsjang@umd.edu NR 28 TC 65 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0926-5805 J9 AUTOMAT CONSTR JI Autom. Constr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 17 IS 6 BP 729 EP 736 DI 10.1016/j.autcon.2008.02.001 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 305EF UT WOS:000256159900007 ER PT J AU Nablo, BJ Halverson, KM Robertson, JWF Nguyen, TL Panchal, RG Gussio, R Bavari, S Krasilnikov, OV Kasianowicz, JJ AF Nablo, Brian J. Halverson, Kelly M. Robertson, Joseph W. F. Nguyen, Tam L. Panchal, Rekha G. Gussio, Rick Bavari, Sina Krasilnikov, Oleg V. Kasianowicz, John J. TI Sizing the Bacillus anthracis PA(63) channel with nonelectrolyte poly(ethylene glycols) SO BIOPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRICAL TETRAALKYLAMMONIUM IONS; PHOSPHOLIPID-BILAYER MEMBRANES; TOXIN PROTECTIVE ANTIGEN; PLANAR LIPID-BILAYERS; PROTEIN TRANSLOCATION; CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; ANION CHANNEL; PORE RADIUS; CONDUCTIVITY; CONDUCTANCE AB Nonelectrolyte polymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were used to estimate the diameter of the ion channel formed by the Bacillus anthracis protective antigen 63 (PA(63)). Based on the ability of different molecular weight PEGs to partition into the pore and reduce channel conductance, the pore appears to be narrower than the one formed by Staphylococcus aureus a-hemolysin. Numerical integration of the PEG sample mass spectra and the channel conductance data were used to refine the estimate of the pore's PEG molecular mass cutoff (similar to 1400 g/mol). The results suggest that the limiting diameter of the PA(63) pore is < 2 nm, which is consistent with an all-atom model of the PA(63) channel and previous experiments using large ions. C1 [Nablo, Brian J.; Robertson, Joseph W. F.; Kasianowicz, John J.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Halverson, Kelly M.] USA, Ctr Environm Hlth Res, Frederick, MD USA. [Nguyen, Tam L.; Panchal, Rekha G.; Gussio, Rick] NCI, Target Struct Based Drug Discovery Grp, SAIC Frederick, Frederick, MD 21701 USA. [Bavari, Sina] USA, Med Res Inst Infect Dis, Frederick, MD USA. [Krasilnikov, Oleg V.] Univ Fed Pernambuco, Lab Membrane Biophys, Dept Biophys & Radiobiol, Recife, PE, Brazil. RP Kasianowicz, JJ (reprint author), NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Elect & Elect Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.kasianowicz@nist.gov FU NCI NIH HHS [N01-CO-12400, N01CO12400] NR 53 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 5 PU BIOPHYSICAL SOC PI BETHESDA PA 9650 ROCKVILLE PIKE, BETHESDA, MD 20814-3998 USA SN 0006-3495 J9 BIOPHYS J JI Biophys. J. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 95 IS 3 BP 1157 EP 1164 DI 10.1529/biophysj.107.121715 PG 8 WC Biophysics SC Biophysics GA 327HC UT WOS:000257719200017 PM 18645196 ER PT J AU Satterfield, MB Salit, ML Choquette, SJ AF Satterfield, Mary B. Salit, Marc L. Choquette, Steven J. TI Use of Standard Reference Material 2242 (Relative Intensity Correction Standard for Raman Spectroscopy) for microarray scanner qualification SO BIOTECHNIQUES LA English DT Article ID EXPRESSION; QUALITY AB As a critical component of any microarray experiment, scanner performance has the potential to contribute variability and bias, the magnitude of which is usually not quantified. Using Standard Reference Material (SRM) 2242, which is certified for Raman spectral correction, for monitoring the microarray fluorescence at the two most commonly used wavelengths, our team at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed a method to establish scanner performance, qualifying signal measurement in microarray experiments. SRM 2242 exhibits the necessary photostability at the excitation wavelengths of 635 nm and 532 nm, which allows scanner signal stability monitoring, although it is not certified for use in this capacity. In the current study, instrument response was tracked day to day, confirming that changes observed in experimental arrays scanned are not due to changes in the scanner response, Signal intensity and signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) were tracked over time on three different scanners, indicating the utility of the SRM for scanner qualification. C1 [Satterfield, Mary B.; Salit, Marc L.; Choquette, Steven J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Satterfield, MB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mary.satterfield@nist.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 4 PU INFORMA HEALTHCARE PI NEW YORK PA 52 VANDERBILT AVE, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0736-6205 J9 BIOTECHNIQUES JI Biotechniques PD AUG PY 2008 VL 45 IS 2 BP 143 EP + DI 10.2144/000112818 PG 5 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA 411GT UT WOS:000263638000004 PM 18687063 ER PT J AU Zhang, JA Katsaros, KB Black, PG Lehner, S French, JR Drennan, WM AF Zhang, Jun A. Katsaros, Kristina B. Black, Peter G. Lehner, Susanne French, Jeffrey R. Drennan, William M. TI Effects of roll vortices on turbulent fluxes in the hurricane boundary layer SO BOUNDARY-LAYER METEOROLOGY LA English DT Article DE air-sea interaction; hurricane boundary layer; roll vortices; turbulent fluxes ID SYNTHETIC-APERTURE RADAR; COLD-AIR OUTBREAK; OCEAN WAVES EXPERIMENT; WIND MEASUREMENTS; GULF-STREAM; SAR IMAGES; PART II; SURFACE; AIRCRAFT; SATELLITE AB Boundary-layer secondary circulations or 'roll vortices' can have a significant influence on the turbulent exchange of momentum, sensible heat and moisture throughout the hurricane boundary layer. In this study, analyses of data from a WP-3D aircraft of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) are presented. As part of the Coupled Boundary Layer Air-Sea Transfer (CBLAST)-hurricane experiment sponsored through the Office of Naval Research and NOAA's annual hurricane research program, flights were conducted to investigate energy exchange across the air-sea interface. We present the first in-situ aircraft-based observations of rolls in the hurricane boundary layer and investigate their influence on energy and momentum exchange. The rolls detected in Hurricane Isidore (year 2002) have a characteristic wavelength of about 900 m, in good agreement with analyses of data from a synthetic aperture radar image captured by the Canadian Space Agency's RADARSAT satellite in the same storm. Our analyses of the airborne data suggest that roll vortices may be a significant factor modulating the air-sea momentum exchange. C1 [Zhang, Jun A.; Drennan, William M.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Appl Marine Phys, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Katsaros, Kristina B.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Black, Peter G.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Lehner, Susanne] German Aerosp Ctr DLR, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany. [French, Jeffrey R.] Univ Wyoming, Dept Atmospher Sci, Laramie, WY 82071 USA. RP Drennan, WM (reprint author), Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Appl Marine Phys, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM wdrennan@rsmas.miami.edu RI Zhang, Jun/F-9580-2012; OI Drennan, William/0000-0003-1708-4311 NR 51 TC 28 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0006-8314 J9 BOUND-LAY METEOROL JI Bound.-Layer Meteor. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 128 IS 2 BP 173 EP 189 DI 10.1007/s10546-008-9281-2 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 324VH UT WOS:000257547000001 ER PT J AU Bourles, B Lumpkin, R McPhaden, MJ Hernandez, F Nobre, P Campos, E Yu, LS Planton, S Busalacchi, A Moura, AD Servain, J Trotte, J AF Bourles, Bernard Lumpkin, Rick McPhaden, Michael J. Hernandez, Fabrice Nobre, Paulo Campos, Edmo Yu, Lisan Planton, Serge Busalacchi, Antonio Moura, Antonio D. Servain, Jacques Trotte, Janice TI The PIRATA program: History, accomplishments, and future directions SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID TROPICAL ATLANTIC-OCEAN; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DATA ASSIMILATION ANALYSIS; ANNUAL CYCLE; CLIMATIC VARIABILITY; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; MERIDIONAL MODES; HEAT FLUXES; CIRCULATION; SYSTEM AB The Pilot Research Moored Array in the tropical Atlantic (PIRATA) was developed as a multinational observation network to improve our knowledge and understanding of ocean-atmosphere variability in the tropical Atlantic. PIRATA was motivated by fundamental scientific issues and by societal needs for improved prediction of climate variability and its impact on the economies of West Africa, northeastern Brazil, the West Indies, and the United States. In this paper the implementation of this network is described, noteworthy accomplishments are highlighted, and the future of PIRATA in the framework of a sustainable tropical Atlantic observing system is discussed. We demonstrate that PIRATA has advanced beyond a "Pilot" program and, as such, we have redefined the PIRATA acronym to be "Prediction and Research Moored Array in the Tropical Atlantic". C1 [Bourles, Bernard] IRD, LEGOS, Cotonou, Benin. [Lumpkin, Rick] NOAA AOML, Miami, FL USA. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA USA. [Hernandez, Fabrice] Mercator Ocean, IRD, Toulouse, France. [Nobre, Paulo] INPE CPTEC, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Campos, Edmo] IOUSP, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Yu, Lisan] DPO WHOI, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Planton, Serge] CNRM GAME, Meteo France, Toulouse, France. [Busalacchi, Antonio] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Moura, Antonio D.] INMET, Brasilia, DF, Brazil. [Servain, Jacques] IRD FUNCEME, LOCEAN, Fortaleza, Ceara, Brazil. [Trotte, Janice] IOC UNESCO, DHN, Niteroi, RJ, Brazil. RP Bourles, B (reprint author), Ambassade France Cotonou, IRD SCAC, 128 Bis Rue Univ, F-75351 Paris 07, SP, France. EM bernard.bourles@ird.fr RI Campos, edmo/G-6995-2012; Hernandez, Fabrice/F-6642-2013; Lumpkin, Rick/C-9615-2009; BOURLES, BERNARD/I-4673-2015; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; PLANTON, Serge/L-3112-2016 OI Hernandez, Fabrice/0000-0003-2152-0657; Lumpkin, Rick/0000-0002-6690-1704; BOURLES, BERNARD/0000-0001-6515-4519; NR 65 TC 139 Z9 139 U1 0 U2 15 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 89 IS 8 BP 1111 EP + DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2462.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 346HG UT WOS:000259058800011 ER PT J AU Ferguson, JW Ploskey, GR Leonardsson, K Zabel, RW Lundqvist, H AF Ferguson, John W. Ploskey, Gene R. Leonardsson, Kjell Zabel, Richard W. Lundqvist, Hans TI Combining turbine blade-strike and life cycle models to assess mitigation strategies for fish passing dams SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID SALMON SALMO-SALAR; SNAKE RIVER DAMS; ATLANTIC SALMON; CHINOOK SALMON; STEELHEAD; SURVIVAL; BYPASS; VARIABILITY; EFFICIENCY; COLUMBIA AB The combined model produced a tool for evaluating effects on fish populations from passage through hydro-power turbines at dams. Mean blade-strike mortality was higher for adult Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sea-run brown trout (Salmo trutta) (25.2%-45.3%) than for juveniles (5.3%-9.7%). Based on life cycle modeling, salmon populations in two Swedish rivers responded differently to strategies for mitigating mortality caused by fish striking turbine blades. Although population growth rates increased up to 3% and were relatively similar for both rivers. the relative increase in the number of female salmon escaping above a dam annually after 20 years when both juveniles and adults were protected was greater in the River Pitealven (68%) than in the River Vindelalven (46%) and was approximately four times greater in the River Pitealven (38% vs. 10%) when only adults were protected. These population responses were not predicted by estimates of mortality through turbines. They showed the model could be used to evaluate strategies to conserve fish populations affected by dams located in fish migratory corridors and how postspawn adults contributed to population productivity. C1 [Ferguson, John W.; Zabel, Richard W.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Leonardsson, Kjell; Lundqvist, Hans] Swedish Univ Agr Sci, Dept Wildlife Fish & Environm Studies, S-90183 Umea, Sweden. RP Ferguson, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Ctr, Fish Ecol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM john.w.ferguson@noaa.gov NR 50 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 25 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 65 IS 8 BP 1568 EP 1585 DI 10.1139/F08-078 PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 348EN UT WOS:000259193900006 ER PT J AU Ichinokawa, M Coan, AL Takeuchi, Y AF Ichinokawa, Momoko Coan, Atilio L., Jr. Takeuchi, Yukio TI Transoceanic migration rates of young North Pacific albacore, Thunnus alalunga, from conventional tagging data SO CANADIAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES AND AQUATIC SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID TAG RECOVERIES; FISH MOVEMENT AB This study summarizes US and Japanese historical North Pacific albacore (Thunnus alalunga) tagging data and uses maximum likelihood methods to estimate seasonal migration rates of young North Pacific albacore. Previous studies related to North Pacific albacore migration have found that the frequency of albacore migrations is difficult to quantify because of inadequate amounts of tags released by the US tagging program in the western Pacific. Use of the combined Japan and US tagging data solves this problem. This study also incorporates specific seasonal migration routes, hypothesized in past qualitative analyses, to avoid overparameterization problems. The estimated migration patterns qualitatively correspond to those from previous studies and Suggest the possibility Of frequent westward movements and infrequent eastward movements in the North Pacific. This frequent westward movement of young albacore in the North Pacific Would correspond to a part of albacore life history in which immature fish recruit into fisheries in the western and eastern Pacific and then gradually move near to their spawning gounds in the central and western Pacific before maturing. C1 [Ichinokawa, Momoko; Takeuchi, Yukio] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu Ku, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. [Coan, Atilio L., Jr.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Ichinokawa, M (reprint author), Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Res Inst Far Seas Fisheries, Shimizu Ku, 5-7-1 Orido, Shizuoka 4248633, Japan. EM ichimomo@fra.affrc.go.jp NR 22 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 6 PU NATL RESEARCH COUNCIL CANADA-N R C RESEARCH PRESS PI OTTAWA PA BUILDING M 55, OTTAWA, ON K1A 0R6, CANADA SN 0706-652X J9 CAN J FISH AQUAT SCI JI Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 65 IS 8 BP 1681 EP 1691 DI 10.1139/F08-095 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 348EN UT WOS:000259193900014 ER PT J AU Kim, D Kug, JS Kang, IS Jin, FF Wittenberg, AT AF Kim, Daehyun Kug, Jong-Seong Kang, In-Sik Jin, Fei-Fei Wittenberg, Andrew T. TI Tropical Pacific impacts of convective momentum transport in the SNU coupled GCM SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; TOGA COARE IOP; EL-NINO; SOUTHERN OSCILLATION; CUMULUS FRICTION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; SIMULATION; PARAMETERIZATION; OCEAN; ENSO AB Impacts of convective momentum transport (CMT) on tropical Pacific climate are examined, using an atmospheric (AGCM) and coupled GCM (CGCM) from Seoul National University. The CMT scheme affects the surface mainly via a convection-compensating atmospheric subsidence which conveys momentum downward through most of the troposphere. AGCM simulations-with SSTs prescribed from climatological and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions-show substantial changes in circulation when CMT is added, such as an eastward shift of the climatological trade winds and west Pacific convection. The CMT also alters the ENSO wind anomalies by shifting them eastward and widening them meridionally, despite only subtle changes in the precipitation anomaly patterns. During ENSO, CMT affects the low-level winds mainly via the anomalous convection acting on the climatological westerly wind shear over the central Pacific-so that an eastward shift of convection transfers more westerly momentum toward the surface than would occur without CMT. By altering the low-level circulation, the CMT further alters the precipitation, which in turn feeds back on the CMT. In the CGCM, CMT affects the simulated climatology by shifting the mean convection and trade winds eastward and warming the equatorial SST; the ENSO period and amplitude also increase. In contrast to the AGCM simulations, CMT substantially alters the El Nino precipitation anomaly patterns in the CGCM. Also discussed are possible impacts of the CMT-induced changes in climatology on the simulated ENSO. C1 [Kug, Jong-Seong; Kang, In-Sik] Seoul Natl Univ, Climate Environm Syst Res Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. [Kim, Daehyun; Kang, In-Sik] Seoul Natl Univ, Sch Earth & Environm Sci, Seoul, South Korea. [Jin, Fei-Fei] Univ Hawaii, SOEST, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Wittenberg, Andrew T.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Kang, IS (reprint author), Seoul Natl Univ, Climate Environm Syst Res Ctr, Seoul, South Korea. EM kang@climate.snu.ac.kr RI Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013; KUG, JONG-SEONG/A-8053-2013; 안, 민섭/D-9972-2015 OI Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963; NR 51 TC 49 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2-3 BP 213 EP 226 DI 10.1007/s00382-007-0348-4 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 315WD UT WOS:000256910000007 ER PT J AU Solomon, A Shin, SI Alexander, MA McCreary, JP AF Solomon, Amy Shin, Sang-Ik Alexander, Michael A. McCreary, Julian P. TI The relative importance of tropical variability forced from the North Pacific through ocean pathways SO CLIMATE DYNAMICS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; DECADAL VARIABILITY; EL-NINO; EQUATORIAL THERMOCLINE; SUBTROPICAL CELLS; COUPLED MODEL; CIRCULATION; CLIMATE; ENSO; SIMULATION AB To what extent is tropical variability forced from the North Pacific through ocean pathways relative to locally generated variability and variability forced through the atmosphere? To address this question, in this study we use an anomaly-coupled model, consisting of a global, atmospheric general circulation model and a 41/2-layer, reduced-gravity, Pacific-Ocean model. Three solutions are obtained; with coupling over the entire basin (CNT), with coupling confined to the tropics and wind stress and heat fluxes in the North and South Pacific specified by climatology (TP), and with coupling confined to the Tropics and wind stress and heat fluxes in the North Pacific specified by output from CNT (NPF). It is found that there are two distinct signals forced in the North Pacific that can impact the tropics through ocean pathways. These two signals are forced by wind stress and surface heat flux anomalies in the subtropical North Pacific. The first signal is relatively fast, impacts tropical variability less than a year after forcing, is triggered from November to March, and propagates as a first-mode baroclinic Rossby wave. The second signal is only triggered during springtime when buoyancy forcing can effectively generate higher-order baroclinic modes through subduction anomalies into the permanent thermocline, and it reaches the equator 4-5 years after forcing. The slow signal is found to initiate tropical variability more efficiently than the fast signal with one standard deviation in subtropical zonal wind stress forcing tropical SST anomalies centered on the equator at 135 degrees W of approximately 0.5 degrees C. Allowing extratropically forced tropical variability is found to shift primarily 2-year ENSO variability in a tropics-alone simulation to a more realistic range of 2-6 years. C1 [Solomon, Amy; Shin, Sang-Ik; Alexander, Michael A.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Solomon, Amy; Shin, Sang-Ik] CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [McCreary, Julian P.] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. RP Solomon, A (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, R PSD1,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Amy.Solomon@noaa.gov RI Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013; Solomon, Amy/L-8988-2013 OI Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427; NR 47 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0930-7575 EI 1432-0894 J9 CLIM DYNAM JI Clim. Dyn. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 2-3 BP 315 EP 331 DI 10.1007/s00382-007-0353-7 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 315WD UT WOS:000256910000013 ER PT J AU Yang, B Tewary, VK AF Yang, B. Tewary, V. K. TI Green's function for multilayers with interfacial membrane and flexural rigidities SO CMC-COMPUTERS MATERIALS & CONTINUA LA English DT Article DE anisotropic elasticity; Fourier transform; Green's function; interface; interphase; Kirchhoff plate; membrane; multilayers; Stroh formalism ID ELASTIC FIELDS; BIMATERIALS; COMPOSITES; SOLIDS; HOLE AB A three-dimensional Green's function for a material system consisting of anisotropic and linearly elastic planar multilayers with interfacial membrane and flexural rigidities has been derived. The Stroh formalism and two-dimensional Fourier transforms are applied to derive the general solution for each homogeneous layer. The Green's function for the multilayers is then solved by imposing the surface boundary condition, the interfacial displacement continuity condition, and the interfacial traction discontinuity condition. The last condition is given by the membrane and bending equilibrium equations of the interphases modeled as Kirchhoff plates. Numerical results that demonstrate the validity and efficiency of the formulation are presented for the case of a stack of silicon thin films embedded in epoxy. C1 [Yang, B.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Tewary, V. K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yang, B (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Mech & Aerosp Engn, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. RI Yang, Bo/A-5716-2010 FU National Science Foundation [CMMI-0723486] FX The authors thank Prof. Walter Gerstle for his comments on the paper and useful suggestions. BY acknowledges the financial support from the National Science Foundation (CMMI-0723486) and a summer support from the National Institute of Standards and Technology that initiated the study. NR 20 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 7 PU TECH SCIENCE PRESS PI NORCROSS PA 6825 JIMMY CARTER BLVD, STE 1850, NORCROSS, GA 30071 USA SN 1546-2218 J9 CMC-COMPUT MATER CON JI CMC-Comput. Mat. Contin. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 23 EP 31 PG 9 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mathematics, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Engineering; Materials Science; Mathematics GA 338DC UT WOS:000258484500003 ER PT J AU Prager, MH Rosenberg, AA AF Prager, Michael H. Rosenberg, Andrew A. TI Closing the loop in fishery management: The importance of instituting regular independent management review SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Prager, Michael H.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Rosenberg, Andrew A.] Univ New Hampshire, Inst Study Earth Oceans & Space, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Prager, MH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM mike.prager@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 830 EP 831 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00912.x PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 334IX UT WOS:000258216600008 PM 18336618 ER PT J AU Carroll, C Johnson, DS AF Carroll, Carlos Johnson, Devin S. TI The importance of being spatial (and reserved): Assessing Northern Spotted Owl habitat relationships with hierarchical Bayesian Models SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian inference; focal species; habitat relationships; Northwest Forest Plan; spatial autoregressive model; species distribution model; Spotted Owl; strix occidentalis ID DEMOGRAPHIC PERFORMANCE; NORTHWEST; OREGON AB Regional conservation planning increasingly draws on habitat suitability models to support decisions regarding land allocation and management. Nevertheless, statistical techniques commonly used for developing such models may give misleading results because they fail to account for 3 factors common in data sets of species distribution: spatial autocorrelation, the large number of sites where the species is absent (zero inflation), and uneven survey effort. We used spatial autoregressive models fit with Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques to assess the relationship between older coniferous forest and the abundance of Northern Spotted Owl nest and activity sites throughout the species' range. The spatial random-effect term incorporated in the autoregressive models successfully accounted for zero inflation and reduced the effect of survey bias on estimates of species-habitat associations. Our results support the hypothesis that the relationship between owl distribution and older forest varies with latitude. A quadratic relationship between owl abundance and older forest was evident in the southern portion of the range, and a pseudothreshold relationship was evident in the northern portion of the range. Our results suggest that proposed changes to the network of owl habitat reserves would reduce the proportion of the population protected by up to one-third, and that proposed guidelines for forest management within reserves underestimate the proportion of older forest associated with maximum owl abundance and inappropriately generalize threshold relationships among subregions. Bayesian spatial models can greatly enhance the utility of habitat analysis for conservation planning because they add the statistical flexibility necessary for analyzing regional survey data while retaining the interpretability of simpler models. C1 [Carroll, Carlos] Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA. [Johnson, Devin S.] NOAA Fisheries, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Carroll, C (reprint author), Klamath Ctr Conservat Res, Orleans, CA 95556 USA. EM carlos@klamathconservation.org NR 20 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 3 U2 19 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1026 EP 1036 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00931.x PG 11 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 334IX UT WOS:000258216600028 PM 18477026 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Adams, PB Bohnsack, J Taylor, BL AF Waples, Robin S. Adams, Peter B. Bohnsack, James Taylor, Barbara L. TI Legal viability, societal values, and SPOIR: Response to D'Elia et al SO CONSERVATION BIOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material ID ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT; NORMATIVITY C1 [Waples, Robin S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Adams, Peter B.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Santa Cruz, CA 95060 USA. [Bohnsack, James] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Taylor, Barbara L.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 10 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0888-8892 J9 CONSERV BIOL JI Conserv. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 BP 1075 EP 1077 DI 10.1111/j.1523-1739.2008.00980.x PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 334IX UT WOS:000258216600034 ER PT J AU LeBel, DA Smethie, WM Rhein, M Kieke, D Fine, RA Bullister, JL Min, DH Roether, W Weiss, RF Andrie, C Smythe-Wright, D Jones, EP AF LeBel, Deborah A. Smethie, William M., Jr. Rhein, Monika Kieke, Dagmar Fine, Rana A. Bullister, John L. Min, Dong-Ha Roether, Wolfgang Weiss, Ray F. Andrie, Chantal Smythe-Wright, Denise Jones, E. Peter TI The formation rate of North Atlantic Deep Water and Eighteen Degree Water calculated from CFC-11 inventories observed during WOCE SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE North Atlantic Deep Water; Eighteen Degree Water; CFCs; formation rate; circulation ID LABRADOR SEA-WATER; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; DENMARK STRAIT OVERFLOW; FAROE BANK CHANNEL; MID-DEPTH CIRCULATION; GIBBS FRACTURE-ZONE; BOTTOM WATER; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; EQUATORIAL ATLANTIC; DECADAL VARIABILITY AB The accumulation of man-made chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in subsurface water masses is directly related to their formation rate, and the water mass formation rate can be calculated from its CFC inventory. CFC-11 inventories between 65 degrees N and 10 degrees S in the Atlantic Ocean have been calculated for Eighteen Degree Water (EDW) and the components of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) from data collected primarily between 1996 and 1998 as part of the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE). CFC-11 inventories for individual water masses are 5.4 million moles for EDW, 10.5 million moles for Upper Labrador Sea Water (ULSW) (4.6 million moles south of 42 degrees N), 23.4 million moles for Classical Labrador Sea Water (CLSW), 10.4 million moles for Iceland-Scotland Overflow Water (ISOW), and 8.3 million moles for Denmark Strait Overflow Water (DSOW). The estimated error for these inventories is about +/- 10%. The sum of the NADW components (ULSW, CLSW, ISOW, DSOW) is 53.2 million moles which is about half of the total CFC-11 inventory, 103.8 million moles, in the North Atlantic Ocean. Maps of water column inventories illustrate the formation mechanisms and spreading pathways within these water masses. The inventories directly reflect the input of newly formed water in the North Atlantic over the time scale of the CFC transient, about 3 decades. The interior regions of the North Atlantic contain most (75-80%) of the CFC-11 inventory in NADW indicating strong recirculation and mixing of newly formed NADW from the DWBC into the interior with a time scale of 2-3 decades. Average water mass formation rates between 1970 and 1997 are: 3.3Sv for EDW, 3.5Sv for ULSW (2.0Sv from the central Labrador Sea and 1.5 Sv from the southern Labrador Sea), 8.2 Sv for CLSW, 5.7 Sv for ISOW, and 2.2 Sv for DSOW. Estimated errors are +/- 20% for CLSW and +/- 16% for the other water masses. The total for NADW, which forms the deep limb of the North Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation, is 19.6 Sv. An extensive test of the effects of temporal variability on the average formation rate calculated from the CFC inventory indicates that the error introduced by the assumption of a constant water mass formation rate is no greater than 15% for CLSW and 10% for the other water masses. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [LeBel, Deborah A.; Smethie, William M., Jr.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10962 USA. [Rhein, Monika; Kieke, Dagmar; Bullister, John L.; Roether, Wolfgang] Univ Bremen, Abt Ozeanog, Inst Umweltphys, D-28395 Bremen, Germany. [Fine, Rana A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Min, Dong-Ha] Univ Texas Austin, Inst Marine Sci, Austin, TX 78373 USA. [Weiss, Ray F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, San Diego, CA 92093 USA. [Andrie, Chantal] Univ Paris 06, CNRS IRD, Lab Oceanog Dynam & Climatol, F-75252 Paris 05, France. [Smythe-Wright, Denise] Natl Oceanog Ctr, Southampton SO14 3ZH, England. [Jones, E. Peter] Bedford Inst Oceanog, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. RP Smethie, WM (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10962 USA. EM bsmeth@ldeo.columbia.edu RI Rhein, Monika/P-1969-2016; OI Rhein, Monika/0000-0003-1496-2828; Kieke, Dagmar/0000-0002-2414-0695 NR 62 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 20 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 8 BP 891 EP 910 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.03.009 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 338YZ UT WOS:000258546600001 ER PT J AU Bullister, JL Wisegarver, DP AF Bullister, John L. Wisegarver, David P. TI The shipboard analysis of trace levels of sulfur hexafluoride, chlorofluorocarbon-11 and chlorofluorocarbon-12 in seawater SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART I-OCEANOGRAPHIC RESEARCH PAPERS LA English DT Article DE sulfur hexafluoride; transient tracers; analytical methods; chlorofluorocarbons ID TRANSIENT TRACER; CARBON-TETRACHLORIDE; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; SEA-WATER; RATES; AIR; SF6; ATLANTIC; CFC-113; HISTORY AB Methods are described for the rapid (11 min) automated shipboard analysis of dissolved sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in small volume (similar to 200 cm(3)) seawater samples. Estimated precision for the SF6 measurements is similar to 2% or 0.02 fmol kg(-1) (whichever is greater). The method also allows for the simultaneous measurement of chlorofluorocarbon-11 (CFC11) and chlorofluorocarbon-12 (CFC12) on the same water sample, with significantly improved sensitivity over previous analytical methods. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bullister, John L.; Wisegarver, David P.] NOAA PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bullister, JL (reprint author), NOAA PMEL, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM john.L.Bullister@noaa.gov; David.Wisegarver@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0637 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT I JI Deep-Sea Res. Part I-Oceanogr. Res. Pap. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1063 EP 1074 DI 10.1016/j.dsr.2008.03.014 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 338YZ UT WOS:000258546600011 ER PT J AU Macklin, SA AF Macklin, S. Allen TI The marine ecosystem of the Pribilof Domain, southeastern Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Macklin, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM allen.macklin@noaa.gov NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 16-17 BP 1697 EP 1697 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.001 PG 1 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 363SR UT WOS:000260287500001 ER PT J AU Macklin, SA Schumacher, J Moore, SE Smith, S AF Macklin, S. Allen Schumacher, J. (a. k. a. Two Crow) Moore, Susan E. Smith, Sharon TI Sustaining the marine ecosystem of the Pribilof Domain SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Macklin, S. Allen] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Moore, Susan E.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Smith, Sharon] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Macklin, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM allen.macklin@noaa.gov; twocrow@zianet.com; sue.moore@noaa.gov; sharon.smith@rsmas.miami.edu NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 16-17 BP 1698 EP 1700 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.023 PG 3 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 363SR UT WOS:000260287500002 ER PT J AU Stabeno, PJ Kachel, N Mordy, C Righi, D Salo, S AF Stabeno, P. J. Kachel, N. Mordy, C. Righi, D. Salo, S. TI An examination of the physical variability around the Pribilof Islands in 2004 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Drifters; Fronts; Ocean currents; Physical oceanography; Tidal mixing; Bering Sea ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; INNER FRONT; GREEN BELT; ICE EDGE; SHELF; CIRCULATION; MODEL; ARCHIPELAGO; COORDINATE; SATELLITE AB The Pribilof Islands form a unique ecosystem. An anti-cyclonic oceanic flow exists around the islands. Nutrients are introduced into this circulation from two sources: (1) the flow along the 100-m isobath with intrusions of nutrient-rich water in Pribilof Canyon, and (2) the westward transport and vertical mixing of middle-shelf water, which contains nutrient-rich bottom water. Enhanced tidal mixing around the Pribilofs introduces this deeper, nutrient-rich water into the euphotic zone and thus supports prolonged production around the islands. Further, the middle-shelf water that is advected into the region causes the upper 50m of the water column around the islands to freshen throughout the summer. This enhances the frontal structure and strengthens the baroclinic flow along the 100-m isobath. The strengthening of the frontal structure can moderate ecosystem productivity by limiting the intrusion of slope water rich in nutrients and oceanic copepods. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Stabeno, P. J.; Salo, S.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Kachel, N.; Mordy, C.; Righi, D.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Stabeno, PJ (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM Phyllis.Stabeno@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [OPP-0326561]; Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) [NA17RJ1232] FX We thank the crew and officers of the R/V Alpha Helix for their assistance and effort, and the officers and crew of the NOAAS Miller Freeman for their assistance in deploying and recovering the moorings. We appreciate the efforts of G.L. Hunt, Jr. as chief scientist and PI on this investigation. We further thank W Parker, W. Floering, C. Dewitt and D. Kachel for their efforts in deploying and recovering moorings and processing their data. This is contribution EcoFOCI-N620 to NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity research program and contribution 3013 to the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. The Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation, partially funded this research under Grant no. OPP-0326561. This publication also is partially funded by the joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement no. NA17RJ1232, Contribution Number (to be assigned). NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 9 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 16-17 BP 1701 EP 1716 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.03.006 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 363SR UT WOS:000260287500003 ER PT J AU Sullivan, ME Kachel, NB Mordy, CW Stabeno, PJ AF Sullivan, M. E. Kachel, N. B. Mordy, C. W. Stabeno, P. J. TI The Pribilof Islands: Temperature, salinity and nitrate during summer 2004 SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Hydrography; Nutrients; Ocean currents; Oceanic fronts; Shelf domains; Pribilof islands ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING-SEA; SHELF; ALASKA; VARIABILITY; ECOSYSTEM; FRONT; FLOW AB The Pribilofs, comprised of St. Paul and St. George Islands and two smaller islands, are a highly productive area on the western edge of the eastern Bering Sea shelf. Proximity to both the slope and more shallow shelf waters, and the confluence of multiple physical domains differentiates conditions in this region from those in other areas on this shelf. This is a unique domain in the Bering Sea that we refer to as the "Pribilof domain". Hydrographic and biological data were collected during a 2004 summer research cruise in this region. The study undertook testing the hypothesis that on-shelf intrusion of slope waters supplies nutrients to this multi-domain area, thereby seasonally influencing new primary production and consequently the entire marine ecosystem. The Pribilof domain is characterized by enhanced mixing, particularly the area between St. Paul and St. George Islands; organized anti-cyclonic flow around St. Paul Island, around St. George Island, and around the island group; strong tidal currents; and is a location where nutrient-rich water from the bottom layer of the middle shelf and deeper water from the slope are vertically mixed to sustain production throughout the summer. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sullivan, M. E.; Kachel, N. B.; Mordy, C. W.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stabeno, P. J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sullivan, ME (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Peggy.Sullivan@noaa.gov FU R/V Alpha Helix; NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [3014]; Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) [NA17RJ1232]; North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity [EcoFOCI-N621]; National Science Foundation [0327308]; [1372] FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Alpha Helix for support of our work. Also, we thank George Hunt for creating a detailed cruise report, and Sigrid Salo for contributions to the report, documenting well the physical oceanography work accomplished during the cruise. This publication is contribution no. 3014 from NOAA/Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, contribution EcoFOCI-N621 to NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity research program and is [partially] funded by the joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement no. NA17RJ1232, Contribution no. 1372. This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant no. 0327308. NR 21 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 16-17 BP 1729 EP 1737 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.03.004 PG 9 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 363SR UT WOS:000260287500005 ER PT J AU Mordy, CW Stabeno, PJ Righi, D Menzia, FA AF Mordy, Calvin W. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Righi, Dylan Menzia, Frederick A. TI Origins of the subsurface ammonium maximum in the Southeast Bering Sea SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Pribilof Islands; Bering Sea; Ammonium; Advection; Diffusion; Drifters ID SHELF; NITROGEN; OCEAN; PHYTOPLANKTON; PACIFIC AB In the Bering Sea, it has long been argued that ammonium-rich bottom water from the middle shelf of Bristol Bay is tidally diffused seaward resulting in a mid-depth ammonium tongue over the outer shelf. Weak horizontal mean flows in the region (relative to an especially strong tidal component) support this contention. We examined the distribution of ammonium further north in the vicinity of the Pribilof Islands. On the middle shelf, bottom waters had concentrations of 4-7 mu mol kg(-1), and over the outer shelf there was a mid-depth ammonium tongue. Optimal multiparameter analysis of hydrographic data suggested that bottom waters from the middle shelf were prevalent across the outer shelf, and could account for this ammonium tongue. Drifter tracks demonstrated that middle shelf water was incorporated into a westward flow along the shelf break south of St. George Island, and mean flows derived from several decades of drifter tracks also show prominent cross-shelf advection in the region. This was consistent with a scalar argument suggesting that, in the vicinity of the Pribilof Islands, the seaward movement of middle shelf water, and loss of nitrogen over the middle shelf, was the result of advection rather than tidally driven lateral diffusion. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mordy, Calvin W.; Righi, Dylan; Menzia, Frederick A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Mordy, CW (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 354235, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM Calvin.W.Mordy@noaa.gov; phyllis.stabeno@noaa.gov; dylan.righi@noaa.gov; fred.menzia@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [0327308]; JISAO [NA17RJ1232, 1371]; PMEL [3015]; NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity [EcoFOCI-N622] FX We thank the officers and crew of the R/V Alpha Helix for assistance during the cruise, and G. L. Hunt for his insights and efforts as the chief scientist and PI on this expedition. Some of the figures were created using Ocean Data View, a versatile software program from Reiner Schlitzer. We are grateful to Karen Birchfield and Doug Jongeward at PMEL and Nancy Kachel at the University of Washington for assistance with the figures, and for the valuable comments of T. Saino and two anonymous reviewers. This material is based upon the work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant #0327308, and was partially funded by JISAO under NOAA cooperative agreement no. NA17RJ1232. This article is PMEL contribution 3015, JISAO contribution 1371, and contribution EcoFOCI-N622 to NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity research program. NR 17 TC 9 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 16-17 BP 1738 EP 1744 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.03.005 PG 7 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 363SR UT WOS:000260287500006 ER PT J AU Sambrotto, RN Mordy, C Zeeman, SI Stabeno, PJ Macklin, SA AF Sambrotto, Raymond N. Mordy, Calvin Zeeman, Stephan I. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Macklin, S. Allen TI Physical forcing and nutrient conditions associated with patterns of Chl a and phytoplankton productivity in the southeastern Bering Sea during summer SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Nutrients (mineral); Primary production; Phytoplankton; Frontal features; iron limitation; Physical-biological coupling ID SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; SHELF-BREAK FRONT; MIDDLE ATLANTIC BIGHT; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; CONTINENTAL-SHELF; EXPORT PRODUCTION; IRON ENRICHMENT; FISH PRODUCTION; ORGANIC-CARBON; CHUKCHI SEAS AB Measurements of nutrients, primary ((14)C) productivity and new (nitrate) productivity collected in the southeastern Bering Sea in July and August 2004 together with measurements from July 1981 are used to characterize the regional production system during summer and to analyze the major physical and nutrient factors controlling biological patterns. The patterns of surface productivity suggested by the two different summers were remarkably similar in the regions of data overlap and agree with recent compilations of summer conditions from remotely sensed data. Summer was characterized by low production in the middle and outer shelf associated with surface mixed layers that were stabilized by heat. Elevated productivity was restricted to regions associated with the surface expression of thermohaline fronts, as well as to tidally mixed regions adjacent to and between the Pribilof Islands. Based on Chl a and productivity measurements, the biological impact of the shelf-break front of the southeastern Bering Sea extends at least as far inshore as the Pribilof Islands. The existence of elevated summer productivity associated with a recently identified shelf-partition front between the Pribilof domain and the middle shelf domain east of St. Paul Island was confirmed, and its thermohaline nature resulting from cumulative intrusions of slope-derived water is described. Yearly estimates of new and primary productivity compiled for the various biophysical regimes range from > 1800 mmol N m(-2) yr(-1) and > 170 g C m(-2) yr(-1) at the shelf-break front to less than 700 mmol N m(-2) yr-1 and 100 g C m(-2) yr(-1) in oceanic and coastal waters. We hypothesize that trace metals, rather than macronutrients or grazing, likely restrict the seaward extent of elevated production at the shelf-break front. Iron may be supplied to the front by isopycnal mixing from deeper shelf waters that were in contact with sediments. By extending elevated production throughout the summer, the thermohaline and tidal fronts enhance the coupling of primary production to epipelagic food webs for the large populations of fish, birds and mammals in the region. Changes in the intensity or location of these frontal systems may impact populations that forage in them from the nearby Pribilof Islands. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Sambrotto, Raymond N.] Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. [Mordy, Calvin] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Zeeman, Stephan I.] Univ New England, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.; Macklin, S. Allen] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Sambrotto, RN (reprint author), Columbia Univ, Lamont Doherty Earth Observ, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY 10964 USA. EM sambrott@ldeo.columbia.edu FU NSF OPP [0326953, 0326415]; S.I. Zeeman and NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1232]; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Contribution [7134]; PMEL [2976]; JISAO [1350]; NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations [EcoFOCI-N640] FX We thank the captain and crew of the R/V Alpha Helix for their superb seamanship and help during the AH288 cruise. We also acknowledge the helpful comments from George Hunt and an anonymous reviewer. This research was supported by NSF OPP Grant no. 0326953 to R. Sambrotto, NSF OPP Grant no. 0326415 to S.I. Zeeman and NOAA Cooperative Agreement no. NA17RJ1232 to the joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO). This is Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Contribution no. 7134; PMEL Contribution no. 2976, JISAO Contribution no. 1350, and contribution EcoFOCI-N640 to NOAA's Ecosystems and Fisheries-Oceanography Coordinated Investigations. NR 89 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 1 U2 12 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 16-17 BP 1745 EP 1760 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.03.003 PG 16 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 363SR UT WOS:000260287500007 ER PT J AU Coyle, KO Pinchuk, AI Eisner, LB Napp, JM AF Coyle, Kenneth O. Pinchuk, Alexei I. Eisner, Lisa B. Napp, Jeffrey M. TI Zooplankton species composition, abundance and biomass on the eastern Bering Sea shelf during summer: The potential role of water-column stability and nutrients in structuring the zooplankton community SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Zooplankton; Hydrography; Stability; Nutrients; Alaska; Bering Sea ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; AGE-0 WALLEYE POLLOCK; ATLANTIC RIGHT WHALES; TEMPORAL VARIABILITY; ANOMALOUS CONDITIONS; PELAGIC ECOSYSTEM; PRIBILOF ISLANDS; PACIFIC SALMON; AURELIA-AURITA; CLIMATE-CHANGE AB The southeastern Bering Sea sustains one of the largest fisheries in the United States, as well as wildlife resources that support valuable tourist and subsistence economies. The fish and wildlife populations in turn are sustained by a food web linking primary producers to apex predators through the zooplankton community. Recent shifts in climate toward warmer conditions may threaten these resources by altering productivity and trophic relationships in the ecosystem on the southeastern Bering Sea shelf. We examined the zooplankton community near the Pribilof Islands and on the middle shelf of the southeastern Bering Sea in summer of 1999 and 2004 to document differences and similarities in species composition, abundance and biomass by region and year. Between August 1999 and August 2004, the summer zooplankton community of the middle shelf shifted from large to small species. Significant declines were observed in the biomass of large scyphozoans (Chrysaora melanaster), large copepods (Calanus marshallae), arrow worms (Sagitta elegans) and euphausiids (Thysanoessa raschii, T inermis) between 1999 and 2004. In contrast, significantly higher densities of the small copepods (Pseudocalanus spp., Oithona similis) and small hydromedusae (Euphysa flammea) were observed in 2004 relative to 1999. Stomach analyses of young-of-the-year (age 0) pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) from the middle shelf indicated a dietary shift from large to small copepods in 2004 relative to 1999. The shift in the zooplankton community was accompanied by a 3-fold increase in water-column stability in 2004 relative to 1999, primarily due to warmer water above the thermocline, with a mean temperature of 7.3 degrees C in 1999 and 12.6 degrees C in 2004. The elevated water-column stability and warmer conditions may have influenced the zooplankton composition by lowering summer primary production and selecting for species more tolerant of a warm, oligotrophic environment. A time series of temperature from the middle shelf indicates that the warmer conditions in 2004 are part of a trend rather than an expression of interannual variability. These results suggest that if climate on the Bering Sea shelf continues to warm, the zooplankton community may shift from large to small taxa which could strongly impact apex predators and the economies they support. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Coyle, Kenneth O.] Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Pinchuk, Alexei I.] Univ Alaska, Seward Marine Ctr, Seward, AK 99664 USA. [Eisner, Lisa B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Lab, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Coyle, KO (reprint author), Univ Alaska, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. EM coyle@ims.uaf.edu FU Office of Polar Programs; National Science Foundation [OPP-0326561]; Inner Front Project [OPP-9617287, OPP-9819273]; CIFAR [NA67RJ0147]; NOAA; Bering Sea Fisherman's Association; Fisherman's Association FX This research was conducted on the R.V. Alpha Helix. Technical support was provided by the captain, crew and ships technicians (Steve Hartz, Brian Rowe, Dave Aldridge and Dan Mahalck). Aid in sample processing and data entry was provided by Chris Stark, Janet Ballek, Carla Delfino and Elizabeth Stockman This research was multidisciplinary, involving the cooperation of a number of researchers and institutions. They include: Phyllis Stabeno, Sigrid Salo and Calvin Mordy (NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory), Ray Sambroto (Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University), Steve Zeeman (University of New England), George Hunt (University of California Irvine), Jaime Jahncke (PRBO Conservation Science, Stinson Beach CA). BASIS zooplankton data were uploaded to the computer and verified by Mary Courtney. BASIS data were collected on board the F/V Sea Storm with assistance from the captain and crew, NOAA staff and Russian scientists from TINRO (Natalia Kuznetsova and Oleg Ivanov). We thank all of the above for their participation in this research effort. This project was funded by the Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation Grant number OPP-0326561. Material from 1999 came from the Inner Front Project, funded by Grant numbers OPP-9617287 and OPP-9819273 with supplemental support from CIFAR Grant number NA67RJ0147. BASIS research was funded by NOAA, with supplemental support from the Bering Sea Fisherman's Association. The Yukon River Drainage Fisherman's Association also provided financial support for survey scientists. NR 75 TC 71 Z9 76 U1 5 U2 31 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 16-17 BP 1775 EP 1791 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.029 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 363SR UT WOS:000260287500009 ER PT J AU Call, KA Ream, RR Johnson, D Sterling, JT Towell, RG AF Call, Katherine A. Ream, Rolf R. Johnson, Devin Sterling, Jeremy T. Towell, Rodney G. TI Foraging route tactics and site fidelity of adult female northern fur seal (Callorhinus ursinus) around the Pribilof Islands SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Bayesian estimation; Biotelemetry; Foraging behavior; Marine mammals; Pinnipeds; Pribilof Islands ID SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; ARCTOCEPHALUS-GAZELLA; MARINE PREDATOR; CLIMATE-CHANGE; AREA FIDELITY; BEHAVIOR; ECOSYSTEM; MOVEMENTS; PATTERNS; DIET AB This study examines foraging route choices and foraging site fidelity of 39 lactating adult northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) at six rookeries on the Pribilof Islands. Satellite transmitters were deployed on seals at St. Paul (n = 19) and St. George (n = 20) Islands during the 2004 breeding season. A total of 167 complete foraging trips were identified, with individuals making 2-8 consecutive trips each. Foraging trip directional bearing, total distance traveled, maximum distance traveled, trip duration, and relative search effort were used to make comparisons among islands, rookeries, and individuals. The amount of time individuals spent in each of five hydrographic domains (inner shelf, middle shelf, outer shelf, shelf break, and oceanic) were important factors in determining foraging strategies. These domains are related to the bathymetry of the continental shelf, have predictable temperature, salinity, and current structures, and were used to define foraging habitat differences within and among individuals and rookeries. Based on cluster analysis and model results, we distinguished three types of individual foraging route tactics. Identifying variability in foraging route choices at the rookery and individual level is important for understanding the ability of northern fur seals to adapt to changes in environmental conditions and prey distributions. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Call, Katherine A.; Ream, Rolf R.; Johnson, Devin; Sterling, Jeremy T.; Towell, Rodney G.] NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Call, KA (reprint author), NMFS, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM kate.call@noaa.gov NR 45 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 3 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 16-17 BP 1883 EP 1896 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04-022 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 363SR UT WOS:000260287500019 ER PT J AU Sinclair, EH Vlietstra, LS Johnson, DS Zeppelin, TK Byrd, GV Springer, AM Ream, RR Hunt, GL AF Sinclair, E. H. Vlietstra, L. S. Johnson, D. S. Zeppelin, T. K. Byrd, G. V. Springer, A. M. Ream, R. R. Hunt, G. L., Jr. TI Patterns in prey use among fur seals and seabirds in the Pribilof Islands SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article DE Seabirds; Fur seals; Diet; Bayesian; Sea surface temperature; Pribilof Islands ID LIONS EUMETOPIAS-JUBATUS; POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; SOUTHEASTERN BERING SEA; NUTRITIONAL STRESS HYPOTHESIS; ST-PAUL-ISLAND; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; FEEDING-HABITS; CLIMATE-CHANGE; WESTERN STOCK; REGIME SHIFT AB We explored correlation in diet trends for five piscivorous predators that reproduce on the Pribilof Islands as illustrative of the shifting structure of the Bering Sea ecosystem. We evaluated the size and species of prey consumed by adult female and juvenile northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and adults and chicks of black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), red-legged kittiwakes (Rissa brevirostris), thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia), and common murres (Uria aalge) from data collected between July and October 1960-2000. Sample sources included stomachs from seals and seabirds collected on pelagic foraging grounds in the eastern Bering Sea, seal scats from rookeries and seabird regurgitations and whole prey from nest sites on St. Paul and St. George Islands of the Pribilof Island archipelago. Typical prey included small fish and invertebrates (<= 20 cm for seals and <= 12 cm for seabirds) that concentrate along frontal boundaries of the continental shelf/slope and in the epi-pelagic zone. Squids and fishes including walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma), capelin (Mallotus villosus), and sand lance (Ammodytes hexapterus) were variably important in the diet of all five predators. Some prey, such as capelin, were principal in predator diets during the 1960s (seals) and into the early 1980s (seabirds), but declined or disappeared from all predator diets thereafter while others, such as walleye pollock, occurred with increasing frequency from the 1970s forward. As the number of individuals consuming walleye pollock increased, the overall volume of pollock in seabird diets declined. This decline was coincident with a decrease in the age and body size of pollock consumed by both seabirds and fur seals. Squid and pollock were negatively correlated in the diets of their primary consumers, northern fur seals (Pearson's coefficient -0.71, p = 0.016) and thick-billed murres (Pearson's coefficient = -0.74, p = 0.015) from the 1970s forward. Inter-island variation in diet was evident to varying degrees for all predators, with a prevalence of fish on St. Paul Island and invertebrates on St. George Island. Bayesian time-series analysis of synthesized data described significant temporal cross-correlation in diet among northern fur seals, red- and black-legged kittiwakes, and thick-billed murres. For all correlated predators except common murres, beta-binomial modeling indicated that trends in the occurrence of four of the five primary prey (sand lance, capelin, squid, and pollock) evaluated, were significantly associated with eastern Bering Sea time-series trends in sea surface temperature, ice retreat or a combination of both. Data synthesis highlighted potential competition and a scenario for the effects of an altered prey field on the population stability of predators. The association between correlated diet changes among predators and indices of oceanographic shifts in the 1970s and the 1990s allow scrutiny of hypotheses concerning causal mechanisms in population declines. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sinclair, E. H.; Johnson, D. S.; Zeppelin, T. K.; Ream, R. R.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Vlietstra, L. S.] Massachusetts Maritime Acad, Dept Marine Safety & Environm Protect, Buzzards Bay, MA 02532 USA. [Byrd, G. V.] US Fish & Wildlife Serv, Alaska Maritime Natl Wildlife Refuge, Homer, AK 99603 USA. [Springer, A. M.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. [Hunt, G. L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sinclair, EH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM beth.sinclair@noaa.gov OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 FU NOAA Coastal Ocean Program; Southeastern Bering Sea Carrying Capacity Program (SEBSCC) [NA160P1164]; National Science Foundation [OOP-0327308] FX The authors are indebted to the pioneering efforts of the numerous individual biologists whose work is represented here, as well as those supporting institutions that recognized the value of long-term research through the decades. We are grateful to Bud Antonelis, Chuck Fowler, Tom Gelatt, Sue Moore, Gary Duker, and the editorial shop of the AFSC and an anonymous reviewer for the contribution of their time and expertise towards the enhancement of this manuscript, and to our colleagues Nick Bond and Phyllis Stabeno (Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory) for their advice in defining the appropriate time-series of environmental variables to use in modeling. Partial funding in support of this work was provided by the NOAA Coastal Ocean Program, Southeastern Bering Sea Carrying Capacity Program (SEBSCC), Grant no. NA160P1164 and National Science Foundation Grant OOP-0327308. NR 96 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 13 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 16-17 BP 1897 EP 1918 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.031 PG 22 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 363SR UT WOS:000260287500020 ER PT J AU Hunt, GL Stabeno, PJ Strom, S Napp, JM AF Hunt, George L., Jr. Stabeno, Phyllis J. Strom, Suzanne Napp, Jeffrey M. TI Patterns of spatial and temporal variation in the marine ecosystem of the southeastern Bering Sea, with special reference to the Pribilof Domain SO DEEP-SEA RESEARCH PART II-TOPICAL STUDIES IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Climate impacts; Shelf ecosystems; Zooplankton; Bering Sea; Alaska; Pribilof Islands ID POLLOCK THERAGRA-CHALCOGRAMMA; JUVENILE WALLEYE POLLOCK; NORTHERN FUR SEALS; SEQUENTIAL MEGAFAUNAL COLLAPSE; SHORT-TAILED SHEARWATERS; BLACK-LEGGED KITTIWAKES; SUB-ARCTIC PACIFIC; PRINCE-WILLIAM SOUND; CALLORHINUS-URSINUS; PHYTOPLANKTON GROWTH AB Results from 2004 field observations, integrated with those from prior studies, allow definition of a unique "Pribilof Domain" in the southeastern Bering Sea. This domain results from its geographic location and bathymetry that supply water from the outer shelf and slope that is replete with dissolved and planktonic material. We highlight temporal variability in this domain and place this in the broader context of mechanisms identified as potentially important in regulating the flow of energy and material in this shelf ecosystem. In the Pribilof Domain, unique circulation features and mixing are responsible for energy and material dynamics. Rectified tidal currents entrain water from the Outer Shelf Domain, thereby transporting nutrients and plankton to the vicinity of the Pribilof islands. Near the islands, winds and strong tides interact with bathymetric features to mix nutrients into surface waters, resulting in localized regions of high new production well after the cessation of new production in the highly stratified waters of the Middle Shelf Domain. Large, oceanic species of zooplankton are episodically advected into the Pribilof Domain where they provide an important source of prey for predators. In 1999, a cold year, sea ice was present in the southeastern Bering Sea until late May, summer stratification over the middle shelf was weaker than in 2004, "large" crustacean zooplankton were abundant, and microzooplankton productivity was greater than in 2004. In contrast, 2004 was a warm year in which sea ice retreated in early March, summer stratification was strong, summer primary production was lower than in 1999, and small shelf species dominated the mesozooplankton, the biomass of which was comparable to some of the lowest values in 50 years. In 2004, microzooplankton consumed about half of the primary production in the Middle Shelf Domain. Evidence is mounting that the eastern Bering Sea is undergoing a major change in the structure and function of its ecosystem. The lack of large zooplankton in Middle Shelf Domain waters in summer, possibly linked to the lack of an early spring, ice-associated phytoplankton bloom, can be expected to affect the distribution, and possibly growth, of planktivorous groundfish, such as walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma). Bottom temperatures also affect the distribution of fish, with warm temperatures allowing many groundfish species to extend their distributions northward and eastward. We review mechanisms influencing productivity and its fate, and the impacts of a changing ecosystem on apex predators tied to the Pribilof Islands for reproduction. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hunt, George L., Jr.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Stabeno, Phyllis J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, OAR, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Strom, Suzanne] Western Washington Univ, Shannon Point Marine Ctr, Anacortes, WA 98221 USA. [Napp, Jeffrey M.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hunt, GL (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM geohunt2@u.washington.edu OI Hunt, George/0000-0001-8709-2697 FU NSF [OPP-0327308, OPP-09617287, OPP-9819251]; Bering Ecosystem Study (BEST) [1]; NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity [EcoFOCI-N648]; NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory [3173] FX We thank K. Call, K.O. Coyle, L. Fritz, T. Gelatt, A. Kitaysky, T. Loher, A. Macklin, A. Pinchuk, R. Sambrotto, Two Crow (aka J. Schumacher), E. Sinclair, S. Smith and P. Sullivan for helpful comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. We thank Z.M. Benowitz-Fredericks, K.O. Coyle, J. Jahncke, N. Kachel, A. Kitaysky, C. Mordy, H. Renner, S. Salo, R. Sambrotto, N. Shiga, E. Sinclair, P. Sullivan, and A. Yamaguchi for providing access to published or unpublished figures and data. G. Hunt's field research was supported by NSF Grant OPP-0327308, and as well by OPP-09617287 and OPP-9819251. This paper is contribution #1 of the Bering Ecosystem Study (BEST) program. It is contribution EcoFOCI-N648 to NOAA's North Pacific Climate Regimes and Ecosystem Productivity research program, and contribution 3173 from NOAA's Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. NR 180 TC 63 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0967-0645 EI 1879-0100 J9 DEEP-SEA RES PT II JI Deep-Sea Res. Part II-Top. Stud. Oceanogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 16-17 BP 1919 EP 1944 DI 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.04.032 PG 26 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 363SR UT WOS:000260287500021 ER PT J AU Scherrer, SS Quinn, GD Quinn, JB AF Scherrer, Susanne S. Quinn, George D. Quinn, Janet B. TI Fractographic failure analysis of a Procera (R) AllCeram crown using stereo and scanning electron microscopy SO DENTAL MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE fractography; ceramic; failure analysis AB Objectives. Presentation of a methodological approach using stereo and scanning electron microscope examination for the failure analysis of an alumina all-ceramic premolar crown (Procera (R) AllCeram). Methods. The recovered part of a fractured Procera. alumina crown was examined utilizing first a stereomicroscope and second a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The stereomicroscope analysis was performed at low magnifications with oblique lighting in order to enhance spatial relationships and gross detection of crack features. A preliminary fracture surface map of the stereo observations was drawn and used as a guide for the SEM analysis that followed. Specific sites of interest identified under the stereo microscope were analyzed using the SEM at high magnifications searching for small fracture features such as wake hackle and twist hackle within the veneering ceramic in order to confirm the direction of crack propagation. Results. At low magnifications and oblique illumination, the stereomicroscope analysis provided an excellent overview of the fractured topography, showing sites of major interest such as a primary edge chip at a margin, a compression curl indicating the end of the fracture event as well as larger hackle lines distributed over the cracked surface. The greater magnifications with the SEM analysis of the sites of interest showed the presence of wake and twist hackle, indicators of the crack propagation direction. A general map of the fracture events could be reconstructed starting with a primary veneer edge chip at the mesial margin. Hackle and wake hackle of the crack front emanating from this margin arose from hoop stresses and propagated through the full crown thickness towards the distal end of the restoration where the compression curl was located. Additional occlusal surface damage in the form of veneer chipping containing arrest lines and twist hackle running in the opposite direction as the main crack path were observed, but occurred as a secondary event without penetrating the alumina core material. Significance. Stereo and scanning electron microscopy are complementary analysis techniques useful for the mapping and interpretation of the fracture surface. This case examination is intended to guide the clinical researcher in using qualitative (descriptive) fractography as a tool for understanding the failure process in brittle restorative materials, as well as for assessing possible design inadequacies. (c) 2008 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Scherrer, Susanne S.] Univ Geneva, Sch Dent Med, Dept Prosthodont Biomat, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. [Quinn, George D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Quinn, Janet B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Amer Dent Assoc Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scherrer, SS (reprint author), Univ Geneva, Sch Dent Med, Dept Prosthodont Biomat, 19 Barthelemy Menn, CH-1205 Geneva, Switzerland. EM susanne.scherrer@medecine.unige.ch FU NIDCR NIH HHS [R01 DE017983-01, DE-17983, R01 DE017983] NR 10 TC 55 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 11 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0109-5641 J9 DENT MATER JI Dent. Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 24 IS 8 BP 1107 EP 1113 DI 10.1016/j.dental.2008.01.002 PG 7 WC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Dentistry, Oral Surgery & Medicine; Materials Science GA 330YN UT WOS:000257978800014 PM 18314187 ER PT J AU Small, RJ deSzoeke, SP Xie, SP O'Neill, L Seo, H Song, Q Cornillon, P Spall, M Minobe, S AF Small, R. J. deSzoeke, S. P. Xie, S. P. O'Neill, L. Seo, H. Song, Q. Cornillon, P. Spall, M. Minobe, S. TI Air-sea interaction over ocean fronts and eddies SO DYNAMICS OF ATMOSPHERES AND OCEANS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT AGU Ocean Science Meeting CY FEB, 2006 CL Honolulu, HI SP ASLO, TOS, AGU DE air-sea interaction; oceanography; meteorology; fronts; eddies; boundary layers; Kuroshio; Gulf stream; Agulhas current ID ATMOSPHERIC BOUNDARY-LAYER; TROPICAL INSTABILITY WAVES; EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; SURFACE TEMPERATURE-GRADIENTS; MESOSCALE COASTAL PROCESSES; APERTURE RADAR IMAGERY; AGULHAS RETURN CURRENT; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; GULF-STREAM; WIND STRESS AB Air-sea interaction at ocean fronts and eddies exhibits positive correlation between sea surface temperature (SST), wind speed, and heat fluxes out of the ocean, indicating that the ocean is forcing the atmosphere. This contrasts with larger scale climate modes where the negative correlations suggest that the atmosphere is driving the system. This paper examines the physical processes that lie behind the interaction of sharp SST gradients and the overlying marine atmospheric boundary layer and deeper atmosphere, using high resolution satellite data, field data and numerical models. The importance of different physical mechanisms of atmospheric response to SST gradients, such as the effect of surface stability variations on momentum transfer, pressure gradients, secondary circulations and cloud cover will be assessed. The atmospheric response is known to create small-scale wind stress curl and divergence anomalies, and a discussion of the feedback of these features onto the ocean will also be presented. These processes will be compared and contrasted for different regions such as the Equatorial Front in the Eastern Pacific, and oceanic fronts in mid-latitudes such as the Gulf Stream, Kuroshio, and Agulhas Return Current. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Small, R. J.] USN, Res Lab, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [O'Neill, L.] USN, Res Lab, Marine Meteorol Div, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Minobe, S.] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido 0600810, Japan. [Spall, M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Song, Q.; Cornillon, P.] Univ Rhode Isl, Grad Sch Oceanog, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Seo, H.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Seo, H.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Div Climate Res, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [O'Neill, L.; Song, Q.] Oregon State Univ, Coll Ocean & Atmospher Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Xie, S. P.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Meteorol, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Small, R. J.; deSzoeke, S. P.; Xie, S. P.] Univ Hawaii, Int Pacific Res Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [deSzoeke, S. P.] NOAA, ESRL, PSD3, Boulder, CO 80304 USA. RP Small, RJ (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Code 7320,Bldg 1009, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM small.ctr.uk@nrlssc.navy.mil; Simon.deSzoeke@noaa.gov; xie@hawaii.edu; larry.oneill.ctr@nrlmry.navy.mil; hyodae@atmos.ucla.edu; qsong@coas.oregonstate.edu; pcornillon@gso.uri.edu; mspall@whoi.edu; minobe@mail.sci.hokudai.ac.jp RI Minobe, Shoshiro/E-2997-2010; Xie, Shang-Ping/C-1254-2009; OI Minobe, Shoshiro/0000-0002-9487-9006; Xie, Shang-Ping/0000-0002-3676-1325; Spall, Michael/0000-0003-1966-3122 NR 189 TC 211 Z9 223 U1 8 U2 66 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0377-0265 J9 DYNAM ATMOS OCEANS JI Dyn. Atmos. Oceans PD AUG PY 2008 VL 45 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 274 EP 319 DI 10.1016/j.dynatmoce.2008.01.001 PG 46 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 356QS UT WOS:000259793300010 ER PT J AU Ellner, SP Holmes, EE AF Ellner, Stephen P. Holmes, Elizabeth E. TI Commentary on Holmes et al. (2007): resolving the debate on when extinction risk is predictable SO ECOLOGY LETTERS LA English DT Editorial Material DE conservation biology; diffusion approximation; extinction; population forecasting; population viability analysis; PVA; risk; stochasticity ID PROBABILITY; MEANINGFUL AB We reconcile the findings of Holmes et al. (Ecology Letters, 10, 2007, 1182) that 95% confidence intervals for quasi-extinction risk were narrow for many vertebrates of conservation concern, with previous theory predicting wide confidence intervals. We extend previous theory, concerning the precision of quasi-extinction estimates as a function of population dynamic parameters, prediction intervals and quasi-extinction thresholds, and provide an approximation that specifies the prediction interval and threshold combinations where quasi-extinction estimates are precise (vs. imprecise). This allows PVA practitioners to define the prediction interval and threshold regions of safety (low risk with high confidence), danger (high risk with high confidence), and uncertainty. C1 [Ellner, Stephen P.] Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Holmes, Elizabeth E.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Ellner, SP (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM spe2@cornell.edu NR 6 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 16 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1461-023X J9 ECOL LETT JI Ecol. Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 11 IS 8 BP E1 EP E5 DI 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01211.x PG 5 WC Ecology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 326JS UT WOS:000257655400001 PM 18638300 ER PT J AU Danger, G Ross, D AF Danger, Gregoire Ross, David TI Development of a temperature gradient focusing method for in situ extraterrestrial biomarker analysis SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE biomarkers; chiral separation; fluorescent-labeled amino acids; scanning temperature gradient focusing; space mission ID ELECTRIC-FIELD GRADIENT; AMINO-ACID-ANALYSIS; CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; CHIRAL SEPARATIONS; MICROCHIP ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEIN SEPARATION; MARS; DEVICES; MICROFLUIDICS; BIOMOLECULES AB Scanning temperature gradient focusing (TGF) is a recently described technique for the simultaneous concentration and separation of charged analytes. It allows for high analyte peak capacities and low LODs in microcolumn electrophoretic separations. in this paper, we present the application of scanning TGF for chiral separations of amino acids. Using a mixture of seven carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester-labeled amino acids (including five chiral amino acids) which constitute the Mars7 standard, we show that scanning TGF is a very simple and efficient method for chiral separations. The modulation of TGF separation parameters (temperature window, pressure scan rate, temperature range, and chiral selector concentration) allows optimization of peak efficiencies and analyte resolutions. The use of hydroxypropyl-beta-CD at low concentration (1-5 mmol/L) as a chiral selector, with an appropriate pressure scan rate ( -0.25 Pa/s) and with a low temperature range (3-25 degrees C over 1 cm) provided high resolution between enantiomers (R-s >1.5 for each pair of enantiomers) using a short, 4 cm long capillary. With these new results, the scanning TGF method appears to be a viable method for in situ trace biomarker analysis for future missions to Mars or other solar system bodies. C1 [Danger, Gregoire; Ross, David] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.ross@nist.gov RI Danger, Gregoire/F-1425-2010 FU NASA Astrobiology Science and Technology Instrument Development (ASTID) [NNH06AE121] FX This research was supported by the NASA Astrobiology Science and Technology Instrument Development (ASTID) program grant number NNH06AE121.; The authors have declared no conflict of interest. NR 44 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 3 U2 12 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD AUG PY 2008 VL 29 IS 15 BP 3107 EP 3114 DI 10.1002/elps.200700778 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 340EP UT WOS:000258629200002 PM 18654978 ER PT J AU Munson, MS Meacham, JM Ross, D Locascio, LE AF Munson, Matthew S. Meacham, J. Mark Ross, David Locascio, Laurie E. TI Development of aptamer-based affinity assays using temperature gradient focusing: Minimization of the limit of detection SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE aptamer; capillary electrophoresis; human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase; temperature gradient focusing ID NONEQUILIBRIUM CAPILLARY-ELECTROPHORESIS; IN-VITRO SELECTION; FREE DRUG FRACTIONS; EQUILIBRIUM MIXTURES; REVERSE-TRANSCRIPTASE; SURFACE MODIFICATION; BINDING CONSTANTS; DNA LIGANDS; PROTEIN; DIAGNOSTICS AB A method is described for an aptamer-based affinity assay using a combination of two nonconventional techniques, temperature gradient focusing (TGF) and field-amplified continuous sample injection TGF (FACSI-TGF), with fluorescence detection. Iquman immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (HIVRT) is used as the protein target for the assay. The TGF and FACSI-TGF assays are compared to similar results obtained with conventional CE. A range of starting aptamer concentrations are used to determine the optimal LOD for human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase (HIVRT) using each approach. The results indicate that the LODs for HIVRT obtained with TGF and FACSITGF are comparable to or even lower than the LODs obtained with conventional CE in spite of the inferior detector used for the TGF and FACSI-TGF assays (arc lamp and low-cost CCD for TGF versus LIF with PMT for CE). It is hypothesized that this is due to the greater reproducibility of the TGF and FACSI-TGF techniques since they do not employ a defined sample injection. The lowest LOD achieved with the new aptamer assay approach is more than an order of magnitude lower than that reported for a similar CE-based aptamer assay C1 [Munson, Matthew S.; Meacham, J. Mark; Ross, David; Locascio, Laurie E.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Munson, MS (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8313, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM matt.munson@nist.gov FU NRC FX This work was supported by an NRC postdoctoral fellowship Meacham). We thank Michael T Bowser for providing us with the sequencefor the HIVR Taptamer before its publication. NR 41 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 4 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD AUG PY 2008 VL 29 IS 16 BP 3456 EP 3465 DI 10.1002/elps.200800210 PG 10 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 343MC UT WOS:000258856900022 PM 18646283 ER PT J AU Napelenok, SL Cohan, DS Odman, MT Tonse, S AF Napelenok, S. L. Cohan, D. S. Odman, M. T. Tonse, S. TI Extension and evaluation of sensitivity analysis capabilities in a photochemical model SO ENVIRONMENTAL MODELLING & SOFTWARE LA English DT Article DE sensitivity analysis; decoupled direct method; CMAQ-DDM-3D; regional atmospheric modeling AB The decoupled direct method in three dimensions (DDM-3D) provides an efficient and accurate approach for probing the sensitivity of atmospheric pollutant concentrations to various changes in photochemical model inputs. The implementation of DDM-3D for the widely used Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model was updated to account for recent changes in the base model and to include additional chemical mechanisms and advection schemes. The capabilities of CMAQ-DDM-3D were extended to enable execution using multiple processors in parallel and the computation of sensitivities to chemical reaction rate constants. The resulting direct sensitivity modeling system was tested for statistical agreement with the traditional difference method for calculating sensitivities, considering a summer episode in a domain covering the continental United States. Sensitivities to domain-wide and sector specific emissions, initial/boundary conditions, and chemical reaction rates were compared and found to be in good correlation for both primary and secondary air pollutants. The scalability of CMAQ-DDM-3D to the number of processors used in parallel was also examined. Sensitivity calculations were found to scale in a similar way to the base model, where the benefit to model runtime of adding more processors diminished for simulations that used more than eight processors. (c) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Napelenok, S. L.] US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. [Cohan, D. S.] Rice Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Odman, M. T.] Georgia Inst Technol, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Tonse, S.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. RP Napelenok, SL (reprint author), US EPA, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr,Mail Drop E243-01, Res Triangle Pk, NC 27711 USA. EM napelenok.sergey@epa.gov RI Cohan, Daniel/E-6595-2010; Odman, Mehmet/L-6218-2013; Napelenok, Sergey/I-7986-2014 OI Cohan, Daniel/0000-0003-0415-7980; Odman, Mehmet/0000-0002-3947-7047; Napelenok, Sergey/0000-0002-7038-7445 NR 14 TC 29 Z9 32 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1364-8152 J9 ENVIRON MODELL SOFTW JI Environ. Modell. Softw. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 994 EP 999 DI 10.1016/j.envsoft.2007.11.004 PG 6 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Computer Science; Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 299QO UT WOS:000255770300004 ER PT J AU Parsons, GR Thur, SM AF Parsons, George R. Thur, Steven M. TI Valuing changes in the quality of coral reef ecosystems: A stated preference study of SCUBA diving in the Bonaire National Marine Park SO ENVIRONMENTAL & RESOURCE ECONOMICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 3rd World Congress of the Environmental and Resource Economists CY JUL, 2006 CL Kyoto, JAPAN DE coral reef; marine protected area; non-market valuation AB We estimated the economic value of changes in the quality of a coral reef ecosystem to SCUBA divers in the Caribbean using a stated preference mail survey. Our sampling frame was all divers with U.S. home addresses who purchased a tag required for diving in the Bonaire National Marine Park in 2001. Divers were asked how they might have altered their trip choice had the quality of the coral reef system been different from what they experienced. From these responses we inferred the value of three different levels of quality defined by visibility, species diversity, and percent coral cover. We used random utility theory and mixed logit to analyze the choice questions. Our sample size was 211, and our survey response rate was 75%. For modest changes in quality we estimated per person annual losses at $45. For larger losses the value was $192. C1 [Parsons, George R.] Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Thur, Steven M.] Natl Ocean & Athmospher Adm, Off Ocean & Coastal Resource Management, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Parsons, GR (reprint author), Univ Delaware, Grad Coll Marine & Earth Studies, Newark, DE 19716 USA. EM gparsons@udel.edu; steven.thur@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 29 Z9 30 U1 4 U2 23 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0924-6460 J9 ENVIRON RESOUR ECON JI Environ. Resour. Econ. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 40 IS 4 BP 593 EP 608 DI 10.1007/s10640-007-9171-y PG 16 WC Economics; Environmental Studies SC Business & Economics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 321TA UT WOS:000257328200007 ER PT J AU Paciorek, CJ Liu, Y Moreno-Macias, H Kondragunta, S AF Paciorek, Christopher J. Liu, Yang Moreno-Macias, Hortensia Kondragunta, Shobha TI Spatiotemporal associations between GOES aerosol optical depth retrievals and ground-level PM(2.5) SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PARTICULATE AIR-POLLUTION; LONG-TERM EXPOSURE; THICKNESS; SATELLITE; MORTALITY; QUALITY; CITIES; MODIS AB We analyze the strength of association between aerosol optical depth (AOD) retrievals from the GOES aerosol/smoke product (GASP) and ground-level fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)) to assess AOD as a proxy for PM(2.5) in the United States. GASP AOD is retrieved from a geostationary platform, giving half-hourly observations every day, in contrast to once per day snapshots from polar-orbiting satellites. However, GASP AOD is based on a less-sophisticated instrument and retrieval algorithm. We find that daily correlations between GASP AOD and PM(2.5) over time at fixed locations are reasonably high, except in the winter and in the western U.S. Correlations over space at fixed times are lower. Simple averaging to the month and year actually reduces correlations over space, but statistical calibration allows averaging over time that produces moderately strong correlations. These results and the data density of GASP AOD highlight its potential to help improve exposure estimates for epidemiological analyses. On average 39% of days in a month have a GASP AOD retrieval compared to 11% for MODIS and 5% for MISR. Furthermore, GASP AOD has been retrieved since November 1994, providing a long-term record that predates the availability of Most PM(2.5) monitoring data and other satellite instruments. C1 [Paciorek, Christopher J.] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Liu, Yang; Moreno-Macias, Hortensia] Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Environm Hlth, Boston, MA 02115 USA. [Kondragunta, Shobha] NOAA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Paciorek, CJ (reprint author), Harvard Univ, Sch Publ Hlth, Dept Biostat, Boston, MA 02115 USA. EM paciorek@alumni.cmu.edu RI Kondragunta, Shobha/F-5601-2010; Wang, Linden/M-6617-2014 OI Kondragunta, Shobha/0000-0001-8593-8046; NR 20 TC 60 Z9 65 U1 1 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 15 BP 5800 EP 5806 DI 10.1021/es703181j PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 332HW UT WOS:000258075100067 PM 18754512 ER PT J AU Dyble, J Fahnenstiel, GL Litaker, RW Millie, DF Tester, PA AF Dyble, Julianne Fahnenstiel, Gary L. Litaker, R. Wayne Millie, David F. Tester, Patricia A. TI Microcystin concentrations and genetic diversity of Microcystis in the lower Great Lakes SO ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY LA English DT Article DE cyanobacteria; Great Lakes; Lake Erie; mcyB; microcystin; Microcystis; Saginaw Bay ID WATER-TREATMENT PROCESSES; CYANOBACTERIAL TOXINS; HEPATOTOXIN MICROCYSTIN; CELL-DIVISION; AERUGINOSA; PEPTIDE; BIOSYNTHESIS; REMOVAL; BLOOM; ERIE AB The resurgence of Microcystis blooms in the lower Great Lakes region is of great concern to public and ecosystem health due to the potential for these colonial cyanobacteria to produce hepatotoxic microcystins. A survey of Microcystis cell densities and microcystin concentrations during August 2004 showed particularly high concentrations of both cells and toxin in the nearshore regions of Saginaw Bay (Lake Huron) and western Lake Erie, often exceeding the World Health Organization's recommended drinking water limit of 1 mu g L-1. The dominant congener of microcystin in both basins was microcystin-LR (MC-LR), whereas the second most abundant congeners, accounting for up to 20-25% of the total microcystin concentrations, were MC-LA in Saginaw Bay and MC-RR in western Lake Erie. Multiplex PCR assays of Microcystis colonies isolated from these two regions showed that a much greater percentage of the Microcystis colonies from Saginaw Bay carried the mcyB gene necessary for microcystin production, in comparison with those from western Lake Erie. The mcyB genotypes sequenced separated into two distinct phylogenetic clusters, with Microcystis originating from Lake Erie predominantly in one branch and from Saginaw Bay present in both branches. These results indicate that the genetic composition of the bloom could impact the concentrations and congeners of microcystin produced and that the cell count methods currently being used to gauge public health threats posed by Microcystis blooms may not sufficiently assess actual bloom toxicity. (C) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Dyble, Julianne] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] NOAA, GLERL Lake Michigan Field Stat, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. [Litaker, R. Wayne; Tester, Patricia A.] NOAA, Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Millie, David F.] Univ S Florida, Florida Inst Oceanog, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Dyble, J (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM juli.dyble@noaa.gov NR 42 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 3 U2 41 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1520-4081 J9 ENVIRON TOXICOL JI Environ. Toxicol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 507 EP 516 DI 10.1002/tox.20370 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Toxicology; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Toxicology; Water Resources GA 327JS UT WOS:000257726000012 PM 18247416 ER PT J AU Linteris, GT Rafferty, IP AF Linteris, G. T. Rafferty, I. P. TI Flame size, heat release, and smoke points in materials flammability SO FIRE SAFETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE material flammability; heat release rate; flame size; cone calorimeter ID LAMINAR DIFFUSION FLAMES; BUOYANT; PREDICTION AB The concept of using the flame size as a surrogate for heat release rate (HRR) has been explored. A technique for simultaneously obtaining the HRR, flame size (height and area), and the smoke point of the flame solely from visual images has been developed. The technique has been demonstrated on gaseous flames (methane, propane, ethylene, and propylene) and explored for five burning solid polymers. Estimations of the flame area from images of the stoichiometric contour based on the CH chemiluminescent region of the flames yielded a good linear correlation with measured HRR, valid for all of the gaseous and solid compounds tested, for burning rates above or below the smoke point. In contrast, flame heights and luminous images (i.e., from soot emission) were confounded by differing behavior above and below the smoke point. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Linteris, G. T.; Rafferty, I. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Linteris, GT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Fire Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM linteris@nist.gov NR 35 TC 12 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0379-7112 J9 FIRE SAFETY J JI Fire Saf. J. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 43 IS 6 BP 442 EP 450 DI 10.1016/j.firesaf.2007.11.006 PG 9 WC Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 331YA UT WOS:000258047300005 ER PT J AU Stoner, AW Kaimmer, SM AF Stoner, Allan W. Kaimmer, Stephen M. TI Reducing elasmobranch bycatch: Laboratory investigation of rare earth metal and magnetic deterrents with spiny dogfish and Pacific halibut SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE shark; spiny dogfish; Squalus acanthius; bycatch; longline; Pacific halibut; Hippoglossus stenolepis; deterrent ID STOCK ASSESSMENT; GEOMAGNETIC-FIELD; SHARKS; FISH; BEHAVIOR; TEMPERATURE; DENSITY; OCEAN; GEAR AB Spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthius) comprises a significant unwanted bycatch on demersal longlines set for halibut and cod in shelf waters of the east and west coasts of North America. In this laboratory study, attacks on baits were tested in the presence of two different rare earth materials (neodymium-iron-boride magnets and cerium mischmetal) believed to deter elasmobranch catch. Experiments were made with spiny dogfish and with Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in pairwise tests of the rare earth materials and inert metal controls. Dogfish attacked and consumed baits tested with cerium mischmetal at a lower frequency than controls. Times to attack the baits were significantly higher in the presence of mischmetal, as were numbers of approaches before first attack. The time differential between mischmetal and control treatments and the number of baits consumed converged with increasing food deprivation (1 h, 2 d, and 4 d), but treatment differences were always significant. Cerium mischmetal appeared to be irritating to dogfish and may disrupt their bait detection and orientation abilities. Magnets also appeared to irritate dogfish but provided no protection for baits in feeding trials. Pacific halibut showed no reaction whatsoever to the rare earth magnets or cerium mischmetal. Mischmetal, therefore, may be useful in reducing spiny dogfish bycatch in the halibut fishery. Disadvantages in using mischmetal in commercial operations are expense, hazardous nature, and relatively rapid hydrolysis in seawater. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Stoner, Allan W.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Kaimmer, Stephen M.] Int Pacific Halibut Commiss, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Stoner, AW (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Behav Ecol Program, 2030 S Marine Sci Dr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM al.stoner@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 34 Z9 35 U1 2 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2-3 BP 162 EP 168 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.01.004 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 331NC UT WOS:000258017900004 ER PT J AU Cailloulet, CW Hart, RA Nance, JM AF Cailloulet, C. W., Jr. Hart, R. A. Nance, J. M. TI Growth overfishing in the brown shrimp fishery of Texas, Louisiana, and adjoining Gulf of Mexico EEZ SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE brown shrimp fishery; growth overfishing; Gulf of Mexico; Texas; Louisiana; Exclusive Economic Zone ID EX-VESSEL VALUE; REPORTED ANNUAL CATCHES; SOUTH-ATLANTIC COASTS; SIZE COMPOSITION; WHITE SHRIMP; ANNUAL LANDINGS; AUGUST CATCHES; TRENDS; STATES; PINK AB Growth overfishing in the brown shrimp, Farfantepenaeus aztecus, fishery in inshore (estuarine) and offshore (Gulf of Mexico) territorial waters of Texas and Louisiana, and adjoining waters of the United States' (U.S.) Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), and its potentially detrimental economic consequences to the harvesting sector, have not been among major concerns of Federal and State shrimp management agencies. Three possible reasons include (1) environmentally influenced variations in recruitment that cause wide fluctuations in annual landings, which tend to obscure effects of fishing, (2) competition between inshore and offshore components of the harvesting sector, and (3) partitioning of management jurisdiction among a Federal council and two State agencies. Wide variations in landings led to beliefs that high levels of fishing mortality were tolerable and recruitment overfishing was of no major concern. This encouraged somewhat laissez-faire management approaches that allowed fishing effort to increase over the years. Our objectives were to determine whether growth overfishing occurred in this fishery during 1960-2006, and whether and how decreases in size of shrimp within the landings, in response to increases in fishing effort, affected inflation-adjusted annual (calendar year) ex-vessel value of the landings, i.e., their value to the harvesting sector. Growth overfishing occurred in the early 1990s, and then abated as fishing effort declined due to rising fuel costs and competition from imported shrimp. However, inflation-adjusted annual ex-vessel value of the landings peaked in 1985, prior to growth overfishing. Management actions implemented in 2001 for Texas' territorial waters, and in the EEZ off Texas and Louisiana in 2006, should limit future fleet expansion and increases in fishing effort, thereby reducing the chances of growth overfishing and its potentially detrimental economic impacts on the harvesting sector. Growth overfishing should be included among the guidelines for future management of this brown shrimp fishery. Published by Elsevier B. V. C1 [Hart, R. A.; Nance, J. M.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston Lab, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. RP Hart, RA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Galveston Lab, 4700 Ave U, Galveston, TX 77551 USA. EM rick.hart@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 25 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 92 IS 2-3 BP 289 EP 302 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.01.009 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 331NC UT WOS:000258017900016 ER PT J AU Santana, J Sharpless, KE Nelson, BC AF Santana, Jose Sharpless, Katherine E. Nelson, Bryant C. TI Determination of para-synephrine and meta-synephrine positional isomers in bitter orange-containing dietary supplements by LC/UV and LC/MS/MS SO FOOD CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE bitter orange-containing dietary supplements; liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry; meta-synephrine; para-synephrine; quantitation ID STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS; PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; CITRUS-AURANTIUM; EPHEDRINE ALKALOIDS; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; MASS-SPECTROMETRY; ADRENERGIC AMINES; WEIGHT-LOSS; OCTOPAMINE; ULTRAVIOLET AB Dietary supplements that contain bitter orange (Citrits aurantium) fruit as an integrated component have rapidly replaced ephedra-containing dietary supplements for use as weight loss products. However, the safety of bitter orange-containing supplements has been questioned because synephrine, an adrenergic alkaloid and a key component of bitter orange fruit, has potential adverse health effects. Conflicting reports have stated that synephrine exists as the para (P) and/or meta (m) positional isomers in some bitter orange-containing supplements and this is problematic because the p- and m-isomers have distinctly different pharmacological and metabolic activities. Two liquid chromatographic (LC) methods have been developed for the baseline separation and quantitation of p- and m-synephrine in bitter orange-containing supplements. An isocratic LC method that utilizes ultraviolet (UV) absorbance detection and a gradient LC method that utilizes tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) detection were optimized for separation of the isomers within a run time of 25 min. Terbutaline was utilized as an internal standard compound in both LC methods. The LC/UV and LC/MS/MS methods demonstrated limits of quantitation (LOQs) for synephrine of approximate to 30 ng (on-column) and approximate to 0.02 ng (on-column), respectively, and each method exhibited analytical linearity over three orders of magnitude. Both LC methods were used to evaluate the synephrine levels in a limited selection of commercially available bitter orange-containing supplements. Significantly, m-synephrine was not detected in any of the tested dietary supplements. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Sharpless, Katherine E.; Nelson, Bryant C.] NIST, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Santana, Jose] Univ Connecticut, Dept Chem, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. RP Nelson, BC (reprint author), NIST, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8392, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM bryant.nelson@nist.gov OI Sharpless, Katherine/0000-0001-6569-198X NR 30 TC 17 Z9 19 U1 4 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0308-8146 J9 FOOD CHEM JI Food Chem. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 109 IS 3 BP 675 EP 682 DI 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.12.076 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Applied; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Chemistry; Food Science & Technology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 293HZ UT WOS:000255327700026 ER PT J AU Butry, D Donovan, G AF Butry, David Donovan, Geoffrey TI Protect thy neighbor: Investigating the spatial externalities of community wildfire hazard mitigation SO FOREST SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE risk; wildland-urban interface; firewise; fire economics ID WILDLAND-URBAN INTERFACE; CELLULAR-AUTOMATON MODEL; HERD-IMMUNITY; SIMULATING FIRE; RISK; VACCINATION; DECISIONS; REDUCTION; PATTERNS; PROGRAMS AB Climate change, increased wildland fuels, and residential development patterns in fire-prone areas all combine to make wildfire risk mitigation an important public policy issue. One approach to wildfire risk mitigation is to encourage homeowners to use fire-resistant building materials and to create defensible spaces around their homes. We develop a theoretical model of interdependent household wildfire risk and mathematically introduce two new concepts of the benefits accruing from hazard mitigation: direct and spillover (indirect) damage averted. We explore how firewise communities can best spend and position mitigation resources to maximize the sum of direct and spillover damage averted. Simulating wildfire behavior within a fire-prone community, our results indicate that homeowners' wildfire risk reduction actions can have significant, positive spillover effects on the wildfire risk of neighboring houses. In such cases, individual homeowners may engage in inefficient levels of wildfire risk mitigation when viewed from the community perspective. We use a simulation approach to demonstrate that wildfire risk reduction is most effective when concentrated in houses at the interface of communities and wildlands. C1 [Butry, David] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Donovan, Geoffrey] US Forest Serv, Portland Forestry Sci Lab, Portland, OR 97205 USA. RP Butry, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Off Appl Econ, 100 Bureau Dr,Mailstop 8603, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.butry@nist.gov; gdonovan@fs.fed.us NR 38 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 8 PU SOC AMER FORESTERS PI BETHESDA PA 5400 GROSVENOR LANE, BETHESDA, MD 20814 USA SN 0015-749X J9 FOREST SCI JI For. Sci. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 54 IS 4 BP 417 EP 428 PG 12 WC Forestry SC Forestry GA 335HS UT WOS:000258282000004 ER PT J AU Poppe, LJ McMullen, KY Williams, SJ Crocker, JM Doran, EF AF Poppe, L. J. McMullen, K. Y. Williams, S. J. Crocker, J. M. Doran, E. F. TI Estuarine sediment transport by gravity-driven movement of the nepheloid layer, Long Island Sound SO GEO-MARINE LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TURBIDITY CURRENTS; SURFICIAL SEDIMENT AB Interpretation of sidescan-sonar imagery provides evidence that down-slope gravity-driven movement of the nepheloid layer constitutes an important mode of transporting sediment into the basins of north-central Long Island Sound, a major US East Coast estuary. In the Western Basin, this transport mechanism has formed dendritic drainage systems characterized by branching patterns of low backscatter on the seafloor that exceed 7.4 km in length and progressively widen down-slope, reaching widths of over 0.6 km at their southern distal ends. Although much smaller, dendritic patterns of similar morphology are also present in the northwestern part of the Central Basin. Because many contaminants display affinities for adsorption onto fine-grained sediments, and because the Sound is affected by seasonal hypoxia, mechanisms and dispersal pathways by which inorganic and organic sediments are remobilized and transported impact the eventual fate of the contaminants and environmental health of the estuary. C1 [Poppe, L. J.; McMullen, K. Y.; Williams, S. J.] US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Crocker, J. M.] NOAA, Atlantic Hydrog Branch, Norfolk, VA 23510 USA. [Doran, E. F.] CT DEP, Long Isl Sound Resource Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. RP Poppe, LJ (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Coastal & Marine Geol Program, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM lpoppe@usgs.gov FU Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the US Geological Survey; Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection; Atlantic Hydrographic Branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX We would like to thank the officers and crews of the NOAA ship Rude and the US Merchant Marine Academy's RV Storm, without whose concentrated team effort completion of this project would not have been possible, and Don Rhoads for his helpful discussions. This work, which is part of a long-standing cooperative program to map the geology and better understand the sedimentary processes that have shaped and maintained Long Island Sound, was supported by the Coastal and Marine Geology Program of the US Geological Survey, the Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection, and the Atlantic Hydrographic Branch of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. This manuscript has benefited from critical reviews by Walter Barnhardt, Ben Gutierrez, and Jim Robb (all USGS). NR 35 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0276-0460 J9 GEO-MAR LETT JI Geo-Mar. Lett. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 4 BP 245 EP 254 DI 10.1007/s00367-008-0118-2 PG 10 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Oceanography SC Geology; Oceanography GA 339RU UT WOS:000258595800006 ER PT J AU Mann, JL Shuman, CA Kelly, WR Kreutz, KJ AF Mann, Jacqueline L. Shuman, Christopher A. Kelly, W. Robert Kreutz, Karl J. TI Seasonal delta S-34 variations in two high elevation snow pits measured by S-33-S-36 double spike thermal ionization mass spectrometry SO GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA LA English DT Article ID GREENLAND ICE-SHEET; BIOGENIC SULFUR AEROSOL; COMMUNITY CLIMATE MODEL; CENTRAL TIEN-SHAN; ATMOSPHERIC SULFUR; ISOTOPIC COMPOSITION; CENTRAL-ASIA; NITRATE CONCENTRATIONS; ANTHROPOGENIC SULFATE; CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION AB delta S-34 and sulfate concentrations were determined in snow pit samples using a thermal ionization mass spectrometric technique capable of 0.2 parts per thousand. accuracy and requires approximate to 5 mu g (0.16 mu mol) natural S. The technique utilizes a S-33-S-36 double spike for instrumental mass fractionation correction, and has been applied to snow pit samples collected from the Inilchek Glacier, Kyrgyzstan and from Summit, Greenland. These delta S-34 determinations provide the first high-resolution seasonal data for these sites, and are used to estimate seasonal sulfate sources. Deuterium (delta D) and oxygen (delta O-18) isotope data show that the Inilchek and Summit snow pit samples represent precipitation over approximate to 20 months. The delta S-34 values for the Inilchek ranged from +2.6 +/- 0.4 parts per thousand to +7.6 +/- 0.4 parts per thousand on sample sizes ranging from 0.3 to 1.8 mu mol S. delta S-34 values for Greenland ranged from +3.6 +/- 0.7 parts per thousand to +13.3 +/- 5 parts per thousand for sample sizes ranging from 0.05 to 0.29 mu mol S. The SO42- concentration ranged from 92.6 +/- 0.4 to 1049 +/- 4 ng/g for the Inilchek and 18 +/- 9 to 93 +/- 6 ng/g for the Greenland snow pit. Anthropogenic sulfate dominates throughout the sampled time interval for both sites based on mass balance considerations. Additionally, both sites exhibit a seasonal signature in both delta S-34 and SO42- concentration. The thermal ionization mass spectrometric technique has three advantages compared to gas source isotopic methods: (1) sample size requirements of this technique are 10-fold less permitting access to the higher resolution S isotope record of low concentration snow and ice, (2) the double spike technique permits delta S-14 and S concentration to be determined simultaneously, and (3) the double spike is an internal standard. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Mann, Jacqueline L.; Kelly, W. Robert] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Inorgan Chem Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mann, Jacqueline L.] Univ Maryland, Dept Geol, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Shuman, Christopher A.] Univ Maryland, NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Goddard Earth Sci & Technol Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kreutz, Karl J.] Univ Maine, Climate Change Inst, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Kreutz, Karl J.] Univ Maine, Dept Earth Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. RP Mann, JL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Inorgan Chem Metrol Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8391, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jmann@nist.gov NR 90 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0016-7037 J9 GEOCHIM COSMOCHIM AC JI Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 72 IS 15 BP 3907 EP 3927 DI 10.1016/j.gca.2008.05.036 PG 21 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 332NG UT WOS:000258089100020 ER PT J AU Mo, KC Schemm, JE AF Mo, Kingtse C. Schemm, Jae E. TI Relationships between ENSO and drought over the southeastern United States SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAND-SURFACE; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS AB [1] A long term precipitation ( P) data set over the United States and the sea surface temperature ( SST) data from 1915 to 2006 were used to examine the impact of El Nino Southern Oscillation ( ENSO) on drought and persistent wet spells over the southeastern United States. The meteorological droughts and wet spells were identified based on the 6- month standardized precipitation index ( SPI 6) calculated from P averaged over the Southeast. These events indicate that a drought ( or wet spell) over the Southeast is more likely to start during a cold ( warm) ENSO winter or early spring. The influence of ENSO on P is seasonally dependent. The P composites for cold ENSO events show positive P anomalies over the Southeast in winter but negative anomalies in summer. For warm ENSO events, the situation reverses. Therefore, a persistent cold ( warm) ENSO from winter to summer does not create favorable conditions for drought ( wet spells) to persist over the Southeast. While cold ENSO events are more likely to initiate droughts, droughts are likely to persist if the cold ( warm) ENSO winter is followed by an ENSO neutral summer. C1 [Mo, Kingtse C.; Schemm, Jae E.] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NSW, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Mo, KC (reprint author), NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, NCEP, NSW, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM kingste.mo@noaa.gov NR 15 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 15 AR L15701 DI 10.1029/2008GL034656 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 333JW UT WOS:000258149800005 ER PT J AU Law, RM Peters, W Rodenbeck, C Aulagnier, C Baker, I Bergmann, DJ Bousquet, P Brandt, J Bruhwiler, L Cameron-Smith, PJ Christensen, JH Delage, F Denning, AS Fan, S Geels, C Houweling, S Imasu, R Karstens, U Kawa, SR Kleist, J Krol, MC Lin, SJ Lokupitiya, R Maki, T Maksyutov, S Niwa, Y Onishi, R Parazoo, N Patra, PK Pieterse, G Rivier, L Satoh, M Serrar, S Taguchi, S Takigawa, M Vautard, R Vermeulen, AT Zhu, Z AF Law, R. M. Peters, W. Roedenbeck, C. Aulagnier, C. Baker, I. Bergmann, D. J. Bousquet, P. Brandt, J. Bruhwiler, L. Cameron-Smith, P. J. Christensen, J. H. Delage, F. Denning, A. S. Fan, S. Geels, C. Houweling, S. Imasu, R. Karstens, U. Kawa, S. R. Kleist, J. Krol, M. C. Lin, S. -J. Lokupitiya, R. Maki, T. Maksyutov, S. Niwa, Y. Onishi, R. Parazoo, N. Patra, P. K. Pieterse, G. Rivier, L. Satoh, M. Serrar, S. Taguchi, S. Takigawa, M. Vautard, R. Vermeulen, A. T. Zhu, Z. TI TransCom model simulations of hourly atmospheric CO2: Experimental overview and diurnal cycle results for 2002 SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID CARBON-DIOXIDE; TRANSPORT; EUROPE; VARIABILITY; INVERSIONS; TRENDS; IMPACT; RECORD; FLUXES; FOREST AB [1] A forward atmospheric transport modeling experiment has been coordinated by the TransCom group to investigate synoptic and diurnal variations in CO2. Model simulations were run for biospheric, fossil, and air-sea exchange of CO2 and for SF6 and radon for 2000-2003. Twenty-five models or model variants participated in the comparison. Hourly concentration time series were submitted for 280 sites along with vertical profiles, fluxes, and meteorological variables at 100 sites. The submitted results have been analyzed for diurnal variations and are compared with observed CO2 in 2002. Mean summer diurnal cycles vary widely in amplitude across models. The choice of sampling location and model level account for part of the spread suggesting that representation errors in these types of models are potentially large. Despite the model spread, most models simulate the relative variation in diurnal amplitude between sites reasonably well. The modeled diurnal amplitude only shows a weak relationship with vertical resolution across models; differences in near-surface transport simulation appear to play a major role. Examples are also presented where there is evidence that the models show useful skill in simulating seasonal and synoptic changes in diurnal amplitude. C1 [Law, R. M.] CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. [Peters, W.; Bruhwiler, L.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Peters, W.] Univ Wageningen & Res Ctr, Dept Meteorol & Air Qual, NL-6708 PB Wageningen, Netherlands. [Roedenbeck, C.; Karstens, U.] Max Planck Inst Biogeochem, D-07701 Jena, Germany. [Aulagnier, C.; Bousquet, P.; Delage, F.; Rivier, L.; Vautard, R.] CEA Saclay CNRS UVSQ, LSCE IPSL, F-91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France. [Baker, I.; Denning, A. S.; Lokupitiya, R.; Parazoo, N.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Bergmann, D. J.; Cameron-Smith, P. J.] Lawrence Livermore Natl Lab, Livermore, CA 94550 USA. [Brandt, J.; Christensen, J. H.; Geels, C.] Aarhus Univ, Natl Environm Res Inst, Dept Atmospher Environm, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Fan, S.; Lin, S. -J.] NOAA Geophys Fluide Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Houweling, S.; Pieterse, G.] SRON, Netherland Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Imasu, R.; Niwa, Y.; Satoh, M.] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Kashiwa, Chiba 2778568, Japan. [Kawa, S. R.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD USA. [Kleist, J.] Privacy Networks, Ft Collins, CO 80521 USA. [Krol, M. C.] SRON, IMAU, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Maki, T.] Japan Meteorol Agcy, Div Atmospher Environm, Tokyo 1008122, Japan. [Maksyutov, S.] Natl Inst Environm Studies, Ctr Global Environm Res, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058506, Japan. [Patra, P. K.; Takigawa, M.] Frontier Res Ctr Global Change JAMSTEC, Kanazawa Ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Onishi, R.] JAMSTEC, Earth Simulator Ctr, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360001, Japan. [Vermeulen, A. T.] Energy Res Ctr Netherlands ECN, NL-1755 ZG Petten, Netherlands. [Serrar, S.] ECMWF, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Taguchi, S.] Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, AIST W, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058569, Japan. [Zhu, Z.] Sci Syst & Applicat Inc, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RP Law, RM (reprint author), CSIRO Marine & Atmospher Res, PMB 1, Aspendale, Vic 3195, Australia. EM rachel.law@csiro.au; wouter.peters@wur.nl; christian.roedenbeck@bgc-jena.mpg.de; celine.aulagnier@lsce.ipsl.fr; baker@atmos.colostate.edu; dbergmann@llnl.gov; philippe.bousquet@lsce.ipsl.fr; jbr@dmu.dk; lori.bruhwiler@noaa.gov; pjc@llnl.gov; jc@dmu.dk; francois.delage@cea.fr; denning@atmos.colostate.edu; songmiao.fan@noaa.gov; cag@dmu.dk; s.houweling@phys.uu.nl; imasu@ccsr.u-tokyo.ac.jp; ute.karstens@zmaw.de; stephan.r.kawa@nasa.gov; johnk@privacynetwork.com; m.c.krol@phys.uu.nl; shian-jiann.lin@noaa.gov; ravi@atmos.colostate.edu; maki@met.kishou.go.jp; shamil@nies.go.jp; yniwa@ccsr.u-tokyo.ac.jp; onishi.ryo@jamstec.go.jp; nparazoo@atmos.colostate.edu; prabir@jamstec.go.jp; gerben.pieterse@tno.nl; leonard.rivier@lsce.ipsl.fr; satoh@ccsr.u-tokyo.ac.jp; soumia.serrar@ecmwf.int; s.taguchi@aist.go.jp; takigawa@jamstec.go.jp; robert.vautard@cea.fr; a.vermeulen@ecn.nl; zhu@mulan.gsfc.nasa.gov RI Vermeulen, Alex/A-2867-2015; Maksyutov, Shamil/G-6494-2011; Karstens, Ute/P-7075-2014; Satoh, Masaki/G-3325-2015; Patra, Prabir/B-5206-2009; Peters, Wouter/B-8305-2008; Krol, Maarten/B-3597-2010; Bergmann, Daniel/F-9801-2011; Law, Rachel/A-1969-2012; Christensen, Jesper /E-9524-2011; Kawa, Stephan/E-9040-2012; Brandt, Jorgen/B-3733-2011; Cameron-Smith, Philip/E-2468-2011; Denning, Scott/F-4974-2011; Geels, Camilla/G-4757-2013; Krol, Maarten/E-3414-2013; onishi, ryo/D-1109-2014 OI Vermeulen, Alex/0000-0002-8158-8787; Maksyutov, Shamil/0000-0002-1200-9577; Karstens, Ute/0000-0002-8985-7742; Satoh, Masaki/0000-0003-3580-8897; Patra, Prabir/0000-0001-5700-9389; Peters, Wouter/0000-0001-8166-2070; Bergmann, Daniel/0000-0003-4357-6301; Law, Rachel/0000-0002-7346-0927; Christensen, Jesper /0000-0002-6741-5839; Cameron-Smith, Philip/0000-0002-8802-8627; Denning, Scott/0000-0003-3032-7875; Geels, Camilla/0000-0003-2549-1750; onishi, ryo/0000-0001-9250-0712 NR 60 TC 81 Z9 81 U1 1 U2 19 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 3 AR GB3009 DI 10.1029/2007GB003050 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333KA UT WOS:000258150200001 ER PT J AU Hampton, SE Izmest'eva, LR Moore, MV Katz, SL Dennis, B Silow, EA AF Hampton, Stephanie E. Izmest'eva, Lyubov R. Moore, Marianne V. Katz, Stephen L. Dennis, Brian Silow, Eugene A. TI Sixty years of environmental change in the world's largest freshwater lake - Lake Baikal, Siberia SO GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Daphnia; global warming; great lakes; high-latitude; long-term ecological research; plankton; Russia; subarctic; time series; trophic structure ID CLIMATE-CHANGE; SECCHI DISK; OBSERVATIONAL EVIDENCE; SATELLITE DATA; REGIME SHIFTS; ARCTIC LAKES; TIME-SERIES; ICE COVER; PHYTOPLANKTON; SCALE AB High-resolution data collected over the past 60 years by a single family of Siberian scientists on Lake Baikal reveal significant warming of surface waters and long-term changes in the basal food web of the world's largest, most ancient lake. Attaining depths over 1.6 km, Lake Baikal is the deepest and most voluminous of the world's great lakes. Increases in average water temperature (1.21 degrees C since 1946), chlorophyll a (300% since 1979), and an influential group of zooplankton grazers (335% increase in cladocerans since 1946) may have important implications for nutrient cycling and food web dynamics. Results from multivariate autoregressive (MAR) modeling suggest that cladocerans increased strongly in response to temperature but not to algal biomass, and cladocerans depressed some algal resources without observable fertilization effects. Changes in Lake Baikal are particularly significant as an integrated signal of long-term regional warming, because this lake is expected to be among those most resistant to climate change due to its tremendous volume. These findings highlight the importance of accessible, long-term monitoring data for understanding ecosystem response to large-scale stressors such as climate change. C1 [Hampton, Stephanie E.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. [Izmest'eva, Lyubov R.; Silow, Eugene A.] Irkutsk State Univ, Sci Res Inst Biol, Irkutsk 664003, Russia. [Moore, Marianne V.] Wellesley Coll, Dept Biol Sci, Wellesley, MA 02481 USA. [Katz, Stephen L.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Dennis, Brian] Univ Idaho, Dept Fish & Wildlife Resources, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. [Dennis, Brian] Univ Idaho, Dept Stat, Moscow, ID 83844 USA. RP Hampton, SE (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Natl Ctr Ecol Anal & Synth, Santa Barbara, CA 93101 USA. EM hampton@nceas.ucsb.edu RI Silow, Eugene/C-2958-2011; OI Silow, Eugene/0000-0002-7039-3220; Hampton, Stephanie/0000-0003-2389-4249 NR 55 TC 92 Z9 100 U1 6 U2 86 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1354-1013 J9 GLOBAL CHANGE BIOL JI Glob. Change Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 14 IS 8 BP 1947 EP 1958 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01616.x PG 12 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 327EM UT WOS:000257712400017 ER PT J AU Richlen, ML Morton, SL Barber, PH Lobel, PS AF Richlen, Mindy L. Morton, Steve L. Barber, Paul H. Lobel, Phillip S. TI Phylogeography, morphological variation and taxonomy of the toxic dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus (Dinophyceae) SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE ciguatera; dinoflagellates; Gambierdiscus; harmful algal blooms (HABs) ID DISTRIBUTED ALEXANDRIUM DINOPHYCEAE; RIBOSOMAL-RNA GENES; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; SEQUENCE-ANALYSIS; SP-NOV; CIGUATERA; STRAIN; PHYLOGENY; CULTURE; IDENTIFICATION AB Gambierdiscus toxicus Adachi et Fukuyo 1979 is a toxin-producing marine dinoflagellate responsible for the syndrome known as ciguatera, which sickens thousands of people every year. Despite its importance, little is known regarding the global genetic structure of this species; therefore, it is unclear whether documented variation in toxin production and outbreaks of ciguatera are the result of ecological triggers or the presence of different genetic strains across the geographic range of G. toxicus. We examined the molecular phylogeny and morphological characteristics of 28 globally distributed G. toxicus isolates by sequencing part of the large subunit (LSU) and small subunit (SSU) ribosomal DNA and analyzing the thecal architecture using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Our analyses showed that G. toxicus is comprised of at least four distinct lineages (Clades A-D) separated by substantial genetic distances. One of the clades recovered in the phylogenetic analysis (Clade B) is morphologically distinct, the characteristics of which agree with the species description of Gambierdiscus belizeanus Faust 1995. The remaining three lineages; however, are morphologically homogeneous and may represent cryptic species. SEM analyses showed that an important morphological feature used to distinguish Gambierdiscus morphospecies, the apical pore (Po) plate shape, was variable among isolates of G. toxicus and did not reflect phylogenetic groupings; hence, its utility as a diagnostic feature is questionable. Our analyses suggest that G. toxicus is not a single cosmopolitan species with a worldwide circumtropical distribution but instead comprises a wide-ranging species complex. The presence of multiple cryptic species could partly explain the seemingly random patterns of ciguatera toxicity across geography. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Richlen, Mindy L.; Barber, Paul H.; Lobel, Phillip S.] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Morton, Steve L.] NOAA, NOS Marine Biotoxin Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Richlen, ML (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, MS 32, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM mrichlen@whoi.edu NR 66 TC 24 Z9 29 U1 3 U2 30 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 5 BP 614 EP 629 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2007.12.020 PG 16 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 320SW UT WOS:000257256300007 ER PT J AU Galimany, E Sunila, I Hegaret, H Ramon, M Wikfors, GH AF Galimany, Eve Sunila, Inke Hegaret, Hene Ramon, Montserrat Wikfors, Gary H. TI Pathology and immune response of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis L.) after an exposure to the harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE harmful algal blooms; hemocyte; histopathology; immunology; Mytilus edulis; Prorocentrum minimum ID ARGOPECTEN-IRRADIANS-IRRADIANS; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; PERKINSUS-MARINUS; EASTERN OYSTERS; RUDITAPES-PHILIPPINARUM; CULTURED STRAIN; BAY SCALLOPS; OIL-SPILL; IN-VITRO AB The harmful dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum has different effects upon various species of grazing bivalves, and these effects also vary with life-history stage. Possible effects of this dinoflagellate upon mussels have not been reported; therefore, experiments exposing adult blue mussels, Mytilus edulis, to P. minimum were conducted. Mussels were exposed to cultures of toxic P. minimum or benign Rhodomonas sp. in glass aquaria. After a short period of acclimation, samples were collected on day 0 (before the exposure) and after 3, 6, and 9 days of continuous-exposure experiment. Hemolymph was extracted for flow-cytometric analyses of hemocyte, immune-response functions, and soft tissues were excised for histopathology. Mussels responded to F minimum exposure with diapedesis of hemocytes into the intestine, presumably to isolate P. minimum cells within the gut, thereby minimizing damage to other tissues. This immune response appeared to have been sustained throughout the 9-day exposure period, as circulating hemocytes retained hematological and functional properties. Bacteria proliferated in the intestines of the P. minimum-exposed mussels. Hemocytes within the intestine appeared to be either overwhelmed by the large number of bacteria or fully occupied in the encapsulating response to P. minimum cells; when hemocytes reached the intestine lumina, they underwent apoptosis and bacterial degradation. This experiment demonstrated that M. edulis is affected by ingestion of toxic P. minimum; however, the specific responses observed in the blue mussel differed from those reported for other bivalve species. This finding highlights the need to study effects of HABs on different bivalve species, rather than inferring that results from one species reflect the exposure responses of all bivalves. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Galimany, Eve] Ctr Aquicultura IRTA, San Carlos de la Rapita 43540, Spain. [Sunila, Inke] Bur Aquaculture, Dept Agr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Hegaret, Hene; Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, NMFS, Milford Aquaculture Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Ramon, Montserrat] IEO Ctr Oceanograf Balears, Palma de Mallorca 07015, Spain. RP Galimany, E (reprint author), Ctr Aquicultura IRTA, Crta Poble Nou S-N, San Carlos de la Rapita 43540, Spain. EM eva.galimany@irta.es RI Hegaret, Helene/B-7206-2008 OI Hegaret, Helene/0000-0003-4639-9013 NR 60 TC 46 Z9 47 U1 3 U2 18 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 5 BP 630 EP 638 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.01.001 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 320SW UT WOS:000257256300008 ER PT J AU Roth, PB Twiner, MJ Mikulski, CM Barnhorst, AB Doucette, GJ AF Roth, Patricia B. Twiner, Michael J. Mikulski, Christina M. Barnhorst, Amanda B. Doucette, Gregory J. TI Comparative analysis of two algicidal bacteria active against the red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE algicidal bacteria; cyst formation; Cytophaga; dinoflagellate; Flavobacteriaceae; harmful algal bloom; Karenia brevis ID MARINE BACTERIUM; FAMILY FLAVOBACTERIACEAE; HARMFUL MICROALGAE; GYMNODINIUM-BREVE; SP-NOV.; GROWTH; SEA; JAPAN; PHYTOPLANKTON; COMMUNITIES AB The red tide dinoflagellate Karenia brevis blooms annually along the eastern Gulf of Mexico, USA, and is often linked to significant economic losses through massive fish kills, shellfish harvest closures, and the potential threat to humans of neurotoxic shellfish poisonings as well as exposure to aerosolized toxin. As part of an effort to enhance the strategies employed to manage and mitigate these events and their adverse effects, several approaches are being investigated for controlling blooms. Previous studies have established the presence of algicidal bacteria lethal to K. brevis in these waters, and we aim to characterize bacterial-algal interactions, evaluate their role as natural regulators of K. brevis blooms, and ultimately assess possible management applications. Herein, the algicidal activity of a newly isolated Cytophaga/Flavobacterium/Bacteroidetes (CFB)-bacterium, strain S03, and a previously described CFB-bacterium, strain 41-DBG2, was evaluated against various harmful algal bloom (HAB) and non-HAB species (23 total), including multiple clones of K. brevis, to evaluate algal target specificity. Strains S03 and 41-DBG2, which employ direct and indirect modes of algicidal lysis, respectively, killed similar to 20% and similar to 40% of the bacteria-containing isolates tested. Interestingly, no bacteria-free algal cultures were resistant to algicidal attack, whereas susceptibility varied occasionally among bacteria-containing isolates of a single algal taxon originating from either the same or different geographic location. The dynamics of K. brevis culture death appeared to differ according to whether the algicidal bacterium did or did not require direct contact with algal cells, with the former most rapidly affecting K. brevis morphology and causing cell lysis. Both bacterial strains promoted the formation of a small number of cyst-like structures in the K. brevis cultures, possibly analogous to temporary cysts formed by other dinoflagellates exposed to certain types of stress. Results were also consistent with earlier work demonstrating that bacterial assemblages from certain cultures can confer resistance to attack by algicidal bacteria, again indicating the complexity and importance of microbial interactions, and the need to consider carefully the potential for using such bacteria in management activities. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Roth, Patricia B.; Twiner, Michael J.; Mikulski, Christina M.; Barnhorst, Amanda B.; Doucette, Gregory J.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Roth, Patricia B.] Coll Charleston, Grice Marine Biol Lab, Grad Program Marine Biol, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Doucette, GJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Marine Biotoxins Program, 219 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM greg.doucette@noaa.gov RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 NR 53 TC 35 Z9 44 U1 3 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 5 BP 682 EP 691 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.02.002 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 320SW UT WOS:000257256300014 ER PT J AU Galimany, E Sunila, I Hegaret, H Ramon, M Wikfors, GH AF Galimany, Eve Sunila, Inke Hegaret, Helene Ramon, Montserrat Wikfors, Gary H. TI Experimental exposure of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis, L.) to the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense: Histopathology, immune responses, and recovery SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Alexandrium fundyense; harmful algal blooms; hemocyte; histopathology; immunology; Mytilus edulis ID PARALYTIC SHELLFISH TOXINS; MERCENARIA-MERCENARIA GRANULOCYTES; FLOW-CYTOMETRIC ANALYSIS; CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA; EASTERN OYSTERS; RUDITAPES-PHILIPPINARUM; PROROCENTRUM-MINIMUM; ELECTRON-MICROSCOPE; AQUATIC ORGANISMS; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Mussels (Mytilus edulis) were exposed to cultures of the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium fundyense or the non-toxic alga Rhodomonas sp. to evaluate the effects of the harmful alga on the mussels and to study recovery after discontinuation of the A. fundyense exposure. Mussels were exposed for 9 days to the different algae and then all were fed Rhodomonas sp. for 6 more days. Samples of hemolymph for hemocyte analyses and tissues for histology were collected before the exposure and periodically during exposure and recovery periods. Mussels filtered and ingested both microalgal cultures, producing fecal pellets containing degraded, partially degraded, and intact cells of both algae. Mussels exposed to A. fundyense had an inflammatory response consisting of degranulation and diapedesis of hemocytes into the alimentary canal and, as the exposure continued, hemocyte migration into the connective tissue between the gonadal follicles. Evidence of lipid peroxidation, similar to the detoxification pathway described for various xenobiotics, was found; insoluble lipofuchsin granules formed (ceroidosis), and hemocytes carried the granules to the alimentary canal, thus eliminating putative dinoflagellate toxins in feces. As the number of circulating hemocytes in A. fundyense-exposed mussels became depleted, mussels were immunocompromised, and pathological changes followed, i.e., increased prevalences of ceroidosis and trematodes after 9 days of exposure. Moreover, the total number of pathological changes increased from the beginning of the exposure until the last day (day 9). After 6 days of the exposure, mussels in one of the three tanks exposed to A. fundyense mass spawned; these mussels showed more severe effects of the toxic algae than non-spawning mussels exposed to A. fundyense. No significant differences were found between the two treatments during the recovery period, indicating rapid homeostatic processes in tissues and circulating hemocytes. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Galimany, Eve] IRTA, St Carles Del La Rapita 43540, Spain. [Sunila, Inke] Bur Aquaculture, Dept Agr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Hegaret, Helene] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Ramon, Montserrat] IEO Ctr Oceanograf Balears, Palma de Mallorca 07015, Spain. [Ramon, Montserrat] CSIC, ICM, Barcelona 08003, Spain. [Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Galimany, E (reprint author), IRTA, Crta Poble Nou S-N, St Carles Del La Rapita 43540, Spain. EM eva.galimany@irta.es RI Hegaret, Helene/B-7206-2008 OI Hegaret, Helene/0000-0003-4639-9013 NR 68 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 21 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD AUG PY 2008 VL 7 IS 5 BP 702 EP 711 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.02.006 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 320SW UT WOS:000257256300016 ER PT J AU Gentile, C Kik, A AF Gentile, Camillo Kik, Alfred TI A frequency-dependence model for the ultrawideband channel based on propagation events SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION LA English DT Article DE geometric theory of diffraction (GTD) ID INDOOR CHANNEL; SCATTERING; ENVIRONMENTS; PREDICTION; DELAY; GTD AB While the frequency dependence of the wireless channel may be negligible for narrow to wideband signals, it has been shown that modeling this dependence for bandwidths in excess of 2 GHz improves channel reconstruction up to 40%. Yet to our knowledge, only Molisch et at. have done so for the ultrawideband channel. Their benchmark frequency model however represents the average dependence over the collection of multipath arrivals in the channel rather than that of individual arrivals. Building on the geometric theory of diffraction, we propose a novel stochastic frequency model for individual arrivals according to the propagation events on their paths between the transmitter and receiver. We extract the model parameters from an extensive measurement campaign of 4000 channel frequency sweeps in four separate buildings combined with raytracing simulations, and show that ours fits the gathered data more closely than the benchmark model. C1 [Gentile, Camillo; Kik, Alfred] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Gentile, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Wireless Commun Technol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM camillo.gentile@nist.gov NR 30 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-926X J9 IEEE T ANTENN PROPAG JI IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 56 IS 8 BP 2775 EP 2780 DI 10.1109/TAP.2008.927576 PN 2 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 336NY UT WOS:000258373100040 ER PT J AU Lelis, AJ Habersat, D Green, R Ogunniyi, A Gurfinkel, M Suehle, J Goldsman, N AF Lelis, Aivars J. Habersat, Daniel Green, Ronald Ogunniyi, Aderinto Gurfinkel, Moshe Suehle, John Goldsman, Neil TI Time dependence of bias-stress-induced SiC MOSFET threshold-voltage instability measurements SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE MOSFETs; oxide charge trapping; silicon carbide (SiC); tunneling model ID SILICON-CARBIDE; OXIDE CHARGES; NITRIC-OXIDE; INTERFACE; DEVICES; MOBILITY; CENTERS; TRAPS; N2O AB We have observed significant instability in the threshold voltage of 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors due to gate-bias stressing. This effect has a strong measurement time dependence. For example, a 20-ps-long gate ramp used to measure the I-V characteristic and extract a threshold voltage was found to result in a VT instability three to four times greater than that measured with a I-s-long gate ramp. The VT instability was three times greater in devices that did not receive a NO postoxidation anneal compared with those that did. This instability effect is consistent with electrons directly tunneling in and out of near-interfacial oxide traps, which in irradiated Si MOS was attributed to border traps. C1 [Lelis, Aivars J.; Habersat, Daniel; Green, Ronald; Ogunniyi, Aderinto] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Gurfinkel, Moshe; Suehle, John] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Goldsman, Neil] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Lelis, AJ (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. EM alelis@arl.army.mil; dahabersat@arl.army.mil; rgreen@arl.army.mil; aderinto.ogunniyi@arl.army.mil; moshegur@gmail.com; john.suehle@nist.gov; neil@umd.edu NR 33 TC 101 Z9 102 U1 5 U2 26 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1835 EP 1840 DI 10.1109/TED.2008.926672 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 330NO UT WOS:000257950300009 ER PT J AU Hull, BA Sumakeris, JJ O'Loughlin, MJ Zhang, QC Richmond, J Powell, AR Imhoff, EA Hobart, KD Rivera-Lopez, A Hefner, AR AF Hull, Brett A. Sumakeris, Joseph J. O'Loughlin, Michael J. Zhang, Qingchun Richmond, Jim Powell, Adrian R. Imhoff, Eugene A. Hobart, Karl D. Rivera-Lopez, Angel Hefner, Allen R., Jr. TI Performance and stability of large-area 4H-SiC 10-kV junction barrier Schottky rectifiers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diode; power semiconductor diode; SiC; stability ID SILICON-CARBIDE; DIODES; DEFECTS AB The forward and reverse bias dc characteristics, the long-term stability under forward and reverse bias, and the reverse recovery performance of 4H-SiC junction barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes that are capable of blocking in excess of 10 kV with forward conduction of up to 10 A at a forward voltage of less than 3.5 V (at 25 degrees C are described. The diodes show a positive temperature coefficient of resistance and a stable Schottky barrier height of up to 200 degrees C. The diodes show stable operation under continuous forward current injection at 20 A/cM2 and under continuous reverse bias of 8 kV at 125 degrees C. When switched from a 10-A forward current to a blocking voltage of 3 kV at a current rate-of-fall of 30 A/fLs, the reverse recovery time and the reverse recovery charge are nearly constant at 300 ns and 425 nC, respectively, over the entire temperature range of 25 degrees C-175 degrees C. C1 [Hull, Brett A.; Sumakeris, Joseph J.; O'Loughlin, Michael J.; Zhang, Qingchun; Richmond, Jim; Powell, Adrian R.] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Imhoff, Eugene A.; Hobart, Karl D.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Rivera-Lopez, Angel; Hefner, Allen R., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hull, BA (reprint author), Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM brett_hull@cree.com NR 23 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 3 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 8 BP 1864 EP 1870 DI 10.1109/TED.2008.926655 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 330NO UT WOS:000257950300013 ER PT J AU Gurfinkel, M Xiong, HD Cheung, KP Suehle, JS Bernstein, JB Shapira, Y Lelis, AJ Habersat, D Goldsman, N AF Gurfinkel, Moshe Xiong, Hao D. Cheung, Kin P. Suehle, John S. Bernstein, Joseph B. Shapira, Yoram Lelis, Aivars J. Habersat, Daniel Goldsman, Neil TI Characterization of transient gate oxide trapping in SiC MOSFETs using fast I-V techniques SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE annealing; charge carrier processes; reliability; silicon carbide; transient trapping ID SILICON-CARBIDE; 4H-SIC MOSFETS; MOS CAPACITORS; NITRIC-OXIDE; INTERFACE; MOBILITY; TEMPERATURE; POLYTYPE; VOLTAGE AB Threshold voltage and drain current instabilities in state-of-the-art 4H-SiC MOSFETs with thermal as-grown SiO(2) and NO-annealed gate oxides have been studied using fast I-V measurements. These measurements reveal the full extent of the instability underestimated by dc measurements. Furthermore, fast measurements allow the separation of negative and positive bias stress effects. Postoxidation annealing in NO was found to passivate the oxide traps and dramatically reduce the instability. A physical model involving fast transient charge trapping and detrapping at and near the SiC/SiO(2) interface is proposed. C1 [Gurfinkel, Moshe; Shapira, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Xiong, Hao D.; Cheung, Kin P.; Suehle, John S.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bernstein, Joseph B.] Bar Ilan Univ, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Bernstein, Joseph B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Lelis, Aivars J.; Habersat, Daniel] Army Res Labs, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Goldsman, Neil] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Gurfinkel, M (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-69978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM moshegur@post.tau.ac.il NR 23 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 2 U2 10 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 8 BP 2004 EP 2012 DI 10.1109/TED.2008.926626 PG 9 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 330NO UT WOS:000257950300033 ER PT J AU Potbhare, S Goldsman, N Akturk, A Gurfinkel, M Lelis, A Suehle, JS AF Potbhare, Siddharth Goldsman, Neil Akturk, Akin Gurfinkel, Moshe Lelis, Aivars Suehle, John S. TI Energy- and time-dependent dynamics of trap occupation in 4H-SiC MOSFETs SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRON DEVICES LA English DT Article DE SiC interface trap dynamics; surface generation-recombination; trap capture cross-section ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; CAPTURE CROSS-SECTION; INTERFACE TRAPS; STATES; MOBILITY; 4H AB A methodology for characterizing the transient response of 4H-SiC MOSFETs has been developed. The method combines new physical models, simulation techniques, and experiment to provide insight into the details of MOSFET time-dependent dynamics. A new physical model for generation-recombination between interface traps and channel electrons was derived, facilitating the analysis of trap dynamics in the energy, space, and time domains. A set of algorithms was developed, which enabled these rates to be incorporated into the drift-diffusion model so that their effect on the switching of 4H-SiC MOSFETs could be numerically evaluated. The correlation of simulated and experimental dc and transient drain current allowed the extraction of the density and the effective capture cross sections of interface traps. It was found that states near the band edge would become occupied much more quickly and had a much larger effective capture cross section than those that were several tenths of an electronvolt away from the band edge. This has led to the conclusion that the fast traps with large capture cross sections are likely to be interface states, whereas the traps with the smaller capture cross sections are a combination of midgap interface states and oxide traps. The observation of trap dynamics suggests that improvements in long-term device stability can be achieved by reducing oxide traps, whereas short-term stability can be improved by the reduction of interface traps. C1 [Potbhare, Siddharth; Goldsman, Neil; Akturk, Akin] Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gurfinkel, Moshe] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-66978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Lelis, Aivars] USA, Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Suehle, John S.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Potbhare, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM potbhare@umd.edu; neil@umd.edu NR 20 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9383 J9 IEEE T ELECTRON DEV JI IEEE Trans. Electron Devices PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 8 BP 2061 EP 2070 DI 10.1109/TED.2008.926668 PG 10 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 330NO UT WOS:000257950300040 ER PT J AU Vail, MW Earp, JB Anton, AI AF Vail, Matthew W. Earp, Julia B. Anton, Annie I. TI An empirical study of consumer perceptions and comprehension of web site privacy policies SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article DE e-commerce; end user computing management; healthcare; privacy management; privacy policy; trust; user computer interaction ID ELECTRONIC COMMERCE; INTERNET PRIVACY; ONLINE; SECURITY; BEHAVIOR; HEALTH; TRUST; USERS; MEDIA AB The U.S. legislation at both the federal and state levels mandates certain organizations to inform customers about information uses and disclosures. Such disclosures are typically accomplished through privacy policies, both online and offline. Unfortunately, the policies are not easy to comprehend, and, as a result, online consumers frequently do not read the policies provided at healthcare Web sites. Because these policies are often required by law, they should be clear so that consumers are likely to read them and to ensure that consumers can comprehend these policies. This, in turn, may increase consumer trust and encourage consumers to feel more comfortable when interacting with online organizations. In this paper, we present results of an empirical study, involving 993 Internet users, which compared various ways to present privacy policy information to online consumers. Our findings suggest that users perceive typical, paragraph-form policies to be more secure than other forms of policy representation, yet user comprehension of such paragraph-form policies is poor as compared to other policy representations. The results of this study can help managers create more trustworthy policies, aid compliance officers in detecting deceptive organizations, and serve legislative bodies by providing tangible evidence as to the ineffectiveness of current privacy policies. C1 [Vail, Matthew W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Earp, Julia B.] Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. [Anton, Annie I.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Vail, MW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 50 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 3 U2 19 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9391 EI 1558-0040 J9 IEEE T ENG MANAGE JI IEEE Trans. Eng. Manage. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 55 IS 3 BP 442 EP 454 DI 10.1109/TEM.2008.922634 PG 13 WC Business; Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Business & Economics; Engineering GA 333HS UT WOS:000258144200006 ER PT J AU Maddy, ES Barnet, CD AF Maddy, Eric S. Barnet, Christopher D. TI Vertical resolution estimates in version 5 of AIRS operational retrievals SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE infrared measurements; inverse problems; matrices; remote sensing; satellites ID TEMPERATURE PROFILES; INTEGRAL EQUATIONS; NUMERICAL SOLUTION; FIRST KIND; REMOTE; AIRS/AMSU/HSB; INSTRUMENTS; RADIATION; INVERSION; PRODUCTS AB In this paper, we present an overview of averaging-kernel computations from the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) Version 5 product retrieval software. Temperature and moisture retrievals form the focus of this paper; however, some results for all other retrieved gas amounts are presented. The theory and methodology required to utilize the averaging kernels for comparison of AIRS retrievals with correlative measurements are given. The averaging kernels are used to transform correlative measurements to AIRS effective resolution and are used to assess and derive the vertical resolution of Version 5 temperature and moisture retrievals in different atmospheric conditions. We find that depending on the scene, AIRS Version 5 tropospheric temperature (moisture) retrieval resolution, which is as determined by the full-width at half-maximum of the averaging kernels, ranges between 2.5 km (2.7 km) near the surface and 7.1 km (4.3 km) near the tropopause. C1 [Maddy, Eric S.] QSS Grp Inc, Perot Syst Govt Serv, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. [Barnet, Christopher D.] NOAA, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Off Res & Applicat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Maddy, ES (reprint author), QSS Grp Inc, Perot Syst Govt Serv, Lanham, MD 20706 USA. RI Barnet, Christopher/F-5573-2010; Maddy, Eric/G-3683-2010 OI Maddy, Eric/0000-0003-1151-339X FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [EOS/03-0477-0044] FX Manuscript received July 24, 2007: revised December 11, 2007. This work was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Grant EOS/03-0477-0044. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NASA, or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 24 TC 51 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD AUG PY 2008 VL 46 IS 8 BP 2375 EP 2384 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.917498 PG 10 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 338GN UT WOS:000258494500020 ER PT J AU Song, EY Lee, KB AF Song, Eugene Y. Lee, Kang B. TI STWS: A unified Web service for IEEE 1451 smart transducers SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE IEEE 1451.0; IEEE 1451.5; Network Capable Application Processor (NCAP); Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA); Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP); Smart Transducer Web Services (STWS); Transducer Electronic Data Sheet (TEDS); Transducer Interface Module (TIM); web service; web services; Description Language (WSDL) ID STANDARDS AB This paper describes a unified Web service for IEEE 1451 smart transducers, designated as Smart Transducer Web Services (STWS), developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) based on the IEEE 1451.0 standard. An STWS prototype system developed at NIST consists of a service consumer, service provider (wireless network node), and wireless sensor node. The service consumer and provider communicate with each other through Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) messages using the IEEE 1451.0 and 1451.5-WiFi interfaces. The prototype system was successfully tested through a few case studies, and a case study of reading transducer data is described in detail. STWS enable Web-resident IEEE 1451 smart transducers (sensors and actuators) to be discoverable, accessible, and controllable using Web services via the Internet and to achieve standards-based interoperability for smart transducer applications. C1 [Song, Eugene Y.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Metrol Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, EY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Metrol Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ysong@nist.gov; kang.lee@nist.gov NR 21 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 9 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 57 IS 8 BP 1749 EP 1756 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.925732 PG 8 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 333WE UT WOS:000258183500034 ER PT J AU Hu, WW Hu, RQY Qian, Y AF Hu, Weiwei Hu, Rose Qingyang Qian, Yi TI Survivable traffic grooming with non-service-interruptive wavelength retuning in a WDM mesh network SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE all optical; WDM; survivable traffic grooming; wavelength continuity; wavelength retuning; lightpath ID OPTICAL NETWORKS AB This paper proposes a new Survivable traffic grooming wavelength retuning (STGWR) scheme in an all-optical wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network. In a dynamic WDM network, a connection may require a bandwidth less than a wavelength capacity. In addition, a connection should be protected against any network failures. Survivable traffic grooming (STG) can protect connections at subwavelength granularities. Wavelength retuning is a promising approach in an all-optical WDM network. where a signal must remain on the same wavelength from its source to the destination, to alleviate the wavelength continuity constraint and reduce the connection blocking probability. Although both STG and wavelength retuning have attracted extensive research attentions nowadays, no effort has been made to combine these two promising approaches in one network. In this paper, we propose a wavelength retuning scheme with no service interruption in an all-optical network with STG capability. The scheme allocates two routes, one for the active path and other for the backup path, in a shared mesh restoration manner to each incoming connection request and conducts wavelength retuning only on the backup path. Both wavelength retuning and mesh protection are done at the connection level instead of at the lightpath level. The simulation results of the proposed schemes are also presented. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons. Ltd. C1 [Qian, Yi] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hu, Weiwei] Mississippi State Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA. [Hu, Rose Qingyang] Nortel Networks, Richardson, TX 75082 USA. RP Qian, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8920, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM yqian@nist.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1074-5351 EI 1099-1131 J9 INT J COMMUN SYST JI Int. J. Commun. Syst. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 21 IS 8 BP 889 EP 900 DI 10.1002/dac.933 PG 12 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Telecommunications GA 340JM UT WOS:000258641900005 ER PT J AU Yang, JC Huber, ML AF Yang, Jiann C. Huber, Marcia L. TI Analysis of thermodynamic processes involving hydrogen SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Autoignition; Fill density; Hydrogen; Isenthalpic and isentropic processes; Joule-Thomson effect; Pressure relief device; Thermodynamics ID SAFETY; VEHICLES; STORAGE; FUEL AB There is a need to explore potential hazard scenarios associated with several specific thermodynamic processes involving the storage and use of hydrogen subjected to thermal exposures. A potential real-life scenario is the heating of a hydrogen storage vessel abroad a hydrogen-powered vehicle in an automobile fire or in an accident at a refueling station. The effect of thermal exposures on these thermodynamic processes has been examined using the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) REFPROP, Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties, database. The thermodynamic processes considered are isochoric (constant density) heating, isenthalpic expansion, and isentropic expansion. in addition, isochoric heating followed by either an isenthalpic or isentropic expansion process is also discussed. The initial fill density of a hydrogen system has a significant effect on the subsequent thermodynamic processes. From a standpoint of fire safety, a hydrogen system subjected to thermal exposure or preheating before an isenthalpic expansion would potentially increase the risk of fire, especially when the exposure temperature is very close to the hydrogen autoignition temperature. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of international Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 [Yang, Jiann C.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huber, Marcia L.] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Yang, JC (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Bldg 224,Room B360, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jiann.yang@nist.gov NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2008 VL 33 IS 16 BP 4413 EP 4418 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.05.085 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 359AN UT WOS:000259958700024 ER PT J AU Yang, JC AF Yang, Jiann C. TI Material-based hydrogen storage SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HYDROGEN ENERGY LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen; Safety; Storage ID REACTOR AB One safety aspect of a material-based hydrogen storage system is the exposure of such system to a high-temperature environment (e.g., a fire) causing an increase in pressure. A simple analysis, based on a material balance, is provided to estimate the effect of temperature on equilibrium storage pressure in a material-based hydrogen storage system. Under certain limited ideal and non-ideal situations and using a linear relationship between the hydrogen in the material phase and vapor phase, simple explicit analytical expression for equilibrium storage pressure at a specified temperature can be easily derived without resorting to complicated numerical techniques. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of international Association for Hydrogen Energy. C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, JC (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Bldg 224,Room B360, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jiann.yang@nist.gov NR 15 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 4 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0360-3199 J9 INT J HYDROGEN ENERG JI Int. J. Hydrog. Energy PD AUG PY 2008 VL 33 IS 16 BP 4424 EP 4426 DI 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2008.06.054 PG 3 WC Chemistry, Physical; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Chemistry; Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA 359AN UT WOS:000259958700026 ER PT J AU Kim, M Yoon, SH Domanski, PA Payne, WV AF Kim, Minsung Yoon, Seok Ho Domanski, Piotr A. Payne, W. Vance TI Design of a steady-state detector for fault detection and diagnosis of a residential air conditioner SO INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REFRIGERATION-REVUE INTERNATIONALE DU FROID LA English DT Article DE air conditioner; residential building; compression system; process; detection; fault; steady state ID PERFORMANCE AB This paper presents a general methodology for developing a steady-state detector for a vapor compression system based on a moving window and using standard deviations of seven measurements selected as features. The feature thresholds and optimized moving window size were based upon steady-state no-fault tests and startup transient tests. The study showed that evaporator superheat and condenser subcooling were sufficient for determining the onset of steady-state during the startup transient. However, they misidentified steady-state during indoor temperature change tests where evaporator saturation temperature and air temperature change across the evaporator were needed for proper steady-state identification. Hence, the paper recommends including all fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) features in the steady-state detector to ensure the robustness of the detector because different features may play key roles with different transients. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Yoon, Seok Ho; Domanski, Piotr A.; Payne, W. Vance] NIST, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kim, Minsung] Korea Inst Energy Res, Geothermal Energy Res Ctr, Taejon 305343, South Korea. RP Payne, WV (reprint author), NIST, HVAC&R Equipment Performance Grp, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8631, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vance.payne@nist.gov NR 20 TC 50 Z9 52 U1 2 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0140-7007 J9 INT J REFRIG JI Int. J. Refrig.-Rev. Int. Froid PD AUG PY 2008 VL 31 IS 5 BP 790 EP 799 DI 10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2007.11.008 PG 10 WC Thermodynamics; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Engineering GA 325UU UT WOS:000257614600005 ER PT J AU Krayzman, V Levin, I Tucker, MG AF Krayzman, Victor Levin, Igor Tucker, Mathew G. TI Simultaneous reverse Monte Carlo refinements of local structures in perovskite solid solutions using EXAFS and the total scattering pair-distribution function SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SHORT-RANGE ORDER; SPECTROSCOPY; LA1-XCAXMNO3; DIFFRACTION; SIMULATIONS; SPECTRA AB Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) refinements using a combined real-space fit of the neutron/X-ray total scattering pair-distribution function (PDF) and the extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) were developed and implemented as an extension to the public domain computer software RMCProfile. The effectiveness of combined PDF/EXAFS RMC refinements was tested using perovskite Ca(Zr, Ti) O(3) solid solutions. The analyses revealed that combining two types of data yields correct distributions of the Ti-O and Zr-O distances that could not be recovered using either of the techniques alone because of the substantial overlap between the Ti-O and Zr-O partial PDFs. The combined refinements enabled reasonably accurate reproduction of most of the local structure characteristics, including the dependence of Ca displacements on the local B-cation coordination around Ca. C1 [Krayzman, Victor; Levin, Igor] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Krayzman, Victor] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Tucker, Mathew G.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. RP Levin, I (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM igor.levin@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010; Tucker, Matt/C-9867-2016 OI Tucker, Matt/0000-0002-2891-7086 NR 21 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 21 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 41 BP 705 EP 714 DI 10.1107/S0021889808013277 PN 4 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 327AC UT WOS:000257700100008 ER PT J AU Zimmerman, NM Huber, WH Simonds, B Hourdakis, E Fujiwara, A Ono, Y Takahashi, Y Inokawa, H Furlan, M Keller, MW AF Zimmerman, Neil M. Huber, William H. Simonds, Brian Hourdakis, Emmanouel Fujiwara, Akira Ono, Yukinori Takahashi, Yasuo Inokawa, Hiroshi Furlan, Miha Keller, Mark W. TI Why the long-term charge offset drift in Si single-electron tunneling transistors is much smaller (better) than in metal-based ones: Two-level fluctuator stability SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TEMPERATURE THERMAL-PROPERTIES; JUNCTIONS; GLASSES; DEVICES; NOISE AB A common observation in metal-based (specifically, those with AlO(x) tunnel junctions) single-electron tunneling (SET) devices is a time-dependent instability known as the long-term charge offset drift. This drift is not seen in Si-based devices. Our aim is to understand the difference between these, and ultimately to overcome the drift in the metal-based devices. A comprehensive set of measurements shows that (1) brief measurements over short periods of time can mask the underlying drift, (2) we have not found any reproducible technique to eliminate the drift, and (3) two-level fluctuators (TLFs) in the metal-based devices are not stable. In contrast, in the Si-based devices the charge offset drifts by less than 0.01e over many days, and the TLFs are stable. We also show charge noise measurements in a SET device over four decades of temperature. We present a model for the charge offset drift based on the observation of nonequilibrium heat evolution in glassy materials, and obtain a numerical estimate in good agreement with our charge offset drift observations. We conclude that, while the Si devices are not perfect and defect-free, the defects are stable and noninteracting; in contrast, the interacting, unstable glasslike defects in the metal-based devices are what lead to the charge offset drift. We end by suggesting some particular directions for the improvement in fabrication, and in particular, fabrication with crystalline metal-oxide barriers, that may lead to charge offset drift-free behavior. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Zimmerman, Neil M.; Simonds, Brian; Hourdakis, Emmanouel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huber, William H.; Fujiwara, Akira; Ono, Yukinori; Takahashi, Yasuo; Inokawa, Hiroshi] NTT Corp, NTT Basic Res Labs, Kanagawa 2430198, Japan. [Furlan, Miha] ETH, Solid State Phys Lab, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland. [Furlan, Miha] Swiss Fed Off Metrol & Accreditat METAS, CH-3003 Bern, Switzerland. [Keller, Mark W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Zimmerman, NM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM neilz@mailaps.org RI Ono, Yukinori/D-4741-2011; Inokawa, Hiroshi/E-6924-2011; Fujiwara, Akira/A-6648-2012; Takahashi, Yasuo/H-4799-2011 OI Inokawa, Hiroshi/0000-0002-8647-3524; FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs FX It is a pleasure to acknowledge the fabrication of one device each by Sergey Lotkhov (PTB) and Jose Aumentado (NIST Boulder), as well as measurements by Stuart B. Martin (NIST Gaithersburg), and valuable discussions with Kenton Brown (NIST Boulder), Josh Pomeroy (NIST Gaithersburg), Dave Pappas (NIST Boulder), Christian Hof (ETH), and Stephen Giblin (NPL). This work was supported in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs. NR 26 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 3 AR 033710 DI 10.1063/1.2949700 PG 12 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 338GH UT WOS:000258493900081 ER PT J AU Koch, SE Flamant, C Wilson, JW Gentry, BM Jamison, BD AF Koch, Steven E. Flamant, Cyrille Wilson, James W. Gentry, Bruce M. Jamison, Brian D. TI An atmospheric soliton observed with Doppler radar, differential absorption lidar, and a molecular Doppler lidar SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling CY JUN, 2006 CL Boulder, CO ID MESOSCALE GRAVITY-WAVE; NUMERICAL-SIMULATION; BOUNDARY-LAYER; WATER-VAPOR; INTERNAL BORES; LEANDRE-II; TROPOSPHERE; ENVIRONMENTS; INITIATION; CURRENTS AB Airborne Leandre II differential absorption lidar (DIAL), S-band dual-polarization Doppler radar (S-Pol), and Goddard Lidar Observatory for Winds (GLOW) Doppler lidar data are used, in conjunction with surface mesonet and special sounding data, to derive the structure and dynamics of a bore and associated solitary wave train (soliton) that were generated in southwestern Kansas during the International H2O Project (IHOP_ 2002). Vertical cross sections of S-Pol reflectivity, S-Pol radial velocity, and DIAL water vapor mixing ratio show a stunning amplitude-ordered train of trapped solitary waves. DIAL data reveal that the leading wave in the soliton increasingly flattened with time as the soliton dissipated. A method is developed for using the GLOW Doppler winds to obtain the complex two-dimensional vertical circulation accompanying the dissipating soliton. The results show multiple circulations identical in number to the oscillations seen in the S-Pol and DIAL data. The leading updraft occurred precisely at the time that the bore passed over the GLOW facility, as well as when the photon count values suddenly ramped up (suggesting lifting of the low-level inversion by the bore). Additional evidence in support of the validity of the results is provided by the fact that layer displacements computed using the derived vertical motions agree well with those implied by the changes in height of the DIAL mixing ratio surfaces. The depth and speed of propagation of the bore seen in the DIAL and surface mesoanalyses were shown to be consistent with the predictions from bore hydraulic theory. Analysis of National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Integrated Sounding System (ISS) data shows that a highly pronounced curvature in the profile of bore-relative winds, related to the existence of a very strong low-level jet, effectively trapped the upward leakage of solitary wave energy below 3 km. This finding explains the trapped lee wave-type structures seen in the DIAL, GLOW, and S-Pol data. C1 [Koch, Steven E.] NOAA, ESRL, R GSD, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Flamant, Cyrille] UVSQ, UPMC, CNRS, Serv Aeron,Inst Pierre Simon Laplace, Paris, France. [Wilson, James W.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Gentry, Bruce M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. RP Koch, SE (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, R GSD, Global Syst Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM steven.koch@noaa.gov RI Jamison, Brian/M-1109-2015 NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1267 EP 1287 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA951.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347PO UT WOS:000259153700003 ER PT J AU Pichugina, YL Banta, RM Kelley, ND Jonkman, BJ Tucker, SC Newsom, RK Brewer, WA AF Pichugina, Yelena L. Banta, Robert M. Kelley, Neil D. Jonkman, Bonnie J. Tucker, Sara C. Newsom, Rob K. Brewer, W. Alan TI Horizontal-velocity and variance measurements in the stable boundary layer using Doppler lidar: Sensitivity to averaging procedures SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling CY JUN, 2006 CL Boulder, CO ID LOW-LEVEL JET; BACKSCATTER HETERODYNE LIDAR; SPECTRAL PEAK ESTIMATION; DYNAMICAL IMPLICATIONS; TURBULENCE STATISTICS; ACCUMULATION; CASES-99; STABILITY; FLUXES; ENERGY AB Quantitative data on turbulence variables aloft-above the region of the atmosphere conveniently measured from towers-have been an important but difficult measurement need for advancing understanding and modeling of the stable boundary layer (SBL). Vertical profiles of streamwise velocity variances obtained from NOAA's high-resolution Doppler lidar (HRDL), which have been shown to be approximately equal to turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) for stable conditions, are a measure of the turbulence in the SBL. In the present study, the mean horizontal wind component U and variance sigma(2)(u) were computed from HRDL measurements of the line-of-sight (LOS) velocity using a method described by Banta et al., which uses an elevation (vertical slice) scanning technique. The method was tested on datasets obtained during the Lamar Low-Level Jet Project (LLLJP) carried out in early September 2003, near the town of Lamar in southeastern Colorado. This paper compares U with mean wind speed obtained from sodar and sonic anemometer measurements. The results for the mean U and mean wind speed measured by sodar and in situ instruments for all nights of LLLJP show high correlation (0.71-0.97), independent of sampling strategies and averaging procedures, and correlation coefficients consistently > 0.9 for four high-wind nights, when the low-level jet speeds exceeded 15 m s(-1) at some time during the night. Comparison of estimates of variance, on the other hand, proved sensitive to both the spatial and temporal averaging parameters. Several series of averaging tests are described, to find the best correlation between TKE calculated from sonic anemometer data at several tower levels and lidar measurements of horizontal-velocity variance sigma(2)(u). Because of the nonstationarity of the SBL data, the best results were obtained when the velocity data were first averaged over intervals of 1 min, and then further averaged over 3-15 consecutive 1-min intervals, with best results for the 10- and 15-min averaging periods. For these cases, correlation coefficients exceeded 0.9. As a part of the analysis, Eulerian integral time scales (tau) were estimated for the four high-wind nights. Time series of tau through each night indicated erratic behavior consistent with the nonstationarity. Histograms of tau showed a mode at 4-5 s, but frequent occurrences of larger tau values, mostly between 10 and 100 s. C1 [Pichugina, Yelena L.; Tucker, Sara C.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Banta, Robert M.; Brewer, W. Alan] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Kelley, Neil D.; Jonkman, Bonnie J.] Natl Renewable Energy Lab, Golden, CO USA. [Newsom, Rob K.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. RP Pichugina, YL (reprint author), NOAA, CSD3, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM yelena.pichugina@noaa.gov RI Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; pichugina, yelena/I-4141-2013; Banta, Robert/B-8361-2008; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 50 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 16 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1307 EP 1327 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA988.1 PG 21 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347PO UT WOS:000259153700006 ER PT J AU Hill, RJ Brewer, WA Tucker, SC AF Hill, Reginald J. Brewer, W. Alan Tucker, Sara C. TI Platform-motion correction of velocity measured by Doppler lidar SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling CY JUN, 2006 CL Boulder, CO ID LOW-LEVEL JET; STABLE BOUNDARY-LAYER; RADAR DATA; SYSTEM AB The NOAA/Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) has two coherent Doppler lidar systems that have been deployed on board research vessels to obtain data during several experiments. The instruments measure the wind velocity relative to the motion of the lidar; therefore, correction for the motion of the platform is required. This article gives a thorough analysis of the correction for lidar velocity measurements. The analysis is general enough to be applied to Doppler velocity measurements from all monostatic ship- and aircraftborne lidars and radars, and generalization to bistatic systems is achievable. The correction is demonstrated using miniature master-oscillator power-amplifier (mini-MOPA) Doppler velocity data obtained during the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) experiment. C1 [Brewer, W. Alan] NOAA, ESRL, CSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Hill, Reginald J.; Tucker, Sara C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Brewer, WA (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, CSD, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM alan.brewer@noaa.gov RI Brewer, Wm Alan/I-3920-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 NR 21 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1369 EP 1382 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA972.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347PO UT WOS:000259153700010 ER PT J AU Bianco, L Wilczak, JM White, AB AF Bianco, Laura Wilczak, James M. White, Allen B. TI Convective boundary layer depth estimation from wind profilers: Statistical comparison between an automated algorithm and expert estimations SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on Tropospheric Profiling CY JUN, 2006 CL Boulder, CO ID DOPPLER RADAR; MIDDLE ATMOSPHERE; ELEVATED LAYERS; SPECTRA; TURBULENCE; PARAMETERS; GRADIENTS; HEIGHT AB A previous study showed success in determining the convective boundary layer depth with radar wind-profiling radars using fuzzy logic methods, and improvements to the earlier work are discussed. The improved method uses the Vaisala multipeak picking (MPP) procedure to identify the atmospheric signal in radar spectra in place of a fuzzy logic peak picking procedure that was previously used. The method then applies fuzzy logic techniques to calculate the depth of the convective boundary layer. The planetary boundary layer depth algorithm is improved with respect to the one used in the previous study in that it adds information obtained from the small-scale turbulence ( vertical profiles of the spectral width of the vertical velocity), while also still using vertical profiles of the radar-derived refractive index structure parameter C-n(2) and the variance of vertical velocity. Modifications to the fuzzy logic rules (especially to those using vertical velocity data) that improve the algorithm's accuracy in cloudy boundary layers are incorporated. In addition, a reliability threshold value to the fuzzy logic-derived score is applied to eliminate PBL depth data values with low score values. These low score values correspond to periods when the PBL structure does not match the conceptual model of the convective PBL built into the algorithm. Also, as a final step, an optional temporal continuity test on boundary layer depth has been developed that helps improve the algorithm's skill. A comparison with independent boundary layer depth estimations made "by eye" by meteorologists at two radar wind-profiler sites, significantly different in their characteristics, shows that the new improved method gives significantly more accurate estimates of the boundary layer depth than does the previous method, and also much better estimates than the simpler "standard" method of selecting the peak of C-n(2). The new method produces an absolute error of the mixing-depth estimates comparable to the vertical range resolution of the profilers. C1 [Bianco, Laura; Wilczak, James M.; White, Allen B.] NOAA, ESRL, PSD, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bianco, Laura; White, Allen B.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Bianco, L (reprint author), NOAA, ESRL, PSD, R PSD3,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM laura.bianco@noaa.gov NR 23 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 25 IS 8 BP 1397 EP 1413 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA981.1 PG 17 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 347PO UT WOS:000259153700012 ER PT J AU Amyot, F Small, A Boukari, H Sackett, D Elliott, J McDaniel, D Plant, A Gandjbakhche, A AF Amyot, Franck Small, Alex Boukari, Hacene Sackett, Dan Elliott, John McDaniel, Dennis Plant, Anne Gandjbakhche, Amir TI Thin films of oriented collagen fibrils for cell motility studies SO JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH PART B-APPLIED BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE thin collagen film; endothelial cell motility; morphology; assay ID EXTRACELLULAR-MATRIX; CONTACT GUIDANCE; MIGRATION; FIBROBLASTS; ORIENTATION; MORPHOLOGY; PROTRUSION; COMPLEXES; CUES; GELS AB Collagen films with oriented fibrils mimic tissues that have been remodeled by fibroblasts, which naturally tend to orient collagen fibrils in vivo. We have prepared thin films of ordered fibrils of collagen I, a major component of the extracellular matrix. The films were prepared by modifying a technique previously used to produce collagen I films for studies of cell morphology and intracellular signaling. By modifying the drying step, we were able to produce thin monolayers of collagen fibrils with consistent orientations over macroscopic (> 100 mu m) distances. We quantified the degree of orientation of the collagen fibrils using Fourier analysis of optical microscopy images. We also conducted experiments with vascular endothelial cells, and found that cell orientation and migration are well-correlated with fibril orientation. Using polarized cells, we showed oriented thin collagen Him induces natural migration along the fibrils without using any sort of attractor. Taken together, these results demonstrate additional functionality and physiological relevance for a class of films being successfully applied in a variety of cell biology experiments. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. C1 [Amyot, Franck; Small, Alex; Gandjbakhche, Amir] NICHHD, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, Sect Biomed Stochast Phys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Boukari, Hacene; Sackett, Dan] NICHHD, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, Sect Cell Biophys, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Elliott, John; McDaniel, Dennis; Plant, Anne] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biotechnol, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Amyot, F (reprint author), NICHHD, Lab Integrat & Med Biophys, Sect Biomed Stochast Phys, NIH, 9 South Dr, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. EM amyotf@mail.nih.gov NR 27 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 12 PU WILEY-LISS PI HOBOKEN PA DIV JOHN WILEY & SONS INC, 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1552-4973 J9 J BIOMED MATER RES B JI J. Biomed. Mater. Res. Part B PD AUG PY 2008 VL 86B IS 2 BP 438 EP 443 DI 10.1002/jbm.b.31039 PG 6 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 330GT UT WOS:000257929400018 PM 18286591 ER PT J AU Zavala-Garay, J Zhang, C Moore, AM Wittenberg, AT Harrison, MJ Rosati, A Vialard, J Kleeman, R AF Zavala-Garay, J. Zhang, C. Moore, A. M. Wittenberg, A. T. Harrison, M. J. Rosati, A. Vialard, Jerome Kleeman, R. TI Sensitivity of hybrid ENSO models to unresolved atmospheric variability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; WESTERLY WIND BURSTS; 1997-98 EL-NINO; OCEAN-ATMOSPHERE; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; TROPICAL PACIFIC; COUPLED MODEL; INTRASEASONAL PERTURBATIONS; SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION AB A common practice in the design of forecast models for ENSO is to couple ocean general circulation models to simple atmospheric models. Therefore, by construction these models (known as hybrid ENSO models) do not resolve various kinds of atmospheric variability [e.g., the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO) and westerly wind bursts] that are often regarded as "unwanted noise." In this work the sensitivity of three hybrid ENSO models to this unresolved atmospheric variability is studied. The hybrid coupled models were tuned to be asymptotically stable and the magnitude, and spatial and temporal structure of the unresolved variability was extracted from observations. The results suggest that this neglected variability can add an important piece of realism and forecast skill to the hybrid models. The models were found to respond linearly to the low-frequency part of the neglected atmospheric variability, in agreement with previous findings with intermediate models. While the wind anomalies associated with the MJO typically explain a small fraction of the unresolved variability, a large fraction of the interannual variability can be excited by this forcing. A large correlation was found between interannual anomalies of Kelvin waves forced by the intraseasonal MJO and the Kelvin waves forced by the low-frequency part of the MJO. That is, in years when the MJO tends to be more active it also produces a larger low-frequency contribution, which can then resonate with the large-scale coupled system. Other kinds of atmospheric variability not related to the MJO can also produce interannual anomalies in the hybrid models. However, when projected on the characteristics of Kelvin waves, no clear correlation between its low-frequency content and its intraseasonal activity was found. This suggests that understanding the mechanisms by which the intraseasonal MJO interacts with the ocean to modulate its low-frequency content may help to better to predict ENSO variability. C1 [Zavala-Garay, J.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Zhang, C.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Moore, A. M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Wittenberg, A. T.; Harrison, M. J.; Rosati, A.] Princeton Univ, GFDL, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Vialard, Jerome] Univ Paris, CNRS, LODYC, Unite Mixte Rech, F-75252 Paris, France. [Kleeman, R.] NYU, Courant Inst Math Sci, New York, NY USA. RP Zavala-Garay, J (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM jzavala@marine.rutgers.edu RI Vialard, Jerome/C-2809-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Vialard, Jerome/0000-0001-6876-3766; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 NR 75 TC 23 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 15 BP 3704 EP 3721 DI 10.1175/2007JCLI1188.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333YS UT WOS:000258190100006 ER PT J AU Yang, S Zhang, ZQ Kousky, VE Higgins, RW Yoo, SH Liang, JY Fan, Y AF Yang, Song Zhang, Zuqiang Kousky, Vernon E. Higgins, R. Wayne Yoo, Soo-Hyun Liang, Jianyin Fan, Yun TI Simulations and seasonal prediction of the Asian summer monsoon in the NCEP Climate Forecast System SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; HORIZONTAL RESOLUTION; GAUGE OBSERVATIONS; INDIAN-OCEAN; PACIFIC SST; ENSO; MODEL; PRECIPITATION; VARIABILITY; PREDICTABILITY AB Analysis of the retrospective ensemble predictions (hindcasts) of the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFS) indicates that the model successfully simulates many major features of the Asian summer monsoon including the climatology and interannual variability of major precipitation centers and atmospheric circulation systems. The model captures the onset of the monsoon better than the retreat of the monsoon, and it simulates the seasonal march of monsoon rainfall over Southeast Asia more realistically than that over South Asia. The CFS predicts the major dynamical monsoon indices and monsoon precipitation patterns several months in advance. It also depicts the interactive oceanic-atmospheric processes associated with the precipitation anomalies reasonably well at different time leads. Overall, the skill of monsoon prediction by the CFS mainly comes from the impact of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The CFS produces weaker-than-observed large-scale monsoon circulation, due partially to the cold bias over the Asian continent. It tends to overemphasize the relationship between ENSO and the Asian monsoon, as well as the impact of ENSO on the Asian and Indo-Pacific climate. A higher-resolution version of the CFS (T126) captures the climatology and variability of the Asian monsoon more realistically than does the current resolution version (T62). The largest improvement occurs in the simulations of precipitation near the Tibetan Plateau and over the tropical Indian Ocean associated with the zonal dipole mode structure. The analysis suggests that NCEP's next operational model may perform better in simulating and predicting the monsoon climate over Asia and the Indo-Pacific Oceans. C1 [Zhang, Zuqiang] CMA, Natl Climate Ctr, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. [Yang, Song; Kousky, Vernon E.; Higgins, R. Wayne] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Yoo, Soo-Hyun; Fan, Yun] Climate Predict Ctr, RS Informat Syst, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Liang, Jianyin] China Meteorol Adm, Inst Trop & Marine Meteorol, Guangzhou, Peoples R China. RP Zhang, ZQ (reprint author), CMA, Natl Climate Ctr, 46 Zhongguancun Nandajie, Beijing 100081, Peoples R China. EM zhangzq@cma.gov.cn RI Yang, Song/B-4952-2009 NR 49 TC 86 Z9 89 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 15 BP 3755 EP 3775 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI1961.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 333YS UT WOS:000258190100009 ER PT J AU Li, J Sorooshian, S Higgins, W Gao, X Imam, B Hsu, K AF Li, J. Sorooshian, S. Higgins, W. Gao, X. Imam, B. Hsu, K. TI Influence of spatial resolution on diurnal variability during the North American monsoon SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 27th Conference on Hurricanes and Tropical Meteorology CY APR 24-28, 2006 CL Monterey, CA SP Amer Meteorol Soc ID WARM-SEASON PRECIPITATION; RAIN-GAUGE NETWORK; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; MEXICAN MONSOON; SUMMER PRECIPITATION; UNITED-STATES; PART I; MODEL; SYSTEM; NAME AB Diurnal variability is an important yet poorly understood aspect of the warm-season precipitation regime over southwestern North America. In an effort to improve its understanding, diurnal variability is investigated numerically using the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University (PSU)-NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5). The goal herein is to determine the possible influence of spatial resolution on the diurnal cycle. The model is initialized every 48 h using the operational NCEP Eta Model 212 grid (40 km) model analysis. Model simulations are carried out at horizontal resolutions of both 9 and 3 km. Overall, the model reproduces the basic features of the diurnal cycle of rainfall over the core monsoon region of northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States. In particular, the model captures the diurnal amplitude and phase, with heavier rainfall at high elevations along the Sierra Madre Occidental in the early afternoon that shifts to lower elevations along the west slopes in the evening. A comparison to observations (gauge and radar data) shows that the high-resolution (3 km) model generates better rainfall distributions on time scales from monthly to hourly than the coarse-resolution (9 km) model, especially along the west slopes of the Sierra Madre Occidental. The model has difficulty with nighttime rainfall along the slopes, over the Gulf of California, and over Arizona. A comparison of surface wind data from three NCAR Integrated Sounding System (ISS) stations and the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) to the model reveals a low bias in the strength of the Gulf of California low-level jet, even at high resolution. The model results indicate that outflow from convection over northwestern Mexico can modulate the low-level jet, though the extent to which these relationships occur in nature was not investigated. C1 [Li, J.; Sorooshian, S.; Gao, X.; Imam, B.; Hsu, K.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, CHRS, Irvine, CA 92967 USA. [Higgins, W.] NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Sorooshian, S (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, CHRS, Irvine, CA 92967 USA. EM soroosh@uci.edu RI sorooshian, soroosh/B-3753-2008 OI sorooshian, soroosh/0000-0001-7774-5113 NR 37 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 21 IS 16 BP 3967 EP 3988 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2022.1 PG 22 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 339IV UT WOS:000258572200003 ER PT J AU Reppond, K Rugolo, L de Oliveira, ACM AF Reppond, Kermit Rugolo, Louis de Oliveira, Alexandra C. M. TI Change in biochemical composition during development of snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, embryos SO JOURNAL OF CRUSTACEAN BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chionoecetes opilio; embryonic development; fatty acid; lipid; snow crab ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; LARVAL DEVELOPMENT; MACROBRACHIUM-ROSENBERGII; PALAEMON-SERRATUS; LIPID-COMPOSITION; ENRICHED ARTEMIA; DEVELOPING EGGS; DECAPODA; BROODSTOCK; PERFORMANCE AB Adult oveigerous female snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio, were obtained approximately bimonthly from the eastern Bering Sea for embryonic sampling and biometric information. Biochemical analysis of embryo samples included determination of moisture, ash, total lipid, protein content, fatty acid profile, and lipid profile. Moisture increased as the embryos matured. Protein content remained unchanged, ash content increased, and lipid content decreased on a dry weight basis coincident with embryonic development indicating that lipids were the main energy source of developing embryos. The utilization of saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acid categories during development was similar but individual fatty acids within each category varied considerably. Over 75% of the C14:0, C18:4(n-3), and C20:1(n-11) fatty acids were consumed during the embryonic development from nauplius to pre-hatch while C22:5(n-3), C20:5(n-3), and C18:1(n-9)cis fatty acids were utilized at 49%, 57%, and 48% respectively. Docosahexaenoic acid, DHA, C22:6(n-3), was among the least utilized fatty acid at 36%. Forward stepwise general discriminant analysis of fatty acid profiles indicated that determination of fatty acid profiles could be used to distinguish between embryos at the nauplius stage and the prehatching stage of development but not among embryos at intermediate stages. Triacylglycerides provided the energy source during development. This research highlights the potential nutrient requirements critical to early life-history development of Bering Sea snow crabs. C1 [Reppond, Kermit] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Rugolo, Louis] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Kodiak Fishery Res Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. Univ Alaska, Fishery Ind Technol Ctr, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. RP Reppond, K (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM kermit.d.reppond@noaa.gov; lou.rugolo@noaa.gov; ffamo@uaf.edu NR 48 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRUSTACEAN SOC PI SAN ANTONIO PA 840 EAST MULBERRY, SAN ANTONIO, TX 78212 USA SN 0278-0372 J9 J CRUSTACEAN BIOL JI J. Crustac. Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 28 IS 3 BP 519 EP 527 DI 10.1651/07-2862R1.1 PG 9 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 329UQ UT WOS:000257896500012 ER PT J AU Barry, KP Condrey, RE Driggers, WB Jones, CM AF Barry, K. P. Condrey, R. E. Driggers, W. B., III Jones, C. M. TI Feeding ecology and growth of neonate and juvenile blacktip sharks Carcharhinus limbatus in the Timbalier-Terrebone Bay complex, LA, USA SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE diel feeding patterns; diet; menhaden; nursery area ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; LIFE-HISTORY; SPHYRNA-LEWINI; UNITED-STATES; NURSERY; AGE; FISHES AB Stomach contents and vertebrae from neonate and juvenile blacktip sharks Carcharhinus limbatus (n = 334) were examined to describe their diet, feeding patterns and growth within the Timbalier-Terrebone Bay complex, LA, U.S.A. In the study area, both neonate and juvenile C. limbatus feed primarily on gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus. However, based on the index of relative importance (I(RI)), gulf menhaden constituted a larger portion of the diet of neonates (84.05 %I(RI)) than for juveniles (47.91 %I(RI)). An increase in the index of relative fullness between the afternoon and dusk time intervals and a large decrease in the percentage of empty stomachs between the night and early morning time intervals suggested that these fish exhibited a diel feeding pattern with crepuscular periods being the times of highest feeding activity. A higher percentage of empty stomachs (neonates 68% and juveniles 39%) and a significantly lower growth rate (age 0+ year C. limbatus, 0.62 mm day(-1); age 1+ year fish, 0.89 mm day(-1)) could indicate that neonate C. limbatus are less efficient predators than older conspecifics. Journal compilation (C) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 [Driggers, W. B., III; Jones, C. M.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. [Barry, K. P.; Condrey, R. E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. RP Barry, KP (reprint author), SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Mississippi Labs, 3209 Freder St, Pascagoula, MS 39567 USA. EM kevin.barry@noaa.gov NR 32 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 2 U2 13 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 73 IS 3 BP 650 EP 662 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01963.x PG 13 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 333RK UT WOS:000258169800013 ER PT J AU Gallucci, VF Foy, RJ O'Brien, SM Aires-Da-Silva, A Nesse, H Langseth, B Vega, N Taylor, I Goldman, KJ AF Gallucci, V. F. Foy, R. J. O'Brien, S. M. Aires-da-Silva, A. Nesse, H. Langseth, B. Vega, N. Taylor, I. Goldman, K. J. TI Information from a pregnant salmon shark Lamna ditropis in the eastern North Pacific with observations on oophagous reproduction SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE eastern North Pacific; Lamna ditropis; salmon shark ID PORBEAGLE SHARK; BIOLOGY; GROWTH; NASUS; OCEAN AB A pregnant salmon shark Lamna ditropis, captured in Alaska in December 2006, held two male and two female oophagous embryos (two per uterus) nourished by a single large 7.5 kg ovary. This discovery provides new data and insights into reproduction of the species and new perspective on the genus Lamna. (C) 2008 The Authors Journal compilation (C) 2008 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles. C1 [Gallucci, V. F.; O'Brien, S. M.; Aires-da-Silva, A.; Nesse, H.; Langseth, B.; Vega, N.; Taylor, I.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Foy, R. J.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Sch Fisheries & Ocean Sci, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Foy, R. J.] NOAA Fisheries, Kodiak Lab, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Goldman, K. J.] Alaska Dept Fish & Game, Homer, AK 99603 USA. RP Gallucci, VF (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Box 3555020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM vgallucc@u.washington.edu NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 73 IS 3 BP 732 EP 739 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.01951.x PG 8 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 333RK UT WOS:000258169800020 ER PT J AU Huang, BY Xue, Y Behringer, DW AF Huang, Boyin Xue, Yan Behringer, David W. TI Impacts of argo salinity in NCEP global ocean data assimilation system: The tropical Indian ocean SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SURFACE CURRENTS; ENSO PREDICTION; PACIFIC-OCEAN; DIPOLE MODE; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION; VALIDATION; LAYER AB Salinity profiles collected by the International Argo Project ( International Argo Project data are available at http://argo.jcommops.org) since 2000 provide us an unprecedented opportunity to study impacts of salinity data on the quality of ocean analysis, which has been hampered by a lack of salinity observations historically. The operational Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) developed at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) assimilates temperature and synthetic salinity profiles that were constructed from temperature and a local T-S climatology. In this study, we assess impacts of replacing synthetic salinity by Argo salinity on the quality of the GODAS ocean analysis with a focus on the tropical Indian Ocean. The study was based on two global ocean analyses for 2001 - 2006 with (NCEP_Argo) and without (NCEP_Std) inclusion of Argo salinity. The quality of the ocean analyses was estimated by comparing them with various independent observations such as the surface current data from drifters, the salinity data from the Triangle Trans-Ocean Buoy Network moorings, and the sea surface height (SSH) data from satellite altimeters. We found that by assimilating Argo salinity, the biases in the salinity analysis were reduced by 0.6 practical salinity units (psu) in the eastern tropical Indian Ocean and by 1 psu in the Bay of Bengal. Associated with these salinity changes, the zonal current increased by 30 - 40 cm s(-1) toward the east in the central equatorial Indian Ocean during the winter seasons. When verified against drifter currents, the biases of the annually averaged zonal current in the tropical Indian Ocean were reduced by 5 - 10 cm s(-1), and the root-mean-square error of surface zonal current was reduced by 2 - 5 cm s(-1). The SSH biases were reduced by 3 cm in the tropical Indian Ocean, the Bay of Bengal, and the Arabian Sea. These results suggest that the Argo salinity plays a critical role in improving salinity analysis, which in turn contributed to improved surface current and sea surface height analyses. C1 [Huang, Boyin; Xue, Yan] NOAA, CPC, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Behringer, David W.] NOAA, EMC, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Huang, Boyin] NOAA, Wyle Informat Syst CPC, NCEP, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Huang, BY (reprint author), NOAA, CPC, NCEP, WWB Room 605-A,5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM boyin.huang@noaa.gov NR 41 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD AUG 1 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C8 AR C08002 DI 10.1029/2007JC004388 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 333MD UT WOS:000258155700002 ER PT J AU Rutter, N Cline, D Li, L AF Rutter, Nick Cline, Don Li, Long TI Evaluation of the NOHRSC snow model (NSM) in a one-dimensional mode SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID NORTHERN GREAT-PLAINS; ENERGY-BALANCE; ALPINE SITE; SIMULATION; FOREST; COVER; EXTENT; DEPTH; WATER; HEAT AB The National Operational Hydrologic Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC) Snow Model (NSM) is an energy- and mass-balance model used by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Weather Service for moderate-resolution spatially distributed snow analysis and data assimilation over the United States. The NSM was evaluated in a one-dimensional mode using meteorological and snowpit observations from five sites in Colorado collected during 2002-03. Four parameters estimated by the NSM [snow water equivalent (SWE), snow depth, average snowpack temperature, and snow surface temperature] were compared with snowpit observations and with estimates from another snow energy and mass-balance model, SNTHERM. Root-mean-squared differences (RMSDs) between snowpit SWE observations (January-June) at all sites and estimates from the NSM were about 11% (RMSD = 0.073 m) of the average maximum observed SWE from all sites of 0.694 m. SNTHERM exhibited only a slightly better agreement (RMSD = 0.066 m). During the winter and early spring period before snowpacks became isothermal at 273.15 K, both NSM and SNTHERM simulated significantly cooler average snowpack temperatures than observed (RMSD = 3 and 2 K, respectively). During this snow accumulation period estimates of SWE by both models were very similar. Differences in modeled SWE were traced to short periods (5-21 days) during isothermal conditions in early spring when the two models diverged. These events caused SWE differences that persisted throughout the ablation period and resulted in a range in melt-out times of 0.2-7.2 days between depth observations and modeled estimates. The divergence in SWE resulted from differences in snowmelt fluxes estimated by the two models, which are suggested to result from 1) liquid water fractions within a snowpack being estimated by the NSM using an internal energy method and by SNTHERM using a semiempirical temperature-based approach, and 2) SNTHERM, but not the NSM, accounting for the small liquid water fraction that coexists in equilibrium with snow when the snowpack surface is dry (<273.15 K). C1 [Rutter, Nick; Cline, Don; Li, Long] NOHRSC, Chanhassen, MN USA. RP Rutter, N (reprint author), Univ Sheffield, Dept Geog, Sheffield S10 2TN, S Yorkshire, England. EM n.rutter@sheffield.ac.uk RI Rutter, Nick/F-6998-2014 OI Rutter, Nick/0000-0002-5008-3575 NR 34 TC 19 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 9 IS 4 BP 695 EP 711 DI 10.1175/2008JHM861.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 337QQ UT WOS:000258451000006 ER PT J AU Iunin, YL Kabanov, YP Nikitenko, VI Cheng, XM Chien, CL Shapiro, AJ Shull, RD AF Iunin, Y. L. Kabanov, Y. P. Nikitenko, V. I. Cheng, X. M. Chien, C. L. Shapiro, A. J. Shull, R. D. TI Magnetic field dependence of asymmetry in the magnetization reversal of ultrathin Co films and Co/Pt multilayers with perpendicular anisotropy SO JOURNAL OF MAGNETISM AND MAGNETIC MATERIALS LA English DT Article DE ultrathin cobalt film; Co/Pt multilayers; perpendicular magnetic anisotropy; asymmetry; domain wall ID FERROMAGNETIC-FILMS; SKYRMION AB We studied the magnetization reversal in ultrathin [Co/Pt](n) films (n = 1, 2, and 4) using magneto-optical Kerr microscopy. These materials demonstrate unusual asymmetries in the activity of nucleation centers and domain wall motion. It was found that application of very high holding magnetic field prior to magnetization reversal, exceeding some critical value much larger than the apparent saturation field, suppresses the subsequent 'asymmetric' nucleation centers, activity. We revealed that the 'asymmetric' nucleation centers become active again after subsequent reversal cycles coming from a smaller holding field and studied how the asymmetry returns with the decrease of applied holding field. It was found that in low-coercivity ultrathin Co films, the asymmetry in domain wall velocity decreased sharply with the applied field increase and disappeared when the reversal field is greater than mu(0)H = 1.5 mT. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Iunin, Y. L.; Kabanov, Y. P.; Nikitenko, V. I.] Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. [Nikitenko, V. I.; Cheng, X. M.; Chien, C. L.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA. [Nikitenko, V. I.; Shapiro, A. J.; Shull, R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Iunin, YL (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State Phys, Chernogolovka 142432, Moscow Region, Russia. EM iunin@issp.ac.ru RI Cheng, Xuemei/D-2388-2010; Shull, Robert/F-5971-2013; OI Cheng, Xuemei/0000-0001-6670-4316; Iunin, Yury/0000-0003-2864-9867 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-8853 J9 J MAGN MAGN MATER JI J. Magn. Magn. Mater. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 320 IS 15 BP 2044 EP 2048 DI 10.1016/j.jmmm.2008.02.186 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 301LR UT WOS:000255898200006 ER PT J AU Hernandez-Camacho, CJ Aurioles-Gamboa, D Laake, J Gerber, LR AF Hernandez-Camacho, Claudia J. Aurioles-Gamboa, David Laake, Jeffri Gerber, Leah R. TI Survival rates of the California sea lion, Zalophus californianus, in Mexico SO JOURNAL OF MAMMALOGY LA English DT Article DE demography; mark-recapture; survival probabilities ID SOUTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS; ANTARCTIC FUR SEALS; GULF-OF-CALIFORNIA; MIROUNGA-LEONINA; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; LOS-ISLOTES; HOT-IRON; ROE DEER; MORTALITY; MAMMALS AB California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in the Gulf of California have declined by 20% over the past 2 decades. The lack of data on life-history parameters for this species has limited the development of demographic models to assess the status of this population. We estimated age- and sex-specific annual survival probabilities for California sea lions using resighting data on 5 pup cohorts from 1981 to 2006. We modeled apparent survival and resighting probability using age-class, sex, and time as potential explanatory variables. Apparent survival rates varied for different age- and sex-classes. Only survival of pups varied by year (from 0.556 to 0.998). Survival was the same for immature males and females (0.90), but differed by sex for young (males = 0.90, females = 0.97) and old (males = 0.75, females = 0.91) adults. Resighting probabilities varied by time, age-class, and sex. Resighting probabilities were higher for females than for males, and lowest for juveniles. The survival estimates presented here provide practical insight into understanding age- and sex-specific survival rates for California sea lions. C1 [Gerber, Leah R.] Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Hernandez-Camacho, Claudia J.; Aurioles-Gamboa, David] Inst Politecn Nacl, Ctr Interdisciplinario Ciencias Marinas, Lab Ecol Pinnipedos Burney J Le Boeuf, La Paz 23096, Baja Calif Sur, Mexico. [Laake, Jeffri] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hernandez-Camacho, CJ (reprint author), Arizona State Univ, Sch Life Sci, POB 874601, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. EM claudia.j.hernandez@asu.edu FU Comision nacional Para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad [H081]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [26430-N]; Instituto Politecnico Nacional Direccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investioacion [968013]; Secretaria de Educacion Publica Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia [22004-C01-46086]; Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia; National Science Foundation [0347960]; Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales [240996-213-03, DOO 750-4172/97, DOO 750-4443/98, NUM/SGPA/DGVS 04311, 04160, 05325, 03269] FX We are grateful for funding provided by Comision nacional Para el conocimiento y uso de la biodiversidad (H081), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (26430-N), Instituto Politecnico Nacional Direccion de Estudios de Posgrado e Investioacion (968013). Secretaria de Educacion Publica Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (22004-C01-46086), and a grant to CJH-C from Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia and to LRG from the National Science Foundation (Animal Behavior, Biological Oceanography, and International Programs: award 0347960). This study was conducted Under research permits Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales 240996-213-03, DOO 750-4172/97, DOO 750.-4443/98, NUM/SGPA/DGVS 04311, 04160. 05325, and 03269. We thank J. Forcada and D. Croll for their help with data analysis and contribution to an earlier version of this manuscript. S. Melin, K. McGraw, D. Pearson, R. DeLong, and staff of the Gerber laboratory provided insightful comments on the Manuscript. We also thank C. D'Agrosa for assistance with Fig. 1. NR 58 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 20 PU ALLIANCE COMMUNICATIONS GROUP DIVISION ALLEN PRESS PI LAWRENCE PA 810 EAST 10TH STREET, LAWRENCE, KS 66044 USA SN 0022-2372 J9 J MAMMAL JI J. Mammal. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 89 IS 4 BP 1059 EP 1066 DI 10.1644/07-MAMM-A-404.1 PG 8 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 342DO UT WOS:000258765000027 ER PT J AU Wong-Ng, W Levin, I Ritter, J Cook, LP Liu, G Otani, M Vaudin, M Lucas, C Diwanji, SP Feenstra, R AF Wong-Ng, W. Levin, I. Ritter, J. Cook, L. P. Liu, G. Otani, M. Vaudin, M. Lucas, C. Diwanji, S. P. Feenstra, R. TI Phase evolution in Ba-(Nd,Eu,Gd)-Cu-O-coated conductor films SO JOURNAL OF MATERIALS RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID CARBONATE-FREE CONDITIONS; CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; PO(2)=100 PA; P(O2)=100 PA; SUPERCONDUCTORS; T=810-DEGREES-C; DEPOSITION; SYSTEMS; PROGRESS; KPA AB Phases that are in equilibrium with BaR2CuO6+x (R = lanthanides and Y), such as the "green-phase" and "brown-phase" structural variants of BaR2CuO5 in bulk samples, are attractive choices for flux-pinning for coated conductor applications because of the guaranteed chemical stability. In films, high-temperature x-ray diffraction studies of Ba2RCu3O6+x superconductor deposited on SrTiO3 substrate using the trifluoroacetate solution method demonstrate that while BaNd2CuO5 ("brown-phase" structure) develops at 735 degrees C and 100 Pa (pO2), neither BaGd2CuO5 nor Ba(Nd1/3Eu1/3Gd1/3)(2)CuO5 (both green-phase structure) form at these conditions. As a result, Ba-2(Nd1/3Eu1/3Gd1/3)Cu3O6+x in thin films is in equilibrium with the brown-phase, and Ba2GdCu3O6+x is in equilibrium with Gd2O3 in the Ba-Gd-Cu-O system, in contrast to the bulk systems. Different phase relationships in the vicinity of the Ba2RCu3O6+x phase imply different phases are available for flux-pinning applications. These differences will need to be considered carefully in designing optimized superconducting coated conductors. C1 [Wong-Ng, W.; Levin, I.; Ritter, J.; Cook, L. P.; Liu, G.; Otani, M.; Vaudin, M.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lucas, C.; Diwanji, S. P.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Feenstra, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov RI Levin, Igor/F-8588-2010 NR 20 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 6 PU MATERIALS RESEARCH SOC PI WARRENDALE PA 506 KEYSTONE DR, WARRENDALE, PA 15086 USA SN 0884-2914 J9 J MATER RES JI J. Mater. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 23 IS 8 BP 2067 EP 2071 DI 10.1557/JMR.2008.0273 PG 5 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA 334SG UT WOS:000258240900004 ER PT J AU Jahn, A Reiner, JE Vreeland, WN DeVoe, DL Locascio, LE Gaitan, M AF Jahn, Andreas Reiner, Joseph E. Vreeland, Wyatt N. DeVoe, Don L. Locascio, Laurie E. Gaitan, Michael TI Preparation of nanoparticles by continuous-flow microfluidics SO JOURNAL OF NANOPARTICLE RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE nanoparticles; continuous flow microfluidics; particle formation; liposomes; emulsions; metal colloids; nanomanufacturing ID CDSE NANOCRYSTALS; DROPLET FORMATION; INJECTION METHOD; DRUG-RESISTANCE; CONTRAST AGENTS; LIPID VESICLES; CANCER-THERAPY; QUANTUM DOTS; LIPOSOMES; SIZE AB We review a variety of micro- and nanoparticle formulations produced with microfluidic methods. A diverse variety of approaches to generate microscale and nanoscale particles has been reported. Here we emphasize the use of microfluidics, specifically microfluidic systems that operate in a continuous flow mode, thereby allowing continuous generation of desired particle formulations. The generation of semiconductor quantum dots, metal colloids, emulsions, and liposomes is considered. To emphasize the potential benefits of the continuous-flow microfluidic methodology for nanoparticle generation, preliminary data on the size distribution of liposomes formed using the microfluidic approach is compared to the traditional bulk alcohol injection method. C1 [Jahn, Andreas; Reiner, Joseph E.; Vreeland, Wyatt N.; DeVoe, Don L.; Locascio, Laurie E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jahn, Andreas; DeVoe, Don L.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Jahn, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andreas.jahn@nist.gov RI DeVoe, Don/A-2891-2011; Reiner, Joseph/B-7893-2013; OI DeVoe, Don/0000-0002-7740-9993; Reiner, Joseph/0000-0002-1056-8703 NR 64 TC 90 Z9 93 U1 6 U2 80 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1388-0764 J9 J NANOPART RES JI J. Nanopart. Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 925 EP 934 DI 10.1007/s11051-007-9340-5 PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science GA 315WW UT WOS:000256911900003 ER PT J AU Kawai, H Hanyuda, T Lindeberg, M Lindstrom, SC AF Kawai, Hiroshi Hanyuda, Takeaki Lindeberg, Mandy Lindstrom, Sandra C. TI Morphology and molecular phylogeny of Aureophycus aleuticus gen. et sp nov (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) from the Aleutian Islands SO JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Aleutian Islands; Aureophycus aleuticus gen. et sp nov.; ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA; Laminariales; molecular phylogeny; nad6; Phaeophyceae; rbcL ID LIFE-HISTORY; NORTH PACIFIC; SYSTEMATIC POSITION; RHODOPHYTA; SUBSTITUTION; TAXONOMY; AMERICA; ALASKA; MODEL; JAPAN AB A previously unknown species of kelp was collected on Kagamil Island, Aleutian Islands. The species can be easily distinguished from any known laminarialean alga: the erect sporophytic thallus is composed of a thin lanceolate blade attaining similar to 2 m in height and similar to 0.50 m in width, without midrib, and the edge of the blade at the transition zone is thickened to form a V-shape; the stipe is solid and flattened, slightly translucent, attaining similar to 1 m in length; the holdfast is semidiscoidal and up to 0.15 m in diameter. Anatomically, the blade has the typical trumpet-shaped hyphae characteristic of the Chordaceae and derived foliose laminarialean species (i.e., Alariaceae/Laminariaceae/Lessoniaceae). No hair pits or mucilaginous structures were observed on the blade or stipe. No fertile sporophytes were collected, but abundant juvenile sporophytes were observed in the field. In the molecular phylogenetic analyses using chloroplast rbcL gene, nuclear ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA, and mitochondria nad6 DNA sequences, the new species (Aureophycus aleuticus gen. et sp. nov.) showed a closer relationship with Alariaceae of conventional taxonomy, or the "Group 1" clade of Lane et al. (2006) including Alaria and related taxa than with other groups, although the species was not clearly included in the group. Aureophycus may be a key species in elucidating the evolution of the Alariaceae within the Laminariales. Because of the lack of information on reproductive organs and insufficient resolution of the molecular analyses, we refrain from assigning the new species to a family, but we place the new species in a new genus in the Laminariales. C1 [Kawai, Hiroshi; Hanyuda, Takeaki] Kobe Univ, Res Ctr Inland Seas, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. [Lindeberg, Mandy] Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Auke Bay Labs, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Lindstrom, Sandra C.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Bot & Herbarium, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada. RP Kawai, H (reprint author), Kobe Univ, Res Ctr Inland Seas, Kobe, Hyogo 6578501, Japan. EM kawai@kobe-u.ac.jp NR 56 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 9 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-3646 J9 J PHYCOL JI J. Phycol. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 44 IS 4 BP 1013 EP 1021 DI 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2008.00548.x PG 9 WC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Plant Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 332QU UT WOS:000258099000020 PM 27041620 ER PT J AU Zhang, H Litaker, W Vandersea, MW Tester, P Lin, SJ AF Zhang, Huan Litaker, Wayne Vandersea, Mark W. Tester, Patricia Lin, Senjie TI Geographic distribution of Karlodinium veneficum in the US east coast as detected by ITS-ferredoxin real-time PCR assay SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID MITOCHONDRIAL CYTOCHROME-B; PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA; GYRODINIUM-GALATHEANUM; MICRUM DINOPHYCEAE; NOV DINOPHYCEAE; GEN. NOV; DINOFLAGELLATE; SHUMWAYAE; SEQUENCE; PIGMENTATION AB Karlodinium veneficum is an ichthyotoxic dinoflagellate suspected to be responsible for massive fish kills. Because it is morphologically similar to Pfiesteria and related dinoflagellates, accurate abundance data of K. veneficum in the natural environment are difficult to obtain using light microscopy. In this study, species-specific real-time PCR assays were developed using the ferredoxin gene (KvFERR) and rDNA locus (partial internal transcribed spacer regions and 5.8S rDNA, KvITS). These assays were used to investigate the geographic and temporal distribution of K. veneficum from various estuaries and coastal regions of the Pacific and West Atlantic Oceans. In general, both genes gave similar quantitative results, detecting down to 0.1-1 K. veneficum cells mL(-1). The higher occurrence frequency and abundance of K. veneficum were observed in Neuse River, North Carolina, Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island and Chesapeake Bay, MD, USA. Most of the KvITS sequences from North Carolina to Maine were identical to that of K. veneficum strain CCMP1975 (initially isolated from Chesapeake Bay), with 1-2 nucleotide substitutions occurring in sequences from Texas and Narragansett Bay samples. This result suggests the same origin and recent separation of K. veneficum populations living in this wide geographic range. In this study, K. veneficum was more abundant at 5-15 degrees C and 4-20 psu. C1 [Zhang, Huan; Lin, Senjie] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Litaker, Wayne; Vandersea, Mark W.; Tester, Patricia] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Lin, Senjie] Chinese Acad Sci, S China Sea Inst Oceanol, LMB, Guangzhou 510301, Guangdong, Peoples R China. RP Lin, SJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM senjie.lin@uconn.edu RI Guo, chentao/G-7320-2016 NR 56 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 5 U2 16 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 30 IS 8 BP 905 EP 922 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbn047 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 335YK UT WOS:000258331300005 ER PT J AU Baranov, YI Lafferty, WJ Ma, Q Tipping, RH AF Baranov, Yu. I. Lafferty, W. J. Ma, Q. Tipping, R. H. TI Water-vapor continuum absorption in the 800-1250 cm(-1) spectral region at temperatures from 311 to 363 K SO JOURNAL OF QUANTITATIVE SPECTROSCOPY & RADIATIVE TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE water-vapor absorption spectra; MT_CKD continuum; atmospheric absorption ID COORDINATE REPRESENTATION; INFRARED-SPECTRUM; DENSITY-MATRIX; LINE-SHAPES; MIXTURES; WINDOW; H2O; MU; RADIATION AB About 200 pure water-vapor spectra covering the region from 800 to 3500 cm(-1) were recorded with resolution of 0.1 cm(-1) at temperatures 311, 318, 325,339, 352,and 363 K using a 2 m base White cell coupled to the BOMEM DA3.002 FTIR spectrometer. The water-vapor pressure varied from 28 to 151 mbar (21-113 Torr). Under these conditions, the continuum absorbance is quite measurable with the available path lengths up to 116 m. A program was developed for spectral processing that calculates, fits, and removes ro-vibrational structure from the spectrum. The spectra obtained were used to retrieve averaged and smoothed binary absorption coefficients over the region from 800 to 1250 cm(-1). Our continuum data extrapolated to room temperature are in reasonable agreement with the MT_CKD continuum model. But at higher temperatures the MT_CKD model provides very low values, which are up to 50% less than those experimentally measured. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Baranov, Yu. I.; Lafferty, W. J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ma, Q.] Columbia Univ, Dept Appl Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ma, Q.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Inst Space Studies, New York, NY 10025 USA. [Tipping, R. H.] Univ Alabama, Dept Phys & Astron, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA. RP Lafferty, WJ (reprint author), NIST, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Walter.Lafferty@nist.gov NR 36 TC 33 Z9 43 U1 1 U2 5 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-4073 J9 J QUANT SPECTROSC RA JI J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. PD AUG-SEP PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12-13 BP 2291 EP 2302 DI 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2008.03.004 PG 12 WC Optics; Spectroscopy SC Optics; Spectroscopy GA 330TT UT WOS:000257966400012 ER PT J AU Siddiqui, G Ayub, Z Sunila, I AF Siddiqui, Ghazala Ayub, Zarrien Sunila, Inke TI Prospect of oyster culture in Pakistan: Pathology assessment of two commercially important oyster species SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Oyster culture; pathology; Crassostrea helcheri; Ostrea nomades ID HAPLOSPORIDIUM-NELSONI MSX; CRASSOSTREA-GIGAS; NEMATOPSIS-OSTREARUM; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; PACIFIC OYSTER; FINE-STRUCTURE; SP-NOV; POROSPORIDAE; APICOMPLEXA; VIRGINICA AB Nine different species of oysters belonging to the genera Crassostrea, Saccostrea, and Ostrea occur naturally along Pakistan's coastline in the northern Arabian Sea. At the present time. no commercial harvesting or hatchery culture of oyster, exists in Pakistan. The world's oyster aquaculture industry is seriously affected by diseases caused by parasites, such as Bonamia ostrea in the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis, and Haplosporidium nelsoni or Perkinsus marinus in the Eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica. Pathogens may be endemic or recently introduced and may cause epizootic mortalities and catastrophic economic losses. To evaluate if there are parasites or diseases if Pakistan's oysters that could limit prospective aquaculture development. histopathological analyses were performed on two oyster species, Ostrea nomades and Crassostea helcheri. Oysters were sampled year-around, and fixed and processed for histology. Slides (217 cases for O. nomades and 76 cases for C. helcheri) were examined for the presence of parasites or pathological changes. Ostrea nomades was infected by a protozoan parasite, Nematopsis sp. Sneider, 1892 (Apicomplexa, Porosporidae). at 67%, prevalence, and C. helcheri at 1.3% prevalence. Nematopsis spp. did not induce pathological changes in the oysters. Stegotricha-like ciliates (Thigmotrichida. Ancistrocomidae) were present in the stomachs of O. nomade with a prevalence of 1%, and 25% of C. helcheri presented ceroid deposits in their tissues. Historically, Ostrea and Crassostrea genera have been associated with epizootic diseases, but in the present samples, no known, economically important parasites or diseases were found. Absence of any pathology in these samples projects a positive future for oyster aquaculture in Pakistan. These oyster populations should be protected from nonendemic bivalve importations, which Could transmit new parasites to these potentially susceptable, previously unexposed, native oysters. C1 [Siddiqui, Ghazala] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Siddiqui, Ghazala; Ayub, Zarrien] Univ Karachi, Ctr Excellence Marine Biol, Karachi 75270, Pakistan. [Sunila, Inke] Bur Aquaculture, Dept Agr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Siddiqui, G (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, Milford, CT 06460 USA. EM ghazala_siddiqui@hotmail.com NR 37 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 795 EP 800 DI 10.2983/0730-8000(2008)27[795:POOCIP]2.0.CO;2 PG 6 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000016 ER PT J AU Choudhury, A Lundstrom, R Scott, G AF Choudhury, Arpita Lundstrom, Ronald Scott, Geoff TI Ploidy validation of Crassostrea ariakensis by quantitative polymerase chain reaction with nuclear and mitochondrial markers SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Choudhury, Arpita; Lundstrom, Ronald; Scott, Geoff] NOAA, NOS, CCEHBR, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 998 EP 998 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000081 ER PT J AU Chute, AS Hart, DR Wainright, SC AF Chute, Antonie S. Hart, Deborah R. Wainright, Samuel C. TI Verification of annual growth increments on the shells of Atlantic Sea scallops (Placopecten magellanicus) by stable isotopes and by tracking cohorts in fishery closure areas SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Chute, Antonie S.; Hart, Deborah R.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wainright, Samuel C.] US Coast Guard Acad, New London, CT 06320 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 998 EP 998 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000082 ER PT J AU Crawfordt, CR McMillen-Jackson, AL Steele, P Bert, TM AF Crawfordt, Charles R. McMillen-Jackson, Anne L. Steele, Phillip Bert, Theresa M. TI Effectiveness of bycatch reduction devices in roller frame trawls in the Florida shrimp fishery SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Crawfordt, Charles R.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [McMillen-Jackson, Anne L.; Bert, Theresa M.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, FWC, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Steele, Phillip] NOAA, St Petersburg, FL 33702 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 999 EP 999 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000087 ER PT J AU Day, G Taylor, R Anderson, DM Van Dolah, F Hickey, JM Whitaker, D AF Day, Geoffrey Taylor, Richard Anderson, Donald M. Van Dolah, Frances Hickey, J. Michael Whitaker, David TI Preliminary investigation of marine biotoxins in scallop tissues along the US northeast continental shelf SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Day, Geoffrey] Arnies Fisheries Inc, Seafood Res Associates, Bedford, MA 02740 USA. [Anderson, Donald M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Van Dolah, Frances] NOS, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC USA. [Hickey, J. Michael; Whitaker, David] Massachusetts Div Marine Fisheries, New Bedford, MA 02740 USA. [Taylor, Richard] Arnies Fisheries Inc, Www Seascallop Com, New Bedford, MA 02740 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1001 EP 1001 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000095 ER PT J AU Espinosa, EP Perrigault, M Shumway, SE Ward, JE Wikfors, G Allam, B AF Espinosa, Emmanuelle Pales Perrigault, Mickael Shumway, Sandra E. Ward, J. Evan Wikfors, Gary Allam, Bassem TI The sweet relationship between microalgae and Crassostrea virginica: Implication of carbohydrate and lectin interactions in particle selection in suspension feeding bivalves SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Espinosa, Emmanuelle Pales; Perrigault, Mickael; Allam, Bassem] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Shumway, Sandra E.; Ward, J. Evan] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wikfors, Gary] NOAA, Fisheries NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, NMFS, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1006 EP 1007 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000113 ER PT J AU Gallager, SM Taylor, R Vine, N York, AD Lerner, S Kit-Powell, H Mayer, L Auster, P Hart, D Fogarty, M Prashad, L AF Gallager, Scott M. Taylor, Richard Vine, Norman York, Amber D. Lerner, Steve Kit-Powell, Hauke Mayer, Larry Auster, Peter Hart, Dvora Fogarty, Michael Prashad, Lakshman TI The northeast bentho-pelagic observatory (NEBO) to support sea scallop fisheries and ecosystem approaches to management SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Gallager, Scott M.; York, Amber D.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Mayer, Larry] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Coastal Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Auster, Peter] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Auster, Peter] Univ Connecticut, Natl Undersea Res Ctr, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Hart, Dvora; Fogarty, Michael] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Prashad, Lakshman] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1010 EP 1010 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000125 ER PT J AU Goldberg, R Tettelbach, ST AF Goldberg, Ronald Tettelbach, Stephen T. TI The history and status of bay scallop, Argopecten irradians irradians, populations in Connecticut and New York SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Goldberg, Ronald] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Tettelbach, Stephen T.] Long Isl Univ, Dept Biol, Brookville, NY 11548 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1012 EP 1012 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000133 ER PT J AU Griffin, K AF Griffin, Kerry TI Restoration of a bypassed bivalve: Olympia oysters of the Pacific coast SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Griffin, Kerry] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1013 EP 1013 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000136 ER PT J AU Hancock, B Deangelis, B Turek, J Catena, J Lazar, N Taber, G Hudson, R AF Hancock, Boze Deangelis, Bryan Turek, James Catena, John Lazar, Najih Taber, George Hudson, Robert TI Scallop restoration in Rhode Island: North cape scallop restoration and beyond SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hancock, Boze] Global Marine Team, Nat Conservancy, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Catena, John] NOAA, Restorat Ctr, Narragansett, RI 02882 USA. [Lazar, Najih] Div Fish & Wildlife, RI Dept Environm Management, Wakefield, RI 02879 USA. [Taber, George] Block Isl Maritime Inst, Block Island, RI 02807 USA. [Hudson, Robert] Narragansett Bay, Save Bay, Providence, RI 02905 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1014 EP 1014 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000140 ER PT J AU Hart, DR Chute, AS AF Hart, Deborah R. Chute, Antonie S. TI Analysis of sea scallop (Placopecten magellanicus) growth from shell increment data using linear mixed-effects models SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hart, Deborah R.; Chute, Antonie S.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1015 EP 1015 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000142 ER PT J AU Hegaret, H Smolo-Witz, RI Wikfors, GH Defaver, J Walton, W Murphy, D Shumway, SE AF Hegaret, Helens Smolo-witz, Roxanna I. Wikfors, Gary H. Defaver, Jacquelin Walton, William Murphy, Diane Shumway, Sandra E. TI Effect of temperature on hemocyte responses of northern Quahogs (= hard clams, Mercenaria mercenaria) from different populations SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Hegaret, Helens; Shumway, Sandra E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Smolo-witz, Roxanna I.; Defaver, Jacquelin] Marine Biol Lab, MRC 213, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA, NMFS, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Walton, William; Murphy, Diane] Cape Cod Cooperat Extens, Barnstable, MA 02630 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1016 EP 1016 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000146 ER PT J AU Mackenzie, CL AF Mackenzie, Clyde L., Jr. TI The decline in landings of northern quahogs (Mercenaria mercenaria) in Great South Bay, New York, and recent increase in their landings SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Mackenzie, Clyde L., Jr.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, James J Howard Marine Sci Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1027 EP 1027 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000189 ER PT J AU Messick, G McLaughlin, S Jacobs, J Wood, R AF Messick, Gretchen McLaughlin, Shawn Jacobs, John Wood, Robert TI A biotic ecosystem assessment: Shellfish as indicators of ecosystem health SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Messick, Gretchen; McLaughlin, Shawn; Jacobs, John; Wood, Robert] NOAA, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1032 EP 1032 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000208 ER PT J AU Stiles, S Choromanski, J Jeffress, D AF Stiles, Sheila Choromanski, Joseph Jeffress, Dorothy TI An overview of bivalve genetics SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Stiles, Sheila; Choromanski, Joseph; Jeffress, Dorothy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, US Dept Commerce, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1053 EP 1054 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000289 ER PT J AU Wahle, RA Bergeron, CE Chute, A Jacobson, L Chen, Y AF Wahle, Richard A. Bergeron, Charlene E. Chute, Antonie Jacobson, Larry Chen, Yong TI The northwest Atlantic deep-sea red crab (Chaceon quinquedens) population before and after the onset of harvesting SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wahle, Richard A.; Bergeron, Charlene E.] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, W Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. [Chute, Antonie; Jacobson, Larry] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Chen, Yong] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1059 EP 1060 PG 2 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000310 ER PT J AU Wikfors, GH Hegaret, H Galimany, E Sunila, I Soudant, P Shumway, SE AF Wikfors, Gary H. Hegaret, Helene Galimany, Eve Sunila, Inke Soudant, Philippe Shumway, Sandra E. TI Hemocyte responses in bivalve molluscs exposed to harmful or toxic algae: Overview and preliminary synthesis SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Wikfors, Gary H.] NOAA Fisheries Serv, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Hegaret, Helene; Soudant, Philippe] IUEM, LEMAR, Brest, France. [Galimany, Eve] IRTA, San Carlos de la Rapita 43540, Spain. [Sunila, Inke] Bur Aquaculture, Dept Agr, Milford, CT 06460 USA. [Shumway, Sandra E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD AUG PY 2008 VL 27 IS 4 BP 1063 EP 1063 PG 1 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 339GL UT WOS:000258566000324 ER PT J AU West, DV McQueen, TM Huang, Q Cava, RJ AF West, D. V. McQueen, T. M. Huang, Q. Cava, R. J. TI Structural and magnetic properties of pyrochlore solid solutions (Y,Lu)(2)Ti2-x(Nb,Ta)(x)O-7 +/- y SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE reduced niobium; reduced titanium; magnetism; pyrochlore; oxygen deficient; oxygen excess ID REDUCED NIOBATES CALNNB(2)O(7); NB12O29; OXIDES AB The synthesis and characterization of the pyrochlore solid solutions, Y2Ti2-xNbxO7-y, Lu2Ti2-xNbxO7-y, Y2Ti2-xTaxO7-y and Lu2TiTaO7-y (-0.4 35.7) reaching 18 degrees W. This study clearly restores z- level models to a competitive status doing density current simulations. C1 [Dietrich, David E.] AcuSea Inc, La Jolla, CA USA. [Bowman, Malcolm J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Marine Sci Res Ctr, Stony Brook, NY USA. [Medina, Raul; Liste, Maria; Olabarrieta, Maitane] Univ Cantabria, Ocean & Coastal Res Grp, E-39005 Santander, Spain. [Mehra, Avichal] NOAA, NCEP NWS, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Piacsek, Steve A.] USN, Res Lab, Div Oceanog, Stennis Space Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Tseng, Yu-Heng] Natl Taiwan Univ, Dept Atmospher Sci, Taipei 10617, Taiwan. RP Dietrich, DE (reprint author), AcuSea Inc, 8450-101 Via Sonoma, La Jolla, CA USA. RI Medina, Raul/L-2456-2014; OI Medina, Raul/0000-0002-0126-2710; Tseng, Yu-heng/0000-0002-4816-4974 NR 45 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C7 AR C07027 DI 10.1029/2006JC003914 PG 14 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 331GD UT WOS:000257999800001 ER PT J AU Marinov, I Follows, M Gnanadesikan, A Sarmiento, JL Slater, RD AF Marinov, I. Follows, M. Gnanadesikan, A. Sarmiento, J. L. Slater, R. D. TI How does ocean biology affect atmospheric pCO(2)? Theory and models SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHERN-OCEAN; WORLD OCEAN; CO2; CIRCULATION; PUMP; SENSITIVITY; PHOSPHATE AB [1] This paper examines the sensitivity of atmospheric pCO2 to changes in ocean biology that result in drawdown of nutrients at the ocean surface. We show that the global inventory of preformed nutrients is the key determinant of atmospheric pCO2 and the oceanic carbon storage due to the soft- tissue pump ( OCSsoft). We develop a new theory showing that under conditions of perfect equilibrium between atmosphere and ocean, atmospheric pCO2 can be written as a sum of exponential functions of OCSsoft. The theory also demonstrates how the sensitivity of atmospheric pCO2 to changes in the soft- tissue pump depends on the preformed nutrient inventory and on surface buffer chemistry. We validate our theory against simulations of nutrient depletion in a suite of realistic general circulation models ( GCMs). The decrease in atmospheric pCO2 following surface nutrient depletion depends on the oceanic circulation in the models. Increasing deep ocean ventilation by increasing vertical mixing or Southern Ocean winds increases the atmospheric pCO2 sensitivity to surface nutrient forcing. Conversely, stratifying the Southern Ocean decreases the atmospheric CO2 sensitivity to surface nutrient depletion. Surface CO2 disequilibrium due to the slow gas exchange with the atmosphere acts to make atmospheric pCO2 more sensitive to nutrient depletion in high- ventilation models and less sensitive to nutrient depletion in low- ventilation models. Our findings have potentially important implications for both past and future climates. C1 [Marinov, I.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Follows, M.] MIT, Dept Earth Atmospher & Planetary Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Gnanadesikan, A.] Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Sarmiento, J. L.; Slater, R. D.] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Marinov, I (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Marine Chem & Geochem, MS 25,360 Woods Hole Rd, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM imarinov@whoi.edu; mick@ocean.mit.edu; gnana@princeton.edu; jls@princeton.edu; rdsalter@splash.princeton.edu RI Follows, Michael/G-9824-2011; Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116 NR 32 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C7 AR C07032 DI 10.1029/2007JC004598 PG 20 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 331GD UT WOS:000257999800006 ER PT J AU Mansfield, ML Douglas, JF AF Mansfield, Marc L. Douglas, Jack F. TI Transport properties of wormlike chains with applications to double helical DNA and carbon nanotubes SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-STRANDED DNA; INTRINSIC-VISCOSITY; PERSISTENCE LENGTH; HYDRODYNAMIC FRICTION; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; LIGHT-SCATTERING; POLYMER CHAINS; SEDIMENTATION; MACROMOLECULES; COEFFICIENTS AB Many extended threadlike polymeric structures (e.g., certain synthetic polymers, carbon nanotubes, double helical DNA, and certain polypeptides) exhibit a degree of chain-stiffness inter-mediate between the idealized rod and the random coil. Such structures can be reasonably well described by the wormlike chain model, and we apply our previously developed numerical path-integration method to determine both the intrinsic viscosity [eta] and the friction coefficientf of wormlike chains. We have also determined finite-thickness contributions to the volume and the radius of gyration and developed approximants for [eta] and f that should be useful in characterization work. Our results are compared to previous computations of [eta] and f and the uncertainties of the various computational methods for calculating these transport properties are considered. Our results are also compared to experimental viscometric, sedimentation, and light scattering results for double helical DNA, where we obtain accurate fits by assuming a hydrodynamic diameter of d = 2.4 nm and a persistence length of a = 50 nm. Computations are also performed for a region of parameter space that should be useful in the characterization of carbon nanotubes. C1 [Mansfield, Marc L.] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mansfield, ML (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM marc.mansfield@stevens.edu; jack.douglas@nist.edu NR 54 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 14 BP 5412 EP 5421 DI 10.1021/ma702837v PG 10 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 326NJ UT WOS:000257665900047 ER PT J AU Mansfield, ML Douglas, JF AF Mansfield, Marc L. Douglas, Jack F. TI Transport properties of rodlike particles SO MACROMOLECULES LA English DT Article ID SYMMETRIC TOP MACROMOLECULES; TOBACCO MOSAIC VIRUS; SLENDER-BODY THEORY; STOKES-FLOW; TRANSLATIONAL DIFFUSION; HYDRODYNAMIC FRICTION; POLYMER-SOLUTIONS; INTRINSIC-VISCOSITY; CIRCULAR-CYLINDERS; BROWNIAN-MOVEMENT AB The transport properties of rodlike particles have been of interest since the origins of polymer science. Indeed, Staudinger initially believed that polymers had exclusively this structure, although Onsager soon discounted this possibility through direct computation of the transport properties of slender (ellipsoidal) particles and comparison with early polymer solution measurements. History is apparently repeating itself in the study of carbon nanotubes, which are also often assumed to be generally rodlike. Computations of the transport properties of rods have often assumed such structures could be described by ellipsoids or have relied on slender body calculations of uncertain accuracy. To clarify the situation, we apply a path-integration method to compute the intrinsic viscosity [eta] and friction coefficientf of right rectangular cylinders, cylinders with rounded ends, and other fiberlike structures having a variety of cross-sections. We then determine convenient approximants that describe these basic properties over a wide aspect ratio range and for all these cross-sectional shapes. Our computations are validated against independent boundary element computations by Aragon in the case of right rectangular cylinders. Finally, we discuss the apparent mass-scaling exponent of the intrinsic viscosity (Mark-Houwink exponent) for rodlike structures since this quantity is often reported in the polymer science literature. C1 [Mansfield, Marc L.] Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mansfield, ML (reprint author), Stevens Inst Technol, Dept Chem & Biol Chem, Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA. EM marc.mansfield@stevens.edu; jack.douglas@nist.edu NR 71 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 5 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0024-9297 J9 MACROMOLECULES JI Macromolecules PD JUL 22 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 14 BP 5422 EP 5432 DI 10.1021/ma702839w PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA 326NJ UT WOS:000257665900048 ER PT J AU Campbell, JP Cheung, KP Suehle, JS Oates, A AF Campbell, J. P. Cheung, K. P. Suehle, J. S. Oates, A. TI Negative-bias temperature instability induced electron trapping SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID MOS DEVICES; OXIDE AB Despite four decades of research, the physics responsible for the negative-bias temperature instability (NBTI) in p-channel metal-oxide-silicon field-effect transistors is still unresolved. The current NBTI debate focuses on the dominance of either a hole trapping/detrapping mechanism or a hydrogen depassivation mechanism. In this study, we present NBTI-induced changes in the peak transconductance which indicate the presence of a third mechanism involving electron trapping/detrapping. The presence of this electron trapping/detrapping component adds further complexity to the very complicated NBTI phenomenon. (c) 2008 American Institute of Physics. C1 [Campbell, J. P.; Cheung, K. P.; Suehle, J. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Oates, A.] TSMC Ltd, Hsinchu 30077, Taiwan. RP Campbell, JP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jason.campbell@nist.gov; kin.cheung@nist.gov NR 19 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 3 AR 033512 DI 10.1063/1.2963368 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 330UQ UT WOS:000257968700103 ER PT J AU Curry, JJ AF Curry, J. J. TI Quantitative x-ray absorption imaging with a broadband source: application to high-intensity discharge lamps SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS D-APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Symposium on the Science and Technology of Light Sources CY MAY 20-24, 2007 CL Fudan Univ, Shanghai, PEOPLES R CHINA HO Fudan Univ AB The case of x-ray absorption imaging in which the x-ray source is broadband and the detector does not provide spectral resolution is analysed. The specific motivation is observation of the Hg vapour distribution in high-intensity discharge ( HID) lamps. When absorption by the vapour is small, the problem can be couched accurately in terms of a mean absorption cross section averaged over the x-ray spectral distribution, weighted by the energy-dependent response of the detector. The method is tested against a Au foil standard and then applied to Hg. The mean absorption cross section for Hg is calculated for a Ag-anode x-ray tube at accelerating voltages of 25, 30 and 35 kV, and for HIDs in fused silica or polycrystalline alumina arc tubes. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Curry, JJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jjcurry@nist.gov NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0022-3727 J9 J PHYS D APPL PHYS JI J. Phys. D-Appl. Phys. PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 41 IS 14 AR 144020 DI 10.1088/0022-3727/41/14/144020 PG 7 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 322JA UT WOS:000257369800021 ER PT J AU Mildner, DFR Cook, JC AF Mildner, D. F. R. Cook, J. C. TI Curved-straight neutron guide system with uniform spatial intensity distribution SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION A-ACCELERATORS SPECTROMETERS DETECTORS AND ASSOCIATED EQUIPMENT LA English DT Article DE spatial intensity distribution; phase space tailoring guide; critical angle for neutron reflection; curved-straight neutron guide; angular intensity distributions; acceptance diagram; neutron transmission; beam bender ID TRANSMISSION; BEAM AB The spatial intensity distribution of neutrons emerging from a curved guide is asymmetric, and straight guide sections are sometimes appended to curved guides to make the intensity distribution more nearly uniform. For idealized uniform illumination and in the perfect reflectivity approximation, the spatial-angular acceptance at the exit of the combination can be made exactly uniform for a range of long wavelengths by using a sufficiently long straight section, together with a curved guide whose outer wall coating has a critical angle slightly greater than those of the other guide walls. We refer to this as a "phase space tailoring guide" where the coatings on the inner wall and straight section are used to define the required divergence at the end of the guide. Increasing the critical angle of the outer wall of the curved section reduces the characteristic wavelength of the curved guide as well as the wavelength at which ideal uniformity can be obtained. The outer wall coating need only be of sufficiently high critical angle to fill the transmittable phase space area of the straight guide uniformly to adequately short wavelength. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Mildner, D. F. R.; Cook, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mildner, DFR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.mildner@nist.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-9002 J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH A JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A-Accel. Spectrom. Dect. Assoc. Equip. PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 592 IS 3 BP 414 EP 419 DI 10.1016/j.nima.2008.04.049 PG 6 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Nuclear; Physics, Particles & Fields SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 334WP UT WOS:000258252500032 ER PT J AU Tanaka, A Fujiwara, M Nam, SW Nambu, Y Takahashi, S Maeda, W Yoshino, K Miki, S Baek, B Wang, Z Tajima, A Sasaki, M Tomita, A AF Tanaka, Akihiro Fujiwara, Mikio Nam, Sae Woo Nambu, Yoshihiro Takahashi, Seigo Maeda, Wakako Yoshino, Ken-ichiro Miki, Shigehito Baek, Burm Wang, Zhen Tajima, Akio Sasaki, Masahide Tomita, Akihisa TI Ultra fast quantum key distribution over a 97 km installed telecom fiber with wavelength division multiplexing clock synchronization SO OPTICS EXPRESS LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-PHOTON DETECTORS; CRYPTOGRAPHY; SYSTEM; TRANSMISSION AB We demonstrated ultra fast BB84 quantum key distribution (QKD) transmission at 625 MHz clock rate through a 97 km field-installed fiber using practical clock synchronization based on wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). We succeeded in over-one-hour stable key generation at a high sifted key rate of 2.4 kbps and a low quantum bit error rate (QBER) of 2.9%. The asymptotic secure key rate was estimated to be 0.78-0.82 kbps from the transmission data with the decoy method of average photon numbers 0, 0.15, and 0.4 photons/pulse. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Tanaka, Akihiro; Takahashi, Seigo; Maeda, Wakako; Tajima, Akio] NEC Corp Ltd, Syst Platforms Res Labs, Nakahara Ku, Kanagawa 2118666, Japan. [Fujiwara, Mikio; Sasaki, Masahide] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, New Generat Network Res Ctr, Koganei, Tokyo 1848795, Japan. [Nam, Sae Woo; Baek, Burm] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Nambu, Yoshihiro; Yoshino, Ken-ichiro; Tomita, Akihisa] NEC Corp Ltd, Nano Elect Res Labs, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058501, Japan. [Miki, Shigehito; Wang, Zhen] Natl Inst Informat & Commun Technol, Kobe Adv ICT Res Ctr, Nishi Ku, Kobe, Hyogo 6512492, Japan. [Tomita, Akihisa] JST ERATO SORST, Quantum Computat & Informat Project, Bunkyo Ku, Tokyo 1330033, Japan. RP Tanaka, A (reprint author), NEC Corp Ltd, Syst Platforms Res Labs, Nakahara Ku, 1753 Shimonumabe, Kanagawa 2118666, Japan. EM a-tanaka@dh.jp.nec.com RI Tomita, Akihisa/A-6745-2012 OI Tomita, Akihisa/0000-0002-5989-039X NR 39 TC 58 Z9 59 U1 1 U2 14 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1094-4087 J9 OPT EXPRESS JI Opt. Express PD JUL 21 PY 2008 VL 16 IS 15 BP 11354 EP 11360 DI 10.1364/OE.16.011354 PG 7 WC Optics SC Optics GA 332FX UT WOS:000258069100056 PM 18648454 ER PT J AU Nalli, NR Minnett, PJ van Delst, P AF Nalli, Nicholas R. Minnett, Peter J. van Delst, Paul TI Emissivity and reflection model for calculating unpolarized isotropic water surface-leaving radiance in the infrared. I: Theoretical development and calculations SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID TRACK SCANNING RADIOMETER; SEA-SURFACE; OPTICAL-CONSTANTS; WIND-SPEED; TEMPERATURE; OCEAN; INTERFEROMETER; RETRIEVAL; SATELLITE; HORIZON AB Although published sea surface infrared (IR) emissivity models have gained widespread acceptance for remote sensing applications, discrepancies have been identified against field observations obtained from IR Fourier transform spectrometers at view angles greater than or similar to 40 degrees. We therefore propose, in this two-part paper, an alternative approach for calculating surface-leaving IR radiance that treats both emissivity and atmospheric reflection in a systematic yet practical manner. This first part presents the theoretical basis, development, and computations of the proposed model. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Nalli, Nicholas R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Perot Syst Govt Serv Inc, Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv,Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Minnett, Peter J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [van Delst, Paul] Univ Wisconsin, Cooperat Inst Meterol Satellite Studies, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Nalli, NR (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Perot Syst Govt Serv Inc, Natl Environm Satellite, Data & Informat Serv,Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, 5211 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Nick.Nalli@noaa.gov RI Nalli, Nicholas/F-6731-2010 OI Nalli, Nicholas/0000-0002-6914-5537 FU Science Development and Implementation Task [JCSDA FY05-06] FX This work was funded by the JCSDA FY05-06 Science Development and Implementation Task (J. Yoe and J. Le Marshall). We thank C. Barnet (National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, Center for Satellite Applications and Research task monitor) and C. Dean (Perot Systems Government Services, PSGS, program manager) for their support of this project. We also extend our thanks to D. Tobin (University of Wisconsin-Madison) for providing us with AERI apodization software, E. Maddy (University of Maryland, Baltimore County and PSGS) for providing guidance on generating Fig. 1 using LaTeX, and N. Ebuchi (Hokkaido University, Japan) for correspondence pertaining to the Ebuchi and Kizu [38] paper for Appendix A. We are indebted to two anonymous reviewers who provided expert constructive feedback that we have used to improve the quality of the final paper. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or U.S. Government position, policy, or decision. NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 21 BP 3701 EP 3721 DI 10.1364/AO.47.003701 PG 21 WC Optics SC Optics GA 337EW UT WOS:000258419300003 PM 18641735 ER PT J AU Shaw, PS Li, ZG AF Shaw, Ping-Shine Li, Zhigang TI On the fluorescence from integrating spheres SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID REFLECTANCE-STANDARD; SPECTRALON AB Our recent study of the performance of integrating spheres shows prominent UV induced fluorescence features that are associated with contamination of the diffusing wall material by hydrocarbons. Because of multiple reflections of the radiation inside the integrating sphere, fluorescence is induced multiple times with each reflection of the incident radiation by the wall. Here, we report a simple theory on the fluorescence of integrating spheres developed from first principles. The results indicate a strong dependence of fluorescence on the reflectance of the diffusing material at both the excitation and fluorescence wavelengths as well as the geometry of the integrating sphere. Because of multiple reflection of the exciting radiation, a gain of more than an order of magnitude in fluorescence is possible compared with direct and single irradiation of a flat piece of the diffusing/fluorescing material. Applications of such fluorescence analysis for integrating spheres are discussed. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America. C1 [Shaw, Ping-Shine; Li, Zhigang] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shaw, PS (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM shaw@nist.gov NR 19 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 21 BP 3962 EP 3967 DI 10.1364/AO.47.003962 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 337EW UT WOS:000258419300035 PM 18641767 ER PT J AU White, L Adcroft, A AF White, Laurent Adcroft, Alistair TI A high-order finite volume remapping scheme for nonuniform grids: The piecewise quartic method (PQM) SO JOURNAL OF COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE reconstruction; remapping; piecewise parabolic method (PPM); piecewise quartic method (PQM); finite volume method; nonuniform grids; compact schemes ID MONOTONICITY-PRESERVING SCHEMES; PARABOLIC METHOD PPM; OCEAN MODEL; VERTICAL COORDINATE; TRANSPORT SCHEMES; FORMULATION AB A hierarchy of one-dimensional high-order remapping schemes is presented and their performance with respect to accuracy and convergence rate investigated. The schemes are also compared based on remapping experiments in closed domains. The piecewise quartic method (PQM) is presented, based on fifth-order accurate piecewise polynomials, and is motivated by the need to significantly improve hybrid coordinate systems of ocean climate models, which require the remapping to be conservative, monotonic and highly accurate. A limiter for this scheme is fully described that never decreases the polynomial degree, except at the location of extrema. We assess the use of high-order explicit and implicit (i.e., compact) estimates for the edge values and slopes needed to build the piecewise polynomials in both piecewise parabolic method (PPM) and PQM. It is shown that all limited PQM schemes perform significantly better than limited PPM schemes and that PQM schemes are much more cost-effective. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [White, Laurent; Adcroft, Alistair] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP White, L (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM laurentw@princeton.edu RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017 NR 21 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 5 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9991 EI 1090-2716 J9 J COMPUT PHYS JI J. Comput. Phys. PD JUL 20 PY 2008 VL 227 IS 15 BP 7394 EP 7422 DI 10.1016/j.jcp.2008.04.026 PG 29 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Physics, Mathematical SC Computer Science; Physics GA 329MJ UT WOS:000257871400019 ER PT J AU Hale, RC Gallo, KP Loveland, TR AF Hale, Robert C. Gallo, Kevin P. Loveland, Thomas R. TI Influences of specific land use/land cover conversions on climatological normals of near-surface temperature SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; TIME-SERIES; CLIMATE; IMPACT; URBANIZATION AB Quantification of the effects of land use/land cover (LULC) changes on proximal measurements of near-surface air temperature is crucial to a better understanding of natural and anthropogenically induced climate change. In this study, data from stations utilized in deriving U. S. climatological temperature normals were analyzed in conjunction with NCEP-NCAR 50-Year Reanalysis (NNR) estimates and highly accurate LULC change maps in order to isolate the effects of LULC change from other climatological factors. While the "Normals'' temperatures exhibited considerable warming in both minima and maxima, the NNR data revealed that the majority of the warming of maximum temperatures was not due to nearby LULC change. Warming of minimum temperatures was roughly evenly split between the effects of LULC change and other influences. Furthermore, the effects of LULC change varied considerably depending upon the particular type of land cover conversion that occurred. Urbanization, in particular, was found to result in warming of minima and maxima, while some LULC conversions that might be expected to have significantly altered nearby temperatures (e. g., clear-cutting of forests) did not. C1 [Hale, Robert C.] Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Loveland, Thomas R.] USGS, Ctr Earth Resources Observat & Sci, Sioux Falls, SD 57198 USA. [Gallo, Kevin P.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Hale, RC (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, Cooperat Inst Res Atmosphere, Dept 1375, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM rhale@usgs.gov RI Gallo, Kevin P./F-5588-2010 NR 21 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 19 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D14 AR D14113 DI 10.1029/2007JD009548 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 328KX UT WOS:000257798400001 ER PT J AU Buehler, SA Kuvatov, M John, VO Milz, M Soden, BJ Jackson, DL Notholt, J AF Buehler, S. A. Kuvatov, M. John, V. O. Milz, M. Soden, B. J. Jackson, D. L. Notholt, J. TI An upper tropospheric humidity data set from operational satellite microwave data SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID WATER-VAPOR FEEDBACK; RELATIVE-HUMIDITY; DEEP CONVECTION; AMSU-B; MODEL; CLIMATOLOGY; RADIOSONDES; VARIABILITY; RETRIEVAL; RADIANCES AB 183.31 GHz observations from the Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit B (AMSUB) instruments onboard the NOAA 15, 16, and 17 satellites were used to derive a new data set of Upper Tropospheric Humidity (UTH). The data set consist of monthly median and mean data on a 1.5 degrees latitude-longitude grid between 60 degrees S and 60 degrees N, and covers the time period of January 2000 to February 2007. The data from all three instruments are very consistent, with relative difference biases of less than 4% and relative difference standard deviations of 7%. Radiometric contributions by high ice clouds and by the Earth's surface affect the measurements in certain areas. The uncertainty due to clouds is estimated to be up to approximately 10%RH in areas with deep convection. The uncertainty associated with contamination from surface emission can exceed 10%RH in midlatitude winter, where the data therefore should be regarded with caution. Otherwise the surface influence appears negligible. The paper also discusses the UTH median climatology and seasonal cycle, which are found to be broadly consistent with UTH climatologies from other sensors. Finally, the paper presents an initial validation of the new data set against IR satellite data and radiosonde data. The observed biases of up to 9%RH (wet bias relative to HIRS) were found to be broadly consistent with expectations based on earlier studies. The observed standard deviations against all other data sets were below 6%RH. The UTH data are available to the scientific community on http://www.sat.ltu.se. C1 [Buehler, S. A.; Milz, M.] Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Space Sci, Inst Rymdvetenskap, Kiruna 98128, Sweden. [Kuvatov, M.; Notholt, J.] Univ Bremen, Inst Environm Phys, Bremen, Germany. [John, V. O.; Soden, B. J.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Jackson, D. L.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Buehler, SA (reprint author), Lulea Univ Technol, Dept Space Sci, Inst Rymdvetenskap, Box 812, Kiruna 98128, Sweden. EM sbuehler@ltu.se RI Milz, Mathias/C-9899-2011; John, Viju/A-4558-2008; Buehler, Stefan Alexander/A-4056-2009; Jackson, Darren/D-5506-2015; Notholt, Justus/P-4520-2016; OI Buehler, Stefan Alexander/0000-0001-6389-1160; Jackson, Darren/0000-0001-5211-7866; Notholt, Justus/0000-0002-3324-885X; Milz, Mathias/0000-0002-4478-2185 NR 48 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 18 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D14 AR D14110 DI 10.1029/2007JD009314 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 328KW UT WOS:000257798300002 ER PT J AU Sabine, CL Feely, RA Millero, FJ Dickson, AG Langdon, C Mecking, S Greeley, D AF Sabine, Christopher L. Feely, Richard A. Millero, Frank J. Dickson, Andrew G. Langdon, Chris Mecking, Sabine Greeley, Dana TI Decadal changes in Pacific carbon SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID ANTHROPOGENIC CO2 INVENTORY; NORTH PACIFIC; INDIAN-OCEAN; OXYGEN UTILIZATION; REDFIELD RATIOS; SEAWATER; REMINERALIZATION; VARIABILITY; ATLANTIC; DIOXIDE AB This paper uses the extended multiple linear regression (eMLR) technique to investigate changes over the last decade in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) inventories on a meridional line (P16 along 152 degrees W) up the central Pacific and on a zonal line (P02 along 30 degrees N) across the North Pacific. Maximum changes in the total DIC concentrations along P02 are 15 - 20 mu mol kg(-1) over 10 years, somewhat higher than the similar to 1 mu mol kg(-1) a(-1) increase in DIC expected based on the rate of atmospheric CO(2) increase. The maximum changes of 15 - 20 mu mol kg(-1) along the P16 line over the 14/15-year time frame fit with the expected magnitude of the anthropogenic signal, but there is a deeper than expected penetration of the signal in the North Pacific compared to the South Pacific. The effect of varying circulation on the total DIC change, based on decadal alterations of the apparent oxygen utilization rate, is estimated to be greater than 10 mu mol kg(-1) in the North Pacific, accounting for as much as 80% of the total DIC change in that region. The average anthropogenic CO(2) inventory increase along 30 degrees N between 1994 and 2004 was 0.43 mol m(-2) a(-1), with much higher inventories in the western Pacific. Along P16, the average Northern Hemisphere increase was 0.25 mol m(-2) a(-1) between 1991/1992 and 2006 compared to an average Southern Hemisphere anthropogenic CO(2) inventory increase between 1991 and 2005 of 0.41 mol m(-2) a(-1). C1 [Sabine, Christopher L.; Feely, Richard A.; Greeley, Dana] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Dickson, Andrew G.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, Marine Phys Lab, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Millero, Frank J.; Langdon, Chris] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Mecking, Sabine] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Sabine, CL (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM chris.sabine@noaa.gov NR 53 TC 52 Z9 56 U1 2 U2 22 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 18 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C7 AR C07021 DI 10.1029/2007JC004577 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 328LL UT WOS:000257799800003 ER PT J AU Gao, RS Hall, SR Swartz, WH Schwarz, JP Spackman, JR Watts, LA Fahey, DW Aikin, KC Shetter, RE Bui, TP AF Gao, R. S. Hall, S. R. Swartz, W. H. Schwarz, J. P. Spackman, J. R. Watts, L. A. Fahey, D. W. Aikin, K. C. Shetter, R. E. Bui, T. P. TI Calculations of solar shortwave heating rates due to black carbon and ozone absorption using in situ measurements SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID LOWER STRATOSPHERE; LIGHT-SCATTERING; SOOT; PHOTOCHEMISTRY; PHOTOMETER; PARTICLES; AEROSOLS; POLARIS; CLIMATE; CLOUD AB Results for the solar heating rates in ambient air due to absorption by black-carbon (BC) containing particles and ozone are presented as calculated from airborne observations made in the tropical tropopause layer (TTL) in January -February 2006. The method uses airborne in situ observations of BC particles, ozone and actinic flux. Total BC mass is obtained along the flight track by summing the masses of individually detected BC particles in the range 90 to 600-nm volume-equivalent diameter, which includes most of the BC mass. Ozone mixing ratios and upwelling and partial downwelling solar actinic fluxes were measured concurrently with BC mass. Two estimates used for the BC wavelength-dependent absorption cross section yielded similar heating rates. For mean altitudes of 16.5, 17.5, and 18.5 km (+/- 0.5 km) in the tropics, average BC heating rates were near 0.0002 K d(-1). Observed BC coatings on individual particles approximately double derived BC heating rates. Ozone heating rates exceeded BC heating rates by approximately a factor of 100 on average and at least a factor of 4, suggesting that BC heating rates in this region are negligible in comparison. C1 [Gao, R. S.; Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Watts, L. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Aikin, K. C.] NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Bui, T. P.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Hall, S. R.; Shetter, R. E.] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Div Atmospher Chem, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Swartz, W. H.] Johns Hopkins Univ, Appl Phys Lab, Laurel, MD 20723 USA. [Schwarz, J. P.; Spackman, J. R.; Watts, L. A.; Fahey, D. W.; Aikin, K. C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Gao, RS (reprint author), NOAA, Div Chem Sci, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway R-CSD 6, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM rushan.gao@noaa.gov RI Swartz, William/A-1965-2010; schwarz, joshua/G-4556-2013; Gao, Ru-Shan/H-7455-2013; Aikin, Kenneth/I-1973-2013; Watts, Laurel/G-4532-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Swartz, William/0000-0002-9172-7189; schwarz, joshua/0000-0002-9123-2223; Watts, Laurel/0000-0002-0834-3329; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; NR 34 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X EI 2169-8996 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD JUL 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS D14 AR D14203 DI 10.1029/2007JD009358 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 328KV UT WOS:000257798200002 ER PT J AU Jiang, LQ Cai, WJ Wanninkhof, R Wang, YC Luger, H AF Jiang, Li-Qing Cai, Wei-Jun Wanninkhof, Rik Wang, Yongchen Lueger, Heike TI Air-sea CO2 fluxes on the US South Atlantic Bight: Spatial and seasonal variability SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; CONTINENTAL-SHELF PUMP; CARBON-DIOXIDE; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; INORGANIC CARBON; COASTAL WATERS; GAS-EXCHANGE; WIND-SPEED; OCEAN; TRANSPORT AB The partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO(2)) in surface seawater on the South Atlantic Bight (SAB) of the United States was measured during six cruises from January 2005 to May 2006. The high-resolution pCO(2) data allow us to create the first maps of the sea surface pCO(2) over the SAB for all seasons. Contrary to an earlier study that was based on limited spatial and seasonal coverage, this study shows that the SAB is a net sink of atmospheric CO2 on an annual basis (-0.48 +/- 0.21 mol m(-2) a(-1)). The inner shelf is a source of + 1.20 +/- 0.24 mol m(-2) a(-1), while the middle and outer shelves are sinks of -1.23 +/- 0.19 and -1.37 +/- 0.21 mol m(-2) a(-1), respectively. Seasonally, the SAB shifts from a sink for atmospheric CO2 in winter to a source in summer. The annual cycle of sea surface temperature plays a dominant role in controlling the seasonal variation of the pCO(2). Wind speeds are seasonally anti-correlated with the air-sea pCO(2) differences, and this is an important factor in contributing to the net annual air-sea CO2 exchange. Factors related to the estimates of CO2 fluxes in the coast ocean, such as the choice of wind speeds, the correction of gas transfer equations with nonlinearity coefficients, the effect of diel variations of pCO(2), the spatial extrapolation of the pCO(2) to the nearshore area, and the seasonal interpolation are also discussed. C1 [Jiang, Li-Qing; Cai, Wei-Jun; Wang, Yongchen] Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Wanninkhof, Rik; Lueger, Heike] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Jiang, LQ (reprint author), Univ Georgia, Dept Marine Sci, Athens, GA 30602 USA. EM wcai@uga.edu RI Cai, Wei-Jun/C-1361-2013; Jiang, Li-Qing/G-5228-2014 OI Cai, Wei-Jun/0000-0003-3606-8325; Jiang, Li-Qing/0000-0003-3311-1658 NR 52 TC 61 Z9 66 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9275 EI 2169-9291 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD JUL 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C7 AR C07019 DI 10.1029/2007JC004366 PG 17 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 328LK UT WOS:000257799700001 ER EF