FN Thomson Reuters Web of Science™ VR 1.0 PT J AU Wargo, AM Tilburg, CE Driggers, WB Sulikowski, JA AF Wargo, Andrew M. Tilburg, Charles E. Driggers, William B. Sulikowski, James A. TI Observations on the Distribution of Ichthyoplankton within the Saco River Estuary System SO NORTHEASTERN NATURALIST LA English DT Article ID LARVAL FISHES; MAINE; ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; GULF; BAY AB Determining planktonic larval species composition and abundance data can serve to elucidate local patterns of distribution, determine an area's importance as a nursery ground, and help clarify broad-scale trends of adult distribution and spawning ranges. Although the Saco River and estuary is the fourth largest waterway system in Maine, this ecosystem has remained relatively unstudied over the last thirty years, and research describing the temporal ichthyoplankton composition and distribution is virtually absent. The present study examined the structure of the ichthyoplankton community and determined the temporal and spatial variation in species diversity and abundance within the Saco Bay estuary system. Weekly sampling trips during the months of June, July, and August in 2007 revealed ten species of ichthyoplankton present in the study area. Ulvaria subbifurcata (Radiated Shanny) and Tautogolabrus adsperus (Cunner) dominated the abundance data followed by Hippoglossoides platessoides (American Plaice) and Myoxocephalus octodecims-pinosus (Longhorn Sculpin). C1 [Wargo, Andrew M.; Tilburg, Charles E.; Sulikowski, James A.] Univ New England, Ctr Marine Sci, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. [Driggers, William B.] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Pascagoula, MS 39568 USA. RP Sulikowski, JA (reprint author), Univ New England, Ctr Marine Sci, 11 Hills Beach Rd, Biddeford, ME 04005 USA. EM jsulikowski@une.edu FU University of New England Marine Science Center FX We thank Tim Arienti, Nathan Furey, and Angela Cicia for their help in sample collections. Thanks are further extended to Dr. John Olney for his help in identification of the ichthyoplankton. This project was supported by a University of New England Marine Science Center (MSC) Summer Fellowship to J.A. Sulikowski and C.E. Tilburg. This manuscript represents MSC contribution number 20. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 4 PU HUMBOLDT FIELD RESEARCH INST PI STEUBEN PA PO BOX 9, STEUBEN, ME 04680-0009 USA SN 1092-6194 J9 NORTHEAST NAT JI Northeast. Nat PY 2009 VL 16 IS 4 BP 647 EP 654 DI 10.1656/045.016.n414 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 537IV UT WOS:000273107500014 ER PT J AU Kumagai, K Tanuma, S Powell, CJ AF Kumagai, K. Tanuma, S. Powell, C. J. TI Energy dependence of electron stopping powers in elemental solids over the 100 eV to 30 keV energy range SO NUCLEAR INSTRUMENTS & METHODS IN PHYSICS RESEARCH SECTION B-BEAM INTERACTIONS WITH MATERIALS AND ATOMS LA English DT Article DE Electron stopping power; Fano plot; Elemental solids; Energy dependence ID SIMULATIONS; METROLOGY AB We analyzed the energy dependence of electron stopping powers (SPs) calculated for 41 elemental solids from experimental optical data for electron energies between 100 eV and 30 keV. Our analysis was performed with the Hill equation to represent a series of steps in plots of the slopes of Fano plots. The average root-mean-square difference between SPs from fits with an equation derived from the Hill equation and the calculated SPs was 1.0%. The new equation can provide SPs over a wide energy range for Monte Carlo simulations of electron transport with the continuous slowing-down approximation. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Kumagai, K.] Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. [Tanuma, S.] Natl Inst Mat Sci, Mat Anal Stn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050047, Japan. [Powell, C. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Surface & Microanal Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kumagai, K (reprint author), Univ Tsukuba, Grad Sch Pure & Appl Sci, 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan. EM kumagai.kazuhiro@nims.go.jp RI Tanuma, Shigeo/H-2681-2011 NR 24 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0168-583X J9 NUCL INSTRUM METH B JI Nucl. Instrum. Methods Phys. Res. Sect. B-Beam Interact. Mater. Atoms PD JAN PY 2009 VL 267 IS 1 BP 167 EP 170 DI 10.1016/j.nimb.2008.10.094 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Physics, Nuclear SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Nuclear Science & Technology; Physics GA 408SF UT WOS:000263454500030 ER PT B AU Putman, WM Lin, SJ AF Putman, William M. Lin, Shian-Jiann BE Pogorelov, NV Audit, E Colella, P Zank, GP TI A Finite-Volume Dynamical Core on the Cubed-Sphere Grid SO NUMERICAL MODELING OF SPACE PLASMA FLOWS: ASTRONUM-2008 SE Astronomical Society of the Pacific Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Numerical Modeling of Space Plasma Flows CY JUN 08-13, 2008 CL St Johns, VI SP Univ Calif, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Universe French Commiss Atom Energy, Inst Investigat Fundamental Laws ID PARABOLIC METHOD PPM; TRANSPORT; EQUATIONS AB The performance of a multidimensional finite-volume scheme for global atmospheric dynamics is evaluated on the cubed-sphere geometry. The development of the finite-volume dynamical core will be discussed from it's latitude-longitude based origins, to the recent implementation oil the cubed-sphere and future non-hydrostatic formulation. Baroclinic evaluation is performed via a recently developed deterministic initial value baroclinic test case from Jablonowski & Williamson (2006) to assess the evolution of ail idealized baroclinic wave in the Northern Hemisphere for global 3-dimensional atmospheric dynamical cores. Comparisons will be made to the traditional latitude-longitude discretization of the finite-volume dynamical core, as well as a spectral formulation for atmospheric dynamical cores. Finally, a glimpse at the achieved and potential scalability of the cubed-sphere finite-volume dynamical core is discussed. C1 [Putman, William M.] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Software Integrat & Visualizat Off, Mail Stop 610-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Lin, Shian-Jiann] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Putman, WM (reprint author), NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Software Integrat & Visualizat Off, Mail Stop 610-3, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. EM william.m.putman@nasa.gov NR 14 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 2 PU ASTRONOMICAL SOC PACIFIC PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 390 ASHTON AVE, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94112 USA BN 978-1-58381-692-9 J9 ASTR SOC P PY 2009 VL 406 BP 268 EP + PG 2 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA BJW00 UT WOS:000267287200036 ER PT B AU Peng, G Garraffo, Z Halliwell, GR Smedstad, OM Meinen, CS Kourafalou, V Hogan, P AF Peng, G. Garraffo, Z. Halliwell, G. R. Smedstad, O. M. Meinen, C. S. Kourafalou, V. Hogan, P. BE Long, JA Wells, DS TI TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF THE FLORIDA CURRENT TRANSPORT AT 27 degrees N SO OCEAN CIRCULATION AND EL NINO: NEW RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID LOW-FREQUENCY VARIABILITY; OCEAN MODEL HYCOM; VERTICAL COORDINATE; APRIL 1982; PRESSURE AB The variability of annual cycle of the Florida Current transport and its relationship to variability of large-scale atmospheric forcing is examined using time series of daily Florida Current transport based on submarine cable voltage measurements from 1982 to 2005. To investigate the impact of large-scale atmospheric forcing variations represented by the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), two NAO regimes, strong positive and strong negative, are defined in order to isolate basic characteristics of the annual cycles of the Florida Current transport associated with those two regimes. The strong positive (negative) NAO regime is defined as being when the NAO index is greater (less) than 0.8 (-0.8). A minimum of 30.46 Sv in the Florida Current transport is found in January and a maximum of 33.71 in July with a mean of 32.12 Sv based on daily composites of all cable data, which is consistent with previous studies. A distinct difference between those two opposing NAO regimes occurs in late winter, with a minimum (maximum) for the strong positive (negative) NAOs in March. As for the summer peak, it occurs in May for the strong positive NAOs and in July for the strong negative NAOs, as in the normal year. There is a 5% fluctuation in the mean Florida Current transport values between those two strong NAO regimes. Using daily transport time series for the Florida Current calculated from various model experiments for the year 2004, along with the Florida Current transport derived from cable and in-situ measurements from research cruises, we have shown that the Florida Current transport is not sensitive to the resolution of local atmospheric forcing or to the model vertical resolution. However, the major influence on fluctuations on time scales of a few days to several weeks is found to be linked to basin-scale variability in the North Atlantic Ocean. The decadal variability of the Florida Current transport is examined using a 54-year time series of Florida Current transport anomaly from a 1/3o North Atlantic model simulation. The model Florida Current transport anomaly is found to be loosely correlated with the NAO anomaly. The time series of the sea surface height difference (sshdif) between the subtropical gyre and subpolar gyre, however, is strongly correlated with the NAO anomaly, with NAO leading by about 2.5 years. The results also show that the sshdif is well correlated with the model Florida Current transport anomaly, with sshdif leading by about 3.5 years. This suggests that the decadal variability of the Florida Current transport is largely controlled by the variability of the internal ocean dynamics forced by the NAO variability rather than by the NAO variability itself. C1 [Peng, G.; Garraffo, Z.; Halliwell, G. R.; Kourafalou, V.] Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL USA. [Smedstad, O. M.] Planning Syst Inc, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. [Meinen, C. S.] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Hogan, P.] NRL, Stennis Space Ctr, MS USA. RP Peng, G (reprint author), Univ Miami, RSMAS, Miami, FL USA. EM gpeng@sdsio.jpl.nasa.gov RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012; Halliwell, George/B-3046-2011; Peng, Ge /D-8003-2014 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002; Halliwell, George/0000-0003-4216-070X; Peng, Ge /0000-0002-1986-9115 NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60692-084-8 PY 2009 BP 119 EP 137 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BKT98 UT WOS:000269226600005 ER PT B AU Chigbu, P Love, JW Newhard, JJ AF Chigbu, Paulinus Love, Joseph W. Newhard, Joshua J. BE Long, JA Wells, DS TI EFFECTS OF EL NINO SOUTHERN OSCILLATION (ENSO) ON MARINE FISH AND SHELLFISH POPULATIONS AND THEIR HABITATS IN NORTH AMERICA SO OCEAN CIRCULATION AND EL NINO: NEW RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GULF-OF-MEXICO; SQUID LOLIGO-OPALESCENS; LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; EASTERN TROPICAL PACIFIC; COASTAL UPWELLING SYSTEM; CONTAMINANT BODY BURDEN; DECISION-SUPPORT TOOL; GLOBAL CLIMATE-CHANGE; 1999 LA-NINA; BAJA-CALIFORNIA C1 [Chigbu, Paulinus; Love, Joseph W.; Newhard, Joshua J.] Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Dept Nat Sci, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. RP Chigbu, P (reprint author), Univ Maryland Eastern Shore, NOAA, Living Marine Resources Cooperat Sci Ctr, Dept Nat Sci, Carver Hall, Princess Anne, MD 21853 USA. NR 169 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60692-084-8 PY 2009 BP 207 EP 240 PG 34 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA BKT98 UT WOS:000269226600009 ER PT J AU Hallberg, R Adcroft, A AF Hallberg, Robert Adcroft, Alistair TI Reconciling estimates of the free surface height in Lagrangian vertical coordinate ocean models with mode-split time stepping SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Article DE Ocean model; Split time stepping; Lagrangian vertical coordinate; Free surface ID CIRCULATION; ADVECTION; CONSERVATION; EXPLICIT; ATLANTIC; SCHEMES; NORTH AB In ocean models that use a mode splitting algorithm for time-stepping the internal- and external-gravity modes, the external and internal solutions each can be used to provide an estimate of the free surface height evolution. In models with time-invariant vertical coordinate spacing, it is standard to force the internal solutions for the free surface height to agree with the external solution by specifying the appropriate vertically averaged velocities; because this is a linear problem, it is relatively straightforward. However, in Lagrangian vertical coordinate ocean models with potentially vanishing layers, nonlinear discretizations of the continuity equations must be used for each interior layer. This paper discusses the options for enforcing agreement between the internal and external estimates of the free surface height, along with the consequences of each choice, and suggests an optimal, essentially exact, approach. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Hallberg, Robert] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Ocean Grp, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. RP Hallberg, R (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Ocean Grp, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08540 USA. EM Robert.Hallberg@noaa.gov; Alistair.Adcroft@-noaa.gov RI Adcroft, Alistair/E-5949-2010 OI Adcroft, Alistair/0000-0001-9413-1017 NR 31 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2009 VL 29 IS 1 BP 15 EP 26 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2009.02.008 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 450WT UT WOS:000266432800002 ER PT J AU Griffies, SM Biastoch, A Boning, C Bryan, F Danabasoglu, G Chassignet, EP England, MH Gerdes, R Haak, H Hallberg, RW Hazeleger, W Jungclaus, J Large, WG Madec, G Pirani, A Samuels, BL Scheinert, M Sen Gupta, A Severijns, CA Simmons, HL Treguier, AM Winton, M Yeager, S Yin, JJ AF Griffies, Stephen M. Biastoch, Arne Boening, Claus Bryan, Frank Danabasoglu, Gokhan Chassignet, Eric P. England, Matthew H. Gerdes, Ruediger Haak, Helmuth Hallberg, Robert W. Hazeleger, Wilco Jungclaus, Johann Large, William G. Madec, Gurvan Pirani, Anna Samuels, Bonita L. Scheinert, Markus Sen Gupta, Alex Severijns, Camiel A. Simmons, Harper L. Treguier, Anne Marie Winton, Mike Yeager, Stephen Yin, Jianjun TI Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (COREs) SO OCEAN MODELLING LA English DT Review DE Global ocean-ice modelling; Model comparison; Experimental design; Atmospheric forcing; Analysis diagnostics; Circulation stability; World ocean ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; COUPLED CLIMATE MODELS; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; THERMOHALINE CIRCULATION; SOUTHERN-OCEAN; HEAT-TRANSPORT; DRAKE PASSAGE; INTERDECADAL VARIABILITY AB Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (COREs) are presented as a tool to explore the behaviour of global ocean-ice models under forcing from a common atmospheric dataset. We highlight issues arising when designing coupled global ocean and sea ice experiments, such as difficulties formulating a consistent forcing methodology and experimental protocol. Particular focus is given to the hydrological forcing, the details of which are key to realizing simulations with stable meridional overturning circulations. The atmospheric forcing from [Large, W., Yeager, S., 2004. Diurnal to decadal global forcing for ocean and sea-ice models: the data sets and flux climatologies. NCAR Technical Note: NCAR/TN-460+STR. CGD Division of the National Center for Atmospheric Research] was developed for coupled-ocean and sea ice models. We found it to be suitable for our purposes, even though its evaluation originally focussed mote on the ocean than on the sea-ice. Simulations with this atmospheric forcing are presented from seven global ocean-ice models using the CORE-1 design (repeating annual cycle of atmospheric forcing for 500 years). These simulations test the hypothesis that global ocean-ice models run under the same atmospheric state produce qualitatively similar simulations. The validity of this hypothesis is shown to depend on the chosen diagnostic. The CORE simulations provide feedback to the fidelity of the atmospheric forcing and model configuration, with identification of biases promoting avenues for forcing dataset and/or model development. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Griffies, Stephen M.; Hallberg, Robert W.; Samuels, Bonita L.; Winton, Mike] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Biastoch, Arne; Boening, Claus; Scheinert, Markus] Leibniz IfM GEOMAR, Kiel, Germany. [Bryan, Frank; Danabasoglu, Gokhan; Large, William G.; Yeager, Stephen] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. [Chassignet, Eric P.; Yin, Jianjun] Florida State Univ, Ctr Ocean Atmospher Predict Studies, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [England, Matthew H.; Sen Gupta, Alex] Univ New S Wales, Climate Change Res Ctr, Sydney, NSW, Australia. [Gerdes, Ruediger] Alfred Wegener Inst Polar & Marine Res, Bremerhaven, Germany. [Haak, Helmuth; Jungclaus, Johann] Max Planck Inst Meteorol, Hamburg, Germany. [Madec, Gurvan; Treguier, Anne Marie] CNRS UPMC IRD, Lab Oceanog & Climat Experimentat & Approch, Paris, France. [Hazeleger, Wilco; Severijns, Camiel A.] Royal Netherlands Meteorol Inst, NL-3730 AE De Bilt, Netherlands. [Pirani, Anna] Int CLIVAR, Princeton, NJ USA. [Pirani, Anna] Princeton Univ, AOS Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Simmons, Harper L.] Univ Alaska, Int Arctic Res Ctr, Fairbanks, AK 99701 USA. [Treguier, Anne Marie] CNRS IFREMER UBO, Lab Phys Oceans, F-29280 Plouzane, France. RP Griffies, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton Forrestal Campus Rte 1,201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM stephen.griffies@noaa.gov RI Treguier, Anne Marie/B-7497-2009; madec, gurvan/E-7825-2010; Boening, Claus/B-1686-2012; England, Matthew/A-7539-2011; Sen Gupta, Alexander/B-7995-2011; Biastoch, Arne/B-5219-2014; Bryan, Frank/I-1309-2016 OI Treguier, Anne Marie/0000-0003-4569-845X; madec, gurvan/0000-0002-6447-4198; Boening, Claus/0000-0002-6251-5777; England, Matthew/0000-0001-9696-2930; Sen Gupta, Alexander/0000-0001-5226-871X; Biastoch, Arne/0000-0003-3946-4390; Bryan, Frank/0000-0003-1672-8330 NR 148 TC 266 Z9 277 U1 2 U2 45 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1463-5003 EI 1463-5011 J9 OCEAN MODEL JI Ocean Model. PY 2009 VL 26 IS 1-2 BP 1 EP 46 DI 10.1016/j.ocemod.2008.08.007 PG 46 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 394BZ UT WOS:000262421500001 ER PT J AU Anderson, W Gnanadesikan, A Wittenberg, A AF Anderson, W. Gnanadesikan, A. Wittenberg, A. TI Regional impacts of ocean color on tropical Pacific variability SO OCEAN SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID COUPLED CLIMATE MODEL; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODEL; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; PENETRATIVE RADIATION; SOLAR-RADIATION; MIXED-LAYER; WARM POOL; EL-NINO; SIMULATION; CYCLE AB The role of the penetration length scale of short-wave radiation into the surface ocean and its impact on tropical Pacific variability is investigated with a fully coupled ocean, atmosphere, land and ice model. Previous work has shown that removal of all ocean color results in a system that tends strongly towards an El Nino state. Results from a suite of surface chlorophyll perturbation experiments show that the mean state and variability of the tropical Pacific is highly sensitive to the concentration and distribution of ocean chlorophyll. Setting the near-oligotrophic regions to contain optically pure water warms the mean state and suppresses variability in the western tropical Pacific. Doing the same above the shadow zones of the tropical Pacific also warms the mean state but enhances the variability. It is shown that increasing penetration can both deepen the pycnocline (which tends to damp El Nino) while shifting the mean circulation so that the wind response to temperature changes is altered. Depending on what region is involved this change in the wind stress can either strengthen or weaken ENSO variability. C1 [Anderson, W.; Gnanadesikan, A.; Wittenberg, A.] NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. RP Anderson, W (reprint author), NOAA, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ USA. EM whit.anderson@noaa.gov RI Gnanadesikan, Anand/A-2397-2008; Wittenberg, Andrew/G-9619-2013 OI Gnanadesikan, Anand/0000-0001-5784-1116; Wittenberg, Andrew/0000-0003-1680-8963 FU NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory [NNX07AL801G] FX The authors would like to thank A. Adcroft, R. Hallberg, J. Dunne, M. Harrison, A. Rosati, S. P. Xie, G. van Oldenborgh and G. Vecchi for valuable suggestions and discussions. W. G. A was supported by NASA grant NNX07AL801G and the NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory through the AOS program at Princeton University. NR 43 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 3 PU COPERNICUS PUBLICATIONS PI KATHLENBURG-LINDAU PA MAX-PLANCK-STR 13, KATHLENBURG-LINDAU, 37191, GERMANY SN 1812-0784 J9 OCEAN SCI JI Ocean Sci. PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 BP 313 EP 327 PG 15 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 500RL UT WOS:000270322000009 ER PT J AU Legg, S Adcroft, A Anderson, W Balaji, V Dunne, J Griffies, S Hallberg, R Harrison, M Held, I Rosati, T Toggweiler, R Vallis, G White, L AF Legg, Sonya Adcroft, Alistair Anderson, Whit Balaji, V. Dunne, John Griffies, Stephen Hallberg, Robert Harrison, Matthew Held, Isaac Rosati, Tony Toggweiler, Robbie Vallis, Geoff White, Laurent BE Glickson, D TI The Future of Ocean Modeling SO OCEANOGRAPHY IN 2025 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Oceanography in 2025 CY JAN 08-09, 2009 CL Natl Res Council, Ocean Studies Board, Irvine, CA HO Natl Res Council, Ocean Studies Board C1 [Legg, Sonya; Adcroft, Alistair; Anderson, Whit; Balaji, V.; Dunne, John; Griffies, Stephen; Hallberg, Robert; Harrison, Matthew; Held, Isaac; Rosati, Tony; Toggweiler, Robbie; Vallis, Geoff; White, Laurent] Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Legg, S (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Atmospher & Ocean Sci Program, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. NR 0 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-13745-4 PY 2009 BP 77 EP 80 PG 4 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BC0JF UT WOS:000349083500024 ER PT J AU Manley, J AF Manley, Justin BE Glickson, D TI The Ocean Planet 2.0: A Vision for 2025 SO OCEANOGRAPHY IN 2025 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Oceanography in 2025 CY JAN 08-09, 2009 CL Natl Res Council, Ocean Studies Board, Irvine, CA HO Natl Res Council, Ocean Studies Board C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Manley, J (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ocean Explorat & Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NATL ACADEMIES PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA BN 978-0-309-13745-4 PY 2009 BP 163 EP 165 PG 3 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA BC0JF UT WOS:000349083500047 ER PT S AU O'Reilly, TC Headley, K Edgington, DR Rueda, C Lee, K Song, E Zedlitz, J del Rio, J Toma, D Manuel, A Delory, E Waldmann, C Fairgrieve, S Bermudez, L Bridger, E Bogden, P Amirault, A AF O'Reilly, T. C. Headley, K. Edgington, D. R. Rueda, C. Lee, K. Song, E. Zedlitz, J. del Rio, J. Toma, D. Manuel, A. Delory, E. Waldmann, C. Fairgrieve, S. Bermudez, L. Bridger, E. Bogden, P. Amirault, A. GP IEEE TI Instrument Interface Standards for Interoperable Ocean Sensor Networks SO OCEANS 2009 - EUROPE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2009 - Europe Conference CY MAY 11-14, 2009 CL Bremen, GERMANY SP IEEE AB The utility and cost-effectiveness of instrument networks are enhanced by instrument interoperability. Today's oceanographic instruments are characterized by very diverse non-standard software protocols and data formats. This diversity of protocols poses serious challenges to integration of large-scale sensor networks. Standard instrument protocols are now being developed to address these challenges. Some of these standards apply at the IP-network level and enable integration of existing "lower level" proprietary instrument protocols and software components. Other approaches are intended to be implemented by the instrument device itself. These native instrument protocol standards offer the possibility of more uniform and simpler system architectures. We compare these various approaches, describe how they can be combined with one another, and describe some prototypes that implement them. C1 [O'Reilly, T. C.; Headley, K.; Edgington, D. R.; Rueda, C.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Monterey, CA USA. [Lee, K.; Song, E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Zedlitz, J.] Univ Kiel, Kiel, Germany. [del Rio, J.; Toma, D.; Manuel, A.] Univ Politecn Cataluna, Barcelona, Spain. [Delory, E.; Waldmann, C.] Univ Bremen, Bremen, Germany. [Fairgrieve, S.] Northrop Grumman Corp, Falls Church, VA USA. [Bermudez, L.] SURA, Washington, DC USA. [Bridger, E.; Bogden, P.] GoMOOS, Portland, ME USA. [Amirault, A.] Compusult Ltd, Ottawa, ON, Canada. RP O'Reilly, TC (reprint author), Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Monterey, CA USA. EM oreilly@mbari.org; kang.lee@nist.gov; jze@informatik.uni-kiel.de; joaquin.del.rio@upc.edu; eric.delory@dbscale.com; waldmann@marum.de; Scott.Fairgrieve@ngc.com; bermudez@sura.org; eric@gomoos.org; angela@compusult.net RI del Rio, Joaquin/K-8251-2014; Waldmann, Christoph/F-3386-2017 OI del Rio, Joaquin/0000-0002-6191-2201; Waldmann, Christoph/0000-0003-3388-7579 NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2522-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1099 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Robotics; Oceanography SC Engineering; Robotics; Oceanography GA BON37 UT WOS:000277066400175 ER PT S AU Fredericks, JJ Botts, M Cook, T Bosch, J AF Fredericks, J. J. Botts, Mike Cook, Tony Bosch, Julie GP IEEE TI Integrating Standards in Data QA/QC Into OpenGeospatial Consortium Sensor Observation Services SO OCEANS 2009 - EUROPE, VOLS 1 AND 2 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT OCEANS 2009 - Europe Conference CY MAY 11-14, 2009 CL Bremen, GERMANY SP IEEE AB As systems developers build the tools and methods for transport and discovery of marine data, we must carefully consider what information must accompany these data and how it is transported in order to enable adequate assessment and understanding in a machine-to-machine global exchange. Providing a common framework to communicate the history of a sensor, data processing and processing results can create a shared understanding which will build a solid foundation for the development of a trusted system of systems for sharing global environmental data. In this paper, we will present an oceanographic wave height offering, using the Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc (OGC) Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) framework, which documents not only the sensor characteristics, but also the processing steps and an assessment of the data quality based on recommended quality control tests. C1 [Fredericks, J. J.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Bosch, Julie] NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Botts, Mike; Cook, Tony] Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. RP Fredericks, JJ (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-2522-8 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1269 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Robotics; Oceanography SC Engineering; Robotics; Oceanography GA BON37 UT WOS:000277066400203 ER PT S AU Petraitis, DC Hervey, R AF Petraitis, Dawn C. Hervey, Rex GP IEEE TI A Case Study of Wind and Sea Surface Properties at 8 degrees N 95 degrees W SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID TROPICAL PACIFIC-OCEAN; SEASONAL CYCLE; TEMPERATURE AB In this study, buoy data from the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) array location at 8 degrees N 95 degrees W are analyzed to determine the connection between the atmosphere and ocean. Wind, sea surface temperature (SST), and sea surface salinity (SSS) data from 1994 through 2008 are examined for overall and yearly trends. The TAO buoy at 8 degrees N 95 degrees W is a unique location with regard to meteorological data for a number of reasons. It is located at the far northeast corner of the TAO array, which spans the tropical Pacific Ocean from latitudes 8 degrees N to 8 degrees S and longitudes 95 degrees W to 165 degrees E. The buoy is located approximately 415 nautical miles southwest of the coast of Guatemala. In addition to the buoy's proximity to land relative to other TAO buoys, the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) moves across the buoy during the year. The TAO buoys measure meteorological and oceanographic properties at 10-minute intervals for a total of 144 measurements per day from each instrument. Daily averages are then calculated for each data type and transmitted via the Advanced Research and Global Observations Satellite (ARGOS). The near-real-time data are quality controlled through automated scripts and manual checks. Once the buoy is recovered, the high-resolution 10-minute data are downloaded from the buoy and subsurface instruments and returned to shore. The high-resolution data, known as delayed-mode data, are also quality controlled through automated scripts and manual checks. The delayed-mode data then replace the near-real-time data as the official data record for a station. The data used in this study are available from the Web site of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). The data set is daily average data calculated from the high-resolution delayed-mode data. Observed wind directions from the TAO buoy at 8 degrees N 95W degrees show a yearly cycle of northeast winds from January to March and southwest winds from May to October, with April, November, and December acting as transition months. The pattern in the wind direction shows the position of the ITCZ in relation to the buoy. The transition months indicate approximately when the ITCZ is passing over the buoy. These months are characterized by large changes in the day-to-day wind direction. A yearly cycle similar to the wind direction is seen in the SST and SSS data as well. Monthly averages were calculated after the discovery of the yearly cycle. The data show a lag in the response between the ocean and the atmosphere when plotted side-by-side. Cross correlations between winds and sea surface data with varying lags are calculated to determine the response time of the ocean compared to the atmosphere. Correlation values show a three-month lag between wind direction and both SST and SSS. Correlations between wind speeds and both SST and SSS show a five-month lag between the yearly wind speed and sea surface patterns. The calculated lag between the winds and the sea surface properties show multiple water types moving past the buoy. Wind directions from the northeast bring warmer, more saline water to the buoy location while southwest winds bring cooler, less saline water to the area around the buoy. Wind speeds appear to have less of an effect than wind direction on SST and SSS, as evidenced by correlation values near zero. Sea surface temperatures respond more quickly to wind changes than SSS. Salinity shows a broad peak early in the year followed by a gradual decrease over several months. Meanwhile, SST has a dramatic rise from March to May followed by a decrease during the following four months, two months shorter than the salinity decrease. Wind patterns show a similar response to those seen across the Isthmus of Panama. During the dry season in Panama (December, January, February, and March), northeast winds are observed over Panama and at 8 degrees N 95 degrees W. The opposite happens during the rainy season in Panama, which is broken into the two time periods of April through June and August through November. Winds are from the southwest across Panama and at 8 degrees N 95 degrees W. The observed winds illustrate the extent to which Central American weather patterns extend into offshore marine weather environments. The area around 8 degrees N 95 degrees W can be traced as the source region of the moisture for the Panama rainy season. C1 [Petraitis, Dawn C.] SAIC, Bldg 3203, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Hervey, Rex] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Petraitis, DC (reprint author), SAIC, Bldg 3203, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 63 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600011 ER PT S AU Larue, K Carpenter, D Sears, IT AF LaRue, Kelly Carpenter, Danielle Sears, Ian T. GP IEEE TI Review of National Estuarine Research Reserve System Station Data During 2008 Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Event SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID MISSISSIPPI RIVER FLOOD AB The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) creates, integrates, and maintains a broad network of buoys and Coastal Marine Automated Network (C-MAN) stations. Data from these stations are used by the National Weather Service (NWS) in creating and verifying forecasts, as well as by the general public for commercial and recreational purposes. In addition to serving quality-controlled data from NDBC, National Ocean Service (NOS), and Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) (NOAA) partner stations, NDBC's Data Assembly Center (DAC) serves near-real-time quality-controlled data from a number of National Estuarine Research Reserve System (NERRS) stations. Hypoxic and anoxic events occur in the oceans when the level of oxygen consumed by pelagic animals and bottom feeders exceeds the level of oxygen replenished by phytoplankton and the atmosphere. This results in low oxygen levels and inability to sustain aquatic life. Waters are considered hypoxic when the amount of dissolved oxygen is measured at 2 milligrams (mg) O-2 L-1 and below. Anoxia occurs when there is no dissolved oxygen. A "dead zone" event, which is a popular name for an area of hypoxia, occurs when the waters become stratified in low-turbulent deep water a few kilometers offshore, preventing surface oxygen waters from resupplying bottom waters. The sinking of decomposing organic matter causes a hypoxic or, in extreme cases, an anoxic environment due to decomposers using up the limited oxygen in the near-bottom waters as they feast on the sinking organic matter. Along the Northern Gulf of Mexico coast, these events are becoming increasingly severe, strangling the fishing and shrimping industry, as well as endangering human health. One of the largest hypoxia zones is located along the western coast of Louisiana and is attributed to nutrients transported into the Gulf of Mexico by the Mississippi River and transported westward by the prevailing winds. The Mississippi River incorporates nutrients from the Ohio, Arkansas, Missouri, Illinois, and Tennessee rivers, making the Mississippi the largest watershed in North America. In 2008, the Mississippi River watershed experienced severe rains and flooding. More than the yearly average of nutrients from nitrogen-rich fertilizer and phosphorous-rich cattle ranches surged down the flooded Mississippi River. The Army Corps of Engineers saw it necessary to open the Bonnet Carre Spillway to alleviate the amount of water coming toward New Orleans via the Mississippi River, which diverted some of the water into Lake Pontchartrain. The effects of the spillway opening were observed within Lake Pontchartrain by several stations recording salinity, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. There is evidence that the 2008 opening of the Bonnet Carre Spillway resulted in Mississippi River nutrients making their way 188.3 kilometers east from Lake Pontchartrain to the Bangs Lake, Grand Bay Reserve, Mississippi NERRS station GDQM6. A significant drop in dissolved oxygen at the station recorded the hypoxia/anoxia event and was supported by a significant increase in turbidity at the same station. The water gauges for the Grand Bay watershed reported no appreciable increase in fresh water discharge that would explain the June 2008 hypoxia event. Fish River, Weeks Bay Reserve, Alabama NERRS station WKQA1 detected a hypoxia event a month after the Grand Bay station. However, the gauges for this watershed do indicate an increase in discharge that could explain the hypoxia. The dissolved oxygen dropped below 2 mg O-2 L-1 in a matter of hours. Six days prior to the event, WKQA1 reported average percentage oxygen saturated of 53.59 percent, and at the time of the event, the station reported below 10 percent oxygen saturation. NDBC data analysts only had station turbidity at both NERRS stations to verify the hypoxic event to be legitimate and not a sensor malfunction. Having near-real-time nutrient and chlorophyll data would be helpful, not only to verify the hypoxic environment, but also to predict it. To truly understand the extensiveness and longevity of the dead zones, more stations are needed with chlorophyll, nitrogen, phosphorous, oxygen, and turbidity sensors. The NERRS program is a good example of monitoring ocean parameters for possible water quality degradation. C1 [LaRue, Kelly; Carpenter, Danielle] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Sears, Ian T.] Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Larue, K (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU SAIC; NDBC FX The authors would like to thank the USGS and the NERRS program for maintaining the sites and for providing their data to the public. The authors would also like to thank SAIC and NDBC for their support of this study. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 24 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 84 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600015 ER PT S AU Burnett, W Crout, R AF Burnett, William Crout, Richard GP IEEE TI THE NDBC IOOS (R) DATA ASSEMBLY CENTER SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The National Data Buoy Center, located along the Mississippi Gulf Coast, began operations in 1967 as a program under the U.S. Coast Guard. In 1970, NOAA was formed and NDBC was transferred to that agency. The first buoys operated and managed by NDBC were large, 12-meter discus buoys that were constructed of steel and deployed in deep waters off the U.S. East Coast and in the Gulf of Mexico. By 1979, NDBC maintained 26 stations: 16 in the Pacific Ocean, 7 in the Atlantic Ocean and 3 in the Gulf of Mexico. NDBC deployed 8 more stations in the Great Lakes during the 1980s. Today, NDBC operates 115 moored weather/ocean platforms, 52 coastal marine stations, 39 deep-ocean tsunameters and 55 tropical atmosphere ocean moored platforms in the equatorial Pacific. In response to the growing number of stations, NDBC established a data quality assurance group that quality controls data from all NDBC platforms, on a daily basis. The real-time observations are released through the NWS Telecommunications Gateway in Silver Spring, Maryland and sent to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Information System telecommunication services. Automated quality control is applied before the observations are released (checking for parity errors, range checks for spurious points, time continuity checks and zero wave heights). In addition, the observations are evaluated after 45 days, edited and sent to U.S. archive data centers for permanent storage. In 2001, NDBC began receiving, processing, quality controlling and disseminating observations from 10 stations deployed by the Gulf of Maine Ocean Observing System. Weather Forecast Offices, mariners, transportation officials and the public wanted to ensure that the observations received NDBC's "stamp of approval" before they were used in daily operations. In July 2006, with funding from the NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) Program, NDBC started the IOOS (R) Data Assembly Center - operating 24 hours a day, seven days a week in response to increasing marine platforms, real-time observations and the need to support buoy recovery and deployment operations in the far reaches of the Pacific and Indian Oceans. C1 [Burnett, William; Crout, Richard] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Burnett, W (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, 1007 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 159 EP 165 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600024 ER PT S AU Neumann, DE AF Neumann, Daniel E. GP IEEE TI The Increasing Importance of HSMDB Metadata SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Since its beginning in 1997, the Hydrographic Surveys Meta Database (HSMDB) has grown from simply tracking Descriptive Report and survey images sent to the National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) to generating a series of metadata products. At MTS 2005, the first HSMDB general outline was presented. A tutorial on the menu driven query utility was given at MTS 2008. This paper will focus on the increasing importance of the HSMDB to the Office of Coast Survey and its stakeholders. Hydrographic survey metadata is no longer just focused measuring and improving ping to chart time (i.e. data throughput). This paper emphasizes the new product line: hydrographic survey Rap Sheets, hydrographic survey Descriptive Reports, Data Acquisition and Processing Reports (new), tide note and zoning graphics (new), and project sketches and bottom samples. Planned survey accuracy, spatial overlays and decision support query are also discussed. The importance of the new metadata products is supported by estimated time savings in metadata acquisition and display and metadata user trends. Statistical evidence is provided by NGDC Web Server Statistics access reports of requests for the last 3 years. C1 NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Neumann, DE (reprint author), NOAA, 1315 East West Highway,Stn 6739, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Dan.Neumann@noaa.gov NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 167 EP 172 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600025 ER PT S AU Taft, B Teng, CC Rutledge, T AF Taft, Brett Teng, Chung-Chu Rutledge, Terry GP IEEE TI Low Load Compliant Mooring History and Status Update SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) has traditionally deployed three core mooring types in its Weather Buoy Program. These consist of an all-chain mooring, semi-taut mooring, and an inverse-catenary mooring. The all-chain moorings are comprised completely of chain and form a catenary in the water column. These moorings are used in shallow water only, due to the weight of the chain on the buoy, and derive their compliance from the access chain. The inverse-catenary moorings are comprised almost entirely of synthetic line with a buoyant section in the middle mooring to produce an "S" shape in the water column. The buoyant section is created using either a buoyant line such as polypropylene or through the use of mooring floats. These moorings derive their compliance from the excess line that forms the "S" shape and are used exclusively in deep water. The semi-taut moorings are similar to all-chain moorings in composition but use a section of nylon line in the middle mooring to reduce the dead weight of the mooring. These moorings are used in moderate depths. In 2004, NDBC conducted a study of the previous six years of mooring failures from these configurations (a total of 75) and determined that the majority of the known modes of failure could be distilled into three main categories; cyclic fatigue of connection hardware, chafe zone erosion, and fish bite/vandalism. From this information, a design effort was conducted to eliminate or mitigate these failures to improve overall network mooring performance. The result has been termed a low-load compliant mooring. The performance of this mooring is similar in a hydrodynamic manner to a traditional inverse-catenary mooring but with the capability to be deployed in all but the most shallow locations. The preliminary mooring model analysis indicated that the mooring loads would be significantly less than existing configurations, which would have a major impact on cyclic fatigue along with the selection of synthetic connection hardware. The chafe zone was completely removed via the design, and the fish-bite problem was mitigated through the design of a fish-bite-resistant line. Since the initial design, 32 stations have converted to the low load compliant design with only three failures to date, all which have been attributed to vandalism. This paper will discuss the design and modeling details more thoroughly and provide performance data for the deployed moorings, including observed sea conditions. C1 [Taft, Brett; Teng, Chung-Chu] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis, MS 39529 USA. [Rutledge, Terry] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis, MS 39529 USA. RP Taft, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 236 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600034 ER PT S AU Taft, B Burdette, M Riley, R Hansen, B Wells, W Maxwell, D Mettlach, T AF Taft, Brett Burdette, Michael Riley, Rodney Hansen, Bill Wells, William Maxwell, Douglas Mettlach, Theodore GP IEEE TI Development of an NDBC Standard Buoy SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB In the last five years the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) has assumed operational responsibility for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami (DART) network and the Tropical Atmospheric Ocean (TAO) network. This created an NDBC observing system consisting of approximately 195 buoy platforms, over a 250 percent increase from the 2002 fleet of 76 buoy platforms. Despite, in many instances, performing similar missions, these platforms had several different hull and electronic configurations. This, coupled with a dramatic decrease in availability of support assets, has created the potential for operational and logistical bottlenecks. NDBC has taken this opportunity to analyze and optimize the manner in which it conducts business in order to make its operations more cost-effective and increase the overall data availability of the network. One of the main products of this effort is the development of an NDBC Standard Buoy. This buoy has been designed to transcend the three main programs operated by NDBC, both individually and collectively, from the same platform. Additionally, this platform will be used as a form factor for the adoption of any additional programs in the future. This presentation will discuss the technical details of the standard buoy and the present status of the prototyping phase. C1 [Taft, Brett; Burdette, Michael; Riley, Rodney; Hansen, Bill; Wells, William] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis, MS 39529 USA. [Maxwell, Douglas; Mettlach, Theodore] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis, MS 39529 USA. RP Taft, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 245 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600035 ER PT S AU Taft, B Riley, R Crout, R Mettlach, T AF Taft, Brett Riley, Rodney Crout, Richard Mettlach, Theodore GP IEEE TI Measuring Current Profiles on a Moored Buoy Through an Acoustic Window SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID DOPPLER CURRENT PROFILERS AB The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) operates and maintains a network of over one hundred data buoys that provide real time meteorological and oceanographic data to the National Weather Service (NWS) for use in forecast and prediction models. Traditional measurements have included wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, air temperature and humidity, sea surface temperature and waves. Initiatives through the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) funded the enhancement of these platforms to include current profiles and salinity measurements. Early efforts at integrating the Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCP) into the buoy systems through the use of an in-line mooring cage yielded intermittent performance, with the majority of the failures being attributed to mechanical abrasion and fatigue of sensor cables across the bridle-mooring interface. Additional failures resulted from severed cables due to fishing gear entanglement and similar issues. These failures resulted in loss of real-time data pending availability of a service vessel and frequently damage to the equipment. Additionally, persistent bio-fouling would often require more frequent overhauling of the ADCP. The end result was poor long-term current profile data availability. To improve operational efficiency and data availability, NDBC applied the concept of an acoustic window to the buoy platform. Acoustic windows are used effectively on research and naval vessels. The window was developed in conjunction with a simultaneous development of an NDBC Standard Buoy which was being designed to streamline the buoy design across the major programs within the organization. Initial concerns with the buoy-mounted acoustic window were the effect of near surface bubbles on data quality and depth attenuation due to the presence of the window. The prototype was developed to determine the operational trade-off between weather-dependent data availability and reduced range of the acoustic window versus the possibility of complete data loss and a vulnerable instrument. The prototype was deployed on an engineering test buoy with an RD Instruments 300 KHz Sentinel This paper evaluates these trade-offs by examining several months of hourly data near Point Conception, Calif. In particular, the effect of sea state, wind speed, concentration of backscatters and buoy motion on data quality will be explored. The effective range of the ADCP in this new configuration is determined and compared to ranges determined from past deployments and configurations. Additionally, the design details of the acoustic well will be presented and discussed, including acoustic well-specific test procedures. C1 [Taft, Brett; Riley, Rodney; Crout, Richard] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Mettlach, Theodore] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Taft, B (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 255 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600036 ER PT S AU Zhou, J Bernard, L Bouchard, R Kern, K Teng, CC Benson, K Higgs, J AF Zhou, Jing Bernard, Landry Bouchard, Richard Kern, Kevin Teng, Chung-Chu Benson, Kirk Higgs, Jack GP IEEE TI Database Designs and Metadata Management for Climate Observations and Tsunami Sea-Level Monitoring and Quality Control SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Two major buoy networks have been added to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) as the result of the transition of Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) Array with 55 TAO legacy buoys and the global establishment of the second-generation Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami (DART(R)) network with 39 surface buoys and collocated subsurface bottom pressure recorders (BPR). Accordingly, their underlying data management systems were redesigned and implemented at NDBC. This paper illustrates practical designs that support the metadata management for both of the buoy networks as well as their specific needs for data management and quality control. Metadata life cycles and operational workflows are discussed and future ideas of web presentation of observation data and metadata via Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Sensor Model Language (SensorML) are considered. C1 [Zhou, Jing; Benson, Kirk; Higgs, Jack] Sci Applicat Int Corp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bernard, Landry; Bouchard, Richard; Kern, Kevin; Teng, Chung-Chu] Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bernard, Landry] Univ Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Zhou, J (reprint author), Sci Applicat Int Corp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Bouchard, Richard/A-5921-2009 OI Bouchard, Richard/0000-0002-4414-7499 NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 264 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600037 ER PT S AU Harlan, J Terrill, E Burnett, B AF Harlan, Jack Terrill, Eric Burnett, Bill GP IEEE TI National high frequency radar network: Update SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB One of the primary efforts for the NOAA Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS (R)) Program office is the development of a national high frequency radar (HFR) network for measuring ocean surface currents throughout the coastal United States. After experiencing rapid growth for several years, the number of HF radars deployed in the United States is now approximately 100 with modest annual growth. NOAA IOOS has funded the development and deployment of a trio of redundant data servers located at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, Rutgers University and the NOAA National Data Buoy Center that deliver data files in standard format (netCDF) and are Climate and Forecast (CF) metadata conventions-compliant. In keeping with the IOOS intent to deliver data in standardized ways that allow for interoperability and ease of access, NDBC delivers the HF radar data via Web Coverage Services (WCS). As the NOAA IOOS Program continues to support the development and enhancement of a national HF radar data management and distribution system, new capabilities are developed and implemented by Scripps prior to national deployment, allowing for the system to evolve in a build-test-build environment, yet retain pre-operational status. Numerous success stories over the past several years in the application of HF radar-derived surface currents to real-world problems have spurred the creation of a plan, published September 2009, to build a comprehensive national ocean surface current mapping system based on HF radar. The success stories and the scope of the national plan will be discussed. C1 [Harlan, Jack] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program Off, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Terrill, Eric] Coastal Observing R&D Ctr, Marine Phys Lab Scripps, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Burnett, Bill] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Natl Weather Serv, Bay St Louis, MS 39539 USA. RP Harlan, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program Off, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 463 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600067 ER PT S AU de la Beaujardiere, J AF de la Beaujardiere, Jeff GP IEEE TI IOOS Data Management Activities SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) will provide information about open oceans and US coastal waters and Great Lakes to scientists, managers, businesses, governments, and the public in order to support research, to inform decision-making, and to enable new applications and derived products beyond the original intent of the data gathering. Programmatically, IOOS is a component of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS) and the Global Earth Observing System of Systems (GEOSS). The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has been assigned the role of lead federal agency in this endeavor. Technically, IOOS includes or interfaces with existing observing systems, data providers and archives, and collaborates in developing additional capabilities in observations, data management and data use. The NOAA IOOS office has established a limited-scope data-management prototype and is developing an architecture to extend and augment that prototype. This paper introduces a general architecture for IOOS and discusses specific standardization and implementation activities in that context. C1 Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, IOOS, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP de la Beaujardiere, J (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, IOOS, 1100 Wayne Ave 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 622 EP 628 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600091 ER PT S AU Teng, CC Cucullu, S McArthur, S Kohler, C Burnett, B Bernard, L AF Teng, Chung-Chu Cucullu, Stephen McArthur, Shannon Kohler, Craig Burnett, Bill Bernard, Landry GP IEEE TI Buoy Vandalism Experienced by NOAA National Data Buoy Center SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Data buoy vandalism, which is an unlawful and willful interference with moored data buoys, has been a troublesome problem for the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric (NOAA)/National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) and other buoy operators around the world. NDBC has three buoy networks Weather and Ocean Platform (WxOP) program, Tropical Atmosphere/Ocean (TAO) buoy program, and the Tsunameter buoy program. In addition to the significant financial impact to NDBC's buoy programs and operations, vandalism disrupts the vital data collected and reported by moored buoys, which place lives, property, and economies in peril. Vandalism is not unique to just NDBC's buoy systems but is a national and international issue affecting both research and operational systems. This paper presents various vandalism incidents experienced by NDBC's three buoy networks. Prevention of buoy vandalism, including buoy and mooring system modifications, education and outreach, statutory penalty and enforcement, interagency efforts, and international cooperation and efforts, are also discussed. C1 [Teng, Chung-Chu; Cucullu, Stephen; McArthur, Shannon; Kohler, Craig; Burnett, Bill] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Bernard, Landry] Univ Southern Mississippi, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Teng, CC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 629 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600092 ER PT S AU Teng, CC Bouchard, R Riley, R Mettlach, T Dinoso, R Chaffin, J AF Teng, Chung-Chu Bouchard, Richard Riley, Rodney Mettlach, Theodore Dinoso, Richard Chaffin, Joel GP IEEE TI NDBC's Digital Directional Wave Module SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) has developed a compact, low power, directional wave measurement system called the Digital Directional Wave Module (DDWM). It represents the latest advance in NDBC's 30-year history of producing wave measurement systems. The DDWM consists of embedded electronics; a commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) motion sensor; custom, embedded software and hardware; and a mounting plate. The COTS sensor measures the earth's magnetic flux density and the buoy's, acceleration and angular rate about three orthogonal axes, aligned with its bow, starboard beam and mast. The module uses the Angular Rate System (ARS) method of determining pitch and roll angles, from which wave directions are derived. Using the same wave-data processing techniques, algorithms, and software as those from earlier NDBC wave systems has reduced development and operating costs and has avoided problems associated with changing data message formats. The DDWM's small size and weight, compared to previous systems, has reduced shipping costs and eased handling, thereby facilitating safe and efficient at-sea servicing. The module's high tolerance for extreme environmental conditions has allowed NDBC to loosen its special handling procedures associated with less robust sensors. New quality assurance tests and test equipment were developed for the digital sensor, the integrated processing package, and digital sensor output. This paper presents DDWM's development strategy, system description, quality assurance, laboratory tests and field tests. Test results show that primary wave parameters from DDWM are within NDBC accuracy standards. C1 [Teng, Chung-Chu; Bouchard, Richard; Riley, Rodney] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Mettlach, Theodore; Dinoso, Richard; Chaffin, Joel] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Sci Appl Int Corp, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Teng, CC (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Bouchard, Richard/A-5921-2009 OI Bouchard, Richard/0000-0002-4414-7499 NR 6 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 637 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600093 ER PT S AU Lever, JA Gritton, B Alexander, C AF Lever, John A. Gritton, Bruce Alexander, Charles GP IEEE TI An Interagency Collaboration toward the Integrated Ocean Observing System SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Naval Meteorology and Oceanography Command (NAVMETOCCOM) intend to collaborate on software architectures used to enable the processing and dissemination of scientific data and products for their respective missions. This collaboration supports the goals of the U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS). This paper explores some potential areas and approaches for collaboration, enabled by the Service Oriented Architecture model. C1 [Lever, John A.; Gritton, Bruce] USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Alexander, Charles] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lever, JA (reprint author), USN, Meteorol & Oceanog Command, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 652 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600096 ER PT S AU Harlan, J Kosro, PM Barlett, P AF Harlan, Jack Kosro, P. Michael Barlett, Pete GP IEEE TI Next Generation Use of High Power and Bandwidth in the NE Pacific - A Component of the NSF Ocean Observing Initiative SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB This paper will present the unique opportunities of integrating the existing Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) technologies with the capabilities of OOI RSN and the resulting significant enhancement to IOOS H F Radar coverage along the Oregon and Washington coastlines. C1 [Harlan, Jack] NOAA IOOS Program, HF Radar, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kosro, P. Michael] Oregon State Univ, Coll Oceanog Atm Sci, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Barlett, Pete] Univ Washington, OOI RSN, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Harlan, J (reprint author), NOAA IOOS Program, HF Radar, 1100 Wayne Ave,Suite 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 697 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600103 ER PT S AU Riley, R Siegel, E AF Riley, Rodney Siegel, Eric GP IEEE TI Testing and Evaluation of a Dual-Frequency Six-Beam Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Observations of current velocity in near-surface and near-bottom boundary layers are critically important for many scientific, operational, and engineering applications. NOAA's National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) presently maintains approximately 110 weather and oceanographic buoys. Of these, some are tasked to measure full current profiles, including near-surface currents, in an operational real-time system. Nortek developed a dual-frequency, six-beam acoustic Doppler current profiler to meet the needs of observing the complete water column velocity profile, including the near-surface or near-bottom currents (depending on the mounting orientation). Three acoustic beams point upward or downward in the traditional current profiler mode. The other three acoustic beams are directed horizontally and spaced equally around the circumference of the profiler with 120 deg spacing between the beams. These beams measure the two-component horizontal currents at the level of the instrument. This geometry allows the observation of current velocity near the surface for buoy-mounted profilers and near the bottom for bottom-mounted profilers. Near-surface and water column current velocity profile observations from a 6-beam Nortek profiler mounted on an NDBC 3 m discus buoy are compared with current velocity profile measurements from a bottom mounted 1 MHz Nortek AWAC acoustic Doppler wave and current profiler located within 100 m of the buoy location. C1 [Riley, Rodney] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Siegel, Eric] NortekUSA, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Riley, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 929 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600136 ER PT S AU Fiolek, A Gottfried, S Ladnier, S Mesick, S AF Fiolek, Anna Gottfried, Susan Ladnier, Stacy Mesick, Sharon GP IEEE TI Mapping, Cross-walking, Converting and Exchanging Oceanographic Metadata Information in Video Data Management System SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The NOAA Central Library (NCL) has been collaborating with the Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER), and two divisions of the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC) - the Marine Data Stewardship Division (MDSD) and the National Coastal Data Development Center (NCDDC) - to address the requirements for metadata usage, archiving, preserving, managing, and providing online access to digital videos and still images from OER oceanographic expeditions. The Video Data Management System (VDMS) was developed to create and manage the metadata information to provide online and off-line access to video and images obtained during signature (NOAA-sponsored) oceanographic expeditions. NOAA scientists can discover thousands of digital videos and still images, hundreds of digital video clips, highlight movies, and related documents and products via metadata included in NOAALINC, the NCL online catalog (http://www.lib.noaa.gov/). During the development of the VDMS project plan, which is part of a larger comprehensive OER Data Management Project, the VDMS team defined and established several 'best practices' to support OER video data management and metadata requirements. Metadata guidelines developed for digital video (DV12) and digital still images (DI12) help scientists and data managers in the field to create complete descriptive and technical metadata about their video and image data. Scientists, librarians and archivists then use this information to create the Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC), MARCXML or MARC21 metadata records. The VDMS team also developed a work-flow for creating and managing metadata information on digital video by defining the process for moving video data from ship to library to archive, including steps for creating archival backup copies and web-accessible video clips and highlights. Many types of metadata are required to ensure that digital video and still images can be interpreted and used by software that may be available on future computers and operating systems. Technical metadata about the encoding format, codices used, playback rates, etc., are critical for software to be able to correctly interpret and display the contents of the digital files. Descriptive metadata is necessary to provide context for the content being displayed and answers questions about when, where, why, and by whom the video and images were obtained. It is often easiest to acquire these types of descriptive and technical metadata from the principal investigator (PI) or data manager soon after each cruise. This paper discusses a process of mapping different metadata schemas, metadata cross-walking and exchange between the NOAA Central Library Network, NODC, and NCDDC data centers to provide comprehensive information on NOAA scientific videos and related products. The paper also explains the library's standard procedures on digital video conversion, preservation and archiving. C1 [Fiolek, Anna] NOAA, Cent Lib, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gottfried, Susan; Ladnier, Stacy; Mesick, Sharon] NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Fiolek, A (reprint author), NOAA, Cent Lib, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RI Fiolek, Anna/H-3658-2016 OI Fiolek, Anna/0000-0001-8481-3639 NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1170 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600173 ER PT S AU Bouchard, R Kohler, C Lessing, P Kern, K AF Bouchard, Richard Kohler, Craig Lessing, Peter Kern, Kevin GP IEEE TI Performance of the First Year of the Completed US Operational Deep-Sea Tsunameter Network SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB In March 2008, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA) National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) completed the deployment of the full 39-station network of deep-sea tsunameters bolstering the U.S. tsunami warning system. This vast network of 39 stations provides coastal communities in the Pacific, Atlantic, Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico with faster and more accurate tsunami warnings. The tsunameters employ the patented technology of the second generation Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART (R) II). A full year of operating the completed network provided a host of challenges and accomplishments. Data availability statistics missed the operating goal of 80%, primarily due to a rash of mooring failures. Most of these failures occurred in regions of strong ocean currents - the Kuroshio Current, the Loop Current of the Gulf of Mexico, and the Gulf Stream. Stations in the western North Pacific Ocean experienced prolonged outages because of the great distances from staging areas and persistent stormy weather and their proximity to major storm tracks. However, in 2007 the mooring and system at station 42407, in the Caribbean, had exceeded design specifications by weathering the passage of Hurricane Dean, when it was a Category 4 hurricane. In the spring and summer of 2009, a series of ambitious service cruises will return the network to nearly full operating capability. Focusing on ways to reduce future outages, NDBC undertook a number of engineering initiatives, including an intensive investigation into the mooring failures and deployed several new mooring types for evaluation and obtained warehouse space in Guam to reduce logistical requirements. In response to requirements from the US Tsunami Warning Centers (TWC) the Pacific Tsunami Warning Center, Ewa Beach, Hawai'i and the West Coast/Alaska Tsunami Warning Center, Palmer, Alaska - the 2009 deployments included new firmware that provided the TWCs more control and improved initiating event or rapid reporting mode. Previous firmware versions added an artificial 100 mm to the estimated water-column height in order to initiate and indicate rapid reporting mode by command from the TWCs. Command-initiated modes are now distinguished from on-board-initiated modes by new message identifiers. NDBC made changes to the electronics to reduce the number of false event modes that have made up about a third of all event mode initiations. The changes will also prevent the corruption of transmitted data caused by feedback during the acoustic transmissions. In 2009, NDBC completed the initial field test and evaluation of its new Standard Buoy, configured for tsunameter operations and its first operational use at Station 46412. The Standard Buoy will provide a common, lower-cost platform that can be used interchangeably with NDBC's other buoy programs Weather and Oceanographic Platforms (WxOP) and the Tropical Atmosphere Ocean (TAO) Array Buoys. In addition, Standard Buoys will have the capability to provide multi-purpose capabilities, such as making meteorological measurements at tsunameter stations. During the past year, NOAA added the tsunameter messages to its NOAAPORT broadcast system that provides NOAA's environmental data and information to external users through a commercial provider. C1 [Bouchard, Richard; Kohler, Craig; Lessing, Peter; Kern, Kevin] NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Bouchard, R (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Data Buoy Ctr, 1007 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RI Bouchard, Richard/A-5921-2009 OI Bouchard, Richard/0000-0002-4414-7499 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1210 EP 1214 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600179 ER PT S AU Willcox, S Meinig, C Sabine, CL Lawrence-Slavas, N Richardson, T Hine, R Manley, J AF Willcox, Scott Meinig, Christian Sabine, Christopher L. Lawrence-Slavas, Noah Richardson, Tim Hine, Roger Manley, Justin GP IEEE TI An Autonomous Mobile Platform for Underway Surface Carbon Measurements in Open-Ocean and Coastal Waters SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory and Liquid Robotics, Inc., are collaborating to address an urgent need for long-term in-situ observation of carbon parameters over broad swathes of the global coastal and open ocean by integrating a suite of state-of-the-art pCO(2), pH, and CTD sensors onto a Wave Glider wave-propelled autonomous marine vehicle (AMV). The resulting Biogeochemical Wave Glider will be capable both of acting as a long-duration (up to I year) "virtual mooring" to augment the existing sparse collection of moored carbon science sensors and of conducting autonomous, basin-scale ocean transits to provide new insight into the spatial variability of carbon uptake and associated parameters. C1 [Willcox, Scott; Richardson, Tim; Hine, Roger; Manley, Justin] Liquid Robot Inc, 1901 Embarcadero Rd,Suite 106, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. [Meinig, Christian; Sabine, Christopher L.; Lawrence-Slavas, Noah] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Willcox, S (reprint author), Liquid Robot Inc, 1901 Embarcadero Rd,Suite 106, Palo Alto, CA 94303 USA. EM scott.willcox@liquidr.com NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1215 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600180 ER PT S AU Mize, J Robertson, CF AF Mize, Jacqueline Robertson, Christopher F. GP IEEE TI A Solution to Metadata: Using XML Transformations to Automate Metadata SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB There are many obstacles to creating and maintaining quality metadata. Producing and validating records against a particular standard can be both challenging and time consuming. More often than not, manually created records contain omissions and errors caused by poor record management tools and inadequate quality control measures. Some metadata standards are quite complex. In addition, it is clear that any manually executed generation, quality control, and management of metadata can be a resource drain on any organization. Therefore, metadata automation, which is the programmatic process of creating and updating metadata, is clearly the key to providing accurate metadata while also addressing the various challenges that any organization faces in balancing data stewardship needs with fiscal realities. Effectively using XML techniques and methods can achieve accurate, cost-efficient metadata. Overall, automation of metadata, using XML technologies, proved successful and provided many benefits as demonstrated through NOAA National Coastal Data Development Center's (NCDDC) partnership with the Louisiana Office of Coastal Protection and Restoration (OCPR). OCPR records resulted in the automated generation of 13,565 Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata (CSDGM) compliant metadata records that were produced relatively quickly with few resources. Conventional methods of creating this metadata, using current metadata editing tools and template techniques, would have taken much longer and would have required significant additional resources. Thus, the automation has succeeded in producing far better results in terms of resources and time while increasing productivity. C1 [Mize, Jacqueline] NOAA, Radiance Technol Inc, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Bldg 1100,Room 101, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Robertson, Christopher F.] Louisiana Off Coastal Protect & Restorat, Baton Rouge, LA 70801 USA. RP Mize, J (reprint author), NOAA, Radiance Technol Inc, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Bldg 1100,Room 101, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1350 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600199 ER PT S AU Weaks, M Walker, S Koziara, M AF Weaks, Marcia Walker, Samuel Koziara, Michael GP IEEE TI IOOS - Customer-Focused Activities SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) customer projects are designed to initiate, extend and adopt IOOS data management and communication, observing or modeling and analysis components to add value to customers and subsequently provide information about the value of an integrated ocean observing and modeling system that is coupled and managed as a system, rather than individual sources of data, models and information. The value and power of the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS; http://ioos.noaa.gov/) is being realized in individual customer-focused projects such as one supporting NOAA's National Weather Service (NWS) operational storm surge and inundation forecasting, as well as in regional scale efforts such as near shore water quality monitoring, search and rescue, asset placement decisions, and educational opportunities coordinated by IOOS Regional Associations. These projects utilize integrated data and information in standard formats from multiple sources, and leverage the expertise and collaboration of various public, private and academic partners that are involved in implementing IOOS. In this paper, several customer projects will be described as successful examples of IOOS projects that illustrate the value of IOOS. C1 [Weaks, Marcia] NOAA, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program Off, 1100 Wayne Ave 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Walker, Samuel] SECOORA, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Koziara, Michael] Natl Weather Serv Weather Forecast Off, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Slidell, LA 70460 USA. RP Weaks, M (reprint author), NOAA, Integrated Ocean Observing Syst Program Off, 1100 Wayne Ave 1225, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1380 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600203 ER PT S AU Fletcher, M Pournelle, JR Ramage, D Porter, DE Shervette, V Kelsey, RH AF Fletcher, M. Pournelle, J. R. Ramage, D. Porter, D. E. Shervette, V. Kelsey, R. H. GP IEEE TI A Southeast Regional Testbed for Integrating Complex Coastal and Ocean Information Systems SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID WATER-QUALITY; BEACH; CALIFORNIA; POLLUTION AB Government agencies, non-governmental organizations, commercial enterprises, and academic research programs have established a vast array of environmental databases for programmatic and research purposes. Most of these use different data management infrastructures that prevent repurposing or integrating information to serve other uses. Creating capacity to integrate and access disparate data streams enormously increases their value and application potential. Building on existing environmental information management expertise, USC has launched a Southeast Regional Integration Testbed (SRIT), and used this new capacity to implement an end-to-end decision support application that links monitoring data with predictive models in order to provide advance warning of impending beach contamination. The Water Quality Portlet project design reported herein serves as an exemplar toward establishing a sustained Center for Integrated Information Systems and Coastal Ocean Observations (CIISCOO) that will promote flexible, real-time data interoperability, across a wide user base, to efficiently meet evolving future needs. C1 [Fletcher, M.; Pournelle, J. R.; Ramage, D.] Univ South Carolina, Sch Environm, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Porter, D. E.] Univ South Carolina, Arnold Sch Publ Hlth, Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Shervette, V.] Univ South Carolina, Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Shervette, V.] SCDHEC, Off Ocean & Coastal Resource Management, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Kelsey, R. H.] NCBO, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. RP Fletcher, M (reprint author), Univ South Carolina, Sch Environm, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. FU NOAA [NA08NOS4000476]; CIISCOO FX This research was supported by NOAA Grant No. NA08NOS4000476. We express our thanks to our colleagues in the SCDHEC, who have been extremely helpful in facilitating this work. We also thank Carroll Hood of Raytheon for his collaboration and support in development of the CIISCOO initiative, and Jeremy Cothran, whose data management contributions have been invaluable. The contributions of a large variety of participants in SECOORA, Carolinas RCOOS, Caro-COOPS, CORMP, and SEACOOS have been essential foundations of this work. NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1414 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600207 ER PT S AU Miller, EJ Wyse, N Reining, R Mairs, R AF Miller, Eric J. Wyse, Neil Reining, Robert Mairs, Robert GP IEEE TI NOAA's Analysis of Observing System Investment Decisions: Approach Used to Assess Alternatives for Satellite-Based Ocean Color Observations SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc C1 [Miller, Eric J.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Wyse, Neil] Integrity Applicat Inc, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Reining, Robert] MITRE Corp, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Mairs, Robert] Mairs Informat Design LLC, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Miller, EJ (reprint author), NOAA, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1562 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600228 ER PT S AU Levin, DR Trembanis, A Petrecca, R AF Levin, Douglas R. Trembanis, Art Petrecca, Rose GP IEEE TI Invisible Integration of Science, Technology, Engineering and Math Into the Classroom. SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc C1 [Levin, Douglas R.] NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Trembanis, Art] Univ Delaware, Newark, DE 19716 USA. [Petrecca, Rose] Rutgers State Univ, New Brunswick, NJ 08855 USA. RP Levin, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1696 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600246 ER PT S AU Boon, JD Heitsenrether, RM Bushnell, M AF Boon, John D. Heitsenrether, Robert M. Bushnell, Mark GP IEEE TI Microwave-Acoustic Water Level Sensor Comparisons: Sensor Response to Change in Oceanographic and Meteorological Parameters SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc ID SEA-LEVEL AB The Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) of the National Ocean Service, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, conducts thorough evaluations of new environmental measurement sensors through its Ocean Systems Test & Evaluation Program. New water level sensors that employ microwave (MW) radar technology are now being evaluated and compared with other devices including the Aquatrak acoustic (AC) sensor that presently serves as the operational standard for the National Water Level Observation Network (NWLON). While no part of a MW radar gage has contact with the water and radar transmission in the GHz range is insensitive to temperature and humidity change, the beam measuring distance to the water surface is allowed to transmit in open air with no confining hardware such as a wave guide or stilling well. Further study is therefore needed to fully understand the effect of a dynamic air-water interface on MW radar measurements. Four MW radar sensors (Sutron RLR-0002, Miros SM-094, Design Analysis H3611 and Ohmart/Vega Vegapuls 62) were mounted on the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Field Research Facility (FRF) pier at Duck, NC where oceanographic and meteorological data were used to evaluate MW radar sensor performance under open ocean conditions. Water level 6-minute series from each MW sensor were compared with 6-minute series recorded by the NWLON AC sensor at Duck during September-October, 2008. MW-AC zero-mean difference series contained power (variance) at certain frequencies and cross-power (covariance) at these same frequencies with parameters such as wave height, wave steepness, longshore current speed, and air/water temperature ratio. MW-AC differences for all MW sensors showed noticeable change when Hmo wave heights exceeded 2 meters and marked change when Hmo wave heights exceeded 3 meters during storm events. Wave steepness increased abruptly at the onset of these events followed by a prolonged roll-off toward lower values. MW-AC differences for the Sutron and Miros sensors responded first negatively then positively to steepness episodes while the Design Analysis and Vegapuls sensors responded positively but with a noticeable lag during larger events. Coherence analyses for MW-AC difference versus wave height and wave steepness underscore similarities between the Sutron and Miros sensors in one group and between the Design Analysis and Vegapuls sensors in another group, each characterized by a set of distinctive frequencies. The same analyses involving longshore current speed and air/water temperature ratio hint at weaker associations at lunar diurnal and semidiurnal periods for the former and solar diurnal and semidiurnal periods for the latter. C1 [Boon, John D.] Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. [Heitsenrether, Robert M.; Bushnell, Mark] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Chesapeake, VA 23320 USA. RP Boon, JD (reprint author), Virginia Inst Marine Sci, Coll William & Mary, Gloucester Point, VA 23062 USA. FU NOAA CO-OPS FX We gratefully acknowledge the personnel at the Field Research Facility of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers,Engineer Research and Development Center for their cooperation and for making the present study possible through access to their unique collection of coastal oceanographic data. Mr. Kent Hathaway at Duck FRF was particularly helpful in providing this data. We also thank NOAA CO-OPS for providing the funding for this project. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1709 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322600249 ER PT S AU Mesick, SM Hill, PS Gottfried, ST AF Mesick, S. M. Hill, P. S. Gottfried, S. T. GP IEEE TI New Solutions for Navigating an Ocean of Data SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB With more than 90 percent of the world's ocean still unmapped and unexplored, the need for ocean exploration has never been more critical. NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration and Research (OER) provides NOAA and the Nation with a unique capability to discover and investigate new ocean areas and phenomena and to conduct the basic research required to capitalize on discoveries. In 2002 NOAA's Office of Ocean Exploration (now part of OER) initiated a joint effort with NOAA's Data Centers(1) and other partners to form an Integrated Product Team (IPT) for Data Management for the Ocean Exploration Program. The IPT researched and documented a strategic approach, and has since implemented an "End-to-End" (E2E) Information Management System to ensure that the scientific data and value-added data products produced as a result of NOAA's exploration program are appropriately managed. The cornerstone of the E2E System is the Cruise Information Management System, an open source, custom software suite designed to aggregate information collected from OER's expedition planning and operational processes into standard documentation formats (e.g., metadata records). In step with the new sensor suites and technical capacity available aboard the NOAA Ship Okeanos Explorer (EX), CIMS capabilities are currently being extended to address new data management challenges resulting from the new technologies aboard ship. An important objective is to automate the creation of standard metadata records for a myriad of shipboard sensors with a minimum of human intervention. Other key technical investigations include the transformation of shipboard sensor data collections to open standards formats to enable near-real time data access and automated archival, as well as investigation into the use of a shore-side Data Assembly Center to provide a common framework for data transformation and distribution. The team's approach to systems development, emphasizing collaboration, flexibility, adaptation, and transparency, remains on course to meet future expedition information management needs. The IPT ensures that the information resulting from OER's global, interdisciplinary expeditions is broadly accessible to decision makers, scientists, educators, and the public, and is preserved for perpetuity. OER will not only serve NOAA's present needs, it will undoubtedly bring to light what will become of NOAA's and the Nation's future missions and priorities. C1 [Mesick, S. M.; Hill, P. S.; Gottfried, S. T.] NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Mesick, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1922 EP 1930 PG 9 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601005 ER PT S AU Mesick, SM Vance, TC Beegle-Krauss, CJ Steube, D AF Mesick, Sharon M. Vance, Tiffany C. Beegle-Krauss, C. J. Steube, David GP IEEE TI HabitatSpace: Multidimensional Characterization of Pelagic Essential Fish Habitat SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Habitat is recognized as crucial to the survival and recovery of exploited species. Climate change, environmental variability, and increased anthropogenic modification of the oceans add a sense of urgency to the correct identification, monitoring and conservation of essential fish habitat. Identifying essential habitat in three dimensions is the first step in being able to react to changes in environment caused by any of these drivers. Extending tools for essential fish habitat (EFH) analysis to higher dimensions would greatly enhance the ability of scientists to evaluate and respond to climate change. The ability to create these types of analyses for pelagic species will improve our ability to support integrated ecosystem assessments (IEA). Geographic information systems (GIS) have provided many of the tools used to delineate EFH. These tools work very well for the characterization of benthic EFH, but are less usable for identifying pelagic EFH. Habitat Space will extend the 2-D tools used for EFH to a suite of 3-D tools to strengthen analysis capabilities within the pelagic zone. Through a strategic partnership with the Northern Gulf Institute, Ecosystem Data Assembly Center services will be leveraged and extended to ingest a range of ecosystem data, transform data to standard, open source formats, and serve data via the THREDDS Data Server. The HabitatSpace client will operate on the end user's desktop as either an ESRI ArcGIS extension or as a stand alone client. New analysis tools will be developed and integrated with existing features to broaden overall scientific analysis capabilities. The result will be a robust analysis tool suite that will enable the scientist to: a) create a convex hull for calculating habitat volumes; b) calculate volume on volume intersections; and c) calculate the intersection of paths taken by larvae through in situ data to create predicted temperature histories. C1 [Mesick, Sharon M.] NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Vance, Tiffany C.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Beegle-Krauss, C. J.; Steube, David] ASA Appl Sci Assoc Inc, South Kingstown, RI 02903 USA. RP Mesick, SM (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) project of the NOAA Office of the Chief Information Officer FX Funding for this project was provided by the High Performance Computing and Communications (HPCC) project of the NOAA Office of the Chief Information Officer. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 1953 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601009 ER PT S AU Atkinson, LP Garner, T Blanco, J Paternostro, C Burke, P AF Atkinson, Larry P. Garner, Teresa Blanco, Jose Paternostro, Chris Burke, Patrick GP IEEE TI HFR Surface Currents Observing System in Lower Chesapeake Bay and Virginia Coast SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Surface currents are measured using high frequency (25MHz and 5MHz) radar in the lower Chesapeake Bay and offshore in the Mid-Atlantic. The data have become quite reliable and of high quality over the past couple of years. This paper describes the existing system, the dataset, the quality of data and some examples of how it is being used. It also presents results of recent analysis of mean currents within the lower Bay. C1 [Atkinson, Larry P.; Garner, Teresa; Blanco, Jose] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Paternostro, Chris; Burke, Patrick] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr & Coatsalb Phys Ocenog Product & Serv, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Atkinson, LP (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. FU NOAA IOOS via the MACOORA/MARCOOS; Center for Innnovative Technology; Slover Endowment to ODU FX Funding provided by NOAA IOOS via the MACOORA/MARCOOS grant, the Center for Innnovative Technology and the Slover Endowment to ODU. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2143 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601041 ER PT S AU Green, D Uccellini, L Colton, M Turner, E Scheurer, D Valette-Silver, N Matlock, G Brown, C Wilson, D AF Green, D. Uccellini, L. Colton, M. Turner, E. Scheurer, D. Valette-Silver, N. Matlock, G. Brown, C. Wilson, D. GP IEEE TI Toward a Marine Ecological Forecasting System SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB With access to growing streams of data from monitoring and observing networks, expanding computing power, and increasing model sophistication, ecological forecasting is moving from research realm to proactive management application. While many operational forecasting efforts focus on predicting the physical environment (e.g., precipitation, tides, and runoff forecasts), efforts are accelerating toward development of more routine and authoritative ecological forecasts. Operational ecological forecasting requires a new era in transdisciplinary science and collaboration among stakeholders in such areas as meteorology, hydrology, climatology, oceanography, data assimilation, marine research and technology development, resource management, spatially planning, and environmental modeling. As our scientific understanding of ecosystem structure and function have matured the ability to provide probabilistic forecasts is becoming viable for a number of critical coastal environment, health, and safety issues (e.g., harmful algal blooms, dissolved oxygen concentration, water quality/beach closure, coral bleaching, living resource distribution, and pathogen progression). An operational ecological forecasting system depends upon the assimilation of high quality data into models, including real time in situ and remote satellite observations, air-sea forcing fields, nutrient fluxes, end-to-end food webs, weather and climate reanalysis and other historical data. While many data assimilation methods have been developed and research results demonstrated over the last decade, for marine ecological data and modeling, data assimilation remains limited. Improved models and additional high quality data (in space and time) are necessary to ensure that sensors, instrumented platforms and innovative marine technology provide a full suite of capabilities. The operational concept must draw on standards for data integration and communications, and platform interoperability to ensure optimal use of core regional variables. It is envisioned that model development will be collaborative and community based, optimizing a mix of technologies from national centers and regional networks as well as academia, industry, tribal communities, and other partners. This paper will discuss steps towards a national marine ecological forecasting system that will operate a broad suite of ecological forecasts to better serve the Nation's needs. C1 [Green, D.; Uccellini, L.; Colton, M.; Turner, E.; Scheurer, D.; Valette-Silver, N.; Matlock, G.; Brown, C.; Wilson, D.] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20878 USA. RP Green, D (reprint author), Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD 20878 USA. RI Brown, Christopher/B-8213-2008 OI Brown, Christopher/0000-0002-9905-6391 NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2210 EP 2215 PG 6 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601051 ER PT S AU Locke, LK Crout, R AF Locke, L. K. Crout, R. GP IEEE TI A STUDY ON THE VALIDITY OF BUOY MOUNTED ACOUSTIC DOPPLER PROFILERS: A COMPARISON OF UPWARD AND DOWNWARD LOOKING SYSTEMS IN ONSLOW BAY, NC SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) maintains an extensive array of moored buoys around the world. Hence, mounting Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) to these buoys has proven to be an avenue worth exploring. In a previous study done by Seim and Edwards [1] a downward-looking ADCP from NDBC buoy 41008 was compared to an upward-looking ADCP from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC) located in close proximity to test the validity of ADCP measurements made by a buoy-mounted ADCP. Since configurations of the systems were not standard, the two did not agree well. Since this time, NDBC has made several changes to the configuration of their ADCPs. This study is to again compare a NDBC downward-looking ADCP mounted to buoy 41036 to an upward-looking ADCP from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington (UNCW) mounted on the seafloor to test the reliability of NDBCs present buoy-mounted ADCP configuration. Both of these systems are located on the shallow continental shelf of Onslow Bay, North Carolina. An 18-day time series was obtained from each ADCP. Preliminary results show good agreement between the two systems. In light of the fact that the buoy-mounted system is subjected to movement by atmospheric and oceanic processes, further data conditioning is investigated to see if more precise environmental thresholds, specifically wave height thresholds, can be put in place for more accurate current measurements. C1 [Locke, L. K.] Univ Southern Mississippi, Ocean Predict Dept, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Crout, R.] Natl Data Buoy Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. RP Locke, LK (reprint author), Univ Southern Mississippi, Ocean Predict Dept, Oceanog Off, 1002 Balch Blvd, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. EM Lea.Locke@navy.mil NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2295 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601064 ER PT S AU Doucet, M Ware, C Arsenault, R Weber, T Malik, MA Mayer, L Gee, L AF Doucet, Maurice Ware, Colin Arsenault, Roland Weber, Tom Malik, Mashkoor Ahmad Mayer, Larry Gee, Lindsay GP IEEE TI Advanced Mid-Water Tools for 4D Marine Data Fusion and Analysis SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Mapping and charting of the seafloor underwent a revolution approximately 20 years ago with the introduction of multibeam sonars - sonars that provided complete, high-resolution coverage of the seafloor rather than sparse measurements. The initial focus of these sonar systems was the charting of depths in support of safety of navigation and offshore exploration; more recently innovations in processing software have led to approaches to characterize seafloor type and for mapping seafloor habitat in support of fisheries research. In recent years, a new generation of multibeam sonars has been developed that, for the first time, have the ability to map the water column along with the seafloor. This ability will potentially allow multibeam sonars to address a number of critical ocean problems including the direct mapping of fish and marine mammals, the location of mid-water targets and, if water column properties are appropriate, a wide range of physical oceanographic processes. This potential relies on suitable software to make use of all of the new available data. Currently, the users of these sonars have a limited view of the mid-water data in real-time and limited capacity to store it, replay it, or run further analysis. The data also needs to be integrated with other sensor assets such as bathymetry, backscatter, sub-bottom, seafloor characterizations and other assets so that a "complete" picture of the marine environment under analysis can be realized. Software tools developed for this type of data integration should support a wide range of sonars with a unified format for the wide variety of mid-water sonar types. This paper describes the evolution and result of an effort to create a software tool that meets these needs, and details case studies using the new tools in the areas of fisheries research, static target search, wreck surveys and physical oceanographic processes. C1 [Doucet, Maurice; Gee, Lindsay] IVS 3D Inc, Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA. [Ware, Colin; Arsenault, Roland; Weber, Tom; Mayer, Larry] Univ New Hampshire, Ctrb Coastal & Ocean Mapping, Durham, NH USA. [Malik, Mashkoor Ahmad] NOAA, Ocean Explorat & Res, Okeanos Explorer Program, Durham, NH USA. RP Doucet, M (reprint author), IVS 3D Inc, Portsmouth, NH 03801 USA. FU New Hampshire Innovation Research Center FX The authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the development by a grant from the New Hampshire Innovation Research Center. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2323 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601069 ER PT S AU Wright, D Bassett, R AF Wright, Darren Bassett, Robert GP IEEE TI NOAA's Physical Oceanographic Real-Time Systems (PORTS (R)) SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB NOAA's Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (CO-OPS) has developed the Physical Oceanographic Real-Time System (PORTS (R)) to meet the specific needs of the local maritime community by measuring, integrating, and disseminating observations of water levels, currents, salinity, wind, and bridge clearance, all of which help mariners successfully guide ships into and out of the Nation's seaports. In several locations, PORTS (R) also provides forecast model guidance which supports informed decision-making in advance of transit scheduling and loading operations. There are twenty PORTS (R) supporting 50 seaports nationally; eight of these PORTS (R) are in the Gulf of Mexico. Using PORTS (R) information in conjunction with NOAA Nautical Charts and US Coast Guard (USCG) Navigational Aids has proven to reduce groundings by as much as 50 percent (%). Future enhancements include integrating PORTS (R) data with other operational data disseminated via the USCG Automated Identification System (AIS), the integration of wave information, as well as a customizable PORTS (R) display system that creates personalized and preferred views of data products on the web. C1 [Wright, Darren; Bassett, Robert] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Wright, D (reprint author), NOAA, 1305 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2458 EP 2464 PG 7 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601089 ER PT S AU Bosch, J Fredericks, J Botts, M Cook, T Haines, S Bogden, P Bridger, E AF Bosch, Julie Fredericks, Janet Botts, Mike Cook, Tony Haines, Sara Bogden, Philip Bridger, Eric GP IEEE TI Applying Open Geospatial Consortium's Sensor Web Enablement to Address Real-Time Oceanographic Data Quality, Secondary Data Use, and Long-Term Preservation SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Key to the appropriate use of data is the knowledge of data quality. This knowledge is critical for products and decision-support tools that utilize real-time data, and it is also essential for the longer term application of data as well. Guidance by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) for appraising observational data for archive states that factors favoring long-term or permanent retention include the uniqueness, completeness, and quality of observational data and the quality and completeness of metadata [1]. The National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), the designated archive center for oceanographic data in the U.S., requires that data submitted be documented to enable secondary use and ensure data posterity. Such metadata should include not only geospatial characteristics and time periods of observations, but also the collection methods, instrumentation used, units of measure, acceptable values, error tolerance, processing history, quality assessments and explanations of quality flags, data aggregation methods, and other pertinent information [2]. Providing this information in a consistent manner can be a challenge. However, an approach to capturing and conveying this metadata using community-developed practices for ocean observing system data and metadata is well underway. This paper presents methods of capturing data and provenance of data quality using the Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) Sensor Web Enablement (SWE) framework. It describes the types of metadata content captured and demonstrates the utility and significance of defining and registering terms to enable semantic, as well as syntactic, interoperability. The SWE framework provides an avenue for conveying quality flags and methods used to make assurances about the integrity of oceanographic data for real-time consumption and for potential submittal to permanent archives such as NODC. C1 [Bosch, Julie] NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. [Fredericks, Janet] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Woods Hole, MA 02540 USA. [Botts, Mike; Cook, Tony] Univ Alabama, Natl Space Sci & Technol Ctr, Huntsville, AL 35805 USA. [Haines, Sara] Univ N Carolina, Dept Marine Sci, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA. [Bogden, Philip; Bridger, Eric] Gulf Maine Ocean Observing Syst, Portland, ME 04101 USA. RP Bosch, J (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Coastal Data Dev Ctr, Stennis Space Ctr, MS 39529 USA. FU NOAA's - Regional Integrated Ocean Observing System Development [NOS-CSC-2007-2000875] FX This work was funded under NOAA's Cooperative Agreement FY 2007 Regional Integrated Ocean Observing System Development (NOS-CSC-2007-2000875). NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2465 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601090 ER PT S AU Wilson, D AF Wilson, Doug GP IEEE TI The Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoy System: Recent Expansion and Advances SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The Chesapeake Bay Interpretive Buoy System (CBIBS) is an innovative system to collect, transmit and interpret real-time environmental data from the Chesapeake Bay to a wide variety of constituents including scientists, on-the-water users, educators, and natural resource decision-makers and to fill critical observational gaps in the Chesapeake Bay. The first buoy was deployed in May 2007, and as of October 2009, the CBIBS has expanded to eight buoys. Locations span the length of the bay, from the Susquehanna River to Norfolk, and include open water and tributaries. In addition to collecting environmental information, the System supports educational and informational tools to interpret the Captain John Smith Chesapeake National Historic Trail. Buoys are based on an AXYS Watchkeeper platform, with buoys in the initial system measuring weather, wind, waves, current profiles, and basic water quality parameters. Data are reported in real time via a comprehensive web site that includes not only data access and presentations but also buoy data-based educational curricula and historical, geographic, and ecological information associated with the buoy's location and environs. In addition to basic data products, there is an option for data delivery via mobile device, and access to informational audio tracks. These tracks, as well as audio access to data, are also available via the 877-BUOYBAY phone service. Subsequently sensors have been deployed to measure in situ nitrate and phosphate, as well as water level via GPS in collaboration with the NOAA National Geodetic Service. A ninth CBIBS buoy is scheduled for deployment later in 2009 on an artificial fishing reef; it will collect and transmit acoustic fishfinder images for remote presentation over the internet as well as collect and transmit bottom water quality data from the reef. There have also been recent data analyses and validation experiments with buoy data to establish their accuracy and develop maintenance schedules. Examples of these are presented for currents, waves, nutrients, and dissolved oxygen measurements. The new enhancements - additional sensors and products, and data validation - broaden the utility of system components for both observational and interpretive purposes, and contribute to the already strong community-based support for the system in the Chesapeake Bay. The support has led to the development of partnerships to contribute buoys to the system; a siting plan exists for a built out twenty buoy system. The system is a significant part of regional efforts to develop a new Chesapeake Bay Observing system based on U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) principles. C1 NOAA Chesapeake Bay Off, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. RP Wilson, D (reprint author), NOAA Chesapeake Bay Off, 410 Severn Ave,Suite 107A, Annapolis, MD 21403 USA. NR 2 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2643 EP 2647 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601115 ER PT S AU Meisinger, M Farcas, C Farcas, E Alexander, C Arrott, M de La Beaujardiere, J Hubbard, P Mendelssohn, R Signell, R AF Meisinger, Michael Farcas, Claudiu Farcas, Emilia Alexander, Charles Arrott, Matthew de La Beaujardiere, Jeff Hubbard, Paul Mendelssohn, Roy Signell, Richard GP IEEE TI Serving Ocean Model Data on the Cloud SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB The NOAA-led Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS) and the NSF-funded Ocean Observatories Initiative Cyberinfrastructure Project (OOI-CI) are collaborating on a prototype data delivery system for numerical model output and other gridded data using cloud computing. The strategy is to take an existing distributed system for delivering gridded data and redeploy on the cloud, making modifications to the system that allow it to harness the scalability of the cloud as well as adding functionality that the scalability affords. C1 [Meisinger, Michael; Farcas, Claudiu; Farcas, Emilia; Arrott, Matthew; Hubbard, Paul] Univ Calif San Diego, Calit2, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. [Alexander, Charles; de La Beaujardiere, Jeff; Hubbard, Paul] NOAA IOOS Program Off, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Mendelssohn, Roy] US Geol Survey, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Signell, Richard] ERD, SWFSC, NMFS, NOAA, Pacific Grove, CA USA. RP Meisinger, M (reprint author), Univ Calif San Diego, Calit2, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. FU NOAA cooperative agreement with the scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego [NA 17RJ1231]; NOAA cooperative agreement [NA 17RJ1231]; scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego; JOI Subaward [JSA 7-11]; NSF [OCE-0418967]; Ocean Leadership, Inc. FX The prototype effort articulated in this paper is funded through the NOAA cooperative agreement, # NA 17RJ1231, with the scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California, San Diego. The Data Exchange effort is a part of and dependent on the larger OOI Cyberinfrastructure effort funded through the JOI Subaward, JSA 7-11, which is in turn funded by the NSF contract OCE-0418967 with the Consortium for Ocean Leadership, Inc. NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2693 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601123 ER PT S AU Lewitus, A Kidwell, D Jewett, L AF Lewitus, Alan Kidwell, David Jewett, Libby GP IEEE TI Science to Improve Management of the Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone: A Collaborative Approach SO OCEANS 2009, VOLS 1-3 SE OCEANS-IEEE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Oceans 2009 Conference CY OCT 26-29, 2009 CL Biloxi, MS SP Marine Technol Soc, IEEE Ocean Engn Soc AB Management of the northern Gulf of Mexico large hypoxic zone is driven primarily by the Mississippi River/Gulf of Mexico Watershed Nutrient Task Force ("Hypoxia Task Force") Action Plan. Both the 2001 and revised 2008 Action Plans called for a reduction in the average areal extent of the hypoxic zone to 5000 km2 by the year 2015, less than 1/3 the current typical annual maximum area. To achieve this goal, watershed nutrient loading reductions of 45% total nitrogen and 45% total phosphorus were estimated needs. The science to inform these targets and develop hypoxia mitigation strategies was derived from predictive models based on the quantitative relationship between causative factors (e.g. nutrient loading, stratification) and extent of hypoxia, long-term monitoring, and forecast models to test the validity of predicted relationships. This science provided the foundation for an evaluation by an Environmental Protection Agency Science Advisory Board Hypoxia Advisory Panel which served to update and synthesize research efforts on the causes and consequences of the hypoxic zone and assess progress in implementing nutrient reduction measures in the Mississippi River watershed. This information subsequently led to the adoption of the 2008 Action Plan by the Hypoxia Task Force. In addition to actions by the Hypoxia Task Force, efforts to advance the research and management capabilities needed for hypoxic zone mitigation have strengthened recently through the cooperative activities of several partnering networks (e.g. Hypoxia Task Force, Gulf of Mexico Governors' Alliance, NOAA Gulf Regional Collaboration Team, Northern Gulf Institute, Gulf Coastal Ocean Observing System). For example, the Gulf of Mexico Alliance has committed to addressing hypoxia through their recently released Action Plan II. An anticipated outcome of this commitment is a partnership with the Hypoxia Task Force to implement nutrient reduction strategies and improve monitoring. These collaborative efforts have been supported by two workshops, the Summit on Long-Term Monitoring of the Gulf of Mexico Hypoxic Zone and the Ecological Impacts of Hypoxia on Living Resources Workshop. The monitoring Summit subsequently led to a Gulf of Mexico Hypoxia Monitoring Implementation Plan that seeks to establish a sustainable, operational monitoring program. We will summarize the results of these collaborative efforts to advance monitoring and modeling research on Gulf of Mexico hypoxia, and address their anticipated management benefits. C1 [Lewitus, Alan; Kidwell, David; Jewett, Libby] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Sponsored Coastal Ocean Res, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Lewitus, A (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Ctr Sponsored Coastal Ocean Res, 1305 E W Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0197-7385 BN 978-1-4244-4960-6 J9 OCEANS-IEEE PY 2009 BP 2820 EP 2823 PG 4 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Oceanography; Remote Sensing GA BPY34 UT WOS:000280322601142 ER PT B AU Arbab, VR Wu, XX Christen, LC Yang, JY Dennis, T Williams, P Willner, AE AF Arbab, Vahid R. Wu, Xiaoxia Christen, Louis C. Yang, Jeng-Yuan Dennis, Tasshi Williams, Paul Willner, Alan E. GP IEEE TI Analysis of Fiber Dispersion Effects on Phase Modulated Signals Using Constellation Diagram SO OFC: 2009 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC 2009) CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL San Diego, CA AB Effects of CD and first order PMD on the shape of the constellation diagrams of DQPSK systems are presented, and by quantifying variations in the constellation diagrams, a figure of merit is obtained which can be used for computing the amount of dispersion. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Arbab, Vahid R.; Wu, Xiaoxia; Christen, Louis C.; Yang, Jeng-Yuan; Willner, Alan E.] Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Dennis, Tasshi; Williams, Paul] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80306 USA. RP Arbab, VR (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Dept Elect Engn Syst, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM varbab@usc.edu FU DARPA-CORONET [N00173-08-C-2011] FX This work was supported by the DARPA-CORONET program under contract N00173-08-C-2011. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2606-5 PY 2009 BP 127 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BNJ83 UT WOS:000274764200043 ER PT B AU Jargon, JA Wu, XX Hale, PD Engenhardt, KM Willner, AE AF Jargon, Jeffrey A. Wu, Xiaoxia Hale, Paul D. Engenhardt, Klaus M. Willner, Alan E. GP IEEE TI Transmitter for Calibrating Extinction Ratio Measurements of Optical Receivers SO OFC: 2009 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC 2009) CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL San Diego, CA AB We describe a transmitter being developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology for calibrating extinction ratio measurements of optical receivers. Preliminary measurement results are presented, and major uncertainty components are discussed. (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Jargon, Jeffrey A.; Hale, Paul D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wu, Xiaoxia; Willner, Alan E.] Univ Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Engenhardt, Klaus M.] Tektronix, Beaverton, OR 97077 USA. RP Jargon, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jargon@boulder.nist.gov RI Hale, Paul/B-1737-2013 NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2606-5 PY 2009 BP 321 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BNJ83 UT WOS:000274764200107 ER PT B AU Migdall, A Fan, J Chen, J Ling, A Polyakov, S AF Migdall, A. Fan, J. Chen, J. Ling, A. Polyakov, S. GP IEEE TI Fiber-Based Entangled Photon Sources and Their Applications SO OFC: 2009 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC 2009) CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL San Diego, CA ID PAIR SOURCE AB We present an overview of how fiber-based sources of entangled photons have evolved to meet the requirements of quantum-information applications and we present one of those applications, one that addresses an ancient philosophical question. C1 [Migdall, A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. Univ Maryland, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Migdall, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8441, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM migdall@nist.gov RI Ling, Alexander/G-7331-2012 OI Ling, Alexander/0000-0001-5866-1141 NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2606-5 PY 2009 BP 1117 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BNJ83 UT WOS:000274764200291 ER PT B AU Jargon, JA Wu, XX Willner, AE AF Jargon, Jeffrey A. Wu, Xiaoxia Willner, Alan E. GP IEEE TI Optical Performance Monitoring by Use of Artificial Neural Networks Trained with Parameters Derived from Delay-Tap Asynchronous Sampling SO OFC: 2009 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC 2009) CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL San Diego, CA AB We demonstrate a technique for optical performance monitoring by simultaneously identifying optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR), chromatic dispersion (CD), and polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) using artificial neural networks trained with parameters derived from delay-tap asynchronous sampling, (C) 2009 Optical Society of America C1 [Jargon, Jeffrey A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wu, Xiaoxia; Willner, Alan E.] Univ of Southern Calif, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RP Jargon, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jargon@boulder.nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Commerce and the DARPA CORONET program FX This work is supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce and the DARPA CORONET program, and is not subject to U.S. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2606-5 PY 2009 BP 1466 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BNJ83 UT WOS:000274764200365 ER PT B AU Williams, PA Dennis, T Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Williams, P. A. Dennis, T. Coddington, I. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI Polarization-Sensitive Linear Optical Sampling for Characterization of NRZ Polarization-Multiplexed QPSK SO OFC: 2009 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC 2009) CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL San Diego, CA AB We describe polarization-sensitive phase-referenced linear optical sampling for measuring polarization, amplitude, and phase of a high speed optical waveform. With a single measurement, we simultaneously measure both orthogonal polarization channels of 2 x 10 GB/s polarization-multiplexed QPSK. This work of the U.S. Government, not subject to U.S. copyright. C1 [Williams, P. A.; Dennis, T.; Coddington, I.; Newbury, N. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Williams, PA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM pwilliam@boulder.nist.gov NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2606-5 PY 2009 BP 1469 EP 1471 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BNJ83 UT WOS:000274764200366 ER PT B AU Dennis, T Williams, PA Coddington, I Newbury, NR AF Dennis, T. Williams, P. A. Coddington, I. Newbury, N. R. GP IEEE TI Word-Synchronous Linear Optical Sampling of 40 Gb/s QPSK Signals SO OFC: 2009 CONFERENCE ON OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION, VOLS 1-5 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Optical Fiber Communication (OFC 2009) CY MAR 22-26, 2009 CL San Diego, CA AB We demonstrate word-synchronous measurements of QPSK format 40 Gb/s PRBS signals using linear optical sampling with a precision time-base, which allows us to average waveforms and distinguish between signal distortion and noise in eye diagrams. C1 [Dennis, T.; Williams, P. A.; Coddington, I.; Newbury, N. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Dennis, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM tasshi@boulder.nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2606-5 PY 2009 BP 1472 EP 1474 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics; Telecommunications SC Engineering; Optics; Telecommunications GA BNJ83 UT WOS:000274764200367 ER PT B AU Zhou, HQ Teng, MH AF Zhou, Hongqiang Teng, Michelle H. GP ASME TI HIGHER-ORDER MODELING OF WATER WAVES GENERATED BY SUBMERGED MOVING DISTURBANCES SO OMAE 2009, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Engn Div ID BOUSSINESQ EQUATIONS; PROPAGATION; OCEAN AB In this paper, a recently derived (Zhou, 2008) fully nonlinear and higher-order dispersive Boussinesq-type model for wave generation and propagation is presented. This new model is an extension of the wave propagation model by Gobbi and Kirby (1999) and Gobbi et al. (2000) to include the time-varying seabed bathymetry. The resulting new version retains the 4th-order approximation of the dispersion relation and the velocity distribution in the vertical direction, and extends the application to both water wave propagation and wave generation by seabed disturbances such as submarine landslides. The model equations are solved numerically through a higher-order finite difference scheme. To examine the validity of the new model and the improvement due to the higher-order extensions, numerical simulations of two wave generation cases are carried out based on the new 4th order model and an existing lower order Boussinesq model. The results show that the higher order model provides the more accurate prediction for the generated waves, especially those in the trailing region of shorter wavelengths where the traditional lower order Boussinesq model becomes much less accurate. C1 [Zhou, Hongqiang] NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Zhou, HQ (reprint author), NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, PMEL, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4346-8 PY 2009 BP 603 EP 606 PG 4 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRL28 UT WOS:000283008400067 ER PT B AU Shih, HH Sprenke, J Trombley, D Cassidy, J Mero, T AF Shih, H. H. Sprenke, James Trombley, David Cassidy, John Mero, Tom GP ASME TI Real-Time Current and Wave Monitoring Using Acoustic and Iridium Satellite Links SO OMAE 2009, VOL 6 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering CY MAY 31-JUN 05, 2009 CL Honolulu, HI SP ASME, Ocean, Offshore & Arctic Engn Div AB The U.S. National Ocean Service (NOS) of NOAA maintains and operates a Physical Oceanography Real Time System (PORTS (R)) in the Nation's major ports, harbors and bays. The traditional method of obtaining real-time data from bottom mounted instruments is via underwater cable link. However, this is vulnerable to damage and costly to install and maintain. This paper describes an approach utilizing acoustic and Iridium satellite links to report in real-time wave and current data. The system consists of an ocean bottom instrumentation platform and a U.S. Coast Guard Aid-to-Navigation buoy for data relay. The bottom platform contains a Nortek 1 MHz Acoustic Wave and Current profiler (AWAC) with an integrated Nortek Internal Processor (NIP), a Link Quest omnidirectional UWM2000H underwater acoustic transmitting modem, an ORE acoustic release-based recovery component, and a Teledyne-Benthos UAT-376/EL acoustic transponder. The surface buoy supports an omni-directional UWM2000H receiving modem, an Iridium antenna, and an electronic box containing an Iridium modem, a controller, battery packs, and temperature and voltage sensors. The AWAC measures current profiles along the vertical water column at 30-minute intervals and surface waves at hourly intervals. The NIP processes a set of user selected wave and current parameters and sends these data to the controller on the surface buoy through acoustic modems. The data are then transmitted via Iridium satellite to remote offices in real-time. Sample measurement results and reference data from a near-by Datawell's Waverider directional wave buoy are presented. The Waverider is operated by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) and Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). Several unique system design features and interesting wave phenomenon observed at the measurement site are discussed. The goal of this project is to demonstrate the performance of AWAC, NIP, shallow water acoustic modems, and Iridium satellite in real-time data telemetry. C1 [Shih, H. H.; Sprenke, James; Trombley, David; Cassidy, John; Mero, Tom] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Shih, HH (reprint author), Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4346-8 PY 2009 BP 721 EP 727 PG 7 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRL28 UT WOS:000283008400082 ER PT J AU Xiao, SJ Hollberg, L Diddams, SA AF Xiao, Shijun Hollberg, Leo Diddams, Scott A. TI Generation of a 20 GHz train of subpicosecond pulses with a stabilized optical-frequency-comb generator SO OPTICS LETTERS LA English DT Article ID FIBER LASER; JITTER AB With a modulator-based 10 GHz optical-frequency-comb generator at 1.55 mu m, we report a 20 GHz repetitive train of optical pulses as short as 450 fs. The timing stability of the 20 GHz pulses, in addition to the phase for optical-comb modes, shows a strong dependence on the relative frequency detuning between the comb generator's cavity and the seed cw laser. With a new and simple scheme, the comb generator's cavity resonance was locked to a narrow-linewidth seed laser within an estimated optical-frequency range <= 6 MHz, enabling high-fidelity 20 GHz subpicosecond pulses and stable optical-frequency-comb generation for indefinite periods. C1 [Xiao, Shijun; Hollberg, Leo; Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Xiao, SJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sxiao@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) FX We thank Bill Swann and Nate Newbury for loaning the fiber laser at 1535 nm and Andy Weiner for valuable discussions. This work was supported by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). This paper is a contribution of an agency of the U.S. government and not subject to copyright in the U.S. NR 11 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 4 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0146-9592 J9 OPT LETT JI Opt. Lett. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 34 IS 1 BP 85 EP 87 PG 3 WC Optics SC Optics GA 400SQ UT WOS:000262889300029 PM 19109648 ER PT S AU Lane, PA Melinger, JS Esenturk, O Heilweil, EJ AF Lane, Paul A. Melinger, Joseph S. Esenturk, Okan Heilweil, Edwin J. BE Kafafi, ZH Lane, PA TI Carrier dynamics of composite and nanolayered films of zinc phthalocyanine and C-60 measured by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy SO ORGANIC PHOTOVOLTAICS X SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Organic Photovoltaics X CY AUG 03-06, 2009 CL San Diego, CA SP SPIE DE Organic photovoltaic; Buckminsterfullerene; Phthalocyanine; THz Spectroscopy AB We present a study of charge transfer and carrier dynamics in films of zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and buckmisnsterfullerene (C-60) investigated by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS). These films are model structures for charge generation layers in organic photovoltaics and their intrinsic properties are therefore of interest. We compare two classes of films: composite films of ZnPc and C-60 prepared by co-evaporation and layered ZnPc/C-60 films prepared by alternating deposition. We find evidence for a short-lived charge transfer state of C-60 that decays within several picoseconds of excitation. In contrast, both composite and multi-layered films have a long-lived THz absorption that depends on the composition and structure of the fims. The optimum composition for charge transfer within composite films is a 1:1 blend of ZnPc and C-60. Amongst the layered films, there is an increase in charge photogeneration with decreasing layer thickness with a sample having ultrathin (2 nm) exhibiting the strongest THz absorption. A much stronger THz absorption signal was obtained from the layered structure than for the best composite film, even both structures contain similar fractions of ZnPc and C-60. C1 [Lane, Paul A.; Melinger, Joseph S.] USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Esenturk, Okan; Heilweil, Edwin J.] NIST, Opt Technol Div, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lane, PA (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375 USA. OI Esenturk, Okan/0000-0001-6539-4344 NR 11 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7706-4 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7416 AR UNSP 74161Z DI 10.1117/12.845719 PG 8 WC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Optics SC Energy & Fuels; Materials Science; Optics GA BBO03 UT WOS:000307649100025 ER PT S AU Scheuerell, MD Hilborn, R AF Scheuerell, Mark D. Hilborn, Ray BE Knudsen, EE Michael, JH TI Estimating the Freshwater Component of Essential Fish Habitat for Pacific Salmon with the Shiraz Model SO PACIFIC SALMON ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIFE HISTORY MODELS: ADVANCING SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE SALMON IN THE FUTURE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Pacific Salmon Environmental and Life History Models CY SEP 13-14, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; POPULATION VIABILITY; PROTECTED AREAS; MANAGEMENT; RECOVERY; SURVIVAL; BASINS AB The 1996 Sustainable Fisheries Act states that all federal fisheries management plans should contain a description of essential fish habitat (EFH). While much emphasis has been placed on estimating EFH for marine stocks, very little attention has been paid to doing so for Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., in part due to their complex life histories. An earlier assessment of EFH for Pacific salmon across the west coast of the United States focused on the freshwater component of EFH due to limited knowledge about marine distributions. That analysis concluded that a more in-depth and smaller-scale examination was needed to assess how freshwater habitat affects the various life stages. Here we use a detailed life history model for Pacific salmon to estimate the freshwater component of EFH for two threatened populations of Chinook salmon within a large watershed draining into Puget Sound, Washington, USA. By accounting for proposed harvest rates, hatchery practices, and habitat structure, we identified 23 of 50 subbasins as EFH for ensuring no significant decrease in the total number of spawners relative to current average escapement. Our analytical framework could be easily applied to other populations or species of salmon to aid in developing recovery and management plans. C1 [Scheuerell, Mark D.] NOAA, Fisheries NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Scheuerell, MD (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM mark.scheuerell@noaa.gov RI Hilborn, Ray/D-6332-2013 NR 30 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-09-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 71 BP 187 EP 202 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BLY21 UT WOS:000271411600011 ER PT S AU McElhany, P Steel, EA Jensen, D Avery, KA AF McElhany, Paul Steel, E. Ashley Jensen, David Avery, Karen A. BE Knudsen, EE Michael, JH TI Uncertainty in a Complex Salmon Habitat Model SO PACIFIC SALMON ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIFE HISTORY MODELS: ADVANCING SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE SALMON IN THE FUTURE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Pacific Salmon Environmental and Life History Models CY SEP 13-14, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc AB The Ecosystem Diagnosis and Treatment (EDT) model has been widely applied in developing recovery goals and in identifying recovery actions for Pacific salmonids. We conducted a sensitivity analysis of this complex model to estimate prediction intervals and to determine which parameter uncertainties have the greatest influence on model output precision. We used the global sensitivity method of Sobol, but applied a hierarchical structuring of model parameters because the model incorporates a very large number of parameters. Initial results suggest that the model prediction intervals are large enough to affect management decisions and that the model may be most sensitive to parameters that cannot be controlled by user input. Sensitivity analysis of large, complex models like EDT is both possible and necessary for making robust natural resource management decisions. C1 [McElhany, Paul; Steel, E. Ashley; Jensen, David; Avery, Karen A.] NOAA, Fisheries NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP McElhany, P (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Paul.Mcelhany@noaa.gov NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-09-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 71 BP 339 EP 356 PG 18 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BLY21 UT WOS:000271411600017 ER PT S AU Steel, EA Beechie, TJ Ruckelshaus, MH Fullerton, AH McElhany, P Roni, P AF Steel, E. Ashley Beechie, Timothy J. Ruckelshaus, Mary H. Fullerton, Aimee H. McElhany, Paul Roni, Phil BE Knudsen, EE Michael, JH TI Mind the Gap: Uncertainty and Model Communication between Managers and Scientists SO PACIFIC SALMON ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIFE HISTORY MODELS: ADVANCING SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE SALMON IN THE FUTURE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Pacific Salmon Environmental and Life History Models CY SEP 13-14, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; STRATEGIES; WASHINGTON; DENSITY; STREAM; OREGON; RISK AB Natural resource management requires difficult decisions, broad societal costs, and sacrifices from private landowners and public agencies. With so many financial, ecological and cultural resources at stake, policy-makers, managers, and citizens need scientific predictions that can help resolve conflicts and balance the often competing needs of ecosystems and communities. Modeled information is essential for meeting this need. The words "model uncertainty" are often misinterpreted as describing a lack of knowledge about model output. In fact, they describe knowledge, not only of the one most likely modeled estimate, but also of all the other possible estimates that the model might have provided, and their likelihood. We present six case studies, from salmon habitat recovery planning, illustrating how scientists can provide more useful products by describing distributions of possible outcomes as formal probability distributions, as confidence intervals, or as descriptions of alternative scenarios. In terms of management effectiveness, the communication and use of model uncertainty can be at least as important as the quality of the original model. C1 [Steel, E. Ashley; Beechie, Timothy J.; Ruckelshaus, Mary H.; Fullerton, Aimee H.; McElhany, Paul; Roni, Phil] NOAA, Fisheries NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Steel, EA (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Ashley.Steel@noaa.gov NR 24 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-09-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 71 BP 357 EP 372 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BLY21 UT WOS:000271411600018 ER PT S AU Fresh, KL Graeber, W Bartz, KK Davies, JR Scheuerell, MD Haas, AD Ruckelshaus, MH Sanderson, B AF Fresh, Kurt L. Graeber, William Bartz, Krista K. Davies, Jeremy R. Scheuerell, Mark D. Haas, Andrew D. Ruckelshaus, Mary H. Sanderson, Beth BE Knudsen, EE Michael, JH TI Incorporating Spatial Structure and Diversity into Recovery Planning for Anadromous Pacific Salmonids SO PACIFIC SALMON ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIFE HISTORY MODELS: ADVANCING SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE SALMON IN THE FUTURE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Pacific Salmon Environmental and Life History Models CY SEP 13-14, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; CHINOOK SALMON; LIFE-HISTORY; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; FISHERIES SUSTAINABILITY; NORTHWEST WATERSHEDS; POPULATION VIABILITY; ATLANTIC SALMON; HABITAT; CONSERVATION AB Four criteria are used to evaluate viability during recovery planning for anadromous Pacific salmonid Oncorhynchus spp. populations listed under the U.S. Endangered Species Act: abundance, productivity, spatial structure, and diversity. Better approaches to evaluate spatial structure and diversity are needed so that potential outcomes of recovery actions can be more fully evaluated. In this chapter, we describe several approaches to evaluating spatial structure and diversity in recovery planning using data that were currently available from salmonid population modeling efforts and spatial analyses, especially of habitat data. We employed a case history approach using information developed during recovery planning for the Chinook salmon O. tshawytscha Evolutionarily Significant Unit (ESU) in Puget Sound. Multiple metrics of spatial structure and diversity were developed from outputs of fish population models and spatial habitat data for different land use scenario. We included analyses at several spatial scales. At the population level, we evaluated spatial structure and diversity of two Chinook salmon populations associated with the Snohomish River Basin, the Skykomish and Snoqualmie. We found that changes in spatial structure and diversity varied between the two populations when historical (baseline) and current conditions (a future condition expected if no significant changes occurred in the present rate and type of land use actions) were compared. Changes were more pronounced for the Skykomish population than for the Snoqualmie population. At the watershed scale, we analyzed changes in ecological diversity in six watersheds. of the six watersheds considered, there was little evidence of a change in ecological diversity between historical and current habitat conditions (as reflected by changes in adult spawner and juvenile rearing capacities) in three watersheds (Dungeness, Snohomish, and Stillaguamish) while a more significant change in diversity was indicated in three other watersheds (Green, Puyallup, and Elwha). Changes in spatial structure of the Puget Sound ESU were indicated between historical and current conditions when comparing the proportion of spawners associated with each of the five biogeographical planning units. We recommend future work is needed to evaluate the effects of hatcheries and harvest on spatial structure and diversity, develop and test other metrics, and include other life stages such as those associated with estuarine and Puget Sound habitats. C1 [Fresh, Kurt L.; Bartz, Krista K.; Davies, Jeremy R.; Scheuerell, Mark D.; Ruckelshaus, Mary H.; Sanderson, Beth] NOAA, Fisheries NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Fresh, KL (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kurt.fresh@noaa.gov NR 64 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-09-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 71 BP 403 EP 428 PG 26 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BLY21 UT WOS:000271411600020 ER PT S AU Greene, CM Pess, GR AF Greene, Correigh M. Pess, George R. BE Knudsen, EE Michael, JH TI Multi-Species Modeling for Salmon: Alternatives, Challenges, and Opportunities SO PACIFIC SALMON ENVIRONMENTAL AND LIFE HISTORY MODELS: ADVANCING SCIENCE FOR SUSTAINABLE SALMON IN THE FUTURE SE American Fisheries Society Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Pacific Salmon Environmental and Life History Models CY SEP 13-14, 2005 CL Anchorage, AK SP Amer Fisheries Soc ID POPULATION VIABILITY ANALYSIS; FISHERIES STOCK ASSESSMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEM MODELS; INDIVIDUAL-BASED MODEL; SINGLE-SPECIES MODELS; COLUMBIA RIVER-BASIN; CHINOOK SALMON; PACIFIC SALMON; FOOD-WEB; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA AB In this review, we argue that modeling salmonid populations needs to integrate multispecies dynamics to better address the keystone role of salmon in their ecosystems and management needs for co-occurring species. Despite several challenges of modeling salmon communities, including multiple threats, variable spatial and temporal scales, and different types of interspecific interactions, a number of modeling approaches are potentially available to examine interspecific interactions. We examine these choices in the context of the salmon communities, and discuss opportunities for improving multispecies models to successfully address the ecological and management questions facing salmon populations. To effectively integrate multiple species into salmonid population models, researchers should utilize relatively simple, transparent models that have the capability of examining parameter uncertainty and systematically adding complexity. C1 [Greene, Correigh M.; Pess, George R.] NOAA, Fisheries NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98106 USA. RP Greene, CM (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98106 USA. EM correigh.greene@noaa.gov NR 136 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE, STE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0892-2284 BN 978-1-934874-09-7 J9 AM FISH S S PY 2009 VL 71 BP 429 EP 454 PG 26 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA BLY21 UT WOS:000271411600021 ER PT S AU Lavrentiev-Jr, M Romanenko, A Titov, V Vazhenin, A AF Lavrentiev-jr, Mikhail Romanenko, Alexey Titov, Vasily Vazhenin, Alexander BE Malyshkin, V TI High-Performance Tsunami Wave Propagation Modeling SO PARALLEL COMPUTING TECHNOLOGIES, PROCEEDINGS SE Lecture Notes in Computer Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Conference on Parallel Computing Technologies CY AUG 31-SEP 04, 2009 CL Novosibirsk, RUSSIA SP Russian Acad Sci, Russian Fdn Basic Res, IBM, NVIDIA, HP, Microsoft DE Tsunami Wave Propagation Modeling; Method of Splitting Tsunami; Fine-grain Parallel Algorithms; OpenMP Paradigm; Cell BE Architecture AB Strongest earthquake of December 26, 2004 generated catastrophic tsunami in Indian Ocean. This shows that, in spite of recent technology progress, population at coastal zone is not protected against tsunami hazard. Here, we address the problem of tsunami risks mitigation. Note that prediction of tsunami wave parameters at certain locations should be made as early as possible to provide enough time for evacuation. Modern computational technologies can accurately calculate tsunami wave propagation over the deep ocean provided that initial displacement (perturbation of the sea bed at tsunami source) is known. Modern deep ocean tsunameters provide direct measurement of the passing tsunami wave in real time, which help to estimate initial displacement parameters right after the tsunami wave is recorded at one of the deep ocean buoys. Therefore, fast tsunami propagation code that can calculate tsunami evolution from estimated model source becomes critical for timely evacuation decision for many coastal communities in case of a strong tsunami. Numerical simulation of tsunami wave is very important task for risk evaluation, assessment and mitigation. Here we discuss a part of MOST (Method of Splitting Tsunami) software package, which has been accepted by the USA National Ocean and Atmosphere Administration as the basic tool to calculate tsunami wave propagation and evaluation of inundation parameters. Our main objectives are speed up the sequential program, and adaptation of this program for shared memory systems (OpenMP) and CELL architecture. Optimization of the existing parallel and sequential code for the task of tsunami wave propagation modeling as well as an adaptation of this code for systems based on CELL BE processors (e.g. SONY PlayStation3) is discussed. The paper also covers approaches and techniques for programs optimization and adaptations, and obtained results. C1 [Lavrentiev-jr, Mikhail] Russian Acad Sci, Sobolev Inst Math, Novosibirsk, Russia. [Lavrentiev-jr, Mikhail; Romanenko, Alexey] Novosibirsk State Univ, Novosibirsk, Russia. [Titov, Vasily] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Vazhenin, Alexander] Univ Aizu, Fukushima, Japan. RP Lavrentiev-Jr, M (reprint author), Russian Acad Sci, Sobolev Inst Math, Novosibirsk, Russia. EM mlavr@nsu.ru; arom@ccfit.nsu.ru; vasily.titov@noaa.gov; vazhenin@u-aizu.ac.jp RI Romanenko, Alexey/E-5866-2014; OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-03274-5 J9 LECT NOTES COMPUT SC PY 2009 VL 5698 BP 423 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Hardware & Architecture; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BLW38 UT WOS:000271218500042 ER PT B AU Balakirsky, S Carpin, S Dimitoglou, G Balaguer, B AF Balakirsky, S. Carpin, S. Dimitoglou, G. Balaguer, B. BE Madhavan, R Tubstel, E Messina, E TI From Simulation to Real Robots with Predictable Results: Methods and Examples SO PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND BENCHMARKING OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems (PerMIS 08) CY AUG 19-21, 2008 CL Natl Inst Stand, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand AB From a theoretical perspective, one may easily argue (as we will in this chapter) that simulation accelerates the algorithm development cycle. However, in practice many in the robotics development community share the sentiment that "Simulation is doomed to succeed" (Brooks, R., Mataric, M., Robot Learning, Kluwer Academic Press, Hingham, MA, 1993, p. 209). This comes in large part from the fact that many simulation systems are brittle; they do a fair-to-good job of simulating the expected, and fail to simulate the unexpected. It is the authors' belief that a simulation system is only as good as its models, and that deficiencies in these models lead to the majority of these failures. This chapter will attempt to address these deficiencies by presenting a systematic methodology with examples for the development of both simulated mobility models and sensor models for use with one of today's leading simulation engines. Techniques for using simulation for algorithm development leading to real-robot implementation will be presented, as well as opportunities for involvement in international robotics competitions based on these techniques. C1 [Balakirsky, S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Carpin, S.; Balaguer, B.] Univ Calif, Berkeley, CA USA. [Dimitoglou, G.] Hood Coll, Frederick, MD USA. RP Balakirsky, S (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephen.balakirsky@nist.gov; scarpin@ucmerced.edu NR 41 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0491-1 PY 2009 BP 113 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0492-8_6 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BMM54 UT WOS:000272813500006 ER PT B AU Remley, KA Hough, G Koepke, G Camell, D AF Remley, Kate A. Hough, George Koepke, Galen Camell, Dennis BE Madhavan, R Tubstel, E Messina, E TI Measurements to Support Performance Evaluation of Wireless Communications in Tunnels for Urban Search and Rescue Robots SO PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND BENCHMARKING OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems (PerMIS 08) CY AUG 19-21, 2008 CL Natl Inst Stand, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand ID PROPAGATION; MINE AB We describe general methods for evaluating, the over-the-air performance in various radio propagation environments of wireless devices used for control and telemetry of urban search and rescue robots. These methods are based on identification and evaluation of performance metrics that can be used to assess impairments to the wireless link. The type and level of each impairment are derived from measurement data in a given environment, here a subterranean tunnel. We illustrate flow parameters can be extracted from the measurement data to determine specific values for the performance metrics and discuss how these values can be used to develop standardized test methods for assessing, verifying, or predicting robot performance. C1 [Remley, Kate A.; Koepke, Galen; Camell, Dennis] NIST, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. [Hough, George] New York City Fire Dept, New York, NY USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), NIST, Electromagnet Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. EM kate.remley@nist.gov FU NIST's Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory FX We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the following: Chriss Grosvenor of the Electromagnetics Division of NIST and Dr. Robert Johnk of the Institute for Telecommunications Science (formerly of NIST) for assistance with the measured data; Dr. Bert Coursey, Director of the DHS Office of Standards and Elena Messina and Adam Jacoff of NISTs Manufacturing Engineering Laboratory for funding and supporting this work; Dr. Alex Bordetsky of the Naval Postgraduate School for facilitating the measurements during recent interagency marine interdiction operation system tests; Bill Dunlop, Steve MacLaren, and Dave Benzel of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory for logistical and technical support; Roger Epperson, Park Supervisor and Gary Righettini, Mine Manager of the East Bay Regional Park District and the Black Diamond Mines Regional Preserve, for allowing us to conduct measurements; Frederick M. Remley for details on the NTSC video standard. NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0491-1 PY 2009 BP 187 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0492-8_9 PG 3 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BMM54 UT WOS:000272813500009 ER PT B AU Scrapper, C Madhavan, R Lakaemper, R Censi, A Godil, A Wagan, A Jacoff, A AF Scrapper, C. Madhavan, R. Lakaemper, R. Censi, A. Godil, A. Wagan, A. Jacoff, A. BE Madhavan, R Tubstel, E Messina, E TI Quantitative Assessment of Robot-Generated Maps SO PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND BENCHMARKING OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems (PerMIS 08) CY AUG 19-21, 2008 CL Natl Inst Stand, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand AB Mobile robotic mapping is now considered to be a sufficiently mature field with demonstrated successes in various domains. While much progress has been made in the development of computationally efficient and consistent mapping schemes, it is still murky, at best, on how these maps can be evaluated. We are motivated by the absence of an accepted standard for quantitatively measuring the performance of robotic mapping systems against user-defined requirements. It is our belief that the development of standardized methods for quantitatively evaluating existing robotic technologies will improve the utility of mobile robots in already established application areas, such as vacuum cleaning, robot surveillance, and bomb disposal. This approach will also enable the proliferation and acceptance Of Such technologies in emerging markets. This chapter summarizes our preliminary efforts by bringing to-ether the research community towards addressing this important problem which has ramifications not only from researchers' perspective but also from consumers', robot manufacturers', and developers' viewpoints. C1 [Scrapper, C.] Mitre Corp, 7525 Colshire Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. [Madhavan, R.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Computat Sci & Engn Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Madhavan, R.; Jacoff, A.] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lakaemper, R.] Temple Univ, Dept Comp & Informat Sci, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Censi, A.] CALTECH, Control & Dynam Syst, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Godil, A.; Wagan, A.] NIST, Informat Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Scrapper, C (reprint author), Mitre Corp, 7525 Colshire Dr, Mclean, VA 22102 USA. EM cscrapper@mitre.org; raj.madhavan@ieee.org; lakamper@temple.edu; andrea@cds.caltech.edu; afzal.godil@nist.gov; asim.wagan@nist.gov; adam.jacoff@nist.gov RI Wagan, Asim Imdad/A-8794-2014; OI Wagan, Asim Imdad/0000-0001-9765-5385; Censi, Andrea/0000-0001-5162-0398 NR 41 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0491-1 PY 2009 BP 221 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0492-8_10 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BMM54 UT WOS:000272813500010 ER PT B AU Eastman, R Hong, T Shi, J Hanning, T Muralikrishnan, B Young, SS Chang, T AF Eastman, Roger Hong, Tsai Shi, Jane Hanning, Tobias Muralikrishnan, Bala Young, S. Susan Chang, Tommy BE Madhavan, R Tubstel, E Messina, E TI Performance Evaluation and Metrics for Perception in Intelligent Manufacturing SO PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND BENCHMARKING OF INTELLIGENT SYSTEMS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Performance Metrics for Intelligent Systems (PerMIS 08) CY AUG 19-21, 2008 CL Natl Inst Stand, Gaithersburg, MD HO Natl Inst Stand AB An unsolved but important problem in intelligent manufacturing is dynamic pose estimation under complex environmental conditions-tracking an object's pose and position as it moves in an environment with uncontrolled lighting and back-round. This is a central task in robotic perception, and a robust, highly accurate solution would be of use in a number of manufacturing applications. To be commercially feasible, a solution must also be benchmarked against performance standards so manufacturers fully understand its nature and capabilities. The PerMIS 2008 Special Session on "Performance Metrics for Perception in Intelligent Manufacturing," held August 20, 2008, brought together academic, industrial and governmental researchers interested in calibrating and benchmarking vision and metrology systems. The special session had a series of speakers who each addressed a component of the general problem of benchmarking complex perception tasks, including dynamic pose estimation. The components included assembly line motion analysis, camera calibration, laser tracker calibration, super-resolution range data enhancement and evaluation, and evaluation of 6DOF pose estimation for visual servoing. This Chapter combines and summarizes the results of the special session, giving a framework for benchmarking perception systems and relating the individual components to the general framework. C1 [Eastman, Roger] Loyola Univ, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. [Hong, Tsai; Muralikrishnan, Bala; Chang, Tommy] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Shi, Jane] Gen Motors Res & Dev, Warren, MI 48090 USA. [Hanning, Tobias] Univ Passau, Passau, Germany. [Young, S. Susan] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. RP Eastman, R (reprint author), Loyola Univ, Baltimore, MD 21210 USA. EM reastman@loyola.edu; jane.shi@gm.com NR 38 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-1-4419-0491-1 PY 2009 BP 269 EP + DI 10.1007/978-1-4419-0492-8_12 PG 4 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence SC Computer Science GA BMM54 UT WOS:000272813500012 ER PT J AU Rimmer, CA Lippa, KA Wood, LJ Sander, LC Sharpless, KE Wise, SA AF Rimmer, Catherine A. Lippa, Katrice A. Wood, Laura J. Sander, Lane C. Sharpless, Katherine E. Wise, Stephen A. TI NIST TOOLS FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENT ANALYSIS SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Rimmer, Catherine A.; Lippa, Katrice A.; Wood, Laura J.; Sander, Lane C.; Sharpless, Katherine E.; Wise, Stephen A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Catherine.Rimmer@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PY 2009 VL 47 BP 6 EP 6 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 403OZ UT WOS:000263093200017 ER PT J AU Betz, JM Saldanha, LG Fisher, KD Coates, PM Klein, M Engel, J Pho, AN Sharpless, KE Sander, LC Wise, SA Rimmer, CA Phinney, K AF Betz, J. M. Saldanha, L. G. Fisher, K. D. Coates, P. M. Klein, M. Engel, J. Pho, A. Nguyen Sharpless, K. E. Sander, L. C. Wise, S. A. Rimmer, C. A. Phinney, K. TI THE NIH/ODS ANALYTICAL METHODS AND REFERENCE MATERIALS PROGRAM FOR DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS: FIVE-YEAR ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS SO PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY LA English DT Meeting Abstract C1 [Betz, J. M.; Saldanha, L. G.; Fisher, K. D.; Coates, P. M.; Klein, M.; Engel, J.] NIH, Off Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA. [Pho, A. Nguyen] US FDA, Silver Spring, MD 20993 USA. [Sharpless, K. E.; Sander, L. C.; Wise, S. A.; Rimmer, C. A.; Phinney, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM betzj@od.nih.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1388-0209 J9 PHARM BIOL JI Pharm. Biol. PY 2009 VL 47 BP 29 EP 29 PG 1 WC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Plant Sciences; Medical Laboratory Technology; Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 403OZ UT WOS:000263093200079 ER PT J AU Stoudt, MR Hubbard, JB AF Stoudt, Mark R. Hubbard, Joseph B. TI Fundamental relationships between deformation-induced surface roughness, critical strain localisation and failure in AA5754-O SO PHILOSOPHICAL MAGAZINE LA English DT Article DE information theory methods; aluminium alloys; mechanical behaviour; plastic deformation; polycrystalline metals; sheet metal forming; topological analysis ID SHEET-METAL; GRAIN-SIZE; ALUMINUM-ALLOYS; REAL MATRICES; EIGENVALUES; TOPOGRAPHY; CURVES AB This research employs two approaches to characterise the apparent structure observed in localised strain maps constructed from surface topography data acquired from AA5754-O sheet stock that was deformed in three in-plane stretching modes. The first uses a conventional two-point autocorrelation function (ACF), while the second uses the combination of the eigenvalue spectrum associated with each map and information theory. The results from the ACF analysis are inconclusive, implying that this technique lacks the sensitivity necessary to quantify the relationships between multi-point clustering and strain localisation. The information theory-based approach reveals that the relative spectral entropy increases monotonically, attains a maximum and then decreases sharply to the failure strain. This behaviour occurs in all three strain modes and results from two competing processes: one where the formation of structure is favourable and one where it is not. The crossover point is a clear indicator of the onset of critical strain localisation and, therefore, can be regarded as a precursor to failure because once the dominant process shifts, additional strain results in the precipitate formation of a critical strain localisation event. C1 [Stoudt, Mark R.; Hubbard, Joseph B.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stoudt, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stoudt@nist.gov NR 57 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1478-6435 J9 PHILOS MAG JI Philos. Mag. PY 2009 VL 89 IS 27 BP 2403 EP 2425 DI 10.1080/14786430903120343 PG 23 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering; Physics GA 507HH UT WOS:000270842300006 ER PT S AU Kuznetsova, I Thomas, P Meier, T Zhang, TH Cundiff, ST AF Kuznetsova, Irina Thomas, Peter Meier, Torsten Zhang, Tianhao Cundiff, Steven T. BE Stutzmann, M Stolz, H TI Determination of homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadenings of quantum-well excitons by 2DFTS: An experiment-theory comparison SO PHYSICA STATUS SOLIDI C: CURRENT TOPICS IN SOLID STATE PHYSICS, VOL 6, NO 2 SE Physica Status Solidi C-Current Topics in Solid State Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Nonlinear Optics and Excitation Kinetics in Semiconductors CY MAY 26-29, 2008 CL Klink, GERMANY ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; SEMICONDUCTORS; EXCITATIONS; BEATS AB The recently developed two-dimensional Fourier-Transform-Spectroscopy (2DFTS) in the optical regime has been established as an elegant experiment, which has manifold of applications in the investigation of semiconductor nanostructures. Here we focus on the real and imaginary part 2DFT spectra. As predicted recently, using rephasing and non-rephasing modes, we are able to determine the homogeneous and inhomogeneous broadenings of coupled excitonic resonances even for weak disorder where photon-echo data are not useful. Computed real and imaginary parts of the 2DFTS for rephasing and non-rephasing modes are compared with experimental data of a GaAs quantum well. It is demonstrated, that phase sensitive data for the rephasing and non-rephasing modes are able to accurately provide the disorder induced broadening in a complex coupled: system for each:transition separately. (C) 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co, KGaA, Weinheim C1 [Kuznetsova, Irina; Thomas, Peter] Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, Renthof 5, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. [Meier, Torsten] Univ Paderborn, Fakult Naturwissenschaften, Dept Physik, D-33098 Paderborn, Germany. [Zhang, Tianhao; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Standards &Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Thomas, P (reprint author), Univ Marburg, Dept Phys, Renthof 5, D-35032 Marburg, Germany. EM peter.thomas@physik.uni-marburg.de RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197 FU Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG); John-von Neumann Institute fur Computing (NIC) Julich, Germany; DOE/BES [DE-FG02 02ER15346] FX This work has been supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG), and by the John-von Neumann Institute fur Computing (NIC) Julich, Germany. The work at JILA was supported by DOE/BES Grant No. DE-FG02 02ER15346. NR 17 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PAPPELALLEE 3, W-69469 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 1862-6351 J9 PHYS STATUS SOLIDI C PY 2009 VL 6 IS 2 BP 445 EP + DI 10.1002/pssc.200880302 PG 2 WC Optics; Physics, Applied SC Optics; Physics GA BJD25 UT WOS:000264882800016 ER PT J AU Marcum, JC Halevi, A Weber, JM AF Marcum, Jesse Cohen Halevi, Amit Weber, Joerg Mathias TI Photodamage to isolated mononucleotides-photodissociation spectra and fragment channels SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID EXCITED-STATE DYNAMICS; COLLISION-INDUCED DISSOCIATION; LOW-ENERGY ELECTRONS; GAS-PHASE ACIDITIES; ISOLATED DNA BASES; PHOTOELECTRON-SPECTROSCOPY; THEORETICAL ESTIMATIONS; RESONANT FORMATION; PROTON-TRANSFER; SINGLE DNA AB UV excitation of isolated singly-charged deprotonated mononucleotide anions in the gas phase can lead to their dissociation. We present mass spectrometry results, photodepletion and photofragment action spectra on the UV-photodissociation of deprotonated 2'-deoxyribonucleobase-5'-monophosphates with adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine as nucleobases. We observe the same anionic fragments as in earlier experiments on collision-induced dissociation, although their relative intensities are quite different, especially with respect to the abundance of the deprotonated base anions. The fragment channels correspond to loss of genetic information by cleavage of the CN glycosidic bond and to strand breaking by severing the phosphate-sugar link. We compare the photodissociation spectra with UV absorption spectra of aqueous solutions of the same species and discuss the photodissociation behavior in the context of possible mechanisms and ergodic versus non-ergodic fragmentation. C1 [Weber, Joerg Mathias] Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Weber, JM (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM weberjm@jila.colorado.edu RI Weber, J. Mathias/B-1618-2009 OI Weber, J. Mathias/0000-0002-5493-5886 FU National Science Foundation [PHY-0551010] FX We gratefully acknowledge the National Science Foundation for financial support through the JILA Physics Frontier Center (NSF grant PHY-0551010). NR 53 TC 33 Z9 33 U1 1 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 11 BP 1740 EP 1751 DI 10.1039/b819273a PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 414BF UT WOS:000263838200010 PM 19290345 ER PT J AU Du, BC Rabb, SA Zangmeister, C Tong, YY AF Du, Bingchen Rabb, Savelas A. Zangmeister, Christopher Tong, YuYe TI A volcano curve: optimizing methanol electro-oxidation on Pt-decorated Ru nanoparticles SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID FUEL-CELL CATALYSTS; CO TOLERANCE; ELECTROCATALYTIC ACTIVITIES; ALLOY CATALYSTS; CARBON-MONOXIDE; PLATINUM; RUTHENIUM; OXIDATION; SURFACES; ELECTRODES AB Controlled Pt adlayers were deposited on commercial Ru nanoparticles (NPs) using an industrially scalable one-pot ethylene glycol (EG) reduction based method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electrochemical (EC) CO stripping voltammetry, inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Compared with the previously used "spontaneous deposition", the wet chemistry-based EG method is less technically demanding, i.e. no need to handle high-temperature hydrogen reduction, offers a better control of the Pt packing density (PD), enables the formation of stable, segregated Pt surface adlayers for optimal tuning and use of Pt, and effectively prevents NPs sintering. Two batches of a total of 11 (8 vs. 3) samples with different values of Pt PD ranging from 0.05 to 0.93 were prepared, with a time interval of more than 18 months between the sytheses of the two batches of samples, and an excellent reproducibility of results was observed. All samples were investigated in terms of methanol (MeOH) electro-oxidation (EO) by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). Although the peak current of CV increased as the Pt content increased, the long-term steady-state MeOH electro-oxidation current density of the Pt-decorated Ru NPs measured by CA showed a volcano curve as a function of the Pt PD, with the maximum appearing at the PD of 0.31. The optimal peak activity was similar to 150% higher than that of the industrial benchmark PtRu (1: 1) alloy NPs and could deliver the same performance at half the electrode material cost. Fundamentally, such a volcano curve in the reaction current is the result of two competing processes of the EO of MeOH: the triple dehydrogenation of MeOH that prefers more Pt ensemble sites, and the elimination of poisonous CO that is enhanced by more adjacent Ru/Pt sites via the so-called bifunctional mechanism and also by possible electronic effects at low Pt coverages. C1 [Du, Bingchen; Tong, YuYe] Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, Washington, DC 20057 USA. [Rabb, Savelas A.; Zangmeister, Christopher] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tong, YY (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Dept Chem, 37th & O St,NW, Washington, DC 20057 USA. EM yyt@georgetown.edu RI Tong, YuYe/A-2334-2008 OI Tong, YuYe/0000-0003-2799-022X FU DOE [DE-FG02-07ER15895]; Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab; NSF FX B. D. and YY. T. gratefully acknowledge the financial support from DOE (DE-FG02-07ER15895) and thank Ms O. Zaluzhna for taking TEM pictures shown in Fig. S3 and S4 (ESIw), Professor K. T. Holman for discussions on the XRD results, and Mr O. Ugono and Ms S. Kumalah for assistance in the XRD measurements. We acknowledge the support of the Maryland NanoCenter and its NispLab. The NispLab is supported in part by the NSF as a MRSEC Shared Experimental Facility. NR 50 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 29 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 37 BP 8231 EP 8239 DI 10.1039/b816531a PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 494GK UT WOS:000269799600014 PM 19756279 ER PT J AU Ni, KK Ospelkaus, S Nesbitt, DJ Ye, J Jin, DS AF Ni, K. -K. Ospelkaus, S. Nesbitt, D. J. Ye, J. Jin, D. S. TI A dipolar gas of ultracold molecules SO PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; GROUND-STATE MOLECULES; POLAR-MOLECULES; FESHBACH RESONANCES; ATOMS; PHOTOASSOCIATION; COLLISIONS; BEAMS AB Ultracold polar molecular gases promise new directions and exciting applications in collisions and chemical reactions at ultralow energies, precision measurements, novel quantum phase transitions, and quantum information science. Here we briefly discuss key experimental requirements for observing strong dipole-dipole interactions in an ultracold dipolar gas of molecules. We then survey current experimental progress in the field with a focus on our recent work creating a near quantum degenerate gas of KRb polar molecules [Ni et al., Science, 2008, 322, 231]. C1 [Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ye, J (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM junye@jilau1.colorado.edu; jin@jilau1.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU NSF; NIST; Alexander von Humboldt Foundation FX We thank J. Zirbel, A. Pe'er, M. Miranda, B. Neyenhuis, and D. Wang for their contributions to the work reported here. We thank S. Kotochigova, P. Julienne, G. Quemener, and J. Bohn for their theoretical support. Funding support is provided by NSF and NIST. S. O. acknowledges support from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation and K.-K. N. from NSF. NR 88 TC 35 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1463-9076 EI 1463-9084 J9 PHYS CHEM CHEM PHYS JI Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. PY 2009 VL 11 IS 42 BP 9626 EP 9639 DI 10.1039/b911779b PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 509QM UT WOS:000271033200002 PM 19851539 ER PT J AU Idziaszek, Z Calarco, T Julienne, PS Simoni, A AF Idziaszek, Zbigniew Calarco, Tommaso Julienne, Paul S. Simoni, Andrea TI Quantum theory of ultracold atom-ion collisions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE atom-ion collisions; calcium; charge exchange; numerical analysis; optical lattices; positive ions; quantum theory; resonant states; sodium ID EFFECTIVE POTENTIALS; DEFECT THEORY; SCATTERING AB We study atom-ion scattering in the ultracold regime. To this aim, an analytical model based on the multichannel quantum-defect formalism is developed and compared to close-coupled numerical calculations. We investigate the occurrence of magnetic Feshbach resonances, focusing on the specific (40)Ca(+)+Na system. The presence of several resonances at experimentally accessible magnetic fields should allow the atom-ion interaction to be precisely tuned. A fully quantum-mechanical study of charge-exchange processes shows that charge-exchange rates should remain small even in the presence of resonance effects. Most of our results can be cast in a system-independent form and are important for the realization of charge-neutral ultracold systems. C1 [Idziaszek, Zbigniew] Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. [Calarco, Tommaso] European Ctr Theoret Studies Nucl Phys & Related, I-38050 Villazzano, TN, Italy. [Julienne, Paul S.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Julienne, Paul S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Calarco, Tommaso] Univ Ulm, Inst Quantum Informat Proc, D-89069 Ulm, Germany. [Simoni, Andrea] CNRS, UMR 6251, Inst Phys Rennes 1, F-35042 Rennes, France. [Simoni, Andrea] Univ Rennes, F-35042 Rennes, France. RP Idziaszek, Z (reprint author), Univ Warsaw, Inst Theoret Phys, PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland. RI simoni, andrea/C-1410-2011; Julienne, Paul/E-9378-2012 OI Julienne, Paul/0000-0002-5494-1442 FU Office of Naval Research; Polish Government 2007-2010; European Commission; National Science Foundation; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory FX We acknowledge support from the Office of Naval Research (P.S.J.), Polish Government research grant for years 2007-2010 (Z.I.), European Commission through the Integrated Project FET/QIPC "SCALA" (T.C.), and National Science Foundation through a grant for the Institute for Theoretical Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics at Harvard University and Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (Z.I.,T.C.). NR 20 TC 66 Z9 66 U1 5 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 010702 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.010702 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 401YE UT WOS:000262979000004 ER PT J AU Kotochigova, S Zelevinsky, T Ye, J AF Kotochigova, S. Zelevinsky, T. Ye, Jun TI Prospects for application of ultracold Sr-2 molecules in precision measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE excited states; ground states; molecular moments; molecule-photon collisions; optical lattices; rotational-vibrational states; spectral line broadening; Stark effect; strontium; transition moments; two-photon processes; vibrational states ID FREQUENCY; METROLOGY; LIGHT; LASER AB Precision measurements with ultracold molecules require development of robust and sensitive techniques to produce and interrogate the molecules. With this goal, we theoretically analyze factors that affect frequency measurements between rovibrational levels of the Sr-2 molecule in the electronic ground state. This measurement can be used to constrain the possible time variation of the proton-electron mass ratio. Sr-2 is expected to be a strong candidate for achieving high precision due to the spinless nature and ease of cooling and perturbation-free trapping of Sr [T. Zelevinsky , Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 043201 (2008)]. The analysis includes calculations of two-photon transition dipole moments between deeply and weakly bound vibrational levels, lifetimes of intermediate excited states, and Stark shifts of the vibrational levels by the optical lattice field, including possibilities of Stark-cancellation trapping. C1 [Kotochigova, S.] Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. [Zelevinsky, T.] Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA. [Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ye, Jun] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Kotochigova, S (reprint author), Temple Univ, Dept Phys, Philadelphia, PA 19122 USA. RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011 FU AFOSR; ARO; NIST; NSF FX We acknowledge financial support from AFOSR, ARO, NIST, and NSF. NR 28 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 012504 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.012504 PG 7 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 401YE UT WOS:000262979000071 ER PT J AU Mathey, L Vishwanath, A Altman, E AF Mathey, L. Vishwanath, A. Altman, E. TI Noise correlations in low-dimensional systems of ultracold atoms SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE boson systems; fermion systems; fluctuations; long-range order; noise; optical lattices ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; OPTICAL LATTICE; LIQUIDS AB We derive relations between standard order parameter correlations and the noise correlations in time of flight images, which are valid for systems with long-range order as well as low-dimensional systems with algebraic decay of correlations. Both bosonic and fermionic systems are considered. For one-dimensional Fermi systems we show that the noise correlations are equally sensitive to spin, charge, and pairing correlations and may be used to distinguish between fluctuations in the different channels. This is in contrast to linear response experiments, such as Bragg spectroscopy, which are only sensitive to fluctuations in the particle-hole channel (spin or charge). For bosonic systems we find a sharp peak in the noise correlation at opposite momenta that signals pairing correlations in the depletion cloud. In a condensate with true long-range order, this peak is a delta function and we can use Bogoliubov theory to study its temperature dependence. Interestingly we find that it is enhanced with temperature in the low-temperature limit. In one-dimensional condensates with only quasi-long-range (i.e., power-law) order the peak in the noise correlations also broadens to a power-law singularity. C1 [Mathey, L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mathey, L.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vishwanath, A.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Dept Phys, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Vishwanath, A.] Lawrence Berkeley Natl Labs, Div Mat Sci, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Altman, E.] Weizmann Inst Sci, Dept Condensed Matter Phys, IL-76100 Rehovot, Israel. RP Mathey, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Altman, Ehud/C-1514-2010; Mathey, Ludwig/A-9644-2009 FU U. S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation; Israeli Science Foundation FX We thank E. Demler for stimulating discussions. This work was supported by the U. S.-Israel Binational Science Foundation (E.A.) and the Israeli Science Foundation (E.A.). NR 26 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 013609 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.013609 PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 401YE UT WOS:000262979000137 ER PT J AU Mathey, L Danshita, I Clark, CW AF Mathey, L. Danshita, Ippei Clark, Charles W. TI Creating a supersolid in one-dimensional Bose mixtures SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE boson systems; charge density waves; Luttinger liquid ID TONKS-GIRARDEAU GAS; EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; OPTICAL LATTICE; ULTRACOLD ATOMS; SUPERFLUID; BOSONS; PHASE AB We identify a one-dimensional supersolid phase in a binary mixture of near-hard-core bosons with weak, local interspecies repulsion. We find realistic conditions under which such a phase, defined here as the coexistence of quasisuperfluidity and quasi-charge-density-wave order, can be produced and observed in finite ultracold atom systems in a harmonic trap. Our analysis is based on Luttinger liquid theory supported by numerical calculations using the time-evolving block decimation method. Clear experimental signatures of these two orders can be found, respectively, in time-of-flight interference patterns and the structure factor S(k) derived from density correlations. C1 [Mathey, L.; Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mathey, L.; Clark, Charles W.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Danshita, Ippei] Tokyo Univ Sci, Fac Sci, Dept Phys, Shinjuku Ku, Tokyo 1628601, Japan. RP Mathey, L (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Mathey, Ludwig/A-9644-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; FU JSPS FX We appreciate conversations with Ian Spielman. I.D. acknowledges support from a Grant-in-Aid from JSPS. NR 43 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 011602 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.79.011602 PG 4 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 401YE UT WOS:000262979000009 ER PT J AU Clancy, JP Ruff, JPC Dunsiger, SR Zhao, Y Dabkowska, HA Gardner, JS Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Jenkins, T Gaulin, BD AF Clancy, J. P. Ruff, J. P. C. Dunsiger, S. R. Zhao, Y. Dabkowska, H. A. Gardner, J. S. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Jenkins, T. Gaulin, B. D. TI Revisiting static and dynamic spin-ice correlations in Ho2Ti2O7 with neutron scattering SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article ID FRUSTRATED PYROCHLORE ANTIFERROMAGNET; MAGNETIC-PROPERTIES; TB2TI2O7; SPECTROMETER; OXIDES; FIELD; MODEL; NIST AB Elastic and inelastic neutron-scattering studies have been carried out on the pyrochlore magnet Ho2Ti2O7. Measurements in zero applied magnetic field show that the disordered spin-ice ground state of Ho2Ti2O7 is characterized by a pattern of rectangular diffuse elastic scattering within the [HHL] plane of reciprocal space, which closely resembles the zone-boundary scattering seen in its sister compound Dy2Ti2O7. Well-defined peaks in the zone-boundary scattering develop only within the spin-ice ground state below similar to 2 K. In contrast, the overall diffuse-scattering pattern evolves on a much higher-temperature scale of similar to 17 K. The diffuse scattering at small wave vectors below [001] is found to vanish on going to Q = 0, an explicit signature of expectations for dipolar spin ice. Very high energy-resolution inelastic measurements reveal that the spin-ice ground state below similar to 2 K is also characterized by a transition from dynamic to static spin correlations on the time scale of 10(-9) s. Measurements in a magnetic field applied along the [1 (1) over bar0] direction in zero-field-cooled conditions show that the system can be broken up into orthogonal sets of polarized alpha chains along [1 (1) over bar0] and quasi-one-dimensional beta chains along [110]. Three-dimensional correlations between beta chains are shown to be very sensitive to the precise alignment of the [1 (1) over bar0] externally applied magnetic field. C1 [Clancy, J. P.; Ruff, J. P. C.; Dunsiger, S. R.; Zhao, Y.; Dabkowska, H. A.; Gaulin, B. D.] McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. [Gardner, J. S.; Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.; Jenkins, T.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gaulin, B. D.] Canadian Inst Adv Res, Toronto, ON M5G IZ8, Canada. RP Clancy, JP (reprint author), McMaster Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Hamilton, ON L8S 4M1, Canada. RI Piper, Walter/B-7908-2009; Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013 FU NSERC of Canada; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The authors would like to acknowledge helpful discussions with M. J. P. Gingras, as well as useful contributions from A. B. Kallin and E. M. Mazurek. This work was supported by NSERC of Canada and utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. The DAVE software package was used for elements of the data reduction and analysis described in this paper. NR 45 TC 45 Z9 45 U1 4 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 EI 1550-235X J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 014408 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.014408 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401XX UT WOS:000262977900056 ER PT J AU Goldman, AI Kreyssig, A Prokes, K Pratt, DK Argyriou, DN Lynn, JW Nandi, S Kimber, SAJ Chen, Y Lee, YB Samolyuk, G Leao, JB Poulton, SJ Bud'ko, SL Ni, N Canfield, PC Harmon, BN McQueeney, RJ AF Goldman, A. I. Kreyssig, A. Prokes, K. Pratt, D. K. Argyriou, D. N. Lynn, J. W. Nandi, S. Kimber, S. A. J. Chen, Y. Lee, Y. B. Samolyuk, G. Leao, J. B. Poulton, S. J. Bud'ko, S. L. Ni, N. Canfield, P. C. Harmon, B. N. McQueeney, R. J. TI Lattice collapse and quenching of magnetism in CaFe2As2 under pressure: A single-crystal neutron and x-ray diffraction investigation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE arsenic alloys; band structure; calcium alloys; crystal structure; electronic density of states; Fermi level; iron alloys; magnetic hysteresis; magnetic moments; magnetic structure; neutron diffraction; phase diagrams; superconducting materials; X-ray diffraction ID 1ST-ORDER PHASE-TRANSITIONS AB Single-crystal neutron and high-energy x-ray diffraction measurements have identified the phase lines corresponding to transitions among the ambient-pressure paramagnetic tetragonal (T), the antiferromagnetic orthorhombic (O), and the nonmagnetic collapsed tetragonal (cT) phases of CaFe2As2. We find no evidence of additional structures for pressures of up to 2.5 GPa (at 300 K). Both the T-cT and O-cT transitions exhibit significant hysteresis effects, and we demonstrate that coexistence of the O and cT phases can occur if a nonhydrostatic component of pressure is present. Measurements of the magnetic diffraction peaks show no change in the magnetic structure or ordered moment as a function of pressure in the O phase, and we find no evidence of magnetic ordering in the cT phase. Band-structure calculations show that the transition into the cT phase results in a strong decrease in the iron 3d density of states at the Fermi energy, consistent with a loss of the magnetic moment. C1 [Goldman, A. I.; Kreyssig, A.; Pratt, D. K.; Nandi, S.; Lee, Y. B.; Samolyuk, G.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Ni, N.; Canfield, P. C.; Harmon, B. N.; McQueeney, R. J.] Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Goldman, A. I.; Kreyssig, A.; Pratt, D. K.; Nandi, S.; Lee, Y. B.; Samolyuk, G.; Bud'ko, S. L.; Ni, N.; Canfield, P. C.; Harmon, B. N.; McQueeney, R. J.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Ames, IA 50011 USA. [Prokes, K.; Argyriou, D. N.; Kimber, S. A. J.] Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin Mat & Energie, D-14109 Berlin, Germany. [Lynn, J. W.; Chen, Y.; Leao, J. B.; Poulton, S. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Poulton, S. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Goldman, AI (reprint author), Iowa State Univ, Ames Lab, US DOE, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RI Prokes, Karel/J-5438-2013; Canfield, Paul/H-2698-2014; McQueeney, Robert/A-2864-2016; OI Prokes, Karel/0000-0002-7034-1738; McQueeney, Robert/0000-0003-0718-5602; Kimber, Simon/0000-0003-0489-1851 FU U. S. DOE [DEAC0207CH11358, DEAC0206CH11357] FX The authors wish to acknowledge very useful discussions with Joerg Schmalian, the assistance of J. Q. Yan with sample preparation, and the assistance of Yejun Feng and Doug Robinson with the high- energy x-ray measurements. The work at the Ames Laboratory and at the MUCAT sector was supported by the U. S. DOE under Contract No. DEAC0207CH11358. The use of the Advanced Photon Source was supported by the U. S. DOE under Contract No. DEAC0206CH11357. NR 26 TC 125 Z9 125 U1 7 U2 30 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 2 AR 024513 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.024513 PG 8 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401XZ UT WOS:000262978100090 ER PT J AU Jo, YJ Lee, S Choi, ES Yi, HT Ratcliff, W Choi, YJ Kiryukhin, V Cheong, SW Balicas, L AF Jo, Y. J. Lee, Seongsu Choi, E. S. Yi, H. T. Ratcliff, W., II Choi, Y. J. Kiryukhin, V. Cheong, S. W. Balicas, L. TI 3:1 magnetization plateau and suppression of ferroelectric polarization in an Ising chain multiferroic SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE calcium compounds; cobalt compounds; dielectric polarisation; ferroelectric materials; ferroelectric transitions; frustration; Ising model; magnetic structure; magnetic transitions; magnetisation; metamagnetism; multiferroics; neutron diffraction; superexchange interactions AB Ferroelectric Ising chain magnet Ca3Co2-xMnxO6 (x similar or equal to 0.96) was studied in magnetic fields of up to 33 T. Magnetization and neutron-scattering measurements reveal successive metamagnetic transitions from the zero-field up arrow up arrow down arrow down arrow spin configuration to the up arrow up arrow up arrow down arrow state with a broad magnetization plateau, and then to the up arrow up arrow up arrow up arrow state. The absence of hysteresis in these plateaus reveals an intriguing coupling between the intrachain state and the three-dimensional geometrically frustrated magnetic system. Inversion symmetry, broken in the up arrow up arrow down arrow down arrow state, is restored in the up arrow up arrow up arrow down arrow state, leading to the complete suppression of the electric polarization driven by symmetric superexchange. C1 [Jo, Y. J.; Choi, E. S.; Balicas, L.] Florida State Univ, Nat High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. [Lee, Seongsu; Yi, H. T.; Choi, Y. J.; Kiryukhin, V.; Cheong, S. W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Lee, Seongsu; Yi, H. T.; Choi, Y. J.; Kiryukhin, V.; Cheong, S. W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Ratcliff, W., II] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jo, YJ (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Nat High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32310 USA. RI Yi, Hee Taek/F-6399-2010 FU NSF [NSF-DMR-0084173]; State of Florida; DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46382]; Korea Science and Engineering Foundation FX The NHMFL is supported by NSF through Grant No. NSF-DMR-0084173 and the State of Florida. L. B. acknowledges the NHMFL in-house research program and Y.J.J. acknowledges the NHMFL-Schuller program. Work at Rutgers was supported by the DOE under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46382. S. L. was partially supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation through the Center for Strongly Correlated Materials Research at Seoul National University. NR 18 TC 33 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 012407 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.012407 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401XX UT WOS:000262977900013 ER PT J AU Klimczuk, T McQueen, TM Williams, AJ Huang, Q Ronning, F Bauer, ED Thompson, JD Green, MA Cava, RJ AF Klimczuk, T. McQueen, T. M. Williams, A. J. Huang, Q. Ronning, F. Bauer, E. D. Thompson, J. D. Green, M. A. Cava, R. J. TI Superconductivity at 2.2 K in the layered oxypnictide La3Ni4P4O2 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE lanthanum compounds; magnetic susceptibility; nickel compounds; specific heat; superconducting materials; superconducting thin films ID TEMPERATURE; DEPENDENCE; LIFEAS; SYSTEM AB We report the observation of superconductivity in La3Ni4P4O2 at 2.2 K. The layer stacking in this compound results in an asymmetric distribution of charge reservoir layers around the Ni2P2 planes. The estimated Wilson ratio, R-W approximate to 5, indicates the presence of strongly enhanced normal-state susceptibility, but many of the basic superconducting characteristics are conventional. The estimated electronic contribution to the specific heat, gamma approximate to 6.2 mJ mol-Ni-1 K-2, is about 2/3 of that found in layered nickel borocarbide superconductors. C1 [Klimczuk, T.; Ronning, F.; Bauer, E. D.; Thompson, J. D.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Klimczuk, T.] Gdansk Univ Technol, Fac Appl Phys & Math, PL-80952 Gdansk, Poland. [McQueen, T. M.; Williams, A. J.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Huang, Q.; Green, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Klimczuk, T (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, POB 1663, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RI Bauer, Eric/D-7212-2011; Klimczuk, Tomasz/M-1716-2013; OI Klimczuk, Tomasz/0000-0003-2602-5049; Ronning, Filip/0000-0002-2679-7957; Bauer, Eric/0000-0003-0017-1937 FU U. S. Department of Energy, Division of basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-98ER457060]; National Science Foundation FX This research at Los Alamos National Laboratory and Princeton University (Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER457060) was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy, Division of basic Energy Sciences. T. M. M. acknowledges support by the National Science Foundation. NR 27 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 012505 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.012505 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401XX UT WOS:000262977900022 ER PT J AU Laver, M Bowell, CJ Forgan, EM Abrahamsen, AB Fort, D Dewhurst, CD Muhlbauer, S Christen, DK Kohlbrecher, J Cubitt, R Ramos, S AF Laver, M. Bowell, C. J. Forgan, E. M. Abrahamsen, A. B. Fort, D. Dewhurst, C. D. Muehlbauer, S. Christen, D. K. Kohlbrecher, J. Cubitt, R. Ramos, S. TI Structure and degeneracy of vortex lattice domains in pure superconducting niobium: A small-angle neutron scattering study SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE flux-line lattice; niobium; superconducting materials; superconducting transitions ID FIELD GALVANOMAGNETIC PROPERTIES; CLEAN TYPE-2 SUPERCONDUCTORS; FERMI-SURFACE; ENERGY GAPS; WAVE SUPERCONDUCTORS; II SUPERCONDUCTORS; GORKOVS THEORY; NB; DIFFRACTION; ANISOTROPY AB High-purity niobium exhibits a surprisingly rich assortment of vortex lattice (VL) structures for fields applied parallel to a fourfold symmetry axis, with all observed VL phases made up of degenerate domains that spontaneously break some crystal symmetry. Yet a single regular hexagonal VL domain is observed at all temperatures and fields parallel to a threefold symmetry axis. We report a detailed investigation of the transition between these lush and barren VL landscapes, discovering new VL structures and phase transitions at high fields. We show that the number and relative population of VL domains is intrinsically tied to the underlying crystal symmetry. We discuss how subtle anisotropies of the crystal may generate the remarkable VLs observed. C1 [Laver, M.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Laver, M.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bowell, C. J.; Forgan, E. M.; Ramos, S.] Univ Birmingham, Sch Phys & Astron, Birmingham B15 2TT, W Midlands, England. [Abrahamsen, A. B.] DTU, Riso Natl Lab Sustainable Energy, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. [Dewhurst, C. D.; Cubitt, R.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Muehlbauer, S.] Tech Univ Munich, Phys Dept E21, D-85747 Garching, Germany. [Christen, D. K.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Div Solid State, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Kohlbrecher, J.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Laver, M (reprint author), NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Kohlbrecher, Joachim/C-8790-2011 OI Kohlbrecher, Joachim/0000-0001-5879-6943 FU Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the U. K., H. Keller (University of Zurich); Institut Laue-Langevin; University of Birmingham; Danish Natural Science Council under DanScatt; European Commission [RII3-CT-2003-505925] FX We acknowledge financial support from the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the U. K., H. Keller (University of Zurich), the Institut Laue-Langevin, the University of Birmingham, the Danish Natural Science Council under DanScatt, and from the European Commission under the 6th Framework Programme through the Key Action: Strengthening the European Research Area, Research Infrastructures, Contract No. RII3-CT-2003-505925. This work is based on experiments performed at the Swiss spallation neutron source SINQ, Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen, Switzerland, and at the Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 014518 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.014518 PG 11 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401XX UT WOS:000262977900106 ER PT J AU Liu, DM Yue, M Zhang, JX McQueen, TM Lynn, JW Wang, XL Chen, Y Li, JY Cava, RJ Liu, XB Altounian, Z Huang, Q AF Liu, Danmin Yue, Ming Zhang, Jiuxing McQueen, T. M. Lynn, Jeffrey W. Wang, Xiaolu Chen, Ying Li, Jiying Cava, R. J. Liu, Xubo Altounian, Zaven Huang, Q. TI Origin and tuning of the magnetocaloric effect in the magnetic refrigerant Mn1.1Fe0.9(P0.8Ge0.2) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; entropy; ferromagnetic materials; germanium alloys; iron alloys; magnetisation; magnetocaloric effects; manganese alloys; neutron diffraction; paramagnetic materials; phosphorus alloys; refrigerants; solid-state phase transformations ID ENTROPY CHANGE; ROOM-TEMPERATURE; TRANSITION; COMPOUND AB Neutron-diffraction and magnetization measurements have been carried out on a series of samples of the magnetorefrigerant Mn1+yFe1-yP1-xGex. The data reveal that the ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases correspond to two very distinct crystal structures, with the magnetic-entropy change as a function of magnetic field or temperature being directly controlled by the phase fraction of this first-order transition. By tuning the physical properties of this system we have achieved a magnetic-entropy change [magnetocaloric effect (MCE)] for the composition Mn1.1Fe0.9P0.80Ge0.20 that has a similar shape for both increasing and decreasing field, with the maximum MCE exceeding 74 J/kg K-substantially higher than the previous record. The diffraction results also reveal that there is a substantial variation in the Ge content in the samples which causes a distribution of transition temperatures that reduces the MCE. It therefore should be possible to improve the MCE to exceed 100 J/kg K under optimal conditions. C1 [Liu, Danmin; Yue, Ming; Zhang, Jiuxing; Wang, Xiaolu] Beijing Univ Technol, Minist Educ, Key Lab Adv Funct Mat, Beijing 100022, Peoples R China. [Liu, Danmin; Lynn, Jeffrey W.; Chen, Ying; Li, Jiying; Huang, Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [McQueen, T. M.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Chen, Ying; Li, Jiying] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Liu, Xubo; Altounian, Zaven] McGill Univ, Dept Phys, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. [Liu, Xubo; Altounian, Zaven] McGill Univ, Ctr Phys Mat, Montreal, PQ H3A 2T8, Canada. RP Lynn, JW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeff.lynn@nist.gov RI Liu, Xubo/A-1883-2008 OI Liu, Xubo/0000-0002-2558-0959 FU National High Technology Research and Development Program of China [2007AA03Z458]; Key Project of Science & Technology Innovation Engineering, Chinese Ministry of Education [705004]; National Science Foundation graduate research program; NSF [DMR-0703095] FX This work was supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2007AA03Z458) and the Key Project of Science & Technology Innovation Engineering, Chinese Ministry of Education (Grant No. 705004). T. M. M. gratefully acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation graduate research program. The work at Princeton University was supported by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-0703095. NR 19 TC 33 Z9 37 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 014435 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.014435 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401XX UT WOS:000262977900082 ER PT J AU McQueen, TM Huang, Q Ksenofontov, V Felser, C Xu, Q Zandbergen, H Hor, YS Allred, J Williams, AJ Qu, D Checkelsky, J Ong, NP Cava, RJ AF McQueen, T. M. Huang, Q. Ksenofontov, V. Felser, C. Xu, Q. Zandbergen, H. Hor, Y. S. Allred, J. Williams, A. J. Qu, D. Checkelsky, J. Ong, N. P. Cava, R. J. TI Extreme sensitivity of superconductivity to stoichiometry in Fe1+delta Se SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE iron compounds; proximity effect (superconductivity); stoichiometry; superconducting materials ID FE-SE; SYSTEM AB The recently discovered iron arsenide superconductors appear to display a universal set of characteristic features, including proximity to a magnetically ordered state and robustness of the superconductivity in the presence of disorder. Here we show that superconductivity in Fe1+delta Se, which can be considered the parent compound of the superconducting arsenide family, is destroyed by very small changes in stoichiometry. Further, we show that nonsuperconducting Fe1+delta Se is not magnetically ordered down to 5 K. These results suggest that robust superconductivity and immediate instability against an ordered magnetic state should not be considered as intrinsic characteristics of iron-based superconducting systems. C1 [McQueen, T. M.; Hor, Y. S.; Allred, J.; Williams, A. J.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Huang, Q.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ksenofontov, V.; Felser, C.] Johannes Gutenberg Univ Mainz, Inst Anorgan Chem & Analyt Chem, D-55099 Mainz, Germany. [Xu, Q.; Zandbergen, H.] Delft Univ Technol, Dept Nanosci, Natl Ctr HREM, NL-2628 CJ Delft, Netherlands. [Qu, D.; Checkelsky, J.; Ong, N. P.] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP McQueen, TM (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RI Felser, Claudia/A-5779-2009; Allred, Jared/N-4719-2014; OI Felser, Claudia/0000-0002-8200-2063; Allred, Jared/0000-0002-5953-300X; Ksenofontov, Vadim/0000-0002-1420-1124 FU U. S. Department of Energy; Division of Basic Energy Sciences [DE-FG02-98ER45706]; NSF MRSEC [DMR-0819860]; National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship FX The work at Princeton was supported primarily by the U. S. Department of Energy, Division of Basic Energy Sciences, Grant No. DE-FG02-98ER45706, and, in part, by the NSF MRSEC program, Grant No. DMR-0819860. T. M. M. gratefully acknowledges support of the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship program. NR 23 TC 392 Z9 398 U1 3 U2 89 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 014522 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.014522 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401XX UT WOS:000262977900110 ER PT J AU Phelan, D Millican, JN Thomas, EL Leao, JB Qiu, Y Paul, R AF Phelan, D. Millican, J. N. Thomas, E. L. Leao, J. B. Qiu, Y. Paul, R. TI Neutron scattering measurements of the phonon density of states of FeSe1-x superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE iron compounds; neutron diffraction; phonons; superconducting transition temperature ID RAY ACTIVATION-ANALYSIS; NIST AB Inelastic neutron-scattering experiments have been carried out on polycrystalline samples of the FeSe1-x superconductors. We report the phonon density of states for FeSe1-x with T-c approximate to 8 K. The phonon cutoff frequency is observed around 40 meV. No significant change is observed across the superconducting transition. The measurements support the published first-principles calculations [A. Subedi , Phys. Rev. B 78, 134514 (2008)]. C1 [Phelan, D.; Millican, J. N.; Leao, J. B.; Qiu, Y.; Paul, R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Thomas, E. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Phelan, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The authors would like to thank T. J. Udovic, C. M. Brown, P. M. Gehring, V. Kazimirov, M. Kofu, and S. Ji for helpful discussions and assistance, and are grateful to A. Subedi for providing the PDOS calculations. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 23 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 3 U2 14 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 014519 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.014519 PG 6 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401XX UT WOS:000262977900107 ER PT J AU Warren, JA Pusztai, T Kornyei, L Granasy, L AF Warren, James A. Pusztai, Tamas Kornyei, Laszlo Granasy, Laszlo TI Phase field approach to heterogeneous crystal nucleation in alloys SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE copper alloys; fluctuations; interface phenomena; melting; nickel alloys; nucleation; solidification; wetting ID MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATION; SOLID-LIQUID INTERFACE; PARABOLIC FREE-ENERGY; HARD-SPHERE LIQUID; POLYCRYSTALLINE SOLIDIFICATION; CARBON NANOTUBES; MELT NUCLEATION; EUTECTIC GROWTH; MODEL; PREDICTION AB We extend the phase field model of heterogeneous crystal nucleation developed recently [L. Granasy , Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 035703 (2007)] to binary alloys. Three approaches are considered to incorporate foreign walls of tunable wetting properties into phase field simulations: a continuum realization of the classical spherical cap model (called model A herein), a nonclassical approach (model B) that leads to ordering of the liquid at the wall and to the appearance of a surface spinodal, and a nonclassical model (model C) that allows for the appearance of local states at the wall that are accessible in the bulk phases only via thermal fluctuations. We illustrate the potential of the presented phase field methods for describing complex polycrystalline solidification morphologies including the shish-kebab structure, columnar to equiaxed transition, and front-particle interaction in binary alloys. C1 [Warren, James A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Pusztai, Tamas; Kornyei, Laszlo] Res Inst Solid State Phys & Opt, H-1525 Budapest, Hungary. [Granasy, Laszlo] Brunel Univ, Brunel Ctr Adv Solidificat Technol, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, Middx, England. RP Warren, JA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Pusztai, Tamas/A-5718-2012; Granasy, Laszlo/A-6221-2012; Warren, James/B-1698-2008 OI Pusztai, Tamas/0000-0002-1281-2933; Warren, James/0000-0001-6887-1206 FU Hungarian Academy of Sciences [OTKA-K-62588]; ESA PECS [98043, 98056]; EU [NMP3-CT-2004-500635] FX The authors acknowledge helpful discussions with J. W. Cahn, J. E. Guyer, D. M. Saylor, and G. B. McFadden. This work was supported by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences under Contract No. OTKA-K-62588, ESA PECS under Contracts No. 98043 and No. 98056, and by the EU FP6 Project IMPRESS under Contract No. NMP3-CT-2004-500635. T.P. acknowledges support by the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. NR 92 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 41 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 014204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.79.014204 PG 16 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 401XX UT WOS:000262977900040 ER PT J AU Bullard, JW Garboczi, EJ AF Bullard, Jeffrey W. Garboczi, Edward J. TI Capillary rise between planar surfaces SO PHYSICAL REVIEW E LA English DT Article DE contact angle; differential equations; free energy; integration; variational techniques ID BOUNDARY-VALUE-PROBLEMS; ITERATED DEFERRED CORRECTIONS; CONTACT-ANGLE; NUMERICAL-INTEGRATION; EQUILIBRIUM; DERIVATION; FORMULAS; SOLIDS; SHAPES AB Minimization of free energy is used to calculate the equilibrium vertical rise and meniscus shape of a liquid column between two closely spaced, parallel planar surfaces that are inert and immobile. States of minimum free energy are found using standard variational principles, which lead not only to an Euler-Lagrange differential equation for the meniscus shape and elevation, but also to the boundary conditions at the three-phase junction where the liquid meniscus intersects the solid walls. The analysis shows that the classical Young-Dupre equation for the thermodynamic contact angle is valid at the three-phase junction, as already shown for sessile drops with or without the influence of a gravitational field. Integration of the Euler-Lagrange equation shows that a generalized Laplace-Young (LY) equation first proposed by O'Brien, Craig, and Peyton [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 26, 500 (1968)] gives an exact prediction of the mean elevation of the meniscus at any wall separation, whereas the classical LY equation for the elevation of the midpoint of the meniscus is accurate only when the separation approaches zero or infinity. When both walls are identical, the meniscus is symmetric about the midpoint, and the midpoint elevation is a more traditional and convenient measure of capillary rise than the mean elevation. Therefore, for this symmetric system a different equation is fitted to numerical predictions of the midpoint elevation and is shown to give excellent agreement for contact angles between 15 degrees and 160 degrees and wall separations up to 30 mm. When the walls have dissimilar surface properties, the meniscus generally assumes an asymmetric shape, and significant elevation of the liquid column can occur even when one of the walls has a contact angle significantly greater than 90 degrees. The height of the capillary rise depends on the spacing between the walls and also on the difference in contact angles at the two surfaces. When the contact angle at one wall is greater than 90 degrees but the contact angle at the other wall is less than 90 degrees, the meniscus can have an inflection point separating a region of positive curvature from a region of negative curvature, the inflection point being pinned at zero height. However, this condition arises only when the spacing between the walls exceeds a threshold value that depends on the difference in contact angles. C1 [Bullard, Jeffrey W.; Garboczi, Edward J.] NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bullard, JW (reprint author), NIST, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jeffrey.bullard@nist.gov; edward.garboczi@nist.gov NR 31 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 16 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1539-3755 J9 PHYS REV E JI Phys. Rev. E PD JAN PY 2009 VL 79 IS 1 AR 011604 DI 10.1103/PhysRevE.79.011604 PN 1 PG 8 WC Physics, Fluids & Plasmas; Physics, Mathematical SC Physics GA 401XP UT WOS:000262976600055 PM 19257042 ER PT J AU Abdulagatov, IM Safarov, J Guliyev, T Shahverdiyev, A Hassel, E AF Abdulagatov, I. M. Safarov, J. Guliyev, T. Shahverdiyev, A. Hassel, E. TI High temperature and high pressure volumetric properties of (methanol plus [BMIM+][OcSO-4]) mixtures SO PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF LIQUIDS LA English DT Article DE 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium octylsulphate; apparent molar volume; correlation function integrals; density; equation of state; excess molar volume; ionic liquid; methanol; partial molar volume ID PARTIAL MOLAR VOLUMES; IONIC LIQUIDS; BINARY-MIXTURES; THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES; INFINITE-DILUTION; TAIT EQUATION; PHYSICAL-PROPERTIES; PROPERTIES EXCESS; TERNARY MIXTURES; REFRACTIVE-INDEX AB The (p, , T) and some derived volumetric properties such as excess, partial and apparent molar volumes of [BMIM+][[image omitted]] in methanol at temperatures T = (298.15-398.15) K and pressures up to p = 40 MPa have been measured with a vibrating-tube densimeter. Measurements were made at seven concentrations of x = (0.0388, 0.1351, 0.2785, 0.4961, 0.7497, 0.9312 and 1.0) mole fraction of [BMIM+][[image omitted]]. The total uncertainty of density, temperature, pressure and concentration measurements were estimated to be less than 0.15 kg m-3, 15 mK, 5 kPa and 10-4 mole fraction, respectively. The uncertainties reported in this article are expanded uncertainties at the 95% confidence level with a coverage factor of k = 2. The effect of temperature, pressure and concentration on the density and derived volumetric properties was studied. The measured densities were used to develop a Tait-type equation of state (EOS) for the mixture and the pure components. The derived values of apparent molar volumes were extrapolated to zero concentration using Pitzer's ion-interaction model to calculate the values of apparent molar volumes (or partial molar volumes) at infinite dilution. The method of correlation function integrals is used to study the structural and thermodynamic properties of dilute methanol + ILs mixtures. The structural properties, such as direct and total correlation function integrals and cluster size (coordination number), were calculated using the Krichevskii function concept and EOS for the mixture at infinite dilution. C1 [Abdulagatov, I. M.] Russian Acad Sci, Dagestan Sci Ctr, Geothermal Res Inst, Makhachkala, Dagestan, Russia. [Safarov, J.; Hassel, E.] Univ Rostock, Lehrstuhl Tech Thermodynam, Rostock, Germany. [Safarov, J.; Guliyev, T.; Shahverdiyev, A.] Azerbaijan Tech Univ, Baku, Azerbaijan. RP Abdulagatov, IM (reprint author), NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM ilmutdin@boulder.nist.gov NR 62 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0031-9104 J9 PHYS CHEM LIQ JI Phys. Chem. Liq. PY 2009 VL 47 IS 1 BP 9 EP 34 AR PII 908463658 DI 10.1080/00319100802372106 PG 26 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 403PA UT WOS:000263093300003 ER PT S AU Zhu, XX Gu, DF Li, QL Baumgart, H Ioannou, DE Suehle, JS Richter, CA AF Zhu, Xiaoxiao Gu, Diefeng Li, Qiliang Baumgart, H. Ioannou, D. E. Suehle, J. S. Richter, C. A. BE Kar, S Houssa, M VanElshocht, S Landheer, D TI Application of ALD high-k Dielectric Films as Charge Storage Layer and Blocking Oxide in Nonvolatile Memories SO PHYSICS AND TECHNOLOGY OF HIGH-K GATE DIELECTRICS 7 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th International Symposium on High Dielectric Constant Materials and Gate Stacks held during the 216th Meeting of The Electrochemical-Society CY OCT 05-07, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc, Electrochem Soc, Dielectr Sci & Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Elect & Photon Div ID HFO2; CELL AB ALD high-k dielectric films of HfO2 were utilized for the charge trapping layer and Al2O3 for the blocking oxide layer during fabrication of several Metal/Al2O3/HfO2/SiO2/Si (MAHOS) nonvolatile memory (NVM) cells based on Si nanowire channel. Si nanowires grown from predefined Au catalysts were integrated into memory devices by using a self-aligning approach. For benchmarking and comparison a different Metal/SiO2/HfO2/SiO2/Si (MOHOS) nonvolatile memory cell with a SiO2 blocking layer was also processed. All the Si nanowire nonvolatile memory cells show a large memory window, good endurance and retention, however, the MAHOS cells with Al2O3 blocking layers outperform the MOHOS cell with SiO2 blocking layer. C1 [Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Li, Qiliang; Ioannou, D. E.; Suehle, J. S.; Richter, C. A.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhu, Xiaoxiao; Li, Qiliang; Ioannou, D. E.; Suehle, J. S.; Richter, C. A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, CMOS & Novel Dev Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gu, Diefeng; Baumgart, H.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Gu, Diefeng; Ioannou, D. E.] Appl Res Ctr ODU, Jefferson Lab, Newport News, VA 23606 USA. RP Zhu, XX (reprint author), George Mason Univ, Dept Elect Engn & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM hbaumgar@odu.edu RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 NR 11 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-093-2; 978-1-56677-743-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 25 IS 6 BP 473 EP 479 DI 10.1149/1.3206647 PG 7 WC Electrochemistry; Physics, Applied SC Electrochemistry; Physics GA BA8GO UT WOS:000338086300046 ER PT S AU Marx, E AF Marx, Egon BE Kong, JA TI Integral Equations for 3-D Scattering: Finite Strip on a Substrate SO PIERS 2009 BEIJING: PROGESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS I AND II SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS 2009) CY MAR 23-27, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Electromagnet Acad Zhejiang Univ, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat, Res Lab Elect, Electromagnet Acad AB Singular integral equations that determine the exact fields scattered by a dielectric or conducting finite strip on a substrate are presented. The computation of the image of such a scatterer from these fields by Fourier optics methods is also shown. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marx, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-08-0 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2009 BP 1326 EP 1329 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKH38 UT WOS:000268101100280 ER PT S AU Marx, E Potzick, J AF Marx, Egon Potzick, James BE Kong, JA TI Computational Parameters in Simulation of Microscope Images SO PIERS 2009 BEIJING: PROGESS IN ELECTROMAGNETICS RESEARCH SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS I AND II SE Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Progress in Electromagnetics Research Symposium (PIERS 2009) CY MAR 23-27, 2009 CL Beijing, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Beijing Jiaotong Univ, Zhejiang Univ, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Electromagnet Acad Zhejiang Univ, MIT Ctr Electromagnet Theory & Applicat, Res Lab Elect, Electromagnet Acad AB The simulation of microscope images computed from scattered fields determined using integral equations depends on a number of parameters that axe not related to the scatterer or to the microscope but axe choices made for the computation method. The effect of different choices on the images and on the estimated line width are determined for two typical configurations. C1 [Marx, Egon; Potzick, James] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Marx, E (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 4 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROMAGNETICS ACAD PI CAMBRIDGE PA 777 CONCORD AVENUE, STE 207, CAMBRIDGE, MA 02138 USA SN 1559-9450 BN 978-1-934142-08-0 J9 PR ELECTROMAGN RES S PY 2009 BP 1330 EP 1334 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA BKH38 UT WOS:000268101100281 ER PT S AU McDonald, MA Walker, ARH AF McDonald, M. A. Walker, A. R. Hight BE VoDinh, T Lakowicz, JR TI Towards optimization and characterization of dye-embedded gold nanoparticle clusters for multiplexed optical imaging SO PLASMONICS IN BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE VI SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Plasmonics in Biology and Medicine VI CY JAN 26-27, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE gold; nanoparticle; plasmonics; Raman; SERS ID ENHANCED RAMAN-SCATTERING; PROBES; SERS; TAGS AB Metallic nanoparticle clusters coupling strong surface plasmons with a Raman reporter molecule have been developed for application in multiplexed optical imaging. Of interest to our work is the ability of the agents to serve as surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) probes. We present the seed-mediated synthesis and characterization of rhodamine B isothiocyante Au nanoparticle clusters (RhB-AuNPCs). RhB-AuNPCs are anisotropic structures which contain the Raman reporter, RhB, embedded between a gold aggregate core and gold surface layer. In contrast to typical SERS studies, the Raman signal originates from the probe (RhB-AuNPCs) and not from RhB incubated with a noble metal colloid. Characterization of the probes' optical properties is presented. The overall goal of our study is to prepare probes that may be used for the identification and spectroscopic labeling of multiple molecular biomarkers utilizing SERS imaging. C1 [McDonald, M. A.; Walker, A. R. Hight] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP McDonald, MA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM michael.a.mcdonald@nist.gov RI Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009 OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672 NR 17 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7438-4 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7192 AR 71920L DI 10.1117/12.814779 PG 8 WC Biophysics; Optics SC Biophysics; Optics GA BSP31 UT WOS:000285286000013 ER PT J AU Levin, PS Fogarty, MJ Murawski, SA Fluharty, D AF Levin, Phillip S. Fogarty, Michael J. Murawski, Steven A. Fluharty, David TI Integrated Ecosystem Assessments: Developing the Scientific Basis for Ecosystem-Based Management of the Ocean SO PLOS BIOLOGY LA English DT Article ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; INDICATORS; SCIENCE; BIODIVERSITY; COMMUNITIES; FRAMEWORK; SERVICES; IMPACTS; POLICY C1 [Levin, Phillip S.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. [Fogarty, Michael J.] NOAA Fisheries, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA USA. [Murawski, Steven A.] NOAA Fisheries, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Fluharty, David] Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Levin, PS (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. EM Phil.Levin@noaa.gov NR 46 TC 236 Z9 240 U1 5 U2 96 PU PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE PI SAN FRANCISCO PA 185 BERRY ST, STE 1300, SAN FRANCISCO, CA 94107 USA SN 1544-9173 J9 PLOS BIOL JI PLoS. Biol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 7 IS 1 BP 23 EP 28 AR e1000014 DI 10.1371/journal.pbio.1000014 PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 399PE UT WOS:000262811000004 PM 19166267 ER PT S AU Chin, J Forster, A Rice, K AF Chin, Joannie Forster, Amanda Rice, Kirk BE Celina, MC Wiggins, JS Billingham, NC TI Field and Laboratory Aging Effects on Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) Fibers Used in Body Armor SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND PERFORMANCE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymer Performance Degradation and Materials Selection held at the ACS Spring Meeting CY MAR, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc AB In recent years, poly (p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) fibers have become prominent in high strength applications such as body armor, ropes and cables. This study compared the mechanical and chemical properties of yarns extracted from PBO body armor exposed to elevated temperature and moisture in the laboratory with yarns from body armor that had failed in the field. During 26 weeks of laboratory aging, a 30% decrease in yarn tensile strength was observed, which could be correlated to the disappearance of key PBO functional groups as measured via infrared spectroscopy. In field armor, a similar decrease in tensile strength was observed, but the changes in chemistry differed from those observed in the laboratory aging study. Differences in chemical degradation and mechanical damage mechanisms between the two sets of armor are discussed. C1 [Chin, Joannie] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chin, J (reprint author), NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Rice, Kirk/E-5775-2011; OI Forster, Amanda/0000-0001-7397-4429 NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-6978-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2009 VL 1004 BP 113 EP 120 PG 8 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BQE85 UT WOS:000280805100010 ER PT S AU Sung, LP Gu, XH Clerici, C Hu, H Loizou, E Ho, DL AF Sung, Li-Piin Gu, Xiaohong Clerici, Cyril Hu, Haiqing Loizou, Elena Ho, Derek L. BE Celina, MC Wiggins, JS Billingham, NC TI Effect of Pigment Dispersion on Optical Properties and Durability of a TiO(2) Pigmented Epoxy Coating SO POLYMER DEGRADATION AND PERFORMANCE SE ACS Symposium Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Polymer Performance Degradation and Materials Selection held at the ACS Spring Meeting CY MAR, 2007 CL Chicago, IL SP Amer Chem Soc ID POLYMER-COATINGS AB The effect of pigment dispersion on (i) surface morphology and appearance, and (ii) the weathering durability of a TiO(2) pigmented epoxy coating was investigated. The microstructure and dispersion of pigmented epoxy coatings were characterized using ultra small angle neutron scattering (USANS). Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) were used to characterize surface morphology of unexposed and weathered coatings. Surface optical scattering and commercial gloss measurements were carried out to study the corresponding optical properties of the coatings. Preliminary results of optical and surface morphological changes are presented and related to material properties as a function of outdoor weathering for two coatings of different dispersion states. C1 [Sung, Li-Piin; Gu, Xiaohong; Clerici, Cyril; Hu, Haiqing] NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sung, LP (reprint author), NIST, Polymer Mat Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Blvd, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 SIXTEENTH ST NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0097-6156 BN 978-0-8412-6978-1 J9 ACS SYM SER PY 2009 VL 1004 BP 276 EP 286 PG 11 WC Polymer Science SC Polymer Science GA BQE85 UT WOS:000280805100023 ER PT S AU Jean, YC Chen, HM Lee, LJ Yang, JT Gu, XH Hung, WS Lee, KR Lai, JY Sun, YM Hu, CC AF Jean, Y. C. Chen, H. M. Lee, L. James Yang, Jintao Gu, Xiaohong Hung, Wei-Song Lee, Kueir-Rarn Lai, Juin-Yih Sun, Yi-Ming Hu, Chien-Chieh BE Wang, SJ Chen, ZQ Wang, B Jean, YC TI Positronium Chemistry in Polymeric Membrane Systems SO POSITRON AND POSITRONIUM CHEMISTRY SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Positron and Positronium Chemistry CY MAY 11-15, 2008 CL Wuhan Univ, Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Hubei Provincial Govt, Chinese Nucl Phys Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Adv Measurement Technol Inc HO Wuhan Univ DE Positron; Positronium chemistry; positron annihilation; polymer; membrane ID FREE-VOLUME; ANNIHILATION SPECTROSCOPY; INTERFACIAL POLYMERIZATION; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; POLYAMIDE; TRANSPORT; LIFETIME; ANTIPLASTICIZATION; NANOCOMPOSITES; PERMEABILITY AB Positron and Positronium chemistry has been pursued and advanced by many scientists and engineers in both fundamental understanding of Positronium atom and its applications to chemical and polymeric systems during the last decade. This paper presents our recent results from collaborative investigations of positron annihilation in polymeric membranes. Future perspectives of applying Positronium chemistry to membrane science and technology and other related disciplines of nanotechnology, chemical engineering, materials science, energy research, molecules with positrons, biological and medical sciences appear to be promising. C1 [Jean, Y. C.; Chen, H. M.; Gu, Xiaohong] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Lee, L. James; Yang, Jintao] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol Engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gu, Xiaohong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Jean, Y. C.; Hung, Wei-Song; Lee, Kueir-Rarn; Lai, Juin-Yih; Sun, Yi-Ming; Hu, Chien-Chieh] Chung Yuan Christian Univ, R&D Ctr Menmbrane Technol, Chungli 32023, Taiwan. [Lee, Kueir-Rarn; Lai, Juin-Yih] Chung Yuan Christian Univ, Dept Chem Engn, Chungli 32023, Taiwan. [Sun, Yi-Ming] Yuan Ze Univ, Dept Chem Engn & Mat Sci, Chungli 32023, Taiwan. [Hu, Chien-Chieh] Nanya Inst Technol, Dept Chem Engn, Chungli 32023, Taiwan. RP Jean, YC (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM jeany@umkc.edu; chenho@umkc.edu; leelj@chbmeng.ohio-state.edu; yang.1119@osu.edu; xiaohong.gu@nist.gov; home8520@yahoo.com.tw; Krlee@cycu.edu.tw; jylai@cycu.edu.tw; cesunym@saturn.yzu.edu.tw; cehu@nanya.edu.tw OI Sun, Yi-Ming/0000-0002-7779-8714 FU National Science Council (NSC); Center-of-Excellence (COE) Program on Membrane Technology from the Ministry of Education (MOE), R.O.C; NSF-sponsored Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices (NSEC-CANPBD); NIST of USA FX This research is supported by the National Science Council (NSC) and the Center-of-Excellence (COE) Program on Membrane Technology from the Ministry of Education (MOE), R.O.C., the NSF-sponsored Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices (NSEC-CANPBD), and NIST of USA. We appreciate for fruitful collaborations with Dr. Suzukis group at AIST, Japan. NR 33 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 607 BP 1 EP + PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Materials Science; Physics GA BJC57 UT WOS:000264749800001 ER PT S AU Chen, HM Lee, LJ Yang, JT Gu, XH Jean, YC AF Chen, H. M. Lee, L. James Yang, Jintao Gu, Xiaohong Jean, Y. C. BE Wang, SJ Chen, ZQ Wang, B Jean, YC TI Free Volumes in Polymer Nanocomposites SO POSITRON AND POSITRONIUM CHEMISTRY SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Workshop on Positron and Positronium Chemistry CY MAY 11-15, 2008 CL Wuhan Univ, Wuhan, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Hubei Provincial Govt, Chinese Nucl Phys Soc, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Adv Measurement Technol Inc HO Wuhan Univ DE Positron; nanocomposite; glass transition temperature; polystyrene; carbon nanofiber ID TEMPERATURE; POLYSTYRENE AB We have employed positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy to measure the free volumes in nanocomposites of polystyrene with addition of carbon nanofiber (CNF) and carbon dioxide as a function of composition and of temperature. We found that the glass transition temperature (T-g) increases as a function of CNF compositions but significantly decreases as the exposure Of CO2. We also investigate the combination effect of CNF and CO2 and found that the CO2 significantly weakens the bonding between PS and CNF interfaces. The T-g changes are compared with DSC. C1 [Chen, H. M.; Gu, Xiaohong; Jean, Y. C.] Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. [Lee, L. James; Yang, Jintao] Ohio State Univ, Dept Chem & Biomol engn, Columbus, OH 43210 USA. [Gu, Xiaohong] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, HM (reprint author), Univ Missouri, Dept Chem, Kansas City, MO 64110 USA. EM chenho@umkc.edu; leelj@chbmeng.ohio-state.edu; yang.1119@osu.edu; xiaohong.gu@nist.gov; jeany@umkc.edu FU NSF; Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices (NSEC-CANPBD); National Institute of Standards and Technology FX This research is supported by the NSF-sponsored Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center for Affordable Nanoengineering of Polymeric Biomedical Devices (NSEC-CANPBD) and by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 10 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 607 BP 177 EP + PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Materials Science; Physics GA BJC57 UT WOS:000264749800049 ER PT B AU Santori, C Fattal, D Vuckovic, J Pelton, M Solomon, GS Waks, E Press, D Yamamoto, Y AF Santori, Charles Fattal, David Vuckovic, Jelena Pelton, Matthew Solomon, Glenn S. Waks, Edo Press, David Yamamoto, Yoshihisa BE Matsko, AB TI Pillar Microcavities for Single-Photon Generation SO PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS OF MICRORESONATORS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS SE Optical Science and Engineering-CRC LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUANTUM KEY DISTRIBUTION; CRITICAL LAYER THICKNESS; SPONTANEOUS-EMISSION; TURNSTILE DEVICE; CAVITY SYSTEM; FLUORESCENCE INTERMITTENCY; MONOLAYER COVERAGE; COULOMB-BLOCKADE; INAS ISLANDS; DOTS C1 [Santori, Charles; Fattal, David] Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA USA. [Vuckovic, Jelena; Press, David; Yamamoto, Yoshihisa] Stanford Univ, Edward L Ginzton Lab, Stanford, CA 94305 USA. [Pelton, Matthew] Argonne Natl Lab, Ctr Nanoscale Mat, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Quantum Inst, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Solomon, Glenn S.] Univ Maryland, Gaithersburg, MD USA. [Waks, Edo] Univ Maryland, Inst Res Elect & Appl Phys, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Santori, C (reprint author), Hewlett Packard Labs, Palo Alto, CA USA. NR 131 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU CRC PRESS-TAYLOR & FRANCIS GROUP PI BOCA RATON PA 6000 BROKEN SOUND PARKWAY NW, STE 300, BOCA RATON, FL 33487-2742 USA BN 978-1-4200-6578-7 J9 OPT SCI ENG-CRC PY 2009 VL 146 BP 53 EP 132 D2 10.1201/9781420065794 PG 80 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BJT77 UT WOS:000267143400002 ER PT B AU Voorhees, EM AF Voorhees, Ellen M. BE Sanderson, M Zhai, CX Zobel, J Allan, J Aslam, JA TI Topic Set Size Redux SO PROCEEDINGS 32ND ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL ACM SIGIR CONFERENCE ON RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT IN INFORMATION RETRIEVAL LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 32nd Annual International ACM SIGIR Conference on Research and Development in Information Retrieval CY JUL 19-23, 2009 CL Boston, MA SP ACM SIGIR, Microsoft Res, Yahoo, Google, IBM Res, Sun AB The cost as well as the power and reliability of a retrieval test collection are all proportional to the number of topics included in it. Test collections created through community evaluations such as TREC generally use 50 topics. Prior work estimated the reliability of 50-topic sets by extrapolating confidence levels from those of smaller sets, and concluded that 50 topics are sufficient to have high confidence in a comparison, especially when the comparison is statistically significant. Using topic sets that actually contain 50 topics, this paper shows that statistically significant differences can be wrong, even when statistical significance is accompanied by moderately large (>10%) relative differences in scores. Further, using standardized evaluation scores rather than raw evaluation scores does not increase the reliability of these paired comparisons. Researchers should continue to be skeptical of conclusions demonstrated on only a single test collection. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Voorhees, EM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ellen.voorhees@nist.gov RI Voorhees, Ellen/D-1755-2013 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASSOC COMPUTING MACHINERY PI NEW YORK PA 1515 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, NY 10036-9998 USA BN 978-1-60558-483-6 PY 2009 BP 806 EP 807 DI 10.1145/1571941.1572138 PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BLT26 UT WOS:000270976500170 ER PT S AU Beichl, I Cloteaux, B AF Beichl, Isabel Cloteaux, Brian GP IEEE TI A STRUCTURAL APPROACH TO THE TEMPORAL MODELING OF NETWORKS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC 2009 ), VOL 1-4 SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2009 CY DEC 13-16, 2009 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE ID SMALL-WORLD NETWORKS AB Simulation of many dynamic real world systems such as the Internet and social networks requires developing dynamic models for the underlying networks in these systems. Currently, there is a large body of work devoted towards determining the underlying mechanisms that create these networks, but the resulting models have not realistically captured many of the important structural characteristics when compared with real world examples. Towards creating more realistic dynamic models, we propose a method of structurally constructing models of an evolving network. We then conduct a series of computational experiments in modeling the evolution of the autonomous system (AS) topology of the Internet to test the effectiveness of our approach. C1 [Beichl, Isabel; Cloteaux, Brian] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beichl, I (reprint author), NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8910, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM isabel.beichl@nist.gov; brian.cloteaux@nist.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-5770-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2009 BP 780 EP 788 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BUJ11 UT WOS:000289492500075 ER PT S AU Bengtsson, N Shao, GD Johansson, B Lee, YT Leong, S Skoogh, A Mclean, C AF Bengtsson, Nils Shao, Guodong Johansson, Bjorn Lee, Y. Tina Leong, Swee Skoogh, Anders Mclean, Charles GP IEEE TI INPUT DATA MANAGEMENT METHODOLOGY FOR DISCRETE EVENT SIMULATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC 2009 ), VOL 1-4 SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2009 CY DEC 13-16, 2009 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE AB Input Data Management (IDM) is a time consuming and costly process for Discrete Event Simulation (DES) projects. In this paper, a methodology for IDM in DES projects is described. The approach is to use a methodology to identify and collect data, then use an IDM software to extract and process the data. The IDM software will structure and present the data in Core Manufacturing Simulation Data (CMSD) format, which is aimed to be a standard data format for any DES software. The IDM methodology was previously developed and tested by Chalmers University of Technology in a case study in the automotive industry. This paper presents a second test implementation in a project at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in collaboration with an aerospace industry partner. C1 [Bengtsson, Nils] Prod Modeling Corp, Gullbergs Strandgata 36D, S-41104 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Shao, Guodong; Lee, Y. Tina; Leong, Swee; Mclean, Charles] NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Johansson, Bjorn; Skoogh, Anders] Chalmers, Dev Prod & Prod, S-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden. RP Bengtsson, N (reprint author), Prod Modeling Corp, Gullbergs Strandgata 36D, S-41104 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM nbengtsson@pmcorp.com; gshao@nist.gov; bjorn.johansson@chalmers.se; leet@nist.gov; leong@nist.gov; anders.skoogh@chalmers.se; charles.mclean@nist.gov RI Johansson, Bjorn/A-9920-2009; Skoogh, Anders/D-6242-2015 OI Johansson, Bjorn/0000-0003-0488-9807; Skoogh, Anders/0000-0001-8519-0736 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-5770-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2009 BP 1315 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BUJ11 UT WOS:000289492500123 ER PT S AU Johansson, B Fasth, A Stahre, J Heilala, J Leong, S Lee, YT Riddick, F AF Johansson, Bjorn Fasth, Asa Stahre, Johan Heilala, Juhani Leong, Swee Lee, Y. Tina Riddick, Frank GP IEEE TI ENABLING FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS BY USING LEVEL OF AUTOMATION AS DESIGN PARAMETER SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC 2009 ), VOL 1-4 SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2009 CY DEC 13-16, 2009 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE AB Handling flexibility in an ever changing manufacturing environment is one of the key challenges for a successful industry. By using tools for virtual manufacturing, industries can analyze and predict outcomes of changes before taking action to change the real manufacturing systems. This paper describes a simulation tool that can be used to study the effect of level of automation issues on the design of manufacturing systems, including their effect on the overall system performance, ergonomics, environment, and economic measures. Determining a suitable level of automation can provide a manufacturing system with the flexibility needed to respond to the unpredictable events that occur in factory systems such as machine failures, lack of quality, lack of materials, lack of resources, etc. In addition, this tool is designed to use emerging simulation standards, allowing it to provide a neutral interface for both upstream and downstream data sources. C1 [Johansson, Bjorn; Fasth, Asa; Stahre, Johan] Chalmers, Prod Syst, Prod & Prod Dev, SE-41294 Gothenburg, Sweden. [Heilala, Juhani] VTT Tech Res Ctr Finland, Syst Engn, FI-02044 Espoo, Finland. [Leong, Swee; Lee, Y. Tina; Riddick, Frank] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20889 USA. RP Johansson, B (reprint author), Chalmers, Prod Syst, Prod & Prod Dev, SE-41294 Gothenburg, Sweden. EM bjorn.johansson@chalmers.se; asa.fasth@chalmers.se; johan.stahre@chalmers.se; juhani.heilala@vtt.fi; leong@nist.gov; leet@cme.nist.gov; riddick@nist.gov RI Johansson, Bjorn/A-9920-2009; Stahre, Johan/C-5357-2011; Fast-Berglund, Asa/D-4879-2015 OI Johansson, Bjorn/0000-0003-0488-9807; Stahre, Johan/0000-0003-2256-0079; Fast-Berglund, Asa/0000-0002-0524-7913 FU TEKES (Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation.); VINNOVA (Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems, integrates research and development in technology, transport and working life.) through the MERA-program; United States Government FX The authors would like to express gratitude to the SIMTER projects industrial partners. Also, we acknowledge the funding from TEKES (Finnish Funding Agency for Technology and Innovation.) and VINNOVA (Swedish Agency for Innovation Systems, integrates research and development in technology, transport and working life.) through the MERA-program. The work described was also funded by the United States Government and is not subject to copyright. No approval or endorse-ment of any commercial product by the National Institute of Standards and Technology is intended or implied. NR 29 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-5770-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2009 BP 2117 EP + PG 4 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BUJ11 UT WOS:000289492501063 ER PT S AU Jain, S McLean, CR AF Jain, Sanjay McLean, Charles R. GP IEEE TI RECOMMENDED PRACTICES FOR HOMELAND SECURITY MODELING AND SIMULATION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2009 WINTER SIMULATION CONFERENCE (WSC 2009 ), VOL 1-4 SE Winter Simulation Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Winter Simulation Conference 2009 CY DEC 13-16, 2009 CL Austin, TX SP IEEE AB This paper recommends practices for development and deployment of modeling, simulation, and analysis (MS&A) tools for homeland security applications. The proposed set of recommended practices applicable to any MS&A application includes: software engineering practice/ software reliability, modeling practice, model confidence/ verification, validation and accreditation, standards, interoperability, user friendliness and accessibility, performance, and innovative and unique elements. The recommended practices are discussed with respect to the MS&A application types for U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that include: analysis and decision support, systems engineering and acquisition, planning and operations, and training. The practices are also discussed with respect to MS&A application domains relevant to DHS. C1 [Jain, Sanjay] George Washington Univ, 2201 G St NW,Suite 415, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [McLean, Charles R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jain, S (reprint author), George Washington Univ, 2201 G St NW,Suite 415, Washington, DC 20052 USA. EM jain@gwu.edu; charles.mclean@nist.gov FU U.S. Department of Homeland SecurityScience and Technology Directorate with NIST [HSHQDC-08-X-00418] FX The U.S. Department of Homeland SecurityScience and Technology Directorate sponsored the production of this materialunder Interagency Agreement HSHQDC-08-X-00418 with NIST. The work described was funded by the United StatesGovernment and is not subject to copyright NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA SN 0891-7736 BN 978-1-4244-5770-0 J9 WINT SIMUL C PROC PY 2009 BP 2739 EP + PG 3 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA BUJ11 UT WOS:000289492501125 ER PT J AU Mader, GL AF Mader, Gerald L. BA Wang, J Feng, Y Wang, C BF Wang, J Feng, Y Wang, C TI Airborne GPS Positioning with cm-Level Precisions at Hundreds of km Ranges SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 22ND INTERNATIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING OF THE SATELLITE DIVISION OF THE INSTITUTE OF NAVIGATION (ION GNSS 2009) LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 22nd International Technical Meeting of the Satellite Division of the Institute-of-Navigation (ION GNSS-09) CY SEP 22-25, 2009 CL Savannah, GA AB Accurate airborne remote sensing (LIDAR, photogrammetry, gravimetry) is critically dependent on accurate positioning of the aircraft's trajectory using GPS in conjunction with INS. This paper will examine the techniques and results by which we have achieved precisions and estimated accuracies at the cm-level over ranges of hundreds of km for GPS determined aircraft positions. This is customarily done by using several ground-based reference stations, to each of which a separate differential, kinematic GPS solution is computed. These solutions use precise GPS orbits computed by the IGS and the L1 and L2 carrier phases to form the double differenced, ionosphere-free observable with the phase bias's fixed to their integer values. Differences between the trajectories computed using several base stations will check the consistency of the integer fixing and also reveal the effects contributed from those base stations, e. g. multipath, position errors, etc. Common mode errors arising from the aircraft however, will not be seen. The KINPOS program has been used to compare trajectories for a large number of LIDAR and other mapping projects. For example, a project, which used base stations distributed over 2200m in elevation and with distances to the aircraft ranging from 0 to 250km, have shown the importance of estimating tropospheric delay as a function of aircraft altitude. The resulting trajectories for this project had RMS vertical agreements of 2cm and horizontal agreements of 0.5cm. These results are independent of the range to the base stations, the base station elevation and the aircraft altitude. This estimation requires that the GPS antenna on the aircraft be calibrated for phase center offsets and phase center variations. The kinematic data itself is then used to model the variation of total zenith delay. Other flight scenarios as well as quality control will be discussed. C1 NOS NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Mader, GL (reprint author), NOS NOAA, Natl Geodet Survey, Silver Spring, MD USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 2 PU INST NAVIGATION PI WASHINGTON PA 815 15TH ST NW, STE 832, WASHINGTON, DC 20005 USA PY 2009 BP 425 EP 433 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BSG19 UT WOS:000284356200047 ER PT S AU Shein, KPP AF Shein, Khin Phyu Phyu BE Pardalos, P Mastorakis, N Mladenov, V Bojkovic, Z TI Ontology based combined approach for Sentiment Classification SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SE Recent Advances in Computer Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Communications and Information Technology CY DEC 29-31, 2009 CL Vouliagmeni, GREECE DE ontology using formal concept analysis design; opinion mining; part of speech tagging; sentiment analysis; support vector machine AB Text documents contain opinions or sentiments about the objects, such as movie reviews, book reviews, and product reviews etc. Sentiment analysis is the mining the sentiment or opinion words and identification and analysis of the opinion and arguments in the text. In this paper, we proposed an ontology based combination approach to enhance the exits approaches of sentiment classifications and use supervised learning techniques for classifications. C1 [Shein, Khin Phyu Phyu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. Rice Univ, Houston, TX 77005 USA. Colorado State Univ, Dept Phys, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Shein, KPP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. FU U.S. Department of Commerce [BS123456] FX This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Commerce under Grant BS123456 (sponsor and financial support acknowledgment goes here). NR 13 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE SN 1790-5109 BN 978-960-474-146-5 J9 REC ADV COMPUT ENG PY 2009 BP 112 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BOJ05 UT WOS:000276795000018 ER PT S AU Sirkemaa, S AF Sirkemaa, Seppo BE Pardalos, P Mastorakis, N Mladenov, V Bojkovic, Z TI The Challenge of Developing e-Services in Public Sector Organizations SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY SE Recent Advances in Computer Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 3rd International Conference on Communications and Information Technology CY DEC 29-31, 2009 CL Vouliagmeni, GREECE DE e-Services; internet; development; public sector; e-business ID ELECTRONIC COMMERCE; TRUST AB In this paper we look at development of electronic services in public sector organizations. The use of Internet is increasing also in public services, even though development has been rather slow when compared to private sector applications, the e-business. From users point of view it would be important to allow access to services through the internet also in using public sector services. In public sector the services provided by public sector organizations are called e-services when they are made accessible to the users through internet. The goal is to find issues affecting development of successful e-services. What is so different in development of e-services when compared to design of e-business sites? Could experiences from e-business development be used in public sector. C1 [Sirkemaa, Seppo] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sirkemaa, S (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM author@boulder.nist.gov NR 28 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE SN 1790-5109 BN 978-960-474-146-5 J9 REC ADV COMPUT ENG PY 2009 BP 218 EP + PG 2 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Telecommunications SC Computer Science; Telecommunications GA BOJ05 UT WOS:000276795000038 ER PT B AU Rosenband, T Hume, DB Chou, CW Koelemeij, JCJ Brusch, A Bickman, S Oskay, WH Fortier, TM Stalnaker, JE Diddams, SA Newbury, NR Swann, WC Itano, WM Wineland, DJ Bergquist, JC AF Rosenband, T. Hume, D. B. Chou, C. -W. Koelemeij, J. C. J. Brusch, A. Bickman, S. Oskay, W. H. Fortier, T. M. Stalnaker, J. E. Diddams, S. A. Newbury, N. R. Swann, W. C. Itano, W. M. Wineland, D. J. Bergquist, J. C. BE Maleki, L TI ALPHA-DOT OR NOT: COMPARISON OF TWO SINGLE ATOM OPTICAL CLOCKS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH SYMPOSIUM FREQUENCY STANDARDS AND METROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology CY OCT 05-11, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Jet Propuls Lab, Aerospace Corporat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID FINE-STRUCTURE CONSTANT; FUNDAMENTAL CONSTANTS; FREQUENCY STANDARD; TIME-VARIATION; ION; SHIFTS AB Repeated measurements of the frequency ratio of (199)Hg(+) and (27)Al(+) single-atom optical clocks over the course of a year yield a constraint on the possible present-era temporal variation of the fine-structure constant a. The time variation of the measured ratio corresponds to a time variation in the fine structure constant of (alpha) over dot/alpha = (-1.6 +/- 2-3) x 10(-17)/year, consistent with no change. The frequency ratio of these clocks was measured with a fractional uncertainty of 5.2 x 10(-17). Stability simulations for optical clocks whose probe period is limited by 1/f-noise in the laser local oscillator provide an estimate of the optimal probe period, as well as a modified expression for the theoretical clock stability. C1 [Rosenband, T.; Hume, D. B.; Chou, C. -W.; Koelemeij, J. C. J.; Brusch, A.; Bickman, S.; Oskay, W. H.; Fortier, T. M.; Stalnaker, J. E.; Diddams, S. A.; Newbury, N. R.; Swann, W. C.; Itano, W. M.; Wineland, D. J.; Bergquist, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Rosenband, T (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM trosen@boulder.nist.gov RI Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 38 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-283-821-6 PY 2009 BP 20 EP 33 PG 14 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BLM52 UT WOS:000270540200002 ER PT B AU Ludlow, AD Campbell, GK Blatt, S Boyd, MM Martin, MJ Nicholson, TL Swallows, M Thomsen, JW Fortier, T Oates, CW Diddams, SA Lemke, ND Barber, Z Porsev, SG Ye, J AF Ludlow, A. D. Campbell, G. K. Blatt, S. Boyd, M. M. Martin, M. J. Nicholson, T. L. Swallows, M. Thomsen, J. W. Fortier, T. Oates, C. W. Diddams, S. A. Lemke, N. D. Barber, Z. Porsev, S. G. Ye, Jun BE Maleki, L TI QUANTUM METROLOGY WITH LATTICE-CONFINED ULTRACOLD SR ATOMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH SYMPOSIUM FREQUENCY STANDARDS AND METROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology CY OCT 05-11, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Jet Propuls Lab, Aerospace Corporat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID FREQUENCY; CLOCK AB Quantum state engineering of ultracold matter and precise control of optical fields have together allowed accurate measurement of light-matter interactions for applications in precision tests of fundamental physics. State-of-the-art lasers maintain optical phase coherence over one second. Optical frequency combs distribute this optical phase coherence across the entire visible and infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum, leading to the direct visualization and measurement of light ripples. At the same time, ultracold atoms confined in an optical lattice with zero differential ac Stark shift between two clock. states allow us to minimize quantum decohcrence while strengthening the clock signal. For (87)Sr, we achieve a resonance quality factor >24 x 10(14) on the (1)S(0) - (3)P(0) doubly forbidden clock transition at 698 nm [1]. The uncertainty of this new clock has reached 1 X 10(-16) and its instability approaches 1 X 10(-15) at 1 s [2]. These developments represent a remarkable convergence of ultracold atoms, laser stabilization, and ultrafast science. Further improvements are still tantalizing, with quantum measurement and precision metrology combining forces to explore the next frontier. C1 [Ludlow, A. D.; Campbell, G. K.; Blatt, S.; Boyd, M. M.; Martin, M. J.; Nicholson, T. L.; Swallows, M.; Thomsen, J. W.; Porsev, S. G.; Ye, Jun] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Ludlow, AD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RI Campbell, Gretchen/E-8338-2010; Blatt, Sebastian/F-8986-2012; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Campbell, Gretchen/0000-0003-2596-1919; Blatt, Sebastian/0000-0003-2466-9967; Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 6 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-283-821-6 PY 2009 BP 73 EP 81 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BLM52 UT WOS:000270540200007 ER PT B AU Lemke, ND Ludlow, AD Barber, ZW Poli, N Hoyt, CW Ma, LS Stalnaker, JE Oates, CW Hollberg, L Bergquist, JC Brusch, A Fortier, TM Diddams, SA Heavner, T Jefferts, S Parker, T AF Lemke, N. D. Ludlow, A. D. Barber, Z. W. Poli, N. Hoyt, C. W. Ma, L. S. Stalnaker, J. E. Oates, C. W. Hollberg, L. Bergquist, J. C. Brusch, A. Fortier, T. M. Diddams, S. A. Heavner, T. Jefferts, S. Parker, T. BE Maleki, L TI THE Yb OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCK SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH SYMPOSIUM FREQUENCY STANDARDS AND METROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology CY OCT 05-11, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Jet Propuls Lab, Aerospace Corporat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol DE Optical clocks; Optical frequency standards; Optical lattices ID SPECTROSCOPY; LASER AB We describe the development and latest results of an optical lattice clock based on neutral Yb atoms, including investigations based on both even and odd isotopes. We report a fractional frequency uncertainty below 10(-15) for (171)Yb. C1 [Lemke, N. D.; Ludlow, A. D.; Barber, Z. W.; Poli, N.; Hoyt, C. W.; Ma, L. S.; Stalnaker, J. E.; Oates, C. W.; Hollberg, L.; Bergquist, J. C.; Brusch, A.; Fortier, T. M.; Diddams, S. A.; Heavner, T.; Jefferts, S.; Parker, T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lemke, ND (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM oates@boulder.nist.gov RI Brusch, Anders/B-1027-2011; Poli, Nicola/B-2166-2012; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013; Lemke, Nathan/L-9059-2013 OI Poli, Nicola/0000-0003-4225-6832; Lemke, Nathan/0000-0003-4165-0715 NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-283-821-6 PY 2009 BP 200 EP 208 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BLM52 UT WOS:000270540200021 ER PT B AU Heavner, TP Parker, TE Shirley, JH Jefferts, SR AF Heavner, T. P. Parker, T. E. Shirley, J. H. Jefferts, S. R. BE Maleki, L TI NIST F1 AND F2 SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH SYMPOSIUM FREQUENCY STANDARDS AND METROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology CY OCT 05-11, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Jet Propuls Lab, Aerospace Corporat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID DISTRIBUTED CAVITY PHASE; FREQUENCY STANDARDS; POWER DEPENDENCE; ATOMIC FOUNTAIN; SHIFT AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology operates a cesium fountain primary frequency standard, NIST-F1, which has been contributing to International Atomic Time (TAI) since 1999. At the time of the last Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology in 2001, the uncertainty of the standard was delta f/f(0) similar or equal to 1 x 10(-15), which was at that time the state-of-the an. During the intervening 7 years we have improved NIST-F1 so that the uncertainty is currently delta f/f(0) similar or equal to 3 x 10(-16), dominated by uncertainty in the Blackbody radiation induced frequency shift. In order to circumvent the uncertainty associated with the blackbody shift we have built a new fountain, NIST-F2, in which the microwave interrogation region is cryogenic (80K) reducing the blackbody shift to negligible levels. We briefly describe here the series of improvements to NIST-F1 which have allowed its uncertainty to reach the low 10(-16) level and present the first results from NIST-F2. C1 [Heavner, T. P.; Parker, T. E.; Shirley, J. H.; Jefferts, S. R.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Heavner, TP (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-283-821-6 PY 2009 BP 299 EP 307 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BLM52 UT WOS:000270540200034 ER PT B AU Kitching, J Knappe, S Gerginov, V Shah, V Schwindt, PDD Lindseth, B Donley, EA Wang, YJ Hodby, E Eardley, M Jimenez, R Griffith, WC Geraci, A Preusser, J Liebisch, TC Robinson, HG Hollberg, L AF Kitching, J. Knappe, S. Gerginov, V. Shah, V. Schwindt, P. D. D. Lindseth, B. Donley, E. A. Wang, Y. -J. Hodby, E. Eardley, M. Jimenez, R. Griffith, W. C. Geraci, A. Preusser, J. Liebisch, T. C. Robinson, H. G. Hollberg, L. BE Maleki, L TI CHIP-SCALE ATOMIC DEVICES: PRECISION ATOMIC INSTRUMENTS BASED ON MEMS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH SYMPOSIUM FREQUENCY STANDARDS AND METROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology CY OCT 05-11, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Jet Propuls Lab, Aerospace Corporat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol ID VAPOR CELLS; FREQUENCY STABILITY; MAGNETOMETRY; CLOCK AB We describe recent work at NIST to develop compact, low-power instruments based on a combination of precision atomic spectroscopy, advanced diode lasers and microelcctromechanical systems (MEMS). Designed to be fabricated in parallel in large numbers, these "chip-scale" atomic devices may eventually impact a wide range of applications, from the global positioning system to magnetic resonance imaging and inertial navigation. We focus here on recent work to develop compact, high-performance magnetometers. C1 [Kitching, J.; Knappe, S.; Gerginov, V.; Shah, V.; Schwindt, P. D. D.; Lindseth, B.; Donley, E. A.; Wang, Y. -J.; Hodby, E.; Eardley, M.; Jimenez, R.; Griffith, W. C.; Geraci, A.; Preusser, J.; Liebisch, T. C.; Robinson, H. G.; Hollberg, L.] NIST, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO USA. RP Kitching, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Time & Frequency, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO USA. RI Donley, Elizabeth/A-4525-2010 NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-283-821-6 PY 2009 BP 445 EP 453 PG 9 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BLM52 UT WOS:000270540200056 ER PT B AU Shirley, JH AF Shirley, Jon H. BE Maleki, L TI WEIGHT FUNCTIONS FOR BIASES IN ATOMIC FREQUENCY STANDARDS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 7TH SYMPOSIUM FREQUENCY STANDARDS AND METROLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th Symposium on Frequency Standards and Metrology CY OCT 05-11, 2008 CL Pacific Grove, CA SP Jet Propuls Lab, Aerospace Corporat, Natl Inst Stand & Technol AB We present a unified treatment of frequency-standard biases that vary significantly during the period of measurement. We introduce three time-dependent weight functions built from the solution of the unperturbed equations of motion for a two-level system. By integrating a weight function together with the time dependence of a perturbation over the excitation period we find the change in the lineshape and can deduce any biases. The same weight function may be used for treating more than one cause of a bias. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shirley, JH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-283-821-6 PY 2009 BP 483 EP 487 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA BLM52 UT WOS:000270540200061 ER PT B AU Ramirez-Beltran, ND Kuligowski, RJ Castro, JM Cardona, MJ Vasquez, R AF Ramirez-Beltran, Nazario D. Kuligowski, Robert J. Castro, Joan M. Cardona, Melvin J. Vasquez, Ramon BE Chen, SY Li, Q TI A Satellite Rainfall Detection Algorithm SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 8TH WSEAS INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INSTRUMENTATION, MEASUREMENT, CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS: INSTRUMENTATION, MEASUREMENT, ELECTRONICS, CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS SE Electrical and Computer Engineering Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th WSEAS International Conference on Instrumentation, Measurement, Circuits and Systems CY MAY 20-22, 2009 CL China Jiliang Univ, Hangzhou, PEOPLES R CHINA SP WSEAS, Zhejiang Univ Technol HO China Jiliang Univ DE Vector projection; classification; warm rainy clouds; rainfall detection algorithm ID CLOUDS; RADIUS AB A projection algorithm to detect rain cloud pixels in visible and infrared satellite data is introduced in this work. The algorithm is based on-the angle formed by two vectors in the n-dimensional space Rain/no rain pixels are identified by using radar ram rate over the studied area. Satellite data from visible and infrared channels are used to create rain and no rain pixel populations. The central tendency of each population is used to generate rain and no rain calibration vectors. A pixel from an independent data set is used to create a third vector, which is projected onto the previously calibrated vectors, with the purpose of classifying the third vector in one of the two Populations, rain or no rain. Classification is made depending of the magnitude of the projection angle and the probability distribution of the visible and infrared radiation variables. C1 [Ramirez-Beltran, Nazario D.] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Ind Engn, POB 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. [Kuligowski, Robert J.] Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res STAR, NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Castro, Joan M.; Cardona, Melvin J.; Vasquez, Ramon] Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Comp & Elect Engn, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. RP Ramirez-Beltran, ND (reprint author), Univ Puerto Rico, Dept Ind Engn, POB 9030, Mayaguez, PR 00681 USA. EM nazario@ece.uprm.edu; joanmanuelcastro@yahoo.com; cardonam@gmail.com; reve@ece.uprm.edu RI Kuligowski, Robert/C-6981-2009 OI Kuligowski, Robert/0000-0002-6909-2252 FU NOAACREST [NA06OAR4810162]; NSFERC-CASA [0313747]; NOAA-NWS [NA08NWS4680043]; University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez FX This research has been supported by the NOAACREST grant number NA06OAR4810162, the NSFERC-CASA with a grant Number 0313747, the NOAA-NWS grant number NA08NWS4680043, and also by the University of Puerto Rico at Mayaguez. The authors appreciate and recognize the funding support from these institutions. NR 10 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING ACAD AND SOC PI ATHENS PA AG LOANNOU THEOLOGOU 17-23, 15773 ZOGRAPHOU, ATHENS, GREECE BN 978-960-474-076-5 J9 ELE COM ENG PY 2009 BP 61 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA BLX07 UT WOS:000271249100009 ER PT B AU Simiu, E Gabbai, RD AF Simiu, Emil Gabbai, Rene D. GP ASME TI A NEW GENERATION OF TOOLS FOR THE DESIGN OF TALL BUILDINGS SUBJECTED TO WIND LOADS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH BIENNIAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING SYSTEMS DESIGN AND ANALYSIS - 2008, VOL 3 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis CY JUL 07-09, 2008 CL Haifa, ISRAEL SP ASME, Petroleum Div AB Current approaches to the estimation of wind-induced wind effects on tall buildings are based largely on 1970s and 1980s technology, and were shown to result in some cases in errors of up to 40 %. Improvements are needed in: (i) the description of direction-dependent aerodynamics; (ii) the description of the direction-dependent extreme wind climate; (iii) the estimation of inertial wind effects induced by fluctuating aerodynamic forces acting on the entire building envelope; (iv) the estimation of uncertainties inherent in the wind effects; and (v) the use of applied wind forces, calculated inertial forces, and uncertainty estimates, to obtain via influence coefficients accurate and risk-consistent estimates of wind-induced internal forces or demand-to-capacity ratios for any individual structural member. Methods used in current wind engineering practice are especially deficient when the distribution of the wind loads over the building surface and their effects at levels other than the building base are not known, as is the case when measurements are obtained by the High-Frequency Force Balance method, particularly in the presence of aerodynamic interference effects due to neighboring buildings. The paper describes a procedure that makes it possible to estimate wind-induced internal forces and demand-to-capacity ratios in any individual member by: developing aerodynamic and wind climatological data sets, as well as aerodynamic/climatological directional interaction models; significantly improving the quality of the design via rigorous structural engineering methods made possible by modern computational resources; and property accounting for knowledge uncertainties. The paper covers estimates of wind effects required for allowable stress design, wherein knowledge uncertainties pertaining to the parameters that determine the wind loading are not considered, as well as estimates required for strength design, in which these uncertainties need to be accounted for explicitly. C1 [Simiu, Emil; Gabbai, Rene D.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 12 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4837-1 PY 2009 BP 21 EP 28 PG 8 WC Education & Educational Research; Engineering, Mechanical; Physics, Applied SC Education & Educational Research; Engineering; Physics GA BIW59 UT WOS:000263415500004 ER PT B AU Itano, WM Rosenband, T Hume, DB Schmidt, PO Chou, CW Brusch, A Lorini, L Oskay, WH Drullinger, RE Bickman, S Fortier, TM Stalnaker, JE Diddams, SA Swann, WC Newbury, NR Wineland, DJ Bergquist, JC AF Itano, W. M. Rosenband, T. Hume, D. B. Schmidt, P. O. Chou, C. W. Brusch, A. Lorini, L. Oskay, W. H. Drullinger, R. E. Bickman, S. Fortier, T. M. Stalnaker, J. E. Diddams, S. A. Swann, W. C. Newbury, N. R. Wineland, D. J. Bergquist, J. C. BE Ishioka, S Fujikawa, K TI RATIO OF THE AL(+) AND HG(+) OPTICAL CLOCK FREQUENCIES TO 17 DECIMAL PLACES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE 9TH INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON FOUNDATIONS OF QUANTUM MECHANICS IN THE LIGHT OF NEW TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Symposium on Foundations of Quantum Mechanics in the Light of New Technology (ISQM-Tokyo 08) CY AUG 25-28, 2008 CL Adv Res Lab, Hitachi Ltd, Hatoyama, JAPAN SP Phys Soc Japan, Japan Soc Appl Phys HO Adv Res Lab, Hitachi Ltd DE atomic clocks; fundamental constants; optical frequency standards ID FEMTOSECOND LASER; ION; SPECTROSCOPY; HG-199(+); MICROWAVE; AL+; HG+ AB Frequency standards (atomic clocks) based on narrow optical transitions in (27)Al(+) and (199)Hg(+) have been developed over the past several years at NIST. Both types of standards are based on single ions confined in Paul traps, but differ in the methods used to prepare and detect the internal atomic states. Al(+) lacks a strong, laser-accessible transition for laser-cooling and for state preparation and detection. Coupling with a Be(+) ion, trapped simultaneously with the Al(+) ion, enables state manipulation, detection, and cooling of the Al(+) ion. Both standards have achieved absolute reproducibilities of a few parts in 10(17). Development of femtosecond laser frequency combs makes it possible to directly compare optical frequencies. The present determination of f(Al)/f(Hg) is 1.052 871 833 148 990 438 (55), where the uncertainty is expressed in units of the least significant digit. Measurements of f(Al)/f(Hg) made over about one year show a drift rate consistent with zero. This result can be used to place limits on time variations of fundamental constants Such as the fine structure constant alpha. C1 [Itano, W. M.; Rosenband, T.; Hume, D. B.; Schmidt, P. O.; Chou, C. W.; Brusch, A.; Lorini, L.; Oskay, W. H.; Drullinger, R. E.; Bickman, S.; Fortier, T. M.; Stalnaker, J. E.; Diddams, S. A.; Swann, W. C.; Newbury, N. R.; Wineland, D. J.; Bergquist, J. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Itano, WM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM itano@boulder.nist.gov RI Brusch, Anders/B-1027-2011; Schmidt, Piet/F-6384-2011; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 OI Schmidt, Piet/0000-0003-0773-5889; NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA PO BOX 128 FARRER RD, SINGAPORE 9128, SINGAPORE BN 978-981-4282-12-3 PY 2009 BP 307 EP 312 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BMY59 UT WOS:000273917600066 ER PT B AU Chu, W Fu, J Vorburger, T AF Chu, Wei Fu, Joseph Vorburger, Theodore GP ASME TI AN IMPROVED DIGITAL IMAGE CORRELATION METHOD APPLIED TO SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPE IMAGES SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference CY OCT 04-07, 2009 CL West Lafayette, IN SP ASME, Manufact Engn Div DE Digital Image Correlation; Scanning Probe Microscopy; Piezoelectric Tube; Non linearity AB Digital image correlation (DIC) is a method for measuring the surface displacements and displacement gradients in materials under deformation. The method has also been applied to the calculation of image distortion for scanning probe microscopy (SPM). The traditional DIC method directly uses the intensity values of compared images but does not take out-of-plane nonlinearity error into account. However, in SPM measurements, the recorded z-direction value is a sum of the real surface height of the sample and any longitudinal deformation of the piezoelectric tube. In order to improve the calculation accuracy of the displacement fields, an improved DIC method is performed here. Two new parameters related to out-of-plane error are introduced in the mathematical modeling. The in-plane displacements between two compared images are then calculated pixel by pixel, with the z-direction error accounted for. This method is tested by applying it to two pairs of atomic force microscopy (AFM) images along the fast and slow scan directions. C1 [Chu, Wei; Fu, Joseph; Vorburger, Theodore] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chu, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4362-8 PY 2009 BP 289 EP 294 PG 6 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRC99 UT WOS:000282383200035 ER PT B AU Heigel, JC Whitenton, EP AF Heigel, Jarred C. Whitenton, Eric P. GP ASME TI THE EFFECTS OF INTEGRATION TIME AND SIZE-OF-SOURCE ON THE TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT OF SEGMENTED CHIP FORMATION USING INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING CONFERENCE, VOL 2 LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference CY OCT 04-07, 2009 CL West Lafayette, IN SP ASME, Manufact Engn Div AB This paper illustrates the errors due to integration time and size-of-source effects when measuring the temperature of segmented chip formation using infrared (IR) thermography. Segmented chip formation involves narrow periodic shear bands that experience rapid heating and move at high velocities and accelerations. As a result, the values of the measured temperatures depend strongly on the temporal and spatial measurement window used. In this study, an ideal infrared camera is simulated to understand the effects of integration time and size-of-source on the measurement. This analysis does not consider the temporal and spatial transfer functions of the camera system, thus simplifying the analysis to be applicable to all IR thermography users. Incorporating appropriate transfer functions would make the analysis specific to a given camera system. Finite element analysis (FEA) simulation results provide a reference cutting process which is manipulated to mimic motion blur and size-of-source effects. For this purpose, the FEA results adequately represent the cutting process with rapid heating and high chip velocities. For the studied cases, size-of-source has relatively little impact on the measurement results when compared to the effects of integration time. Results show integration times from 1 mu s to 90 mu s significantly affect the measurement results. The maximum temperature measured by the simulated IR camera decreases from an FEA maximum of 735 degrees C to 668 degrees C at 90 mu s integration time. Integration time significantly affects temperature measurement in the periodic shear band but does not significantly affect the simulated measurement error of the chip temperature near the tool rake face. C1 [Heigel, Jarred C.; Whitenton, Eric P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heigel, JC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jarred.heigel@nist.gov; eric.whitenton@nist.gov NR 14 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4362-8 PY 2009 BP 499 EP 508 PG 10 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BRC99 UT WOS:000282383200058 ER PT B AU Fong, JT Filliben, JJ Heckert, NA Dewit, R Bernstein, B AF Fong, Jeffrey T. Filliben, James J. Heckert, N. Alan deWit, Roland Bernstein, Barry BE ODowd, NP TI ROBUST ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR FAILURE PREVENTION SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2008, VOL 6, PT A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Presure Vessels and Piping Conference 2008 CY JUL 27-31, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Pressure Vessels Piping Div DE Aging structures; analysis of variance; applied mechanics; bridge design; design of experiments; engineering safety; error propagation; finite element method; NDE monitoring; RBI; robust design; robustness index; robustness metric; sensitivity analysis; statistical data analysis; structural robustness analysis; uncertainty analysis AB To advance the state of the art of engineering design, we introduce a new concept on the "robustness" of a structure by measuring its ability to sustain a sudden loss of a part without causing an immediate collapse. The concept is based on the premise that most structures have built-in redundancy such that when the loss of a single part leads to a load redistribution, the "crippled" structure tends to seek a new stability configuration without immediate collapse. This property of a "robust" structure, when coupled with a continuous or periodic inspection program using nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques, is useful in failure prevention, because such structure is expected to display "measurable" signs of "weakening" long before the onset of catastrophic failure. To quantify this "robustness" concept, we use a large number of simulations to develop a metric to be named the "Robustness Index (RBI)." To illustrate its application, we present two examples: (1) the design of a simple square grillage in support of a water tank, and (2) a classroom model of a 3-span double-Pratt-truss bridge. The first example is a "toy" problem, which turned out to be a good vehicle to test the feasibility of the RBI concept The second example is taken from a textbook in bridge design (Tall, L., Structural Steel Bridge, 2nd ed., page 99, Fig 43(b), Ronald Press, New York NY, 1974). It is not a case study for failure analysis, but a useful classroom exercise in an engineering design course. Significance and limitations of this new approach to catastrophic failure avoidance through "robust" design, are discussed. C1 [Fong, Jeffrey T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fong, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fong@nist.gov; filliben@nist.gov; alan.heckert@nist.gov; deWit@nist.gov; bernsteinb@iit.edu NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4829-6 PY 2009 BP 1537 EP 1564 PG 28 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BIW77 UT WOS:000263460500182 ER PT B AU Fong, JT Hedden, OF Filliben, JJ Heckert, NA AF Fong, Jeffrey T. Hedden, Owen F. Filliben, James J. Heckert, N. Alan BE ODowd, NP TI A WEB-BASED DATA ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY FOR ESTIMATING RELIABILITY OF WELD FLAW DETECTION, LOCATION, AND SIZING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME PRESSURE VESSELS AND PIPING CONFERENCE - 2008, VOL 6, PT A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Presure Vessels and Piping Conference 2008 CY JUL 27-31, 2008 CL Chicago, IL SP ASME, Pressure Vessels Piping Div DE Design of experiments; failure prediction; nondestructive evaluation; prediction intervals; reliability; statistical dat analysis; structural engineering; tolerance intervals; ultrasonics; uncertainty estimation; web-based analysis; weld flaw detection AB Recent advances in computer technology, internet communication networks, and finite element modeling and analysis capability have made it feasible for engineers to accelerate the feedback loop between the field inspectors of a structure or component for critical flaws by nondestructive evaluation (NDE) and the office engineers who do the damage assessment and recommendations for field action to prevent failure. For example, field inspection data of critical flaws can be transmitted to the office instantly via the internet, and the office engineer with a computer database of equipment geometry, material properties, past loading/deformation histories, and potential future loadings, can process the NDE data as input to a damage assessment model to simulate the equipment performance under a variety of loading conditions until its failure. Results of such simulations can be combined with engineering judgment to produce a specific recommendation for field action, which can also be transmitted to the field by the internet. In this paper, we describe a web-based NDE data analysis methodology to estimate the reliability of weld flaw detection, location, and sizing by using a public-domain statistical data analysis software named DATAPLOT and a ten-step sensitivity analysis of NDE data from a two-level fractional factorial orthogonal experimental design. A numerical example using the 1968 ultrasonic examination data of weld seam in PVRC test block 251J, and the 1984 sectioning data of 251J containing 15 implanted flaws, is presented and discussed. C1 [Fong, Jeffrey T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fong, JT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM fong@nist.gov; heddeno@sbcqlobal.net; filliben@nist.gov; alan.heckert@nist.gov NR 51 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4829-6 PY 2009 BP 1615 EP 1653 PG 39 WC Engineering, Mechanical SC Engineering GA BIW77 UT WOS:000263460500184 ER PT B AU Chiang, MYM Cheng, T Pakstis, L Taboas, J Dunkers, J AF Chiang, Martin Y. M. Cheng, Tianle Pakstis, Lisa Taboas, Juan Dunkers, Joy GP ASME TI FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS AND EMPIRICAL SOLUTION FOR FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATES UNDERGOING LARGE EQUIBIAXIAL STRAINS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2008, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference CY JUN 25-29, 2008 CL Marco Isl, FL SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Bioengn Div C1 [Chiang, Martin Y. M.; Cheng, Tianle; Pakstis, Lisa; Dunkers, Joy] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4321-5 PY 2009 BP 191 EP 192 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BIW31 UT WOS:000263364700096 ER PT B AU Lee, HJ Matos, MA Pakstis, L Cicerone, MT Dunkers, JP AF Lee, Hae-Jeong Matos, Marvi A. Pakstis, Lisa Cicerone, Marcus T. Dunkers, Joy P. GP ASME TI QUANTITATION OF LAMININ ADSORBED ONTO POLYDIMETHYLSILOXANE SURFACES USING VARIOUS TREATMENT PROTOCOLS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE 2008, PTS A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference CY JUN 25-29, 2008 CL Marco Isl, FL SP Amer Soc Mech Engineers, Bioengn Div C1 [Lee, Hae-Jeong; Matos, Marvi A.; Pakstis, Lisa; Cicerone, Marcus T.; Dunkers, Joy P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lee, HJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4321-5 PY 2009 BP 443 EP 444 PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BIW31 UT WOS:000263364700222 ER PT B AU Li, JR Cheng, TL Chiang, MYM AF Li, Jianrong Cheng, Tianle Chiang, Martin Y. M. GP ASME TI FINITE ELEMENT MODELLING OF CELL ADHESION MEDIATED BY RECEPTOR-LIGAND BINDING SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE - 2009, PT A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference CY JUN 17-21, 2009 CL Lake Tahoe, CA SP ASME Bioengn Div ID KINETICS C1 [Li, Jianrong; Cheng, Tianle; Chiang, Martin Y. M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4891-3 PY 2009 BP 549 EP 550 PG 2 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Engineering, Biomedical SC Cell Biology; Engineering GA BPV38 UT WOS:000280089000275 ER PT B AU Chiang, MYM Dunkers, J AF Chiang, Martin Y. M. Dunkers, Joy GP ASME TI AN ANALYTICAL SOLUTION FOR FLEXIBLE SUBSTRATES UNDERGOING SMALL EQUIBIAXIAL STRAINS SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ASME SUMMER BIOENGINEERING CONFERENCE - 2009, PT A AND B LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT ASME Summer Bioengineering Conference CY JUN 17-21, 2009 CL Lake Tahoe, CA SP ASME Bioengn Div C1 [Chiang, Martin Y. M.; Dunkers, Joy] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chiang, MYM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 3 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER SOC MECHANICAL ENGINEERS PI NEW YORK PA THREE PARK AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016-5990 USA BN 978-0-7918-4891-3 PY 2009 BP 701 EP 702 PG 2 WC Cell & Tissue Engineering; Engineering, Biomedical SC Cell Biology; Engineering GA BPV38 UT WOS:000280089000351 ER PT J AU Tsang, W McGivern, WS Manion, JA AF Tsang, Wing McGivern, W. Sean Manion, Jeffrey A. TI Multichannel decomposition and isomerization of octyl radicals SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Octyl; Unimolecular; Decomposition; Isomerization; Pyrolysis ID NORMAL-HEXYL AB The thermal cracking patterns from the decomposition and isomerization of octyl-1 radicals have been determined from the pyrolysis of n-octyl iodide in single pulse shock tube experiments at temperatures in the 850-1000 K range and pressures near 2 bar. Rate constants for the six beta bond scission and five of the six isomerization processes have been derived over all combustion conditions [0.1-100 bar, 700-1900 K]. Comparisons are made with previous studies on the decomposition of other primary radicals. Results are consistent with similar types of reactions having equal rate constants. The larger size of the octyl radicals makes contributions from secondary to secondary radical isomerization increasingly important. The results confirm that the 1-3 H-transfer process (involving a seven member cyclic transition state) have rate constants that are within a factor of 2 of those for the 1-4 process (six member cyclic transition state) It appears that rate constants for 1-2 H-transfer isomerization, involving an eight member cyclic transition state is unimportant in comparison to contributions from other isomerization processes. The strain energy does not appear to play an important role for these larger transition states. The implications of these results to larger fuel radicals will be discussed. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Tsang, Wing; McGivern, W. Sean; Manion, Jeffrey A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tsang, W (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Wing.tsang@nist.gov FU AFOSR [Julian Tishkoff, program manager] FX The authors arc grateful for the support provided by the AFOSR [Julian Tishkoff, program manager] for carrying out this work and for BES/DOE [Frank Tully] for supporting the fundamental aspects of this work. NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 1 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 131 EP 138 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.05.048 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CG UT WOS:000264756800010 ER PT J AU Hayes, CJ Burgess, DR AF Hayes, C. J. Burgess, D. R., Jr. TI Exploring the oxidative decompositions of methyl esters: Methyl butanoate and methyl pentanoate as model compounds for biodiesel SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE DFT; Composite methods; Biodiesel; Mechanism ID DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORIES; HARTREE-FOCK; DISSOCIATION-ENERGIES; ADIABATIC CONNECTION; THERMOCHEMISTRY; ETHYL; ABSTRACTION; COMBUSTION; GEOMETRIES; MECHANISM AB Biodiesel mechanism development poses interrelated challenges. Kinetic parameters of interest for the numerous steps with implications for low-temperature biodiesel combustion can be determined largely via computational means, but the computational approaches that best balance expense and accuracy in generating these parameters have not been systematically determined. A CO(2) production pathway recently proposed in the literature to occur in the methyl esters commonly used as surrogates for complex biofuel chemistry provides an opportunity to explore both these areas. We quantified this previously-proposed CO(2) production pathway using composite (G3B3) calculations and identified areas for potential side reactions, in both methyl butanoate and methyl pentanoate. Alternative isomerizations were also examined and suggest that side reactions may play an increasingly larger role in the chemistry of long-chain methyl esters, compared to methyl butanoate. In methodological terms, G3MP2B3 calculations matched quantitatively and qualitatively well with benchmark G3B3 data, while density functional theory (DFT) approaches generally failed to achieve the accuracy or precision desirable in determining reaction barriers. Potential energy surfaces generated via G3MP2B3 calculations were used to explore kinetic parameters for reactions implicated in early CO(2) production and competing pathways for methyl esters; these parameters were compared to extant mechanistic data. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Hayes, C. J.; Burgess, D. R., Jr.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hayes, CJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Computat Chem Grp, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8380, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carrigan.hayes@nist.gov NR 31 TC 39 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 263 EP 270 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.05.075 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CG UT WOS:000264756800026 ER PT J AU Lenhert, DB Manzello, SL AF Lenhert, David B. Manzello, Samuel L. TI Effects of benzene and naphthalene addition on soot inception in a well-stirred reactor/plug flow reactor SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Incipient soot; Nano-DMA; Aromatic injection ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; LASER-INDUCED INCANDESCENCE; PARTICLE-SIZE MEASUREMENTS; PREMIXED ETHYLENE FLAMES; OXYGEN-ARGON FLAME; DIFFUSION FLAMES; DISTRIBUTIONS; GROWTH; CHARGE; PAH AB A well-stirred reactor (WSR) followed by a plug flow reactor (PFR) is being used to study soot inception. Soot size distributions were measured using two different dilution probes followed by a nano-differential mobility analyzer (nano-DMA). One of the dilution probes was developed for the PFR section, while the second probe was specifically developed for use in the WSR section. Results are presented on the effect of residence time on the soot size distributions obtained for fixed dilution ratio and equivalence ratio. In addition, a technique to inject aromatics and PAH species in the transition region between the WSR and PFR was developed. Results are presented on the effect of benzene and naphthalene on the soot size distributions obtained for differing seeding concentrations and residence times. The results demonstrate for the first time the sensitivity of the soot particle size distribution to the seeding of aromatic species in a WSR/PFR. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Manzello, Samuel L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, BFRL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Lenhert, David B.] Praxair Inc, Tonawanda, NY 14150 USA. RP Manzello, SL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, BFRL, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8662, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuel.manzello@nist.gov FU Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP); National Research Council (NRC) Post-Doctoral Fellowship FX This work was supported through the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP). D.B.L. acknowledges support from a National Research Council (NRC) Post-Doctoral Fellowship. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 13 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 657 EP 664 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.07.016 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CG UT WOS:000264756800072 ER PT J AU Park, WC Atreya, A Baum, HR AF Park, Won Chan Atreya, Arvind Baum, Howard R. TI Determination of pyrolysis temperature for charring materials SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Charring materials; Pyrolysis temperature; Thermal decomposition; Wood ID FLOW FLAME SPREAD; WOOD PYROLYSIS; MODEL; KINETICS AB An energy and mass balanced method of determining the pyrolysis temperature is proposed. The concept is to find the pyrolysis temperature that consumes the same amount of energy to produce the same amount of mass when using the pyrolysis front model as when using finite rate kinetics models for the entire charring process. The resulting pyrolysis temperature has the form of pyrolysis rate weighted average temperature. Comparisons between finite rate kinetics and pyrolysis front models for various boundary conditions. geometries. heats of decomposition, kinetic parameters and assumptions used in the literature were made to assess the proposed method. Models using energy and mass balanced pyrolysis temperature show good agreement with finite rate models and the experiments. Extensive numerical Studies on various factors influencing the charring material pyrolysis show that heat flux, sample size, heat of decomposition and kinetic parameters are the most important factors for determining an appropriate pyrolysis temperature. Thermal conductivity, specific heat and density have a lesser effect on the pyrolysis temperature. For practical application, a non-dimensional correlation is developed to determine the appropriate pyrolysis temperature without solving the problem by using finite rate models. With this correlation the energy and mass balanced pyrolysis temperature can be determined with a standard deviation of 7.6 K. These predictions are validated by comparison with measurements of wood cylinder pyrolysis. A good agreement suggests that simpler pyrolysis front models yield practically useful and accurate results given an appropriate pyrolysis temperature. (C) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Park, Won Chan; Atreya, Arvind] Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Baum, Howard R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Park, WC (reprint author), Univ Michigan, Dept Mech Engn, 2158 GGBL,2350 Hayward St, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. EM wochpark@umich.edu FU NIST [3D1086] FX The research at the University of Michigan was supported by NIST Grant #3D1086. NR 14 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 2471 EP 2479 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.060 PG 9 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CH UT WOS:000264756900100 ER PT J AU Linteris, GT Babushok, VI AF Linteris, Gregory T. Babushok, Valeri I. TI Promotion or inhibition of hydrogen-air ignition by iron-containing compounds SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Hydrogen fire safety; Hydrogen ignition; Ignition promotion; Ignition sensitization; Iron pentacarbonyl ID CARBON-MONOXIDE; NITROUS-OXIDE; DIFFUSION FLAMES; HIGH-PRESSURE; PENTACARBONYL; OXIDATION; KINETICS; OXYGEN; FE(CO)(5); CATALYSIS AB The ignition of stoichiometric and fuel-lean hydrogen-air mixtures near 10()0 K Was Studied, for varying amounts of iron additives. Depending on the initial conditions, the addition of iron pentacarbonyl promotes or inhibits the ignition of hydrogen/air mixtures. The simulations show that iron compounds at I mu L/L(1) reduce the ignition delay by about 30%, and that 50 mu L/L can reduce the ignition delay by a factor or two or three for lean and stoichiometric conditions: at Slightly higher volume fraction (> 150 mu L/L), the ignition is retarded. The effectiveness of the iron compounds is influenced by the form of the added iron, stoichiometry, and initial temperature of the mixture. At low additive Volume fraction, the promotion is the result of relatively fast decomposition of iron pentacarbonyl. which provides a source of radicals at the initial reaction stage during radical pool build-up the ignition promotion is proportional to the amount of iron-containing additive, and mostly, does not involve cycling reactions. In contrast, at higher additive Volume fraction, the ignition is retarded by the iron compounds. through catalytic radical recombination cycles similar to those acting in flame inhibition. The reduction in chain-carrying radical concentrations occurs at later times in the ignition process when the radicals have reached high concentrations. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Linteris, Gregory T.] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Babushok, Valeri I.] NIST, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Linteris, GT (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8665, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM linteris@nist.gov NR 33 TC 16 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 2535 EP 2542 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.09.006 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CH UT WOS:000264756900108 ER PT J AU Dong, YL Prasad, K AF Dong, Yuli Prasad, Kuldeep TI Thermal and structural response of a two-story, two bay composite steel frame under fire loading SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Structure; Fire; Thermal analysis ID BEHAVIOR; DESIGN AB The collapse of the World Trade Center Towers and other recent fires in tall buildings has motivated a study to understand the performance of structural frames under fire loading. A two-storey, two-bay composite steel frame was constructed and was subjected to dead loads using load blocks, and to thermal load by placing the frame in a furnace. The furnace was specially designed to allow for controlled heating of the structural elements that form the various compartments of the test frame. This paper describes the experimental results of it furnace test conducted on three full-scale composite frames. The three tests differed from each other in the number of compartments that were heated by the furnace and in the relative location of the heated compartments. For each test, the Structural elements were subjected to a heat-up phase followed by a cool-down phase. The furnace temperatures as well as the steel and the concrete temperatures recorded during the test are discussed. The thermally induced horizontal displacements and vertical deflections of the various structural elements are presented. Observations on local buckling of the steel beam, cracking of the concrete slab and failure of the beam-to-column connection are tabulated. Experimental results of the three tests are compared and contrasted by Studying the complete deformation process of the test frames over time. Results indicate that the deformation process and time to failure of a structure is highly dependent on the number of compartments that are heated and the relative location of the compartments that are subjected to fire loading. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 [Prasad, Kuldeep] NIST, Fire Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dong, Yuli] Harbin Inst Technol, Harbin, Peoples R China. RP Prasad, K (reprint author), NIST, Fire Res Div, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8663, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kuldeep.prasad@nist.gov NR 12 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 8 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 2543 EP 2550 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.05.007 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CH UT WOS:000264756900109 ER PT J AU Lock, A Aggarwal, SK Puri, IK AF Lock, Andrew Aggarwal, Suresh K. Puri, Ishwar K. TI Effect of fuel type on the extinction of fuel and air stream diluted partially premixed flames SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Laminar flames; Suppression; Fuel type; Partially premixed flames ID CUP-BURNER FLAMES; TRIPLE FLAMES; METHANE FLAMES; SUPPRESSION; MICROGRAVITY; INHIBITION; DIFFUSION; JET; MECHANISMS; HYDROGEN AB Previous investigations have demonstrated that the roles of fuel stream dilution (FSD) and air stream dilution (ASD) in suppressing CO(2)-diluted methane flames are strongly influenced by the level of partial premixing. Herein, we compare this influence for both counterflow and coflow laminar non-premixed and partially premixed flames (PPFs) established with various fuels, including methane, ethylene and acetylene. We find that ethylene and acetylene flames are more difficult to extinguish than those burning methane. For methane, FSD is more effective in suppressing PPFs while ASD suppression is more effective for non-premixed flames (NFs). In contrast, FSD suppression is typically more effective than with ASD for the corresponding ethylene and acetylene flames irrespective of the level of partial premixing. ASD is ineffective in suppressing the investigated coflow ethylene and acetylene flames. For counterflow flames, FSD is more effective in suppressing PPFs while ASD is more effective in suppressing NFs irrespective of the fuel burned but the range of equivalence ratios for the relative effectiveness of FSD and ASD depends strongly on the fuel. There is a linear correlation between the transition equivalence ratio at which the effectiveness switches from FSD to ASD, and the rich flammability limit for all three fuels. (c) 2009 The Combustion Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Lock, Andrew] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Aggarwal, Suresh K.] Univ Illinois, Chicago, IL USA. [Puri, Ishwar K.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Lock, A (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Stop 8663, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM andrew.lock@nist.gov RI Lock, Andrew/C-5105-2008; Puri, Ishwar/B-8734-2008; OI Puri, Ishwar/0000-0002-8713-4188; Puri, Ishwar/0000-0002-6638-5762 NR 42 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 2583 EP 2590 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.05.031 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CH UT WOS:000264756900114 ER PT J AU Pitts, WM AF Pitts, William M. TI Improved understanding of thermal agent fire suppression mechanisms from detailed chemical kinetic modeling with idealized surrogate agents SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE COMBUSTION INSTITUTE LA English DT Article DE Diffusion flames; Dilution; Fire suppression; Kinetic modeling; Thermal agents ID DIFFUSION FLAMES; WATER DROPLETS; EXTINCTION; CHEMISTRY; DYNAMICS AB Fire suppression agents that derive their entire effectiveness from physical processes are known as thermal agents. Thermal agents operate by lowering the flame temperature through dilution, heat absorption, and thermal diffusion. Two aspects of these mechanisms arc investigated using detailed chemical-kinetic modeling of methane opposed-jet laminar diffusion flames burning in air mixed with two idealized surrogate agents. "X" has the physical properties of argon with the exception of it zero heat capacity. Its only flame effects are through dilution. Results show that X lowers flame temperatures by slowing the combustion chemistry and allowing increased oxygen to pass through the flame sheet. Comparison with results using argon reveals that 59% of argon effectiveness derives from dilution with the remainder due to heat absorption. "Y" is also similar to argon with the exception that it can react to form "Z," which is identical to Y except for having a positive heat of formation. Reaction of Y to Z absorbs heat and lowers flame temperatures. The reaction rate is adjusted using the rate law constants including activation energy in order to control where heat extraction occurs relative to a flame front. Calculated flame temperatures and hence agent suppression effectiveness are found to be insensitive to heat extraction location. The results for X and Y provide strong support for the concept of a well defined limit flame temperature at extinction. It is argued that the conclusions from this modeling study are relevant to coflowing diffusion flames, which are more characteristic of real-world fires. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of The Combustion Institute. C1 NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pitts, WM (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8662, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wpitts@nist.gov FU DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program FX This research was sponsored by the U.S. Department of Defense's Next Generation Fire Suppression Technology Program funded by the DoD Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program. NR 18 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 1540-7489 J9 P COMBUST INST JI Proc. Combust. Inst. PY 2009 VL 32 BP 2599 EP 2606 DI 10.1016/j.proci.2008.06.210 PG 8 WC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering, Chemical; Engineering, Mechanical SC Thermodynamics; Energy & Fuels; Engineering GA 427CH UT WOS:000264756900116 ER PT J AU Phillips, AJ Brodeur, RD Suntsov, AV AF Phillips, A. Jason Brodeur, Richard D. Suntsov, Andrey V. TI Micronekton community structure in the epipelagic zone of the northern California Current upwelling system SO PROGRESS IN OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Review DE Pacific Ocean; Marine micronekton; Lanternfish; Community composition; Species diversity; California Current ID VERTICAL-DISTRIBUTION; STENOBRACHIUS-LEUCOPSARUS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; FEEDING-HABITS; COASTAL OCEAN; OREGON COAST; ECOSYSTEM; PACIFIC; USA; MYCTOPHIDAE AB Spatial and temporal variability in the micronekton community and in oceanographic conditions were evaluated from nighttime midwater trawl samples collected between Heceta Head, Oregon (44.0 degrees N) and Willapa Bay, Washington (46.6 degrees N). Collections from 13 cruises (176 trawls) from 2004 to 2006 yielded over 17,000,000 micronekton individuals (350,000 excluding euphausiids), representing 76 taxa and 43 families. The community was numerically dominated by euphausiids, followed in decreasing order by midwater shrimp (Sergestes similis), lanternfishes (Myctophidae), late larval/juvenile rockfishes (Sebastes spp.), age-0 Pacific hake (Merluccius productus), and pelagic squid (Abraliopsis felis). We used cluster analysis, ordinations, multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP), and indicator species analysis (ISA) to examine community structure of the 28 dominant taxa. Ordination and cluster results indicated that distance from shore and sea-floor depth best characterized habitats used by different assemblages of the micronekton community. Temperature and salinity at various depths influenced community structure to a lesser extent, along with Ekman transport. MRPP and ISA results indicated that nearly all dominant taxa were associated with cross-shelf gradients. Based upon a comparison between historical samples collected in 1976 and 1981 and comparable trawls from this survey, distinct decadal differences among micronektonic fish assemblages were observed, including more juvenile flatfishes and rockfishes but a lower diversity of mesopelagic fishes, which may be related to interdecadal environmental changes between the two time periods. This study represents the first examination of the relationships between both vertebrate and invertebrate members of the epipelagic nekton community. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Phillips, A. Jason] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Brodeur, Richard D.; Suntsov, Andrey V.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Phillips, AJ (reprint author), 104 COAS Adm Bldg, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. EM jphillip@coas.oregonstate.edu FU NCAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX We wish to thank Toby Auth, Paul Peterson, Jesse Lamb, Paul Bentley, Bob Emmett, and the crew of the research and fishing vessels that participated in the cruises and in processing of samples in the laboratory. We would like to thank Bill Pearcy for providing unpublished data. Also, we would like to thank Bill Pearcy, Toby Auth, Ed Casillas and Doug Reese for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript. Funding for the collection and analysis of the data comes from the NCAA Northwest Fisheries Science Center and NCAA's Stock Assessment Improvement Program. NR 66 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 18 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0079-6611 J9 PROG OCEANOGR JI Prog. Oceanogr. PD JAN-FEB PY 2009 VL 80 IS 1-2 BP 74 EP 92 DI 10.1016/j.pocean.2008.12.001 PG 19 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 425SO UT WOS:000264657600004 ER PT S AU Shao, GD Leong, S McLean, C AF Shao, Guodong Leong, Swee McLean, Charles BE Fan, R Qiao, LH Chen, HW Ochi, A Usuki, H Sekiya, K TI Simulation-based Manufacturing Interoperability Standards and Testing SO PROGRESS OF MACHINING TECHNOLOGY SE Key Engineering Materials LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th International Conference on Progress of Machining Technology CY APR 25-28, 2009 CL Kunming, PEOPLES R CHINA SP Beihang Univ, Japan Soc Precis Engn, Natl Nat Sci Fdn China, Japan Soc Abras Technol, Japan Soc Mech Engineers, Yunnan Prov Sci & Technol Dept, Kuming Univ Sci & Technol, Chinese Soc Met Cutting & AMT Universities, JSPE, TCMDM, JSPE, TCC DE Analysis and simulation; Virtual manufacturing; Interoperability; Standards; Testing AB Software applications for manufacturing systems developed using software from different vendors typically cannot work together. Development of custom integrations of manufacturing software incurs costs and delays that hurt industry productivity and competitiveness. Software applications need to be tested in live operational systems. It is impractical to use real industrial systems to support dynamic interoperability testing and research due to: 1) access issues - manufacturing facilities are not open to outsiders, as proprietary data and processes may be compromised; 2) technical issues - operational systems are not instrumented to support testing; and 3) cost issues productivity suffers when actual production systems are taken offline to allow testing. Publicly available simulations do not exist to demonstrate simulation integration issues, validate potential standards solutions, or dynamically test the interoperability of simulation systems and other software applications. A new, dynamic, simulation-based interoperability testing facility for manufacturing software applications is being developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). C1 [Shao, Guodong; Leong, Swee; McLean, Charles] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Simulat & Modeling Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shao, GD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Simulat & Modeling Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM gshao@nist.gov; leong@nist.gov; mclean@nist.gov NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 1013-9826 J9 KEY ENG MAT PY 2009 VL 407-408 BP 283 EP 286 PG 4 WC Engineering, Manufacturing; Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BLQ74 UT WOS:000270816500061 ER PT S AU Preston, JS Fu, RS Pasaogullari, U Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Preston, Josh S. Fu, Richard S. Pasaogullari, Ugur Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. BE Fuller, T Uchida, H Strasser, P Shirvanian, P Lamy, C Hartnig, C Gasteiger, HA Zawodzinski, T Jarvi, T Bele, P Ramani, V Cleghorn, S Jones, D Zelenay, P TI An Updated Look at the Role of Micro-Porous Layer on Liquid Water Distribution in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells SO PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS 9 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Symposium (PEMFC) Conducted Under the Auspices of the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society-Inc CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc Inc, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrochemistry & Electrochem Engn Div, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Automot Fuel Cell Cooperat Corp, Ion Power, N E Chemcat Corp, Pine Res Instrumentat Inc, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo, Toyota Motor Engn & Mfg Amer, Tokuyama Corp, Umicore AG & Co KG, UTC Power Corp ID DIFFUSION MEDIA; TRANSPORT AB Evidence of a region of gradual property change between the microporous layer and macroporous layer of bi-layer diffusion media is presented, and a mathematical model describing the effects of this gradual interfacial region is developed. The model results in a continuous water distribution across the diffusion media, whereas the sudden interface model results in a sharp discontinuity in the liquid phase saturation. High resolution neutron radiography is used to measure the water content profile across the diffusion media, and the results are compared with the model predictions. C1 [Preston, Josh S.; Fu, Richard S.; Pasaogullari, Ugur] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Preston, JS (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Commerce; National Science Foundation [CBET- 0748063] FX We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work, and financial support from National Science Foundation through grant no. CBET- 0748063. NR 10 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-088-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 311 EP 321 DI 10.1149/1.3210582 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BJQ12 UT WOS:000329585500029 ER PT S AU Mukundan, R Lujan, RW Davey, JR Spendelow, JS Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Arif, M Borup, RL AF Mukundan, Rangachary Lujan, Roger W. Davey, John R. Spendelow, Jacob S. Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. Arif, Muhammad Borup, Rodney L. BE Fuller, T Uchida, H Strasser, P Shirvanian, P Lamy, C Hartnig, C Gasteiger, HA Zawodzinski, T Jarvi, T Bele, P Ramani, V Cleghorn, S Jones, D Zelenay, P TI Ice formation in PEM Fuel Cells Operated Isothermally at Sub-Freezing Temperatures SO PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS 9 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Symposium (PEMFC) Conducted Under the Auspices of the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society-Inc CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc Inc, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrochemistry & Electrochem Engn Div, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Automot Fuel Cell Cooperat Corp, Ion Power, N E Chemcat Corp, Pine Res Instrumentat Inc, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo, Toyota Motor Engn & Mfg Amer, Tokuyama Corp, Umicore AG & Co KG, UTC Power Corp ID COLD START; PERFORMANCE; DURABILITY; PEFC AB The effect of MEA and GDL structure and composition on the performance of single-PEM fuel cells operated isothermally at subfreezing temperatures is presented. The cell performance and durability are not only dependent on the MEA/GDL materials used but also on their interfaces. When a cell is operated isothermally at sub-freezing temperatures in constant current mode, the water formation due to the current density initially hydrates the membrane/ionomer and then forms ice in the catalyst layer/GDL. An increase in high frequency resistance was also observed in certain MEAs where there is a possibility of ice formation between the catalyst layer and GDL leading to a loss in contact area. The total water/ice holding capacity for any MEA was lower at lower temperatures and higher current densities. The durability of MEAs subjected to multiple isothermal starts was better for LANL prepared MEAs as compared to commercial MEAs, and cloth GDLs when compared to paper GDLs. The ice formation was monitored using high-resolution neutron radiography and was found to be concentrated near the cathode catalyst layer. However, there was significant ice formation in the GDLs especially at the higher temperature (approximate to -10 degrees C) and lower current density (0.02 A/cm(2)) operations. These results are consistent with the longerterm durability observations that show more severe degradation at the lower temperatures. C1 [Mukundan, Rangachary; Lujan, Roger W.; Davey, John R.; Spendelow, Jacob S.; Borup, Rodney L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D429,MPA 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.; Arif, Muhammad] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mukundan, R (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D429,MPA 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 FU Office of Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies at the U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy; NIST Ionizing Radiation Division; Department of Energy [DE-AI01-01EE50660] FX This work was supported by the Office of Hydrogen Fuel Cells and Infrastructure Technologies at the U.S. Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy. This work was also supported by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the NIST Ionizing Radiation Division, the Directors Office of NIST, the NIST Center for Neutron Research, and the Department of Energy through interagency agreement no. DE-AI01-01EE50660. NR 15 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 3 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-088-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 345 EP 355 DI 10.1149/1.3210585 PG 11 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BJQ12 UT WOS:000329585500032 ER PT S AU Mukherjee, PP Mukundan, R Spendelow, JS Davey, JR Borup, RL Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL Arif, M AF Mukherjee, P. P. Mukundan, R. Spendelow, J. S. Davey, J. R. Borup, R. L. Hussey, D. S. Jacobson, D. L. Arif, M. BE Fuller, T Uchida, H Strasser, P Shirvanian, P Lamy, C Hartnig, C Gasteiger, HA Zawodzinski, T Jarvi, T Bele, P Ramani, V Cleghorn, S Jones, D Zelenay, P TI High Resolution Neutron Imaging of Water in the Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell Membrane SO PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS 9 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Symposium (PEMFC) Conducted Under the Auspices of the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society-Inc CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc Inc, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrochemistry & Electrochem Engn Div, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Automot Fuel Cell Cooperat Corp, Ion Power, N E Chemcat Corp, Pine Res Instrumentat Inc, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo, Toyota Motor Engn & Mfg Amer, Tokuyama Corp, Umicore AG & Co KG, UTC Power Corp ID NAFION(R) 117 MEMBRANES; TRANSPORT AB Water transport in the ionomeric membrane, typically Nafion (R), has profound influence on the performance of the polymer electrolyte fuel cell, in terms of internal resistance and overall water balance. In this work, high resolution neutron imaging of the Nafion (R) membrane is presented in order to measure water content and through-plane gradients in situ under disparate temperature and humidification conditions. C1 [Mukherjee, P. P.; Mukundan, R.; Spendelow, J. S.; Davey, J. R.; Borup, R. L.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D429,MPA 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Hussey, D. S.; Jacobson, D. L.; Arif, M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mukherjee, PP (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, MS D429,MPA 11, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. OI Mukundan, Rangachary/0000-0002-5679-3930 FU US Department of Energy; Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure; Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD Office FX This work was supported by US Department of Energy, Office of Hydrogen, Fuel Cells and Infrastructure and Los Alamos National Laboratory LDRD Office. The supply of the 40 mil membrane by Steve Grot at Ion Power is gratefully acknowledged. NR 14 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-088-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 505 EP 512 DI 10.1149/1.3210600 PG 8 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BJQ12 UT WOS:000329585500047 ER PT S AU Fu, RS Preston, JS Pasaogullari, U Tabuchi, Y Shiomi, T Hussey, DS Jacobson, DL AF Fu, Richard S. Preston, Joshua S. Pasaogullari, Ugur Tabuchi, Yuichiro Shiomi, Takeshi Hussey, Daniel S. Jacobson, David L. BE Fuller, T Uchida, H Strasser, P Shirvanian, P Lamy, C Hartnig, C Gasteiger, HA Zawodzinski, T Jarvi, T Bele, P Ramani, V Cleghorn, S Jones, D Zelenay, P TI An Investigation of Thermally-Induced Water Transport in Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cells with Neutron Radiography Imaging Technique SO PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE FUEL CELLS 9 SE ECS Transactions LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 9th Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Symposium (PEMFC) Conducted Under the Auspices of the 216th Meeting of the Electrochemical-Society-Inc CY OCT 04-09, 2009 CL Vienna, AUSTRIA SP Electrochem Soc Inc, Electrochem Soc, Energy Technol Div, Electrochem Soc, Ind Electrochemistry & Electrochem Engn Div, Electrochem Soc, Phys & Analyt Electrochemistry Div, Electrochem Soc, Battery Div, Automot Fuel Cell Cooperat Corp, Ion Power, N E Chemcat Corp, Pine Res Instrumentat Inc, Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo, Toyota Motor Engn & Mfg Amer, Tokuyama Corp, Umicore AG & Co KG, UTC Power Corp ID NONISOTHERMAL MEMBRANE PHENOMENA; GAS-DIFFUSION LAYER; ACID-TYPE MEMBRANES; LIQUID WATER; CHARGED MEMBRANES; 2-PHASE TRANSPORT; FLEMION-S; THERMOOSMOSIS; TEMPERATURE; ENTROPY AB A fundamental experimental study of the reported water transport across the PEM under a temperature gradient is sought. We wish to experimentally verify the water transport phenomenon observed with neutron radiography and numerical modeling. The experimental observations show a presence of water content gradient across the PEM, indicating water flux in the direction from the high temperature side to the low temperature side, when sufficiently humidified. Higher water content by the PEM is seen at a larger thermal gradient when sufficiently humidified. The numerical results predict the order of magnitude of water transport; however, more accurate material characterization is needed for improvement. C1 [Fu, Richard S.; Preston, Joshua S.; Pasaogullari, Ugur; Shiomi, Takeshi] Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Connecticut Global Fuel Cell Ctr, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Tabuchi, Yuichiro; Shiomi, Takeshi] Nissan Motor Co Ltd, Nissan Res Ctr, Kanagawa 2378523, Japan. [Hussey, Daniel S.; Jacobson, David L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fu, RS (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Mech Engn, Connecticut Global Fuel Cell Ctr, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. FU Nissan Motors Ltd FX The authors acknowledge Nissan Motors, Ltd. for funding this research. NR 34 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELECTROCHEMICAL SOC INC PI PENNINGTON PA 65 S MAIN ST, PENNINGTON, NJ 08534-2839 USA SN 1938-5862 BN 978-1-60768-088-8 J9 ECS TRANSACTIONS PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 543 EP 552 DI 10.1149/1.3210605 PG 10 WC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels SC Electrochemistry; Energy & Fuels GA BJQ12 UT WOS:000329585500052 ER PT S AU Restelli, A Bienfang, JC Mink, A Clark, CW AF Restelli, Alessandro Bienfang, Joshua C. Mink, Alan Clark, Charles W. BE Arakawa, Y Sasaki, M Sotobayashi, H TI Quantum key distribution at GHz transmission rates SO QUANTUM COMMUNICATIONS REALIZED II SE Proceedings of SPIE-The International Society for Optical Engineering LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Quantum Communications Realized II CY JAN 28-29, 2009 CL San Jose, CA SP SPIE DE quantum key distribution; free-space optical communication; single-photon detectors AB Quantum key distribution (QKD) channels are typically realized by transmitting and detecting single photons, and therefore suffer from dramatic reductions in throughput due to both channel loss and noise. These shortcomings can be mitigated by applying telecommunications clock-recovery techniques to maximize the bandwidth of the single-photon channel and minimize the system's exposure to noise. We demonstrate a QKD system operating continuously at a quantum-channel transmission rate of 1.25 GHz, with dedicated data-handling hardware and error-correction/privacy amplification. We discuss the design and performance of our system and highlight issues which limit our maximum transmission and key production rates. C1 [Restelli, Alessandro; Bienfang, Joshua C.; Mink, Alan; Clark, Charles W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Restelli, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Bienfang, Joshua/A-7285-2010; Clark, Charles/A-8594-2009; Restelli, Alessandro/A-4897-2009 OI Clark, Charles/0000-0001-8724-9885; Restelli, Alessandro/0000-0002-1289-3171 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7482-7 J9 P SOC PHOTO-OPT INS PY 2009 VL 7236 AR 72360L DI 10.1117/12.809461 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Optics SC Engineering; Optics GA BSR42 UT WOS:000285541200012 ER PT J AU Fisk, AT Sash, K Maerz, J Palmer, W Carroll, JP MacNeil, MA AF Fisk, Aaron T. Sash, Kim Maerz, John Palmer, William Carroll, John P. MacNeil, M. Aaron TI Metabolic turnover rates of carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes in captive juvenile snakes SO RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY LA English DT Article ID DIET-TISSUE FRACTIONATION; DELTA-N-15 VALUES; MULTIPLE TISSUES; LITTORAL FISHES; FOOD WEBS; DELTA-C-13; GROWTH; PREY; ENRICHMENT; MODELS AB Metabolic turnover rates (m) of delta(15)N and delta(13)C were assessed in different tissues of newly hatched captive-raised corn snakes (Elaphe guttata guttata) fed maintenance diets consisting of earthworms (Eisenia foetida) that varied substantially in delta(15)N (by 644 parts per thousand) and delta(13)C (by 5.0 parts per thousand). Three treatments were used during this 144 day experiment that consisted of the same diet throughout (control), shifting from a depleted to an enriched stable isotope signature diet (uptake), and shifting from an enriched to depleted stable isotope signature diet (elimination). Values of delta(13)C in the liver, blood, and muscle of the control snakes reached equilibrium with and were, respectively, 1.73,2.25 and 2.29 greater than in their diet, this increase is called an isotopic discrimination factor (Delta delta(13)C = delta(13)C(snake) - delta(13)C(food))Values of delta(15)N in snake tissues did not achieve equilibrium with the diets in any of the exposures and thus Delta(15)N could not be estimated. Values of metabolic turnover rates (in) for delta(13)C and delta(15)N were greater in liver than in muscle and blood, which were similar, and relative results remained the same if the fraction of delta(15)N and delta(13)C were modeled. Although caution is warranted because equilibrium values of stable isotopes in the snakes were not achieved, values of in were greater for delta(13)C than delta(15)N, resulting in shorter times to dietary equilibrium for delta(13)C upon a diet shift, and for both stable isotopes in all tissues, greater during an elimination than in an uptake shift in diet stable isotope signature. Multiple explanations for the observed differences between uptake and elimination shifts raise new questions about the relationship between animal and diet stable isotope concentrations. Based on this study, interpretation of feeding ecology using stable isotopes is highly dependent on the kind of stable isotope, tissue, direction of diet switch (uptake versus elimination), and the growth rate of the animal. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Fisk, Aaron T.; Sash, Kim; Maerz, John; Carroll, John P.] Univ Georgia, Warnell Sch Forestry & Nat Resources, Athens, GA 30602 USA. [Palmer, William] Tall Timbers Res Stn, Tallahassee, FL 32312 USA. [MacNeil, M. Aaron] NOAA, Panama City Lab, Panama City Beach, FL 32408 USA. RP Fisk, AT (reprint author), Univ Windsor, Great Lakes Inst Environm Res, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada. EM afisk@uwindsor.ca RI MacNeil, M Aaron/F-4680-2010; MacNeil, M. Aaron/E-8196-2017 OI MacNeil, M. Aaron/0000-0001-8406-325X NR 51 TC 24 Z9 25 U1 4 U2 26 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD PI CHICHESTER PA THE ATRIUM, SOUTHERN GATE, CHICHESTER PO19 8SQ, W SUSSEX, ENGLAND SN 0951-4198 J9 RAPID COMMUN MASS SP JI Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 23 IS 2 BP 319 EP 326 DI 10.1002/rcm.3880 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Spectroscopy SC Chemistry; Spectroscopy GA 392RT UT WOS:000262320600012 PM 19089855 ER PT S AU Kassner, ME Geantil, P Levine, LE Larson, BC AF Kassner, M. E. Geantil, P. Levine, L. E. Larson, B. C. BE Cabibbo, M Spigarelli, S TI Backstress, the Bauschinger Effect and Cyclic Deformation SO RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS OF STRUCTURAL METALS AND ALLOYS SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT International Conference on Recent Developments in the Processing and Applications of Structural Metals and Alloys CY JUN 22-25, 2008 CL Marche Polytechn Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Como, ITALY HO Marche Polytechn Univ, Dept Mech Engn ID RANGE INTERNAL-STRESSES; COPPER SINGLE-CRYSTALS; LATTICE PLANE MISORIENTATIONS; BEAM ELECTRON-DIFFRACTION; RAY STRUCTURAL MICROSCOPY; PLASTIC-DEFORMATION; DISLOCATION MICROSTRUCTURE; DEFORMED COPPER; IN-SITU; PART II AB Backstresses or long range internal stresses (LRIS) in the past have been suggested by many to exist in plastically deformed crystalline materials. Elevated stresses can be present in regions of elevated dislocation density or dislocation heterogeneities in the deformed microstructures. The heterogeneities include edge dislocation dipole bundles (veins) and the edge dipole walls of persistent slip hands (PSBs) in cyclically deformed materials and cell and subgrain walls in monotonically deformed materials. The existence of long range internal stress is especially important for the understanding of cyclic deformation and also monotonic deformation. X-ray microbeam diffraction experiments performed by the authors using synchrotron x-ray microbeams determined the elastic strains within the cell interiors. The studies were performed using, oriented, monotonically deformed Cu single crystals. The results demonstrate that small long-range internal stresses are present in cell interiors. These LRIS vary substantially from cell to cell as 0 % to 50 % of the applied stress. The results are related to the Bauschinger effect, often explained in terms of LRIS. C1 [Kassner, M. E.; Geantil, P.] Univ Southern Calif, Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Levine, L. E.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Larson, B. C.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Mat Sci Tech Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RP Kassner, ME (reprint author), Univ Southern Calif, Aerosp & Mech Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. EM kassner@usc.edu FU Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), DOE; DOE Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences Engineering; USDOE, Office of Science FX MEK and PG acknowledge support from the Office of Basic Energy Sciences (BES), DOE. Research at ORNL is supported by DOE Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Materials Sciences & Engineering. The XOR/UNI facilities on Sectors 33 and 34 at APS are supported by USDOE, Office of Science. NR 42 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 11 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 604-605 BP 39 EP + PG 3 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Engineering; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BIX28 UT WOS:000263555900005 ER PT S AU Groisman, PY Gutman, G AF Groisman, Pavel Ya. Gutman, Garik BE Groisman, PY Ivanov, SV TI The Northern Eurasia Earth Science Partnership Initiative: An Introduction SO REGIONAL ASPECTS OF CLIMATE-TERRESTRIAL-HYDROLOGIC INTERACTIONS IN NON-BOREAL EASTERN EUROPE SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Regional Aspects of Climate-Terrestrial-Hydrologic Interactions in Non-boreal Eastern Europe CY AUG 23-28, 2008 CL Odessa, UKRAINE SP NATO, No Eurasia Earth Sci Partnership Initiat DE northern Eurasian studies; NEESPI; climate and environmental changes ID DYNAMICS; METHANE; SURFACE; AIR AB Northern Eurasia, the largest landmass in the northern extratropics, accounts for similar to 20% of the global land area. Yet little is known about how the biogeochemical cycles, energy and water cycles, and human activities specific to this carbon-rich, cold region interact with global climate. A major concern is that changes in the distribution of land-based life, as well as its interactions with the environment, may lead to a self-reinforcing cycle of accelerated regional and global warming. With this as its motivation, the Northern Eurasian Earth Science Partnership Initiative (NEESPI) was formed in 2004 to better understand and quantify feedbacks between Northern Eurasian and global climates. C1 [Groisman, Pavel Ya.] NOAA, UCAR, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Fed Bldg,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Gutman, Garik] NASA Headquarters, Land Cover Land Use Change Program, Washington, DC 20546 USA. RP Groisman, PY (reprint author), NOAA, UCAR, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Fed Bldg,151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM Pasha.Groisman@noaa.gov; ggutman@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-481-2241-7; 978-90-481-2240-0 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2009 BP 1 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2283-7_1 PG 3 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJK38 UT WOS:000266662700001 ER PT S AU Lasseigne, AN Koenig, K Olson, DL Jackson, JE Mishra, B McColskey, JD AF Lasseigne, A. N. Koenig, K. Olson, D. L. Jackson, J. E. Mishra, B. McColskey, J. D. BE Thompson, DO Chimenti, DE TI REAL-TIME LOW FREQUENCY IMPEDANCE MEASUREMENTS FOR DETERMINATION OF HYDROGEN CONTENT IN PIPELINE STEEL SO REVIEW OF PROGRESS IN QUANTITATIVE NONDESTRUCTIVE EVALUATION, VOLS 28A AND 28B SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 35th Annual Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestructive Evaluation CY JUL 20-25, 2008 CL Univ Chicago, Chicago, IL HO Univ Chicago DE Hydrogen Sensor; Impedance; Steel Pipelines AB The assessment of hydrogen content in pipeline steel is an essential requirement to monitor loss of pipe integrity with time and to prevent failures. The use of pipeline steels of increasing strength significantly reduces the threshold hydrogen concentration for hydrogen cracking. Cathodic protection and corrosion processes both contribute to accumulation of hydrogen as a function of time, which may eventually meet the cracking criteria. New and unique methodologies based on electronic property measurements offer the pipeline industry advanced non-destructive tools to provide quantified in-situ hydrogen content measurements in real-time. The use of low frequency impedance measurements as a non-contact sensor has been demonstrated for real-time determination of hydrogen content in coated pipeline steel specimens in the laboratory. Scale-up to field measurements is in progress, and the development and use of a field sensor are discussed. C1 [Lasseigne, A. N.; McColskey, J. D.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Lasseigne, AN (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0629-2 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1096 BP 1283 EP 1290 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Characterization & Testing; Physics, Applied SC Materials Science; Physics GA BKO01 UT WOS:000268740800163 ER PT S AU Tavazza, F Levine, LE Chaka, AM AF Tavazza, Francesca Levine, Lyle E. Chaka, Anne M. BE Lipkowitz, KB Cundari, TR TI Hybrid Methods for Atomic-Level Simulations Spanning Multiple-Length Scales in the Solid State SO REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY, VOL 26 SE Reviews in Computational Chemistry LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID QUASI-CONTINUUM METHOD; MOLECULAR-DYNAMICS SIMULATIONS; DENSITY-FUNCTIONAL THEORY; LANGEVIN EQUATION APPROACH; NONREFLECTING BOUNDARY-CONDITIONS; DISCRETE DISLOCATION PLASTICITY; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE; PERIODIC HETEROGENEOUS MEDIA; TOTAL-ENERGY CALCULATIONS; MONTE-CARLO-SIMULATION C1 [Tavazza, Francesca; Levine, Lyle E.; Chaka, Anne M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tavazza, F (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 290 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 2 U2 4 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 1069-3599 BN 978-0-470-39954-5; 978-0-470-38839-6 J9 REV COMP CH JI Rev. Comput. Chem. PY 2009 VL 26 BP 287 EP 366 D2 10.1002/9780470399545 PG 80 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry GA BE4XC UT WOS:000372186400007 ER PT J AU Johnson, RB AF Johnson, Ronald B. TI Lipid Deposition in Oocytes of Teleost Fish During Secondary Oocyte Growth SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE lipid transport; vitellogenesis; lipoproteins; vitellogenin receptor; essential fatty acids; de novo lipid biosynthesis ID FATTY-ACID-COMPOSITION; BASS DICENTRARCHUS-LABRAX; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; EUROPEAN SEA BASS; PERCH MORONE-AMERICANA; REARED STRIPED BASS; RAINBOW-TROUT; EGG QUALITY; MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS AB Research pertaining to the deposition of lipids into the maturing oocytes of teleost fish has progressed significantly since the review by Wiegand (1996). Studies on broodstock diets have elucidated the importance of incorporating n-3 and n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs) into diets at the proper levels and ratios for optimal egg viability and survival of progeny. The vitellogenin receptor, VgR, has been well classified in some teleost species and is now suspected to be evolutionarily linked to the LR8(-) receptor in birds and mammals. The expression of a somatic lipoprotein receptor has been observed in the maturing oocytes of teleost fish. Multiple forms of vitellogenin have been discovered in a number of teleost species. There is also a growing amount of evidence suggesting other plasma lipoproteins may play a major role in the deposition of lipids for some species. Finally, there is additional evidence that vitellogenic oocytes are capable of de novo synthesis of lipids, which provides insight on how the oocyte lipid class composition is regulated within a species. This review attempts to summarize the current knowledge related to the deposition of lipids into the oocytes of teleost fish during oogenesis and collates results from recent studies in this area. C1 NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Johnson, RB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Resource Enhancement & Utilizat Technol Div, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM ronald.b.johnson@noaa.gov NR 78 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 3 U2 21 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2009 VL 17 IS 1 BP 78 EP 89 DI 10.1080/10641260802590004 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 416HD UT WOS:000263995500005 ER PT J AU Jensen, DW Steel, EA Fullerton, AH Pess, GR AF Jensen, David W. Steel, E. Ashley Fullerton, Aimee H. Pess, George R. TI Impact of Fine Sediment on Egg-To-Fry Survival of Pacific Salmon: A Meta-Analysis of Published Studies SO REVIEWS IN FISHERIES SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE salmon incubation; salmon spawning; sediment deposition ID INDIVIDUAL PATIENT DATA; SUSPENDED SEDIMENT; SPAWNING GRAVELS; EMBRYO SURVIVAL; CHINOOK SALMON; CALIFORNIA; MODEL; RIVER; PHOSPHORUS; INCUBATION AB Egg-to-fry survival of salmonids is tempered by habitat degradation, including increased sediment in streams. To best manage multiple salmon species and prioritize scarce habitat restoration funds for the benefit of fish recovery, many studies have described and predicted the relationship between fine sediment deposited in spawning gravels and salmonid egg-to-fry survival. In this article, we used published studies, agency reports, and university theses (N = 14) to create predictive relationships between percent fine sediment and egg-to-fry survival of Chinook (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho (O. kisutch) and chum (O. keta) salmon, and steelhead trout (O. mykiss). In our analysis, coho survival tended to decline more rapidly per unit sediment increase and chum survival least rapidly. Threshold effects were observed, with survival dropping rapidly when percent fines less than 0.85 mm was greater than 10%. For other size classes of fines, a threshold was primarily observed only for eyed egg survival when fines exceeded 25-30%. Our predictive models combine both field and laboratory data and take into account a variety of conditions; they include estimates of uncertainty in the impact of sediment on egg-to-fry survival. These models can be used to forecast effects of watershed management practices on salmonids and to make comparisons between predicted salmonid survival rates under alternative management strategies for conditions where fine sediment is the limiting factor for survival. C1 [Jensen, David W.; Steel, E. Ashley; Fullerton, Aimee H.; Pess, George R.] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Steel, EA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM ashley.steel@noaa.gov OI Steel, E. Ashley/0000-0001-5091-276X NR 52 TC 43 Z9 45 U1 7 U2 33 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 325 CHESTNUT ST, SUITE 800, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 1064-1262 J9 REV FISH SCI JI Rev. Fish. Sci. PY 2009 VL 17 IS 3 BP 348 EP 359 DI 10.1080/10641260902716954 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 425RB UT WOS:000264653700005 ER PT S AU Snyder, KA Stutzman, PE Philip, J Esh, D AF Snyder, Kenneth A. Stutzman, Paul E. Philip, Jacob Esh, David BE LHostis, V Gens, R Galle, C TI HYDRATED PHASES IN BLENDED CEMENTITIOUS SYSTEMS FOR NUCLEAR INFRASTRUCTURE SO RILEM WORKSHOP ON LONG-TERM PERFORMANCE OF CEMENTITIOUS BARRIERS AND REINFORCED CONCRETE IN NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS AND WASTE MANAGEMENT SE RILEM Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT RILEM Workshop on Long-Term Performance of Cementitious Barriers and Reinforced Concrete in Nuclear Power Plants CY MAR 30-APR 02, 2009 CL Cadarache, FRANCE SP RILEM, European Federat Corrision, OECD, Nucl Energy Agcy AB The hydration products of varying proportions of portland cement, fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag, and silica fume in blended systems were identified and quantified. The proportion of portland cement varied from 100% to 10%. Each binder was characterized by its oxide content, and all the pastes were made at constant water:cementitious material mass ratio. The hydrated paste samples were analyzed using a combination of Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction data and thermogravimetric analysis. The estimated type and quantity of phases present were compared to current thermodynamic models for blended cement hydration. Results are given after three months hydration, and the research program is part of a year-long study that will include X-ray microanalysis and pore solution analysis. The techniques and data from this experiment will be used to evaluate hydrated systems and to validate the hydrated phase prediction component of performance assessment computer models for nuclear applications. C1 [Snyder, Kenneth A.; Stutzman, Paul E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Snyder, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU R I L E M PUBLICATIONS PI BAGNEUX PA 157 RUE DES BLAINS, 92220 BAGNEUX, FRANCE SN 1461-1147 BN 978-2-35158-072-1 J9 RILEM PROC PY 2009 VL 64 BP 91 EP 98 PG 8 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Environmental; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BVJ48 UT WOS:000291665400010 ER PT J AU Enders, EC Scruton, DA Clarke, KD AF Enders, Eva C. Scruton, David A. Clarke, Keith D. TI THE 'NATURAL FLOW PARADIGM' AND ATLANTIC SALMON-MOVING FROM CONCEPT TO PRACTICE SO RIVER RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE natural flow paradigm; managed flow regimes; Atlantic salmon; Salmo salar ID FISH GUIDANCE EFFICIENCY; GRAVEL-BED CHANNELS; SALAR L; BROWN TROUT; ENVIRONMENTAL-FACTORS; HYDROELECTRIC DAM; RETURN MIGRATION; RIVER DISCHARGE; HABITAT MODELS; TRUTTA L. AB The 'natural flow paradigm' is becoming an important first principle in the setting of managed flow regimes throughout the world, including Canada. The principle states that managed flow regimes should consider the natural hydrological variability of a river system, both seasonally and interannually, to maintain its ecological integrity. While laudable, this principle is in direct conflict with hydropower development and irrigation interests. Therefore, both regulatory agencies and developers are struggling to identify the elements of hydrological variability that are critical to maintain the ecological health of rivers. In this paper, we identify flow requirements for different life stages of anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). We then explore the potential effects of different flow regime scenarios on a wild Atlantic salmon population, using Harry's River in Western Newfoundland as an example. First, we link the life history patterns of Atlantic salmon to the scenario of the natural hydrological variability, incorporating the flow requirements for migration, spawning and rearing. In a second scenario, we present a flow regime managed for optimal hydropower production. Finally, we propose a conceptual model for a hypothetical managed flow regime that provides the necessary hydrological flow variations to support the life history requirements of Atlantic salmon, while permitting flow regulation and modification. This exercise identified data gaps and further research needs. Particularly, more information is needed on the amplitude of spring flooding necessary to initiate downstream migration while minimizing spill, which could potential be used for hydropower production. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. C1 [Enders, Eva C.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Scruton, David A.] Sikumiut Environm Management Ltd, St John, NF A1A 1W7, Canada. [Clarke, Keith D.] Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Ecol Sci Sect, St John, NF A1C 5X1, Canada. RP Enders, EC (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Eva.Enders@noaa.gov RI Enders, Eva/A-7818-2009 NR 67 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 3 U2 31 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN 07030-5774, NJ USA SN 1535-1459 EI 1535-1467 J9 RIVER RES APPL JI River Res. Appl. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 25 IS 1 BP 2 EP 15 DI 10.1002/rra.1214 PG 14 WC Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 398RH UT WOS:000262748700002 ER PT S AU Karygiannis, A Antonakakis, E AF Karygiannis, Athanasios Antonakakis, Emmanouil BE Barley, M Mouratidis, H Unruh, A Spears, D Scerri, P Massacci, F TI Security and Privacy Issues in Agent-Based Location-Aware Mobile Commerce SO SAFETY AND SECURITY IN MULTIAGENT SYSTEMS: RESEARCH RESULTS FROM 2004-2006 SE Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence LA English DT Article; Book Chapter AB Mobile commerce and location-aware services promise to combine the conveniences of both online and offline bricks-and-mortar services. Just as agent-enabled desktop computers can be used to improve a user's e-commerce experience, so can agent-enabled mobile devices be used to improve a user's mobile commerce experience. Agent-enabled mobile devices can perform complex and time-consuming tasks not well-suited for the small and cumbersome user interfaces available on most mobile devices, can interact with other mobile devices over more than one interface, and can accompany users under circumstances in which the desktop computers cannot. Agent-enabled mobile devices, however, present new security challenges and risks. While e-commerce agents run the risk of disclosing one's identity in cyberspace, agent-enabled mobile devices running location-aware applications, run the risk of disclosing one's actual physical location in addition to other personal information. This paper outlines security and privacy issues and provides security guidelines for agent-based location-aware mobile commerce.(1) C1 [Karygiannis, Athanasios; Antonakakis, Emmanouil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Karygiannis, A (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM karygiannis@nist.gov; manos@nist.gov NR 24 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0302-9743 BN 978-3-642-04878-4 J9 LECT NOTES ARTIF INT PY 2009 VL 4324 BP 308 EP 329 D2 10.1007/978-3-642-04879-1 PG 22 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Theory & Methods SC Computer Science GA BLW07 UT WOS:000271196900021 ER PT B AU Song, EY Lee, K AF Song, Eugene Y. Lee, Kang GP IEEE TI Integration of IEEE 1451 Smart Transducers and OGC-SWE Using STWS SO SAS 2009 - IEEE SENSORS APPLICATIONS SYMPOSIUM, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th IEEE Sensors Applications Symposium CY FEB 17-19, 2009 CL New Orleans, LA SP IEEE Instrumentat & Measurement Soc DE IEEE 1451; IEEE 1451.0; integration; NCAP; OGC-SWE; smart transducers; SOS; TIM; STWS AB This paper describes the integration of IEEE 1451 smart transducers and Open Geospatial Consortium - Sensor Web Enablement (OGC-SWE) using the Smart Transducer Web Service (STWS). An integration architecture and a prototype system are presented. The integration is illustrated via case studies of the prototype system. C1 [Song, Eugene Y.; Lee, Kang] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, EY (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8220, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ysong@nist.gov; kang.lee@nist.gov NR 14 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE PI NEW YORK PA 345 E 47TH ST, NEW YORK, NY 10017 USA BN 978-1-4244-2786-4 PY 2009 BP 268 EP 273 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation; Remote Sensing GA BKL67 UT WOS:000268444000054 ER PT J AU McLean, C AF McLean, Craig TI What is Your Role in a New and Sustainable Future? SO SEA TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP McLean, C (reprint author), NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU COMPASS PUBLICATIONS, INC PI ARLINGTON PA 1501 WILSON BLVD., STE 1001, ARLINGTON, VA 22209-2403 USA SN 0093-3651 J9 SEA TECHNOL JI Sea Technol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 50 IS 1 BP 7 EP 7 PG 1 WC Engineering, Ocean SC Engineering GA 404KV UT WOS:000263151400001 ER PT S AU Read, DT Volinsky, AA AF Read, David T. Volinsky, Alex A. BE Pluvinage, G Sedmak, A TI MEASUREMENTS FOR MECHANICAL RELIABILITY OF THIN FILMS SO SECURITY AND RELIABILITY OF DAMAGED STRUCTURES AND DEFECTIVE MATERIALS SE NATO Science for Peace and Security Series C-Environmental Security LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Security and Reliability of Damaged Structures and Defective Materials CY OCT 19-22, 2008 CL Portoroz, SLOVENIA SP NATO DE Delamination; grain size; strain; strength; substrate; testing; tensile; yield strength; Young's modulus ID QUANTITATIVE ADHESION MEASURES; INTERFACE FRACTURE; MULTILAYER FILMS; TEST SPECIMEN; BULGE TEST; INDENTATION; NANOINDENTATION; MODULUS; CRACKING; STRESS AB This paper reviews techniques for measurement of basic mechanical properties of thin films. Emphasis is placed on the adaptations needed to prepare, handle, and characterize thin films, and on adaptations of fracture mechanics for adhesion strength. The paper also describes a recent development, the use of electrical current as a controlled means of applying thermomechanical stresses to electrical conductors to characterize their fatigue behavior. C1 [Read, David T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Volinsky, Alex A.] Univ S Florida, Dept Mech Engn, Tampa, FL USA. RP Read, DT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. NR 48 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA PO BOX 17, 3300 AA DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1871-4668 BN 978-90-481-2790-0 J9 NATO SCI PEACE SECUR JI NATO Sci. Peace Secur. Ser. C- Environ. Secur. PY 2009 BP 337 EP + DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2792-4_16 PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA BMO72 UT WOS:000273154100016 ER PT J AU Remley, KA Koepke, G Holloway, CS Camell, D Grosvenor, C AF Remley, Kate A. Koepke, Galen Holloway, Chri S. Camell, Dennis Grosvenor, Chriss TI Measurements in harsh RF propagation environments to support performance evaluation of wireless sensor networks SO SENSOR REVIEW LA English DT Article DE Sensors; Wireless; Communication technologies ID TUNNELS AB Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to describe common methods for evaluating the performance of wireless devices such as wireless sensors in harsh radio environments. Design/methodology/approach - The paper describes how measurements of real-world propagation environments can be used to support the evaluation process, then presents representative measurement data from multipath environments where sensor networks are likely to be deployed: a fixed-infrastructure, process-control environment (here an oil refinery), and a heavy industrial environment (here an automotive assembly plant). Findings - Results on the characterization of multipath in the propagation channel are summarized and how these results may be used in the performance evaluation of sensor networks is discussed. Originality/value - The paper describes measurement results from environments where little open-literature data exists on point-to-point propagation, specifically high-multipath environments. These highly reflective scenarios can present difficulties for deployment of sensor networks. C1 [Remley, Kate A.; Koepke, Galen; Holloway, Chri S.; Camell, Dennis; Grosvenor, Chriss] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Remley, KA (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electromagnet Div, Boulder, CO USA. EM remley@boulder.nist.gov NR 16 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU EMERALD GROUP PUBLISHING LIMITED PI BINGLEY PA HOWARD HOUSE, WAGON LANE, BINGLEY BD16 1WA, W YORKSHIRE, ENGLAND SN 0260-2288 J9 SENSOR REV JI Sens. Rev. PY 2009 VL 29 IS 3 BP 211 EP 222 DI 10.1108/02602280910967620 PG 12 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA 471DW UT WOS:000268036300005 ER PT B AU Gu, XH Stanley, D Byrd, WE Dickens, B Vaca-Trigo, I Meeker, WQ Nguyen, T Chin, JW Martin, JW AF Gu, Xiaohong Stanley, Debbie Byrd, Walter E. Dickens, Brian Vaca-Trigo, Iliana Meeker, William Q. Nguyen, Tinh Chin, Joannie W. Martin, Jonathan W. BE Martin, JW Ryntz, RA Chin, J Dickie, RA TI Linking Accelerated Laboratory Test with Outdoor Performance Results for a Model Epoxy Coating System SO SERVICE LIFE PREDICTION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Service Life Prediction CY DEC 03-08, 2006 CL Key Largo, FL ID SERVICE LIFE; PHOTODEGRADATION; PREDICTION; STABILITY AB Laboratory and field exposure results have been successfully linked for a model epoxy coating system. The mathematical model used in making this linkage only assumed that the total effective dosage, additivity law, and reciprocity laws wet-e valid. In this study, accurate and time-based measurements on both exposure environments and degradation properties for polymer specimens exposed to accelerated laboratory weathering device and outdoor environments have been carried out. Laboratory weathering tests were, conducted in the extremely well-controlled NIST SPHERE. A factorial design consisting of four temperatures, four relative humidities (RH), four ultraviolet (UV) spectral wavelengths, and four UV spectral intensities was selected for the SPHERE exposure conditions. Based on SPHERE exposures, effects of-critical environmental conditions on chemical degradation of the UV-exposed epoxy materials have been assessed. The outdoor exposure experiments were carried out on the roof of a NIST laboratory, located in Gaithersburg, MD. The temperature and RH of the outdoor exposure were continuously recorded every minute and the solar spectrum was recorded every 12 minutes. The chemical degradation for specimens exposed to the SPHERE and outdoor environments was quantified by transmission FTIR and UV-visible spectroscopies. It is found that the mechanism of chemical degradation for samples exposed to outdoor environments is similar to those exposed to SPHERE. Three approaches, chemical ratios as a metric, a model-free heuristic approach, and a mathematical predictive model, have been used to combine the chemical degradation data from the SPHERE and the outdoor exposures. Successful link-ages have been made via all three approaches. It has been shown that the reliability-based methodologi, is capable of linking laboratory and field exposure data and predicting the service life of polymeric materials. C1 [Gu, Xiaohong; Stanley, Debbie; Byrd, Walter E.; Dickens, Brian; Nguyen, Tinh; Chin, Joannie W.; Martin, Jonathan W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Vaca-Trigo, Iliana; Meeker, William Q.] Iowa State Univ, Dept Stat, Ames, IA 50011 USA. RP Gu, XH (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 30 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-84875-4 PY 2009 BP 3 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-84876-1_1 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BJA23 UT WOS:000264098900001 ER PT B AU White, CC Tan, KT Hunston, DL Williams, RS AF White, Christopher C. Tan, Kar Tean Hunston, Donald L. Williams, R. Sam BE Martin, JW Ryntz, RA Chin, J Dickie, RA TI Durability of Building Joint Sealants SO SERVICE LIFE PREDICTION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Service Life Prediction CY DEC 03-08, 2006 CL Key Largo, FL AB Predicting the service life of building joint sealants exposed to service environments in less than real time has been a need of the sealant community, for many decades. Despite extensive research efforts to design laboratory accelerated tests to duplicate the failure modes occurring in field exposures, little success has been achieved using conventional durability methodologies. In response to this urgent need, we have designed a laboratory-based test methodology that used a systematic approach to study. both independently and in combination, the major environmental factors that cause aging in building joint sealants. Changes in modulus, stiffness, and stress relaxation behavior were assessed. Field exposure was conducted in Gaithersburg. MD, using a thermally-driven exposure device with capabilities, for monitoring changes in the sealant load and displacement. The results of both field and laboratory exposures are presented and discussed. C1 [White, Christopher C.; Tan, Kar Tean; Hunston, Donald L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. U S Dept Agr Forest Serv, Forest Prod Lab Madison, Madison, WI 53726 USA. RP White, CC (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8615, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 15 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-84875-4 PY 2009 BP 115 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-84876-1_8 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BJA23 UT WOS:000264098900008 ER PT B AU Williams, RS Lacher, S Halpin, C White, C AF Williams, R. Sam Lacher, Steve Halpin, Corey White, Christopher BE Martin, JW Ryntz, RA Chin, J Dickie, RA TI Evaluating Cyclic Fatigue of Sealants During Outdoor Testing SO SERVICE LIFE PREDICTION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Service Life Prediction CY DEC 03-08, 2006 CL Key Largo, FL AB A computer-controlled test apparatus (CCTA) and other instrumentation for subjecting sealant specimens to cyclic fatigue during outdoor exposure was developed. The CCTA enables us to use weather-induced conditions to cyclic fatigue specimens and to conduct controlled tests in-situ during the outdoor exposure. Thermally; induced dimensional changes of an aluminum bar were fed to a computer that enhanced the movement, set limits oil the movement, and supplied movement information to the test apparatus. As specimens moved, load/deformation and weather conditions (temperature, relative humidity, UV, radiation, precipitation, and wind velocity) were measured every few minutes to give an extensive database containing these variables. In addition, controlled tests were done every four hours during the exposure. At these four-hour intervals. the computer was programmed to interrupt weather-induced cyclic fatigue and conduct a standard-strain test. The data enabled us to calculate the elastic modulus of each specimen at any time during the c exposure and to construct a model that fit the observed temperature and relative humidity effects on modulus. C1 [Williams, R. Sam; Lacher, Steve; Halpin, Corey] USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. [White, Christopher] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD USA. RP Williams, RS (reprint author), USDA, Forest Prod Lab, Forest Serv, Madison, WI 53705 USA. NR 44 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-84875-4 PY 2009 BP 129 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-84876-1_9 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BJA23 UT WOS:000264098900009 ER PT B AU Sung, LP Gu, XH Hu, HQ Clerici, C Delaurent, V AF Sung, Li-Piin Gu, Xiaohong Hu, Haiqing Clerici, Cyril Delaurent, Vincent BE Martin, JW Ryntz, RA Chin, J Dickie, RA TI Metrologies for Characterizing Optical Properties of Clear and Pigmented Coatings SO SERVICE LIFE PREDICTION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Service Life Prediction CY DEC 03-08, 2006 CL Key Largo, FL AB Gloss told color performance attributes are commonly used ill the coatings industry to assess the appearance of new and weathered coatings. Advances ill appearance measurements and models are needed to satisfy, continued demands from customers for materials having enhanced appearance qualities that last throughout the of a product. In this chapter; we present an angular-resolved, surface-optical scattering metrology for characterizing the optical reflectance properties of a coating. Through an analysis of the specular and off-specular optimal scattering profiles, a link has been established between surface morphology and subsurface microstructure to optical reflectance properties a of cooled material as a function of weathering time. Optical data for coatings having different degree of pigment dispersion at various UV-exposure times were obtained using laser scanning confocal microscopy and compared to corresponding optical scattering data. C1 [Sung, Li-Piin; Gu, Xiaohong; Hu, Haiqing; Clerici, Cyril; Delaurent, Vincent] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Mat Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sung, LP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Mat Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-84875-4 PY 2009 BP 257 EP 272 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-84876-1_17 PG 16 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BJA23 UT WOS:000264098900017 ER PT B AU Chin, J Byrd, E Dickens, B Clemenzi, R Hettenhouser, R Ellison, A Garver, J Stanley, D Colomb, V Martin, J AF Chin, Joannie Byrd, Eric Dickens, Brian Clemenzi, Robert Hettenhouser, Rusty Ellison, Art Garver, Jason Stanley, Debbie Colomb, Vincent Martin, Jonathan BE Martin, JW Ryntz, RA Chin, J Dickie, RA TI A High Throughput System for Accelerated Weathering and Automated Characterization of Polymeric Materials SO SERVICE LIFE PREDICTION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Service Life Prediction CY DEC 03-08, 2006 CL Key Largo, FL ID COMBINATORIAL; COATINGS AB In response to industry requests for a service life prediction methodology capable of generating timely, accurate, and precise service life estimates for materials, a high throughput system for controlled, uniform accelerated weathering has been implemented and an automated material characterization laboratory is being developed at NIST. The weathering device, known as the NIST SPHERE (Simulated Photodegradation via High Energy Radiant Exposure), has the capability of irradiating >500 specimens with uniform, ultra-high intensity ultraviolet (UV) radiation while simultaneously and independently subjecting them to a wide range of precisely controlled temperature and relative humidity environments. Chemical and physical changes in the exposed specimens will be analyzed in an automated analytical laboratory equipped with multiple instruments that is currently under development. All informatics system is being designed and developed to control and monitor the operation of the SPHERE and the automated analytical laboratory, as well as to store and analyze the collected environmental and analytical data collected from the UV weathering device and the analytical instruments. This chapter the integrating sphere-based weathering system and the anticipated capabilities of the automated analytical laboratory and the informatics system. C1 [Chin, Joannie; Byrd, Eric; Dickens, Brian; Clemenzi, Robert; Hettenhouser, Rusty; Ellison, Art; Garver, Jason; Stanley, Debbie; Colomb, Vincent; Martin, Jonathan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mat & Construct Res Div, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chin, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mat & Construct Res Div, Polymer Mat Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-84875-4 PY 2009 BP 413 EP 420 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-84876-1_28 PG 8 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BJA23 UT WOS:000264098900028 ER PT B AU Watson, SS Tseng, IH Forster, A Chin, J Sung, LP AF Watson, Stephanie S. Tseng, I-Hsiang Forster, Amanda Chin, Joannie Sung, Li-Piin BE Martin, JW Ryntz, RA Chin, J Dickie, RA TI Investigating Pigment Photoreactivity for Coatings Applications: Methods Development SO SERVICE LIFE PREDICTION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Service Life Prediction CY DEC 03-08, 2006 CL Key Largo, FL ID ELECTRON-PARAMAGNETIC-RES; SURFACE PHOTO-OXIDATION; RESONANCE IMAGING ESRI; TITANIUM-DIOXIDE; TIO2 PARTICLES; SPIN-RESONANCE; CONJUGATED POLYMERS; HYDROXYL RADICALS; UV IRRADIATION; SOL-GEL AB Titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) is used in building and construction applications as a pigment or filler for polymeric products to improve their appearance and mechanical properties. TiO(2) pigments exhibit a wide range of photoreactivity including reactivities that would he detrimental to the service life of polymeric materials. The lack of a scientifically-based metrology for measuring photoreactivity has hindered innovation and acceptance of new pigments, especially The goal of this research is to develop based metrologies for the measurement of photoreactivity, including candidate techniques such as photoconductivity, spectrophotometric assays, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, and ultraviolet (UV) weathering exposures of pigment-filled polymer systems. Preliminary data from spectrophotometric assays. EPR, and UV exposure of a filled polymer system are presented. C1 [Watson, Stephanie S.; Tseng, I-Hsiang; Forster, Amanda; Chin, Joannie; Sung, Li-Piin] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Watson, SS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat & Construct Res Div, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. OI Forster, Amanda/0000-0001-7397-4429 NR 79 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-84875-4 PY 2009 BP 423 EP 456 DI 10.1007/978-0-387-84876-1_29 PG 34 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BJA23 UT WOS:000264098900029 ER PT B AU Clerici, C Gu, XH Sung, LP Forster, AM Ho, DL Stutzman, P Nguyen, T Martin, JW AF Clerici, Cyril Gu, Xiaohong Sung, Li-Piin Forster, Aaron M. Ho, Derek L. Stutzman, Paul Nguyen, Tinh Martin, Jonathan W. BE Martin, JW Ryntz, RA Chin, J Dickie, RA TI Effect of Pigment Dispersion on Durability of a TiO2 Pigmented Epoxy Coating During Outdoor Exposure SO SERVICE LIFE PREDICTION OF POLYMERIC MATERIALS: GLOBAL PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 4th International Symposium on Service Life Prediction CY DEC 03-08, 2006 CL Key Largo, FL ID PAINT FILMS; DEGRADATION; MICROSCOPY; MORPHOLOGY; THICKNESS; SURFACES; GLOSS AB The effect of pigment dispersion on durability of a TiO2 pigmented epoxy coating during outdoor exposure has been investigated. Well-dispersed and poorly dispersed coating samples were prepared through the addition or absence of a dispersant in the coating formulation. Ultra small angle neutron scattering (USANS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that pigment aggregation occurs in the absence of dispersant. A thin, clear layer of epoxy was observed at the air/exposed surface interface in both the dispersed and non-dispersed samples. Chemical degradation and physical changes during UV exposure were measured by attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and loser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Results showed that the degree of pigment dispersion and the thickness of the clear layer contributed to weathering. Changes in surface topography and gloss loss during UV degradation were correlated with degree of pigment dispersion. Ripples and bumps on the top surface of the poorly dispersed coating greatly affected gloss. Bulk and surface mechanical properties were investigated using dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and instrumented indentation, respectively. Relative to the neat epoxy coatings, the addition of TiO2 particles into the epoxy coatings increased elastic modulus but decreased the glass transition temperatures (T-g) of both of the pigmented coatings. Relationships between surface and bulk mechanical property changes and chemical degradation are discussed. C1 [Clerici, Cyril; Gu, Xiaohong; Sung, Li-Piin; Forster, Aaron M.; Nguyen, Tinh; Martin, Jonathan W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Ho, Derek L.] NIST, Elect Mat Grp, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Bangkok, Thailand. [Stutzman, Paul] Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Inorgan Mat Grp, Bangkok, Thailand. RP Clerici, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Polymer Mat Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. FU National Institute and Technology; U.S. Department of Commerce FX The authors acknowledge the support of the National Institute and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work, and Dr. Paul Butler of NIST for his help in conducting USANS experiments and data analysis. The authors would like to thank Germain Lespinasse for assistance with SEM measurements. NR 23 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-0-387-84875-4 PY 2009 BP 475 EP + DI 10.1007/978-0-387-84876-1_31 PG 3 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Materials Science; Polymer Science GA BJA23 UT WOS:000264098900031 ER PT S AU Hegaret, H Wikfors, GH Shumway, SE AF Hegaret, H. Wikfors, G. H. Shumway, S. E. BE Shumway, SE Rodrick, GE TI Biotoxin contamination and shellfish safety SO SHELLFISH SAFETY AND QUALITY SE Woodhead Publishing Series in Food Science Technology and Nutrition LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE shellfish; toxins; harmful algal blooms ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; OKADAIC ACID CLASS; DINOFLAGELLATE ALEXANDRIUM-OSTENFELDII; MUSSEL MYTILUS-GALLOPROVINCIALIS; TANDEM MASS-SPECTROMETRY; SCALLOP PECTEN-MAXIMUS; RED TIDE TOXINS; DOMOIC ACID; PARALYTIC SHELLFISH; PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA AB Some phytoplankton species can produce biotoxins. As molluscan shellfish filter-feed on these toxic species, they bioaccumulate the phycotoxins, which can be transferred to higher trophic levels, resulting in several types of poisoning syndromes. The main shellfish-mediated, phycotoxin-associated, human poisoning syndromes are paralytic, amnesic, neurotoxic, diarrheic and azaspirazid shellfish poisonings; a few other phytoplankton species can also cause harmful effects in humans. This chapter lists the major phycotoxins described, their origins, occurrences, and impact on human health as well as management procedures developed to address them. The trophic dynamics of the phycotoxins are also discussed, as is their bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and detoxification processes. C1 [Hegaret, H.; Shumway, S. E.] Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, Groton, CT 06340 USA. [Wikfors, G. H.] NOAA, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Milford Lab, Milford, CT 06460 USA. RP Hegaret, H (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Marine Sci, 1080 Shennecossett Rd, Groton, CT 06340 USA. EM helene.hegaret@gmail.com; sandra.shumway@uconn.edu RI Hegaret, Helene/B-7206-2008 OI Hegaret, Helene/0000-0003-4639-9013 NR 199 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU WOODHEAD PUBL LTD PI CAMBRIDGE PA ABINGTON HALL ABINGTON, CAMBRIDGE CB1 6AH, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 2042-8049 BN 978-1-84569-152-3 J9 WOODHEAD PUBL FOOD S JI Woodhead Publ. Food Sci. Technol. Nutr. PY 2009 IS 167 BP 43 EP 80 PG 38 WC Food Science & Technology SC Food Science & Technology GA BOP71 UT WOS:000277247700003 ER PT S AU Ciezak, JA Jenkins, TA Hemley, RJ AF Ciezak, Jennifer A. Jenkins, Timothy A. Hemley, Russell J. BE Elert, ML Buttler, WT Furnish, MD Anderson, WW Proud, WG TI OPTICAL AND RAMAN MICROSPECTROSCOPY OF NITROGEN AND HYDROGEN MIXTURES AT HIGH PRESSURES SO SHOCK COMPRESSION OF CONDENSED MATTER - 2009, PTS 1 AND 2 SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th Conference of the American-Physical-Society-Topical-Group on Shock Compression of Condensed Matter CY JUN 28-JUL 03, 2009 CL Nashville, TN SP Amer Phys Soc, Topical Grp DE nitrogen-hydrogen mixture; diamond anvil cell; Raman spectroscopy ID HELIUM; GPA AB Optical and Raman microspectroscopy measurements performed on N-2:H-2 mixtures to 83 GPa reveal unusual phase behavior and bonding signatures. To pressures of 30 GPa, large deviations in the internal molecular stretching modes (vibrons) of a 2:1 N-2:H-2, mixture relative to those of the pure materials are found. An unusual phase separation is observed near 35 GPa, involving the formation of two distinct solid phases, one rich in both nitrogen and hydrogen and the other an amorphous nitrogen phase. Raman bands attributed to N-N single bonds or polymerized nitrogen were observed at high pressures. C1 [Ciezak, Jennifer A.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. [Jenkins, Timothy A.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Hemley, Russell J.] Carnegie Inst Sci, Geophys Lab, Washington, DC 20015 USA. RP Ciezak, JA (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL WM BD, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. FU Carnegie/DOE Alliance Center; National Science Foundation FX Support for this project comes in part from the Carnegie/DOE Alliance Center and the National Science Foundation. NR 14 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0732-9 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1195 BP 1291 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA BOG48 UT WOS:000276574100305 ER PT J AU Carasso, AS AF Carasso, Alfred S. TI FALSE CHARACTERISTIC FUNCTIONS AND OTHER PATHOLOGIES IN VARIATIONAL BLIND DECONVOLUTION. A METHOD OF RECOVERY SO SIAM JOURNAL ON APPLIED MATHEMATICS LA English DT Article DE image deblurring; variational blind deconvolution; minimum norm solutions; false characteristic functions; infinitely divisible blurs; fractional diffusion equations; ill-posed continuation; APEX method; SECB method ID REGULARIZATION APPROACH; IMAGE-RESTORATION; POLYA-TYPE AB Given a blurred image g(x, y), variational blind deconvolution seeks to reconstruct both the unknown blur k(x, y) and the unknown sharp image f(x, y), by minimizing an appropriate cost functional. This paper restricts its attention to a rich and significant class of infinitely divisible isotropic blurs that includes Gaussians, Lorentzians, and other heavy-tailed densities, together with their convolutions. A recently developed highly efficient nonlinear variational approach is found to produce inadmissible reconstructions, consisting of partially deblurred images f(dagger)(x, y), associated with physically impossible blurs k(dagger)(x, y). Three basic flaws in this variational procedure are identified and shown to be the cause of this phenomenon. A method is then developed that can recover useful information from k(dagger)(x, y), by constructing a physically valid rectified blur h#(x, y), based on the low frequency part of k(dagger)(x, y). A crucial step involves interpreting h#(x, y) as the p(th) convolution root of the true blur k(x, y), for some postulated real number p >= 2. Deconvolution is performed in slow motion, by solving an associated parabolic pseudo-differential equation backwards in time, with the blurred image g(x, y) as data at t = 1. Behavior of the evolution as t down arrow 0 can be monitored and used to readjust the value of p. Previously developed APEX/SECB methodologies make such ill-posed continuation feasible. This recovery method is found highly effective in several instructive examples involving synthetically blurred images. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Carasso, AS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Math & Computat Sci Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alfred.carasso@nist.gov NR 29 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 3 PU SIAM PUBLICATIONS PI PHILADELPHIA PA 3600 UNIV CITY SCIENCE CENTER, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19104-2688 USA SN 0036-1399 EI 1095-712X J9 SIAM J APPL MATH JI SIAM J. Appl. Math. PY 2009 VL 70 IS 4 BP 1097 EP 1119 DI 10.1137/080737769 PG 23 WC Mathematics, Applied SC Mathematics GA 518VQ UT WOS:000271723700005 ER PT S AU Chen, Y Zhang, N Huang, XR Black, DR Dudley, M AF Chen, Yi Zhang, Ning Huang, XianRong Black, David R. Dudley, Michael BE Suzuki, A Okumura, H Kimoto, T Fuyuki, T Fukuda, K Nishizawa, S TI Studies of the Distribution of Elementary Threading Screw Dislocations In 4H Silicon Carbide Wafer SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Otsu, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Assoc Promot Elect, Elect & Informat Engn, Ceram Soc Japan, IEEE EDS, Kansai Chapter, IEEJ, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan DE threading screw dislocation; dislocation sense; sense distribution AB The density and sense distribution of elementary threading screw dislocations in a physical vapor transport grown 3-inch 4H silicon carbide wafer have been studied. The density of TSDs ranges between 1.6x10(3)/cm(2) and 7.1x103/cm(2) and the lowest density is observed at positions approximately half radius off the wafer center, The dislocation sense of elementary threading screw dislocations can be readily revealed by the asymmetric contrast of their images in grazing-incidence x-ray topographs using pyramidal plane reflections. The circumferential and radial distributions of the sense of elementary threading screw dislocations have been studied and no clear trends are observed in either distribution. C1 [Chen, Yi; Zhang, Ning; Dudley, Michael] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Huang, XianRong] Argonne Natl Lab, Adv Photon Source, Argonne 60349, IL USA. [Black, David R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM yichen1@ic.sunysb.edu; nizhang@ic.sunysb.edu; xrhuang@aps.anl.gov; david.black@nist.gov; mdudley@notes.cc.sunysb.edu FU ONR [N0001140010348, N000140110302, N000140211014]; Dow Corning Corporation [N0001405C0324, DAAD1701C0081]; Beamline [X-19C]; NSLS [DE-AC02-76CH00016]; APS at ANL [W-31-109-ENG-38]; [XOR-33BM] FX This work is supported in part by ONR grants N0001140010348, N000140110302 and N000140211014 (contract monitor Dr. Colin Wood) and by Dow Corning Corporation under contract numbers N0001405C0324 and DAAD1701C0081. Topography experiments were carried out at Beamline X-19C, at the NSLS (Contract no. DE-AC02-76CH00016) and Beamline XOR-33BM, APS at ANL (Contract No. W-31-109-ENG-38 . NR 13 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 600-603 BP 301 EP + PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BIX26 UT WOS:000263555300070 ER PT S AU Hull, BA Sumakeris, JJ O'Loughlin, MJ Zhang, QC Richmond, J Powell, A Paisley, M Tsvetkov, V Hefner, A Rivera, A AF Hull, Brett A. Sumakeris, Joseph J. O'Loughlin, Michael J. Zhang, Qingchun (Jon) Richmond, Jim Powell, Adrian Paisley, Mike Tsvetkov, Valeri Hefner, Allen Rivera, Angel BE Suzuki, A Okumura, H Kimoto, T Fuyuki, T Fukuda, K Nishizawa, S TI Development of Large Area (up to 1.5 cm(2)) 4H-SiC 10 kV Junction Barrier Schottky Rectifiers SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2007, PTS 1 AND 2 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 12th International Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY OCT 14-19, 2007 CL Otsu, JAPAN SP Japan Soc Appl Phys, Assoc Promot Elect, Elect & Informat Engn, Ceram Soc Japan, IEEE EDS, Kansai Chapter, IEEJ, Inst Elect, Informat & Commun Engineers, Japanese Assoc Crystal Growth, Surface Sci Soc Japan, Vacuum Soc Japan DE Junction Barrier Schottky Diode; High Voltage; High Frequency; Low 1C Substrate ID DIODES AB DC characteristics and reverse recovery performance of 4H-SiC Junction Barrier Schottky (JBS) diodes capable of blocking in excess of 10 kV with forward conduction of 20 A at a forward voltage of less than 4 V are described. Performance comparisons are made to a similarly rated 10 kV 4H-SiC PiN diode. The JBS diodes show a significant improvement in reverse recovery stored charge as compared to PiN diodes, showing half of the stored charge at 25 degrees C and a quarter of the stored charge at 125 degrees C when switched to 3 kV blocking. These large area JBS diodes were also employed to demonstrate the tremendous advances that have recently been made in 4H-SiC substrate quality. C1 [Hull, Brett A.; Sumakeris, Joseph J.; O'Loughlin, Michael J.; Zhang, Qingchun (Jon); Richmond, Jim; Powell, Adrian; Paisley, Mike; Tsvetkov, Valeri] Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. [Hefner, Allen; Rivera, Angel] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hull, BA (reprint author), Cree Inc, 4600 Silicon Dr, Durham, NC 27703 USA. EM brett_hull@cree.com FU DARPA; Sharon Beermann-Curtin [N00014-05-C-0202] FX This work was supported by DARPA and Sharon Beermann-Curtin through contract N00014-05-C-0202, monitored by Dr. Harry Dietrich of the Office of Naval Research. NR 3 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 4 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI DURNTEN-ZURICH PA KREUZSTRASSE 10, 8635 DURNTEN-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 600-603 BP 931 EP + PN 1-2 PG 2 WC Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Materials Science GA BIX26 UT WOS:000263555300221 ER PT S AU Zhang, N Chen, Y Sanchez, EK Black, DR Dudley, M AF Zhang, Ning Chen, Yi Sanchez, Edward K. Black, David R. Dudley, Michael BE PerezTomas, A Godignon, P Vellvehi, M Brosselard, P TI The Effect of 4H-SiC Substrate Surface Scratches on Chemical Vapor Deposition Grown Homo-Epitaxial Layer Quality SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2008 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP 07-11, 2008 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Minist Educ & Cienc, ACCIO, Generalitat Catalunya, ACREO, Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, D plus T Microelect, Ion Beam Serv, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE substrate surface scratches; basal plane dislocation; threading edge dislocation ID BASAL-PLANE; DISLOCATIONS AB The influence Of Substrate Surface scratches oil the quality of CVD grown 4H-SiC homo-epitaxial layers has been Studied using a combination of post-growth Monochromatic Synchrotron X-ray Topography (MSXT) and KOH etching. MSXT observations suggest that the scratches on the substrate surface act as dislocation nucleation centers during the growth. When the scratch is along the off-cut direction, only TED-TED pairs are generated. As the inclination of the scratch to the off-cut direction increases, an increasing number of TED-BPD pairs are generated. A model is presented for a possible mechanism for the nucleation of dislocations at scratches. C1 [Zhang, Ning; Chen, Yi; Dudley, Michael] SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Sanchez, Edward K.] Dow Corning Compound Semicond Solut, Midland, MI 48686 USA. [Black, David R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhang, N (reprint author), SUNY Stony Brook, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. EM mdudley@notes.cc.sunysb.edu NR 8 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 615-617 BP 109 EP 112 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BJH84 UT WOS:000265961100025 ER PT S AU Yu, LC Cheung, KP Suehle, JS Campbell, JP Sheng, K Lelis, AJ Ryu, SH AF Yu, Liangchun Cheung, Kin P. Suehle, John S. Campbell, Jason P. Sheng, Kuang Lelis, Aivars J. Ryu, Sei-Hyung BE PerezTomas, A Godignon, P Vellvehi, M Brosselard, P TI Channel Hot-Carrier Effect of 4H-SiC MOSFET SO SILICON CARBIDE AND RELATED MATERIALS 2008 SE Materials Science Forum LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 7th European Conference on Silicon Carbide and Related Materials CY SEP 07-11, 2008 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Minist Educ & Cienc, ACCIO, Generalitat Catalunya, ACREO, Aixtron, Cree Inc, Dow Corning, D plus T Microelect, Ion Beam Serv, SiCED, SiCrystal AG DE channel hot-carrier effect; MOSFET; 4H-SiC ID DEPENDENCE AB SiC MOSFET, as power device, can be expected to operate with high drain and high gate voltages, possibly leading to hot-carrier effect. However, hot-carrier degradation in a SiC MOSFET is difficult to detect because the as fabricated devices contain high level of defects. We report, for the first time, evidence of hot-carrier effect in 4H-SiC MOSFET. The result Suggests that hot hole from impact ionization trapped in the oxide is the cause of the channel hot-carrier effect. C1 [Yu, Liangchun; Cheung, Kin P.; Suehle, John S.; Campbell, Jason P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Yu, Liangchun; Sheng, Kuang] Rutgers State Univ, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Lelis, Aivars J.] Army Res Lab, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Ryu, Sei-Hyung] Cree Inc, Durham, NC 27703 USA. RP Cheung, KP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM liangchun.yu@nist.gov; kpckpc@ieee.org; john.suehle@nist.gov; jason.campbell@nist.gov; ksheng@ece.rutgers.edu; alelis@arl.army.mil; sei-hyung_ryu@cree.com NR 4 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 2 PU TRANS TECH PUBLICATIONS LTD PI STAFA-ZURICH PA LAUBLSRUTISTR 24, CH-8717 STAFA-ZURICH, SWITZERLAND SN 0255-5476 J9 MATER SCI FORUM PY 2009 VL 615-617 BP 813 EP 816 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Materials Science, Ceramics; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA BJH84 UT WOS:000265961100197 ER PT S AU Podini, D Vallone, PM AF Podini, Daniele Vallone, Peter M. BE Komar, AA TI SNP Genotyping Using Multiplex Single Base Primer Extension Assays SO SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS: METHODS AND PROTOCOLS, SECOND EDITION SE Methods in Molecular Biology LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Single nucleotide polymorphism; multiplex PCR; capillary electrophoresis; SNaPshot (R); single base extension ID PREIMPLANTATION GENETIC DIAGNOSIS; NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS; DNA; IDENTIFICATION; DISORDERS; STRATEGY AB Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) arc the most common form of polymorphisms present in the human genome. The single base primer extension (SBE) method is an effective and sensitive tool that can type over 30 known loci scattered throughout an organism's genome in a single reaction. It allows the typing of tetra-allelic SNPs and has been adapted to a broad range of analytical necessities: single-cell analysis, molecular diagnosis of monogenic diseases, forensic mitochondrial DNA analysis on highly degraded human remains, and high-throughput SNP screening for population studies. Every SBE-based assay will need customized optimization efforts that are generally proportional to the number of desired SNPs typed in a single reaction. This chapter offers a detailed outline on which to base the design and optimization of any multiplex SBE assay that can then be tailored to the analytical conditions that characterize each specific application. C1 [Podini, Daniele] George Washington Univ, Dept Forens Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. [Vallone, Peter M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Podini, D (reprint author), George Washington Univ, Dept Forens Sci, Washington, DC 20052 USA. NR 13 TC 4 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU HUMANA PRESS INC PI TOTOWA PA 999 RIVERVIEW DR, STE 208, TOTOWA, NJ 07512-1165 USA SN 1064-3745 BN 978-1-60327-410-4 J9 METHODS MOL BIOL JI Methods Mol. Biol. PY 2009 VL 578 BP 379 EP 391 DI 10.1007/978-1-60327-411-1_23 D2 10.1007/978-1-60327-411-1 PG 13 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Biochemistry & Molecular Biology SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology GA BNM36 UT WOS:000274946200023 PM 19768606 ER PT B AU Vecchione, M Allcock, L Piatkowski, U Jorgensen, E Barratt, I AF Vecchione, Michael Allcock, Louise Piatkowski, Uwe Jorgensen, Elaina Barratt, Iain BE Krupnik, I Lang, MA Miller, SE TI Persistent Elevated Abundance of Octopods in an Overfished Antarctic Area SO SMITHSONIAN AT THE POLES: CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL POLAR YEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Smithsonian Poles Symposium 2007 CY MAY 03-04, 2007 CL Smithsonian Inst, Washington, DC HO Smithsonian Inst AB Trawl surveys conducted between 1996 and 2007 show that populations of octopods have significantly higher abundances around Elephant Island, off the Antarctic Peninsula, than in similar areas nearby. This elevated abundance was first detected following the cessation of commercial fishing and has persisted for many years beyond, possibly indicating an enduring shift in the structure of the ecosystem. C1 [Vecchione, Michael] Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM vecchiom@si.edu RI Allcock, Louise/A-7359-2012 OI Allcock, Louise/0000-0002-4806-0040 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU SMITHSONIAN INST PRESS PI WASHINGTON PA 900 JEFFERSON DRIVE SW, WASHINGTON, DC 20560 USA BN 978-0-9788460-1-5 PY 2009 BP 197 EP 203 DI 10.5479/si.097884601X.14 PG 7 WC Anthropology; Ecology; Geography; Geography, Physical; History & Philosophy Of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Anthropology; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geography; Physical Geography; History & Philosophy of Science; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BJC33 UT WOS:000264705700014 ER PT J AU Okerberg, BC Berry, BC Garvey, TR Douglas, JF Karim, A Soles, CL AF Okerberg, Brian C. Berry, Brian C. Garvey, Timothy R. Douglas, Jack F. Karim, Alamgir Soles, Christopher L. TI Competition between crystallization and dewetting fronts in thin polymer films SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID LOCALIZED VOLUME DEFICIENCIES; ISOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE; SPHERULITE GROWTH; PEO/PMMA BLENDS; LIQUID-FILMS; TRANSITION; SURFACES; MORPHOLOGY; MONOLAYERS; CRYSTALS AB We investigate the competition between dewetting and crystallization fronts in thin polymer films where the velocities of these fronts are modulated by varying the temperature from a low temperature regime, where crystallization dominates, to a high temperature regime, where dewetting is more rapid and dominates the film structure. Specifically, thin films of poly(caprolactone) (PCL) on n-octyldimethylchlorosilane (ODS)-treated substrates are investigated as a model system exhibiting this general phenomenon. Structure formation at low temperatures is dominated by polycrystalline spherulitic structures that nucleate at random positions within the plane of the film, but at intermediate temperatures, where the crystallization and dewetting are strongly coupled, dewetting occurs preferentially at the grain boundaries between the spherulites. We term this phenomenon crystallization-induced dewetting (CID) and provide evidence that it arises from the high stresses at the spherulite grain boundaries that accompany local volume changes of the polymer material upon crystallization. CID is prevalent in a temperature range in which the angles between the grains are larger than a critical angle and this effect allows for considerable control over the resulting film morphology. C1 [Okerberg, Brian C.; Berry, Brian C.; Garvey, Timothy R.; Douglas, Jack F.; Karim, Alamgir; Soles, Christopher L.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Okerberg, BC (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM brian.okerberg@nist.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov; christopher.soles@nist.gov FU National Research Council (NRC); Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) FX We thank the National Research Council (NRC) and the Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) program for funding and the Combinatorial Methods Center at NIST for the use of their equipment. We also thank Chris Stafford for helpful discussions regarding mechanical properties of thin films and Jim Warren on the role of re-entrant boundaries in facilitating hole nucleation. NR 46 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 5 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 BP 562 EP 567 DI 10.1039/b806074f PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 401QI UT WOS:000262956300009 ER PT J AU Yager, KG Berry, BC Page, K Patton, D Karim, A Amis, EJ AF Yager, Kevin G. Berry, Brian C. Page, Kirt Patton, Derek Karim, Alamgir Amis, Eric J. TI Disordered nanoparticle interfaces for directed self-assembly SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID COPOLYMER THIN-FILMS; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; BLOCK-COPOLYMERS; ROUGH SURFACES; ELECTRIC-FIELD; TRANSITION; PARALLEL; LAMELLAE; BRUSHES; TEMPERATURE AB Self-assembly is a promising route for controlling the nanoscale structure and material properties of coatings, yet it remains difficult to control the microstructure of these systems. In particular, self-assembling materials typically have complex and delicate energy landscapes, which are sensitive to defects, making it difficult to control morphology or orientation. We present a simple and robust strategy for modulating the film-substrate interaction, which can bias the self-assembly energy landscape and thus enforce a desired microstructure. The technique uses nanoparticles with tunable surface energy to generate a rough interface with controlled properties. The intentionally disordered interface is tolerant to variation in substrate preparation. We apply this technique to block-copolymer lamellae, and demonstrate a remarkable thickness-dependence of the induced orientation, consistent with theoretical predictions. The simultaneous control of substrate energy and topography enables expression of the vertical lamellae state without rigorous control of the preparation conditions. We measure an 8-fold increase in surface energy tolerance compared to flat substrates. C1 [Yager, Kevin G.; Berry, Brian C.; Page, Kirt; Patton, Derek; Karim, Alamgir] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Amis, Eric J.] NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Karim, A (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alamgir.karim@nist.gov RI Yager, Kevin/F-9804-2011; Patton, Derek/E-8241-2013 OI Yager, Kevin/0000-0001-7745-2513; Patton, Derek/0000-0002-8738-4750 FU NSERC Canada FX K. G. Y. acknowledges the support of NSERC Canada in the form of a Postdoctoral Fellowship. We thank the NIST Center for Neutron Research for providing facility access for SANS measurements, and recognize Paul Butler and Ronald Jones for contributions to SANS data acquisition. Additionally, Michael J. Fasolka and Christopher M. Stafford are acknowledged for their help with the combinatorial techniques, and Jack Douglas for helpful discussions. NR 28 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 11 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2009 VL 5 IS 3 BP 622 EP 628 DI 10.1039/b813970a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 401QI UT WOS:000262956300018 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Wang, GN Marquez, M Hu, ZB AF Zhou, Jun Wang, Guonan Marquez, Manuel Hu, Zhibing TI The formation of crystalline hydrogel films by self-crosslinking microgels SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID COLLOIDAL CRYSTALS; N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE; POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE) MICROGELS; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; GELS; PH; MICROSPHERES; COPOLYMERS; POLYMERS; BEHAVIOR AB Monodisperse spheres composed of a copolymer of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and N-hydroxymethylacrylamide (NMA) were prepared and used as building blocks for a thin hydrogel film. A dilute dispersion of these microgels was allowed to dry in air, resulting in the formation of crystalline microgel structures at the air/dispersion interface. Taking advantage of self-crosslinking property of NMA, the neighboring PNIPAM-NMA microgels reacted to form covalent bonds to stabilize the crystalline structure after the water was completely evaporated from the particle dispersion at ambient temperature. After immersion in water, this film not only absorbed a large amount of water like a conventional hydrogel but also exhibited iridescent colors due to long range ordered microgel arrays. The thermally responsive properties and mechanical properties of this film were studied. C1 [Zhou, Jun; Wang, Guonan; Hu, Zhibing] Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Zhou, Jun; Wang, Guonan; Hu, Zhibing] Univ N Texas, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Denton, TX 76203 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Ctr Integrated Nanotechnol, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Hu, ZB (reprint author), Univ N Texas, Dept Phys, POB 311427, Denton, TX 76203 USA. EM zbhu@unt.edu RI Zhou, Jun/H-3484-2013 FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0507208] FX We gratefully acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation under Grant DMR-0507208. NR 40 TC 18 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 39 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2009 VL 5 IS 4 BP 820 EP 826 DI 10.1039/b814830a PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 406CJ UT WOS:000263272300016 ER PT J AU Park, SM Berry, BC Dobisz, E Kim, HC AF Park, Sang-Min Berry, Brian C. Dobisz, Elizabeth Kim, Ho-Cheol TI Observation of surface corrugation-induced alignment of lamellar microdomains in PS-b-PMMA thin films SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID BLOCK-COPOLYMER; ORIENTATION; PURE AB We report lateral alignment of lamellar microdomains in thin films of poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) on corrugated surfaces where surface energy is controlled as non-selective to PS and PMMA by anchoring polymer brushes of a random copolymer of PS and PMMA. The orientational order determined by Herman's orientation function indicates that the lamellae align perpendicular to the direction of surface corrugation within a window of surface corrugation length scales used in this study. The effect of relative scales of periodicity and film thickness of PS-b-PMMA to those of surface corrugation on the alignment of lamellae is discussed in this paper. C1 [Park, Sang-Min; Kim, Ho-Cheol] IBM Almaden Res Ctr, San Jose, CA 95123 USA. [Berry, Brian C.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Dobisz, Elizabeth] Hitachi Global Storage Technol, San Jose, CA 95135 USA. RP Kim, HC (reprint author), IBM Almaden Res Ctr, 650 Harry Rd, San Jose, CA 95123 USA. EM hckim@us.ibm.com NR 21 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 10 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2009 VL 5 IS 5 BP 957 EP 961 DI 10.1039/b813749h PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 417SV UT WOS:000264099500007 ER PT J AU Smoukov, SK Gangwal, S Marquez, M Velev, OD AF Smoukov, Stoyan K. Gangwal, Sumit Marquez, Manuel Velev, Orlin D. TI Reconfigurable responsive structures assembled from magnetic Janus particles SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUIDS; ELECTRIC-FIELDS; SUSPENSIONS; DEVICES; NANOPARTICLES; MICROSPHERES; NANOWIRES; MECHANISM; DYNAMICS; SPHERES AB Magnetic Janus particles are assembled into novel staggered chain structures under the action of magnetic and electric fields. The magnetic assembly can result in permanent structures, which could be disassembled on demand by remote demagnetization. C1 [Smoukov, Stoyan K.; Gangwal, Sumit; Velev, Orlin D.] N Carolina State Univ, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] Arizona State Univ, Harrington Dept Bioengn, Tempe, AZ 85287 USA. [Marquez, Manuel] NIST, Ctr Theoret & Computat Nanosci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Velev, OD (reprint author), N Carolina State Univ, Chem & Biomol Engn Dept, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. EM odvelev@ncsu.edu RI Smoukov, Stoyan/F-8545-2011 FU National Science Foundation [CBET 0506701]; Interdisciplinary Network for Emerging Science and Technologies FX This study was supported by a NIRT project from the National Science Foundation (CBET 0506701) and a visiting researcher fellowship from the Interdisciplinary Network for Emerging Science and Technologies. We thank Mr. Oliver Luen for his help in performing the magnetization measurements. NR 51 TC 130 Z9 130 U1 4 U2 105 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X EI 1744-6848 J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2009 VL 5 IS 6 BP 1285 EP 1292 DI 10.1039/b814304h PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 417SX UT WOS:000264099800020 ER PT J AU Holt, SA Le Brun, AP Majkrzak, CF McGillivray, DJ Heinrich, F Losche, M Lakey, JH AF Holt, Stephen A. Le Brun, Anton P. Majkrzak, Charles F. McGillivray, Duncan J. Heinrich, Frank Loesche, Mathias Lakey, Jeremy H. TI An ion-channel-containing model membrane: structural determination by magnetic contrast neutron reflectometry SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID BILAYER-LIPID MEMBRANES; SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; SURFACE-PLASMON RESONANCE; AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; CELL-MEMBRANES; GOLD SURFACES; HEXADECYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDE; HYDROCARBON CHAIN; LIQUID INTERFACES; PROTEIN AB To many biophysical characterisation techniques, biological membranes appear as two-dimensional structures with details of their third dimension hidden within a 5 nm profile. Probing this structure requires methods able to discriminate multiple layers a few Angstroms thick. Given sufficient resolution, neutron methods can provide the required discrimination between different biochemical components, especially when selective deuteration is employed. We have used state-of-the-art neutron reflection methods, with resolution enhancement via magnetic contrast variation to study an oriented model membrane system. The model is based on the Escherichia coli outer membrane protein OmpF fixed to a gold surface via an engineered cysteine residue. Below the gold is buried a magnetic metal layer which, in a magnetic field, displays different scattering strengths to spin-up and spin-down neutrons. This provides two independent datasets from a single biological sample. Simultaneous fitting of the two datasets significantly refines the resulting model. A beta-mercaptoethanol (beta ME) passivating surface, applied to the gold to prevent protein denaturation, is resolved for the first time as an 8.2 +/- 0.6 angstrom thick layer, demonstrating the improved resolution and confirming that this layer remains after OmpF assembly. The thiolipid monolayer (35.3 +/- 0.5 angstrom), assembled around the OmpF is determined and finally a fluid DMPC layer is added (total lipid thickness 58.7 +/- 0.9 angstrom). The dimensions of trimeric OmpF in isolation (53.6 +/- 2.5 angstrom), after assembly of lipid monolayer (57.5 +/- 0.9 angstrom) and lipid bilayer (58.7 +/- 0.9 angstrom), are precisely determined and show little variation. C1 [Holt, Stephen A.] Sci & Technol Facil Council, ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Le Brun, Anton P.; Lakey, Jeremy H.] Univ Newcastle, Inst Cell & Mol Biosci, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE2 4HH, Tyne & Wear, England. [Majkrzak, Charles F.; McGillivray, Duncan J.; Heinrich, Frank; Loesche, Mathias] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Heinrich, Frank; Loesche, Mathias] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Dept Phys, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. RP Holt, SA (reprint author), Sci & Technol Facil Council, ISIS, Rutherford Appleton Lab, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM Stephen.Holt@stfc.ac.uk; Anton.Le-Brun@newcastle.ac.uk; charles.majkrzak@nist.gov; frank.heinrich@nist.gov; j.h.lakey@ncl.ac.uk RI Le Brun, Anton/A-2604-2010; Holt, Stephen/E-4662-2011; Heinrich, Frank/A-5339-2010; Losche, Mathias/J-2986-2013; McGillivray, Duncan/B-9819-2009 OI Le Brun, Anton/0000-0003-2431-6985; Heinrich, Frank/0000-0002-8579-553X; Losche, Mathias/0000-0001-6666-916X; McGillivray, Duncan/0000-0003-2127-8792 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology; ISIS; Science and Technologies Facility Council (STFC), UK; NSF [CBET0555201]; NIH [1 RO1 RR14182] FX Support by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (U. S. DOC) and ISIS (Science and Technologies Facility Council (STFC), UK) in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work is gratefully acknowledged. APLB is a BBSRC CASE student with support from STFC Centre for Structure and Dynamics and Orla Protein Technologies Ltd. JHL thanks BBSRC for funding and Helen Ridley for technical assistance. We thank Paul A. Kienzle (NCNR) for support in the NR data analysis and Tom Griffin (ISIS) for help in configuring computational resources. This work was supported by the NSF (CBET0555201) and the NIH (1 RO1 RR14182). The identification of any commercial product or trade name does not imply endorsement or recommendation by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 60 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 1 U2 18 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2009 VL 5 IS 13 BP 2576 EP 2586 DI 10.1039/b822411k PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 461MW UT WOS:000267272100012 PM 21311730 ER PT J AU Yang, H Shin, K Tae, G Satija, SK AF Yang, Hosung Shin, Kwanwoo Tae, Giyoong Satija, Sushil K. TI Structure of a monolayer of poly(ethylene glycol) end-capped with a fluoroalkyl group and its relationship with protein adsorption at the aqueous interface SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID AIR-WATER-INTERFACE; AIR/WATER INTERFACE; DIBLOCK COPOLYMER; SURFACES; TRANSITION; LANGMUIR; FILMS; HYDROGELS; POLYMERS; ADHESION AB Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG, 6 kg mol(-1)) terminated at both ends by a hydrophobic fluoroalkyl segment [-(CH(2))(2)C(10)F(21)] (R(f)-PEG) has been shown to self-assemble into an essentially water insoluble hydrogel. Here, we characterize the monolayer, formed by R(f)-PEG and the subsequent adsorption of a protein, as a function of packing density at the aqueous interface by using thermodynamic methods, neutron reflectivity, and fluorescence microscopy. The pi-A isotherms showed two transitions. The first transition was attributed to the start of a conformational change of PEG chains from a pancake-like shape to a stretched brush-like shape due to intermicellar packing. The second transition was assigned to a collapse of the R(f)-PEG monolayer, submerging some of the micellar R(f)-PEG underneath the monolayer and forming a multilayered state. BSA (bovine serum albumin), a model protein, adsorption onto the R(f)-PEG monolayer from the subphase was also correlated with the transition state of the monolayer. At a lower packing density below the first transition, the R(f)-PEG did not suppress BSA adsorption at all. Conversely, an almost complete prevention of BSA adsorption by the R(f)-PEG was observed once the R(f)-PEG had formed a fully-covered monolayer state. C1 [Shin, Kwanwoo] Sogang Univ, Sogang HANARO Joint Ctr Biol Interfaces, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Yang, Hosung; Tae, Giyoong] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Oryong Dong 500712, Gwangju, South Korea. [Yang, Hosung; Tae, Giyoong] Gwangju Inst Sci & Technol, Dept Nanobio Mat & Elect, Oryong Dong 500712, Gwangju, South Korea. [Shin, Kwanwoo] Sogang Univ, Dept Chem, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Shin, Kwanwoo] Sogang Univ, Program Integrated Biotechnol, Seoul 121742, South Korea. [Satija, Sushil K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Shin, K (reprint author), Sogang Univ, Sogang HANARO Joint Ctr Biol Interfaces, Seoul 121742, South Korea. EM gytae@gist.ac.kr RI Shin, Kwanwoo /C-4979-2012; OI Shin, Kwanwoo/0000-0002-7563-8581 FU Korea government [R15-2008-006, R01-2008-000-12196-0]; Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of Korea [R31-20008-000-10026-0]; Nuclear Research R D Program; Nano/Bio Science & Technology Program [2005-01333]; Sogang University [200810018]; Basic Atomic Energy Research Institute of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Korea FX This work was partially supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) NCRC grant funded by the Korea government (No. R15-2008-006). G. Tae acknowledged the partial support by the World Class University (WCU) program at GIST through a grant provided by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST) of Korea (Project No. R31-20008-000-10026-0). K. Shin also acknowledged the financial supports from the Nuclear Research R & D Program, the Nano/Bio Science & Technology Program (2005-01333), Sogang University (200810018), KOSEF (R01-2008-000-12196-0), and Basic Atomic Energy Research Institute of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Korea. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 8 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2009 VL 5 IS 14 BP 2731 EP 2737 DI 10.1039/b905474j PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 481CD UT WOS:000268783500010 ER PT J AU Alvine, KJ Ding, YF Douglas, JF Ro, HW Okerberg, BC Karim, A Soles, CL AF Alvine, Kyle J. Ding, Yifu Douglas, Jack F. Ro, Hyun Wook Okerberg, Brian C. Karim, Alamgir Soles, Christopher L. TI Capillary instability in nanoimprinted polymer films SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID CORRUGATION GRATINGS; SURFACE-TENSION; LITHOGRAPHY; DECAY; ROUGHNESS; THREADS; LIQUID; FLOW AB Capillary forces play an active role in defining the equilibrium structure of nanoscale patterns. This effect can be especially pronounced in soft materials such as polymers near or above their glass transition temperature (T(g)) where material flow is possible. In these situations, the effect of surface tension can produce varied and complex capillary instabilities, even in relatively simple geometries such as parallel-line-space grating patterns. Here we investigate a novel capillary instability that arises upon thermal annealing of nanoimprinted polystyrene line-space gratings with an underlying residual layer. This novel instability is characterized by the development of lateral undulations of the lines, culminating in the localized coalescence of adjacent imprinted lines. An exact analytic model of this undulatory instability is not tractable, but we introduce a simple physical model for this lateral instability based on the driving force to reduce the surface energy, as in the well-known Rayleigh Plateau instability, which is likewise surface-energy driven. Good agreement is obtained between this simplified model and our observations. Our insights into the nature of this instability have implications for controlling the thermal stability of nanoscale patterns fabricated by nanoimprint lithography or other lithography techniques. C1 [Alvine, Kyle J.; Ding, Yifu; Douglas, Jack F.; Ro, Hyun Wook; Okerberg, Brian C.; Karim, Alamgir; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Alvine, Kyle J.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Energy & Environm Directorate, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Ding, Yifu] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Alvine, KJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kyle.alvine@pnl.gov; jack.douglas@nist.gov; csoles@nist.gov FU NIST National Research Council; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory [DEAC05-76RL01830] FX K.J.A. and B.C.O. gratefully acknowledge support from the NIST National Research Council postdoctoral fellowship program. Partial support provided to K. J. A. by Pacific Northwest National Laboratory under DOE contract No. DEAC05-76RL01830 is gratefully acknowledged. Use of the NIST Combinatorial Methods Center equipment and the Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory Electron Microscopy Facility is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank C. M. Stafford for insightful discussions. NR 23 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 17 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2009 VL 5 IS 15 BP 2913 EP 2918 DI 10.1039/b901409h PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 473CX UT WOS:000268183900014 ER PT J AU Bosse, AW Lin, EK Jones, RL Karim, A AF Bosse, August W. Lin, Eric K. Jones, Ronald L. Karim, Alamgir TI Interfacial fluctuations in an ideal block copolymer resist SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; ANISOTROPIC FLUCTUATIONS; MICROPHASE SEPARATION; SIMULATION; DYNAMICS AB We use field-theoretic computer simulations to show that intrinsic interfacial fluctuations may place limits on the use of block copolymer materials as resists for the nanofabrication of next-generation electronics devices. Even for an ideal system, our simulations demonstrate that the magnitude of the interfacial fluctuations is of the same order as the maximum interfacial roughness requirements noted in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. Furthermore, we show that the interfacial fluctuations exhibit an inverse power law dependence on the copolymer molecular mass, and we identify a peak in the interfacial fluctuation spectrum indicative of fluctuations with a wavelength of order the mesophase interdomain spacing. Recent research on block copolymer resists has focused on controlling and measuring long-range order; however, given the relatively large magnitude of the interfacial fluctuations observed in our ideal model, accurate measurements of interfacial fluctuations in candidate block copolymer materials will be necessary in order to determine their ultimate effectiveness as nanofabrication resists. C1 [Bosse, August W.; Lin, Eric K.; Jones, Ronald L.; Karim, Alamgir] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Karim, Alamgir] Univ Akron, Dept Polymer Engn, Akron, OH 44325 USA. RP Bosse, AW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM august.bosse@nist.gov FU National Research Council/National Institute of Standards and Technology Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program FX The authors would like to thank Gila E. Stein for helpful discussions. AWB gratefully acknowledges the support of the National Research Council/National Institute of Standards and Technology Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program. NR 27 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 2 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2009 VL 5 IS 21 BP 4266 EP 4271 DI 10.1039/b909292g PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 507FR UT WOS:000270837900026 ER PT J AU Weigandt, KM Pozzo, DC Porcar, L AF Weigandt, Katie M. Pozzo, Danilo C. Porcar, Lionel TI Structure of high density fibrin networks probed with neutron scattering and rheology SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID SMALL-ANGLE SCATTERING; BIOPOLYMER NETWORKS; CLOT; FIBERS; ELASTICITY; POLYMERS; GELS AB The structural and mechanical properties of coarse fibrin networks formed in D(2)O solutions are investigated over a wide range of concentrations (1-40 mg mL(-1)). For the first time, this range includes concentrations that are relevant to those found in in vivo blood clots. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) and ultra small angle neutron scattering (USANS) are used to seamlessly characterize the structure over length scales ranging from 1 nm to several micrometres. Using invariant and Guinier analyses the internal volume fraction of protein within the fiber and their bulk average radius are determined directly. The network properties of fibrin clots are also characterized using a model for fractal structures. The network scale features are shown to be highly dependent on the initial fibrinogen concentration while the average fiber radius is only weakly dependent on this parameter. These results demonstrate the usefulness of combining SANS and USANS as characterization tools for complex biopolymer systems such as fibrin. The linear viscoelastic modulus of fibrin gels is related to the concentration by a power law equation that is valid over the entire range. In contrast, the non-linear rheology of dense networks is altered from the monotonic strain hardening response that is found at lower concentrations. This demonstrates the need for thorough characterization of fibrin at concentrations relevant to those of thrombi formed in vivo. C1 [Weigandt, Katie M.; Pozzo, Danilo C.] Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Porcar, Lionel] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble, France. [Porcar, Lionel] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pozzo, DC (reprint author), Univ Washington, Dept Chem Engn, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM dpozzo@u.washington.edu FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; National Institute of Standards and Technology; U.S. Department of Commerce; University of Washington University Initiatives Fund FX We wish to acknowledge the helpful comments of Dr Paul Butler and Dr Andrew Jackson regarding this work. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. We acknowledge the support of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, U.S. Department of Commerce, in providing the neutron research facilities used in this work. We also acknowledge the financial support of the University of Washington University Initiatives Fund. NR 36 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 34 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2009 VL 5 IS 21 BP 4321 EP 4330 DI 10.1039/b906256d PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 507FR UT WOS:000270837900034 ER PT J AU Chan, EP Page, KA Im, SH Patton, DL Huang, R Stafford, CM AF Chan, Edwin P. Page, Kirt A. Im, Se Hyuk Patton, Derek L. Huang, Rui Stafford, Christopher M. TI Viscoelastic properties of confined polymer films measured via thermal wrinkling SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID THIN-FILMS; BILAYER; TEMPERATURE; SUBSTRATE; EVOLUTION AB We present a new wrinkling-based measurement technique for quantifying the viscoelastic properties of confined polymer thin films. This approach utilizes real-time laser-light scattering to observe the kinetics of thermally-induced surface wrinkling, which evolves isothermally as a function of annealing time. Specifically, wrinkling is induced by applying a thermal stress to a polystyrene film that is sandwiched between a silicon substrate and an aluminium thin film superstrate. By following the time evolution of the wrinkle wavelength and amplitude, we can infer the rubbery modulus and shear viscosity of the polystyrene film with the aid of a theoretical model. C1 [Chan, Edwin P.; Page, Kirt A.; Patton, Derek L.; Stafford, Christopher M.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Im, Se Hyuk; Huang, Rui] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. RP Stafford, CM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ruihuang@mail.utexas.edu; chris.stafford@nist.gov RI Huang, Rui/B-1627-2008; Chan, Edwin/G-1904-2011; Patton, Derek/E-8241-2013 OI Huang, Rui/0000-0003-0328-3862; Patton, Derek/0000-0002-8738-4750 FU NIST/National Research Council; National Science Foundation [0547409] FX The authors thank Sheng Lin-Gibson for the bulk rheology measurements and Jun Young Chung for insightful discussions. E. P. C. and K. A. P. acknowledge the NIST/National Research Council Postdoctoral Fellowship Program for funding. R. H. and S. H. I. are grateful for financial support by the National Science Foundation under grant no. 0547409. This work is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. The U. S. Government is authorized to reproduce and distribute reprints for Government purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation hereon. NR 27 TC 34 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 15 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2009 VL 5 IS 23 BP 4638 EP 4641 DI 10.1039/b916207k PG 4 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 521GH UT WOS:000271907900005 ER PT J AU Yi, F Xu, J Smith, AM Parikh, AN Lavan, DA AF Yi, Feng Xu, Jian Smith, A. Michelle Parikh, Atul N. LaVan, David A. TI Nanofiber-supported phospholipid bilayers SO SOFT MATTER LA English DT Article ID TISSUE ENGINEERING SCAFFOLDS; BLACK LIPID-MEMBRANES; POLYMER NANOFIBERS; LATERAL DIFFUSION; CELL-ADHESION; MONOLAYERS; MECHANISM; RECOVERY; MOBILITY; SYSTEMS AB The natural cell cytoskeleton provides critical mechanical support for lipid bilayers using a network of actin fibers. As a step towards fabricating artificial cells, functional nanofiber networks were created to mimic the chemical and mechanical environment provided by the actin network. Lipid bilayers were formed on a random nanofiber mat made from similar to 131 nm diameter polycaprolactam nanofibers modified to be highly hydrophilic by coating with 6.6 nm of silica (SiO(2)). The nanofiber-supported bilayers were characterized using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and electrophysiological recordings and found to be comparable to bilayer recordings from natural membranes. The nanofiber-supported bilayers were also more stable than conventional, unsupported, black lipid bilayers. C1 [Yi, Feng; LaVan, David A.] NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Xu, Jian] Yale Univ, New Haven, CT 06511 USA. [Smith, A. Michelle; Parikh, Atul N.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. RP Lavan, DA (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.lavan@nist.gov RI LaVan, David/C-3943-2012; Xu, Jian/A-6424-2013; PARIKH, ATUL/D-2243-2014 OI LaVan, David/0000-0002-1952-0028; PARIKH, ATUL/0000-0002-5927-4968 FU National Center for the Design of Biomimetic Nanoconductors (NCDBN) by the National Institutes of Health [PHS 2 PN2 EY016570B] FX This work was funded via the National Center for the Design of Biomimetic Nanoconductors (NCDBN) by the National Institutes of Health through the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research; award number PHS 2 PN2 EY016570B. The full description of the materials and instruments used in this paper requires the identification of certain materials and instrument suppliers. The inclusion of such information should in no way be construed as indicating that such materials or instrument suppliers are endorsed by NIST or are recommended by NIST or that they are necessarily the best materials or instruments for the purposes described. NR 37 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 7 PU ROYAL SOC CHEMISTRY PI CAMBRIDGE PA THOMAS GRAHAM HOUSE, SCIENCE PARK, MILTON RD, CAMBRIDGE CB4 0WF, CAMBS, ENGLAND SN 1744-683X J9 SOFT MATTER JI Soft Matter PY 2009 VL 5 IS 24 BP 5037 EP 5041 DI 10.1039/b903048d PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Multidisciplinary; Polymer Science SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics; Polymer Science GA 526EX UT WOS:000272271600023 ER PT J AU Liu, QH Weng, FZ AF Liu, Quanhua Weng, Fuzhong TI Recent Stratospheric Temperature Observed from Satellite Measurements SO SOLA LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OVERPASSES; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; TRENDS; CLIMATE AB Some important recent findings in climate studies are the warming trend in the troposphere and the cooling trend in the stratosphere. However, the evidence for the cooling trend in the stratosphere may need to be revisited. This study presents evidence that the stratosphere is slightly warming since 1996. Using long-term Stratosphere Sounding Unit (SSU) measurements at channels 1 and 2 before 1996, we did obtain a cooling trend in the middle and upper parts of stratosphere similar to the findings for the lower stratosphere in literature (Ramaswamy et al. 2001; Fu et al. 2004). But, we also found that the temperature trend in the middle and upper stratosphere has alternated to warming since 1996. We also analyzed a time series of the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) channel 4 brightness temperatures between 1978 and 2006 and found the same reversing trend in the lower stratosphere. The reversing trend may relate to a possible recovery of stratospheric ozone concentration. C1 [Liu, Quanhua] Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Weng, Fuzhong] NOAA, NESDIS, STAR, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Liu, QH (reprint author), Joint Ctr Satellite Data Assimilat, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM Quanhua.Liu@noaa.gov RI Liu, Quanhua/B-6608-2008; Weng, Fuzhong/F-5633-2010 OI Liu, Quanhua/0000-0002-3616-351X; Weng, Fuzhong/0000-0003-0150-2179 NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 0 PU METEOROLOGICAL SOC JPN PI TOKYO PA C/O JPN METEOROL AGENCY 1-3-4 OTE-MACHI, CHIYODA-KU, TOKYO, 100-0004, JAPAN SN 1349-6476 J9 SOLA JI SOLA PY 2009 VL 5 BP 53 EP 56 DI 10.2151/sola.2009-014 PG 4 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 545PG UT WOS:000273746300014 ER PT S AU Ewald, B Penland, C AF Ewald, Brian Penland, Cecile BE Temam, RM Tribbia, JJ TI Numerical Generation of Stochastic Differential Equations in Climate Models SO SPECIAL VOLUME: COMPUTATIONAL METHODS FOR THE ATMOSPHERE AND THE OCEANS SE Handbook of Numerical Analysis LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID INTEGRATION; GEOPHYSICS; SCHEMES; FLOW C1 [Ewald, Brian] Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Penland, Cecile] NOAA, Div Phys Sci, ESRL, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Ewald, B (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Math, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1570-8659 BN 978-0-08-093103-6 J9 HANDB NUM ANAL PY 2009 VL 14 BP 279 EP 306 DI 10.1016/S1570-8659(08)00206-8 PG 28 WC Mathematics SC Mathematics GA BCT26 UT WOS:000311344600008 ER PT B AU Donmez, A Soons, JA AF Donmez, Alkan Soons, Johannes A. BE Nof, SY TI Impacts of Automation on Precision SO SPRINGER HANDBOOK OF AUTOMATION LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 [Donmez, Alkan; Soons, Johannes A.] NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Mfg Proc Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Donmez, Alkan] NIST, Sci Based Mfg Program, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Donmez, Alkan] NIST, Machine Tool Metrol Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Donmez, A (reprint author), NIST, Mfg Engn Lab, Mfg Proc Metrol Grp, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alkan.donmez@nist.gov; soons@nist.gov NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY BN 978-3-540-78830-0 PY 2009 BP 117 EP 126 DI 10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7_7 D2 10.1007/978-3-540-78831-7 PG 10 WC Automation & Control Systems SC Automation & Control Systems GA BKW94 UT WOS:000269494300007 ER PT S AU Huang, H Li, B Zhao, Q Luo, ZQ Im, J Kang, MK Allen, RA Cresswell, MW Huang, R Ho, PS AF Huang, Huai Li, Bin Zhao, Qiu Luo, Zhiquan Im, Jay Kang, Min K. Allen, Richard A. Cresswell, Michael W. Huang, Rui Ho, Paul S. BE Ho, PS Ogawa, S Zscheck, E TI Nanoindentation of Si Nanostructures: Buckling and Friction at Nanoscales SO STRESS-INDUCED PHENOMENA IN METALLIZATION SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 10th International Workshop on Stress-Induced Phenomena in Metallization CY NOV 05-07, 2008 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX HO Univ Texas DE Silicon nanolines; Anisotropic wet etching; Nanoindentation; Buckling instability; Displacement burst ID SINGLE-CRYSTAL SILICON; STRENGTH; FRACTURE; CONTACT AB A nanoindentation system was employed to characterize mechanical properties of silicon nanolines (SiNLs), which were fabricated by an anisotropic wet etching (AWE) process. The SiNLs had the linewidth ranging from 24 nm to 90 nm, having smooth and vertical sidewalls and the aspect ratio (height/linewidth) from 7 to 18. During indentation, a buckling instability was observed at a critical load, followed by a displacement burst without a load increase, then a full recovery of displacement upon unloading. This phenomenon was explained by two bucking modes. It was also found that the difference in friction at the contact between the indenter and SiNLs directly affected buckling response of these nanolines. The friction coefficient was estimated to be in a range of 0.02 to 0.05. For experiments with large indentation displacements, irrecoverable indentation displacements were observed due to fracture of Si nanolines, with the strain to failure estimated to be from 3.8% to 9.7%. These observations indicated that the buckling behavior of SiNLs depended on the combined effects of load, line geometry, and the friction at contact. This study demonstrated a valuable approach to fabrication of well-defined Si nanoline structures and the application of the nanoindentation method for investigation of their mechanical properties at the nanoscale. C1 [Huang, Huai; Li, Bin; Zhao, Qiu; Luo, Zhiquan; Im, Jay; Ho, Paul S.] Univ Texas Austin, Microelect Res Ctr, 10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. [Kang, Min K.; Huang, Rui] Univ Texas Austin, Dept Aerosp Engn & Engn Mech, Austin, TX 78712 USA. [Allen, Richard A.; Cresswell, Michael W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Huang, H (reprint author), Univ Texas Austin, Microelect Res Ctr, 10100 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78758 USA. RI Huang, Rui/B-1627-2008 OI Huang, Rui/0000-0003-0328-3862 FU National Science Foundation [0335765, CMMI-0654105]; NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs FX The authors thank Dr. Li Shi for helpful discussion on the fabrication process development. This work was performed in part at the Microelectronics Research Center of the University of Texas at Austin, a member of the National Nanofabrication Infrastructure Network supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0335765. MKK and RH are grateful for the financial support by the National Science Foundation through Grant No. CMMI-0654105. We are also grateful to the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs for supporting this work. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0680-3 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1143 BP 204 EP + PG 2 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA BKF57 UT WOS:000267980400020 ER PT S AU Itano, WM AF Itano, Wayne M. BE Walser, RM Valanju, AP Valanju, PM TI Perspectives on the quantum Zeno paradox SO SUDARSHAN: SEVEN SCIENCE QUESTS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Sudarshan: 7 Science Quests CY NOV 06-07, 2006 CL Univ Texas, Austin, TX SP Univ Texas, Phys Dept, Univ Texas, Ctr Electromagnet Mat & Devces, MetaMaterials LLC HO Univ Texas ID NEUTRON SPIN; SYSTEMS; DECOHERENCE AB As of October 2006, there were approximately 535 citations to the seminal 1977 paper of Misra and Sudarshan that pointed out the quantum Zeno paradox (more often called the quantum Zeno effect). In simple terms, the quantum Zeno effect refers to a slowing down of the evolution of a quantum state in the limit that the state is observed continuously. There has been much disagreement as to how the quantum Zeno effect should be defined and as to whether it is really a paradox, requiring new physics, or merely a consequence of "ordinary" quantum mechanics. The experiment of Itano, Heinzen, Bollinger, and Wineland, published in 1990, has been cited around 347 times and seems to be the one most often called a demonstration of the quantum Zeno effect. Given that there is disagreement as to what the quantum Zeno effect is, there naturally is disagreement as to whether that experiment demonstrated the quantum Zeno effect. Some differing perspectives regarding the quantum Zeno effect and what would constitute an experimental demonstration are discussed. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Itano, WM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM itano@boulder.nist.gov NR 36 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 196 AR 012018 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/196/1/012018 PG 8 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA BTQ60 UT WOS:000287793000028 ER PT J AU Kline, JS Wang, HH Oh, SS Martinis, JM Pappas, DP AF Kline, Jeffrey S. Wang, Haohua Oh, Seongshik Martinis, John M. Pappas, David P. TI Josephson phase qubit circuit for the evaluation of advanced tunnel barrier materials SO SUPERCONDUCTOR SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TOMOGRAPHY; JUNCTIONS; STATE AB We have found that crystalline Josephson junctions have problems with the control of critical current density that decrease the circuit yield. We present a superconducting quantum bit circuit designed to accommodate a factor of five variation in critical current density from one fabrication run to the next. The new design enables the evaluation of advanced tunnel barrier materials for superconducting quantum bits. Using this circuit design, we compare the performance of Josephson phase qubits fabricated with MgO and Al2O3 advanced crystalline tunnel barriers to AlOx amorphous tunnel barrier qubits. C1 [Kline, Jeffrey S.; Oh, Seongshik; Pappas, David P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, Haohua; Martinis, John M.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Phys, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. RP Kline, JS (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM klinej@nist.gov RI Wang, Haohua/G-8875-2011 FU US government and IARPA FX This work was funded by the US government and IARPA. (C) US Government. NR 17 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 2 U2 9 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0953-2048 EI 1361-6668 J9 SUPERCOND SCI TECH JI Supercond. Sci. Technol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 22 IS 1 AR 015004 DI 10.1088/0953-2048/22/1/015004 PG 5 WC Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 384RG UT WOS:000261761300015 ER PT S AU Aronson, RB Precht, WF AF Aronson, Richard B. Precht, William F. BE Nelson, GL Hronszky, I TI Sustaining Ecosystem Services in the Global Coral Reef Crisis SO SUSTAINABILITY 2009: THE NEXT HORIZON SE AIP Conference Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Sustainability 2009 - The Next Horizon Conference CY MAR 03-04, 2009 CL Melbourne, FL SP Coll Sci, Florida Inst Technol, Coll Business, Florida Inst Technol, Budapest Univ Technol & Econ DE Advocacy; climate change; coral reefs; ecosystem services; hurricanes; overfishing; sea-level rise; sustainability ID NORTHERN LINE ISLANDS; REGION-WIDE DECLINES; LONG-TERM DECLINE; CLIMATE-CHANGE; PHASE-SHIFTS; BIOLOGICAL DISTURBANCE; ENVIRONMENTAL-CHANGE; BAND DISEASE; CONSERVATION; RESILIENCE AB Objective science is critical to understanding the relative impacts of the many putative causal agents in the global coral reef crisis. This paper provides an evidence-based scenario of causality leading to the current state of reef degradation. Contrary to revisionist narratives that emphasize the local-scale effects of fishing and nutrient loading, coral populations were and are degrading primarily due to regional- to global-scale factors. Most important among these large-scale factors are disease outbreaks and coral bleaching, both of which are related to climate change. Because policy recommendations and management strategies will differ depending on which cause(s) are perceived to exert the greatest influence, scientists must be explicit about when they are acting as advocates and when they are objectively conveying scientific results. Legitimate scientific debate is healthy and in no way diminishes the goal of creating cogent policy. Forced ideological unification, in contrast, risks obfuscation, undermining the scientific process. Science must move forward unfettered by political expediency; however, the situation is dire enough to warrant immediate action on local, regional, and global levels, based on the best scientific information at hand, in parallel with continuing research. C1 [Aronson, Richard B.] Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, 150 West University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. [Precht, William F.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Florida Keys Natl Marine Sanctuary, Key Largo, FL 33037 USA. RP Aronson, RB (reprint author), Florida Inst Technol, Dept Biol Sci, 150 West University Blvd, Melbourne, FL 32901 USA. NR 72 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1NO1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0094-243X BN 978-0-7354-0694-0 J9 AIP CONF PROC PY 2009 VL 1157 BP 48 EP + PG 3 WC Ecology; Economics; Environmental Sciences; Environmental Studies; Public Administration SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Business & Economics; Public Administration GA BLH26 UT WOS:000270167600007 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Systemic management-what and why? SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP 1 EP + PG 23 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000002 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Systemic Management Sustainable Human Interactions with Ecosystems and the Biosphere Preface SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter ID HUMAN CARRYING-CAPACITY; GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; STATISTICAL POWER ANALYSIS; BARRO-COLORADO ISLAND; BODY-SIZE; POPULATION-DENSITY; SPECIES SELECTION; FOOD WEBS; EVOLUTIONARY-THEORY; REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 805 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP IX EP + PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000001 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Patterns among species: information SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP 22 EP + PG 36 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000003 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Selective extinction and speciation SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP 55 EP + PG 27 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000004 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Why conventional management does not work SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP 78 EP + PG 49 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000005 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Why systemic management works SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP 121 EP + PG 44 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000006 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Humans: a species beyond limits SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP 159 EP + PG 49 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000007 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Systemic Management Sustainable Human Interactions with Ecosystems and the Biosphere Epilogue SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Editorial Material; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP 204 EP + PG 28 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000008 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Species characteristics and selectivity in extinction and speciation SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BODY-SIZE; DENSITY-DEPENDENCE; LIFE-HISTORY; REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION; POPULATION-DENSITY; ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES; ANIMAL POPULATIONS; INTRINSIC-FACTORS; SEXUAL SELECTION; LARVAL ECOLOGY C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 219 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A28 EP A40 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000013 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI What should management applied to ecosystems include? SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID GREATER YELLOWSTONE ECOSYSTEM; BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; STRESSED ECOSYSTEMS; ECOLOGICAL-SOCIETY; EXTINCTION; SUSTAINABILITY; SCIENCE; BIODIVERSITY; CONSERVATION; FISHERIES C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 160 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A73 EP A82 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000019 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Human contribution to extinction SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY; POPULATION-GROWTH; BIODIVERSITY; FUTURE; ECOSYSTEMS; SCIENCE C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 25 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A132 EP A135 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000030 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI The challenge of population at the national level SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 1 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A130 EP A131 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000029 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Identifying human elements in needed management SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY CRISIS; HUMAN-POPULATION; DEFORESTATION; SCIENCE; BIODIVERSITY; EXTINCTION; RESOURCES; GROWTH; IMPACT C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 91 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A105 EP A112 PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000025 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI The human population evaluated by interspecific comparisons SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BODY-SIZE; ANIMAL ASSEMBLAGES; DENSITY; ABUNDANCE; MAMMALS C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 24 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A125 EP A129 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000028 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Ecosystem changes SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID STRESS; FISHERIES; EVOLUTION; BIODIVERSITY; EXPLOITATION; POPULATIONS; RESISTANCE; DIVERSITY; AMERICA; AGE C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 94 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A83 EP A88 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000020 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Overpopulation as contributing cause to environmental degradation SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 35 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 4 U2 9 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A113 EP A117 PG 5 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000026 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Conventional assessment of human population size SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID HISTORY C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 27 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A118 EP A124 PG 7 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000027 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Asking management and research questions SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 2 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A99 EP A104 PG 6 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000024 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Science is inadequate for management SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 18 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A96 EP A98 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000023 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI The Bayesian interpretation of selective extinction and speciation SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A92 EP A95 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000022 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Alternative terms for the processes of selective extinction and speciation SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID SPECIES SELECTION; CAUSAL PROCESS; EVOLUTION; MACROEVOLUTION; LIFE; PROGRESS C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 62 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A69 EP A72 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000018 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Principles of "ecosystem management" SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 16 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A89 EP A91 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000021 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Evolutionary contributions to the formation of species-level patterns (frequency distributions) SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT; RESOURCE MANAGEMENT; BODY-SIZE; DYNAMICS; POPULATIONS; EXTINCTION; POLYPLOIDY; DEPENDENCE; PLANTS C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 79 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A41 EP A62 PG 22 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000014 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Variety in patterns among species SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID BODY-SIZE; POPULATION-DENSITY; FOOD WEBS; REGIONAL DISTRIBUTION; ANIMAL POPULATIONS; LOCAL ABUNDANCE; DYNAMICS; DIVERSITY; ECOSYSTEMS; DEPENDENCE C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 78 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A11 EP A27 PG 17 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000012 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Selective extinction, speciation, and evolution for two categories SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A64 EP A65 PG 2 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000016 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Selective evolution between two categories SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A63 EP A63 PG 1 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000015 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Selective extinction and speciation in numerous categories SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A66 EP A68 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000017 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Species-level failure to thrive SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 31 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A4 EP A7 PG 4 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000010 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Sample patterns for the eastern Bering Sea (construction of Figs 1.6 through 1.8) SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A8 EP A10 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000011 ER PT B AU Fowler, CW AF Fowler, Charles W. BA Fowler, CW BF Fowler, CW TI Reality/complexity SO SYSTEMIC MANAGEMENT: SUSTAINABLE HUMAN INTERACTIONS WITH ECOSYSTEMS AND THE BIOSPHERE LA English DT Article; Book Chapter C1 Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Fowler, CW (reprint author), Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 198 MADISON AVENUE, NEW YORK, NY 10016 USA BN 978-0-19-171624-9; 978-0-19-954096-9 PY 2009 BP A1 EP A3 PG 3 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA BC6SG UT WOS:000354457000009 ER PT B AU Amornthammarong, N Nacapricha, D Sereenonchai, K Anujarawat, P Wilairat, P AF Amornthammarong, Natchanon Nacapricha, Duangjai Sereenonchai, Kamonthip Anujarawat, Peerapat Wilairat, Prapin BE Barculo, D Daniels, J TI AUDIBLE-WAVE TELEMETRY WITH PC SOUND CARD FOR REMOTE ANALYSIS APPLICATIONS SO TELEMETRY: RESEARCH, TECHNOLOGY AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE telemetry; audible-wave; remote measurement; sound card ID PERSONAL-COMPUTER; SYSTEM AB This chapter describes the development of a cost-effective telemetric system through a combination of a wireless microphone for signal transmission and a computer sound card for recording of signals in the audible range. Three common communication systems, which are normally used for voice transmission were compared for data transmission. The final developed telemeter provides a high potential for remote monitoring up to a distance of 30 m with a sampling rate of 10 Hz and 100% accuracy with low noise. The working signal range was from 0 to 2 volts, with resolution of more than a 10 bit A/D. A satisfactorily good precision of 0.1% RSD was achieved. The system works well for wireless monitoring of output from a spectrophotometer and pH meter. This work also demonstrated successful applications of the telemetric system with various chemical analyses in our laboratory. C1 [Amornthammarong, Natchanon] NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Amornthammarong, Natchanon] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Marine, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Amornthammarong, Natchanon] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Cooperat Inst Atmospher Studies, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Amornthammarong, Natchanon; Nacapricha, Duangjai; Sereenonchai, Kamonthip; Anujarawat, Peerapat; Wilairat, Prapin] Mahidol Univ, Dept Chem, Fac Sci, FIRST Lab, Bangkok 10400, Thailand. RP Amornthammarong, N (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, Ocean Chem Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM natchanon.amornthammarong@noaa.gov RI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/A-5752-2011 OI Amornthammarong, Natchanon/0000-0003-1677-1865 NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU NOVA SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, INC PI HAUPPAUGE PA 400 OSER AVE, STE 1600, HAUPPAUGE, NY 11788-3635 USA BN 978-1-60692-509-6 PY 2009 BP 205 EP 214 PG 10 WC Engineering, Biomedical SC Engineering GA BKQ81 UT WOS:000268966400010 ER PT J AU Xu, Q Wei, L Healy, S AF Xu, Qin Wei, Li Healy, Sean TI Measuring information content from observations for data assimilations: connection between different measures and application to radar scan design SO TELLUS SERIES A-DYNAMIC METEOROLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SINGLE-DOPPLER RADAR; SIMPLE ADJOINT RETRIEVALS; ERROR COVARIANCES; RELATIVE ENTROPY; MICROBURST WINDS; FORMULATION AB The previously derived formulations for using the relative entropy and Shannon entropy difference (SD) to measure information content from observations are revisited in connection with another known information measure-degrees of freedom for signal, which is defined as the statistical average of the signal part of the relative entropy. For a linear assimilation system, the statistical average of the relative entropy reduces to the SD. The formulations are extended for four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVar). The extended formulations reveal that the information content increases (or decreases) as the model error increase (or decrease) and/or become strongly (or weakly) correlated in 4-D space. These properties are also highlighted by illustrative examples, and the extended formulations are shown to be potential useful for designing optimum phased-array radar scan configurations to maximize the extractable information contents from radar observations by a 4DVar analysis system. C1 [Xu, Qin] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Wei, Li] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. RP Xu, Q (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. EM qin.xu@noaa.gov FU CIMMS [N000140410312]; University of Oklahoma; CIMMS; NOAA under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1227]; U.S. Department of Commerce FX The authors are thankful to Dr. James Purser and Prof. Richard Kleeman for their insightful comments and suggestions that improved the presentation of the results. The computational resource was provided by the OU Supercomputing Center for Education & Research at the University of Oklahoma. The research work was supported by the ONR Grant N000140410312 to CIMMS, the University of Oklahoma. Funding was also provided to CIMMS by NOAA under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement #NA17RJ1227, U.S. Department of Commerce. NR 31 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 1 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0280-6495 J9 TELLUS A JI Tellus Ser. A-Dyn. Meteorol. Oceanol. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 61 IS 1 BP 144 EP 153 DI 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2008.00373.x PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences; Oceanography GA 385DO UT WOS:000261793500011 ER PT J AU Lefebvre, KA Tilton, SC Bammler, TK Beyer, RP Srinouanprachan, S Stapleton, PL Farin, FM Gallagher, EP AF Lefebvre, Kathi A. Tilton, Susan C. Bammler, Theo K. Beyer, Richard P. Srinouanprachan, Sengkeo Stapleton, Patricia L. Farin, Federico M. Gallagher, Evan P. TI Gene Expression Profiles in Zebrafish Brain after Acute Exposure to Domoic Acid at Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Doses SO TOXICOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article ID LIONS ZALOPHUS-CALIFORNIANUS; CEREBELLAR GRANULE NEURONS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; BINDING PROTEIN-BETA; SEA LIONS; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; HIPPOCAMPAL DAMAGE; MARINE NEUROTOXIN; MEMORY IMPAIRMENT; OXIDATIVE STRESS AB Domoic acid (DA) is a neuroexcitatory amino acid that is naturally produced by some marine diatom species of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia. Ingestion of DA-contaminated seafood by humans results in a severe neurotoxic disease known as amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP). Clinical signs of ASP include seizures and neuronal damage from activation of ionotropic glutamate receptors. However, the impacts of DA exposure at levels below those known to induce outward signs of neurobehavioral exicitotoxicity have not been well characterized. To further understand the mechanisms of neurotoxic injury associated with DA exposure, we examined the transcriptome of whole brains from zebrafish (Danio rerio) receiving intracoelomic (IC) injection of DA at both symptomatic and asymptomatic doses. A majority of zebrafish exposed to high-dose DA (1.2 mu g DA/g) exhibited clinical signs of neuroexcitotoxicity (EC(50) of 0.86 mu g DA/g) within 5-20 min of IC injection. All zebrafish receiving low-dose DA (0.47 mu g DA/g) or vehicle only maintained normal behavior. Microarray analysis of symptomatic and asymptomatic exposures collectively yielded 306 differentially expressed genes (1.5-fold, p <= 0.05) predominately represented by signal transduction, ion transport, and transcription factor functional categories. Transcriptional profiles were suggestive of neuronal apoptosis following an overwhelming of protective adaptive pathways. Further, potential molecular biomarkers of neuropathic injury, including the zebrafish homolog of human NDRG4, were identified and may be relevant to DA exposure levels below that causing neurobehavioral injury. In general, DA-modulated gene expression was consistent with other model species thereby validating zebrafish as an appropriate vertebrate model to study mechanisms of DA neurotoxicity. These data provide a basis for identifying pathways of DA-induced injury as well as biomarkers of asymptomatic and symptomatic DA exposure levels. C1 [Tilton, Susan C.; Bammler, Theo K.; Beyer, Richard P.; Srinouanprachan, Sengkeo; Stapleton, Patricia L.; Farin, Federico M.; Gallagher, Evan P.] Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. [Lefebvre, Kathi A.] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Fisheries NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98125 USA. RP Gallagher, EP (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Publ Hlth & Community Med, Dept Environm & Occupat Hlth Sci, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. EM evang3@u.washington.edu FU The NOAA West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health NOAA-(WCCOHH); Pacific Northwest Center for Human Health and Ocean Studies [P50-ES012762, OCE0434087]; University of Washington Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health [P30-ES07033]; Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences postdoctoral fellowship in Environmental Pathology and Toxicology [T32-ES07032] FX The NOAA West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health NOAA-(WCCOHH); the Pacific Northwest Center for Human Health and Ocean Studies (P50-ES012762, OCE0434087); the University of Washington Center for Ecogenetics and Environmental Health (National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences P30-ES07033); the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers to K. A. L.; and an National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences postdoctoral fellowship in Environmental Pathology and Toxicology (T32-ES07032) to S. C. T. NR 66 TC 24 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 10 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1096-6080 J9 TOXICOL SCI JI Toxicol. Sci. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 107 IS 1 BP 65 EP 77 DI 10.1093/toxsci/kfn207 PG 13 WC Toxicology SC Toxicology GA 386NM UT WOS:000261889900007 PM 18936300 ER PT J AU Hall, JE Chamberlin, J Kagley, AN Greene, C Fresh, KL AF Hall, J. E. Chamberlin, J. Kagley, A. N. Greene, C. Fresh, K. L. TI Effects of Gastric and Surgical Insertions of Dummy Ultrasonic Transmitters on Juvenile Chinook Salmon in Seawater SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID IMPLANTED RADIO TRANSMITTERS; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; ATLANTIC SALMON; ACOUSTIC TRANSMITTERS; SWIMMING PERFORMANCE; FEEDING-BEHAVIOR; SURVIVAL; GROWTH; WASHINGTON; COLUMBIA AB The objective of this study was to develop guidance for tagging methods for juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in their first ocean year by evaluating the effects of tagging during this critical life stage. We compared survival over 42 d among juvenile hatchery Chinook salmon receiving surgically implanted dummy ultrasonic transmitters (equivalent to VEMCO V7-1 L tags) ranging from 2.6% to 8.8% of body mass with that of fish receiving gastrically implanted tags. Survival was significantly lower in fish receiving gastrically implanted transmitters (21%) than for the gastric-sham (66%), Surgery (61%), surgery-sham (58%). and control treatments (90%). Survival was also significantly higher in the control treatment than in all other treatments. The results of this study indicate that Surgical insertion into the peritoneal cavity is the preferred method of transmitter implantation in juvenile Chinook salmon in their first ocean year and that the transmitters Should be less than 5.8% of the fish's body mass to reduce transmitter-related mortality. C1 [Hall, J. E.; Chamberlin, J.; Kagley, A. N.; Greene, C.; Fresh, K. L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Hall, JE (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM jason.hall@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 138 IS 1 BP 52 EP 57 DI 10.1577/T07-267.1 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EH UT WOS:000268500900005 ER PT J AU Benkwitt, CE Brodeur, RD Hurst, TP Daly, EA AF Benkwitt, Cassandra E. Brodeur, Richard D. Hurst, Thomas P. Daly, Elizabeth A. TI Diel Feeding Chronology, Gastric Evacuation, and Daily Food Consumption of Juvenile Chinook Salmon in Oregon Coastal Waters SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID FISH DAILY RATION; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH WALBAUM; COLUMBIA RIVER PLUME; SOCKEYE-SALMON; COHO SALMON; MEAL SIZE; PREY SELECTIVITY; BRITISH-COLUMBIA; LAKE WASHINGTON; MULTIPLE MEALS AB The diel feeding periodicity of juvenile Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha was determined from stomachs collected in coastal waters off Oregon in 2000 and 2003. Juvenile Chinook salmon exhibited a diurnal feeding pattern with morning and evening feeding periods. There were differences in the duration and magnitude of the dawn and dusk peaks between the 2 years. Gastric evacuation rates of euphausiid meals were estimated from laboratory experiments at 9.3, 10.7, and 13.9 degrees C. Based oil air exponential model, the instantaneous evacuation rates at these three temperatures were 0.0407, 0.0589, and 0.0807 per hour, respectively. The daily ration of juvenile Chinook salmon in Oregon coastal waters in 2000 and 2003 was estimated using three models. Using laboratory-derived evacuation rates, tire Elliott and Persson and Eggers models produced daily ration estimates of 2.04% and 2.57% of body weight (BW). respectively, in 2000 and 2.93% and 2.46%BW in 2003. The MAXIMS model. which does not rely oil laboratory-derived evacuation rates, produced higher estimates of daily ration (3.84% and 4.28%BW). Our diet feeding chronology, gastric evacuation rate, and daily ration estimates for juvenile Chinook salmon were comparable to those of other juvenile salmonids. C1 [Brodeur, Richard D.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Benkwitt, Cassandra E.] Bowdoin Coll, Brunswick, ME 04011 USA. [Hurst, Thomas P.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. [Daly, Elizabeth A.] Oregon State Univ, Cooperat Inst Marine Resources Studies, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Brodeur, RD (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. EM rick.brodeur@noaa.gov RI Hurst, Thomas/N-1401-2013; OI Benkwitt, Cassandra/0000-0001-6756-7958 NR 51 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 17 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 138 IS 1 BP 111 EP 120 DI 10.1577/T08-060.1 PG 10 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EH UT WOS:000268500900010 ER PT J AU Warren, DR Ernst, AG Baldigo, BP AF Warren, Dana R. Ernst, Anne G. Baldigo, Barry P. TI Influence of Spring Floods on Year-Class Strength of Fall- and Spring-Spawning Salmonids in Catskill Mountain Streams SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BROOK TROUT POPULATION; LAKE DISTRICT STREAMS; BROWN TROUT; FISH POPULATIONS; NEW-YORK; CONTRASTING POPULATIONS; SALVELINUS-FONTINALIS; ATLANTIC SALMON; RAINBOW-TROUT; HABITAT AB Climate change in northeastern North America has already led to earlier snowmelt and increases in the magnitude and frequency of large storms; associated changes are expected to intensify over the next several decades. Alterations in flooding regimes associated with climate change have the potential to negatively affect fish species with earlier fry emergence and alter the fish communities in tributary streams where fall- and spring-spawning salmonids coexist or where there may be invasion potential by a given species. This 6-year study (2002-2007) assessed the effects of the timing and magnitude of spring flood events on year-class strength in sympatric Populations of fall-spawning brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, fall-spawning brown trout Salmo trutta. and spring-spawning rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The relative abundances, of young-of-year (age-0) and age-1 fall- and spring-spawning salmonids were documented for 4 and 6 years in streams from two watersheds in the Catskill Mountains, New York. Fall-spawning age-0 fish dominated in all years except 2005. 111 spring 2005 it large flood occurred at nearly the same time of year as file 2004 snowmelt, but discharge wits nearly an order of magnitude greater. The dominant salmonid for that year-class shifted to rainbow trout, but fall-spawned age-0 trout were again dominant in the following year. These results indicate that the timing and magnitude of spring high flows can increase the relative abundance of spring-spawning age-0 salmonids, decrease the abundance of fall-spawning age-0 salmonids, or both. The overall dominance of fall-spawned fish appears to be resilient its long as displacing floods occur a few years apart. If the trend toward larger, more frequent, and earlier spring floods Continues, differential survival of age-0 fish of the three salmonid species will probably cause shifts in the dominant trout species in many Catskill Mountain streams. C1 [Warren, Dana R.] Cornell Univ, Dept Nat Resources, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Ernst, Anne G.; Baldigo, Barry P.] US Geol Survey, New York Water Sci Ctr, Troy, NY 12180 USA. RP Warren, DR (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM dana.warren@noaa.gov RI Warren, Dana/G-5600-2012 NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 17 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 138 IS 1 BP 200 EP 210 DI 10.1577/T08-046.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EH UT WOS:000268500900017 ER PT J AU Teel, DJ Baker, C Kuligowski, DR Friesen, TA Shields, B AF Teel, David J. Baker, Cyndi Kuligowski, David R. Friesen, Thomas A. Shields, Barbara TI Genetic Stock Composition of Subyearling Chinook Salmon in Seasonal Floodplain Wetlands of the Lower Willamette River, Oregon SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID BRITISH-COLUMBIA; COHO SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-KISUTCH; PACIFIC SALMON; FRASER-RIVER; JUVENILE; TRIBUTARIES; IMMIGRATION; SURVIVAL; CREEK AB We used genetic identification methods to examine the stock composition of subyearling Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha in floodplain wetland and main-stem habitats of the lower Willamette River, Oregon. Using it microsatellite DNA baseline of 13 standardized loci and 30 Columbia River basin populations, we analyzed 280 subyearlings collected in winter and sprint, 2005-2006 from wetland and main-stern river sites. Genetic stock identification analysis indicated that spring Chinook salmon originating from the Willamette River made up a substantial proportion of the samples and contributed 16-71% to sample mixtures representing the wetland habitat sites. Fall Chinook salmon from lower Columbia River sources were also present and contributed 58% of winter samples. Spring Chinook salmon from lower Columbia River populations were present in both wetland (17%) and river (16%) samples in spring 2005, and subyearlings from summer-fall-run populations in the middle and upper Columbia River contributed to spring wetland samples in 2006 (26%). The results suggest that floodplain restoration projects intended to improve fish habitats during winter and spring periods in the lower Willamette River may benefit Chinook salmon populations from the upper Willamette River, lower Columbia River, and tipper Columbia River summer-fall evolutionarily significant units. C1 [Teel, David J.; Kuligowski, David R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. [Baker, Cyndi] Ducks Unltd, Vancouver, WA 98683 USA. [Baker, Cyndi; Shields, Barbara] Oregon State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Friesen, Thomas A.] Oregon Dept Fish & Wildlife, Salem, OR 97303 USA. RP Teel, DJ (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Manchester Res Lab, POB 130, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. EM david.teel@noaa.gov NR 31 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0002-8487 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 138 IS 1 BP 211 EP 217 DI 10.1577/T08-084.1 PG 7 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EH UT WOS:000268500900018 ER PT J AU Heery, EC Berkson, J AF Heery, Eliza C. Berkson, Jim TI Systematic Errors in Length Frequency Data and their Effect on Age-Structured Stock Assessment Models and Management SO TRANSACTIONS OF THE AMERICAN FISHERIES SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID SOUTHEASTERN UNITED-STATES; MYCTEROPERCA-MICROLEPIS; REFERENCE POINTS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CATCH; FISHERIES; SIZE; GAG; VALIDATION; STRATEGIES AB Length frequency data are a central component of many statistical age-structured models, which are used widely to conduct fisheries stock assessments and produce estimates of stock status for management. However, these data can be biased due to systematic errors during the sampling process. This study examined how bias in length frequency data affected stock status estimates from an age-structured assessment model and subsequent prescribed management actions. A simulation approach was used to test the effect of two different scenarios of bias on assessment results. Populations were simulated based on life history parameters for three different serranid species in the southeastern United States and followed a trajectory that increased and then decreased over time. From these simulated populations, fishery-dependent length frequency data were generated and then altered to represent different types of systematic sampling error. Data that were biased towards larger fish had a considerable effect on the age-structured assessment model. producing more-optimistic estimates of stock status, which tended to support management actions that would not adequately protect stocks from overfishing. This may be particularly problematic for longer-lived species and for stocks, that have been depleted well below their original population size. Stock status estimates were much less affected by data that contained a higher frequency of small fish, although this type of biased length frequency information could support unnecessarily stringent management actions in the most extreme cases. The results of this study suggest that error and possible bias in length frequency data should be thoroughly considered when selecting an appropriate modeling approach for fisheries stock assessment. C1 [Berkson, Jim] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Recruiting Training & Res Unit, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. [Heery, Eliza C.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife Sci, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Berkson, J (reprint author), Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Recruiting Training & Res Unit, 114 Cheatham Hall, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. EM jberkson@vt.edu NR 67 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 2 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0002-8487 EI 1548-8659 J9 T AM FISH SOC JI Trans. Am. Fish. Soc. PD JAN PY 2009 VL 138 IS 1 BP 218 EP 232 DI 10.1577/T07-226.1 PG 15 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477EH UT WOS:000268500900019 ER PT S AU Onuma, TA Makino, K Ban, M Ando, H Fukuwaka, MA Azumaya, T Swanson, P Urano, A AF Onuma, Takeshi A. Makino, Keita Ban, Masatoshi Ando, Hironori Fukuwaka, Masa-aki Azumaya, Tomonori Swanson, Penny Urano, Akihisa BE Vaudry, H Roubos, EW Coast, GM Vallarino, M TI Elevation of the Plasma Level of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I with Reproductive Maturation prior to Initiation of Spawning Migration of Chum Salmon SO TRENDS IN COMPARATIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY AND NEUROBIOLOGY SE ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Trends in Comparative Endocrinology and Neurobiology CY SEP 02-06, 2008 CL Genoa, ITALY DE salmon; migration; IGF-I; pituitary-gonadal axis; hormone; mRNA; reproduction AB When, where, and how oceanic churn salmon initiate spawning migration is unknown although gonadal development and elevation of the activity of the pituitary-gonadal axis (PG-axis) are essential. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is a somatotropic signal that interacts with the PG-axis for gametogenesis. We thus examined the plasma level of IGF-I in immature and maturing chum salmon in the Bering Sea and the Gulf of Alaska. The maturing adults which had maturing gonads left the Bering Sea for the natal river by the end of summer, because almost all fish were immature in September. The plasma level of IGF-I and corresponding body size in the maturing adults were two- to threefold that of immature fish. The plasma IGF-I level correlated positively with the pituitary contents of follicle-stimulating hormone and the plasma levels of 11-ketotestosterone and estradiol-17 beta. Therefore, the plasma level of IGF-I increased with elevation of the PG-axis activity prior to the initiation of spawning migration from the Bering Sea. Circulatory IGF-I from visceral organs may inform the status of body growth to the PG-axis for gonadal development that is inseparable from decision of chum salmon whether to initiate homing behavior from the Bering Sea or not to initiate spawning migration by the coming spawning season. C1 [Onuma, Takeshi A.; Ando, Hironori] Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Bioresource & Bioenvironm Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. [Onuma, Takeshi A.; Makino, Keita; Urano, Akihisa] Hokkaido Univ, Grad Sch Life Sci, Sect Biol Sci, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Ban, Masatoshi] Fisheries Res Agcy, Natl Salmon Resources Ctr, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [Fukuwaka, Masa-aki; Azumaya, Tomonori] Fisheries Res Agcy, Hokkaido Natl Fisheries Res Inst, Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan. [Swanson, Penny] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA USA. RP Onuma, TA (reprint author), Kyushu Univ, Grad Sch Bioresource & Bioenvironm Sci, Fukuoka 8128581, Japan. EM takeshikiai@msn.com NR 4 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 3 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXEN, ENGLAND SN 0077-8923 BN 978-1-57331-671-2 J9 ANN NY ACAD SCI JI Ann.NY Acad.Sci. PY 2009 VL 1163 BP 497 EP 500 DI 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03668.x PG 4 WC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Endocrinology & Metabolism; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJJ61 UT WOS:000266493400075 PM 19456398 ER PT S AU Terrill, J George, W Griffin, T Hagedorn, J Kelso, J Olano, M Peskin, A Satterfield, S Sims, J Bullard, J Dunkers, J Martys, N O'Gallagher, A Haemer, G AF Terrill, Judith George, William Griffin, Terence Hagedorn, John Kelso, John Olano, Marc Peskin, Adele Satterfield, Steven Sims, James Bullard, Jeffrey Dunkers, Joy Martys, Nicos O'Gallagher, Agnes Haemer, Gillian BE ZudilovaSeinstra, E Adriaansen, T VanLiere, R TI Extending Measurement Science to Interactive Visualization Environments SO TRENDS IN INTERACTIVE VISUALIZATION: STATE-OF-THE-ART SURVEY SE Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Measurement; Metrology; Visualization; Immersive visualization AB We describe three classes of tools to turn visualizations into a visual laboratory to interactively measure and analyze scientific data. We move the normal activities that scientists perform to understand their data into the visualization environment, which becomes our virtual laboratory, combining the qualitative with the quantitative. We use representation, interactive selection, quantification, and display to add quantitative measurement methods, input tools, and output tools. These allow us to obtain numerical information from each visualization. The exact form that the tools take within each of our three categories depends on features present in the data, hence each is manifested differently in different situations. We illustrate the three approaches with a variety of case studies from immersive to desktop environments that demonstrate the methods used to obtain quantitative knowledge interactively from visual objects. C1 [Terrill, Judith; George, William; Griffin, Terence; Hagedorn, John; Kelso, John; Olano, Marc; Peskin, Adele; Satterfield, Steven; Sims, James; Bullard, Jeffrey; Dunkers, Joy; Martys, Nicos; O'Gallagher, Agnes; Haemer, Gillian] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Terrill, J (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM judith.terrill@nist.gov; william.george@nist.gov; terrence.griffin@nist.gov; john.hagedorn@nist.gov; john.kelso@nist.gov; marc.olano@nist.gov; adele.peskin@nist.gov; steve.satterfield@nist.gov; james.sims@nist.gov; jeffrey.bullard@nist.gov; joy.dunkers@nist.gov; nicos.martys@nist.go; abbie.ogallagher@nist.gov; gillian.haemer@nist.gov NR 26 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1610-3947 BN 978-1-84800-268-5 J9 ADV INFORM KNOWL PRO PY 2009 BP 287 EP 302 DI 10.1007/978-1-84800-269-2_13 PG 16 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJS79 UT WOS:000267113100013 ER PT S AU Cai, Y Stumpf, R Tomlinson, M Wynne, T Chung, SH Boutonnier, X AF Cai, Yang Stumpf, Richard Tomlinson, Michelle Wynne, Timothy Chung, Sai Ho Boutonnier, Xavier BE ZudilovaSeinstra, E Adriaansen, T VanLiere, R TI Interactive Spatiotemporal Reasoning SO TRENDS IN INTERACTIVE VISUALIZATION: STATE-OF-THE-ART SURVEY SE Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing LA English DT Article; Book Chapter DE Pattern recognition; Image processing; Data mining ID CELLULAR-AUTOMATA; BIOLOGICAL MOTION; PERCEPTION; COMPLEXITY AB Spatiotemporal reasoning involves pattern recognition in space and time. It is a complex process that has been dominated by manual analytics. In this chapter, we explore the new method that combines computer vision, multi-physics simulation and human-computer interaction. The objective is to bridge the gap among the three with visual transformation algorithms for mapping the data from an abstract space to an intuitive one, which includes shape correlation, periodicity, cellular shape dynamics, and spatial Bayesian machine learning. We tested this approach with the case studies of tracking and predicting oceanographic objects. In testing, with 2,384 satellite image samples from SeaWiFS, we found that the interactive visualization increases robustness in object tracking and positive detection accuracy in object prediction. We also found that the interactive method enables the user to process the image data at less than 1 min per image versus 30 min per image manually. As a result, our test system can handle at least ten times more data sets than traditional manual analysis. The results also suggest that minimal human interactions with appropriate computational transformations or cues may significantly increase the overall productivity. C1 [Cai, Yang; Chung, Sai Ho; Boutonnier, Xavier] Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. [Stumpf, Richard; Tomlinson, Michelle; Wynne, Timothy] NOAA, Washington, DC 20230 USA. RP Cai, Y (reprint author), Carnegie Mellon Univ, Pittsburgh, PA 15213 USA. EM ycai@cmu.edu; richard.stumpf@noaa.gov; michelle.tomlinson@noaa.gov; timothy.wynne@noaa.gov; saic@andrew.cmu.edu; xab@cmu.edu NR 27 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG LONDON LTD PI GODALMING PA SWEETAPPLE HOUSE CATTESHALL RD FARNCOMBE, GODALMING GU7 1NH, SURREY, ENGLAND SN 1610-3947 BN 978-1-84800-268-5 J9 ADV INFORM KNOWL PRO PY 2009 BP 303 EP 319 DI 10.1007/978-1-84800-269-2_14 PG 17 WC Computer Science, Information Systems; Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Computer Science; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA BJS79 UT WOS:000267113100014 ER PT B AU Lasseigne, AN McColskey, JD Koenig, K Jackson, JE Olson, DL Mishra, B King, RH AF Lasseigne, A. N. McColskey, J. D. Koenig, K. Jackson, J. E. Olson, D. L. Mishra, B. King, R. H. BE David, SA DebRoy, T DuPont, JN Koseki, T Smartt, HB TI Advanced Non-Contact Diffusible Hydrogen Sensors for Steel Weldments SO TRENDS IN WELDING RESEARCH LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 8th Interntional Conference on Trends in Welding Research CY JUN 01-06, 2008 CL Pine Mountain, GA SP ASTM Int, Japan Welding Soc, Assoc Iron & Steel Technol, Welding Inst, Amer Welding Soc AB New higher strength pipeline steels (X100 and X120) exhibit lower tolerance for hydrogen (diffusible and formed hydrides) before significant degradation or failure occurs. It is essential to have advanced sensors to monitor the hydrogen content and accumulation in the pipeline steel and steel weldments. Advanced low frequency induced current measurements have been utilized for in-situ monitoring of hydrogen content in pipelines. Low frequency induced current laboratory and infield results are presented. C1 [Lasseigne, A. N.; McColskey, J. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Lasseigne, AN (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. EM alasseig@boulder.nist.gov; mccolske@boulder.nist.gov; kkoenig@mines.edu; joshjack@mines.edu; dolson@mines.edu; bmishra@mines.edu; rking@mines.edu NR 9 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASM INTERNATIONAL PI MATERIALS PARK PA 9503 KINSMAN RD, MATERIALS PARK, OH 44073 USA BN 978-1-61503-002-6 PY 2009 BP 424 EP 429 DI 10.1361/cp2008twr424 PG 6 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA BTU97 UT WOS:000288153100065 ER PT B AU Hofmann, DJ AF Hofmann, David J. BE Zerefos, C Contopoulos, G Skalkeas, G TI International Balloon Measurements for Ozone Research SO TWENTY YEARS OF OZONE DECLINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium for the 20th Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol 2007 CY SEP, 2007 CL Athens, GREECE SP United Nat Environm Programme, Int Ozone Commiss, Acad Athens, Mariolopoulos Kanaginis Fdn DE Antarctic; balloons; ozone; ozonesondes; stratosphere ID STRATOSPHERIC OZONE; ARCTIC WINTER; DEPLETION; HALOCARBONS AB Balloon-borne instruments, in particular ozonesondes, have played a unique role in stratospheric ozone research, especially in ozone depletion. Balloons are able to probe the region of ozone depletion in the stratosphere and thus make measurements with in situ instruments, observing both ozone and ozone-depleting chemicals. Measurements using balloons have been important for verifying stratospheric ozone chemistry and in understanding the nature of other atmospheric constituents necessary for the occurrence of ozone depletion, for example, stratospheric aerosol particles in the form of nitric and sulfuric acid and water-ice. The list of accomplishments in ozone research by balloons is long. For example, observation of the buildup and decline of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the stratosphere, observations that near total ozone destruction occurred in Antarctica in a limited region around 12-20 km, multinational ozonesonde networks verifying the vertical extent of ozone depletion in Antarctica and ozone depletion chemistry in the Arctic, and large balloon campaigns verifying ozone chemistry in Situ. This work summarizes the most important of these many contributions. C1 Earth Syst Res Lab Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. RP Hofmann, DJ (reprint author), Earth Syst Res Lab Boulder, Boulder, CO USA. EM David.J.Hofmann@noaa.gov NR 20 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-2468-8 PY 2009 BP 157 EP 172 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2469-5_11 PG 16 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BKP72 UT WOS:000268885100011 ER PT B AU Ravishankara, A AF Ravishankara, Akkihebbal BE Zerefos, C Contopoulos, G Skalkeas, G TI Findings from the 2006 Ozone Scientific Assessment for the Montreal Protocol SO TWENTY YEARS OF OZONE DECLINE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Symposium for the 20th Anniversary of the Montreal Protocol 2007 CY SEP, 2007 CL Athens, GREECE SP United Nat Environm Programme, Int Ozone Commiss, Acad Athens, Mariolopoulos-Kanaginis Fdn DE Montreal Protocol; ozone-depleting substances; ozone trends; ozone assessment; stratospheric ozone layer AB The 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer called for global action to reduce the use of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons. In addition, it requested periodic expert assessments of, among other things, the available scientific information related to the Earth's stratospheric ozone layer. Since 1987, the Parties have used the scientific assessment information as part of the basis for their decisions to amend or adjust the Montreal Protocol to strengthen its protection of the ozone layer. Observations now show that ozone-depleting Substances in the lower atmosphere as well as in the stratosphere are decreasing, and the ozone layer is showing some early signs of recovery. A member of the 2006 Assessment Scientific Steering Committee, Dr. Ravishankara will discuss the findings of the Cut-rent Science assessment, whose preparation involved more than 300 scientists front 34 countries as lead authors, co-authors, contributors, and reviewers. C1 NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. RP Ravishankara, A (reprint author), NOAA, Boulder, CO USA. EM A.R.Rivishankara@noaa.gov RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES BN 978-90-481-2468-8 PY 2009 BP 387 EP 391 DI 10.1007/978-90-481-2469-5_29 PG 5 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BKP72 UT WOS:000268885100029 ER PT S AU Cundiff, ST Lorenz, VO Carter, SG Chen, Z Mukamel, S Zhuang, W AF Cundiff, S. T. Lorenz, V. O. Carter, S. G. Chen, Z. Mukamel, S. Zhuang, W. BA Schoenlein, RW BF Schoenlein, RW BE Corkum, P DeSilvestri, S Nelson, KA Riedle, E TI Three-Pulse Echo Peak Shift Spectroscopy of Disordered Semiconductor Quantum Wells and Dense Atomic Vapors SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XVI SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL European Phys Soc, Stresa, ITALY HO European Phys Soc AB Three-pulse echo peak shift spectroscopy yields the correlation function of the frequency fluctuations due to acoustic phonons for excitons in disordered semiconductor quantum wells and fluctuations clue to atomic motion in a potassium vapor. C1 [Cundiff, S. T.; Lorenz, V. O.; Carter, S. G.; Chen, Z.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mukamel, S.; Zhuang, W.] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. RP Cundiff, ST (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu; smukamel@uci.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Carter, Sam/G-4589-2012 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-95945-8 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2009 VL 92 BP 253 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BQY70 UT WOS:000282108000082 ER PT S AU Schibli, TR Hartl, I Yost, DC Martin, MJ Marcinkevicius, A Fermann, ME Ye, J AF Schibli, T. R. Hartl, I. Yost, D. C. Martin, M. J. Marcinkevicius, A. Fermann, M. E. Ye, J. BA Schoenlein, RW BF Schoenlein, RW BE Corkum, P DeSilvestri, S Nelson, KA Riedle, E TI High-power, mHz linewidth Yb:fiber optical frequency comb for high harmonic generation SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XVI SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL European Phys Soc, Stresa, ITALY HO European Phys Soc ID CAVITY AB We present a fully phase-stabilized, high-power Yb:fiber frequency comb with record-low sub-mHz relative linewidths. Utilizing coherent pulse-addition inside a passive optical cavity, we achieve >3 kW average power and 100 fs pulse duration for high harmonic generation at >100 MHz pulse repetition rate. On a phosphor screen we visually observe up to the 21(st) harmonic generated in Xe at 136 MHz pulse repetition rate. C1 [Schibli, T. R.; Yost, D. C.; Martin, M. J.; Ye, J.] Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Hartl, I.; Marcinkevicius, A.; Fermann, M. E.] IMRA America, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. RP Schibli, TR (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM trs@colorado.edu; ihartl@imra.com NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 4 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-95945-8 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2009 VL 92 BP 840 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BQY70 UT WOS:000282108000272 ER PT S AU Kirchner, MS Fortier, TM Braje, D Weiner, AM Hollberg, L Diddams, SA AF Kirchner, Matthew S. Fortier, Tara M. Braje, Danielle Weiner, Andy M. Hollberg, Leo Diddams, Scott A. BA Schoenlein, RW BF Schoenlein, RW BE Corkum, P DeSilvestri, S Nelson, KA Riedle, E TI Toward Ultrafast Optical Waveform Synthesis with a Stabilized Ti:Sapphire Frequency Comb SO ULTRAFAST PHENOMENA XVI SE Springer Series in Chemical Physics LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 16th International Conference on Ultrafast Phenomena CY JUN 09-13, 2008 CL European Phys Soc, Stresa, ITALY HO European Phys Soc AB We have developed a system For line-by-line control of a stabilized Ti:Sapphire optical frequency comb. We show individually-addressed 20 GHz comb modes around 960 nm and apply simple masks to demonstrate individual mode control. C1 [Kirchner, Matthew S.; Fortier, Tara M.; Braje, Danielle; Hollberg, Leo; Diddams, Scott A.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fortier, Tara M.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Braje, Danielle] NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Weiner, Andy M.] Purdue Univ, Elect Comp Engn, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Hollberg, Leo] Natl Inst Standards Technol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Diddams, Scott A.] Natl Inst Standards Technol, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. RP Kirchner, MS (reprint author), NIST, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM matthew.kirchner@boulder.nist.gov RI Kirchner, Matthew/F-9020-2010; Diddams, Scott/L-2819-2013 NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER-VERLAG BERLIN PI BERLIN PA HEIDELBERGER PLATZ 3, D-14197 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0172-6218 BN 978-3-540-95945-8 J9 SPRINGER SER CHEM PH PY 2009 VL 92 BP 861 EP + PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA BQY70 UT WOS:000282108000279 ER PT S AU Balakirsky, S Madhavan, R AF Balakirsky, Stephen Madhavan, Raj BE Gerhart, GR Gage, DW Shoemaker, CM TI Advancing Manufacturing Research Through Competitions SO UNMANNED SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY XI SE Proceedings of SPIE LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT Conference on Unmanned Systems Technology XI CY APR 17-17, 2009 CL Orlando, FL SP SPIE DE manufacturing; autonomous vehicles; competitions; planning; traffic management; autonomous mobility AB Competitions provide a technique for building interest and collaboration in targeted research areas. This paper will present a new competition that aims to increase collaboration amongst Universities, automation end-users, and automation manufacturers through a virtual competition. The virtual nature of the competition allows for reduced infrastructure requirements while maintaining realism in both the robotic equipment deployed and the scenarios. Details of the virtual environment as well as the competitions objectives, rules, and scoring metrics will be presented. C1 [Balakirsky, Stephen; Madhavan, Raj] NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Mfg Engn Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Balakirsky, S (reprint author), NIST, Intelligent Syst Div, Mfg Engn Lab, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 8 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPIE-INT SOC OPTICAL ENGINEERING PI BELLINGHAM PA 1000 20TH ST, PO BOX 10, BELLINGHAM, WA 98227-0010 USA SN 0277-786X BN 978-0-8194-7598-5 J9 PROC SPIE PY 2009 VL 7332 AR 73320G DI 10.1117/12.823719 PG 9 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Computer Science, Information Systems; Robotics; Optics SC Computer Science; Robotics; Optics GA BVS50 UT WOS:000292646300011 ER PT J AU Rehtanz, M Bossart, GD Doescher, B Rector, A Van Ranst, M Fair, PA Jenson, FB Ghim, SJ AF Rehtanz, Manuela Bossart, Gregory D. Doescher, Bethany Rector, Annabel Van Ranst, Marc Fair, Patricia A. Jenson, Fred B. Ghim, Shin-Je TI Bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) papillomaviruses: Vaccine antigen candidates and screening test development SO VETERINARY MICROBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Papillomavirus prevalence; TtPV vaccine; Serological screening test; Bottlenose dolphin; Tursiops truncatus ID VIRUS-LIKE PARTICLES; DISEASES; PROTEIN; PREVENTION; CETACEANS; NEOPLASIA; INFANCY; BURDEN; TYPE-1; WARTS AB Papillomavirus (PVs) have been shown as being the etiologic agents of various benign and malignant tumours in many vertebrate species. In dolphins and porpoises, a high prevalence of orogenital tumours has recently been documented With at least four distinct novel species-specific PV types detected in such lesions. Therefore, we generated the immunological reagents to establish a serological screening test to determine the prevalence of PV infection in Atlantic bottlenose dolphins [(Tursiops truncatus (Tt)]. Using the baculovirus expression system, virus-like particles (VLPs) derived from the L1 proteins of two TtPV types. TtPV1 and TtPV2, were generated. Polyclonal antibodies against TtPV VLPs were produced in rabbits and their specificity for the VLPs Was confirmed. Electron microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) studies revealed that the generated VLPs self-assembled into particles presenting conformational immunodominant epitopes. As Such, these particles are potential antigen candidates for a TtPV vaccine. Subsequently. the VLPs served as antigens in initial ELISA tests using sera From six bottlenose dolphins to investigate PV antibody presence. Three of these sera were derived front dolphins with genital tumour history and showed positive PV ELISA reactivity, while the remaining sera from lesion-free dolphins were PV antibody-negative. The results suggest that the developed screening test may serve as a potential tool for determining PV prevalence and thus for observing transmission rates in dolphin populations as the significance of PV infection in cetaceans starts to unfold. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Rehtanz, Manuela; Bossart, Gregory D.] Harbor Branch Oceanog Inst Inc, Ctr Coastal Res Marine Mammal Res & Conservat, Ft Pierce, FL 34946 USA. [Rehtanz, Manuela; Jenson, Fred B.] Univ Louisville, James Graham Brown Canc Ctr, Louisville, KY 40202 USA. [Doescher, Bethany] Sea Life Pk Dolphin Discovery, Waimanalo, HI 96795 USA. [Rector, Annabel; Van Ranst, Marc] Katholieke Univ Leuven, Rega Inst Med Res, Lab Clin & Epidemiol Virol, Louvain, Belgium. [Fair, Patricia A.] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Rehtanz, M (reprint author), NYU, Dept Basic Sci, 345 E 24th St 921 D, New York, NY 10010 USA. EM Manuela.Rehtanz@gmx.de OI Van Ranst, Marc/0000-0002-1674-4157 FU Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution (HBOI); Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate; Florida Ocean Initiatives Grant; NOAA's Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program; National Ocean Service FX This work was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship of Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institution (HBOI) to Manuela Rehtanz. Lesions from free-ranging dolphins were collected under National Marine Fisheries Service Scientific Research Permit No. 998-1678 issued to Gregory D. Bossart as part of the Bottlenose Dolphin Health and Risk Assessment (HERA) project conducted in the Indian River Lagoon, FL, USA and the estuarine waters of Charleston, SC, USA. Funding for this study was provided in part by the Florida Protect Wild Dolphins License Plate, Florida Ocean Initiatives Grant and NOAA's Fisheries Marine Mammal Health and Stranding Response Program and the National Ocean Service. Annabel Rector was supported by a postdoctoral fellowship of the Research Fund K.U. Leuven. Sincere appreciation is extended to Zoya B. Kurago, John S. Reif, Daniel Malamud. William R. Abrams and David N. Levy for their critical review of the manuscript and helpful discussions. Special thanks are also extended to A.C. Marsh and R.H. Defran for their editing assistance. We further sincerely thank Renato Lenzi. Jeff Pawloski. Tammy GoodreaLl, Andrew Scullion, Philip Browning, Alfonso Lopez and the Animal Training Staff from Sea Life Park, Waimanalo, Hawaii, for animal handling and for providing dolphin samples. NR 33 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 6 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0378-1135 J9 VET MICROBIOL JI Vet. Microbiol. PD JAN 1 PY 2009 VL 133 IS 1-2 BP 43 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.017 PG 11 WC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences SC Microbiology; Veterinary Sciences GA 382QE UT WOS:000261619700005 PM 18676105 ER PT J AU Wilson, DK Ostashev, VE Lewis, MS AF Wilson, D. Keith Ostashev, Vladimir E. Lewis, Matthew S. TI Moment-screen method for wave propagation in a refractive medium with random scattering SO WAVES IN RANDOM AND COMPLEX MEDIA LA English DT Article ID RANDOM INTERNAL WAVES; SOUND-PROPAGATION; PARABOLIC-EQUATION; TURBULENT ATMOSPHERE; OCEAN; FIELD; MODEL; FLUCTUATIONS; STATISTICS; GUIDE AB Direct numerical solution of a parabolic equation (PE) for the second moment of the sound field in a refracting medium with random scattering is described. The method determines the mean-square sound pressure without requiring generation of random realizations of the propagation medium. The second-moment matrix is factored into components that are independently propagated with a conventional PE algorithm. A moment screen is periodically applied to attenuate the coherence of the wavefield, much as phase screens are often applied in the method of random realizations. An example involving upwind and downwind propagation in the near-ground atmosphere shows that the new direct method converges to an accurate solution faster than the method of random realizations and is particularly well suited to calculations at low frequencies. C1 [Wilson, D. Keith; Lewis, Matthew S.] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Ostashev, Vladimir E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ostashev, Vladimir E.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Wilson, DK (reprint author), USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM d.keith.wilson@usace.army.mil RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 FU US Army Engineer Research and Development Center FX This research was sponsored by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center. We thank the reviewers for their insightful comments on the initial version of this article. NR 24 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-5030 J9 WAVE RANDOM COMPLEX JI Waves Random Complex Media PY 2009 VL 19 IS 3 BP 369 EP 391 AR PII 910562379 DI 10.1080/17455030802647462 PG 23 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 558NO UT WOS:000274750800001 ER PT J AU Ostashev, VE Collier, SL Wilson, DK AF Ostashev, Vladimir E. Collier, Sandra L. Wilson, D. Keith TI Transverse-longitudinal coherence function of a sound field for line-of-sight propagation in a turbulent atmosphere SO WAVES IN RANDOM AND COMPLEX MEDIA LA English DT Article ID WAVES; PLANE; PERFORMANCE; ARRAYS AB Using the narrow-angle and Markov approximations, a formula for the transverse-longitudinal coherence function of a sound field propagating in a turbulent atmosphere with temperature and wind velocity fluctuations is derived. This function, which applies to observation points that are arbitrarily located in space, generalizes the transverse coherence function (coherence when the observation points are in a plane perpendicular to the sound propagation path), which has been studied extensively. The new result is expressed in terms of the transverse coherence function and the extinction coefficient of the mean sound field. The transverse-longitudinal coherence function of a plane sound wave is then calculated and studied in detail for the Gaussian and von Karman spectra of temperature and wind velocity fluctuations. It is shown, for relatively small propagation distances, that the magnitude of the coherence function decreases in the longitudinal direction but remains almost constant in the transverse direction. On the other hand, for moderate and large propagation distances, the magnitude of the coherence decreases faster in the transverse direction than in the longitudinal. For some parameters of the problem, the coherence function has relatively large local maxima and minima as the transverse and longitudinal coordinates are varied. With small modifications, many results obtained in the paper can be applied to studies of electromagnetic wave propagation in a turbulent atmosphere. C1 [Ostashev, Vladimir E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ostashev, Vladimir E.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Collier, Sandra L.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL CI ES, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Wilson, D. Keith] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM vladimir.ostashev@noaa.gov RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 25 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD PI ABINGDON PA 4 PARK SQUARE, MILTON PARK, ABINGDON OX14 4RN, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1745-5030 J9 WAVE RANDOM COMPLEX JI Waves Random Complex Media PY 2009 VL 19 IS 4 BP 670 EP 691 DI 10.1080/17455030903038504 PG 22 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 558NQ UT WOS:000274751000006 ER PT S AU O'Neill, SM Larkin, NK Hoadley, J Mills, G Vaughan, JK Draxler, RR Rolph, G Ruminski, M Ferguson, SA AF O'Neill, Susan M. Larkin, Narasimhan (Sim) K. Hoadley, Jeanne Mills, Graham Vaughan, Joseph K. Draxler, Roland R. Rolph, Glenn Ruminski, Mark Ferguson, Sue A. BE Bytnerowicz, A Arbaugh, MJ Riebau, AR Andersen, C TI Regional Real-Time Smoke Prediction Systems SO WILDLAND FIRES AND AIR POLLUTION SE Developments in Environmental Science LA English DT Article; Book Chapter ID ATMOSPHERE-FIRE MODEL; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; FORECAST SYSTEM; DISPERSION; CHEMISTRY AB Several real-time smoke prediction systems have been developed worldwide to help land managers, farmers, and air quality regulators balance land management needs against smoke impacts. Profiled here are four systems that are currently operational for regional domains for North America and Australia, providing forecasts to a well-developed user community. The systems link fire activity data, fuels information, and consumption and emissions models, with weather forecasts and dispersion models to produce a prediction of smoke concentrations from prescribed fires, wildfires, or agricultural fires across a region. The USDA Forest Service's BlueSky system is operational for regional domains across the United States and obtains prescribed burn information and wildfire information from databases compiled by various agencies along with satellite fire detections. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) smoke prediction system is initialized with satellite fire detections and is operational across North America. Washington State University's ClearSky agricultural smoke prediction system is operational in the states of Idaho and Washington, and burn location information is input via a secure Web site by regulators in those states. The Australian Bureau of Meteorology smoke prediction system is operational for regional domains across Australia for wildfires and prescribed burning. Operational uses of these systems are emphasized as well as the approaches to evaluate their performance given the uncertainties associated with each system's subcomponents. These real-time smoke prediction systems are providing a point of interagency understanding between land managers and air regulators from which to negotiate the conflicting needs of ecological fire use while minimizing air quality health impacts. C1 [O'Neill, Susan M.] Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, Portland, OR 97232 USA. [Ferguson, Sue A.] US Forest Serv, USDA, Pacific NW Res Ctr, Pacific Wildland Fire Sci Lab, Seattle, WA 98103 USA. [Hoadley, Jeanne] US Forest Serv, USDA, Santa Fe, NM 87505 USA. [Mills, Graham] Bur Meteorol Res Ctr, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Vaughan, Joseph K.] Washington State Univ, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Lab Atmospher Res, Pullman, WA 99164 USA. [Draxler, Roland R.; Rolph, Glenn] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Ruminski, Mark] NOAA, NESDIS Satellite Anal Branch, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP O'Neill, SM (reprint author), Nat Resources Conservat Serv, USDA, 1201 NE Lloyd Blvd,Suite 1000, Portland, OR 97232 USA. EM susan.oneill@por.usda.gov; larkin@fs.fed.us; jhoadlay@fs.fed.us; g.mills@bom.gov.au; jvaughan@wsu.edu; Roland.Draxler@noaa.gov; Glenn.Rolph@noaa.gov; Mark.Ruminski@noaa.gov RI Rolph, Glenn/P-6860-2015 NR 44 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 4 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA SARA BURGERHARTSTRAAT 25, PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1474-8177 BN 978-0-08-056049-6 J9 DEV ENVIRONM SCI PY 2009 VL 8 BP 499 EP 534 DI 10.1016/S1474-8177(08)00022-3 PG 36 WC Environmental Sciences; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Forestry; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BCQ64 UT WOS:000311034800024 ER PT J AU Janjic, Z Huang, H Lu, S AF Janjic, Z. Huang, H. Lu, S. BE Perez, JC Baldasano, JM TI A Unified Atmospheric Model Suitable for Studying Transport of Mineral Aerosols From Meso to Global Scales SO WMO/GEO EXPERT MEETING ON AN INTERNATIONAL SAND AND DUST STORM WARNING SYSTEM SE IOP Conference Series-Earth and Environmental Science LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT WMO/GEO Expert Meeting on an International Sand and Dust Storm Warning System CY NOV 07-09, 2007 CL Barcelona, SPAIN SP Barcelona Supercomp Ctr, World Meteorol Org, Grp Earth Observat, Agencia Estatal Meteorol, Consejo Super Invest Cientif ID FLUX-CORRECTED TRANSPORT; STEP-MOUNTAIN COORDINATE; SCHEMES; CONVECTION; ALGORITHM AB Highlights of current dust and mineral aerosol modeling activities at the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), and projections for the future are presented. On the atmospheric modeling side, current activities are reviewed on the development of a unified nonhydrostatic atmospheric model that can be used for driving dust and aerosol models on a wide range of scales extending from meso to global. Finally, some of the outstanding problems associated with modeling of the transport of atmospheric constituents are discussed. C1 [Janjic, Z.; Huang, H.; Lu, S.] Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Janjic, Z (reprint author), Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Camp Springs, MD USA. EM Zavisa.Janjic@noaa.gov NR 22 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 0 U2 1 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1755-1307 J9 IOP C SER EARTH ENV JI IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Envir. Sci. PY 2009 VL 7 AR 012011 DI 10.1088/1755-1307/7/1/012011 PG 6 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA BPZ92 UT WOS:000280453300011 ER PT S AU Pakhomov, AG Ibey, BL Bowman, AM Andre, FM Pakhomova, ON AF Pakhomov, A. G. Ibey, B. L. Bowman, A. M. Andre, F. M. Pakhomova, O. N. BE Dossel, O Schlegel, WC TI Nanosecond-Duration Electric Pulses Open Nanometer-Size Pores in Cell Plasma Membrane SO WORLD CONGRESS ON MEDICAL PHYSICS AND BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING, VOL 25, PT 13 SE IFMBE Proceedings LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Congress of the IUPESM/World Congress on Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering CY SEP 07-12, 2009 CL Munich, GERMANY SP IUPESM, Int Org Med Phys (IOMP) DE electroporation; cell membrane; lipidic pores ID PERMEABILIZATION AB We found that ultra-short electric pulses (60 or 600 ns duration) applied to mammalian cells cause profound, dose-dependent increase of plasma membrane electrical conductance. This effect is detectable even minutes after the exposure and is explained by formation of long-lived, voltage-sensitive, inward-rectifying pores of nanometer diameter ("nanopores"). The phenomenon of nanoelectroporation and the extended lifetime of nanopores can also be demonstrated by a surge of Tl+ uptake in the presence of K+ channel blockers, as well as in CHO cells that express no endogenous voltage-gated K+ channels. Due to their long lifetime, nanopores can have significant impact on cell physiology. C1 [Pakhomov, A. G.; Bowman, A. M.; Andre, F. M.] Old Dominion Univ, Frank Reidy Res Ctr Bioelect, 830 Southampton Ave,Suite 5100, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Ibey, B. L.] Air Res Lab, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Radio Frequency Tech Radiat Branch, Brooks AFB, TX USA. [Pakhomova, O. N.] Univ Texas Hlth Sci Ctr San Antonio, Dept Biochem, San Antonio, TX USA. RP Pakhomov, AG (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Frank Reidy Res Ctr Bioelect, 830 Southampton Ave,Suite 5100, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM andrei@pakhomov.net FU National Cancer Institute [R01CA125482]; Air Force Research Laboratory; Office of Naval Research (USA); HQAF SGRS Clinical Investigation Program (Neurological Impacts of Nanosecond Electric Pulse Exposure) FX The work was supported in part by R01CA125482 from the National Cancer Institute, by Air Force Research Laboratory Fellows funding from Michael R. Murphy, by funding from the Office of Naval Research (USA), and by HQAF SGRS Clinical Investigation Program (Neurological Impacts of Nanosecond Electric Pulse Exposure). NR 4 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING STREET, NEW YORK, NY 10013, UNITED STATES SN 1680-0737 BN 978-3-642-03894-5 J9 IFMBE PROC PY 2009 VL 25 IS 13 BP 17 EP + PG 2 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Materials Science; Physics GA BQW99 UT WOS:000282043700006 ER PT J AU Chung, KH Shaw, G Pratt, JR AF Chung, Koo-Hyun Shaw, Gordon Pratt, Jon R. GP IMEKO TI ACCURATE PICOSCALE FORCES FOR INSITU CALIBRATION OF AFM SO XIX IMEKO WORLD CONGRESS: FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED METROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IMEKO World Congress CY SEP 06-12, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL DE Electrostatics; Atomic Force Microscope; Piconewton AB The force sensitivity of an atomic force microscope is calibrated directly using an in situ realization of primary electrostatic forces ranging from 320 pN to 3.3 nN with accuracy of a few percent. The absolute accuracy of a common atomic force microscope (AFM) force calibration scheme, known as the thermal noise method is evaluated via comparison to the electrostatic calibration. It is demonstrated that the thermal noise method can be applied with great success to yield force measurements with relative standard uncertainties below 5 % after application of a geometric correction factor. C1 [Chung, Koo-Hyun; Shaw, Gordon; Pratt, Jon R.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chung, KH (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jon.pratt@nist.gov NR 5 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IMEKO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 457, H-1371 5 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY BN 978-963-88410-0-1 PY 2009 BP 402 EP 405 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BNU31 UT WOS:000275561600075 ER PT J AU Song, J Low, S Zheng, A AF Song, John Low, Samuel Zheng, Alan GP IMEKO TI GEOMETRIC MEASUREMENT COMPARISONS FOR ROCKWELL DIAMOND INDENTERS SO XIX IMEKO WORLD CONGRESS: FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED METROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IMEKO World Congress CY SEP 06-12, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL DE Rockwell C hardness; diamond indenter; microform calibration ID HARDNESS; SCALE AB In the uncertainty budget of Rockwell C hardness (HRC) tests, geometric error of the Rockwell diamond indenter is a major contributor. The geometric calibration of Rockwell diamond indenters has been a key issue for Rockwell hardness standardization. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) developed a microform calibration system based on a stylus instrument for the geometric calibration of Rockwell diamond indenters. Using that system, a NIST master standard Rockwell diamond indenter No. 3581 was established in 1995, by which approximately 300 standard reference material (SRM) Rockwell hardness blocks of HRC scale were calibrated for implementation of the HRC scale in the United States. This indenter has been re-calibrated in 1997, 2005 and 2007. The calibration results have shown both high stability for the NIST standard Rockwell diamond indenter and high reproducibility for the NIST microform calibration system. After more than fifteen years of service, the stylus instrument was recently replaced by a new one. In order to test the measurement agreement between the two stylus instruments, another NIST master Rockwell diamond indenter No. 101 has been recently calibrated by the new instrument and the calibration result shows good agreement with the previous results. C1 [Song, John; Low, Samuel; Zheng, Alan] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Song, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM junfeng.song@nist.gov; samuel.low@nist.gov; alan.zheng@nist.gov NR 9 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU IMEKO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 457, H-1371 5 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY BN 978-963-88410-0-1 PY 2009 BP 972 EP 975 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BNU31 UT WOS:000275561600181 ER PT J AU Hendricks, JH Olson, DA AF Hendricks, Jay H. Olson, Douglas A. GP IMEKO TI NIST EXPERIENCE WITH NON-ROTATING FORCE-BALANCED PISTON GAUGES FOR LOW PRESSURE METROLOGY SO XIX IMEKO WORLD CONGRESS: FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED METROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IMEKO World Congress CY SEP 06-12, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL DE force balanced piston gauge; FPG; metrology; pressure; standards; vacuum; UIM; ultrasonic interferometer manometer ID MANOMETERS; STANDARDS AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Low Pressure Manometry Project maintains and operates primary standard ultrasonic interferometer manometers (UIMs) over the pressure range of 1 mPa to 360 kPa. Over the past decade a new type of customer gauge, the non-rotating force-balanced piston gauge or FPG (model 8601, DH Instruments, a Fluke Company(1)) has been introduced to the standards community that covers the range of approximate to 1 Pa of 15 000 Pa and is capable of both absolute and differential measurement modes. Since 2002, NIST customers(2) have requested that four different FPG units be compared to the NIST primary pressure manometer standards (UIMs). The results of the comparisons were that all four FPG units were within manufacturers stated uncertainty (0.008 Pa + 30 x10(-6) x P for absolute mode) when compared against the NIST UIMs at pressures between 10 Pa to 15 000 Pa (absolute mode). At pressures between 5 Pa to 10 Pa, the results were generally within manufacturer's specifications. Below 5 Pa some of the FPG units were outside of manufacturer's uncertainty specifications. The use of an isolating capacitance diaphragm gauge (CDG) was necessary during the comparisons to prevent humidified gas from the FPG from entering the NIST 160 kPa mercury UIM primary pressure standard. The results of these four different comparison tests will be discussed in detail, along with test conditions, equipment set-up, and test uncertainty analysis. C1 [Hendricks, Jay H.; Olson, Douglas A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hendricks, JH (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jay.hendricks@nist.gov NR 9 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IMEKO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 457, H-1371 5 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY BN 978-963-88410-0-1 PY 2009 BP 2077 EP 2083 PG 7 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BNU31 UT WOS:000275561600389 ER PT J AU Kessel, R Kacker, R AF Kessel, Ruediger Kacker, Raghu GP IMEKO TI CORRELATION IN UNCERTAINTY OF MEASUREMENT - A DISCUSSION OF STATE OF THE ART TECHNIQUES SO XIX IMEKO WORLD CONGRESS: FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED METROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IMEKO World Congress CY SEP 06-12, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL DE measurement uncertainty; correlation AB The Guide to the expression of uncertainty has been around for 15 years and has been widely adopted by science and industry. Over time more and more complex measurements are evaluated based on these principles. As a consequence the correlation between quantities has become an important issue in the evaluation of measurement uncertainty. In this paper we will give an overview about covariance and correlation and the different state of the art techniques to handle them during the uncertainty evaluation. We will discuss the handling of observations by extending the well known calculus for the degrees of freedom for correlated cases. Next we will discuss the difficulties and limitations in handling correlations with Monte Carlo simulations together with a practical algorithm to ensure that correlation matrixes are positive semi-definite. C1 [Kessel, Ruediger; Kacker, Raghu] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kessel, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ruediger.kessel@nist.gov NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IMEKO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 457, H-1371 5 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY BN 978-963-88410-0-1 PY 2009 BP 2352 EP 2354 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BNU31 UT WOS:000275561600448 ER PT J AU Kacker, RN Kessel, R Sommer, KD Bian, X AF Kacker, Raghu N. Kessel, Ruediger Sommer, Klaus-Dieter Bian, Xin GP IMEKO TI COMPARISON OF STATISTICAL CONSISTENCY AND METROLOGICAL CONSISTENCY SO XIX IMEKO WORLD CONGRESS: FUNDAMENTAL AND APPLIED METROLOGY, PROCEEDINGS LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 19th IMEKO World Congress CY SEP 06-12, 2009 CL Lisbon, PORTUGAL DE Birge test; Interlaboratory evaluations; metrological consistency; statistical consistency ID INTERLABORATORY EVALUATIONS AB The conventional concept of consistency in multiple evaluations of the same measurand is based on statistical error analysis. This concept is based on regarding the evaluations as realizations from sampling probability distributions of potential evaluations which might be obtained in contemplated replications. The expected values of the sampling distributions are regarded as unknown but the standard deviations are assumed to be known. The multiple evaluations are said to be statistically consistent if their dispersion agrees with the hypothesis that the sampling distributions of potential evaluations have equal expected values. As the science and technology of measurement advanced, the limitations of the statistical error analysis view of uncertainty in measurement became a hindrance to communication of scientific and technical measurements. Therefore, a new concept of uncertainty in measurement was established by the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM). In the GUM view, an evaluation and uncertainty are, respectively, measures of centrality and dispersion of a state-of-knowledge probability distribution for the measurand. Statistical consistency is not compatible with the GUM concept of uncertainty in measurement; however, metrologists continue to use it as an approximate rule of thumb because no suitable alternative has been available until recently. The concept of metrological consistency is compatible with the GUM concept of uncertainty in measurement. It is a pair-wise concept. A pair of state-of-knowledge distributions are said to be metrologically consistent if the ratio of the absolute difference between evaluations and the standard uncertainty of the difference is less than some chosen benchmark. As the concept of metrological consistency becomes more widely known and its benefits realized, it should become the dominant approach to test consistency of multiple evaluations of the same measurand. C1 [Kacker, Raghu N.; Kessel, Ruediger] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kacker, RN (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM raghu.kacker@nist.gov; ruediger.kessel@nist.gov; klaus-dieter.sommer@ptb.de; bianx@nim.ac.cn NR 6 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 1 PU IMEKO PI BUDAPEST PA PO BOX 457, H-1371 5 BUDAPEST, HUNGARY BN 978-963-88410-0-1 PY 2009 BP 2365 EP 2367 PG 3 WC Instruments & Instrumentation SC Instruments & Instrumentation GA BNU31 UT WOS:000275561600451 ER PT S AU Feist, J Pazourek, R Nagele, S Persson, E Schneider, BI Collins, LA Burgdorfer, J AF Feist, J. Pazourek, R. Nagele, S. Persson, E. Schneider, B. I. Collins, L. A. Burgdoerfer, J. BE Orel, AE Starace, AF Nikolic, D Berrah, N Gorczyca, TW Kamber, EY Tanis, JA TI Ab initio calculations of two-electron emission by attosecond pulses SO XXVI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 22-28, 2009 CL Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI SP CRYOGENIC Ltd, IOP, Kalamazoo Cty Convent & Visitors Bur, Natl Electrostat Corp, PhysMath Cent, RoentDek Handels GmbH, Taylor & Francis Grp, WIENER Corp, WMU, Dept Phys, WMU, Coll Arts & Sci, WMU, Off Vice President Res, WMU, Grad Coll, WMU, Diether H Haenicke Inst Global Educ HO Western Michigan Univ ID DIFFERENTIAL CROSS-SECTIONS; 2-PHOTON DOUBLE-IONIZATION; PHOTO-DOUBLE-IONIZATION; HIGH-HARMONIC-GENERATION; HELIUM; SINGLE; HE; PHOTOIONIZATION; LASER; COLLISIONS AB Recent experimental developments of high-intensity, short-pulse XUV light sources are enhancing our ability to study electron-electron correlations. We perform time-dependent calculations to investigate the so-called "sequential" regime ((h) over barw > 54.4 eV) in the two-photon double ionization of helium. We show that attosecond pulses allow to not only probe but also to induce angular and energy correlations of the emitted electrons. Electron correlation induced by the time correlation between emission events manifests itself in the angular distribution of the ejected electrons. The final momentum distribution reveals regions dominated by the Wannier ridge break-up scenario and by post-collision interaction. In addition, we find evidence for an interference between direct ("nonsequential") and indirect ("sequential") double photo-ionization with intermediate shake-up states, the strength of which is controlled by the pulse duration. C1 [Feist, J.; Pazourek, R.; Nagele, S.; Persson, E.; Burgdoerfer, J.] Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. [Schneider, B. I.] Natl Sci Fdn, Div Phys, Arlington, VA 22230 USA. [Schneider, B. I.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Electron & Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Collins, L. A.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Div Theoret, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Feist, J (reprint author), Vienna Univ Technol, Inst Theoret Phys, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. EM johannes.feist@tuwien.ac.at RI Nagele, Stefan/E-6938-2011; Feist, Johannes/J-7394-2012 OI Nagele, Stefan/0000-0003-1213-0294; Feist, Johannes/0000-0002-7972-0646 NR 56 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 8 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 194 AR UNSP 012010 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/194/1/012010 PG 8 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BQW80 UT WOS:000282024600010 ER PT S AU Gagnon, E Sharma, V Li, W Santra, R Ho, P Ranitovic, P Cocke, CL Murnane, MM Kapteyn, HC Sandhu, AS AF Gagnon, Etienne Sharma, Vandana Li, Wen Santra, Robin Ho, Phay Ranitovic, Predrag Cocke, C. L. Murnane, Margaret M. Kapteyn, Henry C. Sandhu, Arvinder S. BE Orel, AE Starace, AF Nikolic, D Berrah, N Gorczyca, TW Kamber, EY Tanis, JA TI Autoionization dynamics and Feshbach resonances: Femtosecond EUV study of O-2 excitation and dissociation SO XXVI INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON PHOTONIC, ELECTRONIC AND ATOMIC COLLISIONS SE Journal of Physics Conference Series LA English DT Proceedings Paper CT 26th International Conference on Photonic, Electronic and Atomic Collisions CY JUL 22-28, 2009 CL Western Michigan Univ, Kalamazoo, MI SP CRYOGENIC Ltd, IOP, Kalamazoo Cty Convent & Visitors Bur, Natl Electrostat Corp, PhysMath Cent, RoentDek Handels GmbH, Taylor & Francis Grp, WIENER Corp, WMU, Dept Phys, WMU, Coll Arts & Sci, WMU, Off Vice President Res, WMU, Grad Coll, WMU, Diether H Haenicke Inst Global Educ HO Western Michigan Univ ID SPECTROSCOPY; STATES; DECAY AB In this work, we present a time-domain study of the complex, multi-step, evolution of highly excited states of oxygen (O-2) that result from EUV photoionization. By monitoring the dissociation of molecular oxygen ions, we show that autoionization cannot occur until the internuclear separation is 30 angstrom or greater. As the ion and excited neutral atom separate, we directly observe the transformation of electronically bound states of the molecular ion into Feshbach resonances of the neutral oxygen atom. We achieve this by using laser high-harmonics in a femtosecond EUV-IR pump-probe scheme, combined with a triple coincidence reaction microscope measurement. Finally, we show control of the dissociation pathway through IR pulse induced ionization. C1 [Gagnon, Etienne; Sharma, Vandana; Li, Wen; Murnane, Margaret M.; Kapteyn, Henry C.; Sandhu, Arvinder S.] Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Santra, Robin; Ho, Phay] Argonne Natl Lab, 9700 S Cass Ave, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Ranitovic, Predrag; Cocke, C. L.] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, J R Macdonald Lab, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. [Sandhu, Arvinder S.] Univ Arizona, Dept Phys, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. RP Gagnon, E (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM sandhu@physics.arizona.edu RI Kapteyn, Henry/H-6559-2011; ranitovic, predrag/A-2282-2014 OI Kapteyn, Henry/0000-0001-8386-6317; FU NSF; U.S. Department of Energy FX We thankfully acknowledge support from the NSF and U.S. Department of Energy. NR 13 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 2 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 1742-6588 J9 J PHYS CONF SER PY 2009 VL 194 AR UNSP 012014 DI 10.1088/1742-6596/194/1/012014 PG 6 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Physics GA BQW80 UT WOS:000282024600014 ER PT J AU Wisser, D Frolking, S Douglas, EM Fekete, BM Vorosmarty, CJ Schumann, AH AF Wisser, Dominik Frolking, Steve Douglas, Ellen M. Fekete, Balazs M. Voeroesmarty, Charles J. Schumann, Andreas H. TI Global irrigation water demand: Variability and uncertainties arising from agricultural and climate data sets SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID RIVER-BASINS; VALIDATION; MANAGEMENT; AREAS; CHINA; MODEL; MAP; US AB Agricultural water use accounts for around 70% of the total water that is withdrawn from surface water and groundwater. We use a new, gridded, global-scale water balance model to estimate interannual variability in global irrigation water demand arising from climate data sets and uncertainties arising from agricultural and climate data sets. We used contemporary maps of irrigation and crop distribution, and so do not account for variability or trends in irrigation area or cropping. We used two different global maps of irrigation and two different reconstructions of daily weather 1963-2002. Simulated global irrigation water demand varied by similar to 30%, depending on irrigation map or weather data. The combined effect of irrigation map and weather data generated a global irrigation water use range of 2200 to 3800 km(3) a(-1). Weather driven variability in global irrigation was generally less than +/-300 km(3) a(-1), globally ( 20) days. The cross-phase spectra between the ACE and JULIA variations, after elimination of the propagation delay, have negligible values. Correspondingly, the time shift between IEF and EEF is less than 5 minutes at all periods. We also find that the penetration efficiency is highest during local noon, as compared with that of morning and evening hours. The coherence is lower for days with high solar flux values. We find that the penetration of electric fields into the equatorial ionosphere has no significant dependence on season and on the polarity of IMF B-z. We propose a transfer function between IEF and EEF, which was validated on synthetic as well as observed IEF data. The use of this transfer function decreases the misfit of a climatological model with the measured equatorial electric field by 27%. C1 [Manoj, C.; Maus, S.; Alken, P.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Manoj, C.; Maus, S.; Alken, P.] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO USA. [Manoj, C.] Natl Geophys Res Inst, Hyderabad 500007, Andhra Pradesh, India. [Luehr, H.] Geoforschungszentrum Potsdam, D-14473 Potsdam, Germany. RP Manoj, C (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM manoj.c.nair@noaa.gov RI Nair, Manoj/C-4813-2009 NR 28 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 23 PY 2008 VL 113 IS A12 AR A12310 DI 10.1029/2008JA013381 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 388UG UT WOS:000262044100001 ER PT J AU Avedisian, CT Cavicchi, RE McEuen, PM Zhou, XJ Hurst, WS Hodges, JT AF Avedisian, C. Thomas Cavicchi, Richard E. McEuen, Paul M. Zhou, Xinjian Hurst, Wilbur S. Hodges, Joseph T. TI High temperature electrical resistance of substrate-supported single walled carbon nanotubes SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE carbon nanotubes; electrical resistivity ID THERMAL CONDUCTANCE; PHONON-SCATTERING; RESISTIVITY; TRANSISTORS; TRANSPORT AB We report the electrical characteristics of substrate-supported metallic single walled carbon nanotubes at temperatures up to 573 K over a range of bias voltages (V-b) for zero gate voltage in air under atmospheric pressure. Our results show a monotonic increase in resistance with temperature, with an I-V-b characteristic that is linear at high temperature but nonlinear at low temperature. A theory for electrical resistance is applied to the data which shows that the transition to Ohmic behavior at high temperature is the result of optical phonon absorption rather than acoustic phonon scattering. C1 [Avedisian, C. Thomas] Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [McEuen, Paul M.; Zhou, Xinjian] Cornell Univ, Dept Phys, Ithaca, NY 14850 USA. [Cavicchi, Richard E.; Hurst, Wilbur S.; Hodges, Joseph T.] NIST, Proc Measurements Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Avedisian, CT (reprint author), Cornell Univ, Sibley Sch Mech & Aerosp Engn, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. EM cta2@cornell.edu RI Hodges, Joseph/B-4578-2009 FU New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research FX This work was supported in part by the New York State Office of Science, Technology and Academic Research (Dr. Kelvin Lee, Director). The laboratory assistance of Mr. Johannes Kutten is appreciated. The authors also thank Dr. Casey Mungle, Dr. Michael J. Tarlov, and Dr. John Suehle of NIST. NR 29 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 2 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 22 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 25 AR 252108 DI 10.1063/1.3052867 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 388GQ UT WOS:000262008700028 ER PT J AU O'Malley, KG Banks, MA AF O'Malley, Kathleen G. Banks, Michael A. TI A latitudinal cline in the Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Clock gene: evidence for selection on PolyQ length variants SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY B-BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; Clock gene; latitudinal cline; migration timing; PolyQ ID PHOTOPERIODIC TIME MEASUREMENT; DROSOPHILA-MELANOGASTER POPULATIONS; PERIOD GENE; MOUSE CLOCK; TEMPERATURE; EVOLUTION; DIFFERENTIATION; TRANSCRIPTION; POLYMORPHISM; SENSITIVITY AB A critical seasonal event for anadromous Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) is the time at which adults migrate from the ocean to breed in freshwater. We investigated whether allelic variation at the circadian rhythm genes, OtsClock1a and OtsClock1b, underlies genetic control of migration timing among 42 populations in North America. We identified eight length variants of the functionally important polyglutamine repeat motif (PolyQ) of OtsClock1b while OtsClock1a PolyQ was highly conserved. We found evidence of a latitudinal cline in average allele length and frequency of the two most common OtsClock1b alleles. The shorter 335 bp allele increases in frequency with decreasing latitude while the longer 359 bp allele increases in frequency at higher latitudes. Comparison to 13 microsatellite loci showed that 335 and 359 bp deviate significantly from neutral expectations. Furthermore, a hierarchical gene diversity analysis based on OtsClock1b PolyQ variation revealed that run timing explains 40.9 per cent of the overall genetic variance among populations. By contrast, an analysis based on 13 microsatellite loci showed that run timing explains only 13.2 per cent of the overall genetic variance. Our findings suggest that length polymorphisms in OtsClock1b PolyQ may be maintained by selection and reflect an adaptation to ecological factors correlated with latitude, such as the seasonally changing day length. C1 [O'Malley, Kathleen G.; Banks, Michael A.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, Coastal Oregon Marine Expt Stn, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP O'Malley, KG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM kathleen.omalley@noaa.gov FU California Department of Water Resources FX This research was supported by the California Department of Water Resources and the Mamie M. Markham Research grant. We are grateful to M. Ford, M. Camara and three anonymous reviewers for their comments that considerably improved the manuscript. NR 41 TC 60 Z9 60 U1 1 U2 19 PU ROYAL SOC PI LONDON PA 6-9 CARLTON HOUSE TERRACE, LONDON SW1Y 5AG, ENGLAND SN 0962-8452 J9 P ROY SOC B-BIOL SCI JI Proc. R. Soc. B-Biol. Sci. PD DEC 22 PY 2008 VL 275 IS 1653 BP 2813 EP 2821 DI 10.1098/rspb.2008.0524 PG 9 WC Biology; Ecology; Evolutionary Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Evolutionary Biology GA 368HC UT WOS:000260611200005 PM 18713722 ER PT J AU Yang, LJ Zhang, TH Bristow, AD Cundiff, ST Mukamel, S AF Yang, Lijun Zhang, Tianhao Bristow, Alan D. Cundiff, Steven T. Mukamel, Shaul TI Isolating excitonic Raman coherence in semiconductors using two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE excitons; gallium arsenide; HF calculations; III-V semiconductors; light polarisation; photon correlation spectroscopy; Raman spectra; semiconductor quantum wells ID FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY; FEMTOSECOND CORRELATION SPECTROSCOPIES; QUANTUM BEATS; OPTICAL-RESPONSE; LIGHT-HOLE; 4-WAVE-MIXING SPECTROSCOPY; HEAVY-HOLE; GAAS; NANOSTRUCTURES; EXCITATION AB We present the experimental and simulation results of two-dimensional optical coherent correlation spectroscopy signals along the phase-matching direction k(I)=-k(1)+k(2)+k(3) projected on the two-dimensional (2D) (Omega(3),Omega(2)) plane corresponding to the second and third delay periods. Overlapping Raman coherences in the conventional (Omega(3),Omega(1)) 2D projection may now be clearly resolved. The linewidths of the heavy-hole (HH) and light-hole (LH) excitonic Raman coherence peaks are obtained. Further insights on the higher-order (beyond time-dependent Hartree-Fock) correlation effects among mixed (HH and LH) two excitons can be gained by using a cocircular pulse polarization configuration. C1 [Yang, Lijun; Mukamel, Shaul] Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. [Zhang, Tianhao; Bristow, Alan D.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Tianhao; Bristow, Alan D.; Cundiff, Steven T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Zhang, Tianhao] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Yang, LJ (reprint author), Univ Calif Irvine, Dept Chem, Irvine, CA 92697 USA. EM smukamel@uci.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Bristow, Alan/F-9703-2013 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; FU Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy FX S. M. and S. T. C. gratefully acknowledge the support of the Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U.S. Department of Energy. NR 57 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 EI 1089-7690 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 21 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 23 AR 234711 DI 10.1063/1.3037217 PG 9 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 386QC UT WOS:000261896700038 PM 19102556 ER PT J AU Fischer, CF Rubin, RH Rodriguez, M AF Fischer, C. Froese Rubin, R. H. Rodriguez, M. TI Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock energy levels and transition probabilities for 3d(5) in Fe IV SO MONTHLY NOTICES OF THE ROYAL ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE atomic data; atomic processes ID IRON PROJECT; ATOMIC DATA; NEBULA; EXCITATION AB Multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock electric quadrupole (E2) and magnetic dipole (M1) transition probabilities are reported for transitions between levels of 3d(5) in [Fe IV]. The accuracy of the ab initio energy levels and the agreement in the length and velocity forms of the line strength for the E2 transitions are used as indicators of accuracy. The present E2 and M1 transition probabilities are compared with earlier Breit-Pauli results and other theories. An extensive set of transition probabilities with indicators of accuracy are reported in Appendices A and B. Recommended values of A(E2) + A(M1) are listed in Appendix C. C1 [Fischer, C. Froese] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rubin, R. H.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rubin, R. H.] Orion Enterprises, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. [Rubin, R. H.] Peking Univ, Kavli Inst Astron & Astrophys, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China. [Rodriguez, M.] Inst Nacl Astrofis Opt & Electr, Puebla 72000, Mexico. RP Fischer, CF (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM charlotte.fischer@nist.gov FU NASA [HST-AR-10973.01-A, NAS5-26555]; Mexican CONACYT [50359-F] FX Support for this publication was provided by NASA through programme number HST-AR-10973.01-A (PI RR) from the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, under NASA contract NAS5-26555. MR acknowledges support from Mexican CONACYT project 50359-F. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 1 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0035-8711 EI 1365-2966 J9 MON NOT R ASTRON SOC JI Mon. Not. Roy. Astron. Soc. PD DEC 21 PY 2008 VL 391 IS 4 BP 1828 EP 1837 DI 10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13997.x PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 382PD UT WOS:000261617000026 ER PT J AU MacTavish, CJ Ade, PAR Battistelli, ES Benton, S Bihary, R Bock, JJ Bond, JR Brevik, J Bryan, S Contaldi, CR Crill, BP Dore, O Fissel, L Golwala, SR Halpern, M Hilton, G Holmes, W Hristov, VV Irwin, K Jones, WC Kuo, CL Lange, AE Lawrie, C Martin, TG Mason, P Montroy, TE Netterfield, CB Riley, D Ruhl, JE Runyan, M Trangsrud, A Tucker, C Turner, A Viero, M Wiebe, D AF MacTavish, C. J. Ade, P. A. R. Battistelli, E. S. Benton, S. Bihary, R. Bock, J. J. Bond, J. R. Brevik, J. Bryan, S. Contaldi, C. R. Crill, B. P. Dore, O. Fissel, L. Golwala, S. R. Halpern, M. Hilton, G. Holmes, W. Hristov, V. V. Irwin, K. Jones, W. C. Kuo, C. L. Lange, A. E. Lawrie, C. Martin, T. G. Mason, P. Montroy, T. E. Netterfield, C. B. Riley, D. Ruhl, J. E. Runyan, M. Trangsrud, A. Tucker, C. Turner, A. Viero, M. Wiebe, D. TI SPIDER OPTIMIZATION: PROBING THE SYSTEMATICS OF A LARGE-SCALE B-MODE EXPERIMENT SO ASTROPHYSICAL JOURNAL LA English DT Article DE cosmic microwave background; gravitational waves; methods: data analysis; polarization ID BACKGROUND POLARIZATION MEASUREMENTS; TRANSITION-EDGE SENSORS; 2003 FLIGHT; WMAP OBSERVATIONS; POWER SPECTRUM; CMB TEMPERATURE; ANISOTROPY; BOOMERANG; MULTIPLEXER; INFLATION AB Spider is a long-duration, balloon-borne polarimeter designed to measure large-scale cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization with very high sensitivity and control of systematics. The instrument will map over half the sky with degree angular resolution in the I, Q, and U Stokes parameters in four frequency bands from 96 to 275 GHz. Spider's ultimate goal is to detect the primordial gravity-wave signal imprinted on the CMB B-mode polarization. One of the challenges in achieving this goal is the minimization of the contamination of B-modes by systematic effects. This paper explores a number of instrument systematics and observing strategies in order to optimize B-mode sensitivity. This is done by injecting realistic-amplitude, time-varying systematics into a set of simulated time streams. Tests of the impact of detector noise characteristics, pointing jitter, payload pendulations, polarization angle offsets, beam systematics, and receiver gain drifts are shown. Spider's default observing strategy is to spin continuously in azimuth, with polarization modulation achieved by either a rapidly spinning half-wave plate or a rapidly spinning gondola and a slowly stepped half-wave plate. Although the latter is more susceptible to systematics, the results shown here indicate that either mode of operation can be used by Spider. C1 [MacTavish, C. J.; Bond, J. R.; Crill, B. P.; Dore, O.] Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Ade, P. A. R.; Tucker, C.] Cardiff Univ, Sch Phys & Astron, Cardiff CF24 3AA, S Glam, Wales. [Battistelli, E. S.; Halpern, M.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Phys & Astron, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada. [Benton, S.; Netterfield, C. B.; Wiebe, D.] Univ Toronto, Dept Phys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. [Bihary, R.; Bryan, S.; Lawrie, C.; Montroy, T. E.; Riley, D.; Ruhl, J. E.] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Phys, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Brevik, J.; Holmes, W.; Jones, W. C.; Turner, A.] Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. [Bock, J. J.; Golwala, S. R.; Hristov, V. V.; Jones, W. C.; Kuo, C. L.; Lange, A. E.; Mason, P.; Runyan, M.; Trangsrud, A.] CALTECH, Dept Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Contaldi, C. R.] Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Blackett Lab, London SW7 2A, England. [Crill, B. P.; Fissel, L.; Netterfield, C. B.; Viero, M.] Univ Toronto, Dept Astron & Astrophys, Toronto, ON M5S 3H4, Canada. [Hilton, G.; Irwin, K.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Martin, T. G.] Univ Toronto, Dept Mech & Ind Engn, Toronto, ON M5S 3G8, Canada. RP MacTavish, CJ (reprint author), Univ Toronto, CITA, Toronto, ON M5S 3H8, Canada. FU Canada Foundation for Innovation FX This research used the McKenzie cluster at CITA, funded by the Canada Foundation for Innovation. Some of the results in this paper have been derived using the HEALPix package (Gorski et al. 2005), as well as the FFTW package (Frigo & Johnson 2005). We thank the anonymous referee for helpful comments and corrections. NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 0 U2 4 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0004-637X EI 1538-4357 J9 ASTROPHYS J JI Astrophys. J. PD DEC 20 PY 2008 VL 689 IS 2 BP 655 EP 665 DI 10.1086/592732 PG 11 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 376NF UT WOS:000261189600001 ER PT J AU Runov, A Angelopoulos, V Zhou, XZ Voronkov, IO Kubyshkina, MV Nakamura, R Carlson, CW Frey, HU McFadden, J Larson, D Mende, SB Glassmeier, KH Auster, U Singer, HJ AF Runov, A. Angelopoulos, V. Zhou, X. -Z. Voronkov, I. O. Kubyshkina, M. V. Nakamura, R. Carlson, C. W. Frey, H. U. McFadden, J. Larson, D. Mende, S. B. Glassmeier, K. -H. Auster, U. Singer, H. J. TI Multipoint in situ and ground-based observations during auroral intensifications SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID TAIL CURRENT DISRUPTION; SUBSTORM CURRENT WEDGE; EARTH PLASMA SHEET; BALLOONING INSTABILITY; MAGNETIC RECONNECTION; MAGNETOSPHERIC MODEL; CURRENT SIGNATURES; FLOW BURSTS; MAGNETOTAIL; ONSET AB Analysis of in situ and ground-based observations is performed to establish the precise timing of observed signatures during two successive auroral activations. The first, minor activation was interpreted as a pseudobreakup, while the second, major one was classified as a substorm. Timing of observations aboard four of the Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS) probes situated in the plasma sheet in the tail-aligned conjunction indicates initial activity at X(GSM) approximate to -15 RE. Magnetic field variations, tailward fast flows, and signatures in particle behavior observed by two THEMIS probes in the midtail plasma sheet suggest magnetic reconnection as the source of the first activation. The substorm onset, detected 6 min after the pseudobreakup, was found to be associated with the rapid decrease of the magnetic field strength, dipolarization, and increase of plasma density and pressure, i.e., signatures of the cross-tail current reduction (disruption), observed in the near-Earth plasma sheet at X(GSM) > -10 R(E). Thus, in this case, reconnection in the midtail preceded the near-Earth current reduction. A scenario based on a model of the near-Earth breakup triggered by the fast earthward flow, generated by preceding reconnection, is proposed. C1 [Runov, A.; Angelopoulos, V.; Zhou, X. -Z.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Voronkov, I. O.] Athabasca Univ, Edmonton, AB T9S 3A3, Canada. [Kubyshkina, M. V.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198504, Russia. [Nakamura, R.] Austrian Acad Sci, Space Res Inst, A-8042 Graz, Austria. [Carlson, C. W.; Frey, H. U.; McFadden, J.; Larson, D.; Mende, S. B.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Glassmeier, K. -H.; Auster, U.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RP Runov, A (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, Inst Geophys & Planetary Phys, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM arunov@igpp.ucla.edu RI Zhou, Xuzhi/D-1831-2011; Kubyshkina, Marina/G-9436-2013; Nakamura, Rumi/I-7712-2013 OI Zhou, Xuzhi/0000-0003-4953-1761; Kubyshkina, Marina/0000-0001-5897-9547; Nakamura, Rumi/0000-0002-2620-9211 FU NASA [NAS5-0299]; German Ministry for Economy and Technology; German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR) [50QP0402]; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Canadian Space Agency through e-POP FX This work was supported by NASA grant NAS5-0299 and German Ministry for Economy and Technology and the German Center for Aviation and Space (DLR), contract 50QP0402. The work of I. O. V. was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) and the Canadian Space Agency through e-POP and contracts to A. Yau and M. Connors at the University of Calgary and Athabasca University. We acknowledge J. Wild and E. Woodfield for providing all-sky images from Thykkvibaer, Iceland. We thank V. A. Sergeev, T. Nagai, A. Roux, C. Jacquey, M. Ashour-Abdalla, R. Walker, and M. El-Alaoui for fruitful discussions and B. Kerr, P. Cruce, and A. Prentice for help with the software and paper edition. Amitava Bhattacharjee thanks Aleksandre Taktakishvili and Patrick Daly for their assistance in evaluating this paper. NR 55 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 19 PY 2008 VL 113 AR A00C07 DI 10.1029/2008JA013493 PG 16 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 386MP UT WOS:000261887600002 ER PT J AU Huang, Q Qiu, Y Bao, W Green, MA Lynn, JW Gasparovic, YC Wu, T Wu, G Chen, XH AF Huang, Q. Qiu, Y. Bao, Wei Green, M. A. Lynn, J. W. Gasparovic, Y. C. Wu, T. Wu, G. Chen, X. H. TI Neutron-Diffraction Measurements of Magnetic Order and a Structural Transition in the Parent BaFe2As2 Compound of FeAs-Based High-Temperature Superconductors SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED QUATERNARY COMPOUND; PHASE-DIAGRAM; EARTH; METAL; INSTABILITY AB The recent discovery of superconductivity in (Ba,K)Fe2As2, which crystallizes in the ThCr2Si2 (122) structure as compared with the LnFeAsO (Ln is lanthanide) systems that possess the ZrCuSiAs (1111) structure, demonstrates the exciting potential of the FeAs-based materials for high-T-C superconductivity. Here we report neutron diffraction studies that show a tetragonal-to-orthorhombic distortion associated with the onset of q=(101) antiferromagnetic order in BaFe2As2, with a saturation moment 0.87(3)mu(B) per Fe that is orientated along the longer a axis of the ab planes. The simultaneous first-order structural and magnetic transition is in contrast with the separated transitions previously reported in the 1111-type materials. The orientational relation between magnetic alignment and lattice distortion supports a multiorbital nature for the magnetic order. C1 [Huang, Q.; Qiu, Y.; Green, M. A.; Lynn, J. W.; Gasparovic, Y. C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Green, M. A.; Gasparovic, Y. C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bao, Wei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wu, T.; Wu, G.; Chen, X. H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Wu, T.; Wu, G.; Chen, X. H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Bao, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wbao@lanl.gov RI Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011 OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X FU U. S. DOE-OS-BES; Natural Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006CB601001]; National Basic Research Program of China [2006CB922005] FX Work at LANL is supported by U. S. DOE-OS-BES; at USTC by the Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministry of Science and Technology of China ( 973 Project No. 2006CB601001), and by National Basic Research Program of China ( 2006CB922005). NR 34 TC 589 Z9 595 U1 13 U2 150 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 19 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 25 AR 257003 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.257003 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 386NZ UT WOS:000261891200064 PM 19113744 ER PT J AU Li, K Deng, L Hagley, EW Payne, MG Zhan, MS AF Li, Ke Deng, L. Hagley, E. W. Payne, M. G. Zhan, M. S. TI Matter-Wave Self-Imaging by Atomic Center-of-Mass Motion Induced Interference SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATE; STANDING LIGHT-WAVE; DIFFRACTION; DEFLECTION; SCATTERING; FIELD AB We demonstrate matter-wave self-imaging resulting from atomic center-of-mass motion-based interference. We show that non-negligible atomic center-of-mass motion and an instantaneous Doppler shift can drastically change the condensate momentum distribution, resulting in a periodic collapse and the recurrence of condensate diffraction probability as a function of the stationary light-field pulsing time. The observed matter-wave self-imaging is characterized by an atomic center-of-mass motion induced population amplitude interference in the presence of the light field that simultaneously minimizes all high (n >= 1) diffraction orders and maximizes the zeroth diffraction component. C1 [Li, Ke; Deng, L.; Hagley, E. W.; Payne, M. G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Li, Ke; Zhan, M. S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Wuhan Inst Phys & Math, State Key Lab Magnet Resonance Atom & Mol Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. [Li, Ke; Zhan, M. S.] Chinese Acad Sci, Ctr Cold Atom Phys, Wuhan 430071, Peoples R China. RP Li, K (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Deng, Lu/B-3997-2012; Hagley, Edward/B-4285-2012 FU National Natural Science Foundation of China FX We thank Dr. Thomas Lucatorto and Dr. Jay Vaishnav for valuable suggestions and comments. We thank Dr. Lu Baolong of WIPM for assistance. K. L and M. S. Z. acknowledge financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China. NR 21 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 19 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 25 AR 250401 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.250401 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 386NZ UT WOS:000261891200002 PM 19113682 ER PT J AU Qiu, Y Bao, W Huang, Q Yildirim, T Simmons, JM Green, MA Lynn, JW Gasparovic, YC Li, J Wu, T Wu, G Chen, XH AF Qiu, Y. Bao, Wei Huang, Q. Yildirim, T. Simmons, J. M. Green, M. A. Lynn, J. W. Gasparovic, Y. C. Li, J. Wu, T. Wu, G. Chen, X. H. TI Crystal Structure and Antiferromagnetic Order in NdFeAsO1-xFx (x=0.0 and 0.2) Superconducting Compounds from Neutron Diffraction Measurements SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LAYERED QUATERNARY COMPOUND; 43 K; EARTH; METAL; LAO1-XFXFEAS AB The transition temperature T-C approximate to 26 K of the recently discovered superconductor LaFeAsO1-xFx is extremely sensitive to the lanthanide ion, reaching 55 K for the Sm containing oxypnictides. Therefore, it is important to determine how the moment on the lanthanide affects the overall magnetism in these systems. Here we report a neutron diffraction study of the Nd oxypnictides. Long-ranged antiferromagnetic order is apparent in NdFeAsO below 1.96 K. Rietveld refinement shows that both Fe and Nd magnetic ordering are required to describe the observed data with the staggered moment 1.55(4)mu(B)/Nd and 0.9(1)mu(B)/Fe at 0.3 K. The other structural properties such as the tetragonal-orthorhombic distortion are found to be very similar to those in LaFeAsO. Neither the magnetic ordering nor the structural distortion occur in the superconducting sample NdFeAsO0.80F0.20 at any temperatures down to 1.5 K. C1 [Qiu, Y.; Huang, Q.; Yildirim, T.; Simmons, J. M.; Green, M. A.; Lynn, J. W.; Gasparovic, Y. C.; Li, J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Simmons, J. M.; Green, M. A.; Gasparovic, Y. C.; Li, J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bao, Wei] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. [Wu, T.; Wu, G.; Chen, X. H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Hefei Natl Lab Phys Sci Microscale, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. [Wu, T.; Wu, G.; Chen, X. H.] Univ Sci & Technol China, Dept Phys, Hefei 230026, Anhui, Peoples R China. RP Bao, W (reprint author), Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. EM wbao@lanl.gov RI yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009; Bao, Wei/E-9988-2011 OI Bao, Wei/0000-0002-2105-461X FU U. S. DOE-OS-BES; Natural Science Foundation of China; Ministry of Science and Technology of China [2006CB601001]; National Basic Research Program of China [2006CB922005] FX Work at LANL is supported by U. S. DOE-OS-BES, at USTC by the Natural Science Foundation of China, Ministry of Science and Technology of China ( 973 Project No. 2006CB601001), and by National Basic Research Program of China ( 2006CB922005). NR 32 TC 113 Z9 115 U1 0 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 EI 1079-7114 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 19 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 25 AR 257002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.257002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 386NZ UT WOS:000261891200063 PM 19113743 ER PT J AU Slotterback, S Toiya, M Goff, L Douglas, JF Losert, W AF Slotterback, Steven Toiya, Masahiro Goff, Leonard Douglas, Jack F. Losert, Wolfgang TI Correlation between Particle Motion and Voronoi-Cell-Shape Fluctuations during the Compaction of Granular Matter SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LIQUID; DIFFUSION; DYNAMICS AB We track particle motions in a granular material subjected to compaction using a laser scattering-based imaging method where compaction is achieved through thermal cycling. Particle displacements in this jammed fluid correlate strongly with rearrangements of the Voronoi cells defining the local environment about the particles, similar to previous observations of Rahman on cooled liquids. Our observations provide further evidence of commonalities between particle dynamics in granular matter close to jamming and supercooled liquids. C1 [Slotterback, Steven; Losert, Wolfgang] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Theoret & Computat Mat Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Slotterback, Steven; Toiya, Masahiro; Goff, Leonard; Losert, Wolfgang] Univ Maryland, IREAP, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Slotterback, S (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, IPST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM scsumd@umd.edu; jack.douglas@nist.gov; wlosert@umd.edu OI Goff, Leonard/0000-0001-7342-5155 FU NSF [CTS0457431, CTS0625890] FX We thank Krisztian Ronaszegi for assistance in data analysis. This work was supported by NSF Grants No. CTS0457431 and No. CTS0625890. NR 23 TC 40 Z9 41 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 19 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 25 AR 258001 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.258001 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 386NZ UT WOS:000261891200073 PM 19113753 ER PT J AU Psurek, T Soles, CL Page, KA Cicerone, MT Douglas, JF AF Psurek, Tatiana Soles, Christopher L. Page, Kirt A. Cicerone, Marcus T. Douglas, Jack F. TI Quantifying Changes in the High-Frequency Dynamics of Mixtures by Dielectric Spectroscopy SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID PRE-EXPONENTIAL FACTOR; ENTHALPY-ENTROPY COMPENSATION; GLASS-FORMING LIQUIDS; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENCE; ACTIVATION PARAMETERS; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; GAMMA-RELAXATION; THIN-FILM; TRANSITION AB Additives to polymeric materials can lead to appreciable changes in the rates of relaxation and reaction in these mixtures that can profoundly alter material properties and function. We develop a general theoretical framework for quantifying changes in the "high-frequency" relaxation dynamics of mixtures based on classical transition state theory, in conjunction with mathematical statements regarding the dependence of the entropy (S+) and enthalpy (E+) of activation of the high-frequency relaxation time on diluent mass fraction, x(w). Specifically, we deduce a general classification scheme for diluents based on a consideration of the sign of the differential change in S+ and E+ with x(w). Two of these classes of diluents exhibit a transition from plasticization to antiplasticization (defined specifically as a speeding up or slowing down of relaxation relative to the pure system, respectively) upon varying temperature through an "antiplasticization" temperature, T-anti. Extensive dielectric relaxation measurements on polycarbonate (PC) as a function of temperature and diluent (Aroclor) concentration are utilized to illustrate our theoretical model, and we focus particularly on the Arrhenius "beta" dielectric relaxation process of these mixtures. Many aspects of our scheme for quantifying changes in the high-frequency dynamics of mixtures are rationalized by our mixture model. In particular, we show that the dilution of PC by Aroclor is consistent with a theoretically predicted (one of the two antiplasticization mixture classes mentioned above) transition from antiplasticization to plasticization with decreasing temperature. We briefly compare our findings from dielectric measurements with those from elastic incoherent neutron scattering and dynamical-mechanical measurements, providing further evidence for the antiplasticization-to-plasticization transition phenomena that we observe in our high-frequency dielectric measurements. C1 [Psurek, Tatiana; Soles, Christopher L.; Page, Kirt A.; Cicerone, Marcus T.; Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Psurek, T (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tp@usp.org; jack.douglas@nist.gov FU National Research Council Associateship; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX K.A.P. gratefully acknowledges support from the National Research Council Associateship program. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. The authors are also grateful to C. M. Roland in the Naval Research Laboratory for the supply of Aroclor sample and to Jong Keun Park and Robert B. Moore at The University of Southern Mississippi for their dynamic mechanical measurements. The materials and equipment identified in this paper are for descriptive purposes only and do not imply endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 96 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 6 U2 24 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 18 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 50 BP 15980 EP 15990 DI 10.1021/jp8034314 PG 11 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 383CY UT WOS:000261652900004 PM 19367921 ER PT J AU Dudowicz, J Douglas, JF Freed, KF AF Dudowicz, Jacek Douglas, Jack F. Freed, Karl F. TI Self-Assembly by Mutual Association: Basic Thermodynamic Properties SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID DOUBLE-NETWORK HYDROGELS; LATTICE MODEL; LIVING POLYMERIZATION; MACROSCOPIC MATERIALS; CONDENSED COMPLEXES; DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE; PHASE-SEPARATION; WATER MIXTURES; SYSTEMS; DNA AB Many natural and synthetic self-assembly processes involve the mutual association of molecules or particles with complementary interactions (e.g., antigen-ligand binding of proteins), which in turn polymerize into larger scale structures. We develop a systematic Flory-Huggins type theory for this hierarchal assembly by combining descriptions of the mutual association of the molecular and particle species A and B and the subsequent polymerization of the A(p)B(q) complexes. In particular, basic thermodynamic properties (order parameter, concentration profiles, average cluster mass, etc.) are computed for the mutual assembly process as a function of temperature, the initial relative composition of A and B, solvent concentration, and the ratio of the stochiometric indices p and q. Calculations are performed for the single-step (i.e., without subsequent polymerization) and multistep mutual association models. The main characteristics found for these mutally associationg systems are compared to those reported previously by us for self-association. For instance, we find that the average cluster size (mass) becomes considerably enhanced at the "critical" stoichiometric volume fraction (phi(A)degrees)* = p/(p + q), consistent with the observation of a peak in the shear viscosity of mutually associating fluid mixtures exhibiting polymerization at equilibrium. C1 [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Dudowicz, Jacek; Freed, Karl F.] Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. [Douglas, Jack F.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Dudowicz, J (reprint author), Univ Chicago, James Franck Inst, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA. FU NSF [CHE-0749788]; Argonne National Laboratory; University of Chicago FX The paper is supported, in part, by NSF grant number CHE-0749788 and by the Joint Theory Institute which is funded by Argonne National Laboratory and the University of Chicago. NR 79 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 1 U2 11 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 18 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 50 BP 16193 EP 16204 DI 10.1021/jp806859w PG 12 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 383CY UT WOS:000261652900028 PM 19367924 ER PT J AU Whittaker, JM Muller, RD Roest, WR Wessel, P Smith, WHF AF Whittaker, Joanne M. Muller, R. Dietmar Roest, Walter R. Wessel, Paul Smith, Walter H. F. TI How supercontinents and superoceans affect seafloor roughness SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID AUSTRALIAN-ANTARCTIC DISCORDANCE; SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; CRUSTAL THICKNESS; SPREADING RATE; MANTLE; OCEAN; RIDGE; GRAVITY; VARIABILITY; SEAMOUNTS AB Seafloor roughness varies considerably across the world's ocean basins and is fundamental to controlling the circulation and mixing of heat in the ocean(1) and dissipating eddy kinetic energy(2). Models derived from analyses of active mid- ocean ridges suggest that ocean floor roughness depends on seafloor spreading rates(3), with rougher basement forming below a half- spreading rate threshold of 30 - 35 mm yr(-1) ( refs 4, 5), as well as on the local interaction of mid- ocean ridges with mantle plumes or coldspots(6). Here we present a global analysis of marine gravity- derived roughness, sediment thickness, seafloor isochrons and palaeo-spreading rates(7) of Cretaceous to Cenozoic ridge flanks. Our analysis reveals that, after eliminating effects related to spreading rate and sediment thickness, residual roughness anomalies of 5 - 20 m Gal remain over large swaths of ocean floor. We found that the roughness as a function of palaeo- spreading directions and isochron orientations(7) indicates that most of the observed excess roughness is not related to spreading obliquity, as this effect is restricted to relatively rare occurrences of very high obliquity angles (>45 degrees). Cretaceous Atlantic ocean floor, formed over mantle previously overlain by the Pangaea supercontinent, displays anomalously low roughness away from mantle plumes and is independent of spreading rates. We attribute this observation to a sub-Pangaean supercontinental mantle temperature anomaly(8) leading to slightly thicker than normal Late Jurassic and Cretaceous Atlantic crust(9), reduced brittle fracturing and smoother basement relief. In contrast, ocean crust formed above Pacific superswells(10), probably reflecting metasomatized lithosphere underlain by mantle at only slightly elevated temperatures(11), is not associated with basement roughness anomalies. These results highlight a fundamental difference in the nature of large- scale mantle upwellings below supercontinents and superoceans, and their impact on oceanic crustal accretion. C1 [Whittaker, Joanne M.; Muller, R. Dietmar] Univ Sydney, Earthbyte Grp, Sch Geosci, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia. [Roest, Walter R.] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, Dept Marine Geosci, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Wessel, Paul] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Dept Geol & Geophys, SOEST, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Smith, Walter H. F.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Whittaker, JM (reprint author), GETECH, Kitson House,Elmete Hall,Elmete Lane, Leeds LS8 2LJ, W Yorkshire, England. EM jw@getech.com RI Whittaker, Joanne/B-3695-2010; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Whittaker, Joanne/0000-0002-3170-3935; Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X NR 30 TC 14 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 16 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 18 PY 2008 VL 456 IS 7224 BP 938 EP U73 DI 10.1038/nature07573 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 384TY UT WOS:000261768300042 PM 19092932 ER PT J AU Sauer, HH Wilkinson, DC AF Sauer, Herbert H. Wilkinson, Daniel C. TI Global mapping of ionospheric HF/VHF radio wave absorption due to solar energetic protons SO SPACE WEATHER-THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article ID POLAR-CAP ABSORPTION AB Simple, one-parameter algorithms are applied to the observed energetic proton flux as provided by instruments aboard the GOES series of satellites to yield estimates of the high-latitude HF and VHF radio wave absorption for day and night, respectively. These results are extended to full daily coverage by treating the effects of solar illumination, geomagnetic cutoff variation, and frequency dependence over the entire earth. Validation calculations of the polar cap absorption of HF radio waves have been performed for 11 larger solar energetic particle events during the period from 1992 to 2002 and the results are compared to observations of 30 MHz riometers operated by the Air Force Geophysics Laboratory and located at Thule, Greenland. Prediction of the minimum event duration from current flux level is also obtained, and a specimen presentation of the north and south polar caps illustrates the graphical output of the model for the peak of the 6 December 2006 solar proton event. C1 [Sauer, Herbert H.; Wilkinson, Daniel C.] NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Sauer, HH (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, E-GC 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM herbert.h.sauer@noaa.gov FU Air Force Weather Agency FX We are grateful to the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center for availability of the GOES energetic particle data and to acknowledge the initial graphical display coding provided by Michael Husler of the NOAA SWPC. We also gratefully acknowledge receiving the Shellig L computation from D. Bilitza at NASA's NSSDC/SPDF and the provision of Thule 30 MHz absorption data by Kenneth Walker, compliments of the Air Force Research Laboratory, Space Weather Center of Excellence, Hanscom Air Force Base, Massachusetts. Funding for the riometers is provided by the Air Force Weather Agency. NR 14 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1542-7390 J9 SPACE WEATHER JI Space Weather PD DEC 18 PY 2008 VL 6 IS 12 AR S12002 DI 10.1029/2008SW000399 PG 9 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Astronomy & Astrophysics; Geochemistry & Geophysics; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386MX UT WOS:000261888400001 ER PT J AU Tang, L Titov, VV Wei, Y Mofjeld, HO Spillane, M Arcas, D Bernard, EN Chamberlin, C Gica, E Newman, J AF Tang, L. Titov, V. V. Wei, Y. Mofjeld, H. O. Spillane, M. Arcas, D. Bernard, E. N. Chamberlin, C. Gica, E. Newman, J. TI Tsunami forecast analysis for the May 2006 Tonga tsunami SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID TIDE-GAUGE DATA; SUMATRA-TSUNAMI; CIRCULAR ISLAND; WAVE RUNUP; PACIFIC; OCEANS; MODEL AB This study applies tsunami forecast models developed for NOAA's Tsunami Warning and Forecast System to investigate the May 2006 Tonga Tsunami. Inversion of the Deep-ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis (DART) measurements estimates a tsunami magnitude equivalent to an earthquake moment magnitude of 8.0. The DART-constrained modeling forecasts show good agreement with observations at eight coastal tide stations in Hawaii, U. S. West Coast, and Alaska, including first arrival times, wave periods, wave amplitudes, and decay during the day following the earthquake. The forecast system correctly reproduces the reflected waves from North America and the scattered waves by the bottom topography in the South Pacific, which arrived in the Hawaiian Islands 16 and 18.5 h after the earthquake, respectively. Wavelet analysis of the tsunami waves suggests that harbor and local shelf resonances may be predominantly responsible for the late occurrence of the maximum wave observed in some coastal areas. These results suggest expanding the operational use of the real-time forecast models and demonstrate the applicability of the forecast results for "all-clear'' evaluations, search and rescue operations, as well as event and postevent planning. This research highlights the value of high-resolution inundation models in real-time forecasts during a long-duration hazard for coastal communities. It also provides a rigorous and successful test of the performance and accuracy of the forecast models when run in real-time mode. C1 [Tang, L.; Titov, V. V.; Wei, Y.; Mofjeld, H. O.; Spillane, M.; Arcas, D.; Chamberlin, C.; Gica, E.; Newman, J.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bernard, E. N.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Tang, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Box 355672, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM liujuan.tang@noaa.gov RI Wei, Yong/I-3462-2015; Spillane, Michael/I-7870-2015; Newman, Jean/K-6638-2015; OI Wei, Yong/0000-0002-6908-1342; Spillane, Michael/0000-0003-0794-5675; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA [NA17RJ1232] FX The authors thank Elena Tolkova for her valuable assistance and discussions on the topic of wavelet analysis and for post data processing; Chris Meinig, Scott E. Stalin, and Gerard Fryer for providing the high-quality DART data; Marie Eble and Nazila Merati for their expertise in tide gage data; and Ryan L. Whitney for comments and editing. We also thank Alexander B. Rabinovich for his detailed and valuable suggestions. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232, contribution 1601, and PMEL contribution 3217. NR 44 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 17 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C12 AR C12015 DI 10.1029/2008JC004922 PG 12 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 386LP UT WOS:000261885000004 ER PT J AU Fagan, JA Becker, ML Chun, JH Nie, PT Bauer, BJ Simpson, JR Walker, ARH Hobbie, EK AF Fagan, Jeffrey A. Becker, Matthew L. Chun, Jaehun Nie, Pingting Bauer, Barry J. Simpson, Jeffrey R. Walker, Angela R. Hight Hobbie, Erik K. TI Centrifugal Length Separation of Carbon Nanotubes SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING; FRACTIONATION; SIZE; SOLUBILIZATION; PURIFICATION; ENRICHMENT; DIAMETER; WATER; FIELD; FLOW AB Separation of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) by length via centrifugation in a high density medium, and the characterization of both the separated fractions and the centrifugation process are presented. Significant quantities of the separated SWCNTs ranging in average length from <50 nm to similar to 2 mu m were produced, with the distribution width being coupled to the rate of the separation. Less rapid separation is shown to produce narrower distributions; these length fractions, produced using sodium deoxycholate dispersed SWCNTs, were characterized by UV-visible-near-infrared absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, Raman scattering, and atomic force microscopy. Several parameters of the separation were additionally explored: SWCNT concentration, added salt concentration, liquid density, rotor speed, surfactant concentration, and the processing temperature. The centrifugation technique is shown to support 10 mg per day scale processing and is applicable to all of the major SWCNT production methods. The cost per unit of the centrifugation-based separation is also demonstrated to be significantly less than size exclusion chromatography-based separations. C1 [Fagan, Jeffrey A.; Becker, Matthew L.; Chun, Jaehun; Nie, Pingting; Bauer, Barry J.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Simpson, Jeffrey R.; Walker, Angela R. Hight] NIST, Phys Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Fagan, JA (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Jeffrey.fagan@NIST.gov RI Hobbie, Erik/C-8269-2013; Hight Walker, Angela/C-3373-2009; OI Hight Walker, Angela/0000-0003-1385-0672; Fagan, Jeffrey/0000-0003-1483-5554 FU Nie through the NIST FX The authors gratefully acknowledge support of author Nie through the NIST summer undergraduate research program (SURF). We also thank Southwestern Nanotechnologies, Inc., NASA-JSC, and NanoPower Research Laboratories for donations of several of the SWCNT soots used as starting materials in this work. NR 29 TC 58 Z9 58 U1 1 U2 34 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 16 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 24 BP 13880 EP 13889 DI 10.1021/la801388a PG 10 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 382UU UT WOS:000261631700014 PM 19053631 ER PT J AU Chastek, TT Hudson, SD Hackley, VA AF Chastek, Thuy T. Hudson, Steven D. Hackley, Vincent A. TI Preparation and Characterization of Patchy Particles SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID SELF-ASSEMBLY PROCESS; POLYSTYRENE NANOSPHERES; COLLOIDAL PARTICLES; FLAT SURFACES; POLYELECTROLYTES; LITHOGRAPHY; ADSORPTION; COMPLEX; JANUS; MICROPARTICLES AB Anisotropic building blocks are necessary for the self-assembly of complex structures. Methods are reported here for the preparation and characterization of patchy particles. Spherical polymer particles were temporarily bound to a substrate, so that part of their surface is occluded during subsequent surface modification by adsorption of polyelectrolyte. The resulting surface-charge pattern was detected, and its size measured, by means of selective nanoparticle adsorption to this surface. Feasible (roll-to-roll) production rates and process yields are also discussed. In the limit explored here of a single small patch, self-aggregation of patchy particles was observed only at high salt concentration, conditions that suppress anisotropic interactions. Complementary particles however exhibited site-specific binding, to form various anisotropic aggregates. C1 [Chastek, Thuy T.; Hudson, Steven D.] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chastek, TT (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM thuy.chastek@nist.gov; steven.hudson@nist.gov OI Hackley, Vincent/0000-0003-4166-2724 NR 46 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 0 U2 27 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 16 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 24 BP 13897 EP 13903 DI 10.1021/la8017375 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 382UU UT WOS:000261631700016 PM 19360933 ER PT J AU Ross, D Kralj, JG AF Ross, David Kralj, Jason G. TI Simple Device for Multiplexed Electrophoretic Separations Using Gradient Elution Moving Boundary Electrophoresis with Channel Current Detection SO ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID CAPILLARY ARRAY ELECTROPHORESIS; CONTACTLESS CONDUCTIVITY DETECTION; HUMAN-GENOME-PROJECT; MICROCHIP ELECTROPHORESIS; FLUORESCENCE DETECTION; HIGH-SPEED; MULTICHANNEL MICROCHIP; MICROFLUIDIC DEVICES; ABSORPTION DETECTION; PARALLEL ANALYSIS AB A new microfluidic electrophoresis device and technique is described that is designed specifically for multiplexed, high-throughput separations. The device consists of an array of short (3 mm) capillaries connecting individual sample reservoirs to a common buffer reservoir. Each capillary in the array functions as both a separation channel and as a conductivity-based detection cell. The new technique is based upon the recently described gradient elution moving boundary electrophoresis (GEMBE) technique, which uses a combination of an electric field and buffer counterflow to achieve electrophoretic separations in short capillaries or microfluidic channels. A high voltage drives electrophoresis of the sample analytes through each separation channel. At the start of a separation, the bulk counterflow of buffer through the channel is high, and none of the analytes of interest can enter the channel. The counterflow is then gradually reduced until each analyte, in turn, is able to enter the channel where it is detected as a moving boundary or step. With very short capillaries, only one step at a time is present in each capillary, and the electric current through the channels can then be used as the detector signal, without any extra detector hardware. The current vs time signal for each channel is then smoothed and differentiated to produce a set of simultaneous electropherograms. Because there is no light source or other added hardware required for detection, the system is simple and can be easily and inexpensively scaled up to perform large numbers of simultaneous analyses. As a first demonstration, a 16-channel array device is used for high-throughput, time-series measurements of enzyme activity and inhibition. C1 [Ross, David; Kralj, Jason G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ross, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 53 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0003-2700 J9 ANAL CHEM JI Anal. Chem. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 24 BP 9467 EP 9474 DI 10.1021/ac801597e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Analytical SC Chemistry GA 384FE UT WOS:000261728900012 PM 19007187 ER PT J AU Todorova, NA Schwarz, FP AF Todorova, Niya A. Schwarz, Frederick P. TI Effect of the phosphate substrate on drug-inhibitor binding to human purine nucleoside phosphorylase SO ARCHIVES OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND BIOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Binding thermodynamics; Drug-inhibitors; Enzyme activity; Gel filtration; Isothermal titration calorimetry; Light scattering; Purine nucleoside phosphorylase ID CRYSTAL-STRUCTURE; CALF SPLEEN; HUMAN PNP; KINETIC MECHANISM; ENZYME; 7-METHYLGUANOSINE; RESOLUTION; ACYCLOVIR; COMPLEX; DESIGN AB The thermodynamics of the drug-inhibitors acyclovir, ganciclovir, and 9-benzylguanine binding to human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (hsPNP) were determined from isothermal titration calorimetry as a function of the substrate phosphate ion (Pi) concentration from 0 to 0.125 M and temperature from 15 degrees C to 35 degrees C. At 25 degrees C and with an increase in the Pi concentration from 0 to 50 mM, acyclovir binding becomes more entropically-driven and ganciclovir binding becomes more enthalpically-driven. At 25 degrees C, the tighter 9-benzylguanine binding reaction goes from anenthalpically-driven reaction in the absence of Pi to an entropically-driven reaction at 10 mM Pi, and the enthalpically-driven nature of the binding reaction is restored at 75 mM Pi. Since the dependencies of the driving-nature of the binding reactions on Pi concentration can be simulated by Pi binding to its catalytic site, it is believed that bound Pi affects the interactions of the side-chains with the ribose catalytic site. However, the binding constants are unaffected by change in the bound Pi concentration because of enthalpy-entropy compensation. The enzymatic activity of hsPNP was determined by an ITC-based assay employing 7-methylguanosine and Pi as the substrates. The heat of reaction determined from the assay increased by 7.5 kJ mol(-1) with increase in Pi concentration from 50 to 100 mM and is attributed to weak binding of the Pi to a secondary regulatory site. Although the binding constants of acyclovir and ganciclovir at 20 mu M hsPNP were in agreement with the inverse inhibition constants determined from the ITC enzyme inhibition assays at 60 nM, the binding constant of 9-benzylguanine, which interacts with Phe159 from an adjacent subunit, decreased from 5.62 x 10(5) M-1 to 1.14 x 10(5) M-1. This reduction in the 9-benzylguanine binding affinity along with a 7-fold increase in the specific activity of hsPNP at 14.5 nM results from partial dissociation of the hsPNP trimer into monomers below the 60 nM level. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Todorova, Niya A.; Schwarz, Frederick P.] NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Schwarz, FP (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM fred@carb.nist.gov FU NIST; CSTL; Exploratory Research Proposal; Enabling Robust Computational Screening Tools for the Pharmaceutical Industry; University of Maryland Molecular Cell Biology Program for Niya Todorova FX Part of this research has been supported by the NIST CSTL Exploratory Research Proposal entitled "Enabling Robust Computational Screening Tools for the Pharmaceutical Industry". This research is also in partial fulfillment of the PhD requirements from the University of Maryland Molecular Cell Biology Program for Niya Todorova. Certain commercial materials, instruments, and equipment are identified in this manuscript in order to specify the experimental procedure as completely as possible. In no case does such identification imply a recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the materials, instruments, or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 27 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0003-9861 J9 ARCH BIOCHEM BIOPHYS JI Arch. Biochem. Biophys. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 480 IS 2 BP 122 EP 131 DI 10.1016/j.abb.2008.10.008 PG 10 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics GA 375OG UT WOS:000261122600006 PM 18938130 ER PT J AU Pease, LF Elliott, JT Tsai, DH Zachariah, MR Tarlov, MJ AF Pease, Leonard F., III Elliott, John T. Tsai, De-Hao Zachariah, Michael R. Tarlov, Michael J. TI Determination of Protein Aggregation With Differential Mobility Analysis: Application to IgG Antibody SO BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOENGINEERING LA English DT Article DE antibody aggregation; protein crystallography structure; differential mobility analysis (DMA); electrospray (ES); irreversible aggregation ID SELF-ASSOCIATING PROTEINS; STATIC LIGHT-SCATTERING; ELECTROSPRAY; IMMUNOGLOBULIN; NANOPARTICLES; ARRANGEMENT; FORMULATION; COMPLEXES AB Here we describe the use of electrospray differential mobility analysis (ES-DMA), also known a Os-phase electrophoretic mobility molecular analysis as a method for measuring low-order soluble aggregates of proteins in solution. We demonstrate proof of concept with IgG antibodies. In ES-DMA, aqueous Solutions of the antibody protein are electrosprayed and the various aerosolized species are separated according to their electrophoretic mobility using a differential mobility analyzer. In this way, complete size distributions of protein species present from 3 to 250 nm can be obtained with the current set up, including distinct peaks for IgG monomers to pentamers. The sizes of the IgG and IgG aggregates measured by DMA were found to be in good agreement with those calculated from simple models, which take the structural dimensions of IgG from protein crystallographic data. The dependence of IgG aggregation on the solution concentration and ionic strength was also examined, and the portion of aggregates containing chemically crosslinked antibodies was quantified. These results indicate that ES-DMA holds potential as as a measurement tool to study protein aggregation phenomena such as those associated with antibody reagent manufacturing and protein therapeutics. C1 [Pease, Leonard F., III; Elliott, John T.; Tsai, De-Hao; Zachariah, Michael R.; Tarlov, Michael J.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zachariah, Michael R.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Zachariah, MR (reprint author), NIST, 100 Bur Dr MS 8362, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM mrz@umd.edu; mtarlov@nist.gov RI Tsai, De-Hao/K-6702-2012 OI Tsai, De-Hao/0000-0002-2669-3007 NR 30 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 4 U2 25 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0006-3592 J9 BIOTECHNOL BIOENG JI Biotechnol. Bioeng. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 6 BP 1214 EP 1222 DI 10.1002/bit.22017 PG 9 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology GA 373DC UT WOS:000260950200011 PM 18980182 ER PT J AU Jaruga, P Kirkali, G Dizdaroglu, M AF Jaruga, Pawel Kirkali, Guedal Dizdaroglu, Miral TI Measurement of formamidopyrimidines in DNA SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Hydroxyl radical; Formamidopyrimidines; Isotope-dilution ID CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RADIATION-INDUCED DEGRADATION; RADICAL-INDUCED FORMATION; OXIDATIVELY DAMAGED DNA; BASE-EXCISION REPAIR; COLI FPG PROTEIN; IONIZING-RADIATION; AQUEOUS-SOLUTIONS; DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC-ACID; CELLULAR-DNA AB Formamidopyrimidines, 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyAde) and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua), are among major lesions in DNA generated by hydroxyl radical attack, UV radiation, or photosensitization in vitro and in vivo. FapyAde and FapyGua exist in living cells at detectable background levels and are formed by exposure of cells to DNA-damaging agents. Numerous prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA glycosylases exist for the repair of formamidopyrimidines by base excision repair pathways in cells, indicating their biological significance. Moreover, they are premutagenic lesions, albeit to different extents, revealing a possible role in disease processes. Methodologies using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) with capillary columns have been developed to accurately measure FapyAde and FapyGua in DNA in vitro and in vivo. Stable isotope-labeled analogues of these compounds have been synthesized and are commercially available to be used as internal standards for accurate quantification. GC/MS with isotope dilution provides excellent sensitivity and selectivity for positive identification and accurate quantification, and has widely been applied in the past to the measurement of formamidopyrimidines under numerous experimental conditions. This paper reports on the details of this GC/MS methodology. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Jaruga, Pawel; Dizdaroglu, Miral] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kirkali, Guedal] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Fac Med, Dept Biochem, Izmir, Turkey. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, MS 8311,Bldg 227-A243, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 75 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 1 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1601 EP 1609 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.09.019 PG 9 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 384CL UT WOS:000261721800001 PM 18926902 ER PT J AU Dizdaroglu, M Kirkali, G Jaruga, P AF Dizdaroglu, Miral Kirkali, Gueldal Jaruga, Pawel TI Formamidopyrimidines in DNA: Mechanisms of formation, repair, and biological effects SO FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Review DE DNA repair; Formamidopyrimidines; Mutagenesis; NEIL1; OH-adduct radicals; Free radicals ID BASE-EXCISION-REPAIR; OXIDATIVELY DAMAGED DNA; COLI FPG PROTEIN; CENTER-DOT-DG; UNIMOLECULAR TRANSFORMATION REACTIONS; CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS-SPECTROMETRY; RADIATION-INDUCED DEGRADATION; HOGG1 SER326CYS POLYMORPHISM; OPEN RING 7-METHYLGUANINE; ISOLATED HUMAN CHROMATIN AB Oxidatively induced damage to DNA results in a plethora of lesions comprising modified bases and sugars, DNA-protein cross-links, tandem lesions, strand breaks, and clustered lesions. Formamidopyrimidines, 4,6-diamino-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyAde) and 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-5-formamidopyrimidine (FapyGua), are among the major lesions generated in DNA by hydroxyl radical attack, UV radiation, or photosensitization under numerous in vitro and in vivo conditions. They are formed by one-electron reduction of C8-OH-adduct radicals of purines and thus have a common precursor with 8-hydroxypurines generated upon one-electron oxidation. Methodologies using mass spectrometry exist to accurately measure FapyAde and FapyGua in vitro and in vivo. Formamidopyrimidines are repaired by base excision repair. Numerous prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA glycosylases are highly specific for removal of these lesions from DNA in the first step of this repair pathway, indicating their biological importance. FapyAde and FapyGua are bypassed by DNA polymerases with the insertion of the wrong intact base opposite them, leading to mutagenesis. In mammalian cells, the mutagenicity of FapyGua exceeds that of 8-hydroxyguanine, which is thought to be the most mutagenic of the oxidatively induced lesions in DNA. The background and formation levels of the former in vitro and in vivo equal or exceed those of the latter under various conditions. FapyAde and FapyGua exist in living cells at significant background levels and are abundantly generated upon exposure to oxidative stress. Mice lacking the genes that encode specific DNA glycosylases accumulate these lesions in different organs and, in some cases, exhibit a series of pathological conditions including metabolic syndrome and cancer. Animals exposed to environmental toxins accumulate formamidopyrimidines in their organs. Here, we extensively review the mechanisms of formation, measurement, repair, and biological effects of formamidopyrimidines that have been investigated in the past 50 years. Our goal is to emphasize the importance of these neglected lesions in many biological and disease processes. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Dizdaroglu, Miral; Jaruga, Pawel] NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Kirkali, Gueldal] Dokuz Eylul Univ, Fac Med, Dept Biochem, Izmir, Turkey. RP Dizdaroglu, M (reprint author), NIST, Chem Sci & Technol Lab, Bldg 227-A243, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM miral@nist.gov RI Jaruga, Pawel/M-4378-2015 NR 189 TC 59 Z9 60 U1 0 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0891-5849 J9 FREE RADICAL BIO MED JI Free Radic. Biol. Med. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 45 IS 12 BP 1610 EP 1621 DI 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.07.004 PG 12 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Endocrinology & Metabolism GA 384CL UT WOS:000261721800002 PM 18692130 ER PT J AU Ganguly, S Samanta, A Schull, MA Shabanov, NV Milesi, C Nemani, RR Knyazikhin, Y Myneni, RB AF Ganguly, Sangram Samanta, Arindam Schull, Mitchell A. Shabanov, Nikolay V. Milesi, Cristina Nemani, Ramakrishna R. Knyazikhin, Yuri Myneni, Ranga B. TI Generating vegetation leaf area index Earth system data record from multiple sensors. Part 2: Implementation, analysis and validation SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Leaf area index; Validation; Accuracy; Climate data; Long term data record; AVHRR LAI; MODIS LAI; CYCLOPES; Spectral invariants; Recollision probability; Radiative transfer; Scaling; Single scattering albedo; Data uncertainties ID CYCLOPES GLOBAL PRODUCTS; LAND-SURFACE; PHOTOSYNTHETIC TRENDS; SPOT-VEGETATION; SATELLITE DATA; AFRICAN SAHEL; WHITE SPRUCE; LAI PRODUCTS; NDVI DATA; MODIS AB The evaluation of a new global monthly leaf area index (LAI) data set for the period July 1981 to December 2006 derived from AVHRR Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data is described. The physically based algorithm is detailed in the first of the two part series. Here, the implementation, production and evaluation of the data set are described. The data set is evaluated both by direct comparisons to ground data and indirectly through inter-comparisons with similar data sets. This indirect validation showed satisfactory agreement with existing LAI products, importantly MODIS, at a range of spatial scales, and significant correlations with key climate variables in areas where temperature and precipitation limit plant growth. The data set successfully reproduced well-documented spatio-temporal trends and inter-annual variations in vegetation activity in the northern latitudes and semi-arid tropics. Comparison with plot scale field measurements over homogeneous vegetation patches indicated a 7% underestimation when all major vegetation types are taken into account. The error in mean values obtained from distributions of AVHRR LAI and high-resolution field LAI maps for different biomes is within 0.5 LAI for six out of the ten selected sites. These validation exercises though limited by the amount of field data, and thus less than comprehensive, indicated satisfactory agreement between the LAI product and field measurements. Overall, the inter-comparison with short-term LAI data sets, evaluation of long term trends with known variations in climate variables, and validation with field measurements together build confidence in the utility of this new 26 year LAI record for long term vegetation monitoring and modeling studies. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ganguly, Sangram; Samanta, Arindam; Schull, Mitchell A.; Knyazikhin, Yuri; Myneni, Ranga B.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Shabanov, Nikolay V.] NOAA NEDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Milesi, Cristina; Nemani, Ramakrishna R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ecosyst Sci & Technol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ganguly, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, 675 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM sganguly@bu.edu RI Schull, Mitch/D-1663-2010; Samanta, Arindam/B-9550-2009; Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012 FU NASA Earth Science Enterprise FX This research was funded by NASA Earth Science Enterprise. We thank Dr. C. J. Tucker of NASA GSFC for making the GIMMS NDVI data available. NR 64 TC 52 Z9 60 U1 2 U2 33 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 EI 1879-0704 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 12 BP 4318 EP 4332 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.013 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 373AD UT WOS:000260942500011 ER PT J AU Ganguly, S Schull, MA Samanta, A Shabanov, NV Milesi, C Nemani, RR Knyazikhin, Y Myneni, RB AF Ganguly, Sangram Schull, Mitchell A. Samanta, Arindam Shabanov, Nikolay V. Milesi, Cristina Nemani, Ramakrishna R. Knyazikhin, Yuri Myneni, Ranga B. TI Generating vegetation leaf area index earth system data record from multiple sensors. Part 1: Theory SO REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Leaf area index; Spectral invariant; Recollision probability; Radiative transfer; Long-term data record; AVHRR; MODIS; Scaling; Single scattering albedo; Data uncertainties ID SPECTRAL INVARIANTS; RADIATIVE-TRANSFER; SATELLITE DATA; MODIS DATA; NDVI DATA; CANOPY; ALGORITHM; MODEL; LAI; PARAMETERIZATION AB The generation of multi-decade long Earth System Data Records (ESDRs) of Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Fraction of Photosynthetically Active Radiation absorbed by vegetation (FPAR) from remote sensing measurements of multiple sensors is key to monitoring long-term changes in vegetation due to natural and anthropogenic influences. Challenges in developing such ESDRs include problems in remote sensing science (modeling of variability in global vegetation, scaling, atmospheric correction) and sensor hardware (differences in spatial resolution, spectral bands, calibration, and information content). In this paper, we develop a physically based approach for deriving LAI and FPAR products from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) data that are of comparable quality to the Moderate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) LAI and FPAR products, thus realizing the objective of producing a long (multi-decadal) time series of these products. The approach is based on the radiative transfer theory of canopy spectral invariants which facilitates parameterization of the canopy spectral bidirectional reflectance factor (BRF). The methodology permits decoupling of the structural and radiometric components and obeys the energy conservation law. The approach is applicable to any optical sensor, however, it requires selection of sensor-specific values of configurable parameters, namely, the single scattering albedo and data uncertainty. According to the theory of spectral invariants, the single scattering albedo is a function of the spatial scale, and thus, accounts for the variation in BRF with sensor spatial resolution. Likewise, the single scattering albedo accounts for the variation in spectral BRF with sensor bandwidths. The second adjustable parameter is data uncertainty. which accounts for varying information content of the remote sensing measurements, i.e., Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI, low information content), vs. spectral BRF (higher information content). Implementation of this approach indicates good consistency in LAI values retrieved from NDVI (AVHRR-mode) and spectral BRF (MODIS-mode). Specific details of the implementation and evaluation of the derived products are detailed in the second part of this two-paper series. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Ganguly, Sangram; Schull, Mitchell A.; Samanta, Arindam; Knyazikhin, Yuri; Myneni, Ranga B.] Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Shabanov, Nikolay V.] NOAA NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Milesi, Cristina; Nemani, Ramakrishna R.] NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Ecosyst Sci & Technol Branch, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA. RP Ganguly, S (reprint author), Boston Univ, Dept Geog & Environm, 675 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM sganguly@bu.edu RI Schull, Mitch/D-1663-2010; Samanta, Arindam/B-9550-2009; ganguly, sangram/B-5108-2010; Myneni, Ranga/F-5129-2012 FU NASA Earth Science Enterprise FX This research was funded by NASA Earth Science Enterprise. We thank Dr. C. J. Tucker of NASA GSFC for making the GIMMS NDVI data available. NR 50 TC 67 Z9 75 U1 1 U2 28 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE INC PI NEW YORK PA 360 PARK AVE SOUTH, NEW YORK, NY 10010-1710 USA SN 0034-4257 J9 REMOTE SENS ENVIRON JI Remote Sens. Environ. PD DEC 15 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 12 BP 4333 EP 4343 DI 10.1016/j.rse.2008.07.014 PG 11 WC Environmental Sciences; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 373AD UT WOS:000260942500012 ER PT J AU Stearns, JA Pillsbury, NR Douglass, KO Muller, CW Zwier, TS Plusquellic, DF AF Stearns, Jaime A. Pillsbury, Nathan R. Douglass, Kevin O. Mueller, Christian W. Zwier, Timothy S. Plusquellic, David F. TI Rotationally resolved studies of S-0 and the exciton coupled S-1/S-2 origin regions of diphenylmethane and the d(12) isotopologue SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE ab initio calculations; excitons; Fourier transform spectra; isotope effects; microwave spectra; organic compounds; rotational states; transition moments; ultraviolet spectra; vibrational modes ID ELECTRONIC SPECTROSCOPY; EXCITATION-ENERGIES; MOLECULAR-STRUCTURE; CLUSTER METHOD; SPECTRUM; STATES; DIMER; STABILIZATION; SPECTROMETER; PHOTOPHYSICS AB Rotationally resolved microwave and ultraviolet spectra of jet-cooled diphenylmethane (DPM) and DPM-d(12) have been obtained in S-0, S-1, and S-2 electronic states using Fourier-transform microwave and UV laser/molecular beam spectrometers. The S-0 and S-1 states of both isotopologues have been well fit to asymmetric rotor Hamiltonians that include only Watson distortion parameters. The transition dipole moment (TDM) orientations of DPM and DPM-d(12) are perpendicular to the C-2 symmetry axes with 66(2)%:34(2)% a:c hybrid-type character, establishing the lower exciton S-1 origin as a completely delocalized, antisymmetric combination of the zero-order locally excited states of the toluene-like chromophores. In contrast, the rotational structures of the S-2 origin bands at S-1+123 cm(-1) and S-1+116 cm(-1), respectively, display b-type Q-branch transitions and lack the central a-type Q-branch features that characterize the S-1 origins, indicating TDM orientations parallel to the C-2(b) symmetry axes as anticipated for the upper exciton levels. However, rotational fits were not possible in line with expectations from previous work [N. R. Pillsbury, J. A. Stearns, C. W. Muller, T. S. Zwier, and D. F. Plusquellic, J. Chem. Phys. 129, 114301 (2008)] where the S-2 origins were found to be largely perturbed through vibronic interactions with the S-1 symmetric, antisymmetric torsional, and butterfly levels in close proximity. Predictions from a dipole-dipole coupling model and ab initio theories are shown to be in fair agreement with the observed TDM orientations and exciton splitting. The need to include out-of-ring-plane dipole coupling terms indicates that in-plane models are not sufficient to fully account for the excitonic interactions in this bichromophore. C1 [Stearns, Jaime A.] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Chim Phys Mol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. [Pillsbury, Nathan R.; Mueller, Christian W.; Zwier, Timothy S.] Purdue Univ, Dept Chem, W Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. [Douglass, Kevin O.; Plusquellic, David F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Biophys Grp, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Stearns, JA (reprint author), Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne, Lab Chim Phys Mol, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. EM david.plusquellic@nist.gov FU Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences [DE-FG02-96ER14656]; NASA [NGT56-50336]; Purdue University; Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina; Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung [BMBF-LPD 9901/8-159]; Merck Research Laboratories; National Research Council FX The Zwier laboratory contribution to this work was supported by the Department of Energy Basic Energy Sciences, Division of Chemical Sciences under Grant No. DE-FG02-96ER14656. The authors gratefully acknowledge Professor David W. Pratt and Diane M. Mitchell for help in interpreting the rotationally resolved UV spectra, Aloke Das and Talitha M. Selby for their contributions to the preliminary calculations and R2PI spectra, and Professor W. Leo Meerts for use of his GA program. J. A. S. gratefully acknowledges NASA for a Graduate Student Research Fellowship ( NGT56-50336 ) and Purdue University for a Dissertation Year Fellowship. C. W. M. thanks the "Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina" for a postdoctoral scholarship ( Grant No. BMBF-LPD 9901/8-159 of the "Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung"). N. R. P. acknowledges Purdue University and the Andrews family for a Frederick N. Andrews Fellowship that supported him during the initial phase of this work. Analysis was carried out under support by a fellowship from Merck Research Laboratories. K. O. D. wishes to acknowledge the National Research Council for postdoctoral fellowship support. NR 55 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 1 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 22 AR 224305 DI 10.1063/1.3028543 PG 13 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 383UE UT WOS:000261698300014 PM 19071914 ER PT J AU Tyagi, M Arbe, A Alvarez, F Colmenero, J Gonzalez, MA AF Tyagi, M. Arbe, A. Alvarez, F. Colmenero, J. Gonzalez, M. A. TI Short-range order and collective dynamics of poly(vinyl acetate): A combined study by neutron scattering and molecular dynamics simulations SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE glass transition; molecular dynamics method; neutron diffraction; polymer structure; polymers ID METHYL-GROUP DYNAMICS; SYNDIOTACTIC POLY(METHYL METHACRYLATE); GLASS-TRANSITION; ATACTIC POLYSTYRENE; ALPHA-RELAXATION; LIQUID ARGON; SPIN-ECHO; POLYMERS; DIFFRACTION; POLYBUTADIENE AB The structure and collective dynamics at local length scales of poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc) have been investigated by combining neutron scattering on a deuterated sample and fully atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. The experimental data have provided microscopic information at molecular level and a critical check to validate the simulated cell. In order to gain deep insight on the structure factor, we have grouped the simulation results in terms of three molecular substructures: the main chain, the carboxyl group, and the methyl group. The study of the resulting static partial structure functions has revealed the origin of the diffraction peaks, and a real-space evaluation of the characteristic radial distribution functions has allowed separating intra- and interchain contributions to the total correlation functions. The extension of this study to the dynamic structure factor has revealed a coupling between the side-group motions and the main-chain dynamics at intermolecular distances. Moreover, a decrease in coherency of the main-chain motions at intermolecular level is observed with increasing temperature, leading to a rather decoupled behavior between the main chains at 200 K above the glass transition. C1 [Tyagi, M.; Colmenero, J.] Donostia Int Phys Ctr, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. [Arbe, A.; Alvarez, F.; Colmenero, J.] CSIC, UPV EHU, Ctr Fis Mat, San Sebastian 20080, Spain. [Alvarez, F.; Colmenero, J.] Univ Basque Country, Dept Fis Mat, San Sebastian 20080, Spain. [Gonzalez, M. A.] Inst Max Von Laue Paul Langevin, F-38042 Grenoble 9, France. [Tyagi, M.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gonzalez, M. A.] Univ Zaragoza, CSIC, Inst Ciencia Mat Aragon, E-50009 Zaragoza, Spain. RP Tyagi, M (reprint author), Donostia Int Phys Ctr, Paseo Manuel Lardizabal 4, San Sebastian 20018, Spain. EM a.arbe@ehu.es RI CSIC-UPV/EHU, CFM/F-4867-2012; DONOSTIA INTERNATIONAL PHYSICS CTR., DIPC/C-3171-2014; Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/M-4693-2014; Arbe, Arantxa/G-8178-2015; Colmenero, Juan/G-8725-2015; Alvarez, Fernando/G-8836-2015; Gonzalez, Miguel/R-8330-2016 OI Tyagi, Madhu Sudan/0000-0002-4364-7176; Arbe, Arantxa/0000-0002-5137-4649; Colmenero, Juan/0000-0002-2440-4953; Alvarez, Fernando/0000-0002-7038-0315; Gonzalez, Miguel/0000-0002-3478-0215 FU European Commission [NMP3-CT-2004-502235]; Donostia International Physics Center [MAT2007-63681, IT-436-07]; Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia [CSD2006-53] FX We thank Dr. Farago for his help at IN11. This research project has been supported by the European Commission NoE SoftComp under Contract No. NMP3-CT-2004-502235, the "Donostia International Physics Center." A.A., F.A., and J.C. acknowledge support from the projects MAT2007-63681, IT-436-07 (GV), and the Spanish Ministerio de Educacion y Ciencia (Grant No. CSD2006-53). NR 54 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD DEC 14 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 22 AR 224903 DI 10.1063/1.3028210 PG 14 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 383UE UT WOS:000261698300045 PM 19071945 ER PT J AU Hoerling, M Kumar, A Eischeid, J Jha, B AF Hoerling, Martin Kumar, Arun Eischeid, Jon Jha, Bhaskar TI What is causing the variability in global mean land temperature? SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE-TEMPERATURE AB Diagnosis of climate models reveals that most of the observed variability of global mean land temperature during 1880-2007 is caused by variations in global sea surface temperatures (SSTs). Further, most of the variability in global SSTs have themselves resulted from external radiative forcing due to greenhouse gas, aerosol, solar and volcanic variations, especially on multidecadal time scales. Our results indicate that natural variations internal to the Earth's climate system have had a relatively small impact on the low frequency variations in global mean land temperature. It is therefore extremely unlikely that the recent trajectory of terrestrial warming can be overwhelmed (and become colder than normal) as a consequence of natural variability. C1 [Hoerling, Martin; Eischeid, Jon] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jha, Bhaskar] WYLE Informat Syst, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 USA. [Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predicton Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Hoerling, M (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM martin.hoerling@noaa.gov NR 18 TC 36 Z9 36 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 13 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 23 AR L23712 DI 10.1029/2008GL035984 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 383JG UT WOS:000261669300006 ER PT J AU Siscoe, G Odstrcil, D AF Siscoe, G. Odstrcil, D. TI Ways in which ICME sheaths differ from magnetosheaths SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-SPACE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID CORONAL MASS EJECTIONS; SOLAR-WIND; MAGNETIC-FIELDS; SHOCK; FLOW; MAGNETOSPHERE; EVOLUTION AB Because the material that constitutes a coronal mass ejection expands as it propagates into interplanetary space (where it is referred to as an interplanetary coronal mass ejection, ICME), its sheath differs from other heliophysical sheaths in three ways: (1) the lateral deflection of the solar wind away from the nose of an ICME is reduced; (2) the solar wind tends to pile up in front of an ICME instead of flowing around it; and (3) the ICME sheath is thinner. (We refer here to ICME sheaths that have a preceding bow shock and that therefore are analogous to other heliophysical sheaths.) These three differences are explained here by physical arguments and illustrated with an MHD simulation. C1 [Siscoe, G.] Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Odstrcil, D.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Siscoe, G (reprint author), Boston Univ, Ctr Space Phys, 725 Commonwealth Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA. EM siscoe@bu.edu FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0809307, ATM-0120950] FX The work at Boston University was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under grant ATM-0809307. Simulation results have been provided by the Community Coordinated Modeling Center at Goddard Space Flight Center through their public Runs on Request system ( http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov). The CCMC is a multiagency partnership between NASA, AFMC, AFOSR, AFRL, AFWA, NOAA, NSF, and ONR. The ENLIL-Cone Model was developed by D. Odstrcil at the Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences at the University of Colorado and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under NASA/LWS-TR&T and as part of the CISM project, which is funded by the STC Program of the National Science Foundation under agreement ATM-0120950. The BATSRUS Model was developed at the Center for Space Environment Modeling ( CSEM) at the University of Michigan under the direction of Tamas Gombosi ( see in particular Powell et al. [ 1999]). The Open GGCM code was developed at the Space Science Center, University of New Hampshire under the direction of Joachim Raeder. NR 29 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-9380 EI 2169-9402 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-SPACE JI J. Geophys. Res-Space Phys. PD DEC 13 PY 2008 VL 113 AR A00B07 DI 10.1029/2008JA013142 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 383QM UT WOS:000261688400001 ER PT J AU Sonnerup, RE Bullister, JL Warner, MJ AF Sonnerup, Rolf E. Bullister, John L. Warner, Mark J. TI Improved estimates of ventilation rate changes and CO2 uptake in the Pacific Ocean using chlorofluorocarbons and sulfur hexafluoride SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-OCEANS LA English DT Article ID MERIDIONAL OVERTURNING CIRCULATION; TRANSIT-TIME DISTRIBUTIONS; EASTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; ANTHROPOGENIC CO2; TEMPORAL-CHANGES; WATER; AGES; SEAWATER; CARBON; AIR AB Depth profiles of dissolved sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) were measured at 10 stations during the 2006 Climate Variability and Predictability (CLIVAR) Repeat Hydrography reoccupation of the 1991 World Ocean Circulation Experiment P16 section along 152 degrees W between 14 degrees S and 52 degrees N. Ventilation ages calculated from the partial pressure of SF6 (pSF(6) ages) were generally 6-10 years younger than those calculated from concurrent CFC-12 partial pressures (pCFC-12 ages). A one-dimensional parameterization of transit time distributions is utilized to demonstrate the potential of SF6, as a complement to the CFCs, to constrain the impact of mixing on the tracer-derived ages. The two-tracer approach provides an estimate of the mixing-induced tendency of pCFC-12 ages to change with time by correcting their bias to younger ages in older waters and their bias to older ages in younger waters. Model scenarios that match both the 2006 pSF6 and pCFC-12 ages predict a mixing-induced increase in pCFC-12 ages of 6-10 years between the 1991 and 2006 occupations of P16, similar to the increase in pCFC-12 ages observed. Model scenarios tuned to the pCFC-12 and pSF6 ages from 2006 are used to calculate anthropogenic CO2 along the section and yield slightly smaller anthropogenic CO2 burdens than calculated solely from the pCFC-12 ages in waters with pCFC-12 ages > 36 years in 2006. C1 [Sonnerup, Rolf E.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Bullister, John L.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Warner, Mark J.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Sonnerup, RE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Oceans, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM rolf@u.washington.edu FU NOAA global carbon cycle program; NSF [OCE-0223951, OCE-0726517]; JISAO [1449] FX We thank David Wisegarver, Wendi Ruef, Eric Wisegarver, and Laurie Juranek for their sampling and analysis efforts during the 2006 P16 section and Sabine Mecking for fruitful discussions. This study was funded by the NOAA global carbon cycle program and by NSF grants OCE-0223951 and OCE-0726517 and is JISAO contribution 1449, PMEL 3155. NR 34 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 10 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0148-0227 J9 J GEOPHYS RES-OCEANS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Oceans PD DEC 12 PY 2008 VL 113 IS C12 AR C12007 DI 10.1029/2008JC004864 PG 11 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 383KV UT WOS:000261673400001 ER PT J AU Stuhl, BK Sawyer, BC Wang, D Ye, J AF Stuhl, Benjamin K. Sawyer, Brian C. Wang, Dajun Ye, Jun TI Magneto-optical Trap for Polar Molecules SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID TITANIUM MONOXIDE; TIO; SPECTROSCOPY; STATES; TRANSITIONS; LIFETIMES; E-3-PI AB We propose a method for laser cooling and trapping a substantial class of polar molecules and, in particular, titanium (II) oxide (TiO). This method uses pulsed electric fields to nonadiabatically remix the ground-state magnetic sublevels of the molecule, allowing one to build a magneto-optical trap based on a quasicycling J(')=J('')-1 transition. Monte Carlo simulations of this electrostatically remixed magneto-optical trap demonstrate the feasibility of cooling TiO to a temperature of 10 mu K and trapping it with a radiation-pumping-limited lifetime on the order of 80 ms. C1 [Stuhl, Benjamin K.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Stuhl, BK (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM stuhl@jila.colorado.edu RI Ye, Jun/C-3312-2011; Wang, Dajun/F-7026-2012; OI Stuhl, Benjamin/0000-0003-0759-3323 FU NIST; DOE; NSF FX We thank M. Yeo, E. Hudson, and D. DeMille for valuable discussions and thank NIST, DOE, and NSF for support. NR 35 TC 64 Z9 64 U1 2 U2 11 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 12 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 24 AR 243002 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.243002 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 383WE UT WOS:000261704100017 PM 19113618 ER PT J AU Zhou, W Wu, H Udovic, TJ Rush, JJ Yildirim, T AF Zhou, Wei Wu, Hui Udovic, Terrence J. Rush, John J. Yildirim, Taner TI Quasi-Free Methyl Rotation in Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-8 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SINE-GORDON BREATHER; METAL-ORGANIC FRAMEWORKS; ISOTOPIC MIXTURES; LOW-TEMPERATURE; 4-METHYL-PYRIDINE; SPECTROSCOPY; HYDROGEN AB Using neutron inelastic scattering and diffraction, we have studied the quantum methyl rotation in zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8: Zn(MeIM)(2), MeIM = 2-methylimidazolate). The rotational potential for the CH(3) groups in ZIF-8 is shown to be primarily 3-fold in character. The ground-state tunneling transitions at 1.4 K of 334 +/- 1 mu eV for CH(3) groups in hydrogenated ZIF-8 (H-ZIF-8) and 33 +/- 1 mu eV for CD(3) groups in deuterated ZIF-8 (D-ZIF-8) indicate that the barrier to internal rotation is small compared to almost all methylated compounds in the solid state and that methyl-methyl coupling is negligible. A 2.7 +/- 0.1 meV scattering peak assigned to the ground-state to first-excited-state, hindered rotational transition for H-ZIF-8, combined with a similar to 3 meV activation energy for methyl-group 3-fold jump reorientation estimated by quasielastic neutron scattering, suggests a very low methyl rotational barrier of similar to 7 meV. Results are compared to the CH(3) rotational amplitude at 3.5 K derived from neutron diffraction data, which are also consistent with a small 3-fold barrier and a very low energy rotational oscillation. C1 [Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui; Rush, John J.; Yildirim, Taner] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zhou, Wei; Wu, Hui; Udovic, Terrence J.; Rush, John J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yildirim, Taner] Univ Penn, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. RP Zhou, W (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr,MS 6102, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wzhou@nist.gov; udovic@nist.gov RI Wu, Hui/C-6505-2008; Zhou, Wei/C-6504-2008; yildirim, taner/A-1290-2009 OI Wu, Hui/0000-0003-0296-5204; Zhou, Wei/0000-0002-5461-3617; FU National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672]; EERE [DE-AI-01-05EE11104]; BES [DE-FG02-08ER46522] FX The authors thank C. M. Brown for technical help in the DCS data collection and G. Gasparovic for assistance in the HFBS data collection. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. We also acknowledge partial DOE support from EERE Grant No. DE-AI-01-05EE11104 and BES Grant No. DE-FG02-08ER46522. NR 15 TC 41 Z9 42 U1 5 U2 56 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 11 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 49 BP 12602 EP 12606 DI 10.1021/jp807033m PG 5 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 379WG UT WOS:000261426300011 PM 19007199 ER PT J AU Papadimitriou, VC Portmann, RW Fahey, DW Muhle, J Weiss, RF Burkholder, JB AF Papadimitriou, Vassileios C. Portmann, R. W. Fahey, David W. Muehle, Jens Weiss, Ray F. Burkholder, James B. TI Experimental and Theoretical Study of the Atmospheric Chemistry and Global Warming Potential of SO(2)F(2) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY A LA English DT Article ID SULFURYL FLUORIDE; EXTRAPOLATION; COEFFICIENTS AB In this work, potential atmospheric loss processes for SO(2)F(2), a commercially used biocide (fumigant), have been studied and its global warming potential calculated. Rate coefficients for the gas-phase reactions OH + SO(2)F(2) -> products, k(1), and Cl + SO(2)F(2) -> products, k(4), were determined using a relative rate technique to be k(1) < 1 x 10(-16) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) at 296 and 333 K and k(4)(296 K) < 5 x 10(-17) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1). UV absorption cross sections of SO(2)F(2) were measured at 184.9, 193, and 213.9 nm, and its photolysis quantum yield at 193 urn was determined to be <0.02. The atmospheric lifetime of SO(2)F(2) with respect to loss by OH, Cl, and O((1)D) reaction and UV photodissociation is estimated to be >300, >10 000, 700, and >4700 years, respectively. The stratospheric lifetime of SO(2)F(2) is calculated using a two-dimensional model to be 630 years. The global warming potential (GWP) for SO(2)F(2) was calculated to be 4780 for the 100 year time horizon using infrared absorption cross sections measured in this work and a SO(2)F(2) globally averaged atmospheric lifetime of 36 years, which is determined primarily by ocean uptake, reported by Muhle et al. (Muhle, J.; Huang, J.; Weiss, R. F.; Prinn, R. G.; Miller, B. R.; Salameh, P. K.; Harth, C. M.; Fraser, P. J.; Porter, L. W.; Greally, B. R.; O'Doherty, S.; Simonds, P. G. J. Geophys. Res., submitted for publication, 2008). Reaction channels and the possible formation of stable adducts in reactions 1 and 4 were evaluated using ab initio, CCSD(T), and density functional theory, B3P86, quantum mechanical electronic Structure calculations. The most likely reaction product channels were found to be highly endothermic, consistent with the upper limits of the rate coefficients measured in this work. C1 [Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.; Portmann, R. W.; Fahey, David W.; Burkholder, James B.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Papadimitriou, Vassileios C.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Muehle, Jens; Weiss, Ray F.] Univ Calif San Diego, Scripps Inst Oceanog, La Jolla, CA 92093 USA. RP Burkholder, JB (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM James.B.Burkholder@noaa.gov RI Portmann, Robert/C-4903-2009; Burkholder, James/H-4914-2013; Fahey, David/G-4499-2013; Manager, CSD Publications/B-2789-2015 OI Portmann, Robert/0000-0002-0279-6087; Fahey, David/0000-0003-1720-0634; FU NOAA's Climate and Global Change Program. FX The work at NOAA was supported in part by NOAA's Climate and Global Change Program. We thank Dr. Yannis G. Lazarou for useful discussions regarding the theorefical calculations. NR 29 TC 26 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 23 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1089-5639 J9 J PHYS CHEM A JI J. Phys. Chem. A PD DEC 11 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 49 BP 12657 EP 12666 DI 10.1021/jp806368u PG 10 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 379WG UT WOS:000261426300018 PM 19053541 ER PT J AU Prabhu, VM Rao, A Kang, S Lin, EK Satija, SK AF Prabhu, Vivek M. Rao, Ashwin Kang, Shuhui Lin, Eric K. Satija, Sushil K. TI Manipulation of the Asymmetric Swelling Fronts of Photoresist Polyelectrolyte Gradient Thin Films SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B LA English DT Article ID CHEMICALLY AMPLIFIED PHOTORESIST; CONCENTRATION FLUCTUATIONS; MULTIVALENT SALTS; LIGHT-SCATTERING; PHASE-DIAGRAMS; POLYMER-FILMS; SPECTROSCOPY; PRECIPITATION; DISSOLUTION; DIMENSIONS AB The depth profile of swelling polyelectrolyte layers is characterized by a static bulk layer and an asymmetric profile with position and shape parameters that describe the intermediate and solution side of the interfacial region. The characteristic width in the solution-side region exceeds the dimensions of the individual chains and therefore is comprised of weakly associated polymers. Contrary to that observed for polyelectrolyte gels and brushes stabilized by cross-links or by covalent bonds to the substrate, respectively, these swelling, layers exhibit a more complex response to monovalent and divalent salts. Salt causes an initial contraction of the solution-side interface; layer expansion and polymer dissolution follow at higher salt concentration. The swelling layers measured by neutron reflectivity with mass change verified by quartz crystal microbalance exhibit nonequilibrium responses to the salt concentration, as observed through this interplay between swelling and dissolution. Further, the asymmetric profiles approach, but do not reach, symmetric shapes as expected by mean field equilibrium interfaces. These measurements, motivated by technological needs of photoresist materials, highlight the significance of hydrophobic interactions in determining the structure of associating polymer molecules at the lithographic feature edge. C1 [Prabhu, Vivek M.; Rao, Ashwin; Kang, Shuhui; Lin, Eric K.; Satija, Sushil K.] NIST, Div Polymers, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Prabhu, VM (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, Ctr Neutron Res, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM vprabhu@nist.gov FU SEMATECH [309841 OF] FX This work was supported by SEMATECH under Agreement #309841 OF. The authors acknowledge Dr. Wenli Wu (NIST) for encouragement throughout this work. Certain commercial equipment and materials are identified in this paper in order to specify adequately the experimental procedure. In no case does such identification imply recommendations by the National Institute of Standards and Technology nor does it imply that the material or equipment identified is necessarily the best available for this purpose. NR 37 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1520-6106 J9 J PHYS CHEM B JI J. Phys. Chem. B PD DEC 11 PY 2008 VL 112 IS 49 BP 15628 EP 15635 DI 10.1021/jp806788e PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 379WI UT WOS:000261426500014 PM 19053704 ER PT J AU Moore, SK Mantua, NJ Newton, JA Kawase, M Warner, MJ Kellogg, JR AF Moore, Stephanie K. Mantua, Nathan J. Newton, Jan A. Kawase, Mitsuhiro Warner, Mark J. Kellogg, Jonathan R. TI A descriptive analysis of temporal and spatial patterns of variability in Puget Sound oceanographic properties SO ESTUARINE COASTAL AND SHELF SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Puget Sound; oceanographic surveys; stratification; climatological patterns; interannual variability ID FJORD AB Temporal and spatial patterns of variability in Puget Sound's oceanographic properties are determined using continuous vertical profile data from two long-term monitoring programs; monthly observations at 16 stations from 1993 to 2002, and biannual observations at 40 stations from 1998 to 2003. Climatological monthly means of temperature, salinity, and density reveal strong seasonal patterns. Water temperatures are generally warmest (coolest) in September (February), with stations in shallow finger inlets away from mixing zones displaying the largest temperature ranges. Salinities and densities are strongly influenced by freshwater inflows from major rivers during winter and spring from precipitation and snowmelt, respectively, and variations are greatest in the surface waters and at stations closest to river mouths. Vertical density gradients are primarily determined by salinity variations in the surface layer, with stations closest to river mouths most frequently displaying the largest buoyancy frequencies at depths of approximately 4-6 m. Strong tidal stirring and reflux over sills at the entrance to Puget Sound generally removes vertical stratification. Mean summer and winter values of oceanographic properties reveal patterns of spatial connectivity in Puget Sound's three main basins; Whidbey Basin, Hood Canal, and Main Basin. Surface waters that are warmed in the summer are vertically mixed over the sill at Admiralty Inlet and advected at depth into Whidbey Basin and Hood Canal. Cooler and fresher Surface waters cap these warmer waters during winter, producing temperature inversions. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Moore, Stephanie K.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, W Coast Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Moore, Stephanie K.; Kawase, Mitsuhiro; Warner, Mark J.; Kellogg, Jonathan R.] Univ Washington, Sch Oceanog, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Climare Impacts Grp, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Mantua, Nathan J.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Newton, Jan A.] Univ Washington, Appl Phys Lab, Seattle, WA 98105 USA. RP Moore, SK (reprint author), NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, W Coast Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM stephanie.moore@noaa.gov FU West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health; NOAA Climate Program Office; NOAA Cooperative Agreement [NA17RJ1232]; National Oceanographic Partnership/Office of Naval Research [N00014-02-1-0502] FX Puget Sound Regional Synthesis Model data are used courtesy of the University of Washington. Marine Waters Monitoring Program data are used courtesy of the Washington State Department of Ecology. Skip Albertson and Sheryl Day assisted with obtaining and transforming MWM data into a format suitable for this research. Thanks also to Vera Trainer, Barbara Hickey, and two anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This publication was supported by the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative, WCCOHH publication no. 12. The WCCOHH is part of the National Marine Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center, Seattle, WA. This work was also supported by a grant from the NOAA Climate Program Office to the Center for Science in the Earth System through the joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1232. This is joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean Contribution no. 1382. Mitsuhiro Kawase was supported by National Oceanographic Partnership/Office of Naval Research grant N00014-02-1-0502. NR 27 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 2 U2 37 PU ACADEMIC PRESS LTD ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI LONDON PA 24-28 OVAL RD, LONDON NW1 7DX, ENGLAND SN 0272-7714 J9 ESTUAR COAST SHELF S JI Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 80 IS 4 BP 545 EP 554 DI 10.1016/j.ecss.2008.09.016 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 390GX UT WOS:000262153400010 ER PT J AU Zhou, J Berry, B Douglas, JF Karim, A Snyder, CR Soles, C AF Zhou, Jing Berry, Brian Douglas, Jack F. Karim, Alamgir Snyder, Chad R. Soles, Christopher TI Nanoscale thermal-mechanical probe determination of 'softening transitions' in thin polymer films SO NANOTECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID PLASTIC DISPLACEMENT FIELD; PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS; SOLAR-CELLS; NANOINDENTATION; TEMPERATURE; SILICON AB We report a quantitative study of the softening behavior of glassy polystyrene (PS) films at length scales on the order of 100 nm using nano-thermomechanometry (nano-TM), an emerging scanning probe technique in which a highly doped silicon atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip is resistively heated on the surface of a polymer film. The apparent 'softening temperature' T(s) of the film is found to depend on the logarithm of the square root of the thermal ramping rate R. This relation allows us to estimate a quasi-equilibrium (or zero rate) softening transition temperature T(s0) by extrapolation. We observe marked shifts of T(s0) with decreasing film thickness, but the nature of these shifts, and even their sign, depend strongly on both the thermal and mechanical properties of the supporting substrate. Finite element simulations suggest that thin PS films on rigid substrates with large thermal conductivities lead to increasing T(s0) with decreasing film thickness, whereas softer, less thermally conductive substrates promote reductions in T(s0). Experimental observations on a range of substrates confirm this behavior and indicate a complicated interplay between the thermal and mechanical properties of the thin PS film and the substrate. This study directly points to relevant factors for quantitative measurements of thermophysical properties of materials at the nanoscale using this nano-TM based method. C1 [Zhou, Jing; Berry, Brian; Douglas, Jack F.; Karim, Alamgir; Snyder, Chad R.; Soles, Christopher] NIST, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Zhou, J (reprint author), NIST, Div Polymers, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM alamgir.karim@nist.gov; csoles@nist.gov RI Snyder, Chad/B-4957-2008 OI Snyder, Chad/0000-0002-2916-9809 FU NIST/NRC FX The authors acknowledge Dr Wen-li Wu and Dr Tianle Cheng for helpful discussions of the manuscript. Brian Berry acknowledges support from the NIST/NRC postdoctoral fellowship program. This work is an official contribution of the National Institute of Standards and Technology. NR 30 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 19 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-4484 J9 NANOTECHNOLOGY JI Nanotechnology PD DEC 10 PY 2008 VL 19 IS 49 AR 495703 DI 10.1088/0957-4484/19/49/495703 PG 9 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 374KW UT WOS:000261043300024 PM 21730683 ER PT J AU Beversluis, MR Stranick, SJ AF Beversluis, Michael R. Stranick, Stephan J. TI Enhanced contrast coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy using annular phase masks SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE coherent antiStokes Raman scattering; liquid crystal devices; optical microscopy; spatial light modulators ID HIGH-SPECTRAL-RESOLUTION; CARS MICROSCOPY; LIVING CELLS; DIFFRACTION; SENSITIVITY; INTERFACES AB We have experimentally demonstrated enhanced image contrast of sample fine structure in a coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscope using liquid crystal spatial light modulators as programmable Toraldo-style pupil phase masks. We demonstrated through modeling, implementation, and verification of the focal intensity and phase distributions of the excitation beams the trade-offs between improved image contrast and CARS signal levels. C1 [Beversluis, Michael R.; Stranick, Stephan J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Beversluis, MR (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM stephan.stranick@nist.gov NR 18 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 6 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA 1305 WALT WHITMAN RD, STE 300, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 EI 1077-3118 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 23 AR 231115 DI 10.1063/1.3046719 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 383UP UT WOS:000261699700015 ER PT J AU Patrick, HJ Germer, TA Ding, YF Ro, HW Richter, LJ Soles, CL AF Patrick, Heather J. Germer, Thomas A. Ding, Yifu Ro, Hyun Wook Richter, Lee J. Soles, Christopher L. TI Scatterometry for in situ measurement of pattern reflow in nanoimprinted polymers SO APPLIED PHYSICS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE atomic force microscopy; diffraction gratings; glass transition; light scattering; nanolithography; nanopatterning; nondestructive testing; polymers; X-ray reflection ID COUPLED-WAVE ANALYSIS; IMPLEMENTATION; LITHOGRAPHY; GRATINGS AB We use optical scatterometry to extract the time evolution of the profile of nanoimprinted lines in low and high molecular mass polymer gratings during reflow at the glass transition temperature. The data are obtained continuously during the anneal using a spectroscopic ellipsometer and analyzed using a rigorous-coupled-wave model. We show excellent agreement of scatterometry results with ex situ measurements of line height by atomic force microscopy and specular x-ray reflectivity. The in situ scatterometry results reveal differences in the shape evolution of the grating lines indiscernible by other methods. C1 [Patrick, Heather J.; Germer, Thomas A.; Ding, Yifu; Ro, Hyun Wook; Richter, Lee J.; Soles, Christopher L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Patrick, Heather J.] KT Consulting Inc, Antioch, CA 94509 USA. [Ding, Yifu] Univ Colorado, Dept Mech Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Patrick, HJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM heather.patrick@nist.gov RI Richter, Lee/N-7730-2016 OI Richter, Lee/0000-0002-9433-3724 NR 14 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0003-6951 J9 APPL PHYS LETT JI Appl. Phys. Lett. PD DEC 8 PY 2008 VL 93 IS 23 AR 233105 DI 10.1063/1.3046117 PG 3 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 383UP UT WOS:000261699700054 ER PT J AU Miyoshi, Y Sakaguchi, K Shiokawa, K Evans, D Albert, J Connors, M Jordanova, V AF Miyoshi, Y. Sakaguchi, K. Shiokawa, K. Evans, D. Albert, J. Connors, M. Jordanova, V. TI Precipitation of radiation belt electrons by EMIC waves, observed from ground and space SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; PITCH-ANGLE SCATTERING; DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY; GEOMAGNETIC STORMS; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRONS; PROTON PRECIPITATION; MAGNETIC STORM; MAGNETOSPHERE; ACCELERATION; PULSATIONS AB We show evidence that left-hand polarised electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) plasma waves can cause the loss of relativistic electrons into the atmosphere. Our unique set of ground and satellite observations shows coincident precipitation of ions with energies of tens of keV and of relativistic electrons into an isolated proton aurora. The coincident precipitation was produced by wave-particle interactions with EMIC waves near the plasmapause. The estimation of pitch angle diffusion coefficients supports that the observed EMIC waves caused coincident precipitation of both ions and relativistic electrons. This study clarifies that ions with energies of tens of keV affect the evolution of relativistic electrons in the radiation belts via cyclotron resonance with EMIC waves, an effect that was first theoretically predicted in the early 1970's. C1 [Miyoshi, Y.; Sakaguchi, K.; Shiokawa, K.] Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. [Albert, J.] AFRL, Hanscom AFB, MA 01731 USA. [Connors, M.] Athabasca Univ, Ctr Sci, Athabasca, AB T9S 3A3, Canada. [Evans, D.] NOAA, SWPC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Jordanova, V.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM 87545 USA. RP Miyoshi, Y (reprint author), Nagoya Univ, Solar Terr Environm Lab, Nagoya, Aichi 4648601, Japan. EM miyoshi@stelab.nagoya-u.ac.jp RI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/B-5834-2015; OI Miyoshi, Yoshizumi/0000-0001-7998-1240; Albert, Jay/0000-0001-9494-7630; Jordanova, Vania/0000-0003-0475-8743 FU Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan [16403007]; GEMSIS project [19403010]; STEL [20740283]; Nagoya University [20244080] FX The POES particle data are provided from the NGDC. This work was supported by Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research (16403007, 19403010, 20740283, and 20244080) from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan, and the GEMSIS project, STEL, Nagoya University. NR 33 TC 88 Z9 88 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 EI 1944-8007 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 23 AR L23101 DI 10.1029/2008GL035727 PG 5 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 380MZ UT WOS:000261471100004 ER PT J AU Austin, J Reichler, TJ AF Austin, John Reichler, Thomas J. TI Long-term evolution of the cold point tropical tropopause: Simulation results and attribution analysis SO JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-ATMOSPHERES LA English DT Article ID CHEMISTRY-CLIMATE MODEL; CHANGING CLIMATE; OZONE RECOVERY; HEIGHT; STRATOSPHERE; TROPOSPHERE; ATMOSPHERE; TRENDS AB The height, pressure, and temperature of the cold point tropical tropopause are examined in three 140 year simulations of a coupled chemistry climate model. Tropopause height increases approximately steadily in the simulations at a mean rate of 63 9 +/- 3 m/decade (2 sigma confidence interval). The pressure trend changes near the year 2000 from -1.03 +/- 0.30 hPa/decade in the past to -0.55 +/- 0.06 hPa/decade for the future. The trend in tropopause temperature changes even more markedly from -0.13 +/- 0.07 K/decade in the past to +0.254 +/- 0.014 K/decade in the future. The tropopause data were fit using regression by terms representing total column ozone, tropical mean sea surface temperatures, and tropical mass upwelling. Tropopause height and pressure closely follow the upwelling term, whereas tropopause temperature is primarily related to sea surface temperature and ozone. The change in tropopause temperature trend near the year 2000 is related to the change in the sign of the ozone trend with the sea surface temperature having an increased role after 2040. A conceptual model is used to estimate tropopause changes. The results confirm the regression analysis in showing the importance of upper tropospheric warming (connected with sea surface temperature) and stratospheric cooling (connected with CO2 and O-3). In the past, global warming and ozone depletion have opposite effects on the tropopause temperature, which decreases slightly. For the future simulation, global warming and ozone recovery reinforce which increases the tropopause temperature. In particular, future tropopause change is found not to be an indicator of climate change alone. C1 [Austin, John] NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. [Reichler, Thomas J.] Univ Utah, Dept Meteorol, Salt Lake City, UT 84112 USA. RP Austin, J (reprint author), NOAA, UCAR, Geophys Fluid Dynam Lab, 201 Forrestal Rd, Princeton, NJ 08542 USA. EM john.austin@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [0532280]; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA06OAR4310148] FX JA's research was administered by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research at the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. TR is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant 0532280 and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under grant NA06OAR4310148. We would like to thank Andrew Gettelman, Dan Schwartzkopf, and two anonymous reviewers for their useful comments on the paper. Valuable discussion on the use of linear regression were held with John Lanzante and Keith Dixon. NR 38 TC 13 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 2169-897X J9 J GEOPHYS RES-ATMOS JI J. Geophys. Res.-Atmos. PD DEC 5 PY 2008 VL 113 AR D00B10 DI 10.1029/2007JD009768 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 380NL UT WOS:000261472300002 ER PT J AU Chung, JH Chung, SJ Lee, S Kirby, BJ Borchers, JA Cho, YJ Liu, X Furdyna, JK AF Chung, J. -H. Chung, S. J. Lee, Sanghoon Kirby, B. J. Borchers, J. A. Cho, Y. J. Liu, X. Furdyna, J. K. TI Carrier-Mediated Antiferromagnetic Interlayer Exchange Coupling in Diluted Magnetic Semiconductor Multilayers Ga(1-x)Mn(x)As/GaAs:Be SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID III-V SEMICONDUCTORS; SUPERLATTICES; MAGNETORESISTANCE; (GA,MN)AS; LAYERS; CO/RU; GAAS AB We report the antiferromagnetic (AFM) interlayer exchange coupling between Ga(0.97)Mn(0.03)As ferromagnetic semiconductor layers separated by Be-doped GaAs spacers. Polarized neutron reflectivity reveals a characteristic splitting at the wave vector corresponding to twice the multilayer period, indicating that the coupling between the ferromagnetic layers is AFM. When the applied field is increased to above the saturation field, this AFM coupling is suppressed. This behavior is not observed when the spacers are undoped, suggesting that the observed AFM coupling is mediated by doped charge carriers. C1 [Chung, J. -H.; Chung, S. J.; Lee, Sanghoon] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Kirby, B. J.; Borchers, J. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Cho, Y. J.; Liu, X.; Furdyna, J. K.] Univ Notre Dame, Dept Phys, Notre Dame, IN 46556 USA. RP Chung, JH (reprint author), Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136713, South Korea. EM slee3@korea.ac.kr RI Cho, YongJin/A-1143-2013 FU Korean government (MEST) [R01-2008-000-100570]; Seoul RDB Program; KOSEF [M20701050003-08N0105-00311]; NSF [DMR06-03752] FX S.J.C. and S. L. are supported by the Korea Science and Engineering Foundation (KOSEF) grant funded by the Korean government (MEST) (No. R01-2008-000-100570) and by the Seoul R&DB Program. J.-H.C. is independently supported by the KOSEF through the Nuclear R&D Programs (M20701050003-08N0105-00311). The work at Notre Dame was supported by NSF Grant No. DMR06-03752. NR 31 TC 45 Z9 46 U1 0 U2 13 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 23 AR 237202 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.237202 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 379XZ UT WOS:000261431200061 PM 19113587 ER PT J AU Giblin, SR Champion, JDM Zhou, HD Wiebe, CR Gardner, JS Terry, I Calder, S Fennell, T Bramwell, ST AF Giblin, S. R. Champion, J. D. M. Zhou, H. D. Wiebe, C. R. Gardner, J. S. Terry, I. Calder, S. Fennell, T. Bramwell, S. T. TI Static Magnetic Order in Tb(2)Sn(2)O(7) Revealed by Muon Spin Relaxation with Exterior Muon Implantation SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID LOW-ENERGY; LATTICE; ICE; SUSCEPTIBILITY; HO2TI2O7 AB Tb(2)Sn(2)O(7) has been proposed as an ordered spin ice, but the precise nature of the low temperature magnetic state remains uncertain. Recent independent muon spin relaxation (mu SR) investigations suggest the possibility of exotic ground states with static order precluded on time scales longer than 10(-6) s. Here the more conventional hypothesis of canted ferromagnetism is tested by means of mu SR with the muons stopped outside the sample, as well as ultralow field bulk magnetization measurements. The field cooled state shows conventional static order, while the zero field cooled state may be interpreted in terms of conventional closed domains. These results rule out purely dynamical ground states and illustrate the value of exterior muon implantation as a complement to the conventional technique. C1 [Giblin, S. R.; Champion, J. D. M.] Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. [Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. [Terry, I.] Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England. [Calder, S.; Fennell, T.; Bramwell, S. T.] UCL, London Ctr Nanotechnol, London WC1H 0AH, England. RP Giblin, SR (reprint author), Rutherford Appleton Lab, ISIS Facil, Didcot OX11 0QX, Oxon, England. EM sean.giblin@rl.ac.uk RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Fennell, Tom/D-1912-2014; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016; OI Calder, Stuart/0000-0001-8402-3741 FU EIEG program; NSF [DMR-0084173] FX S. T. B. thanks P. Dalmas de Reotier and S. Dunsiger for discussions. This work was supported through the EIEG program and NSF Grant No. DMR-0084173. NR 24 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD DEC 5 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 23 AR 237201 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.237201 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 379XZ UT WOS:000261431200060 PM 19113586 ER PT J AU Haymon, RM White, SM Baker, ET Anderson, PG Macdonald, KC Resing, JA AF Haymon, Rachel M. White, Scott M. Baker, Edward T. Anderson, Peter G. Macdonald, Ken C. Resing, Joseph A. TI High-resolution surveys along the hot spot-affected Galapagos Spreading Center: 3. Black smoker discoveries and the implications for geological controls on hydrothermal activity SO GEOCHEMISTRY GEOPHYSICS GEOSYSTEMS LA English DT Article DE hydrothermal vent; black smokers; Galapagos Spreading Center; mid-ocean ridge; ridge-hot spot interaction; Galapagos hot spot ID EAST PACIFIC RISE; DE-FUCA RIDGE; CURRENT PLATE MOTIONS; MIDOCEAN RIDGES; SUBMERSIBLE OBSERVATIONS; TECTONIC SEGMENTATION; VOLCANIC PROCESSES; SULFIDE DEPOSITS; REYKJANES RIDGE; MANTLE PLUME AB To explore effects of hot spots on mid-ocean ridge hydrothermal systems, we conducted nested sonar, hydrothermal plume, and near-bottom photographic surveys along the portion of the Galapagos Spreading Center (GSC) influenced by the Galapagos hot spot, from longitude 95 degrees-89.5 degrees W. We report the first active high-temperature black smokers to be found on the GSC, at longitudes 94 degrees 4.5'W and 91 degrees 56.2'-54.3'W; describe two areas of recently inactive smokers, at longitudes 91 degrees 23.4'-23.7'W and 91 degrees 13.8'W; and document an older inactive site, at longitude 90 degrees 33.4'W. All imaged vents issue either from dike-induced fissures along linear axial volcanic ridges and collapses or from a caldera. Magmatic control of hydrothermal systems also is revealed by spatial clustering of plumes within the topographically elevated middles of volcanic ridge segments with inferred centralized melt supply. In searched areas, smokers are more typical than diffuse flow vents, but total GSC plume incidence is half of that expected from the spreading rate. Why? Dike-fed fissures provide permeable pathways for efficient hydrothermal extraction of magmatic heat, but cones without calderas do not. Among many point-source cones surveyed, only the two with calderas had detectable plumes. Possibly, dominance of point-source over linear-source melt delivery on the GSC decreases plume incidence. Also, similar maturities of observed vents and their host lava flows indicate that hydrothermally active volcanic segments along the western GSC are contemporaneously in a waning phase of volcanic-hydrothermal activity. Perhaps ridge/hot spot interaction produces melt pulses that drive near-synchronous volcanic-hydrothermal activity on the volcanic segments spanning the hot spot. During active periods, hydrothermally active dike-fed fissures and calderas may be more abundant than we currently observe. C1 [Haymon, Rachel M.; Anderson, Peter G.; Macdonald, Ken C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [Haymon, Rachel M.; Anderson, Peter G.; Macdonald, Ken C.] Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. [White, Scott M.] Univ S Carolina, Dept Geol Sci, Columbia, SC 29208 USA. [Baker, Edward T.; Resing, Joseph A.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Resing, Joseph A.] Univ Washington, Joint Inst Study Atmosphere & Ocean, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Haymon, RM (reprint author), Univ Calif Santa Barbara, Dept Earth Sci, Santa Barbara, CA 93106 USA. EM haymon@geol.ucsb.edu RI White, Scott/C-5339-2009 OI White, Scott/0000-0002-5123-5307 FU National Science Foundation Marine Geology and Geophysics Program [OCE-0324668, OCE-0326148, OCE-0326272, OCE-0324232]; NOAA's Ocean Exploration and Vents Programs [NA04OAR600049] FX For assistance with data collection at sea, we are grateful to Captain Phil Smith and the R/V T. G. Thompson crew and technicians; the WHOI National Deep Submergence Facility team; NOAA-PMEL VENTS technicians; the Hawaii Mapping Research Group; NOAA-OE support staff; and all 13 of the undergraduate and graduate student watchstanders on the GalAPAGoS Team. We also are grateful to Tim Shank for precruise assistance. We thank both the Ecuadorian government, for permission to work in their national waters and EEZ, and our collaborators from the Instituto Oceanografico de la Armada of Ecuador (Essy Santana, Leila Zambrano Zavala, Jorge Guarnizo, Hector Chaux Campo, Freddy Hernandez Vaca). We are grateful to Suzanne Carbotte and Garrett Ito for their thoughtful reviews of our submitted draft. This work was jointly funded by the National Science Foundation Marine Geology and Geophysics Program (OCE-0324668 to R. M. H. and K. C. M.; OCE-0326148 to S. M. W.; OCE-0326272 to J.A.R.; OCE-0324232 to T. Shank), and by NOAA's Ocean Exploration and Vents Programs (NOAA-OE grant NA04OAR600049). NR 80 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 1525-2027 J9 GEOCHEM GEOPHY GEOSY JI Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst. PD DEC 4 PY 2008 VL 9 AR Q12006 DI 10.1029/2008GC002114 PG 30 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 380ML UT WOS:000261469700003 ER PT J AU Zeng, N Yoon, JH Vintzileos, A Collatz, GJ Kalnay, E Mariotti, A Kumar, A Busalacchi, A Lord, S AF Zeng, Ning Yoon, Jin-Ho Vintzileos, Augustin Collatz, G. James Kalnay, Eugenia Mariotti, Annarita Kumar, Arun Busalacchi, Antonio Lord, Stephen TI Dynamical prediction of terrestrial ecosystems and the global carbon cycle: A 25-year hindcast experiment SO GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES LA English DT Article ID NINO-SOUTHERN-OSCILLATION; EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; FORECAST SYSTEM; ATMOSPHERIC CO2; MODEL; SIMULATION; ENSO AB Using a 25-year hindcast experiment, we explore the possibility of seasonal-interannual prediction of terrestrial ecosystems and the global carbon cycle. This has been achieved using a prototype forecasting system in which the dynamic vegetation and terrestrial carbon cycle model VEGAS was forced with 15-member ensemble climate predictions generated by the NOAA/NCEP coupled climate forecasting system (CFS) for the period 1981-2005, with lead times up to 9 months. The results show that the predictability is dominated by the ENSO signal with its major influence on the tropical and subtropical regions, including South America, Indonesia, southern Africa, eastern Australia, western United States, and central Asia. There is also important non-ENSO related predictability such as that associated with midlatitude drought. Comparison of the dynamical prediction results with benchmark statistical prediction methods such as anomaly persistence and damping show that the dynamical method performs significantly better. The hindcasted ecosystem variables and carbon flux show significantly slower decrease in skill at longer lead time compared to the climate forcing variables, partly because of the memories in land and vegetation processes that filter out the higher-frequency noise and sustain the signal. C1 [Zeng, Ning; Yoon, Jin-Ho; Kalnay, Eugenia; Busalacchi, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Zeng, Ning; Mariotti, Annarita; Busalacchi, Antonio] Univ Maryland, Earth Syst Sci Interdisciplinary Ctr, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Collatz, G. James] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Kumar, Arun] NOAA, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Vintzileos, Augustin; Lord, Stephen] NOAA, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Mariotti, Annarita] ENEA Casaccia, Rome, Italy. RP Zeng, N (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM zeng@atmos.umd.edu RI Kalnay, Eugenia/F-4393-2010; collatz, george/D-5381-2012; Zeng, Ning/A-3130-2008; YOON, JIN-HO/A-1672-2009; OI Zeng, Ning/0000-0002-7489-7629; YOON, JIN-HO/0000-0002-4939-8078; Kalnay, Eugenia/0000-0002-9984-9906 FU NOAA [NA04OAR4310091, NA04OAR4310114]; NSF [ATM0739677]; NASA [407191AG7] FX We thank S. Saha for discussion on CFS and NOAA/NCEP for making the CFS data available. Discussions with K. Mitchell and W. Higgins were helpful in improving our manuscript. The manuscript was significantly improved because of the comments from the Associate Editor Jim Randerson, Peter Rayner, and another anonymous reviewer. This research was supported by NOAA grants NA04OAR4310091 and NA04OAR4310114, NSF grant ATM0739677, and NASA grant 407191AG7. NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0886-6236 EI 1944-9224 J9 GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEM CY JI Glob. Biogeochem. Cycle PD DEC 4 PY 2008 VL 22 IS 4 AR GB4015 DI 10.1029/2008GB003183 PG 13 WC Environmental Sciences; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Geology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 380MT UT WOS:000261470500003 ER PT J AU Mastepanov, M Sigsgaard, C Dlugokencky, EJ Houweling, S Strom, L Tamstorf, MP Christensen, TR AF Mastepanov, Mikhail Sigsgaard, Charlotte Dlugokencky, Edward J. Houweling, Sander Strom, Lena Tamstorf, Mikkel P. Christensen, Torben R. TI Large tundra methane burst during onset of freezing SO NATURE LA English DT Article ID TRACE GAS-EXCHANGE; ATMOSPHERIC METHANE; NORTHEAST GREENLAND; ARCTIC TUNDRA; CH4; EMISSION; CLIMATE; THAW; CO2 AB Terrestrial wetland emissions are the largest single source of the greenhouse gas methane(1). Northern high- latitude wetlands contribute significantly to the overall methane emissions from wetlands, but the relative source distribution between tropical and high- latitude wetlands remains uncertain(2,3). As a result, not all the observed spatial and seasonal patterns of atmospheric methane concentrations can be satisfactorily explained, particularly for high northern latitudes. For example, a late- autumn shoulder is consistently observed in the seasonal cycles of atmospheric methane at high- latitude sites(4), but the sources responsible for these increased methane concentrations remain uncertain. Here we report a data set that extends hourly methane flux measurements from a high Arctic setting into the late autumn and early winter, during the onset of soil freezing. We find that emissions fall to a low steady level after the growing season but then increase significantly during the freeze- in period. The integral of emissions during the freeze- in period is approximately equal to the amount of methane emitted during the entire summer season. Three- dimensional atmospheric chemistry and transport model simulations of global atmospheric methane concentrations indicate that the observed early winter emission burst improves the agreement between the simulated seasonal cycle and atmospheric data from latitudes north of 60 degrees N. Our findings suggest that permafrost- associated freeze- in bursts of methane emissions from tundra regions could be an important and so far unrecognized component of the seasonal distribution of methane emissions from high latitudes. C1 [Mastepanov, Mikhail; Strom, Lena; Christensen, Torben R.] Lund Univ, Geobiosphere Sci Ctr, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. [Sigsgaard, Charlotte] Univ Copenhagen, Inst Geog & Geol, DK-1350 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Dlugokencky, Edward J.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Houweling, Sander] SRON, Netherlands Inst Space Res, NL-3584 CA Utrecht, Netherlands. [Houweling, Sander] Univ Utrecht, Inst Marine & Atmospher Res Utrecht IMAU, NL-3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands. [Tamstorf, Mikkel P.] Univ Aarhus, Natl Environm Res Inst, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark. RP Christensen, TR (reprint author), Lund Univ, Geobiosphere Sci Ctr, Solvegatan 12, S-22362 Lund, Sweden. EM Torben.Christensen@nateko.lu.se RI Tamstorf, Mikkel/I-7101-2013; Mastepanov, Mikhail/G-1235-2016 OI Tamstorf, Mikkel/0000-0002-2811-331X; Mastepanov, Mikhail/0000-0002-5543-0302 FU Danish Ministry of the Environment; Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland (KVUG); Swedish Research Councils VR; FORMAS FX This work was carried out under the auspices of the GeoBasis programme and part of the Zackenberg Ecological Research Operations funded by the Danish Ministry of the Environment and the ISICaB project funded by the Commission for Scientific Research in Greenland (KVUG). ASIAQ-Greenland Survey provided climate data. The work was also supported by the Swedish Research Councils VR and FORMAS. We thank P. Bergamachi (JRC) and J.-F. Meirink (KNMI) for providing the TM5 model setup. T. Tagesson helped with the field work in Zackenberg. We are grateful for comments on earlier versions of this manuscript from A. Lindroth and B. Christensen. NR 22 TC 128 Z9 139 U1 11 U2 100 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 0028-0836 J9 NATURE JI Nature PD DEC 4 PY 2008 VL 456 IS 7222 BP 628 EP U58 DI 10.1038/nature07464 PG 4 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 378QW UT WOS:000261340000038 PM 19052625 ER PT J AU Ott, LS Hadler, AB Bruno, TJ AF Ott, Lisa Starkey Hadler, Amelia B. Bruno, Thomas J. TI Variability of The Rocket Propellants RP-1, RP-2, and TS-5: Application of a Composition- and Enthalpy-Explicit Distillation Curve Method SO INDUSTRIAL & ENGINEERING CHEMISTRY RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID SURROGATE MIXTURE MODEL; THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES; AVIATION FUEL; IMPROVEMENTS; S-8 AB We have recently introduced several important improvements in the measurement of distillation curves for complex fluids. This method is a significant improvement over current approaches, featuring a composition-explicit data channel for each distillate fraction (for both qualitative and quantitative analysis) and an assessment of the energy content of each distillate fraction, among other features. The most significant modification is achieved with a new sampling approach that allows precise qualitative as well as quantitative analyses of each fraction, on the fly. We have applied the new method to the measurement of a wide variety of fluids, including hydrocarbons, gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuels (both petroleum-derived and biodiesel), and crude oils. In this paper, we present the application of the technique to representative batches of the rocket propellants RP-1, RP-2, and TS-5. We not only present the distillation curves but also utilize the composition-explicit information to characterize distillate cuts in terms of composition and available energy content. The measure we use for the fluid energy content is the composite enthalpy of combustion for each component selected for identification in each distillate fraction. Overall, the distillation curves and enthalpy data for all three fluids are remarkably similar. C1 [Ott, Lisa Starkey; Hadler, Amelia B.; Bruno, Thomas J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Bruno, TJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM bruno@boulder.nist.gov FU NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF); National Academy of Science/National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship Award at NIST; Air Force Research Laboratory [MIPR FISBAA8022G001] FX This work was performed while A.B.H. was supported by a NIST Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) award and while L.S.O. held a National Academy of Science/National Research Council Postdoctoral Associateship Award at NIST. We gratefully acknowledge Matt Billingsley at Edwards Air Force Base for the RP-2 and TS-5 samples and Tim Edwards at Wright Patterson Air Force Base for the RP-1 sample. Financial support of the Air Force Research Laboratory (MIPR FISBAA8022G001) is gratefully acknowledged. NR 29 TC 40 Z9 40 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0888-5885 J9 IND ENG CHEM RES JI Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. PD DEC 3 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 23 BP 9225 EP 9233 DI 10.1021/ie800988u PG 9 WC Engineering, Chemical SC Engineering GA 377VL UT WOS:000261279700027 ER PT J AU Teague, LC Hamadani, BH Jurchescu, OD Subramanian, S Anthony, JE Jackson, TN Richter, CA Gundlach, DJ Kushmerick, JG AF Teague, Lucile C. Hamadani, Behrang H. Jurchescu, Oana D. Subramanian, Sankar Anthony, John E. Jackson, Thomas N. Richter, Curt A. Gundlach, David J. Kushmerick, James G. TI Surface Potential Imaging of Solution Processable Acene-Based Thin Film Transistors SO ADVANCED MATERIALS LA English DT Article ID FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS; SEMICONDUCTOR GRAIN-BOUNDARY; INTERFACE; POTENTIOMETRY; RESISTANCE; TRANSPORT AB Scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) of functioning solution-processed thin-film transistors is used to correlate film microstructure with device performance. As the channel length increases in these spun-cast devices, significant changes occur in the film microstructure within the device channel. These changes are observed with SKPM, and show a strong structure-function relationship. C1 [Teague, Lucile C.; Hamadani, Behrang H.; Jurchescu, Oana D.; Richter, Curt A.; Gundlach, David J.; Kushmerick, James G.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Subramanian, Sankar; Anthony, John E.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Chem, Lexington, KY 40506 USA. [Jurchescu, Oana D.; Jackson, Thomas N.] Penn State Univ, Dept Elect Engn, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. RP Kushmerick, JG (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM james.kushmerick@nist.gov RI Jackson, Thomas/A-4224-2012; OI Anthony, John/0000-0002-8972-1888 FU National Research Council/National Institute of Standards and Technology; Office of Naval Research FX The authors would like to acknowledge Dr. Lee J. Richter for initiating this collaborative effort. L. C. T and B. H. H. acknowledge funding from the National Research Council/National Institute of Standards and Technology postdoctoral fellowship program. J. E. A. acknowledges the Office of Naval Research for support of this research, Supporting Information is available online from Wiley InterScience or from the author. NR 19 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 2 U2 23 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0935-9648 J9 ADV MATER JI Adv. Mater. PD DEC 2 PY 2008 VL 20 IS 23 BP 4513 EP 4516 DI 10.1002/adma.200801780 PG 4 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Materials Science; Physics GA 387FO UT WOS:000261937300029 ER PT J AU Nagura, M McPhaden, MJ AF Nagura, Motoki McPhaden, Michael J. TI The dynamics of zonal current variations in the central equatorial Indian Ocean SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article ID INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY; CIRCULATION AB This paper examines the depth integrated zonal momentum balance in the central equatorial Indian Ocean (0 degrees, 80.5 degrees E) for two periods in 1993-1994 and 2004-2006 using a combination of in-situ and satellite observations. One- to two-year record length mean balances are approximately linear and steady state. Monthly to seasonal time scale variations are also governed by linear dynamics, with imbalances between the pressure gradient force and surface wind stress leading to zonal mass transport variations along the equator. Interannual variations in zonal transports along the equator associated with Indian Ocean Dipole events in 1994 and 2006 are likewise consistent with linear dynamics. These results provide a valuable benchmark for evaluating models of equatorial Indian Ocean circulation on seasonal time scales. C1 [Nagura, Motoki; McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Nagura, M (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way Ne, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM motoki.nagura@noaa.gov RI McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016 NR 17 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 3 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD DEC 2 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 23 AR L23603 DI 10.1029/2008GL035961 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 380MU UT WOS:000261470600006 ER PT J AU Marszalek, J Pojman, JA Page, KA AF Marszalek, Jolanta Pojman, John A. Page, Kirt A. TI Neutron Scattering Study of the Structural Change Induced by Photopolymerization of AOT/D(2)O/Dodecyl Acrylate Inverse Microemulsions SO LANGMUIR LA English DT Article ID IN-OIL MICROEMULSIONS; AOT-REVERSED MICELLES; AEROSOL-OT; POLYMERIZABLE SURFACTANTS; PHASE MICROEMULSIONS; DYNAMIC PROPERTIES; WATER; DEPENDENCE; BEHAVIOR; SYSTEMS AB Small-angle and ultrasmall-angle neutron scattering (SANS/USANS) measurements were used to determine the structural changes induced by photopolymerization of AOT/D(2)O/(dodecyl acrylate) inverse microemulsion systems. Scattering profiles were collected for the initial microemulsions and the films resulting from photopolymerization of the oil phase. The SANS data for the microemulsions were, modeled as spherical, core-shell droplets. Upon polymerization, the clear mircoemulsions formed opaque films. From the SANS/USANS data of the films, it was apparent that this morphology was not preserved upon polymerization; however, it was clearly observed that the formulation of the microemulsion had a large impact on the structure within the films. The Guinier region in the USANS data (2.5 x 10(-5) angstrom(-1) <= Q <= 5.3 x 10(-3) angstrom(-1)) from the films indicates that very large structures are formed. Simultaneously, a well-defined peak (0.15 angstrom(-1) <= Q <= 0.25 angstrom(-1)) in the SANS data indicates that there are also much smaller structures formed. It is proposed that the low-Q scattering arises from aggregation of the nanometer-size water droplets in the microemulsion to form droplets large enough to scatter visible light, while the peak in the high-Q region results from bilayered structures formed by the surfactant. C1 [Marszalek, Jolanta; Pojman, John A.] Univ So Mississippi, Dept Chem & Biochem, Hattiesburg, MS 39406 USA. [Page, Kirt A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Polymers, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pojman, JA (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Chem, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM john@pojman.com; kirt.page@nist.gov FU National Science Foundation Materials Research Science Engineering Center [DMR 0213883]; University of Southern Mississippi; National Academy of Science, National Research Council Research Associateship Program FX The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided for these studies from the National Science Foundation Materials Research Science Engineering Center (DMR 0213883) at The University of Southern Mississippi. K.A.P. gratefully acknowledges support from the National Academy of Science, National Research Council Research Associateship Program. Special thanks to Dr. Steve Kline at the NCNR for his input on modeling of the SANS data. NR 59 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 17 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0743-7463 J9 LANGMUIR JI Langmuir PD DEC 2 PY 2008 VL 24 IS 23 BP 13694 EP 13700 DI 10.1021/la8022634 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 376XO UT WOS:000261216500067 PM 18980349 ER PT J AU Cappa, CD Lovejoy, ER Ravishankara, AR AF Cappa, Christopher D. Lovejoy, Edward R. Ravishankara, A. R. TI Evidence for liquid-like and nonideal behavior of a mixture of organic aerosol components SO PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA LA English DT Article DE vapor pressures; activity coefficients; particulate matter; partitioning theory ID DICARBOXYLIC-ACIDS; VAPOR-PRESSURES; EVAPORATION RATES; AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; ATMOSPHERIC AEROSOL; MODEL; PARTICLES; MECHANISM; PRODUCTS; RADICALS AB The condensation, evaporation, and repartitioning of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the atmosphere depends both on the phase of condensed material and the effective condensed phase vapor pressures of the SVOCs. Although direct measurements of vapor pressures of individual SVOCs exist, there are limited measurements of how the properties of a given compound changes in mixtures of multiple components that exist in the atmosphere. Here, the evaporation behavior of mixtures of dicarboxylic acids, which are common atmospheric aerosol constituents, is investigated. These measurements demonstrate that complex mixtures of the individually solid organic compounds take on liquid-like properties. Additionally, the vapor pressures of individual components show strong, identity-dependent deviations from ideality (i.e., Raoult's Law), with the vapor pressures of the smaller, more volatile compounds decreased significantly in the mixtures. The addition of an inorganic compound (NaNO(3)) further influences the nonideal behavior, again in a compound-specific manner. These results suggest that nonideal behavior of particle-phase compounds influences the abundances of organic aerosol observed in the atmosphere and in the laboratory. C1 [Cappa, Christopher D.; Lovejoy, Edward R.; Ravishankara, A. R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Chem Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Cappa, Christopher D.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Ravishankara, A. R.] Univ Colorado, Dept Chem & Biochem, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Cappa, CD (reprint author), Univ Calif Davis, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Davis, CA 95616 USA. EM cdcappa@ucdavis.edu RI Ravishankara, Akkihebbal/A-2914-2011 FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration program FX We thank T. Thornberry, J. de Gouw, J. Burkholder and J. Kroll for useful discussions. This work was supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration program for climate change. NR 40 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 1 U2 18 PU NATL ACAD SCIENCES PI WASHINGTON PA 2101 CONSTITUTION AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20418 USA SN 0027-8424 J9 P NATL ACAD SCI USA JI Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. PD DEC 2 PY 2008 VL 105 IS 48 BP 18687 EP 18691 DI 10.1073/pnas.0802144105 PG 5 WC Multidisciplinary Sciences SC Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 380TW UT WOS:000261489100016 PM 19020087 ER PT J AU Duewer, D AF Duewer, David Lee TI The distribution of interlaboratory comparison data: response to the contribution by K. Heydorn SO ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE LA English DT Editorial Material AB The distribution of interlaboratory results can often be successfully modeled as a mixture of distributions: a "majority" population of results from laboratories of high and roughly equal competence and a (hopefully) minority "contaminant" population from laboratories of lesser competence. Approximating the majority population as a normal distribution and the contaminant as a uniform distribution can be and has been used to produce mixture populations that have realistically "heavy-tails" (i.e., leptokurtic). C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Duewer, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM david.duewer@nist.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-1775 J9 ACCREDIT QUAL ASSUR JI Accredit. Qual. Assur. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 13 IS 12 BP 725 EP 726 DI 10.1007/s00769-008-0469-4 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Chemistry; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 379MP UT WOS:000261400700008 ER PT J AU Bienfang, P Oben, B DeFelice, S Moeller, P Huncik, K Oben, P Toonen, R Daly-Engel, T Bowen, B AF Bienfang, P. Oben, B. DeFelice, S. Moeller, P. Huncik, K. Oben, P. Toonen, R. Daly-Engel, T. Bowen, B. TI Ciguatera: the detection of neurotoxins in carnivorous reef fish from the coast of Cameroon, West Africa SO AFRICAN JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Cameroon; ciguatera; Gambierdiscus; Lutjanus spp.; marine toxin; N2a neuroblastoma; neurotoxin; Sphyraena barracuda ID INDIAN-OCEAN; BREVETOXINS; CIGUATOXINS; BIOASSAY; TOXINS; SAXITOXINS; EXTRACTS; ASSAY AB This work examined 64 large, carnivorous reef fish from the coastal waters of Cameroon for toxicity commonly associated with an incidence of ciguatera fish poisoning. The samples were also subjected to m-DNA analyses to confirm their taxonomic identification. The analyses showed that a subgroup of fish locally referred to as groupers are actually in the snapper family (Lutjanus spp.). Extracts from 22 barracuda Sphyraena barracuda and 42 snapper Lutjanus spp. samples were prepared and examined for the presence of ciguatera-like toxins. Sodium-channel activation was assessed by a sodium-channel-specific bioassay using mouse neuroblastoma (N2a) cells. Extracts were also subjected to chemical analysis via liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) to compare the mass of peaks of interest to the molecular weights of fish toxins previously described. Two barracuda and one snapper tested positive for a sodium-channel activator, i.e. presumptive ciguatoxin, in the N2a assay. LC/MS analyses showed that only these three samples contained high-intensity peaks, with masses of 1 222 amu and 1 279 amu. These results represent the first analytical report indicating the presence of sodium-channel-specific neurotoxins in fish from along the coast of West Africa. Given the importance of such marine carnivores to the nutrition and socio-economy of the coastal populace, education and disease management appear to be warranted. C1 [Bienfang, P.; DeFelice, S.] Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Pacific Res Ctr Marine Biomed, Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Oben, B.] Univ Buea, Dept Plant & Anim Sci, Buea, Cameroon. [Moeller, P.; Huncik, K.] NOS NOAA, Hollings Marine Lab, Toxin Marine Nat Prod Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Oben, P.] Univ Buea, Dept Geol & Environm Sci, Buea, Cameroon. [Toonen, R.; Daly-Engel, T.] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Hawaii Inst Marine Biol, Dept Zool, Kaneohe, HI 96744 USA. RP Bienfang, P (reprint author), Univ Hawaii Manoa, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Pacific Res Ctr Marine Biomed, Ctr Oceans & Human Hlth, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM bienfang@soest.hawaii.edu FU National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences [P50ES012740]; National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE04-32479, OCE06-23678, OCE04-53167]; US Department of State FX This work was made possible through the Centers for Oceans and Human Health (COHH) program of the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (P50ES012740), National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation (NSF; OCE04-32479). DNA analyses were supported by NSF grant OCE06-23678 to RT and NSF grant OCE04-53167 to BB. BO's participation was supported by the Fulbright Program, Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs of the US Department of State, and administered by the Council for International Exchange of Scholars. We thank Ron Manger, Edward Laws and Thomas Hemscheidt for their valuable technical insights to this work. NR 34 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 8 PU NATL INQUIRY SERVICES CENTRE PTY LTD PI GRAHAMSTOWN PA 19 WORCESTER STREET, PO BOX 377, GRAHAMSTOWN 6140, SOUTH AFRICA SN 1814-232X J9 AFR J MAR SCI JI Afr. J. Mar. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 30 IS 3 BP 533 EP 540 DI 10.2989/AJMS.2008.30.3.8.642 PG 8 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 409PJ UT WOS:000263518000008 ER PT J AU Gedzelman, SD AF David Gedzelman, Stanley TI Simulating halos and coronas in their atmospheric environment SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID CIRRUS CLOUDS; ABSORPTION; RAINBOWS; MASS; SUN AB Models are developed that simulate the light and color of the sky and of circular halos and coronas as a function of atmospheric pressure, cloud height, width, and optical depth, solar zenith angle, aerosol concentration and size, and ozone content. Halos, coronas, and skylight are treated as singly scattered sunbeams that are depleted in their passage through the atmosphere and cloud. Multiple scattering is included only for background cloud light. Halos produced by hexagonal crystal prisms and coronas produced by monodisperse droplets are visible for cloud optical depths in the range 0.0003 <= tau(cld) <= 7 and are brightest and most colorful when tau(cld) is somewhat less than the cosine of the observer's zenith angle. When the Sun is low in the sky, halos and coronas can be bright only at smaller cloud optical depths and tend to be faint at their bottoms when produced in high Cloud layers but can be bright at the horizon when produced by narrow cloud cells near ground level. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [David Gedzelman, Stanley] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [David Gedzelman, Stanley] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [David Gedzelman, Stanley] Univ Granada, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. RP Gedzelman, SD (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM stan@sci.ccny.cuny.edu NR 27 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 34 BP H157 EP H166 DI 10.1364/AO.47.00H157 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 386BB UT WOS:000261856200021 ER PT J AU Gedzelman, SD AF David Gedzelman, Stanley TI Simulating rainbows in their atmospheric environment SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID COLORS; HALOS AB Light and color of geometric optics rainbows are simulated in their atmospheric environment. Sunlight passes through a molecular atmosphere with ozone and an aerosol layer near the ground to strike a cuboidal rain shaft below an overhanging cuboidal cloud. The rainbows are treated as singly scattered sunbeams that are depleted as they pass through the atmosphere and rain shaft. They appear in a setting illuminated by scattered light from behind the observer, from the background beyond the rain shaft, and from the rain shaft. In dark backgrounds the primary and secondary bows first become visible when the optical thickness of rain shafts tau(R) congruent to 0.0003 and tau(R) congruent to 0.003, respectively. The bows are brightest and most colorful for 0.1 <= tau(R) <= 3, a range that is typical for most showers. The peaks of the scattering phase function for raindrops that correspond to the geometric optics rainbow are so pronounced that rainbows remain bright and colorful for optically thick rain shafts seen against dark backgrounds, but the bows appear washed out or vanish as the background brightens or where the rain shaft is shaded by an overhanging cloud. Rainbows also redden Lis the Sun approaches the horizon. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [David Gedzelman, Stanley] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [David Gedzelman, Stanley] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [David Gedzelman, Stanley] Univ Granada, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. RP Gedzelman, SD (reprint author), CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. EM stan@sci.ccny.cuny.edu NR 19 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 34 BP H176 EP H181 DI 10.1364/AO.47.00H176 PG 6 WC Optics SC Optics GA 386BB UT WOS:000261856200024 ER PT J AU Gedzelman, SD Vollmer, M AF David Gedzelman, Stanley Vollmer, Michael TI Simulating irradiance and color during lunar eclipses using satellite data SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB Irradiance and color during the total lunar eclipses of 2007 and 2008 are simulated using a ray tracing model that includes refraction, scattering by molecules, and observed or climatological distributions of aerosols, ozone, clouds, and topography around the terminator. Central portions of the umbra appear deep red for almost all eclipses due to preferential removal of short wavelengths in the spectrum of sunlight by scattering in the lower troposphere. The fringe of the umbra appears turquoise or blue due to selective removal of wavelengths around 600 nm by the Chappuis absorption hands of ozone in the stratosphere. Asymmetric distributions of clouds and aerosols, particularly for the 2008 eclipse, produce minimum calculated irradiance up to 17 are min from the umbra center, while high ozone content over the arctic makes the northern edge of the umbra deepest blue. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Vollmer, Michael] Brandenburg Univ Appl Sci, Fachbereich Tech, Brandenburg, Germany. [David Gedzelman, Stanley] Univ Granada, Dept Opt, Granada, Spain. [David Gedzelman, Stanley] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [David Gedzelman, Stanley] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Vollmer, M (reprint author), Brandenburg Univ Appl Sci, Fachbereich Tech, Brandenburg, Germany. EM sgedzelman@sci.ccny.cuny.edu; vollmer@fh-brandenburg.de NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 34 BP H149 EP H156 DI 10.1364/AO.47.00H149 PG 8 WC Optics SC Optics GA 386BB UT WOS:000261856200020 PM 19037336 ER PT J AU Gedzelman, SD Lopez-Alvarez, MA Hernandez-Andres, J Greenler, R AF David Gedzelman, Stanley Angel Lopez-Alvarez, Miguel Hernandez-Andres, Javier Greenler, Robert TI Quantifying the "milky sky" experiment SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID LIGHT-SCATTERING AB Spectra of direct and scattered light that passed through a tank of water mixed With up to 25 ml of homogenized skim milk were measured with a spectroradiometer in a classic experiment used to illustrate why the sky is blue and why the Sun turns red near the horizon. The direct light penetrating the tank was reddened by preferential scattering of short waves by the milk particles (protein casein micelles and fat globules). Scattered light was blue near the light source when the optical thickness was small and red far from the source when the optical thickness was large. The measured radiance spectra and Mie theory were used to estimate that the optically effective mean diameters of protein casein micelles and fat globules wore 170 and 610 nm. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [David Gedzelman, Stanley; Angel Lopez-Alvarez, Miguel; Hernandez-Andres, Javier] Univ Granada, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [David Gedzelman, Stanley] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [David Gedzelman, Stanley] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Greenler, Robert] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Phys, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Gedzelman, SD (reprint author), Univ Granada, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. EM stan@sci.ccny.cuny.edu RI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/B-9085-2013 OI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/0000-0002-6457-7568 NR 12 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 1 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 34 BP H128 EP H132 DI 10.1364/AO.47.00H128 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 386BB UT WOS:000261856200017 PM 19037332 ER PT J AU Gedzelman, SD Hernandez-Andres, J AF Gedzelman, Stanley David Hernandez-Andres, Javier TI Fountain rainbows SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article AB We present the first measurements of radiance spectra of rainbows. The bows on two sunny days (3 and 6 June 2008) were produced by the fountain in the Parque de las Ciencias, Granada, Spain, that consists of a rectangular perimeter of 40 spray nozzles. Optical thickness of the spray from each nozzle was approximately 0.5. Spectral purity of the primary bow was highest for orange and blue, reaching values of 23% and 7%, respectively, while skylight 90 degrees from the Sun had a color purity of 34% (on 6 June). The secondary bow had much lower color purity with red absent because the regions around the bows and in Alexander's dark band were pale blue. The narrow sickle shape of the chromaticity curves for the primary bows and the absence of supernumerary bows indicated that the drop radius was between 0.2 and 0.4 mm. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Gedzelman, Stanley David; Hernandez-Andres, Javier] Univ Granada, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. [Gedzelman, Stanley David] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [Gedzelman, Stanley David] CUNY City Coll, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Cooperat Remote Sensing Sci & Technol NOAA CREST, New York, NY 10031 USA. RP Hernandez-Andres, J (reprint author), Univ Granada, Dept Opt, E-18071 Granada, Spain. EM javierha@ugr.es RI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/B-9085-2013 OI Hernandez-Andres, Javier/0000-0002-6457-7568 NR 7 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 34 BP H220 EP H224 DI 10.1364/AO.47.00H220 PG 5 WC Optics SC Optics GA 386BB UT WOS:000261856200030 PM 19037346 ER PT J AU Vollmer, M Gedzelman, SD AF Vollmer, Michael David Gedzelman, Stanley TI Simulating irradiance during lunar eclipses: the spherically symmetric case SO APPLIED OPTICS LA English DT Article ID ASTRONOMICAL REFRACTION; GALILEAN SATELLITES; OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; AIR-MASS; PHOTOMETRY; ABSORPTION; AEROSOLS AB Irradiance during total lunar eclipses is simulated using a pinhole model. The Moon is illuminated by direct Sunlight that is refracted into the Earth's shadow as it passes through the atmosphere at the terminator but is depleted by scattering by molecules. extinction by aerosol particles, absorption by ozone, and obstruction by clouds and elevated land. On a spherical, sea-level Earth, and a cloudless, molecular atmosphere with no ozone, the eclipsed Moon appears red and calculated irradiance at the center of the umbra is reduced by a factor of about 2400 from direct moonlight. Selective absorption mainly of light around 600 nm by stratospheric ozone turns the periphery of the umbra pale blue. Typical distributions of aerosol particles, ozone, mountains, and clouds around the terminator reduce irradiance by an additional factor of the order of 100. (C) 2008 Optical Society of America C1 [Vollmer, Michael] Brandenburg Univ Appl Sci, Fachbereich Tech, Brandenburg, Germany. [David Gedzelman, Stanley] CUNY City Coll, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, New York, NY 10031 USA. [David Gedzelman, Stanley] CUNY City Coll, NOAA CREST Ctr, New York, NY 10031 USA. [David Gedzelman, Stanley] Univ Granada, Dept Opt, Granada, Spain. RP Vollmer, M (reprint author), Brandenburg Univ Appl Sci, Fachbereich Tech, Brandenburg, Germany. EM vollmer@fh-brandenburg.de; stan@sci.ccny.cuny.edu NR 31 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 0 PU OPTICAL SOC AMER PI WASHINGTON PA 2010 MASSACHUSETTS AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 1559-128X EI 2155-3165 J9 APPL OPTICS JI Appl. Optics PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 47 IS 34 BP H52 EP H61 DI 10.1364/AO.47.000H52 PG 10 WC Optics SC Optics GA 386BB UT WOS:000261856200009 PM 19037351 ER PT J AU Sunda, WG Hardison, DR AF Sunda, William G. Hardison, D. Ransom TI Contrasting seasonal patterns in dimethylsulfide, dimethylsulfoniopropionate, and chlorophyll a in a shallow North Carolina estuary and the Sargasso Sea SO AQUATIC MICROBIAL ECOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Dimethylsulfide; DMS; Dimethylsulfoniopropionate; DMSP; DMSP lyase; Phytoplankton; Chlorophyll a; Pigments; Nutrients; Seasonal patterns; Climate ID DMSP-LYASE ACTIVITY; MARINE-PHYTOPLANKTON; EMILIANIA-HUXLEYI; DISSOLVED DMSP; ATLANTIC OCEAN; VENICE LAGOON; WATERS; SULFIDE; NITROGEN; VARIABILITY AB Time series measurements of dimethylsulfide (DMS), particulate dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPp), chlorophyll a (chl a), algal pigments, major nutrients, and the potential activity of DMSP lyase enzymes were made over a 2 yr period (6 March 2003 to 28 March 2005) near the mouth of the shallow, tidally mixed Newport River estuary, North Carolina, USA, DMSPp had a mean of 43 +/- 20 nM (range = 10.5 to 141 nM, n = 85) and DMS a mean of 2.7 +/- 1.2 nM (range = 0.9 to 7.0 nM). The mean DMS in Gallants Channel was not significantly different from that measured in the Sargasso Sea near Bermuda during a previous 3 yr time series study (2.4 +/- 1.5 nM), despite there being a 43-fold higher mean chl a concentration (4.9 +/- 2.4 mu g l(-1)) at the coastal site. In winter, DMS was low and chl a was high in the surface waters of the Sargasso Sea, while the opposite was true at the coastal site, Consequently, DMS concentrations per unit algal chl a were on average 170 times higher in the Sargasso Sea than at the coastal site during the summer, but only 7 times higher during the winter. The much higher chl a-specific DMS concentrations at the oceanic site during the summer were linked to higher ratios of intracellular DMSP substrate and DMSP lyase enzyme per unit chl a, These differences in turn appear to be linked to large differences in nutrient concentrations and solar UV stress at the 2 sites and to associated differences in the composition of algal assemblages and physiological acclimation of algal cells. C1 [Sunda, William G.; Hardison, D. Ransom] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. RP Sunda, WG (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM bill.sunda@noaa.gov NR 51 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 4 PU INTER-RESEARCH PI OLDENDORF LUHE PA NORDBUNTE 23, D-21385 OLDENDORF LUHE, GERMANY SN 0948-3055 J9 AQUAT MICROB ECOL JI Aquat. Microb. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 53 IS 3 BP 281 EP 294 DI 10.3354/ame01255 PG 14 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Microbiology GA 397SV UT WOS:000262683300004 ER PT J AU Cho, KS Bong, SC Kim, YH Moon, YJ Dryer, M Shanmugaraju, A Lee, J Park, YD AF Cho, K. -S. Bong, S. -C. Kim, Y. -H. Moon, Y. -J. Dryer, M. Shanmugaraju, A. Lee, J. Park, Y. D. TI Low coronal observations of metric type II associated CMEs by MLSO coronameters SO ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE shock waves; Sun: coronal mass ejections (CMEs); Sun: radio radiation; Sun: corona ID EJECTION-ASSOCIATED SHOCK; WHITE-LIGHT OBSERVATIONS; SOLAR-FLARE MYTH; RADIO-BURSTS; MASS EJECTIONS; STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS; ORIGIN; WAVE; SIMULATION; TRANSIENTS AB Aims. We have investigated the relationship between coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and coronal type II radio bursts by using type II associated CMEs whose low coronal observations by MLSO MK coronameters (1.08-2.85 solar radii for MK4) were available. Methods. For this we considered all type II burst data at 17: 00 UT to 22: 00 UT from 1996 to 2003, and then compared them with CME images that were obtained during the same MLSO (Mauna Loa Solar Observatory) observing periods. As a result, we selected 19 type II associated CMEs whose kinematics are well identified. A relationship between CMEs and type IIs has been examined in terms of spatial and temporal closeness without any extrapolation of CME kinematics as well as in terms of CME-streamer interaction. Results. We found that: (1) except one event, all the metric type II events occur simultaneously or after the CME appearance in MK field of view within 30 min, mostly within 10 min after; (2) the distribution of height difference between the CME front and type II formation shows that there are double peaks, one at the CME fronts and the other at about 1 solar radius behind the front; (3) about half of the events (9/19) are identified to have CME-streamer interaction (seven streamer deflection and two overlapping), and the interaction heights are very similar to those of type II formation as well as their interaction times are nearly coincident with those of type II starting; (4) for the other events (10/19), the CME front heights at the starting time of type IIs are comparable to the heights of type II formation. Conclusions. Our low coronal observations of type II associated CMEs suggest that CME front and/or CME-streamer interaction at CME flank are two main mechanisms to generate type II bursts. C1 [Cho, K. -S.; Bong, S. -C.; Kim, Y. -H.; Park, Y. D.] Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. [Moon, Y. -J.] Kyung Hee Univ, Dept Astron & Space Sci, Yongin 446701, Kyungki Do, South Korea. [Dryer, M.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Dryer, M.] Explorat Phys Int Inc, Huntsville, AL USA. [Shanmugaraju, A.] Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Sch Phys, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India. [Shanmugaraju, A.] Madurai Kamaraj Univ, Sch Phys, Madurai 625021, Tamil Nadu, India. [Lee, J.] New Jersey Inst Technol, Ctr Solar Terr Res, Newark, NJ 07102 USA. RP Cho, KS (reprint author), Korea Astron & Space Sci Inst, Taejon 305348, South Korea. EM kscho@kasi.re.kr RI Moon, Yong-Jae/E-1711-2013 FU National Science Foundation (NSF); KASI; NASA [NAG-12527]; Korea Research Foundation [KRF-2005-070-C00059] FX We thank the anonymous referee for comments that helped to improve the manuscript. The Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO) is operated by the High Altitude Observatory (HAO), a division of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which is sponsored by the National Science Foundation (NSF). We greatly thank J. C. Chae and B. Joshi for their useful comments. This work has been supported by the "Development of Korean Space Weather Center", a project of KASI, and the KASI basic research fund. M. D. was supported by NASA's Living With a Star (LSW) Targeted Research and Development Program via NASA Grant NAG-12527; he also thanks the NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center for providing emeritus hospitality. YJM was supported by the Korea Research Foundation (KRF-2005-070-C00059) of the Korean government. NR 42 TC 32 Z9 35 U1 0 U2 4 PU EDP SCIENCES S A PI LES ULIS CEDEX A PA 17, AVE DU HOGGAR, PA COURTABOEUF, BP 112, F-91944 LES ULIS CEDEX A, FRANCE SN 0004-6361 J9 ASTRON ASTROPHYS JI Astron. Astrophys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 491 IS 3 BP 873 EP 882 DI 10.1051/0004-6361:20079013 PG 10 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 375ZS UT WOS:000261152900026 ER PT J AU Haszpra, L Barcza, Z Hidy, D Szilagyi, I Dlugokencky, E Tans, R AF Haszpra, L. Barcza, Z. Hidy, D. Szilagyi, I. Dlugokencky, E. Tans, R. TI Trends and temporal variations of major greenhouse gases at a rural site in Central Europe SO ATMOSPHERIC ENVIRONMENT LA English DT Article DE Carbon dioxide; Methane; Nitrous oxide; Sulfur hexafluoride; Temporal variation ID ATMOSPHERIC CARBON-DIOXIDE; CO2; METHANE; SYSTEM; AIR; SF6 AB In this study the trends and temporal variations of four major greenhouse gases (CO(2), CH(4), N(2)O, SF(6)) measured at Hegyhatsal, Hungary, are analyzed. The long term trends observed closely follow the global tendencies. The relatively small positive offset can be attributed to the European anthropogenic sources. The seasonal cycles are basically governed by that in the atmospheric mixing, however, in the case Of CO(2) and N(2)O it is also modulated by the temporal variation in the biological activity. A secondary Maximum in SF(6) mixing ratio in summer may indicate the additional contribution of the seasonally changing circulation pattern. The daily cycles are dominated by the diurnal variation in the vertical mixing of the atmosphere. However, in the case Of CO(2) the diurnal cycle in the biospheric uptake/release is the governing process, especially in the growing season. The lack of diurnal cycle in the mixing ratio of the exclusively anthropogenic SF(6) indicates that there is no notable anthropogenic activity in the influence area of the station, which also means that Hegyhatsal can be considered to be a rural monitoring site as free from direct anthropogenic pollution as it is possible in Central Europe. It is demonstrated that the diurnal covariance between the mixing ratios and the vertical mixing at a mid-continental, low elevation site has to be taken into account, and properly handled, in the dispersion models, otherwise the results may be distorted. The collocated measurement of greenhouse gases of different origin Could potentially help modelers to improve the boundary layer representation and horizontal diffusion simulation in the three dimensional atmospheric transport models. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Haszpra, L.] Hungarian Meteorol Serv, H-1675 Budapest, Hungary. [Barcza, Z.] Eotvos Lorand Univ, Dept Meteorol, H-1119 Budapest, Hungary. [Hidy, D.] Szent Istvan Univ, Inst Bot & Ecophysiol, H-2103 Godollo, Hungary. [Szilagyi, I.] Hungarian Acad Sci, Chem Res Ctr, H-1025 Budapest, Hungary. [Dlugokencky, E.; Tans, R.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Haszpra, L (reprint author), Hungarian Meteorol Serv, POB 39, H-1675 Budapest, Hungary. EM haszpra.1@met.hu RI Barcza, Zoltan/G-3880-2014 OI Barcza, Zoltan/0000-0002-1278-0636 FU Hungarian Scientific Research [OTKA T042941]; European Commission [AEROCARB-EVK2-CT-1999-00013, EVK2-CT-2002-00163, GOCE-CT-2003-505572] FX The authors thank Pat Lang, Tom Conway and Molly Heller at NOAA ESRL Carbon Cycle and Greenhouse Gases group for the analyses and logistics of the flask samples. The authors especially thank Kirk Thoning, also at NOAA ESRL CCGG, for the CCGCRV data analysis software used in this study for the determination of the long term trends and seasonal variations. The monitoring program at Hegyhatsal was Supported by the Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA T042941), as well as by the 5th and 6th R + D Framework Programme of the European Commission (AEROCARB-EVK2-CT-1999-00013, CHIOTTO - EVK2-CT-2002-00163, CarboEurope-IP - GOCE-CT-2003-505572). NR 33 TC 31 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 11 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 1352-2310 J9 ATMOS ENVIRON JI Atmos. Environ. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 42 IS 38 BP 8707 EP 8716 DI 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.012 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 383CL UT WOS:000261651600001 ER PT J AU Viricel, A Strand, AE Rosel, PE Ridoux, V Garcia, P AF Viricel, Amelia Strand, Allan E. Rosel, Patricia E. Ridoux, Vincent Garcia, Pascale TI Insights on common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) social organization from genetic analysis of a mass-stranded pod SO BEHAVIORAL ECOLOGY AND SOCIOBIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Social structure; Relatedness; Sex segregation; Mitochondrial DNA; Microsatellites ID BOTTLE-NOSED DOLPHINS; PORPOISE PHOCOENA-PHOCOENA; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; SEXUAL SEGREGATION; MITOCHONDRIAL-DNA; MICROSATELLITE MARKERS; TURSIOPS-TRUNCATUS; WHALES; RELATEDNESS; ATLANTIC AB Compared to terrestrial mammals, little is known of cetacean social systems as they are generally less accessible to behavioral investigations due to their aquatic environment. The present study investigates group structure of the pelagic common dolphin, Delphinus delphis, using genetic markers. Tissue samples from 52 individuals representing a recent live mass-stranding event were compared to 42 single strandings taken from presumably different groups. The mass-stranding event occurred in 2002 on the French coast of the English Channel, whereas the single strandings were collected between 1993 and 2003 along the western coast of France ( Bay of Biscay and English Channel). Analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region sequences indicated that genetic variability within the mass-stranded pod was similar to variability observed in single strandings. The mass-stranded group was composed of 41 different mitochondrial haplotypes or matrilines while the single strandings revealed 29 different haplotypes. Analysis of 11 microsatellite loci revealed that average relatedness of the mass-stranded pod was not different from average relatedness among all single strandings suggesting that individuals within the group had no closer kin relationships than animals taken from presumably different groups. These results do not support a matriarchal system and suggest that common dolphins constituting a pod are not necessarily genetically related. C1 [Viricel, Amelia] Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. [Viricel, Amelia; Strand, Allan E.] Coll Charleston, Dept Biol, Grice Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Viricel, Amelia; Ridoux, Vincent; Garcia, Pascale] ULR CNRS, LIENSs, UMR 6250, F-17071 La Rochelle, France. [Rosel, Patricia E.] NOAA, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fisheries Serv, Lafayette, LA 70506 USA. RP Viricel, A (reprint author), Univ SW Louisiana, Dept Biol, POB 42451, Lafayette, LA 70504 USA. EM viricel@louisiana.edu OI Garcia, Pascale/0000-0001-8488-6061 FU European program NECESSITY; Centre de Recherche sur les Mammiferes Marins; Lerner-Gray Memorial Fund of the American Museum of Natural History; Slocum Lunz Foundation; College of Charleston FX CITES exportation and importation permits were obtained to import DNA samples from France to the United States ( permit numbers: FR-04-017-00104-E and 04US694250/9). Funding was provided by the European program NECESSITY, the Centre de Recherche sur les Mammiferes Marins, the Lerner-Gray Memorial Fund of the American Museum of Natural History, the Slocum Lunz Foundation, and the College of Charleston. Eric Pante, Vanessa Becquet-Buren, and Benoit Simon-Bouhet provided help with the laboratory work. Eric Pante helped with computer simulations. Melissa Hughes, Wayne McFee, and Eric Pante improved an earlier version of the manuscript. We thank the members of the Centre de Recherche sur les Mammiferes Marins who collected the tissue samples. All experiments conducted in this study complied with the current laws of France and the United States. NR 75 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 2 U2 21 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0340-5443 J9 BEHAV ECOL SOCIOBIOL JI Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 63 IS 2 BP 173 EP 185 DI 10.1007/s00265-008-0648-7 PG 13 WC Behavioral Sciences; Ecology; Zoology SC Behavioral Sciences; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Zoology GA 387LZ UT WOS:000261955000002 ER PT J AU Zhao, XJ Barlow, J Taylor, BL Pitman, RL Wang, KX Wei, Z Stewart, BS Turvey, ST Akamatsu, T Reeves, RR Wang, D AF Zhao, Xiujiang Barlow, Jay Taylor, Barbara L. Pitman, Robert L. Wang, Kexiong Wei, Zhuo Stewart, Brent S. Turvey, Samuel T. Akamatsu, Tomonari Reeves, Randall R. Wang, Ding TI Abundance and conservation status of the Yangtze finless porpoise in the Yangtze River, China SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE River cetacean; Distribution; Endangered; Finless porpoise; (Neophocaena phocaenoides); Line transect ID NEOPHOCAENA-PHOCAENOIDES-ASIAEORIENTALIS; SOTALIA-FLUVIATILIS; INIA-GEOFFRENSIS; BANGLADESH; CETACEANS; DOLPHINS; AMAZON; BAIJI AB middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, China. It is the only freshwater population of porpoises in the world and is currently listed as Endangered by IUCN. In November and December 2006 we used two boats and line transect methods to survey the entire current range of the population, except for two lakes (Poyang and Dongting). Sighting results were similar for both boats, so we pooled all data and analyzed them using two line transect models and a strip transect model. All models produced similar estimates of abundance (1111, 1225 and 1000). We then added independent estimates of the number of porpoises from the two lakes for a total estimate of approximately 1800 porpoises. Our findings indicate that the population continues to decline and that its distribution is becoming more fragmented. Our current estimate in the main river is slightly less than half the estimate from surveys between 1984 and 1991 (which was probably an underestimate). We also found an apparent gap in the distribution of porpoises between Yueyang and Shishou (similar to 150 km), where sightings had previously been common. Continued threats to Yangtze finless porpoises include bycatch in unregulated and unselective fishing, habitat degradation through dredging, pollution and noise, vessel strikes and water development. Immediate protective measures are urgently needed to ensure the persistence of finless porpoises in the Yangtze River. The survey design and analytical methods developed in this study might be appropriate for surveys of cetaceans in other river systems. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhao, Xiujiang; Wang, Kexiong; Wei, Zhuo; Wang, Ding] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. [Zhao, Xiujiang] Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Sch, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China. [Barlow, Jay; Taylor, Barbara L.; Pitman, Robert L.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Stewart, Brent S.] Hubbs SeaWorld Res Inst, San Diego, CA 92109 USA. [Turvey, Samuel T.] Zool Soc London, Inst Zool, London NW1 4RY, England. [Akamatsu, Tomonari] Fisheries Res Agcy, NRIFE, Kamisu, Ibaraki 3140408, Japan. [Reeves, Randall R.] Okapi Wildlife Associates, Hudson, PQ J0P 1H0, Canada. RP Wang, D (reprint author), Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Hydrobiol, Wuhan 430072, Peoples R China. EM zhaoxj@ihb.ac.cn; Jay.Barlow@noaa.gov; Barbara.Taylor@noaa.gov; Robert.Pitman@noaa.gov; wangk@ihb.ac.cn; weizhuo@ihb.ac.cn; bstewart@hswri.org; samuel.turvey@ioz.ac.uk; akamatsu@affrc.go.jp; rrreeves@okapis.ca; wangd@ihb.ac.cn FU National Basic Research Program of China [2007CB411600]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [30730018] FX The survey was co-organized by the Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, the Administrative Committee of Changjiang Fisheries Resource of the Ministry of Agriculture of China, and the baiji.org Foundation. The survey could not have happened without the generous funding and in-kind support provided by SeaWorld-Busch Conservation Fund, Budweiser Wuhan, Anheuser-Busch Inc., SGS, DEZA, BAFU, Manfred Hermsen Stiftung Foundation, US. NOAA Fisheries, the US. Marine Mammal Commission, the Ocean Park Conservation Foundation, Hubbs-SeaWorld Research Institute and the Hubbs Society. We thank all the multi-national observers who participated in the survey and all the crew members of the two survey boats. We especially thank A. Pfluger, L. Barrett, M. Richlen, J. Brandon, T. Pusser, D. Jokiel, X. Zhang, X. Wang, S. Dong and A. Hickey for their help and T. J. Moore (SWFSC) for assisting with GIS analyses. National Basic Research Program of China (2007CB411600) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (30730018) supported this research. NR 63 TC 60 Z9 77 U1 9 U2 54 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 EI 1873-2917 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 141 IS 12 BP 3006 EP 3018 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.09.005 PG 13 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381ZR UT WOS:000261574900009 ER PT J AU Hamel, NJ Parrish, JK Laake, J AF Hamel, Nathalie J. Parrish, Julia K. Laake, Jeff TI Linking colonies to fisheries: Spatio-temporal overlap between common murres (Uria aalge) from Tatoosh Island and coastal gillnet fisheries in the Pacific Northwest, USA SO BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION LA English DT Article DE Bycatch; Driftnet fisheries; Guillemots; Mark-recapture; Multistrata models; Telemetry ID ALBATROSSES DIOMEDEA-EXULANS; LONGLINE FISHERY; RECAPTURE MODELS; SEABIRD BYCATCH; MARINE BIRDS; CONSERVATION; MANAGEMENT; TRANSMITTERS; MITIGATION; DISPERSAL AB The population-level impact of seabird bycatch is difficult to assess because colony-of-origin is often unknown. As an alternative and complementary approach to ship-derived observations, we assessed the relative potential for bycatch of a known seabird population by quantifying spatio-temporal overlap with local fisheries. Common murres (Uria aalge) have been reported as the most abundant seabird inadvertently caught in Washington and British Columbia coastal gillnet fisheries. In 1999-2001, we tracked 48 common murres from Tatoosh Island, the closest colony to the fisheries, during post-breeding. Using capture-mark-recapture models, we estimated weekly murre movement probabilities to/from three strata (offshore of, centered around, and inshore of Tatoosh Island). Based on movement probabilities and population size, we projected strata- and week-specific murre abundance. We created an index of overlap by calculating the product of murre abundance x gillnet fishing effort as a function of strata and time. The majority of murres (80%) moved inshore, where fishing effort was consistently the highest, suggesting that up to 4000 Tatoosh murres were vulnerable to bycatch. Index scores in the inshore stratum were 5-25 times higher relative to the offshore and Tatoosh strata, respectively. Overlap was sensitive to phenology, as index scores increased by 50% when dispersal was shifted four weeks earlier, while a two weeks delay decreased scores by 20%. Until the long-term impact of cumulative mortality in gillnet fisheries is determined, we believe a precautionary approach is warranted in the inshore stratum where the potential for bycatch was highest. We advocate the use of visible netting in inshore fisheries, a proven solution that reduces murre bycatch while maintaining fishing efficiency. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hamel, Nathalie J.; Parrish, Julia K.] Univ Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Laake, Jeff] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Hamel, NJ (reprint author), Univ Washington, Box 355020, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM nhamel@u.washington.edu; jparrish@u.washington.edu; jeff.laake@noaa.gov FU Washington Sea [NA76RG0019, R/F-131]; Pacific Northwest Coastal Ecosystem Regional Study [NA960P0238] FX This study was funded by Washington Sea Grant (award no. NA76RG0019, project R/F-131) and Pacific Northwest Coastal Ecosystem Regional Study (PNCERS; grant no. NA960P0238). The School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington provided scholarships to N. Hamel. We thank L. Hoines and S. Boessow at WDFW, and L. Hop Wo and L. Keary and J. Mitchell at DFO for supplying fisheries data. We also thank J. Huckabee, D. Deghetto and staff at the Wildlife Department at PAWS, and S. Newman and R. Whitney for lending their tagging expertise. We acknowledge K. Warheit from the WDFW for sexing analyses, and Rite Bros, Inc. for their piloting experience during aerial tracking. We are also are grateful to S. Zador, B. Chasco, J. Smith, P. Wade, E. Melvin, P. Hodum, D. Hyrenbach, K. Morgan, J. Dolliver, C. French, E. Hagen, B. Harms, J. Scuzs and I. Ortiz for lending their expertise in the field, in the lab, or for reviewing drafts of this manuscript. Finally, we thank the anonymous reviewers who offered many helpful comments. This research was approved by University of Washington Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, the US Fish and Wildlife Service and the WDFW. NR 81 TC 3 Z9 5 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0006-3207 J9 BIOL CONSERV JI Biol. Conserv. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 141 IS 12 BP 3101 EP 3115 DI 10.1016/j.biocon.2008.09.015 PG 15 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology; Environmental Sciences SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 381ZR UT WOS:000261574900018 ER PT J AU Bersine, K Brenneis, VEF Draheim, RC Rub, AMW Zamon, JE Litton, RK Hinton, SA Sytsma, MD Cordell, JR Chapman, JW AF Bersine, Karen Brenneis, Valance E. F. Draheim, Robyn C. Rub, A. Michelle Wargo Zamon, Jeannette E. Litton, Rodney K. Hinton, Susan A. Sytsma, Mark D. Cordell, Jeffery R. Chapman, John W. TI Distribution of the invasive New Zealand mudsnail (Potamopyrgus antipodarum) in the Columbia River Estuary and its first recorded occurrence in the diet of juvenile Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) SO BIOLOGICAL INVASIONS LA English DT Article DE Benthic invertebrate; Chinook salmon; Columbia River; Diet; Estuary; Food web; Invasive species; New Zealand mudsnail; Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; Potamopyrgus antipodarum ID ASSEMBLAGES; SNAILS; FISH AB Estuaries play an important role as nurseries and migration corridors for Chinook salmon and other fishes. The invasive New Zealand mudsnail, Potamopyrgus antipodarum (Gray, 1843), has been noted in the Columbia River Estuary and other estuaries in the western USA, yet no studies have addressed the estuarine impacts of this invader. Our data show P. antipodarum is currently found in five peripheral bays and many tributaries of the Columbia River Estuary, where it can constitute a major portion of the benthic invertebrate biomass and where it co-occurs with native amphipod species. We review the history of the P. antipodarum invasion in the Columbia River Estuary and discuss potential impacts on estuarine food webs. We also report the first occurrence of P. antipodarum in the diet of juvenile Chinook salmon from the Columbia River Estuary. Although present in Chinook diets at very low frequencies, our observations of P. antipodarum in Chinook gut contents may represent early stages of food web change due to the establishment of dense estuarine snail populations. Additional research is needed to determine the effects of P. antipodarum on benthic resources, native benthic invertebrates, and benthic predators. We encourage biologists working in western USA estuaries to be alert to the possibility of encountering P. antipodarum in benthic habitats and predator diets. C1 [Bersine, Karen; Zamon, Jeannette E.] NOAA Fisheries Point Adams Res Stn, Clatsop Community Coll Fisheries Intern Program, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. [Brenneis, Valance E. F.] Univ Calif Davis, Dept Environm Sci & Policy, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Draheim, Robyn C.; Sytsma, Mark D.] Portland State Univ, Ctr Lakes & Reservoirs, Portland, OR 97207 USA. [Litton, Rodney K.] Clatsop Cty Fisheries, Astoria, OR 97103 USA. [Cordell, Jeffery R.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Chapman, John W.] Oregon State Univ, Hatfield Marine Sci Ctr, Newport, OR 97365 USA. RP Zamon, JE (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries Point Adams Res Stn, Clatsop Community Coll Fisheries Intern Program, POB 155, Hammond, OR 97121 USA. EM jen.zamon@noaa.gov RI Sytsma, Mark/B-2746-2013 FU United States Army Corps of Engineers; United States Coast Guard; United States Fish and Wildlife Service to Portland State University (RD); National Science Foundation (VB) FX We thank C. Roegner, P. Bentley, R. McNatt, R. Nelson, G. McCabe, and other staff at Pt. Adams Research Station for maintaining field collections of salmon during this project. The manuscript was improved by critique from D. Bottom, B. Feist, and E. Casillas. This work was supported by funding from the United States Army Corps of Engineers (Portland District) to NOAA Fisheries (JEZ, KB) and from the United States Coast Guard and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service to Portland State University (RD) and by the National Science Foundation (VB). NR 27 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 2 U2 15 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-3547 J9 BIOL INVASIONS JI Biol. Invasions PD DEC PY 2008 VL 10 IS 8 BP 1381 EP 1388 DI 10.1007/s10530-007-9213-y PG 8 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Ecology SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 363ZT UT WOS:000260306700019 ER PT J AU Bajaj, D Nazari, A Eidelman, N Arola, DD AF Bajaj, Devendra Nazari, Ahmad Eidelman, Naomi Arola, Dwayne D. TI A comparison of fatigue crack growth in human enamel and hydroxyapatite SO BIOMATERIALS LA English DT Article DE Decussation; Enamel; Fatigue; Hydroxyapatite; Toughening mechanisms ID HUMAN CORTICAL BONE; HUMAN DENTAL ENAMEL; IN-VITRO FATIGUE; MECHANICAL-PROPERTIES; HUMAN-TEETH; BEHAVIOR; FRACTURE; TOOTH; INDENTATION; ENVIRONMENT AB Cracks and craze lines are often observed in the enamel of human teeth, but they rarely cause tooth fracture. The present study evaluates fatigue crack growth in human enamel, and compares that to the fatigue response of sintered hydroxyapatite (HAp) with similar crystallinity, chemistry and density. Miniature inset compact tension (CT) specimens were prepared that embodied a small piece of enamel (N = 8) or HAp (N = 6). The specimens were subjected to mode I cyclic loads and the steady state crack growth responses were modeled using the Paris Law, Results showed that the fatigue crack growth exponent (m) for enamel (m = 7.7 +/- 1.0) was similar to that for HAp (m = 7.9 +/- 1.4), whereas the crack growth coefficient (C) for enamel (C = 8.7E-04 (mm/cycle) x (MPa m(0.5))(-m)) was significantly lower (p < 0.0001) than that for HAp (C = 2.0E +/- 00 (mm/cycle) x (MPa m(0.5)) (m)). Micrographs of the fracture Surfaces showed that crack growth in the enamel occurred primarily along the prism boundaries. In regions of decussation, the microstructure promoted microcracking, crack bridging, crack deflection and crack bifurcation. Working in concert, these mechanisms increased the crack growth resistance and resulted in a sensitivity to crack growth (m) similar to bone and lower than that of human dentin. These mechanisms of toughening were not observed in the crack growth response of the sintered HAp. While enamel is the most highly mineralized tissue of the human body, the microstructural arrangement of the prisms promotes exceptional resistance to crack growth. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Bajaj, Devendra; Nazari, Ahmad; Arola, Dwayne D.] Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. [Eidelman, Naomi] NIST, Amer Dent Assoc Hlth Fdn, Paffenbarger Res Ctr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Arola, Dwayne D.] Univ Maryland, Baltimore Coll Dent Surg, Dept Endodont Prosthodont & Operat Dent, Baltimore, MD 21201 USA. RP Arola, DD (reprint author), Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, Dept Mech Engn, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA. EM darola@umbc.edu RI Bajaj, Devendra/C-9731-2010 FU NIDCR NIH HHS [DE016904, R01 DE016904, R01 DE016904-02] NR 37 TC 38 Z9 38 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0142-9612 J9 BIOMATERIALS JI Biomaterials PD DEC PY 2008 VL 29 IS 36 BP 4847 EP 4854 DI 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2008.08.019 PG 8 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Materials Science, Biomaterials SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 372YV UT WOS:000260939100016 PM 18804277 ER PT J AU Serrell, DB Law, J Slifka, AJ Mahajan, RL Finch, DS AF Serrell, David B. Law, Jera Slifka, Andrew J. Mahajan, Roop L. Finch, Dudley S. TI A uniaxial bioMEMS device for imaging single cell response during quantitative force-displacement measurements SO BIOMEDICAL MICRODEVICES LA English DT Article DE actin; bioMEMS; fibroblasts; micro-fabricated; single-cell ID LIVING CELLS; CYTOSKELETON; VISCOELASTICITY; MECHANICS; FIBROBLASTS; VISCOSITY; DYNAMICS; SURFACES; TENSION; STRAIN AB A microfabricated device has been developed for imaging of a single, adherent cell while quantifying force under an applied displacement. The device works in a fashion similar to that of a displacement-controlled uniaxial tensile machine. The device was calibrated using a tipless atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever and shows excellent agreement with the calculated spring constant. A step input was applied to a single, adherent fibroblast cell and the viscoelastic response was characterized with a mechanical model. The adherent fibroblast was imaged by use of epifluorescence and phase contrast techniques. C1 [Serrell, David B.; Law, Jera; Slifka, Andrew J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Serrell, David B.] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Mahajan, Roop L.; Finch, Dudley S.] Virginia Polytech Inst & State Univ, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA. RP Serrell, DB (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.serrell@colorado.edu NR 44 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1387-2176 EI 1572-8781 J9 BIOMED MICRODEVICES JI Biomed. Microdevices PD DEC PY 2008 VL 10 IS 6 BP 883 EP 889 DI 10.1007/s10544-008-9202-7 PG 7 WC Engineering, Biomedical; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics GA 348YQ UT WOS:000259246400012 PM 18648937 ER PT J AU Conn, PB Diefenbach, DR Laake, JL Ternent, MA White, GC AF Conn, Paul B. Diefenbach, Duane R. Laake, Jeffrey L. Ternent, Mark A. White, Gary C. TI Bayesian Analysis of Wildlife Age-at-Harvest Data SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Abundance; Age-at-harvest; Black bear; Cohort model; Mark-recovery model; Recruitment; State-space model; Survival ID ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; POPULATION; CATCH; DYNAMICS; MODELS; RECOVERY AB State and federal natural resource management agencies often collect age-structured harvest data. These data represent finite realizations of stochastic demographic and sampling processes and have long been used by biologists to infer population trends. However, different sources of data have been combined in ad hoc ways and these methods usually failed to incorporate sampling error. In this article, we propose a "hidden process" (or state-space) model for estimating abundance, survival, recovery rate, and recruitment from age-at-harvest data that incorporate both demographic and sampling stochasticity. To this end, a likelihood for age-at-harvest data is developed by embedding a population dynamics model within a model for the sampling process. Under this framework, the identification of abundance parameters can be achieved by conducting a joint analysis with an auxiliary data set. We illustrate this approach by conducting a Bayesian analysis of age-at-harvest and mark-recovery data from black bears (Ursus americanus) in Pennsylvania. Using a set of reasonable prior distributions, we demonstrate a substantial increase in precision when posterior summaries of abundance are compared to a bias-corrected Lincoln-Petersen estimator. Because demographic processes link consecutive abundance estimates, we also obtain a more realistic biological picture of annual changes in abundance. Because age-at-harvest data are often readily obtained, we argue that this type of analysis provides a valuable strategy for wildlife population monitoring. C1 [Conn, Paul B.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Diefenbach, Duane R.] Penn State Univ, US Geol Survey, Penn Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Laake, Jeffrey L.] Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [White, Gary C.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Ternent, Mark A.] Penn Game Commiss, Harrisburg, PA 17110 USA. [Conn, Paul B.] Colorado State Univ, Dept Fish Wildlife & Conservat Biol, Colorado Cooperat Fish & Wildlife Res Unit, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. RP Conn, PB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM Paul.Conn@noaa.gov FU Colorado Division of Wildlife; NSF-IGERT [DGE-0221595003] FX We thank the PGC and the numerous personnel who gathered data on black bears. Funding for the first author was provided by the Colorado Division of Wildlife and by NSF-IGERT grant DGE-0221595003. Comments and suggestions from K. P. Burnham, P. F. Doherty Jr., and two anonymous reviewers greatly enhanced the content of this article. NR 30 TC 11 Z9 12 U1 1 U2 25 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 2008 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1170 EP 1177 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.00987.x PG 8 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 374OV UT WOS:000261054500019 PM 18266894 ER PT J AU Miller, TJ Andersen, PK AF Miller, Timothy J. Andersen, Per K. TI A Finite-State Continuous-Time Approach for Inferring Regional Migration and Mortality Rates from Archival Tagging and Conventional Tag-Recovery Experiments SO BIOMETRICS LA English DT Article DE Finite-state continuous-time process; Implanted archival tag; Markov process; Pop-up satellite archival tag; Spatially structured population; Tag-recovery ID ATLANTIC BLUEFIN TUNA; ESTIMATING ANIMAL ABUNDANCE; CAPTURE-RECAPTURE; MULTISTATE MODELS; MOVEMENT; POPULATION; LIKELIHOOD; PARAMETERS; FISH AB Spatially structured population dynamics models are important management tools for harvested, highly mobile species and although conventional tag recovery experiments remain useful for estimation of various demographic parameters of these models, archival tagging experiments are becoming an important data source for analyzing migratory behavior of mobile marine species. We provide a likelihood-based approach for estimating the regional migration and mortality rate parameters intrinsic to these models that may use information obtained from conventional tag recovery and archival tagging experiments. Specifically, we assume that the regional location and survival of animals through time is a finite-state continuous-time stochastic process. The stochastic process is the basis of probability models for observations provided by the different types of tags. Results from application to simulated tagging experiments for western Atlantic bluefin tuna show that maximum likelihood estimators based on archival tagging observations and corresponding confidence intervals perform similar to conventional tagging observations for a given number of tag releases and releasing tags in each region can improve the behavior of maximum likelihood estimators regardless of tag type. We provide an example application with Atlantic bluefin tuna released with conventional tags in 1990-1992. C1 [Andersen, Per K.] Univ Copenhagen, Dept Biostat, DK-1014 Copenhagen, Denmark. [Miller, Timothy J.] Univ New Hampshire, Dept Zool, Large Pelag Res Ctr, Durham, NH 03824 USA. RP Miller, TJ (reprint author), NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM timothy.j.miller@noaa.gov FU NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service [NA04NMF4550391] FX We thank Daniel Commenges, Andy Cooper, Andy Rosenberg, and John Sibert for productive discussions on ideas involved in this work and Victor Restrepo and Papa Kebe at ICCAT for help with conventional tagging data. We also thank Carl Schwarz for providing helpful comments on an early draft and a referee and associate editor who also provided comments that improved this manuscript. This work was generously funded by contract NA04NMF4550391 awarded to M. Lutcavage by NOAA National Marine Fisheries Service. NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 7 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0006-341X J9 BIOMETRICS JI Biometrics PD DEC PY 2008 VL 64 IS 4 BP 1196 EP 1206 DI 10.1111/j.1541-0420.2008.00996.x PG 11 WC Biology; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Statistics & Probability SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics; Mathematical & Computational Biology; Mathematics GA 374OV UT WOS:000261054500022 PM 18325073 ER PT J AU Ramprakash, J Schwarz, FP AF Ramprakash, Jayanthi Schwarz, Frederick P. TI Energetic contributions to the initiation of transcription in E-coli SO BIOPHYSICAL CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Differential scanning calorimetry; DNA; Isothermal titration calorimetry; Promoters; RNA polymerase; Thermodynamics; Transcription ID DEPENDENT RNA-POLYMERASE; HYBRIDIZATION REACTIONS; PROMOTER; DNA; PROTEINS; PURIFICATION; TEMPERATURE; ACTIVATION; SEQUENCES; STRENGTH AB The thermodynamics of RNA polymerase (RNAP) binding to a 108 base pair (bp) synthetic promoter with consensus sequences at the -35 and -10 bp binding regions upstream from the transcription start point were determined using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The binding constant at 25 degrees C is 2.37 +/- 0.18 x 10(7) M(-1), which is reduced to 0.17 +/- 0.06 x 10(7) M(-1) with mutations in the -10 bp region but remained the same with mutations in the -35 binding region. The binding reactions were enthalpically-driven with exothermic binding enthalpies ranging from -57 +/- 6 kJ mol(-1) at 15 degrees C to -271 +/- 20 kJ mol(-1) at 35 degrees C yielding a large binding heat capacity change of -10.7 +/- 1.9 kJ mol(-1) K(-1), indicating a conformational change upon binding to the RNAR Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) scans of the thermal unfolding of RNAP and the promoter-RNAP complex exhibited an unfolding transition at 55.5 +/- 0.6 degrees C and at 58.9 +/- 0.5 degrees C for the RNAP but only one transition at 60.5 +/- 1.1 degrees C for the complex with van't Hoff enthalpy to transition enthalpy ratios of. resp., 3.2 +/- 0.3 and 4.3 +/- 0.5. The single transition of the complex results from a shift to 60.5 degrees C of the low temperature transition upon promoter binding to the structural unit unfolding at the lower temperature in RNAP. The large transition enthalpy ratios indicate that the sigma, alpha, alpha, beta and beta' subunits unfold as almost independent entities. The dissociation thermodynamics of short transcription "bubble" duplexes of 7 promoters sequenced from -1 to -12 bp were determined from ITC and DSC measurements. The free energy change of the promoter binding to the RNAP and the free energy requirement for formation of the transcription bubble at the low promoter concentrations in the cell are sufficient to drive the initiation of transcription through the isomerization of the closed to the open form step of the RNAP-promoter complex. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Ramprakash, Jayanthi; Schwarz, Frederick P.] NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Schwarz, FP (reprint author), NIST, Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. EM fred@carb.nist.gov NR 31 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0301-4622 J9 BIOPHYS CHEM JI Biophys. Chem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 138 IS 3 BP 91 EP 98 DI 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.09.007 PG 8 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry, Physical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Biophysics; Chemistry GA 378TI UT WOS:000261346400004 PM 18834656 ER PT J AU Carvan, MJ Incardona, JP Rise, ML AF Carvan, Michael J., III Incardona, John P. Rise, Matthew L. TI Meeting the Challenges of Aquatic Vertebrate Ecotoxicology SO BIOSCIENCE LA English DT Article DE ecotoxicology; zebrafish; biomarkers; comparative transcriptomics ID FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; GENE-EXPRESSION ANALYSIS; CUSTOM CDNA MICROARRAY; RAINBOW-TROUT; EUROPEAN FLOUNDER; STRESS-RESPONSE; OLIGONUCLEOTIDE MICROARRAYS; SUBTRACTIVE HYBRIDIZATION AB The field of ecotoxicology uses biomarkers to assess lite health of populations of sentinel organisms and to determine risk associated with environmental chemicals. The tools Of modern biology are being used to develop promising new states of biomarkers that must be rigorously tested and validated within a comprehensive mechanistic understanding of how toxic chemicals in the environment influence basic physiology and behavior The zebrafish is a well-established laboratory model organism with a well-equipped molecular toolbox for basic biology and biomedicine with logical applications in ecotoxicology, As a model organism for ecotoxicology, the zebrafish can be used to develop mechanistic models of gene-environment interactions that will provide a foundation for the development of genomic resources in other fish species. Integration of mechanistic molecular data from multiple fish species will lead to the development of integrated dynamic models that will enable better diagnosis and treatment of environmental disease and improved ecological risk assessments. C1 [Carvan, Michael J., III] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. [Incardona, John P.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Environm Conservat Div, Seattle, WA USA. [Rise, Matthew L.] Mem Univ Newfoundland, Ctr Ocean Sci, St John, NF, Canada. RP Carvan, MJ (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. EM carvanmj@uwm.edu NR 76 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 7 U2 22 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0006-3568 EI 1525-3244 J9 BIOSCIENCE JI Bioscience PD DEC PY 2008 VL 58 IS 11 BP 1015 EP 1025 DI 10.1641/B581105 PG 11 WC Biology SC Life Sciences & Biomedicine - Other Topics GA 384CA UT WOS:000261720200005 ER PT J AU Restrepo, P Jorgensen, DP Cannon, SH Costa, J Laber, J Major, J Martner, B Purpura, J Werner, K AF Restrepo, Pedro Jorgensen, David P. Cannon, Susan H. Costa, John Laber, Jayme Major, Jon Martner, Brooks Purpura, Jim Werner, Kevin TI Joint NOAA/NWS/USGS Prototype Debris Flow Warning System for Recently Burned Areas in Southern California SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT News Item C1 [Restrepo, Pedro] NOAA, NWS, Off Hydrol Dev, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Jorgensen, David P.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, OAR, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Cannon, Susan H.] USGS, Golden, CO USA. [Costa, John; Major, Jon] USGS, Vancouver, WA USA. [Laber, Jayme] NOAA, NWS, WSFO Oxnard, Oxnard, CA USA. [Martner, Brooks] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Martner, Brooks] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Purpura, Jim] NOAA, NWS, San Diego, CA USA. [Werner, Kevin] NOAA, NWS, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Restrepo, P (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv W OH, SSMC-2 Room 8176,1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM pedro.restrepo@noaa.gov OI Major, Jon/0000-0003-2449-4466 NR 16 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 89 IS 12 BP 1845 EP 1851 DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2416.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 389KH UT WOS:000262090800005 ER PT J AU Maturi, E Harris, A Merchant, C Mittaz, J Potash, B Meng, W Sapper, J AF Maturi, Eileen Harris, Andy Merchant, Chris Mittaz, Jon Potash, Bob Meng, Wen Sapper, John TI NOAA'S SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE PRODUCTS FROM OPERATIONAL GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID GOES-8; RETRIEVAL; IMAGERY AB NOAA's National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS) has generated sea surface temperature (SST) products from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)East (E) and GOES-West (W) on an operational basis since December 2000. Since that time, a process of continual development has produced steady improvements in product accuracy. Recent improvements extended the capability to permit generation of operational SST retrievals from the Japanese Multifunction Transport Satellite (MTSAT)-1R and the European Meteosat Second Generation (MSG) satellite, thereby extending spatial coverage. The four geostationary satellites (at longitudes of 75 degrees W, 135 degrees W, 140 degrees E, and 0 degrees) provide high temporal SST retrievals for most of the tropics and midlatitudes, with the exception of a region between similar to 60 degrees and similar to 80 degrees E. Because of ongoing development, the quality of these retrievals now approaches that of SST products from the polar-orbiting Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). These products from GOES provide hourly regional imagery, 3-hourly hemispheric imagery, 24-h merged composites, a GOES SST level 2 preprocessed product every 1/2 h for each hemisphere, and a match-up data file for each product. The MTSAT and the MSG products include hourly, 3-hourly, and 24-h merged composites. These products provide the user community with a reliable source of SST observations, with improved accuracy and increased coverage in important oceanographic, meteorological, and climatic regions. (Page 1877) C1 [Maturi, Eileen] NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Harris, Andy; Mittaz, Jon] Univ Maryland, Cooperat Inst Climate Studies, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Merchant, Chris] Univ Edinburgh, Inst Atmospher & Environm Sci, Edinburgh, Midlothian, Scotland. [Potash, Bob; Meng, Wen] Perot Syst, Plano, TX USA. [Sapper, John] NOAA, NESDIS, OSDPD, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Maturi, E (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, ORA, 5200 Auth Rd,WWB-601, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM eileen.maturi@noaa.gov RI Maturi, Eileen/F-5611-2010 NR 28 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 89 IS 12 BP 1877 EP + DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2528.1 PG 14 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 389KH UT WOS:000262090800008 ER PT J AU Yoneyama, K Masumoto, Y Kuroda, Y Katsumata, M Mizuno, K Takayabu, YN Yoshizaki, M Shareef, A Fujiyoshi, Y McPhaden, MJ Murty, VSN Shirooka, R Yasunaga, K Yamada, H Sato, N Ushiyama, T Moteki, Q Seiki, A Fujita, M Ando, K Hase, H Ueki, I Horii, T Yokoyama, C Miyakawa, T AF Yoneyama, Kunio Masumoto, Yukio Kuroda, Yoshifumi Katsumata, Masaki Mizuno, Keisuke Takayabu, Yukari N. Yoshizaki, Masanori Shareef, Ali Fujiyoshi, Yasushi McPhaden, Michael J. Murty, V. S. N. Shirooka, Ryuichi Yasunaga, Kazuaki Yamada, Hiroyuki Sato, Naoki Ushiyama, Tomoki Moteki, Qoosaku Seiki, Ayako Fujita, Mikiko Ando, Kentaro Hase, Hideaki Ueki, Iwao Horii, Takanori Yokoyama, Chie Miyakawa, Tomoki TI MISMO FIELD EXPERIMENT IN THE EQUATORIAL INDIAN OCEAN SO BULLETIN OF THE AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY LA English DT Article ID MADDEN-JULIAN OSCILLATION; ATMOSPHERE RESPONSE EXPERIMENT; SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC WARM POOL; INTRASEASONAL OSCILLATIONS; PART I; VERTICAL STRUCTURE; WESTERN PACIFIC; TOGA COARE; EL-NINO AB The Mirai Indian Ocean cruise for the Study of the Madden-Julian oscillation (MJO)-convection Onset (MISMO) was a field experiment that took place in the central equatorial Indian Ocean during October-December 2006, using the research vessel Mirai, a moored buoy array, and land-based sites at the Maldive Islands. The aim of MISMO was to capture atmospheric and oceanic features in the equatorial Indian Ocean when convection in the MJO was initiated. This article describes details of the experiment as well as some selected early results. Intensive observations using Doppler radar, radiosonde, surface meteorological measurements, and other instruments were conducted at 0 degrees, 80.5 degrees E, after deploying an array of surface and subsurface moorings around this site. The Mirai stayed within this buoy array area from 24 October through 25 November. After a period of stationary observations, underway meteorological measurements were continued from the Maldives to the eastern Indian Ocean in early December. All observations were collected during an El Nino and a positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) event, which tended to suppress convection in the western Pacific and eastern Indian Ocean in throughout much of November 2006. However, as the IOD began to wane in mid-November, an abrupt change from westerly to easterly took place in upper tropospheric winds in the MISMO study region. By late November and early December, deep convection developed over the central Indian Ocean and eastward movement of large-scale cloud systems were observed. This article describes these variations in detail and how they advance our understanding of the onset of tropical deep convection on intraseasonal time scales. C1 [Yoneyama, Kunio; Masumoto, Yukio; Katsumata, Masaki; Mizuno, Keisuke; Takayabu, Yukari N.; Yoshizaki, Masanori; Shirooka, Ryuichi; Yasunaga, Kazuaki; Yamada, Hiroyuki; Sato, Naoki; Ushiyama, Tomoki; Moteki, Qoosaku; Seiki, Ayako; Fujita, Mikiko; Ando, Kentaro; Hase, Hideaki; Ueki, Iwao; Horii, Takanori] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Observat Res Global Change, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Masumoto, Yukio] Univ Tokyo, Dept Earth & Planetary Sci, Tokyo, Japan. [Kuroda, Yoshifumi] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Marine Technol Ctr, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Takayabu, Yukari N.; Yokoyama, Chie; Miyakawa, Tomoki] Univ Tokyo, Ctr Climate Syst Res, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan. [Shareef, Ali] Natl Meteorol Ctr, Male, Maldives. [Fujiyoshi, Yasushi] Hokkaido Univ, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan. [McPhaden, Michael J.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Murty, V. S. N.] Natl Inst Oceanog, Goa, India. RP Yoneyama, K (reprint author), Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Inst Observat Res Global Change, 2-15 Natsushima Cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. EM yoneyamak@jamstec.go.jp RI FUJIYOSHI, YASUSHI/D-7777-2012; Yasunaga, Kazuaki/F-7285-2013; Moteki, Qoosaku/C-4832-2014; 安藤, 健太郎/F-6685-2014; MASUMOTO, YUKIO/G-5021-2014; fujiyoshi, yasushi/P-9079-2014; McPhaden, Michael/D-9799-2016; OI Fujita, Mikiko/0000-0001-6125-060X FU Global Ocean Development Inc; Marine Works Japan, Ltd; NOAA; NASA; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan; Japan Earth Observation System Promotion Program (JEPP). FX The authors deeply appreciate the late Dr. N. Suginohara, the former directorgeneral of IORGC/JAMSTEC, for his guidance to conduct the MISMO project. We also thank Captain M. Akamine and his crew of the R/V Mirai. Thanks are extended to technical staff of Global Ocean Development Inc. and Marine Works Japan, Ltd., for their support to the observations. Principal investigators listed in Table I and their colleagues are also acknowledged for their collaborative observations. Messrs. Y. Ishihara, T. Matsumoto, and M. Yamaguchi greatly contributed to the development and deployment of the m-TRITON buoy. We would like to express our sincere thanks to the members of the Department of Meteorology of the Republic of Maldives for their observational support. We are also grateful to the CLIVAR/GOOS Indian Ocean Panel, chaired by Dr. G. Meyers, who endorsed the MISMO as a key process study and encouraged us. The moored buoy array is one of the products of this panel activity. Global OLR, NCEP-NCAR reanalysis, and optimum interpolated SST data were provided by NOAA (www.cdc.noaa.gov). QuikSCAT data are produced by Remote Sensing Systems and sponsored by the NASA Ocean Vector Winds Science Team (www.remss.com/). The ISAR measurements were partly supported by U.S. National Ocean Partnership Program contributions by NASA and NOAA. Development of m-TRITON buoys is sponsored by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan as a part of Japan Earth Observation System Promotion Program (JEPP). Observations at Maldive Islands were partly supported by JEPP-HARIMAU (Hydrorneteorological Array for ISV-Monsoon Automonitoring) project. Critical comments and suggestions from the editor and two anonymous reviewers led to the substantial improvement of the manuscript. NR 61 TC 53 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0003-0007 EI 1520-0477 J9 B AM METEOROL SOC JI Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 89 IS 12 BP 1889 EP + DI 10.1175/2008BAMS2519.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 389KH UT WOS:000262090800009 ER PT J AU Zha, XF Sriram, RD Fernandez, MG Mistree, F AF Zha, Xuan F. Sriram, Ram D. Fernandez, Marco G. Mistree, Farrokh TI Knowledge-intensive collaborative decision support for design processes: A hybrid decision support model and agent SO COMPUTERS IN INDUSTRY LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 11th International Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work in Design CY APR 26-28, 2007 CL Melbourne, AUSTRALIA SP Swinburne Univ Technol, IEEE, IEEE, Victoria Sect, CSCWD, Int Working Grp CSCW Design DE Decision-based design; Hybrid; Decision model; Fuzzy negotiation; Autonomous decision agent; Multi-agent framework ID RATINGS; SYSTEM AB This paper proposes a hybrid decision support model within a multi-agent framework to facilitate integration and collaboration for design decisions. The hybrid decision model integrates the compromise decision support problem technique (cDSP) and the fuzzy synthetic decision model (FSD) to quantitatively incorporate qualitative design knowledge and preferences of designers for multiple, conflicting attributes stored in a knowledge repository so that a better understanding of the consequences of design decisions can be achieved from a more comprehensive perspective. The focus of this work is on the provision of a hybrid decision model and framework for improved cooperative design decision support. The novelty of the work is in combination of different models or methods, algorithms for making collaborative design decisions in both objective and Subjective natures, in particular the fuzzy negotiation mechanism using the hybrid decision model. The developed hybrid decision model and framework are generic and flexible enough to be used in a variety of decision problems. Finally, the proposed hybrid decision model and framework are illustrated with applications in collaborative concept evaluation and selection in product family design for mass customization. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Zha, Xuan F.; Sriram, Ram D.] NIST, Design & Proc Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Fernandez, Marco G.; Mistree, Farrokh] Georgia Inst Technol, Syst Realizat Lab, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Zha, XF (reprint author), NIST, Design & Proc Grp, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM xfzha@ieee.org NR 68 TC 17 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0166-3615 EI 1872-6194 J9 COMPUT IND JI Comput. Ind. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 59 IS 9 SI SI BP 905 EP 922 DI 10.1016/j.compind.2008.07.009 PG 18 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications SC Computer Science GA 379AC UT WOS:000261365500007 ER PT J AU Yan, JQ Ming, XG Lu, WF Zha, XF AF Yan, Jun Qi Ming, Xin Guo Lu, Wen Feng Zha, Xuan Fang TI Special issue on: New Research Advances in Product Lifecycle Management SO CONCURRENT ENGINEERING-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Yan, Jun Qi; Ming, Xin Guo] Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. [Lu, Wen Feng] Natl Univ Singapore, Singapore 117548, Singapore. [Zha, Xuan Fang] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Ming, XG (reprint author), Shanghai Jiao Tong Univ, Shanghai, Peoples R China. EM xgming@sjtu.edu.cn NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1063-293X J9 CONCURRENT ENG-RES A JI Concurrent Eng.-Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 241 EP 241 DI 10.1177/1063293X08101033 PG 1 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 386FV UT WOS:000261868600001 ER PT J AU Kulvatunyou, B Morris, KC Ivezic, N Frechette, S AF Kulvatunyou, Boonserm (Serm) Morris, K. C. Ivezic, Nenad Frechette, Simon TI Development Life Cycle for Semantically Coherent Data Exchange Specification SO CONCURRENT ENGINEERING-RESEARCH AND APPLICATIONS LA English DT Article DE Data Model Management; Model Life Cycle; Enterprise Integration; Application Integration; Business Integration; Systems Integration; Service Oriented Architecture AB In enterprise integration, a data-exchange specification is an architectural artifact that evolves along with the business. Maintaining a coherent, data-exchange, semantic model is an important, yet nontrivial task. A coherent, semantic model of data - exchange specifications supports reuse, promotes interoperability, and, consequently, reduces integration costs. Components of data-exchange specifications must be consistent and valid in terms of agreed upon standards and guidelines. In this article, we propose an activity model for the creation, test, and maintenance of a shared semantic model that is coherent and supports scalable standards-based enterprise integration. While it frames our research and the development of tools to support those activities for semantic models implemented using XML (Extensible Markup Language) Schema, the activity model presented in this article is independent of the data-exchange technology. C1 [Kulvatunyou, Boonserm (Serm); Morris, K. C.; Ivezic, Nenad; Frechette, Simon] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kulvatunyou, B (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Mfg Syst Integrat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM kbserm@psualum.com NR 32 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD PI LONDON PA 1 OLIVERS YARD, 55 CITY ROAD, LONDON EC1Y 1SP, ENGLAND SN 1063-293X EI 1531-2003 J9 CONCURRENT ENG-RES A JI Concurrent Eng.-Res. Appl. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 16 IS 4 BP 279 EP 290 DI 10.1177/1063293X08100028 PG 12 WC Computer Science, Interdisciplinary Applications; Engineering, Manufacturing; Operations Research & Management Science SC Computer Science; Engineering; Operations Research & Management Science GA 386FV UT WOS:000261868600006 ER PT J AU Kozfkay, CC Campbell, MR Heindel, JA Baker, DJ Kline, P Powell, MS Flagg, T AF Kozfkay, Christine C. Campbell, Matthew R. Heindel, Jeff A. Baker, Danny J. Kline, Paul Powell, Madison S. Flagg, Thomas TI A genetic evaluation of relatedness for broodstock management of captive, endangered Snake River sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka SO CONSERVATION GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Relatedness; Sockeye salmon; Inbreeding; Genetic diversity ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; PAIRWISE RELATEDNESS; PACIFIC SALMON; CONSERVATION GENETICS; NATURAL-POPULATIONS; BREEDING PROGRAMS; MOLECULAR MARKERS; FISH POPULATIONS; RECOVERY; ESTIMATORS AB The use of captive broodstocks is becoming more frequently employed as the number of species facing endangerment or extinction throughout the world increases. Efforts to rebuild the endangered Snake River sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, population have been ongoing for over a decade, but the use of microsatellite data to develop inbreeding avoidance matrices is a more recent component to the program. This study used known genealogical relationships among sockeye salmon offspring to test four different pairwise relatedness estimators and a maximum-likelihood (M-L) relatedness estimator. The goal of this study was to develop a breeding strategy with these estimators that would minimize the loss of genetic diversity, minimize inbreeding, and determine how returning anadromous adults are incorporated into the broodstock along with full-term hatchery adults. Results of this study indicated that both the M (xy) and R (QG) estimators had the lowest Type II error rates and the M-L and R (R) estimators had the lowest Type I error rates. An approach that utilizes a combination of estimators may provide the most valuable information for managers. We recommend that the M-L and R (R) methods be used to rank the genetic importance of returning adults and the M (xy) or R (QG) estimators be used to determine which fish to pair for spawning. This approach provides for the best genetic management of this captive, endangered population and should be generally applicable to the genetic management of other endangered stocks with no pedigree. C1 [Kozfkay, Christine C.; Campbell, Matthew R.; Heindel, Jeff A.; Baker, Danny J.; Kline, Paul] Idaho Dept Fish & Game, Eagle, ID 83616 USA. [Powell, Madison S.] Hagerman Fish Culture Expt Stn, Hagerman, ID USA. [Flagg, Thomas] Manchester Res Stn, NW Fish Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Manchester, WA 98353 USA. RP Kozfkay, CC (reprint author), Idaho Dept Fish & Game, 1800 Trout Rd, Eagle, ID 83616 USA. EM ckozfkay@idfg.idaho.gov RI Powell, Madison/H-7050-2014 OI Powell, Madison/0000-0002-1851-3168 NR 62 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1566-0621 J9 CONSERV GENET JI Conserv. Genet. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1421 EP 1430 DI 10.1007/s10592-007-9466-0 PG 10 WC Biodiversity Conservation; Genetics & Heredity SC Biodiversity & Conservation; Genetics & Heredity GA 367GF UT WOS:000260539800003 ER PT J AU Klokocnik, J Kostelecky, J Wagner, CA AF Klokocnik, J. Kostelecky, J. Wagner, C. A. TI Improvement in the radial accuracy of altimeter-satellite orbits due to the geopotential SO EARTH-SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Article DE orbits of Earth artificial satellites; gravity field of the Earth; radial orbit error; Rosborough theory; satellite crossovers ID CROSSOVER ALTIMETRY; RESIDUAL ERRORS; COMBINATIONS; MODELS AB The application of satellite altimetry in geosciences needs a precise computation of the orbit positions of the satellites with altimeters. In particular the knowledge of the radial orbit error is of high interest in this context. Rosborough's theory [Rosborough, G.W., 1986 Satellite Orbit Perturbations due to the Geopotential, CSR-86-1 rep., Center for Space Research, Univ. of Texas, Austin. 1, ammended by our newer works, describes Earth static gravity induced radial orbit error as a function of latitude, longitude and pass direction. Using this theory applied to precise long-term measurements of crossover altimetry we demonstrate the improvement in the accuracy of the orbit radius due to Earth gravity models, from the early 1980s (order of tens of meters), to the present (order of centimeters and less). The early models, with higher correlations between potential coefficients, show strong variations of the error in longitude as well as latitude, compared to the more recent fields. Currently the static gravity errors in the best of the Earth models are believed to be below the systematic environmental errors in the long-term altimetry. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Klokocnik, J.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, CEDR, Astron Inst, CZ-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. [Kostelecky, J.] CEDR, Res Inst Geodesy Topog & Cartog, CZ-25066 Zdiby 98, Czech Republic. [Kostelecky, J.] Czech Tech Univ, Dept Adv Geodesy, CZ-16629 Prague 6, Thakurova, Czech Republic. [Wagner, C. A.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD USA. RP Klokocnik, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, CEDR, Astron Inst, CZ-25165 Ondrejov, Czech Republic. EM jklokocn@asu.cas.cz; kost@fsv.cvut.cz; carl.wagner@noaa.gov RI Klokocnik, Jaroslav/G-9025-2014 FU Czech Republic [A3407]; Ministry for Education of the Czech Republic [LC 506] FX We thank Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic for the grant # A3407 and Ministry for Education of the Czech Republic for grant LC 506 (CEDR). NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0012-8252 J9 EARTH-SCI REV JI Earth-Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 91 IS 1-4 BP 106 EP 120 DI 10.1016/j.earscirev.2008.10.002 PG 15 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 391DO UT WOS:000262213700005 ER PT J AU Steel, EA Fullerton, A Caras, Y Sheer, MB Olson, P Jensen, D Burke, J Maher, M McElhany, P AF Steel, E. Ashley Fullerton, Aimee Caras, Yuko Sheer, Mindi B. Olson, Patricia Jensen, David Burke, Jennifer Maher, Michael McElhany, Paul TI A Spatially Explicit Decision Support System for Watershed-Scale Management of Salmon SO ECOLOGY AND SOCIETY LA English DT Article DE Chinook salmon; endangered species; habitat suitability; recovery planning; riparian; sediment routing ID CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; PACIFIC-NORTHWEST; HABITAT; UNCERTAINTY; URBANIZATION; ABUNDANCE; STREAMS; OREGON; RIVERS AB Effective management for wide-ranging species must be conducted over vast spatial extents, such as whole watersheds and regions. Managers and decision makers must often consider results of multiple quantitative and qualitative models in developing these large-scale multispecies management strategies. We present a scenario-based decision support system to evaluate watershed-scale management plans for multiple species of Pacific salmon in the Lewis River watershed in southwestern Washington, USA. We identified six aquatic restoration management strategies either described in the literature or in common use for watershed recovery planning. For each of the six strategies, actions were identified and their effect on the landscape was estimated. In this way, we created six potential future landscapes, each estimating how the watershed might look under one of the management strategies. We controlled for cost across the six modeled strategies by creating simple economic estimates of the cost of each restoration or protection action and fixing the total allowable cost under each strategy. We then applied a suite of evaluation models to estimate watershed function and habitat condition and to predict biological response to those habitat conditions. The concurrent use of many types of models and our spatially explicit approach enables analysis of the trade-offs among various types of habitat improvements and also among improvements in different areas within the watershed. We report predictions of the quantity, quality, and distribution of aquatic habitat as well as predictions for multiple species of species-specific habitat capacity and survival rates that might result from each of the six management strategies. We use our results to develop four on-the-ground watershed management strategies given alternative social constraints and manager profiles. Our approach provides technical guidance in the study watershed by predicting future impacts of potential strategies, guidance on strategy selection in other watersheds where such detailed analyses have not been completed, and a framework for organizing information and modeled predictions to best manage wide-ranging species. C1 [Steel, E. Ashley; Fullerton, Aimee; Caras, Yuko; Sheer, Mindi B.; Jensen, David; Burke, Jennifer; Maher, Michael; McElhany, Paul] NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Olson, Patricia] Pacific Watershed Inst, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Olson, Patricia] Washington State Dept Ecol, Olympia, WA 98504 USA. [Burke, Jennifer] Univ Washington, Sch Ocean & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98119 USA. [Maher, Michael] Steward & Associates, Snohomish, WA 98290 USA. RP Steel, EA (reprint author), NOAA Fisheries, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. FU Washington department of Fish and Wildlife; Pacificorp; S. P. Cramer and Associates; Steward and Associates; Pacific Watershed Institute; Snohomish County; USDA Forest Service; NOAA Fisheries; Willamette- Lower Columbia Technical Review Team (WLC-TRT); Earth Systems Institute FX We thank the local and methodological experts that participated in the development of the landscape and expert strategies: Dan Rawding ( Washington department of Fish and Wildlife), Frank Shrier (Pacificorp), Guy Norman ( S. P. Cramer and Associates), Cleve Steward ( Steward and Associates), Patricia Olson ( Pacific Watershed Institute), Andy Haas ( Snohomish County), Diana Perez and Ruth Tracy ( USDA Forest Service), and Tim Beechie ( NOAA Fisheries). We also appreciate ideas and participation from the Willamette- Lower Columbia Technical Review Team (WLC-TRT). Dan Miller ( Earth Systems Institute) developed the sediment and flow routing model and assisted greatly with its implementation. Mobrand Biometrics Inc. provided access to the EDT model and support in understanding model output. We thank Mark Plummer for suggestions on developing the economic models. Will Holden, Brian Fisher, and Heike Baesecke contributed time and expertise in the field. We also thank Blake Feist for assistance with figures, and Mary Ruckelshaus and Krista Bartz for manuscript reviews. NR 75 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 1 U2 16 PU RESILIENCE ALLIANCE PI WOLFVILLE PA ACADIA UNIV, BIOLOGY DEPT, WOLFVILLE, NS B0P 1X0, CANADA SN 1708-3087 J9 ECOL SOC JI Ecol. Soc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 13 IS 2 AR 50 PG 31 WC Ecology; Environmental Studies SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 392GQ UT WOS:000262291600034 ER PT J AU Sankaran, B Racic, M Tona, A Rao, MV Gaitan, M Forry, SP AF Sankaran, Bharat Racic, Milena Tona, Alessandro Rao, Mulpuri V. Gaitan, Michael Forry, Samuel P. TI Dielectrophoretic capture of mammalian cells using transparent indium tin oxide electrodes in microfluidic systems SO ELECTROPHORESIS LA English DT Article DE Cell capture; Cell viability; Indium tin oxide; Microfluidic; Positive dielectrophoresis ID LIVING CELLS; SEPARATION; TRAPS; MANIPULATION; BLOOD AB Transparent indium tin oxide microelectrodes were fabricated and used to immobilize suspended NIH 3T3 fibroblast cells by positive dielectrophoresis. The indium tin oxide electrodes facilitated microscopic observation of immobilized cells compared with opaque metallized electrodes. Dielectrophoresis was used to capture arrays of individual cells and form small cell clusters within a microfluidic network. The extent of cellular immobilization (no-cell, single-cell, or multiple-cell capture) was correlated with the applied voltage and inversely with the flow velocity. Specific conditions yielding predominantly single-cell capture were identified. The viability of immobilized cells was confirmed using fluorescence microscopy. C1 [Tona, Alessandro; Forry, Samuel P.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Sankaran, Bharat; Racic, Milena; Rao, Mulpuri V.] George Mason Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Sankaran, Bharat; Racic, Milena; Gaitan, Michael] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Forry, SP (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM samuel.forry@nist.gov FU NIST [60NANB4D1132] FX The authors thank Andreas Jahn (NIST) for help in analysis of flow in microfluidic systems. This work was performed in part at the NIST Center for Nanoscale Science and Technology Nanofabrication Facility. Financial support for B. Sankaran and M. Racic was provided by NIST under Grant 60NANB4D1132. NR 26 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 1 U2 3 PU WILEY-V C H VERLAG GMBH PI WEINHEIM PA PO BOX 10 11 61, D-69451 WEINHEIM, GERMANY SN 0173-0835 J9 ELECTROPHORESIS JI Electrophoresis PD DEC PY 2008 VL 29 IS 24 BP 5047 EP 5054 DI 10.1002/elps.200800017 PG 8 WC Biochemical Research Methods; Chemistry, Analytical SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Chemistry GA 396AX UT WOS:000262565700029 PM 19130589 ER PT J AU Baker-Jarvis, J AF Baker-Jarvis, James TI Electromagnetic Nanoscale Metrology Based on Entropy Production and Fluctuations SO ENTROPY LA English DT Article DE dielectric; entropy; magnetic; nonequilibrium; relaxation ID NONEQUILIBRIUM STATISTICAL MECHANICS; MAXIMUM-ENTROPY; EQUATIONS; MOTION; DISSIPATION; SYSTEMS AB The goal in this paper is to show how many high-frequency electromagnetic metrology areas can be understood and formulated in terms of entropy evolution, production, and fluctuations. This may be important in nanotechnology where an understanding of fluctuations of thermal and electromagnetic energy and the effects of nonequilibrium are particularly important. The approach used here is based on a new derivation of an entropy evolution equation using an exact Liouville-based statistical-mechanical theory rooted in the Robertson-Zwanzig-Mori formulations. The analysis begins by developing an exact equation for entropy rate in terms of time correlations of the microscopic entropy rate. This equation is an exact fluctuation-dissipation relationship. We then define the entropy and its production for electromagnetic driving, both in the time and frequency domains, and apply this to study dielectric and magnetic material measurements, magnetic relaxation, cavity resonance, noise, measuring Boltzmann's constant, and power measurements. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO USA. RP Baker-Jarvis, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway,MS 818-01, Boulder, CO USA. EM jjarvis@boulder.nist.gov NR 42 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1099-4300 J9 ENTROPY JI Entropy PD DEC PY 2008 VL 10 IS 4 BP 411 EP 429 DI 10.3390/e10040411 PG 19 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 424IU UT WOS:000264561200002 ER PT J AU Gao, YW Bean, D AF Gao, Yongwen Bean, David TI Stable isotope analyses of otoliths in identification of hatchery origin of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Maine SO ENVIRONMENTAL BIOLOGY OF FISHES LA English DT Article DE Aquaculture salmon; Restoration hatchery; Statistical difference; delta(13)C and delta(18)O ID COD GADUS-MORHUA; SOCKEYE-SALMON; FISH OTOLITHS; CARBON; OXYGEN; FRACTIONATION; RECORDS; GROWTH; WILD; BAY AB We conducted stable oxygen and carbon isotope analyses for otoliths of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), in an attempt to develop a reference database on isotopic variability among private and federal hatcheries in Maine which currently support the salmon aquaculture industry and recovery of endangered populations. During the first phase of our study, we collected 40-50 sagittal otoliths of juvenile Atlantic salmon from each of the five hatcheries and analyzed for stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios ((18)O/(16)O or delta(18)O, and (13)C/(12)C or delta(13)C). Combination of delta(18)O and delta(13)C signatures in otoliths showed that the five hatcheries can be clearly separated and chemically distinguished. By identifying stable isotopic variations of otoliths from different hatchery settings, we were able to establish some isotopic criteria or standards to assign a likelihood that an individual Atlantic salmon came from a specific hatchery within the reference database. If successful, a diagnostic tool that can provide definitive information on identification of the hatchery origin could serve as a novel marking technique, and the chemical method may provide a more effective alternative to DNA analysis for mixed stocks. Overall our isotopic data from otoliths support the hypothesis that there are detectable differences between the five hatcheries, and multiple statistical analyses indicated that we can correctly distinguish individual Atlantic salmon into a hatchery with high confidence. C1 [Gao, Yongwen] Makah Fisheries Management, Neah Bay, WA 98357 USA. [Gao, Yongwen] Huazhong Agr Univ, Coll Fisheries, Wuhan 430070, Peoples R China. [Bean, David] NOAA NMFS NE Reg Off, Gloucester, MA 01930 USA. RP Gao, YW (reprint author), Makah Fisheries Management, POB 115, Neah Bay, WA 98357 USA. EM gaoy@olypen.com NR 26 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 13 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0378-1909 J9 ENVIRON BIOL FISH JI Environ. Biol. Fishes PD DEC PY 2008 VL 83 IS 4 BP 429 EP 437 DI 10.1007/s10641-008-9365-3 PG 9 WC Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 387QU UT WOS:000261967500008 ER PT J AU Lema, SC Dickey, JT Schultz, IR Swanson, P AF Lema, Sean C. Dickey, Jon T. Schultz, Irvin R. Swanson, Penny TI Dietary Exposure to 2,2 ',4,4 '-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether (PBDE-47) Alters Thyroid Status and Thyroid Hormone-Regulated Gene Transcription in the Pituitary and Brain SO ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES LA English DT Article DE basic transcription element-binding protein; brain; endocrine disruption; PBDE-47; polybrominated diphenyl ethers; thyroid hormone; thyroid hormone receptor; thyroid-stimulating hormone; thyrotropin ID POLYBROMINATED DIPHENYL ETHERS; BROMINATED FLAME RETARDANTS; ELEMENT-BINDING PROTEIN; MINNOW PIMEPHALES-PROMELAS; CENTRAL-NERVOUS-SYSTEM; ADULT-RAT BRAIN; XENOPUS-LAEVIS; FATHEAD MINNOW; RECEPTOR-BETA; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS AB BACKGROUND: Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants have been implicated as disruptors of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis. Animals exposed to PBDES may show reduced plasma thyroid hormone (TH), but it is not known whether PBDEs impact TH-regulated pathways in target tissues. OBJECTIVE: We examined the effects of dietary exposure to 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-47)-commonly the highest concentrated PBDE in human tissues-on plasma TH levels and on gene transcripts for glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit (GPH alpha) and thyrotropin beta-subunit (TSH beta) in the pituitary gland, the autoinduced TH receptors alpha and beta in the brain and liver, and the TH-responsive transcription factor basic transcription element-binding protein (BTEB) in the brain. METHODS: Breeding pairs of adult fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were given dietary PBDE-47 at two doses (2.4 mu g/pair/day or 12.3 mu g/pair/day) for 21 days. RESULTS: Minnows exposed to PBDE-47 had depressed plasma thyroxine (T(4)), but not 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T(3)). This decline in T(4) was accompanied by elevated mRNA levels for TSH beta (low dose only) in the pituitary. PBDE-47 intake elevated transcript for TH receptor a in the brain of females and decreased mRNA for TH receptor beta in the brain of both sexes, without altering these transcripts in the liver. In males, PBDE-47 exposure also reduced brain transcripts for BTEB. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that dietary exposure to PBDE-47 alters TH signaling at multiple levels of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis and provide evidence that TH-responsive pathways in the brain may be particularly sensitive to disruption by PBDE flame retardants. C1 [Lema, Sean C.; Swanson, Penny] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Physiol Program, Seattle, WA USA. [Dickey, Jon T.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Schultz, Irvin R.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Marine Sci Lab, Sequim, WA USA. RP Lema, SC (reprint author), Univ N Carolina, 601 S Coll Rd, Wilmington, NC 28403 USA. EM lemas@uncw.edu FU West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH); National Marine Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center FX This study was supported by the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (WCCOHH) as part of the NOAA Oceans and Human Health Initiative. The WCCOHH is part of the National Marine Fisheries Service's Northwest Fisheries Science Center. NR 57 TC 108 Z9 114 U1 4 U2 36 PU US DEPT HEALTH HUMAN SCIENCES PUBLIC HEALTH SCIENCE PI RES TRIANGLE PK PA NATL INST HEALTH, NATL INST ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES, PO BOX 12233, RES TRIANGLE PK, NC 27709-2233 USA SN 0091-6765 J9 ENVIRON HEALTH PERSP JI Environ. Health Perspect. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 116 IS 12 BP 1694 EP 1699 DI 10.1289/ehp.11570 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Public, Environmental & Occupational Health; Toxicology GA 377ZG UT WOS:000261290300033 PM 19079722 ER PT J AU Wallace, L Wang, F Howard-Reed, C Persily, A AF Wallace, Lance Wang, Fang Howard-Reed, Cynthia Persily, Andrew TI Contribution of Gas and Electric Stoves to Residential Ultrafine Particle Concentrations between 2 and 64 nm: Size Distributions and Emission and Coagulation Rates SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOURCE STRENGTHS; INDOOR SOURCES; FINE; DEPOSITION; COOKING AB Three indoor sources (a gas stove, an electric stove, and an electric toaster oven) of ultrafine particles (UFPs) have been studied in an instrumented test house on the campus of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Previous studies have reported the concentration of ultrafine particles indoors due to cooking, but have been limited to particles with diameters greater than 10 nm. New technology now makes it possible to measure particles as small as 2 nm. Therefore, NIST conducted a study to measure typical concentrations and estimate emission rates and coagulation rates of UFPs in the size range from 2 to 64 nm. More than 150 tests were completed. Peak concentrations from the gas and electric stovetop burners/coils occurred at a particle size of approximately 5 nm. Total number concentrations were as much as 10 times greater than reported in previous studies of particle sizes above 10 nm. Because of these high concentrations of very small particles, coagulation was the dominant process affecting the evolution of the size distribution after the source was turned off. The observed number concentration changes due to coagulation were fit by models including corrections for van der Waals and viscosity forces and fractal shapes. Indoor/outdoor ratios indicated that less than 5% of the <10 nm particles penetrated the house. This suggests that outdoor sources of these ultrafine particles will not contribute substantially to human exposure if indoor sources are present. C1 [Wallace, Lance; Wang, Fang; Howard-Reed, Cynthia; Persily, Andrew] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wallace, L (reprint author), 11568 Woodhollow Ct, Reston, VA 20191 USA. EM lwallace73@comcast.net RI Reed, 0./B-5695-2009; Wallace, Lance/K-7264-2013; OI Wallace, Lance/0000-0002-6635-2303 NR 27 TC 68 Z9 68 U1 3 U2 33 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 23 BP 8641 EP 8647 DI 10.1021/es801402v PG 7 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378FS UT WOS:000261307200009 PM 19192775 ER PT J AU Carlton, AG Turpin, BJ Altieri, KE Seitzinger, SP Mathur, R Roselle, SJ Weber, RJ AF Carlton, Annmarie G. Turpin, Barbara J. Altieri, Katye E. Seitzinger, Sybil P. Mathur, Rohit Roselle, Shawn J. Weber, Rodney J. TI CMAQ Model Performance Enhanced When In-Cloud Secondary Organic Aerosol is Included: Comparisons of Organic Carbon Predictions with Measurements SO ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; OXALIC-ACID; MARINE ATMOSPHERE; MECHANISMS; PRODUCTS; PATHWAY; GLYOXAL AB Mounting evidence suggests that low-volatility (particle-phase) organic compounds form in the atmosphere through aqueous phase reactions in clouds and aerosols. Although some models have begun including secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation through cloud processing, validation studies that compare predictions and measurements are needed. In this work, agreement between modeled organic carbon (OC) and aircraft measurements of water soluble OC improved for all 5 of the compared ICARTT NOAA-P3 flights during August when an in-cloud SOA (SOA(cld)) formation mechanism was added to CMAQ (a regional-scale atmospheric model). The improvement was most dramatic for the August 14th flight a flight designed specifically to investigate clouds. During this flight, the normalized mean bias for layer-averaged OC was reduced from -64 to -15% and correlation (r) improved from 0.5 to 0.6. Underpredictions of OC aloft by atmospheric models may be explained, in part, by this formation mechanism (SOA(cld)). OC formation aloft contributes to long-range pollution transport and has implications to radiative forcing, regional air quality and climate. C1 [Carlton, Annmarie G.; Mathur, Rohit; Roselle, Shawn J.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, Durham, NC 27711 USA. [Weber, Rodney J.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Earth & Atmospher Sci, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. [Turpin, Barbara J.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Environm Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Seitzinger, Sybil P.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. [Altieri, Katye E.; Seitzinger, Sybil P.] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Carlton, AG (reprint author), Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Atmospher Sci Modeling Div, Air Resources Lab, 109 TW Alexander Dr, Durham, NC 27711 USA. EM carlton.annmarie@epa.gov RI Carlton, Annmarie/A-7867-2011; Turpin, Barbara /D-8346-2012; Altieri, Katye/M-5231-2014 OI Carlton, Annmarie/0000-0002-8574-1507; Altieri, Katye/0000-0002-6778-4079 FU U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) [R833751] FX This research has been supported in part by a grant from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) Science to Achieve Results (STAR) program (R833751). This research was performed, in part, under the Memorandum of Understanding between the EPA through its office of Research and Development and the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) under agreement number DW13921548. This work constitutes a contribution to the NOAA Air Quality Program. Although it has been reviewed by EPA and NOAA and approved for publication, it does not necessarily reflect their policies or views. NR 36 TC 93 Z9 94 U1 3 U2 59 PU AMER CHEMICAL SOC PI WASHINGTON PA 1155 16TH ST, NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20036 USA SN 0013-936X EI 1520-5851 J9 ENVIRON SCI TECHNOL JI Environ. Sci. Technol. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 42 IS 23 BP 8798 EP 8802 DI 10.1021/es801192n PG 5 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology GA 378FS UT WOS:000261307200034 PM 19192800 ER PT J AU Mates, SP Rhorer, R Whitenton, E Burns, T Basak, D AF Mates, S. P. Rhorer, R. Whitenton, E. Burns, T. Basak, D. TI A Pulse-Heated Kolsky Bar Technique for Measuring the Flow Stress of Metals at High Loading and Heating Rates SO EXPERIMENTAL MECHANICS LA English DT Article DE Kolsky-Bar; Split-Hopkinson bar; High heating rate; Flow stress measurement; High strain rate ID HOPKINSON PRESSURE BAR; COMPRESSION AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has developed an electrical pulse-heated Kolsky Bar technique for measuring the constitutive response of metals at heating rates of up to 6,000 K/s and strain rates up to 10(4) s(-1). Under these conditions, which are approaching those found in high speed machining, thermally activated microstructural processes such as grain growth, solid state phase transformation and dislocation annealing can be bypassed, leading to unique non-equilibrium superheated microstructural states. Flow stresses can thus differ significantly from equilibrium high temperature conditions. This paper describes the NIST pulse-heated Kolsky bar technique in detail, including a thorough assessment of uncertainties in temperature and flow stress measurement. C1 [Mates, S. P.] NIST, Div Met, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rhorer, R.; Whitenton, E.] NIST, Mfg Metrol Div, MEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Burns, T.] NIST, Math & Computat Sci Div, ITL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Basak, D.] Orbital Sci Corp, Dulles, VA USA. RP Mates, SP (reprint author), NIST, Div Met, MSEL, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM smates@nist.gov NR 12 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 5 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0014-4851 J9 EXP MECH JI Exp. Mech. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 6 BP 799 EP 807 DI 10.1007/s11340-008-9137-1 PG 9 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Mechanics; Materials Science, Characterization & Testing SC Materials Science; Mechanics GA 379NO UT WOS:000261403600009 ER PT J AU Darcis, PP Mccowan, CN Mccolskey, JD Fields, R AF Darcis, Ph. P. Mccowan, C. N. Mccolskey, J. D. Fields, R. TI Crack tip opening angle measurement through a girth weld in an X100 steel pipeline section SO FATIGUE & FRACTURE OF ENGINEERING MATERIALS & STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE crack tip opening angle; fracture; girth pipeline section; welded joints ID DUCTILE FRACTURE; PROPAGATION; PREDICTION; RESISTANCE; CTOA AB Crack tip opening angle (CTOA) is becoming one of the most accepted methods for characterizing fully plastic fracture. It provides a measure of the resistance to fracture for a material in cases where there is a large degree of stable-tearing crack extension during the fracture process. Our current pipeline research uses the CTOA test as an alternative, or addition, to the CTOD (crack tip opening displacement) and the fracture energy characterization provided by the J-integral approach. A test technique was developed for measurement of CTOA that uses a modified double cantilever beam (MDCB) specimen. A digital camera and image analysis software were used to record the progression of the crack tip and to estimate the CTOA. In this article, CTOA data on crack growth orientations perpendicular to pipeline girth welds are presented. The CTOA for X100 high strength bainitic gas pipeline steel is reported. Two different specimen gauge sections, 3 mm and 8 mm, were used and the effect of the specimen thickness on the CTOA is discussed. The results show a change in the CTOA as the crack grows into the heat affected zone (HAZ). A slight improvement in the fracture resistance is measured, and through the weld, a slight decrease in fracture resistance is observed. C1 [Darcis, Ph. P.; Mccowan, C. N.; Mccolskey, J. D.] NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Fields, R.] NIST, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Darcis, PP (reprint author), NIST, Div Mat Reliabil, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM darcis@boulder.nist.gov NR 40 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 4 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 8756-758X J9 FATIGUE FRACT ENG M JI Fatigue Fract. Eng. Mater. Struct. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 31 IS 12 BP 1065 EP 1078 DI 10.1111/j.1460-2695.2008.01297.x PG 14 WC Engineering, Mechanical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Engineering; Materials Science GA 383ZK UT WOS:000261712800005 ER PT J AU Esry, BD Wang, Y D'Incao, JP AF Esry, B. D. Wang, Yujun D'Incao, J. P. TI Alternative paths to observing Efimov physics SO FEW-BODY SYSTEMS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 20th European Conference on Few-Body Problems in Physics CY SEP 10-14, 2007 CL Univ Pisa, Phys Dept, Pisa, ITALY SP Inst Nazl Fis Nucl, Pisa Branch HO Univ Pisa, Phys Dept ID RESONANTLY-INTERACTING PARTICLES; 3-BODY RECOMBINATION; ATOMS; STATES AB We present some of our work on the ultracold behavior of three-body collisions and their relation to the recent experiment (Kraemer [1]). In particular, we discuss the role of Efimov physics in this experiment and other ultracold three-body collisions. We also suggest one way to make observation of the key feature of the Efimov effect - geometrical scaling - more experimentally feasible. C1 [D'Incao, J. P.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [D'Incao, J. P.] NIST, Boulder, CO USA. [Esry, B. D.; Wang, Yujun] Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. RP Esry, BD (reprint author), Kansas State Univ, Dept Phys, 116 Cardwell Hall, Manhattan, KS 66506 USA. EM esry@phys.ksu.edu RI D'Incao, Jose/B-1289-2010; Wang, Yujun/J-2132-2012; Esry, Brett/H-7511-2013 OI Wang, Yujun/0000-0002-8353-0423; Esry, Brett/0000-0003-3207-8526 NR 18 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER WIEN PI WIEN PA SACHSENPLATZ 4-6, PO BOX 89, A-1201 WIEN, AUSTRIA SN 0177-7963 J9 FEW-BODY SYST JI Few-Body Syst. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 1-4 BP 63 EP 68 DI 10.1007/s00601-008-0210-1 PG 6 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 387KU UT WOS:000261951900011 ER PT J AU Hauser, L Waples, RS Carvalho, GR AF Hauser, Lorenz Waples, Robin S. Carvalho, Gary R. TI Special Issue: Advances in Marine Fish and Fisheries Genetics SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Editorial Material ID STOCK C1 [Hauser, Lorenz] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Waples, Robin S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Seattle, WA USA. [Carvalho, Gary R.] Bangor Univ, Sch Biol Sci, Environm Ctr Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd, Wales. RP Hauser, L (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fisheries Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RI Hauser, Lorenz/E-4365-2010; Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016 NR 8 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 10 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1467-2960 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 4 SI SI BP 331 EP 332 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00307.x PG 2 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 374RB UT WOS:000261060300001 ER PT J AU Naish, KA Hard, JJ AF Naish, Kerry A. Hard, Jeffrey J. TI Bridging the gap between the genotype and the phenotype: linking genetic variation, selection and adaptation in fishes SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Climate change; fisheries-induced selection; genomics in fishes; multivariate quantitative genetics; phenotypic evolution ID QUANTITATIVE TRAIT LOCI; TROUT ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMON SALMO-SALAR; WHITEFISH COREGONUS-CLUPEAFORMIS; ADAPTIVE POPULATION DIVERGENCE; FLOUNDER PLATICHTHYS-FLESUS; LIFE-HISTORY EVOLUTION; F-2 TILAPIA HYBRID; RAINBOW-TROUT; ATLANTIC SALMON AB One of the most challenging problems in evolutionary biology is linking the evolution of the phenotype with the underlying genotype, because most phenotypes are encoded by many genes that interact with each other and with the environment. Further, many phenotypes are correlated and selection on one can affect evolution of the other. This challenge is especially important in fishes, because their evolutionary response to harvest, global warming and conservation actions are among the least understood aspects of their management. Here, we discuss two major genetic approaches to studying the evolution of complex traits, multivariate quantitative genetics and molecular genetics, and examine the increasing interaction between the two fields. These interactions include using pedigree-based methods to study the evolution of multivariate traits in natural populations, comparing neutral and quantitative measures of population structure, and examining the contribution that the two approaches have made to each other. We then explore the major role that quantitative genetics is playing in two key issues in the conservation and management of fish populations: the evolutionary effects of fishing and adaptation to climate change. Throughout, we emphasize that it is important to anticipate the availability of improvements in molecular technology and statistical analyses by creating research populations such as inbred lines and families segregating at fitness traits, developing approaches to measuring the full range of phenotypes related to fitness, and collecting biological material and ecological data in natural populations. These steps will facilitate studies of the evolution of complex traits over informative temporal and spatial scales. C1 [Naish, Kerry A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Hard, Jeffrey J.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Conservat Biol Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Naish, KA (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM knaish@u.washington.edu RI Hard, Jeffrey/C-7229-2009; Naish, Kerry/F-5768-2014 OI Naish, Kerry/0000-0002-3275-8778 FU Washington Sea Grant Program; University of Washington; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration [NA07OAR4170007]; NOAA Fisheries /Federal Columbia River Power System Biological Opinion Remand funds [R/F51]; Bonneville Power Administration [2003050-00] FX We are very grateful to the editors and especially to G. Carvalho and the three anonymous referees for their invaluable and helpful comments on this manuscript. KAN would like to thank her family for giving her time to complete this review while purportedly on holiday. This work was funded in part by grants from the Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, pursuant to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Award No. NA07OAR4170007, Project No. R/F51; NOAA Fisheries /Federal Columbia River Power System Biological Opinion Remand funds; and the Bonneville Power Administration Grant No. 2003050-00. The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA, BPA, or any of their subagencies. NR 183 TC 54 Z9 55 U1 9 U2 68 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-2960 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 4 SI SI BP 396 EP 422 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00302.x PG 27 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 374RB UT WOS:000261060300005 ER PT J AU Waples, RS Punt, AE Cope, JM AF Waples, Robin S. Punt, Andre E. Cope, Jason M. TI Integrating genetic data into management of marine resources: how can we do it better? SO FISH AND FISHERIES LA English DT Review DE Demographic independence; fish stock assessment; fisheries management; mixed-stock fisheries; stock identification ID EFFECTIVE POPULATION-SIZE; HOKI MACRURONUS-NOVAEZELANDIAE; ROCKFISH SEBASTES-MYSTINUS; PACIFIC-OCEAN PERCH; NEW-ZEALAND WATERS; FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; ASSIGNMENT METHODS; CHINOOK SALMON; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM AB Molecular genetic data have found widespread application in the identification of population and conservation units for aquatic species. However, integration of genetic information into actual management has been slow, and explicit and quantitative inclusion of genetic data into fisheries models is rare. In part, this reflects the inherent difficulty in using genetic markers to draw inferences about demographic independence, which is generally the information of the greatest short-term interest to fishery managers. However, practical management constraints, institutional structures and communication issues have also contributed to the lack of integration. This paper identifies some of the organizational, conceptual and technical barriers that have hampered full use of genetics data in stock assessment and hence fishery management and outlines how such use could be enhanced. C1 [Waples, Robin S.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Cope, Jason M.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Fishery Resource Anal & Monitoring Div, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Waples, RS (reprint author), NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM robin.waples@noaa.gov RI Waples, Robin/K-1126-2016; OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 NR 185 TC 141 Z9 144 U1 10 U2 84 PU BLACKWELL PUBLISHING PI OXFORD PA 9600 GARSINGTON RD, OXFORD OX4 2DQ, OXON, ENGLAND SN 1467-2960 J9 FISH FISH JI Fish. Fish. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 4 SI SI BP 423 EP 449 DI 10.1111/j.1467-2979.2008.00303.x PG 27 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 374RB UT WOS:000261060300006 ER PT J AU Grober-Dunsmore, R Wooninck, L Field, J Ainsworth, C Beets, J Berkeley, S Bohnsack, J Boulon, R Brodeur, R Brodziak, J Crowder, L Gleason, D Hixon, M Kaufman, L Lindberg, B Miller, M Morgan, L Wahle, C AF Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki Wooninck, Lisa Field, John Ainsworth, Cameron Beets, Jim Berkeley, Steve Bohnsack, Jim Boulon, Rafe Brodeur, Richard Brodziak, John Crowder, Larry Gleason, Danny Hixon, Mark Kaufman, Les Lindberg, Bill Miller, Marc Morgan, Lance Wahle, Charles TI Vertical Zoning in Marine Protected Areas: Ecological Considerations for Balancing Pelagic Fishing with Conservation of Benthic Communities SO FISHERIES LA English DT Article ID BLUEFISH POMATOMUS-SALTATRIX; CAPITA INTERACTION STRENGTH; KELP FOREST ECOSYSTEMS; WESTERN NORTH-ATLANTIC; JUVENILE STRIPED BASS; PACIFIC-OCEAN; FOOD-WEB; TROPHIC CASCADES; FEEDING-HABITS; RESERVE DESIGN AB Marine protected areas (MPAs), ideally, manage human uses that threaten ecosystems, or components of ecosystems. During several recent MPA designation processes, concerns have arisen over the scientific justification for no-take MPAs, particularly those that restrict recreational fishing for pelagic species. An important question is: under what conditions might recreational pelagic fishing be compatible with the conservation goals of an MPA that is primarily focused on benthic Communities? In 2005, an expert workshop of fisheries biologists, marine ecologists, MPA managers, and recreational fishermen was convened by NOAAs National MPA Center to evaluate the limited empirical data on benthic-pelagic coupling and to help provide practical advice on this topic. The participants (i) proposed a preliminary conceptual framework for addressing vertical zoning, (ii) developed preliminary guidelines to consider when evaluating whether to allow or restrict pelagic fishing in an MPA, and (iii) identified future research priorities for understanding benthic-pelagic Coupling. A Suite of ecological conditions where recreational pelagic fishing may not be compatible with benthic conservation were identified: (1) high relief habitats, (2) depths shallower than 50-100 m (depending upon the specific location), (3) major topographic and oceanographic features, and (4) spawning areas. Similarly, pelagic fishing is not likely to affect benthic communities adversely in many circumstances. Until further scientific study can shed more light on the issue of how benthic-pelagic linkages affect specific conservation targets, the proposed framework in this manuscript provides practical, easily-applied guidance for using vertical zoning to manage fishing in multiple use MPAs that focus on benthic conservation. C1 [Wahle, Charles] Natl Marine Protected Areas Ctr, Monterey, CA USA. [Hixon, Mark] Oregon State Univ, Dept Zool, Corvallis, OR 97331 USA. [Kaufman, Les] Boston Univ, Dept Biol, Boston, MA 02215 USA. [Miller, Marc] Univ Washington, Sch Marine Affairs, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Lindberg, Bill] Univ Florida, Fisheries & Aquat Sci Dept, Gainesville, FL USA. [Morgan, Lance] Marine Conservat Biol Inst, Glenn Allen, CA USA. [Gleason, Danny] Georgia So Univ, Dept Biol, Statesboro, GA 30460 USA. [Crowder, Larry] Duke Ctr Marine Conservat, Beaufort, NC USA. [Brodeur, Richard; Brodziak, John] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Newport, OR USA. [Beets, Jim] Univ Hawaii, Hilo, HI 96720 USA. [Berkeley, Steve] Univ Calif Santa Cruz Long Marine Lab Invaluable, Santa Cruz, CA USA. [Bohnsack, Jim] SE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Miami, FL USA. [Wooninck, Lisa] Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Monterey, CA USA. [Grober-Dunsmore, Rikki; Field, John] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, Santa Cruz, CA USA. RP Grober-Dunsmore, R (reprint author), Univ S Pacific, Suva, Fiji. EM dunsmore_L@usp.ac.fj RI Ainsworth, Cameron/E-8507-2011 NR 79 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 3 U2 22 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0363-2415 EI 1548-8446 J9 FISHERIES JI Fisheries PD DEC PY 2008 VL 33 IS 12 BP 598 EP 610 DI 10.1577/1548-8446-33.12.598 PG 13 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 449HP UT WOS:000266321700006 ER PT J AU Bence, JR Dorn, MW Irwin, BJ Punt, AE AF Bence, James R. Dorn, Martin W. Irwin, Brian J. Punt, Andre E. TI Recent advances in the evaluation and implementation of harvest policies SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Bence, James R.] Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Dorn, Martin W.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Irwin, Brian J.] Michigan State Univ, Quantitat Fisheries Ctr, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. [Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Bence, JR (reprint author), Michigan State Univ, Dept Fisheries & Wildlife, 13 Nat Resources Bldg, E Lansing, MI 48824 USA. EM bence@msu.edu RI Bence, James/E-5057-2017; OI Bence, James/0000-0002-2534-688X; Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 NR 0 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 94 IS 3 BP 207 EP 209 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.09.029 PG 3 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 386HE UT WOS:000261872200001 ER PT J AU Punt, AE Dorn, MW Haltuch, MA AF Punt, Andre E. Dorn, Martin W. Haltuch, Melissa A. TI Evaluation of threshold management strategies for groundfish off the US West Coast SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Decision rule; Groundfish; Monte Carlo simulation; Precautionary approach; US West Coast ID NORTHERN PRAWN FISHERY; STOCK; CLIMATE; PERFORMANCE; RATES AB Monte Carlo simulations and equilibrium analyses are used to explore the behavior of threshold management strategies. The analyses explore the medium- to long-term implications of uncertainty about the steepness of the stock-recruitment relationship, variation as well as possible temporal autocorrelation in recruitment, and estimation and implementation uncertainty. The results highlight the trade-offs among various management strategies, in particular the trade-offs between average catch, inter-annual variation in catch, and the risk of dropping below the Pacific Fishery Management Council (PFMC) overfished threshold of 25% of the average unfished spawning biomass. Uncertainty regarding steepness is the major source of variation in the final size of the resource and whether it is below the overfished threshold, although the extent of recruitment variability also impacts these quantities. The extent of inter-annual variation in catches is determined primarily by the amount of implementation error. Although the values for the various performance measures depend on all of the factors examined to some extent, the impact of interactions among these factors is generally small. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Punt, Andre E.; Haltuch, Melissa A.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dorn, Martin W.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, NMFS, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Haltuch, Melissa A.] NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. RP Punt, AE (reprint author), Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. EM aepunt@u.washington.edu OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU NMFS [NA07FE0473, NA17RG1353, E/1-5]; MAH FX AEP and MAH acknowledge funding through NMFS grant NA07FE0473. MAH also received funding from a NMFS / Sea Grant Population Dynamics Fellowship (NMFS Grant #NA17RG1353, project E/1-5). The comments by Jack Turnock (AFSC), Owen Hamel (NWFSC), Nick Tolimieri (NWFSC), two anonymous reviewers, the guest editor (Dr Jim Bence), and the participants of the PFMC Harvest Strategy Workshop on an early version of this study are gratefully acknowledged. NR 44 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 EI 1872-6763 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 94 IS 3 SI SI BP 251 EP 266 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2007.12.008 PG 16 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 386HE UT WOS:000261872200005 ER PT J AU Haltuch, MA Punt, AE Dorn, MW AF Haltuch, Melissa A. Punt, Andre E. Dorn, Martin W. TI Evaluating alternative estimators of fishery management reference points SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Simulation; Biomass reference points; Estimators; Groundfish ID PACIFIC-OCEAN; PERFORMANCE; STOCK; RECRUITMENT; GROUNDFISH; SIZE AB Fishery management plans for U.S. fisheries are required to specify status determination criteria (e.g. whether the stock is overfished and whether overfishing is occurring) and typically use harvest control rules to adjust target and limit fishing mortality and catch levels to prevent overfishing, achieve optimum yield and rebuild overfished stocks. The status determination criteria are based on the concept of the fishing mortality rate (F(MSY)) that maximizes long-term catch as the upper limit on the allowable rate of fishing and the associated B(MSY), the spawning biomass which produces MSY is the target for rebuilding of overfished stocks. In practice, proxies for the biological reference points F(MSY) and B(MSY) are often employed. Although several methods exist for estimating these quantities, it is unclear which performs best. Simulation is therefore used to evaluate alternative estimators for these quantities. These estimators differ in terms of whether a stock-recruitment relationship is estimated, and whether a prior based on Bayesian meta-analysis is used as a penalty on steepness, a critical parameter of the stock-recruitment relationship. The simulations consider three life histories: a long-lived unproductive rockfish, a moderately long-lived and productive flatfish, and a hake, which is also moderately long-lived and productive, but exhibits highly variable recruitment. Results indicate that estimator performance varies among reference points. However, estimators of B(o), the average spawning biomass in the absence of exploitation, and stock depletion based on a fitted stock-recruitment relationship generally perform best. B(o) is estimated either better (the rockfish and flatfish) or similarly (the hake) to stock depletion. Estimating B(MSY) from the fit of the stock-recruitment relationship performed best for the rockfish and flatfish life histories; average recruitment estimators proved to be best for the flatfish and hake life histories. Proxy methods of calculating B(MSY) generally performed relatively poor in comparison to the non-proxy measures. The performance of estimators of biological reference points was generally better for the rockfish and flatfish life histories, which were similar, than for the hake life history. Estimator performance was generally poorer in the presence of high recruitment variability. (c) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Haltuch, Melissa A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Haltuch, Melissa A.; Punt, Andre E.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Dorn, Martin W.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Haltuch, MA (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2725 Montlake Blvd E, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. EM Melissa.Haltuch@noaa.gov OI Punt, Andre/0000-0001-8489-2488 FU NMFS [NA17RG1353, E/1-5, NA04NMF4550330]; AEP; MAH FX MAH was funded by a NMFS/SeaGrant Population Dynamics Fellowship (NMFS Grant #NA17RG1353, project E/1-5). AEP and MAH acknowledge funding through NMFS grant NA04NMF4550330. Thanks to I. Stewart, I. Methot, J. Cope, J. Bence, B. Clark and an anonymous reviewer whose comments greatly improved this manuscript. NR 28 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 2 U2 16 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 94 IS 3 BP 290 EP 303 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.01.008 PG 14 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 386HE UT WOS:000261872200008 ER PT J AU Brodziak, J Cadrin, SX Legault, CM Murawski, SA AF Brodziak, Jon Cadrin, Steve X. Legault, Christopher M. Murawski, Steve A. TI Goals and strategies for rebuilding New England groundfish stocks SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Depleted stocks; Reference points; Groundfish; Overfishing; Adaptive management; Rebuilding goals ID BIOLOGICAL REFERENCE POINTS; COD GADUS-MORHUA; FISHERY MANAGEMENT; RECRUITMENT; POPULATIONS; RECOVERY; TARGETS; ADVICE; CATCH AB Rebuilding depleted fishery resources is a worldwide problem. In the U.S., the Magnuson Stevens Fishery Conservation and Management Reauthorization Act(MSRA) of 2007 requires that "Conservation and management measures shall prevent overfishing while achieving, on a continuing basis, the optimum yield from each fishery...". However, translating this legal mandate into tangible goals and actions presents several technical challenges, especially for resources that have been chronically over-exploited. For example, maximum sustainable yields and biomass reference points are poorly estimated for stocks that have been overfished for a long period of time and are poorly defined unless sufficient data are available from periods of low-fishing mortality rates and relatively high-stock sizes. The conundrum of how to set meaningful rebuilding goals given limited information on the population dynamics and trophic interactions of a rebuilt stock can generally be addressed through adaptive management procedures incorporating learning about density-dependent population dynamics. Monitoring changes in life history parameters and recruitment is critical for successful rebuilding strategies realizing the full yield potential of rebuilt stocks while periodic re-evaluation of rebuilding targets is also needed to address uncertainties due to density dependence, trophic interactions or environmental factors. This paper summarizes the development and implementation of goals and strategies to rebuild New England groundfish stocks over the past decade. Management is particularly challenging because the true yield and population size potentials of these interacting stocks is unknown due to chronic overfishing throughout the modern history of the fishery, uncertainty in compensatory/depensatory population dynamics and in the degree of stationarity in environmental control of groundfish recruitment. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Brodziak, Jon; Cadrin, Steve X.; Legault, Christopher M.; Murawski, Steve A.] NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Brodziak, J (reprint author), Pacific Islands Fisheries Sci Ctr, 2570 Dole St, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM Jon.Brodziak@NOAA.GOV NR 49 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 1 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 94 IS 3 BP 355 EP 366 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.03.008 PG 12 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 386HE UT WOS:000261872200014 ER PT J AU Cadrin, SX Pastoors, MA AF Cadrin, Steven X. Pastoors, Martin A. TI Precautionary harvest policies and the uncertainty paradox SO FISHERIES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Harvest policy; Precautionary approach; Uncertainty; Harvest control rules ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; REFERENCE POINTS; FRAMEWORK AB Elements of the precautionary approach to fishery management are commonly implemented in the form of harvest control rules, with limit, threshold and target reference points for stock size and fishing mortality. However, a review of two large advisory and management systems indicates that many stock assessments are not sufficiently informative to support such control rules. After a nearly a decade of applying such control rules, a large portion of management units in the International Council for the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) convention and marine fisheries under United States jurisdiction still have uncertain status, because many management units lack a complete suite of fishing mortality and biomass estimates and associated reference points. For those fishery resources with analytical stock assessments and reference point estimates, fishing mortality has generally been reduced to within prescribed limits. The number of stocks in the ICES area with excessive fishing mortality (i.e., greater than the limit reference point) decreased since 1997, but the number of stocks in need of rebuilding increased as a result of excessive fishing or revised reference points. The number of U.S. stocks with excessive fishing decreased and the number of stocks needing rebuilding decreased as a result of stock recovery, revised reference points, or redefined management units. The number of U.S. stocks with uncertain or undefined status substantially decreased. The large portion of stocks with uncertain status in both systems illustrates that such precautionary control rules are applied only to data-rich stock assessments, and are not being applied to management of fishery resources with the most uncertain stock assessments. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Cadrin, Steven X.] NOAA, UMass Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Pastoors, Martin A.] Wageningen IMARES, NL-1970 AB Ijmuiden, Netherlands. RP Cadrin, SX (reprint author), NOAA, UMass Cooperat Marine Educ & Res Program, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 838 S Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. EM Steven.Cadrin@noaa.gov NR 47 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 0 U2 7 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0165-7836 J9 FISH RES JI Fish Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 94 IS 3 BP 367 EP 372 DI 10.1016/j.fishres.2008.06.004 PG 6 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 386HE UT WOS:000261872200015 ER PT J AU Williams, SR Kritsky, DC Dunnigan, B Lash, R Klein, P AF Williams, Sea Rogers Kritsky, Delane C. Dunnigan, Bridget Lash, Rebecca Klein, Peter TI Gyrodactylus pisculentus sp n. (Monogenoidea: Gyrodactylidae) associated with mortality of the northern pipefish, Syngnathus fuscus (Syngnathiformes: Syngnathidae) at the Woods Hole Science Aquarium SO FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA LA English DT Article DE Monogenoidea; Gyrodactylidae; Gyrodactylus pisculentus; Syngnathus fuscus; Woods Hole Science Aquarium ID MONOGENETIC TREMATODES; MARINE FISHES AB Gyrodactylus pisculentus sp. n. is described from the head, body and fills of the northern pipefish, Syngnathus fuscus Storer (Syngnathidae) from the environs of Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA. The new species is compared with Gyrodactylus shorti and Gyrodactylus syngnathi, species previously recorded from pipefish in the United States and Norway, respectively. Gyrodactylus pisculentus was frequently associated with mortality of northern pipefish held in quarantine at the Woods Hole Science Aquarium during 2002-2005. The clinical account of the infections and treatment protocols are presented. C1 [Kritsky, Delane C.] Idaho State Univ, Coll Hlth Profess, Dept Hlth & Nutr Sci, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. [Williams, Sea Rogers; Dunnigan, Bridget; Lash, Rebecca; Klein, Peter] Woods Hole Sci Aquarium, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Kritsky, DC (reprint author), Idaho State Univ, Coll Hlth Profess, Dept Hlth & Nutr Sci, Campus Box 8090, Pocatello, ID 83209 USA. EM kritdela@isu.edu OI Klein, Peter/0000-0002-3232-3387 NR 10 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 6 PU FOLIA PARASITOLOGICA PI CESKE BUDEJOVICE PA BRANISOVSKA 31,, CESKE BUDEJOVICE 370 05, CZECH REPUBLIC SN 0015-5683 J9 FOLIA PARASIT JI Folia Parasitol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 4 BP 265 EP 269 PG 5 WC Parasitology SC Parasitology GA 395MH UT WOS:000262527700003 PM 19175204 ER PT J AU Vallone, PM Hill, CR Butler, JM AF Vallone, Peter M. Hill, Carolyn R. Butler, John M. TI Demonstration of rapid multiplex PCR amplification involving 16 genetic loci SO FORENSIC SCIENCE INTERNATIONAL-GENETICS LA English DT Article DE Rapid PCR; PCR; STR; DNA typing; Multiplex PCR; Identifiler ID POLYMERASE-CHAIN-REACTION; VALIDATION; SYSTEM; KIT AB Current forensic DNA typing is conducted in approximately 8-10h. Steps include DNA extraction, quantification, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of multiple short tandem repeat (STR) loci, capillary electrophoresis separation with fluorescence detection, data analysis and DNA profile interpretation. The PCR amplification portion of the workflow typically takes approximately 3 h with standard thermal cycling protocols. Here we demonstrate a rapid cycling protocol that amplifies 15 STR loci and the sex-typing marker amelogenin from the Identifiler STR typing kit in less than 36 min. This rapid protocol employs commercially available polymerases and the widely used GeneAmp 9700 thermal cycler. Complete concordance of STR allele calls (for 60 samples) between the rapid and standard thermal Cycling Protocols were observed although there was incomplete adenylation at several of the loci examined and some PCR artifacts were detected. Using less than 750 pg of template DNA and 28 cycles, STR peaks for all loci were above a 150 relative fluorescent unit (RFU) detection threshold with fully adequate inter-locus balance and heterozygote peak height ratios of greater than 0.84. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Vallone, Peter M.; Hill, Carolyn R.; Butler, John M.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Vallone, PM (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8311, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM petev@nist.gov RI Butler, John/C-7812-2011 FU National Institute Of Justice [2003-iJ-R-029]; NIST FX This work is funded in part by the National Institute Of Justice through interagency agreement 2003-iJ-R-029 with the NIST Office of Law Enforcement Standards. Points of view in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the US Department Of justice. NR 14 TC 34 Z9 39 U1 3 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD PI CLARE PA ELSEVIER HOUSE, BROOKVALE PLAZA, EAST PARK SHANNON, CO, CLARE, 00000, IRELAND SN 1872-4973 J9 FORENSIC SCI INT-GEN JI Forensic Sci. Int.-Genet. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 3 IS 1 BP 42 EP 45 DI 10.1016/j.fsigen.2008.09.005 PG 4 WC Genetics & Heredity; Medicine, Legal SC Genetics & Heredity; Legal Medicine GA 396PV UT WOS:000262604500008 PM 19083866 ER PT J AU Maus, S AF Maus, Stefan TI On the applicability of the frozen flux approximation in core flow modelling as a function of temporal frequency and spatial degree SO GEOPHYSICAL JOURNAL INTERNATIONAL LA English DT Article DE Geomagnetic induction ID SECULAR VARIATION; SURFACE; GEODYNAMO; INVERSION; MOTIONS; FIELD AB The secular variation of the geomagnetic field is due to flow of molten iron in the Earth's core. One can invert for the flow at the core-surface, assuming that the magnetic field is frozen into the core fluid. The validity of the frozen flux approximation (FFA) depends on the scale length of the magnetic field and the period of core motions. A first-order quantitative assessment can be made by solving the induction equation for a spherical conductor oscillating in an ambient magnetic field. The period, at which the FFA holds, strongly decreases with increasing spherical harmonic degree of the ambient field. For degrees smaller than five, the flux of the ambient magnetic field can be considered as frozen-in for periods of more than a thousand years. For ambient magnetic fields of spherical harmonic degree 10 and higher, the FFA still holds up to periods of about a hundred years. However, the real situation in the core could be more complex if the field cannot be assumed as ambient but is generated by the flow itself. C1 [Maus, Stefan] NOAA E GC1, Natl Geophys Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Maus, S (reprint author), Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM stefan.maus@noaa.gov OI Maus, Stefan/0000-0002-9604-3878 NR 23 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 0 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0956-540X J9 GEOPHYS J INT JI Geophys. J. Int. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 175 IS 3 BP 853 EP 856 DI 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2008.03972.x PG 4 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 376LL UT WOS:000261185000006 ER PT J AU Hughes, MK Diaz, HF AF Hughes, M. K. Diaz, H. F. TI Climate variability and change in the drylands of Western North America SO GLOBAL AND PLANETARY CHANGE LA English DT Article DE Western North America; semi-arid regions; natural and anthropogenic climatic change; climate variability; paleoclimatic reconstructions; drought ID TREE-RING RECORDS; UNITED-STATES; PRECIPITATION PATTERNS; DROUGHT FREQUENCY; SIERRA-NEVADA; MEDIEVAL TIME; GREAT-PLAINS; CALIFORNIA; PACIFIC; OSCILLATION AB We argue that it is important to expand the consideration of climate in the context of provision of ecosystem services in drylands. In addition to climate change, it is necessary to include climate variability on timescales relevant to human and ecological considerations, namely interannual to decadal and multidecadal. The period of global instrumental record (about a century and a half long at the very most) is neither an adequate nor an unbiased sample of the range and character of natural climate variability that might be expected with the climate system configured as it is now. We base this on evidence from W. N. America, where there has recently been a major multi-year drought, of a scale and intensity that has occurred several times in the last 2000 years, and on attempts to provide explanations of these phenomena based on physical climatology. Ensembles of runs of forced climate system models suggest the next 50 years will bring much more extensive and intense drought in the continental interior of North America. The trajectory followed by the supply of ecosystem services will be contingent not only on the genotypes available and the antecedent soil, economic and social conditions but also on climate variability and change. The critical features of climate on which patterns of plant growth and water supply depend may vary sharply during and between human generations, resulting in very different experiences and hence, expectations. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Hughes, M. K.] Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. [Diaz, H. F.] NOAA, CIRES, ESRL, PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Hughes, MK (reprint author), Univ Arizona, Tree Ring Res Lab, Tucson, AZ 85721 USA. EM mhughes@ltrr.arizona.edu; Henry.F.Diaz@noaa.gov RI Hughes, Malcolm/F-3350-2014 OI Hughes, Malcolm/0000-0003-1062-3167 FU University of Colorado, Boulder; U.S. National Science Foundation [ATM- 0551986] FX MKH was in receipt of a CIRES Visiting Fellowship at the University of Colorado, Boulder, when this paper was prepared. His contribution was also supported by grant #ATM- 0551986 from the Paleoclimatology program of the U.S. National Science Foundation. He is grateful to the organizers of the 2007 Wengen Workshop for the opportunity to participate. We are grateful to Marty Hoerling of NOAA/ESRL for Fig. 5, and to Jon Eischeid for extensive assistance. NR 52 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0921-8181 J9 GLOBAL PLANET CHANGE JI Glob. Planet. Change PD DEC PY 2008 VL 64 IS 3-4 SI SI BP 111 EP 118 DI 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2008.07.005 PG 8 WC Geography, Physical; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Physical Geography; Geology GA 394EM UT WOS:000262428500002 ER PT J AU Heisler, J Glibert, PM Burkholder, JM Anderson, DM Cochlan, W Dennison, WC Dortch, Q Gobler, CJ Heil, CA Humphries, E Lewitus, A Magnien, R Marshall, HG Sellner, K Stockwell, DA Stoecker, DK Suddleson, M AF Heisler, J. Glibert, P. M. Burkholder, J. M. Anderson, D. M. Cochlan, W. Dennison, W. C. Dortch, Q. Gobler, C. J. Heil, C. A. Humphries, E. Lewitus, A. Magnien, R. Marshall, H. G. Sellner, K. Stockwell, D. A. Stoecker, D. K. Suddleson, M. TI Eutrophication and harmful algal blooms: A scientific consensus SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Review DE Eutrophication; Harmful algal blooms; HABs; Management of nutrients; Nutrient loading; Nutrient composition; Nutrient pollution; US EPA; Water quality ID BROWN-TIDE BLOOMS; AUREOCOCCUS-ANOPHAGEFFERENS PELAGOPHYCEAE; DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; LONG-TERM CHANGES; N-P RATIOS; PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA; PHYTOPLANKTON BLOOMS; CHESAPEAKE BAY; COASTAL BAYS; DOMOIC ACID AB In January 2003, the US Environmental Protection Agency sponsored a "roundtable discussion" to develop a consensus on the relationship between eutrophication and harmful algal blooms (HABs), specifically targeting those relationships for which management actions may be appropriate. Academic, federal, and state agency representatives were in attendance. The following seven statements were unanimously adopted by attendees based on review and analysis of current as well as pertinent previous data: (1) Degraded water quality from increased nutrient pollution promotes the development and persistence of many HABs and is one of the reasons for their expansion in the U.S. and other nations; (2) The composition-not just the total quantity-of the nutrient pool impacts HABs; (3) High-biomass blooms must have exogenous nutrients to be sustained; (4) Both chronic and episodic nutrient delivery promote HAB development; (5) Recently developed tools and techniques are already improving the detection of some HABs, and emerging technologies are rapidly advancing toward operational status for the prediction of HABs and their toxins; (6) Experimental studies are critical to further the understanding about the role of nutrients in HABs expression, and will strengthen prediction and mitigation of HABs; and (7) Management of nutrient inputs to the watershed can lead to significant reduction in HABs. Supporting evidence and pertinent examples for each consensus statement are provided herein. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Heisler, J.] US EPA, Oceans & Coastal Protect Div, Marine Pollut Control Branch, Washington, DC 20460 USA. [Glibert, P. M.; Dennison, W. C.; Stoecker, D. K.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Burkholder, J. M.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Appl Aquat Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Anderson, D. M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Cochlan, W.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Dortch, Q.; Suddleson, M.] NOAA, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Gobler, C. J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Heil, C. A.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Humphries, E.] Delaware Dept Nat Resources & Environm Control, Div Water Resources, Dover, DE 19901 USA. [Lewitus, A.] Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. [Lewitus, A.] Univ S Carolina, Baruch Marine Lab, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. [Lewitus, A.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Magnien, R.] Maryland Dept Nat Resources, Annapolis, MD 21401 USA. [Marshall, H. G.] Old Dominion Univ, Dept Biol Sci, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Sellner, K.] Chesapeake Res Consortium, Edgewater, MD 21037 USA. [Stockwell, D. A.] Univ Alaska Fairbanks, Inst Marine Sci, Fairbanks, AK 99775 USA. RP Glibert, PM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM glibert@hpl.umces.edu RI Dennison, William/D-7739-2012; stoecker, diane/F-9341-2013; glibert, patricia/G-1026-2013 OI glibert, patricia/0000-0001-5690-1674 FU US EPA; NOAA MERHAB [NA04NOS4780241]; University of Maryland [4120] FX The "roundtable" discussion which forms the basis of this paper was funded by the US EPA. Meeting support was provided by Battelle. J. Hawkey assisted with logistics and graphics. PMG's time to prepare this manuscript was provided by grant NA04NOS4780241 from NOAA MERHAB. This is contribution number 4120 from the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science and MERHAB contrubution number 58.[SS] NR 158 TC 458 Z9 488 U1 71 U2 446 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 3 EP 13 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.006 PG 11 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 384RR UT WOS:000261762400002 ER PT J AU Bricker, SB Longstaf, B Dennison, W Jones, A Boicourt, K Wicks, C Woerner, J AF Bricker, S. B. Longstaf, B. Dennison, W. Jones, A. Boicourt, K. Wicks, C. Woerner, J. TI Effects of nutrient enrichment in the nation's estuaries: A decade of change SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Algae; Dissolved oxygen; Eutrophication; Nitrogen; HABs; Nutrients; Submerged aquatic vegetation ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; COASTAL BAYS; AUREOCOCCUS-ANOPHAGEFFERENS; UNITED-STATES; EUTROPHICATION ASSESSMENT; WATER-QUALITY; BROWN TIDE; USA; MARYLAND; PHYTOPLANKTON AB An updated assessment of nutrient related impacts in US estuaries was completed in 2007. This assessment evaluates three components for each estuary: the influencing factors (e.g. land use, nutrient loads), the overall eutrophic condition (e.g. chlorophyll a. presence of nuisance/toxic algae and macroalgae, extent of dissolved oxygen problems, loss of submerged aquatic vegetation), and future outlook. Eutrophication is a widespread problem with 65% of assessed systems showing moderate to high region was the mid-Atlantic. The majority of estuaries assessed, with level problems. The most impacted reg the exception of North Atlantic systems (Cape Cod north to Maine), are highly influenced by human related activities that contribute to land-based nutrient loads. Conditions were predicted to worsen in 65% and to improve in 19% of the assessed estuaries in the future. Analysis of the extent of change from the early 1990s to the early 2000s, for those systems for which sufficient data were available, shows that conditions mostly remained the same (32 of 58 systems) though changes were observed in several smaller systems; 13 systems improved and 13 systems worsened. Chlorophyll a and HAB impacts have increased in the mid-Atlantic region, the only region with data adequate for comparison. These symptoms are more prevalent in systems with longer residence times, such as coastal lagoons. The successful restoration of seagrass in Tampa Bay is encouraging though future management to sustain the recovery will be difficult given expected population increases. This national assessment illustrates the need for coordinated and integrated action that balances management action, efficient monitoring to assess the effectiveness of the management, focused research, and a communication campaign aimed at engaging the broader community. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Bricker, S. B.] NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Longstaf, B.; Boicourt, K.; Wicks, C.] NOAA, Chesapeake Bay Off, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Longstaf, B.; Boicourt, K.; Wicks, C.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cooperat Oxford Lab, Oxford, MD 21654 USA. [Dennison, W.; Jones, A.; Woerner, J.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. RP Bricker, SB (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Coastal Ocean Sci, 1305 East West Highway,Floor 9, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM suzanne.bricker@noaa.gov RI Dennison, William/D-7739-2012; Osborne, Nicholas/N-4915-2015 OI Osborne, Nicholas/0000-0002-6700-2284 NR 42 TC 131 Z9 136 U1 20 U2 125 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 EI 1878-1470 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 SI SI BP 21 EP 32 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.028 PG 12 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 384RR UT WOS:000261762400004 ER PT J AU Glibert, PM Mayorga, E Seitzinger, S AF Glibert, Patricia M. Mayorga, Emilio Seitzinger, Sybil TI Prorocentrum minimum tracks anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus inputs. on a global basis: Application of spatially explicit nutrient export models SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Anthropogenic nitrogen and phosphorus; Eutrophication; Global nutrient export; Harmful algae; Prorocentrum minimum ID HARMFUL ALGAL BLOOMS; COASTAL EUTROPHICATION; LABORATORY CULTURES; BIOAVAILABILITY; PHYTOPLANKTON; WATER; SEA AB Nutrient over-enrichment from land-based sources has degraded estuarine and coastal marine waters worldwide. Linking nutrient loading, in magnitude and form, to specific ecosystem effects, however, has been a challenge on the global scale. The harmful algal species Prorocentrum minimum has long been thought to be associated with eutrophication based on several site-specific long-term databases and a previous review of its global spreading. Using recently developed spatially explicit models that quantify global river nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) export to the coastal zone and the contribution of natural and anthropogenic sources, as well as a review of the global distribution of P. minimum, we show that this HAB species is associated with regions of high dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) exports that are strongly influenced by anthropogenic sources (such as fertilizers and manures for DIN). Blooms of this species were also linked to regions with relatively high anthropogenic contributions to dissolved organic N and P export. The global distribution of this species is expected to expand, given that nutrient inputs to watersheds from agriculture, sewage and fossil fuel combustion are projected to more than double by 2050 unless technological advances and policy changes are implemented. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Glibert, Patricia M.] Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Mayorga, Emilio; Seitzinger, Sybil] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers NOAA CMER Program, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Glibert, PM (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Ctr Environm Sci, Horn Point Lab, POB 775, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. EM glibert@hpl.umces.edu RI glibert, patricia/G-1026-2013; OI glibert, patricia/0000-0001-5690-1674; Mayorga, Emilio/0000-0003-2574-4623 FU Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR); UNESCO; Coastal Ocean Research; NSF; UNEP; University of Maryland [4168] FX We thank the contributors to Global NEWS, especially J. Harrison t al., and E. Dumont, for use of these maps, and two anonymous reviewers 90), for their helpful comments. This is a contribution of the GEOHAB !use Core Research Project on HABs and Eutrophication and the Global 05), NEWS program. GEOHAB is supported by the Scientific Committee on Oceanic Research (SCOR) and by the Intergovernmental Oceanic Commission (IOC) of UNESCO, which in turn is supported by the n A NOAA Center for Sponsored Coastal Ocean Research, NSF and other agencies. Global NEWS is also supported by the IOC, which in turn has been supported by NOAA, NSF, and the UNEP. This is a contribution of the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, No. 4168.[SS] NR 49 TC 35 Z9 37 U1 6 U2 27 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 33 EP 38 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.023 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 384RR UT WOS:000261762400005 ER PT J AU Anderson, DM Burkholder, JM Cochlan, WP Glibert, PM Gobler, CJ Heil, CA Kudela, RM Parsons, ML Rensel, JEJ Townsend, DW Trainer, VL Vargo, GA AF Anderson, Donald M. Burkholder, Joann M. Cochlan, William P. Glibert, Patricia M. Gobler, Christopher J. Heil, Cynthia A. Kudela, Raphael M. Parsons, Michael L. Rensel, J. E. Jack Townsend, David W. Trainer, Vera L. Vargo, Gabriel A. TI Harmful algal blooms and eutrophication: Examining linkages from selected coastal regions of the United States SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Review DE Eutrophication; Harmful algal blooms (HABs); Nitrogen; Nutrients; Phosphorus; Red tides ID BROWN-TIDE BLOOMS; ALEXANDRIUM-FUNDYENSE BLOOMS; DISSOLVED ORGANIC NITROGEN; DIATOM PSEUDO-NITZSCHIA; DOMOIC ACID PRODUCTION; AUREOCOCCUS-ANOPHAGEFFERENS CHRYSOPHYCEAE; PFIESTERIA-PISCICIDA DINOPHYCEAE; GULF-OF-MEXICO; CHESAPEAKE BAY; NUTRIENT ENRICHMENT AB Coastal waters of the United States (U.S.) are subject to many of the major harmful algal bloom (HAB) poisoning syndromes and impacts. These include paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), neurotoxic shellfish.; poisoning (NSP), amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP), ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) and various other HAB phenomena such as fish kills, loss of submerged vegetation, shellfish mortalities, and widespread marine mammal mortalities. Here, the occurrences of selected HABs in a selected set of regions are described in terms of their relationship to eutrophication, illustrating I a range of responses. Evidence suggestive of changes in the frequency, extent or magnitude of HABs in these areas is explored in the context of the nutrient sources underlying those blooms, both natural and anthropogenic. In some regions of the U.S., the linkages between HABs and eutrophication are clear and well documented, whereas in others, information is limited, thereby highlighting important areas for further research. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Anderson, Donald M.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Burkholder, Joann M.] N Carolina State Univ, Ctr Appl Aquat Ecol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. [Cochlan, William P.] San Francisco State Univ, Romberg Tiburon Ctr Environm Studies, Tiburon, CA 94920 USA. [Glibert, Patricia M.] Univ Maryland, Horn Point Lab, Ctr Environm Sci, Cambridge, MD 21613 USA. [Gobler, Christopher J.] SUNY Stony Brook, Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Stony Brook, NY 11794 USA. [Heil, Cynthia A.] Fish & Wildlife Res Inst, Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Kudela, Raphael M.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Ocean Sci & Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Parsons, Michael L.] Florida Gulf Coast Univ, Dept Marine & Ecol Sci, Ft Myers, FL 33965 USA. [Rensel, J. E. Jack] Rensel Associates Aquat Sci, Arlington, WA 98223 USA. [Townsend, David W.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Vargo, Gabriel A.] Univ S Florida, Coll Marine Sci, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. RP Anderson, DM (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, MS 32, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM danderson@whoi.edu RI glibert, patricia/G-1026-2013 OI glibert, patricia/0000-0001-5690-1674 FU Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health; National Science Foundation (NSF) [OCE-9808173, OCE-0430724, OCE-0234587, OCE04-32479, OCE0138544, OCE-9981617]; National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) [P50ES012742-01, P50ES01 2740]; NOAA [NA960POO99, NAI 60P1 450, NA96POO084, NA160C2936, NA108H-C, NA860P0493, NA04NOS4780241, NA04NOS4780239-02, NA06NOS4780245]; West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health; USEPA [CR826792-01-0]; State of Florida Grant [S7701617826]; University of Maryland FX We thank L. Brand for helping with issues relating to K. brevis blooms in Florida and M. Thomas for analysis of nutrient data presented in Fig. 1, and for the helpful comments of two anonymous reviewers. Support was provided through the Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health (to DMA), National Science Foundation (NSF) Grants OCE-9808173 and OCE-0430724 (to DMA), OCE-0234587 (to WPC), OCE04-32479 (to MLP), OCE0138544 (to RMK), OCE-9981617 (to PMG), National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS) Grants P50ES012742-01 (to DMA) and P50ES01 2740 (to MLP); NOAA Grants NA960POO99 (to DMA), NAI 60P1 450 (to VLT), NA96POO084 (to GAV and CAH), NA160C2936 and NA108H-C (to RMK), NA860P0493 and NA04NOS4780241 (to PMG), NA04NOS4780239-02 (to RMK), NA06NOS4780245 (to DWT). Support was also provided from the West Coast Center for Oceans and Human Health (to VLT and WPC), USEPA Grant CR826792-01-0 (to GAV and CAH), and the State of Florida Grant S7701617826 (to GAV and CAH). This is ECOHAB contribution #288 and #4204 from the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. [SS] NR 199 TC 203 Z9 211 U1 42 U2 223 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 39 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.017 PG 15 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 384RR UT WOS:000261762400006 PM 19956363 ER PT J AU Lewitus, AJ Brock, LM Burke, MK DeMattio, KA Wilde, SB AF Lewitus, Alan J. Brock, Larissa M. Burke, Marianne K. DeMattio, Krista A. Wilde, Susan B. TI Lagoonal stormwater detention ponds as promoters of harmful algal blooms and eutrophication along the South Carolina coast SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Best management practices; Constructed wetlands; Harmful algal blooms; Lagoonal estuaries; Stormwater detention ponds ID OYSTER CRASSOSTREA-VIRGINICA AB In the rapidly urbanizing coastal zone of South Carolina, intensive landscape maintenance and turf management are significant sources of nonpoint source pollutant loadings. The best management practice of choice for storm water in this region is wet detention ponds, the majority of which are brackish lagoons. Typically, storm water is piped directly into the ponds, but ponds have limited capacity for processing pollutants. These eutrophic brackish ponds are "hot spots" for harmful algal blooms (HABs)over 200 blooms from 23 different species were documented over the last 4 years, many associated with measured toxins, fish kills or shellfish health problems. Because these ponds exchange with tidal creeks, they are potential sources for HAB dispersion into adjacent estuaries. Also, flux measurements indicated that groundwater was both a source of nutrients to the ponds and a mechanism for transporting nutrients from the ponds. These findings suggest that manmade ponds as presently designed along the SC coast may contribute to estuarine eutrophication and HAB prevalence. A summary of HAB occurrences in SC lagoonal ponds from 2001 to 2005 is presented, and a project is described that simulates the effectiveness of constructed wetlands as a supplementary best management practice designed to process stormwater and groundwater and remove nutrients prior to entering wet detention ponds. Published by Elsevier B.V. C1 [Lewitus, Alan J.; Wilde, Susan B.] Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine Biol & Coastal Res, Baruch Marine Lab, Georgetown, SC 29442 USA. [Lewitus, Alan J.; Brock, Larissa M.; DeMattio, Krista A.; Wilde, Susan B.] Marine Resources Res Inst, S Carolina Dept Nat Resources, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Burke, Marianne K.] US Forest Serv, USDA, SRS, Coweeta Hydrol Lab, Otto, NC 28763 USA. RP Lewitus, AJ (reprint author), NOAA, 1305 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM alan.lewitus@noaa.gov FU South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium grants [V473]; NOAA [NA060A0675]; CDC [V2C6]; SCDNR's Marine Resources Research Institute; USC's Belle W. Baruch Institute [1487]; ECOHAB [296]; [NA05NOS4261092] FX We thank Sadie Drescher, Ken Hayes, Dan Hitchcock, Jason Kempton, Chuck Keppler, Krista McKracken (formerly Krista Bunker), Norm Shea, Andrew Shuler, Bill Strosnider, and David White for their contributions to this project. This research was supported in part by the South Carolina Sea Grant Consortium grants V473, NOAA grants NA060A0675 and NA05NOS4261092, and CDC grant V2C6. This is contribution 641 of SCDNR's Marine Resources Research Institute, contribution 1487 of USC's Belle W. Baruch Institute, and ECOHAB contribution 296.[SS] NR 19 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 5 U2 37 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 60 EP 65 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.012 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 384RR UT WOS:000261762400008 ER PT J AU Sipler, R Seitzinger, S AF Sipler, Rachel Seitzinger, Sybil TI Use of electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry to investigate complex dissolved organic matter (DOM) and its potential applications in phytoplankton research SO HARMFUL ALGAE LA English DT Article DE Algal blooms; Dissolved organic matter; Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry; Nutrients; Dissolved organic carbon ID CHEMICAL-CHARACTERIZATION; MARINE PHYTOPLANKTON; NITROGEN; RESOLUTION; BIOAVAILABILITY; GROWTH; CARBON; ACIDS; DEGRADATION; FORMULAS AB Organic nutrients are one of many factors considered to be important in the growth and proliferation of phytoplankton including many species that cause harmful algal blooms (HABs). Several studies have investigated the effects of known organic compounds on phytoplankton growth, however, the role of natural dissolved organic matter (DOM) in phytoplankton nutrition remains understudied at the compound level. This lack of research is due in part to analytical limitations for the characterization of DOM compounds. Electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry (MS) provides an unprecedented level of chemical information on thousands of organic compounds that comprise the bulk DOM pool. In this paper we provide a brief overview of some of the benefits and caveats of using ESI to investigate DOM in natural freshwater and marine systems and show an example of ESI-MS DOM characterization for a natural bloom of the raphidophyte Chattonella cf. verruculosa. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Sipler, Rachel; Seitzinger, Sybil] Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Rutgers NOAA CMER Program, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. RP Sipler, R (reprint author), Rutgers State Univ, Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Rutgers NOAA CMER Program, 71 Dudley Rd, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 USA. EM sipler@marine.rutgers.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations (NOAA) [NJSG-R/ES-2004-1]; NOAA South Florida Program-2006 [NA06NOS-4780075]; [NJSG-07-676] FX This material is based on work supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations (NOAA) Sea Grant Program grant NJSG-R/ES-2004-1 (publication. no. NJSG-07-676) and the NOAA South Florida Program-2006 award number NA06NOS-4780075. Any opinions, findings and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this materials are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA.[SS] NR 47 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 2 U2 22 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1568-9883 J9 HARMFUL ALGAE JI Harmful Algae PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 1 BP 182 EP 187 DI 10.1016/j.hal.2008.08.022 PG 6 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 384RR UT WOS:000261762400022 ER PT J AU da Silva, PP Hall-Arber, M AF da Silva, Patricia Pinto Hall-Arber, Madeleine TI Introduction: Weathering the storms: Vulnerability and resilience in the Northeast fishing industry SO HUMAN ECOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [da Silva, Patricia Pinto] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Hall-Arber, Madeleine] MIT, Sea Grant Coll Program, Ctr Marine Social Sci, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RP da Silva, PP (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. NR 0 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SOC HUMAN ECOLOGY PI BAR HARBOR PA 105 EDEN ST, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609 USA SN 1074-4827 J9 HUM ECOL REV JI Hum. Ecol. Rev. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 141 EP 142 PG 2 WC Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA 297NY UT WOS:000255624600003 ER PT J AU Tuler, S Agyeman, J da Silva, PP LoRusso, KR Kay, R AF Tuler, Seth Agyeman, Julian da Silva, Patricia Pinto LoRusso, Karen Roth Kay, Rebecca TI Assessing vulnerabilities: Integrating information about driving forces that affect risks and resilience in fishing communities SO HUMAN ECOLOGY REVIEW LA English DT Article DE vulnerability assessment; marine fisheries; social impact assessment; fishery management ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; SYSTEM; WATER AB Those engaging in fishing-related activities and the communities in which they live face many and varied pressures. Resource depletion and the associated regulatory responses impose constraints on fishing activities and can exacerbate economic and social pressures on fisheries stakeholders. Other factors, such as increasing coastal development and shifting demographics, have brought additional threats to the sustainability of fisheries and those dependent on them. Regional fisheries management councils and the National Marine Fisheries Service are required to consider the potential benefits and costs of proposed management measures, as well as vulnerabilities and risks to fishermen and fishing communities resulting from these measures. However, social and economic data related to fishery stakeholders are not always readily available. Additionally, information on specific sub-groups that may have special needs and vulnerabilities in terms of the potential for disproportionate impacts resulting from proposed measures is even more illusive. A large number of factors-or driving forces-may contribute to individual and group vulnerability. In this paper we explore the utility, of considering vulnerability in the assessment of potential impacts from fisheries management measures. We begin by reviewing a conceptual framework of vulnerability and the driving forces of vulnerability We then discuss how a consideration of vulnerability can inform managers by presenting results from recent empirical work related to marine fisheries. Finally, we discuss the potential benefits of a specific focus on vulnerability to fisheries management measures. C1 [Tuler, Seth] Social & Environm Res Inst Inc, Greenfield, MA USA. [Agyeman, Julian; LoRusso, Karen Roth] Tufts Univ, Dept Urban & Environm Policy & Planning, Medford, MA 02155 USA. [da Silva, Patricia Pinto] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Kay, Rebecca] New Mexico Environm Dept, Hazardous Waste Bur, Santa Fe, NM USA. RP Tuler, S (reprint author), Social & Environm Res Inst Inc, Greenfield, MA USA. EM sptuler@seri-us.org RI McLean, Laurence /C-7367-2014 NR 58 TC 32 Z9 32 U1 4 U2 17 PU SOC HUMAN ECOLOGY PI BAR HARBOR PA 105 EDEN ST, BAR HARBOR, ME 04609 USA SN 1074-4827 J9 HUM ECOL REV JI Hum. Ecol. Rev. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 15 IS 2 BP 171 EP 184 PG 14 WC Environmental Studies; Sociology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Sociology GA 297NY UT WOS:000255624600006 ER PT J AU Powers, JE Brooks, EN AF Powers, Joseph E. Brooks, Elizabeth N. TI Penalties and rewards for over- and underages of catch allocations SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE allocation; implementation error ID FISHERIES MANAGEMENT; STRATEGIES; COD AB Many fisheries are managed using a total allowable catch (TAC) that is subsequently sub-allocated to different. sheries sectors. These allocations are then monitored separately to ensure the adherence of each fishery to its particular allocation quota and to the overall TAC. In some management arenas, there are systems of "payback" where over- and underages are punished or rewarded using particular decision rules. Differences between fishing gear, the sizes and ages of fish being targeted by those gears, and the spatio-temporal distribution of the fishers using those gears can lead to different precision, accuracy, and cost of monitoring the allocation, affecting the probability that an overall management objective is reached. Weaknesses in monitoring may be exploited by user groups in their competition for larger catches and, subsequently, bigger allocations, so differential monitoring precision and accuracy can lead to both short- and long-term reallocations, i.e. a new set of winners and losers. Simulations in a management strategy evaluation framework were used to demonstrate the implications of alternative decision rules regarding payback on conservation and sustainability objectives and rebuilding time frames. The efficacy of the rules under alternative monitoring systems was also examined. Decision rules allowing payback prolong rebuilding (compared with perfect implementation or more precautionary TACs), especially if monitoring is biased (catches misreported) or imprecise. When precision of reported catches was increased and/or bias decreased, better yields and stock abundance resulted. When overages were penalized and underages not rewarded, recovery was achieved earlier. Conversely, policies in which transgressions were ignored and underages rewarded did not perform well. Underreporting by one nation may result in stocks that are well below the stock size conservation standards, yet produce substantial gains in yield for that nation, unless other nations retaliate by underreporting. C1 [Powers, Joseph E.] Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. [Brooks, Elizabeth N.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Powers, JE (reprint author), Louisiana State Univ, Dept Oceanog & Coastal Sci, 2147 Energy,Coast & Environm Bldg, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA. EM jepowers@lsu.edu FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; National Marine Fisheries Service; Louisiana Board of Regents [NASA(2006)-Stennis-04] FX Support for this study was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, and the Louisiana Board of Regents through grant number NASA(2006)-Stennis-04. NR 21 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 EI 1095-9289 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 65 IS 9 BP 1541 EP 1551 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn133 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 380IN UT WOS:000261459500001 ER PT J AU Tyrrell, MC Link, JS Moustahfid, H Overholtz, WJ AF Tyrrell, Megan C. Link, Jason S. Moustahfid, Hassan Overholtz, William J. TI Evaluating the effect of predation mortality on forage species population dynamics in the Northeast US continental shelf ecosystem using multispecies virtual population analysis SO ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Atlantic herring; Atlantic mackerel; forage species; multispecies virtual population analysis; Northwest Atlantic; predation mortality; recruitment; stock assessment ID BANK FISH COMMUNITY; GEORGES-BANK; MARINE FISHERIES; REFERENCE POINTS; ATLANTIC COD; STOCKS; GULF; SEA; CONSUMPTION; IMPACTS AB An expanded version of multispecies virtual population analysis (MSVPA) is used to analyse the effects of predation by 14 key predators on Atlantic herring and Atlantic mackerel in the Northwest Atlantic ecosystem for the period 1982-2002. For herring, MSVPA produced greater abundance estimates than single-species assessments, especially for the youngest age classes. The average rate of predation mortality for herring aged 0 and 1 was also higher than the standard total natural mortality rate (0.2) for the 21-year time frame (0.84-3.2). The same was true for mackerel in this MSVPA (0.37-1.6). Consumptive removals of herring and mackerel generally increased over time. From 1999 to 2001, the biomass removed by predators exceeded each species' commercial landings. The sum of consumption and landings notably exceeded the multispecies maximum sustainable yield for herring for the years 1995-2002 and for mackerel for the period 1999-2002. We highlight the importance of accounting for predation on forage species in the context of changes to the fish community that have taken place in the Northwest Atlantic over the past few decades. C1 [Tyrrell, Megan C.; Link, Jason S.; Moustahfid, Hassan; Overholtz, William J.] NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. RP Link, JS (reprint author), NOAA, Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM jason.link@noaa.gov FU Lenfest Ocean Program [2004-001492-105] FX We thank the present and past members of the Food Web Dynamics Program (NMFS NEFSC) for maintaining the database that supported this work. The content of this paper benefited from comments provided by K. Curti, M. Fogarty, M. Terceiro, and three anonymous referees. The work was supported by Lenfest Ocean Program Grant Number 2004-001492-105. NR 58 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 15 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 1054-3139 J9 ICES J MAR SCI JI ICES J. Mar. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 65 IS 9 BP 1689 EP 1700 DI 10.1093/icesjms/fsn185 PG 12 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 380IN UT WOS:000261459500017 ER PT J AU Csiszar, IA Schroeder, W AF Csiszar, Ivan A. Schroeder, Wilfrid TI Short-Term Observations of the Temporal Development of Active Fires From Consecutive Same-Day ETM plus and ASTER Imagery in the Amazon: Implications for Active Fire Product Validation SO IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED TOPICS IN APPLIED EARTH OBSERVATIONS AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Fires; satellites AB In this study, we used same-day 30-m spatial resolution Landsat-7/ETM+ and Terra/ASTER data to study the short-term development of active fires in the Brazilian Amazon between the overpasses of the two satellites at approximately 10:00 and 10:30 local times, respectively. We analyzed the spatial progression of fire fronts and the temporal changes in the extent of burning at the scales of the pixel sizes of MODIS (I km) and GOES Imager (4 km). The progression of fire fronts varied between individual fires, but in most cases remained within the scale of a few 30-m pixels, while the total extent of burning detected typically increased during the 30 min between the ETM+ and ASTER observations. This is in accordance with the typical mid-morning upslope part of the diurnal cycle of fire activity observed previously by coarse resolution sensors. We also assessed the potential changes in derived validation results of active fire products from medium and coarse resolution sensors. We derived fire detection probabilities from Terra/MODIS as a function of the total number of 30-m fire pixels from ASTER (representing simultaneous reference data and, hence, the "truth") and separately from ETM+ (representing nonsimultaneous reference data). We found spuriously increased detection probabilities using ETM+ resulting from the observed increase of fire activity between the ETM+ and ASTER acquisitions. While this effect can potentially be corrected for by a statistical adjustment, the overall recommendation is that a temporally unbiased sample of nonsimultaneous reference data should be used for validation. C1 [Csiszar, Ivan A.] NESDIS, NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Schroeder, Wilfrid] Univ Maryland, ESSIC, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. RP Csiszar, IA (reprint author), NESDIS, NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM ivan.csiszar@noaa.gov; wilfrid.schroeder@noaa.gov RI Schroeder, Wilfrid/F-6738-2010; Csiszar, Ivan/D-2396-2010 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) [NNG06GE21A, NNX08AE97A] FX This work was supported in part by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) under Grants NNG06GE21A and NNX08AE97A. The work presented in this paper was performed while 1. Csiszar and W. Schroeder were with the Department of Geography, University of Maryland. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U.S. Government. NR 17 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 6 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1939-1404 J9 IEEE J-STARS JI IEEE J. Sel. Top. Appl. Earth Observ. Remote Sens. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 1 IS 4 BP 248 EP 253 DI 10.1109/JSTARS.2008.2011377 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Geography, Physical; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Engineering; Physical Geography; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 437MV UT WOS:000265492500005 ER PT J AU Olaya, D Baek, B Dresselhaus, PD Benz, SP AF Olaya, David Baek, Burm Dresselhaus, Paul D. Benz, Samuel P. TI High-Speed Nb/Nb-Si/Nb Josephson Junctions for Superconductive Digital Electronics SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON APPLIED SUPERCONDUCTIVITY LA English DT Article DE Amorphous alloy; Josephson junctions; superconducting devices ID ENERGY-GAP STRUCTURE; TUNNEL-JUNCTIONS; CURRENT DENSITY; CIRCUITS; BARRIERS AB Josephson junctions with cosputtered amorphous Nb-Si barriers are being developed at NIST for use in voltage standard circuits. These junctions have the potential for a wide range of applications beyond voltage standards because their electrical properties can be tuned by controlling both the composition and the thickness of the barrier. If the composition of the barrier is tuned so that the resistivity is close to the metal-insulator transition, the high resistivity allows junctions with a large characteristic voltage and reproducible critical-current densities, which should be ideal for high-speed digital superconductive device applications. Because these junctions are intrinsically shunted, there is no need for external shunt resistors, which could start to become a limitation as the development of devices leads to higher critical-current densities and greater circuit densities. Presently, the AlO infinity-barrier junctions used in digital superconducting electronics suffer from poor reproducibility, particularly for the high critical-current densities needed for high-speed applications. In this paper, amorphous Nb-Si barrier junctions with characteristic voltages on the order of 1 mV and characteristic frequencies on the order of hundreds of gigahertz are demonstrated. This junction technology looks promising for applications in high-speed digital electronics. C1 [Olaya, David; Baek, Burm; Dresselhaus, Paul D.; Benz, Samuel P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Olaya, D (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM david.olaya@nist.gov; burm.baek@nist.gov; paul.dresselhaus@nist.gov; benz@boulder.nist.gov NR 17 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1051-8223 EI 1558-2515 J9 IEEE T APPL SUPERCON JI IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 18 IS 4 BP 1797 EP 1800 DI 10.1109/TASC.2008.2007652 PG 4 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 381NS UT WOS:000261543800007 ER PT J AU Gurfinkel, M Horst, JC Suehle, JS Bernstein, JB Shapira, Y Matocha, KS Dunne, G Beaupre, RA AF Gurfinkel, Moshe Horst, Justin C. Suehle, John S. Bernstein, Joseph B. Shapira, Yoram Matocha, Kevin S. Dunne, Greg Beaupre, Richard A. TI Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown of 4H-SiC/SiO2 MOS Capacitors SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON DEVICE AND MATERIALS RELIABILITY LA English DT Article DE Reliability; time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB); 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) MOS capacitors ID SILICON DIOXIDE; OXIDE; RELIABILITY; MOSFETS; MOBILITY AB Time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) is one of the major issues concerning long-range reliability of dielectric layers in SiC-based high-power devices. Despite the extensive research on TDDB Of SiO2 layers on Si, there is a lack of high-quality statistical TDDB data Of SiO2 layers on SiC. This paper presents comprehensive TDDB data of 4H-SiC capacitors with a SiO2 gate insulator collected over a wide range of electric fields and temperatures. The results show that at low fields, the electric field acceleration parameter is between 2.07 and 3.22 cm/MV. At fields higher than 8.5 MV/cm, the electric field acceleration parameter is about 4.6 cm/W, indicating a different failure mechanism under high electric field stress. Thus, lifetime extrapolation must be based on failure data collected below 8.5 MV/cm. Temperature acceleration follows the Arrhenius model with activation energy of about 1 eV, similar to thick SiO2 layers on Si. Based on these experimental data, we propose an accurate model for lifetime assessment of 4H-SiC MOS devices considering electric field and temperature acceleration, area, and failure rate percentile scaling. It is also demonstrated that temperatures as high as 365 degrees C can be used to accelerate TDDB of SiC devices at the wafer level. C1 [Gurfinkel, Moshe; Shapira, Yoram] Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-66978 Tel Aviv, Israel. [Horst, Justin C.; Suehle, John S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bernstein, Joseph B.] Bar Ilan Univ, IL-52900 Ramat Gan, Israel. [Bernstein, Joseph B.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mech Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Matocha, Kevin S.; Dunne, Greg; Beaupre, Richard A.] Gen Elect Global Res, Semicond Technol Lab, Niskayuna, NY 12309 USA. RP Gurfinkel, M (reprint author), Tel Aviv Univ, Sch Elect Engn, IL-66978 Tel Aviv, Israel. EM moshegur@post.tau.ac.il FU NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs (OMP); Office of Naval Research (ONR) FX Manuscript received April 1, 2008; revised May 15, 2008. Current version published January 8, 2009. This work was supported in part by the NIST Office of Microelectronics Programs (OMP) and in part by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). NR 23 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 3 U2 11 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1530-4388 J9 IEEE T DEVICE MAT RE JI IEEE Trans. Device Mater. Reliab. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 8 IS 4 BP 635 EP 641 DI 10.1109/TDMR.2008.2001182 PG 7 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Physics GA 390KR UT WOS:000262163500002 ER PT J AU Wang, LK Cao, CY AF Wang, Likun Cao, Changyong TI On-Orbit Calibration Assessment of AVHRR Longwave Channels on MetOp-A Using IASI SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING LA English DT Article DE Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR); hyperspectral; Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI); intercalibration; radiance; remote sensing ID HIGH-RESOLUTION RADIOMETER; INFRARED CHANNELS; NONLINEARITY CORRECTIONS; THERMAL CALIBRATION; SATELLITE; CONTAMINATION; CLIMATE; NOAA-16 AB Accurate and precise satellite radiance measurements are important for data assimilations in numerical weather prediction models and for climate-change detection. After the successful launch of the Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI), several studies have indicated that the IASI radiance measurements are well calibrated and maintain superb spectral and radiometric calibration accuracy. Owing to its hyperspectral nature and high-quality measurements, the IASI radiance can serve as a relative reference to independently assess the radiance measurements of broad- or narrow-band instruments that share the same spectral region. In this paper, we demonstrate the utility of the IASI radiances to evaluate the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) infrared (IR) channel measurements. The coregistered AVHRR pixels inside each IASI pixel are averaged spatially. We then compared the spatially averaged radiance from AVHRR IR channels with IASI by convolving the IASI-measured spectra with the AVHRR spectral response functions. It was found that, statistically, the temperature observed from AVHRR channels 4 and 5 is slightly warmer than that in IASI for the brightness temperature (BT) range of 200 K-300 K. The mean BT difference (IASI minus AVHRR) is less than 0.4 K with a standard deviation of similar to 0.3 K for AVHRR channels 4 and 5. The BT difference between IASI and AVHRR IR channels is scene-temperature dependent for both channels 4 and 5, which is probably caused by the nonlinearity of the AVHRR detectors. Both AVHRR channels 4 and 5 show slight scan-dependent bias with maximum differences of approximately similar to 0.2 K (with AVHRR being warmer than IASI) at both ends of the scan. C1 [Wang, Likun] Perot Syst Govt Serv Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. [Cao, Changyong] Natl Ocean Atmospher Adm, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Wang, LK (reprint author), Perot Syst Govt Serv Inc, Fairfax, VA 22031 USA. EM Likun.Wang@noaa.gov RI Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010; Wang, Likun/B-7524-2008 OI Wang, Likun/0000-0001-5646-9746 FU Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR); Office of System Development (OSD); National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS); National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) FX Manuscript received January 9, 2008 revised May 9, 2008. Current version published November 26, 2008. This work was supported in part by the Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) and in part by the Office of System Development (OSD), National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS), National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). NR 33 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 1 U2 7 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0196-2892 EI 1558-0644 J9 IEEE T GEOSCI REMOTE JI IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sensing PD DEC PY 2008 VL 46 IS 12 BP 4005 EP 4013 DI 10.1109/TGRS.2008.2001062 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Engineering; Remote Sensing; Imaging Science & Photographic Technology GA 385GC UT WOS:000261801700005 ER PT J AU Shen, XL Dietlein, CR Grossman, E Popovic, Z Meyer, FG AF Shen, Xilin Dietlein, Charles R. Grossman, Erich Popovic, Zoya Meyer, Francois G. TI Detection and Segmentation of Concealed Objects in Terahertz Images SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON IMAGE PROCESSING LA English DT Article DE Object detection; segmentation; terahertz imaging ID MILLIMETER-WAVE IMAGES; ANISOTROPIC DIFFUSION; PROCESSING TECHNIQUES; WEAPONS DETECTION; SUPERRESOLUTION; RESTORATION; MICROBOLOMETER; ENHANCEMENT; ALGORITHMS AB Terahertz imaging makes it possible to acquire images of objects concealed underneath clothing by measuring the radiometric temperatures of different objects on a human subject. The goal of this work is to automatically detect and segment concealed objects in broadband 0.1-1 THz images. Due to the inherent physical properties of passive terahertz imaging and associated hardware, images have poor contrast and low signal to noise ratio. Standard segmentation algorithms are unable to segment or detect concealed objects. Our approach relies on two stages. First, we remove the noise from the image using the anisotropic diffusion algorithm. We then detect the boundaries of the concealed objects. We use a mixture of Gaussian densities to model the distribution of the temperature inside the image. We then evolve curves along the isocontours of the image to identify the concealed objects. We have compared our approach with two state-of-the-art segmentation methods. Both methods fail to identify the concealed objects, while our method accurately detected the objects. In addition, our approach was more accurate than a state-of-the-art supervised image segmentation algorithm that required that the concealed objects be already identified. Our approach is completely unsupervised and could work in real-time on dedicated hardware. C1 [Shen, Xilin] Yale Univ, Dept Radiol, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. [Dietlein, Charles R.; Popovic, Zoya; Meyer, Francois G.] Univ Colorado, Dept Elect Engn, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Grossman, Erich] NIST, Div Optoelect, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Shen, XL (reprint author), Yale Univ, Dept Radiol, New Haven, CT 06519 USA. EM fmeyer@colorado.edu RI Meyer, Francois/E-3788-2010; Shen, Xilin /F-4349-2011 OI Meyer, Francois/0000-0002-1529-3796; FU National Science Foundation [ECS-0501578]; U.S. government FX This work was supported by the National Science Foundation, project ECS-0501578. NIST is an agency of the U.S. government: therefore, this work is not subject to copyright. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Ercan E. Kuruoglu. NR 46 TC 32 Z9 34 U1 2 U2 18 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 1057-7149 J9 IEEE T IMAGE PROCESS JI IEEE Trans. Image Process. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 17 IS 12 BP 2465 EP 2475 DI 10.1109/TIP.2008.2006662 PG 11 WC Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 373YH UT WOS:000261008900018 PM 19004716 ER PT J AU Mohanty, P Sarkar, S Kasturi, R Phillips, PJ AF Mohanty, Pranab Sarkar, Sudeep Kasturi, Rangachar Phillips, P. Jonathon TI Subspace Approximation of Face Recognition Algorithms: An Empirical Study SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INFORMATION FORENSICS AND SECURITY LA English DT Article DE Affine approximation; error in indexing; face recognition; indexing; indexing face templates; linear modeling; local manifold structure; multidimensional scaling; security and privacy; subspace approximation; template reconstruction ID PERFORMANCE; DATABASES; MODELS; SYSTEM; SCORES AB We present a theory for constructing linear subspace approximations to face-recognition algorithms and empirically demonstrate that a surprisingly diverse set of face-recognition approaches can be approximated well by using a linear model. A linear model, built using a training set of face images, is specified in terms of a linear subspace spanned by, possibly nonorthogonal vectors. We divide the linear transformation used to project face images into this linear subspace into two parts: 1) a rigid transformation obtained through principal component analysis, followed by a nonrigid, affine transformation. The construction of the affine subspace involves embedding of a training set of face images constrained by the distances between them, as computed by the face-recognition algorithm being approximated. We accomplish this embedding by iterative majorization, initialized by classical MDS. Any new face image is projected into this embedded space using an affine transformation. We empirically demonstrate the adequacy of the linear model using six different face-recognition algorithms, spanning template-based and feature-based approaches, with a complete separation of the training and test sets. A subset of the face-recognition grand challenge training set is used to model the algorithms and the performance of the proposed modeling scheme is evaluated on the facial recognition technology (FERET) data set. The experimental results show that the average error in modeling for six algorithms is 6.3% at 0.001 false acceptance rate for the FERET fafb probe set which has 1195 subjects, the most among all of the FERET experiments. The built subspace approximation not only matches the recognition rate for the original approach, but the local manifold structure, as measured by the similarity of identity of nearest neighbors, is also modeled well. We found, on average, 87% similarity of the local neighborhood. We also demonstrate the usefulness of the linear model for algorithm-dependent indexing of face databases and find that it results in more than 20 times reduction in face comparisons for Bayesian, elastic bunch graph matching, and one proprietary algorithm. C1 [Mohanty, Pranab; Sarkar, Sudeep; Kasturi, Rangachar] Univ S Florida, Dept Comp Sci & Engn, Tampa, FL 33620 USA. [Phillips, P. Jonathon] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Mohanty, P (reprint author), Aware Inc, Bedford, MA 01730 USA. EM pkmohant@cse.usf.edu; sarkar@cse.usf.edu; r1k@cse.usf.edu; jonathon@nist.gov RI Sarkar, Sudeep/A-8213-2009 OI Sarkar, Sudeep/0000-0001-7332-4207 FU USF Computational Tools for Discovery Thrust FX This work was supported in part by the USF Computational Tools for Discovery Thrust. The associate editor coordinating the review of this manuscript and approving it for publication was Dr. Ton Kalker. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 2 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 1556-6013 EI 1556-6021 J9 IEEE T INF FOREN SEC JI IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensic Secur. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 3 IS 4 BP 734 EP 748 DI 10.1109/TIFS.2008.2007242 PG 15 WC Computer Science, Theory & Methods; Engineering, Electrical & Electronic SC Computer Science; Engineering GA 378GY UT WOS:000261310400014 ER PT J AU Toonen, RC Haselby, CC Blick, RH AF Toonen, Ryan Christopher Haselby, Cyrus C. Blick, Robert H. TI An Ultrawideband Cross-Correlation Radiometer for Mesoscopic Experiments SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INSTRUMENTATION AND MEASUREMENT LA English DT Article DE Correlation; correlators; microwave radiometry; noise; noise measurement; quantum-effect semiconductor devices; radiometry; temperature measurement ID HANBURY-BROWN AB We have designed, built, and tested a cross-correlation radiometer for detecting quantum statistical fluctuations in mesoscopic experiments. We present the details of our design and the results of our characterization. Our instrument operates over the X- and Ku-bands (8-18 GHz). Digital signal processing techniques are used to provide robustness against instrumentation drifts and offsets. The economized version of our instrument can detect, with sufficient correlation efficiency, noise signals having power levels as low as 10 fW. The modularity of our design allows one to easily alter the specifications (such as the bandwidth and the sensitivity) by simply replacing individual components. Index Terms-Correlation, correlators, microwave radiometry, noise, noise measurement, quantum-effect semiconductor devices, radiometry, temperature measurement. C1 [Toonen, Ryan Christopher] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Haselby, Cyrus C.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Elect Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Blick, Robert H.] Univ Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Toonen, RC (reprint author), USA, Res Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD 21005 USA. NR 22 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855-4141 USA SN 0018-9456 EI 1557-9662 J9 IEEE T INSTRUM MEAS JI IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 57 IS 12 BP 2874 EP 2879 DI 10.1109/TIM.2008.925011 PG 6 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 373YF UT WOS:000261008700023 ER PT J AU Fabozzi, F Jones, CD Hegner, B Lista, L AF Fabozzi, Francesco Jones, Christopher D. Hegner, Benedikt Lista, Luca TI Physics Analysis Tools for the CMS Experiment at LHC SO IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON NUCLEAR SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Programming; software tools AB The CMS experiment is expected to start data taking during 2008, and large data samples, of the Peta-bytes scale, will be produced each year. The CMS Physics Tools package provides the CMS physicist with a powerful and flexible software layer for analysis of these huge datasets that is well integrated in the CMS experiment software. C++ generic programming is used to allow simple extensions of analysis tools. A core part of this package is the Candidate Model providing a coherent interface to different types of data. Standard tasks such as combinatorial analyses, generic cuts, MC truth matching and constrained fitting are supported. Advanced template techniques enable the user to add missing features easily. We explain the underlying model, certain details of the implementation and present some use cases showing how the tools are currently used in generator and full simulation studies as preparation for analysis of real data. C1 [Fabozzi, Francesco] Univ Basilicata, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Fabozzi, Francesco; Lista, Luca] Ist Nazl Fis Nucl, Sez Napoli, I-80126 Naples, Italy. [Jones, Christopher D.] Cornell Univ, Ithaca, NY 14853 USA. [Hegner, Benedikt] CERN, European Org Nucl Res, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Hegner, Benedikt] DESY, Deutsch Elektronen Synchrotron, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. [Fabozzi, Francesco] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Fabozzi, F (reprint author), Univ Basilicata, Complesso Univ Monte St Angelo, I-80126 Naples, Italy. EM luca.lista@na.infn.it FU CMS Offline Project FX This work was supported by the CMS Offline Project. NR 9 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 1 PU IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC PI PISCATAWAY PA 445 HOES LANE, PISCATAWAY, NJ 08855 USA SN 0018-9499 J9 IEEE T NUCL SCI JI IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 55 IS 6 BP 3539 EP 3543 DI 10.1109/TNS.2008.2006979 PG 5 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Engineering; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 398EC UT WOS:000262714400002 ER PT J AU Barker, JG Mildner, DFR Rodriguez, JA Thiyagarajan, P AF Barker, J. G. Mildner, D. F. R. Rodriguez, J. A. Thiyagarajan, P. TI Neutron transmission of single-crystal magnesium fluoride SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED CRYSTALLOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID FILTERS; SCATTERING; DIFFRACTOMETER; SILICON; NIST AB The neutron attenuation through single-crystal magnesium fluoride has been measured as a function of wavelength at both room temperature and 77 K. These data confirm a total cross section that is lower than that of MgO for wavelengths greater than 0.2 nm. MgF(2) cooled to 77 K is a slightly better filter of epithermal neutrons than MgO for obtaining a thermal neutron beam. (C) 2008 International Union of Crystallography Printed in Singapore - all rights reserved C1 [Barker, J. G.; Mildner, D. F. R.; Rodriguez, J. A.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Rodriguez, J. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20740 USA. [Thiyagarajan, P.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. RP Barker, JG (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM john.barker@nist.gov RI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/A-4872-2013 OI Rodriguez-Rivera, Jose/0000-0002-8633-8314 FU US Department of Energy, BES [DE-AC02-06CH11357]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX We thank Denis Wozniak for his assistance in the SAND experiments at IPNS funded by the US Department of Energy, BES, under contract No. DE-AC02-06CH11357 to UChicago Argonne, LLC, and Juscelino Leao and John Copley on DCS at the NCNR for aid in setting up the close cycle refrigerator and data analysis. The elements of this work utilizing the DCS, PCD and NG3 30 m SANS instruments at the NCNR are supported in part by the National Science Foundation under agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 3 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0021-8898 J9 J APPL CRYSTALLOGR JI J. Appl. Crystallogr. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 41 BP 1003 EP 1008 DI 10.1107/S0021889808032858 PN 6 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Crystallography SC Chemistry; Crystallography GA 373WM UT WOS:000261004200004 ER PT J AU Michelson, SA Bao, JW AF Michelson, Sara A. Bao, Jian-Wen TI Sensitivity of Low-Level Winds Simulated by the WRF Model in California's Central Valley to Uncertainties in the Large-Scale Forcing and Soil Initialization SO Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology LA English DT Article AB The sensitivity of the Weather and Research Forecasting (WRF) model-simulated low-level winds in the Central Valley (CV) of California to uncertainties in the atmospheric forcing and soil initialization is investigated using scatter diagrams for a 5-day period in which meteorological conditions are typical of those associated with poor-air-quality events during the summer in the CV. It is assumed that these uncertainties can be approximated by two independent operational analyses. First, the sensitivity is illustrated using scatter diagrams and is measured in terms of the linear regression of the output from two simulations that differ in either the atmospheric forcing or the soil initialization. The spatial variation of the sensitivity is then investigated and is linked to the dominant low-level flows within the CV. The results from this case study suggest that the WRF-simulated low-level winds in the northern CV [i.e., the Sacramento Valley (SV)] are more sensitive to the uncertainties in the atmospheric forcing than to those in the soil initialization in the typical weather conditions during the summer that are prone to poor air quality in the CV. The simulated low-level winds in the southernmost part of the San Joaquin Valley (SJV) are more sensitive to the uncertainties in the soil initialization than they are in the SV. In the northern SJV, the simulated low-level winds are overall more sensitive to the uncertainties in the large-scale upper-level atmospheric forcing than to those in the soil initialization. This spatial variation in sensitivity reflects the important roles that the large-scale forcing, specified by the lateral boundary conditions and the local forcing associated with the soil state, play in controlling the low-level winds in the CV. C1 [Michelson, Sara A.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Michelson, Sara A.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Michelson, SA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, 325 Broadway,PSD3, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sara.a.michelson@noaa.gov NR 8 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1558-8424 J9 J APPL METEOROL CLIM JI J. Appl. Meteorol. Climatol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 47 IS 12 BP 3131 EP 3149 DI 10.1175/2008JAMC1782.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 395BF UT WOS:000262496400008 ER PT J AU Wagner, RJ Ma, L Tavazza, F Levine, LE AF Wagner, R. J. Ma, L. Tavazza, F. Levine, L. E. TI Dislocation nucleation during nanoindentation of aluminum SO JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID INDENTATION; DEFORMATION; PLASTICITY; SIMULATION; METALS AB Through multiscale simulations, we explore the influence of both smooth and atomically rough indenter tips on the nucleation of dislocations during nanoindentation of single-crystal aluminum. We model the long-range strain with finite element analysis using anisotropic linear elasticity. We then model a region near the indenter atomistically and perform molecular dynamics with an embedded atom method interatomic potential. We find that smooth indenters nucleate dislocations below the surface but rough indenters can nucleate dislocations both at the surface and below. Increasing temperature from 0 to 300 K creates prenucleation defects in the region of high stress and decreases the critical depth. [DOI: 10.1063/1.3021305] C1 [Wagner, R. J.; Ma, L.; Tavazza, F.; Levine, L. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wagner, RJ (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM wagnerr@umich.edu RI ALHARBI, HAMAD/F-8615-2010 NR 18 TC 19 Z9 19 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-8979 J9 J APPL PHYS JI J. Appl. Phys. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 104 IS 11 AR 114311 DI 10.1063/1.3021305 PG 4 WC Physics, Applied SC Physics GA 393HI UT WOS:000262364000137 ER PT J AU Purcell, MK Murray, AL Elz, A Park, LK Marcquenski, SV Winton, JR Alcorn, SW Pascho, RJ Elliott, DG AF Purcell, Maureen K. Murray, Anthony L. Elz, Anna Park, Linda K. Marcquenski, Susan V. Winton, James R. Alcorn, Stewart W. Pascho, Ronald J. Elliott, Diane G. TI Decreased Mortality of Lake Michigan Chinook Salmon after Bacterial Kidney Disease Challenge: Evidence for Pathogen-Driven Selection? SO JOURNAL OF AQUATIC ANIMAL HEALTH LA English DT Article ID RENIBACTERIUM-SALMONINARUM; ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; COHO SALMON; CERATOMYXA-SHASTA; GENETIC-VARIATION; SUSCEPTIBILITY; INFECTION; STRAINS; KISUTCH; SEGREGATION AB In the late 1960s, Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha from the Green River, Washington, were successfully introduced into Lake Michigan. During spring from 1988 to 1992, large fish die-off's affecting Chinook salmon Occurred in the take. Multiple ecological factors probably contributed to the severity of the fish kills, but the only disease agent found regularly was Renibacterium salmoninarum, the causative agent of bacterial kidney disease. In this study, survival after challenge by R. salmoninarum was compared between two Chinook salmon stocks: a Lake Michigan stock from Wisconsin (WI) and the progenitor stock from the Green River. We found that the WI stock had significantly greater survival than the Green River stock. Next, the WI and Green River stocks were exposed to the marine Pathogen Listonella anguillarum (formerly Vibrio anguillarum), one of the causative agents of vibriosis; survival after this challenge was significantly poorer for the WI stock than for the Green River stock. A close genetic relationship between the Green River and WI stocks was confirmed by analyzing 13 microsatellite loci. These results collectively suggest that disease susceptibility of Lake Michigan Chinook salmon has diverged from that of the source population, possibly in response to pathogen-driven selection. C1 [Purcell, Maureen K.; Murray, Anthony L.; Winton, James R.; Pascho, Ronald J.; Elliott, Diane G.] US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Elz, Anna; Park, Linda K.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Marcquenski, Susan V.] Wisconsin Dept Nat Resources, Madison, WI 53707 USA. [Alcorn, Stewart W.] Univ Washington, Sch Aquat & Fishery Sci, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. RP Purcell, MK (reprint author), US Geol Survey, Western Fisheries Res Ctr, 6505 NE 65th St, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM mpurcell@usgs.gov OI Purcell, Maureen/0000-0003-0154-8433 FU Great Lakes Fishery Trust [1999.51, 1999.52]; National Marine Fisheries Service; U.S. Geological Survey; Western Regional Aquaculture Consortium FX This study was funded by support from the Great Lakes Fishery Trust (projects 1999.51 and 1999.52), National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Geological Survey, and Western Regional Aquaculture Consortium. We acknowledge technical assistance from Lynn Applegate, Connie McKibben, Carla Conway, Dorothy Chase, David Kuligowski, hatchery personnel from Washington (Carson NFH and Soos Creek Hatchery) and hatchery personnel from Wisconsin (Strawberry Creek weir, Sturgeon Bay; Wild Rose Hatchery, Wild Rose; Root River weir, Racine; and Kettle Moraine Springs Hatchery, Adell). We also acknowledge the research consortium responsible for developing the coastwide Chinook salmon database, particularly Paul Moran. Finally, we acknowledge two anonymous reviewers, whose comments improved this manuscript. The use of trade, firm, or corporation names in this publication is for the information and convenience of the reader. Such use does not constitute an official endorsement or approval by the U.S. Department of Interior or the U.S. Geological Survey of any product or service to the exclusion of others that may be suitable. NR 37 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 1 U2 13 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0899-7659 J9 J AQUAT ANIM HEALTH JI J. Aquat. Anim. Health PD DEC PY 2008 VL 20 IS 4 BP 225 EP 235 DI 10.1577/H08-028.1 PG 11 WC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences SC Fisheries; Veterinary Sciences GA 500QT UT WOS:000270319500006 PM 19306612 ER PT J AU Matrosov, SY Battaglia, A Rodriguez, P AF Matrosov, Sergey Y. Battaglia, Alessandro Rodriguez, Peter TI Effects of Multiple Scattering on Attenuation-Based Retrievals of Stratiform Rainfall from CloudSat SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID TRMM PRECIPITATION RADAR; PROFILING ALGORITHM; POLARIMETRIC RADAR; SNOWFALL; LAYER AB An attenuation-based method to retrieve vertical profiles of rainfall rates from height derivatives/gradients of CloudSat nadir-pointing W-band reflectivity measurements is discussed. This method takes advantage of the high attenuation of W-band frequency signals in rain and the low variability of nonattenuated reflectivity due to strong non-Rayleigh scattering from rain drops. The retrieval uncertainties could reach 40%-50%. The suggested method is generally applicable to rainfall rates ( R) in an approximate range from about 2-3 to about 20-25 mm h(-1). Multiple scattering noticeably affects the gradients of CloudSat measurements for R values greater than about 5 mm h(-1). To avoid a retrieval bias caused by multiple-scattering effects, a special correction for retrievals is introduced. For rainfall rates greater than about 25 mm h(-1), the influence of multiple scattering gets overwhelming, and the retrievals become problematic, especially for rainfalls with higher freezing-level altitudes. The attenuation-based retrieval method was applied to experimental data from CloudSat covering the range of rainfall rates. CloudSat retrievals were compared to the rainfall estimates available from a National Weather Service ground-based scanning precipitation radar operating at S band. Comparisons between spaceborne and conventional radar rainfall retrievals were generally in good agreement and indicated the mutual consistency of both quantitative precipitation estimate types. The suggested CloudSat rainfall retrieval method is immune to the absolute calibration of the radar and to attenuation caused by the melting layer and snow regions. Since it does not require surface returns, it is applicable to measurements above both land and water surfaces. C1 [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Matrosov, Sergey Y.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Battaglia, Alessandro] Univ Bonn, Inst Meteorol, D-5300 Bonn, Germany. [Rodriguez, Peter] Environm Canada, King City, ON, Canada. RP Matrosov, SY (reprint author), R PSD2,325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM sergey.matrosov@noaa.gov OI Battaglia, Alessandro/0000-0001-9243-3484 FU NASA [NNX07AQ82] FX This research was funded through NASA Project NNX07AQ82. NR 19 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2199 EP 2208 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1095.1 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 387ZU UT WOS:000261990900004 ER PT J AU Shi, L Bates, JJ Cao, CY AF Shi, Lei Bates, John J. Cao, Changyong TI Scene Radiance-Dependent Intersatellite Biases of HIRS Longwave Channels SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID SIMULTANEOUS NADIR OVERPASSES; UPPER-TROPOSPHERIC HUMIDITY; SATELLITE; CLIMATE; VARIABILITY; CALIBRATION; TRENDS; MODEL AB Measurements from the simultaneous nadir overpass ( SNO) observations of the High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder ( HIRS) are examined. The SNOs are the measurements taken at the orbital intersections of each pair of satellites viewing the same Earth target within a few seconds at high latitudes. The dataset includes satellites from NOAA-6 through NOAA-17 from 1981 to 2004. The authors found that for many channels, intersatellite biases vary significantly with respect to scene radiances. For a number of these channels, the change of the intersatellite bias within a channel can be larger than 1 mW ( m(2) sr cm(-1))(-1), which is approximately 1 K in brightness temperature, across the channel scene radiance ranges. Many of the channels with large variations of intersatellite biases are the tropospheric sounding channels centered along the sharp slope of the transmission line. These channels are particularly sensitive to the difference in spectral response functions from satellite to satellite. This radiance-dependency feature of the biases is an important factor to consider when performing intersatellite calibrations. C1 [Shi, Lei; Bates, John J.] NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. [Cao, Changyong] NOAA, NESDIS, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Shi, L (reprint author), NOAA, NESDIS, Natl Climat Data Ctr, 151 Patton Ave, Asheville, NC 28801 USA. EM lei.shi@noaa.gov RI Bates, John/D-1012-2009; Cao, Changyong/F-5578-2010 OI Bates, John/0000-0002-8124-0406; NR 26 TC 29 Z9 29 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2219 EP 2229 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHA1058.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 387ZU UT WOS:000261990900006 ER PT J AU Fang, M Doviak, RJ AF Fang, Ming Doviak, Richard J. TI Coupled Contributions in the Doppler Radar Spectrum Width Equation SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID EDDY DISSIPATION RATES; TURBULENCE; AIR AB Contrary to accepted usage, the second central moment of the Doppler spectrum is not the sum of the second central moments of individual spectral broadening mechanisms. A rigorous theoretical derivation of the spectrum width observed with short dwell times reveals that the sum cannot strictly be taken for the variances associated with various spectral broadening mechanisms and that an added-term coupling shear with turbulence is needed. Furthermore, shear and antenna rotation are coupled. The theoretical expressions derived herein apply to radars with fixed or scanning beams. C1 [Fang, Ming] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Doviak, Richard J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. RP Fang, M (reprint author), 120 David L Boren Blvd,Rm 4730, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM ming.fang@noaa.gov FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227] FX This paper was prepared with partial funding provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U. S. Department of Commerce. The statements, findings, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of NOAA or the U. S. Department of Commerce. We also acknowledge the continued encouragement and comments from Dr. D. S. Zrnic of NSSL, and discussions with Drs. G. Zhang and T. Yu at the University of Oklahoma and Dr. P. Zhang of CIMMS. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2245 EP 2258 DI 10.1175/2007JTECHA968.1 PG 14 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 387ZU UT WOS:000261990900008 ER PT J AU Meinen, CS AF Meinen, Christopher S. TI Accuracy in Mooring Motion Temperature Corrections SO JOURNAL OF ATMOSPHERIC AND OCEANIC TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article ID ANTARCTIC CIRCUMPOLAR CURRENT; WESTERN BOUNDARY CURRENT; GULF-STREAM MEANDERS; NORTH-ATLANTIC; CAPE-HATTERAS; 68-DEGREES-W; TRANSPORT; VARIABILITY; ENERGETICS; SPEED AB Moored temperature sensors, whether fixed or profiling, routinely need to be corrected to remove the signals associated with the vertical motion of the sensors when the moorings "blow over" in strong flow events ( for profiling sensors the problems occur only at the upper end of the profiling range). Hydrographic data are used to estimate the accuracy with which moored temperature sensors in the Gulf Stream can be corrected for mooring motion aliasing using standard correction techniques, and the implications for other ocean regions are discussed. Comparison with hydrographic data and coincident inverted echo sounder ( IES) data from the Synoptic Ocean Prediction Experiment ( SYNOP) shows that the errors inherent in mooring motion corrected temperatures during significant pressure deflections are potentially 2-3 times as large as previous estimates based on a smaller dataset of observations in the Kuroshio at approximately the same latitude in the Pacific. For sensors with a nominal level of 400 dbar and a typical root-mean-square pressure deflection of 150 dbar, accuracy limits of up to 0.7 degrees C on the "corrected" temperatures are applicable. Deeper sensors typically have smaller accuracy bounds. There is a suggestion that the presence of a mode water layer near the nominal depth of the shallowest sensor can result in much higher errors in mooring motion corrected temperature data. The accuracy estimates derived herein should apply not only to moorings deployed in the Gulf Stream but also to all currents that exhibit similar velocity amplitudes and thermal gradients such as the Agulhas or Kuroshio. C1 NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, PHOD, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Meinen, CS (reprint author), NOAA, Atlantic Oceanog & Meteorol Lab, PHOD, 4301 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM christopher.meinen@noaa.gov RI Meinen, Christopher/G-1902-2012 OI Meinen, Christopher/0000-0002-8846-6002 FU NSF [0352256, 0352229]; AOML/NOAA FX Karen Tracey, Randy Watts, and Bill Johns were all extremely helpful in providing the historical SYNOP data. Kathy Donohue, Doug Luther, Molly Baringer, Silvia Garzoli, Pedro DiNezio, and two anonymous reviewers provided several helpful suggestions that led to improvements of this manuscript. This work was supported by NSF Grants 0352256 and 0352229, and by the AOML/NOAA. NR 26 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0739-0572 J9 J ATMOS OCEAN TECH JI J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 25 IS 12 BP 2293 EP 2303 DI 10.1175/2008JTECHO555.1 PG 11 WC Engineering, Ocean; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Engineering; Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 387ZU UT WOS:000261990900012 ER PT J AU Blade, I Newman, M Alexander, MA Scott, JD AF Blade, Ileana Newman, Matthew Alexander, Michael A. Scott, James D. TI The Late Fall Extratropical Response to ENSO: Sensitivity to Coupling and Convection in the Tropical West Pacific SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEA-SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERE OCEAN INTERACTION; NORTH PACIFIC; EL-NINO; SST ANOMALIES; VARIABILITY; AMERICA; WINTER; TELECONNECTIONS; DROUGHT AB The extratropical response to El Nino in late fall departs considerably from the canonical El Nino signal. Observational analysis suggests that this response is modulated by anomalous forcing in the tropical west Pacific (TWP), so that a strong fall El Nino teleconnection is more likely when warm SST conditions and/or enhanced convection prevail in the TWP. While these TWP SST anomalies may arise from noise and/or long-term variability, they may also be generated by differences between El Nino events, through variations in the tropical "atmospheric bridge." This bridge typically drives subsidence west of the date line and enhanced trade winds over the far TWP, which cool the ocean. In late fall, however, some relatively weaker and/ or more eastward-shifted El Nino events produce a correspondingly weakened and displaced tropical bridge, which results in no surface cooling and enhanced convection in the TWP. Because the North Pacific circulation is very sensitive to forcing from the TWP at this time of year, the final outcome is a strong extratropical El Nino teleconnection. This hypothesis is partly supported by regionally coupled ensemble GCM simulations for the 1950-99 period, in which prescribed observed El Nino SST anomalies in the eastern/central equatorial Pacific and an oceanic mixed layer model elsewhere coexist, so that the TWP is allowed to interact with the El Nino atmospheric bridge. To separate the deterministic signal driven by TWP coupling from that associated with inter-El Nino differences and from the "noise" due to intrinsic TWP convection variability (not induced by local SST anomalies), a second large-ensemble (100) simulation of the 1997/98 El Nino event, with coupling limited to the TWP and tropical Indian Ocean, is carried out. Together, the model findings suggest that the extratropical El Nino teleconnection during late fall is very sensitive to convective forcing in the TWP and that coupling-induced warming in the TWP may enhance this El Nino teleconnection by promoting convection in this critical TWP region. A more general implication is that diagnostic studies using December February (DJF) seasonal averages may obscure some important aspects of climate anomalies associated with forcing in the tropical Pacific. C1 [Blade, Ileana] Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Barcelona 08028, Spain. [Newman, Matthew; Scott, James D.] Univ Colorado, CIRES Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. [Newman, Matthew; Alexander, Michael A.; Scott, James D.] NOAA Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Blade, I (reprint author), Univ Barcelona, Fac Fis, Dept Astron & Meteorol, Av Diagonal 647, Barcelona 08028, Spain. EM ileanablade@ub.edu RI Newman, Matthew /F-8336-2010; Alexander, Michael/A-7097-2013 OI Newman, Matthew /0000-0001-5348-2312; Alexander, Michael/0000-0001-9646-6427 FU Ramon y Cajal Program; Spanish MCYT FX We are very grateful to John Young and Brian Mapes, whose comments, suggestions, and enthusiasm provided a big motivation for this study and greatly improved the manuscript. Gil Compo and Klaus Weickmann also made insightful comments. The constructive suggestions by two anonymous reviewers led to substantial clarification of some of the issues addressed in this article. Thanks are also due to Jon Escheid for supplying the gridded GHCN precipitation data and to Jennifer M. Adams for help with GrADs. IB was supported by the Ramon y Cajal Program, funded by the Spanish MCYT. NR 32 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 23 BP 6101 EP 6118 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI1612.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 384OM UT WOS:000261754100001 ER PT J AU Serpetzoglou, E Albrecht, BA Kollias, P Fairall, CW AF Serpetzoglou, Efthymios Albrecht, Bruce A. Kollias, Pavlos Fairall, Christopher W. TI Boundary Layer, Cloud, and Drizzle Variability in the Southeast Pacific Stratocumulus Regime SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EASTERN EQUATORIAL PACIFIC; MARINE STRATOCUMULUS; DIURNAL CYCLE; FRACTIONAL CLOUDINESS; STRATIFORM CLOUDS; RADAR; ASTEX; ITCZ; CIRCULATION; DYNAMICS AB The southeast Pacific stratocumulus regime is an important component of the earth's climate system because of its substantial impact on albedo. Observational studies of this cloud regime have been limited, but during the past 5 yr, a series of cruises with research vessels equipped with in situ and remote sensing systems have provided unprecedented observations of boundary layer cloud and drizzle structures. These cruises started with the East Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC) 2001 field experiment, followed by cruises in a similar area in 2003 and 2004 [Pan-American Climate Studies (PACS) Stratus cruises]. The sampling from these three cruises provides a sufficient dataset to study the variability occurring over this region. This study compares observations from the 2004 cruise with those obtained during the previous two cruises. Observations from the ship provide information about boundary layer structure, fractional cloudiness, cloud depth, and drizzle characteristics. This study indicates more strongly decoupled boundary layers during the 2004 cruise than the well-mixed conditions that dominated the cloud and boundary layer structures during the EPIC cruise, and the highly variable conditions-sharp transitions from a solid stratus deck to broken-cloud and clear-sky periods-encountered during PACS Stratus 2003. Diurnal forcing and synoptic conditions are considered to be factors affecting these variations. A statistical evaluation of the macrophysical boundary layer, cloud, and drizzle properties is performed using the 5-6-day periods for which the research vessels remained stationed at the location of 20 S, 85 W during each cruise. C1 [Serpetzoglou, Efthymios; Albrecht, Bruce A.] Univ Miami, Rosenstiel Sch Marine & Atmospher Sci, Div Meteorol & Phys Oceanog, Miami, FL 33149 USA. [Kollias, Pavlos] McGill Univ, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Montreal, PQ, Canada. [Fairall, Christopher W.] Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO USA. RP Serpetzoglou, E (reprint author), Hellen Ctr Marine Res, Inst Inland Waters, 46-7 Km Athens Sounion Ave, Athens 19013, Greece. EM eserp@ath.hcmr.gr FU NOAA [NA17RJ1226] FX This work was supported by NOAA Grant NA17RJ1226. As mentioned before, the EPIC and PACS Stratus cruises were collaborative efforts among many scientists, students, staff, and the crew of the research vessels Ronald H. Brown and Roger Revelle. The authors especially thank Dan Wolfe and Dr. Paquita Zuidema for their work and dedication on the ocean field. The cooperation of Dr. Robert Weller and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution made these projects possible. NR 37 TC 26 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 21 IS 23 BP 6191 EP 6214 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2186.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 384OM UT WOS:000261754100006 ER PT J AU Pena, M van den Dool, H AF Pena, Malaquias van den Dool, Huug TI Consolidation of Multimodel Forecasts by Ridge Regression: Application to Pacific Sea Surface Temperature SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID SEASONAL CLIMATE; PREDICTIONS; ENSEMBLES; WEATHER; SKILL; SUPERENSEMBLE; COMBINATION; ANALOGS AB The performance of ridge regression methods for consolidation of multiple seasonal ensemble prediction systems is analyzed. The methods are applied to predict SST in the tropical Pacific based on ensembles from the Development of a European Multimodel Ensemble System for Seasonal-to-Interannual Prediction (DEMETER) models, plus two of NCEP's operational models. Strategies to increase the ratio of the effective sample size of the training data to the number of coefficients to be fitted are proposed and tested. These strategies include objective selection of a smaller subset of models, pooling of information from neighboring grid points, and consolidating all ensemble members rather than each model's ensemble average. In all variations of the ridge regression consolidation methods tested, increased effective sample size produces more stable weights and more skillful predictions on independent data. While the scores may not increase significantly as the effective sampling size is increased, the benefit is seen in terms of consistent improvements over the simple equal weight ensemble average. In the western tropical Pacific, most consolidation methods tested outperform the simple equal weight ensemble average; in other regions they have similar skill as measured by both the anomaly correlation and the relative operating curve. The main obstacles to progress are a short period of data and a lack of independent information among models. C1 [Pena, Malaquias] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, SAIC, Environm Modeling Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [van den Dool, Huug] NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Pena, M (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ctr Environm Predict, SAIC, Environm Modeling Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd,Room 807, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM malaquias.pena.mendez@noaa.gov FU Climate Test Bed through NOAA's Climate Program Office FX This work was supported as a pilot project by the Climate Test Bed through NOAA's Climate Program Office. The authors thank Suranjana Saha for providing an organized set of forecast data from the different centers for this study. The authors also thank A. Johansson and A. Vintzileos who provided important corrections and comments to a preliminary draft of the paper, and Tim DelSole for an insightful discussion. Thanks also to two anonymous referees whose comments improved the paper. NR 39 TC 21 Z9 22 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 21 IS 24 BP 6521 EP 6538 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2226.1 PG 18 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 392UZ UT WOS:000262329000004 ER PT J AU Mekonnen, A Thorncroft, CD Aiyyer, AR Kiladis, GN AF Mekonnen, Ademe Thorncroft, Chris D. Aiyyer, Anantha R. Kiladis, George N. TI Convectively Coupled Kelvin Waves over Tropical Africa during the Boreal Summer: Structure and Variability SO JOURNAL OF CLIMATE LA English DT Article ID EASTERLY WAVES; 3-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE; EQUATORIAL WAVES; PART III; DYNAMICS; DISTURBANCES; TEMPERATURE; PACIFIC; MONSOON; SAHEL AB The structure and variability of convectively coupled Kelvin waves during the boreal summer are explored using satellite-observed brightness temperature data and ECMWF reanalyses. Kelvin wave activity is most prominent between the central and eastern Pacific, across Africa, and the Indian Ocean. Composite analysis shows that over sub-Saharan Africa Kelvin wave convection is peaked north of the equator, while the dynamical fields tend to be symmetric with respect to the equator. Convectively coupled Kelvin waves propagate faster over the Pacific and western Atlantic (similar to 24 m s(-1)), and slow down over tropical Africa (similar to 14 m s(-1)), consistent with stronger coupling between the dynamics and convection over tropical Africa. The Kelvin waves observed over Africa generally propagate into the region from anywhere between the eastern Pacific and the Atlantic, and decay over the eastern Indian Ocean basin. Results show marked interannual variability of Kelvin wave activity over Africa. Anomalously high Kelvin wave variance tends to occur during dry years, while low variance occurs during wet years. African Kelvin wave activity is positively correlated with SST anomalies in the equatorial east Pacific. The same warm SST anomalies that are favorable for enhanced Kelvin wave activity suppress the mean rainfall over tropical Africa via a more slowly varying teleconnection and associated subsidence. A brief analysis of an intense Kelvin wave in August 1987 (a dry year) shows a clear impact of the wave on convective development and daily rainfall over tropical Africa. This Kelvin wave was also associated with a series of easterly wave initiations over tropical Africa. C1 [Mekonnen, Ademe; Thorncroft, Chris D.] SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, Albany, NY 12222 USA. [Kiladis, George N.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO USA. [Aiyyer, Anantha R.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. RP Mekonnen, A (reprint author), SUNY Albany, Dept Earth & Atmospher Sci, 1400 Washington Ave, Albany, NY 12222 USA. EM ademe@atmos.albany.edu RI Aiyyer, Anantha/A-4295-2012; OI Aiyyer, Anantha/0000-0002-9706-956X FU National Science Foundation [0507976] FX This research was supported by a grant from the National Science Foundation (ATM: 0507976). CLAUS data are obtained from the British Atmospheric Data Centre (online at http://badc.nerc.ac.uk/cgi-bin/data_browser/data_browser/badc/claus/).Th e ERA-40 data are obtained from the ECMWF data server (online at http://www.ecmwf.int). Rainfall data for Ethiopian stations is acquired from the Ethiopian Meteorological Services Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The CMAP data are available at CPC/NOAA ( online at http://www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/global_precip/html/wpage.cmap.html ). We thank Dr. Paul Roundy of the University at Albany, Albany, NY, for useful discussion and Dr. Kevin Hodges of the Reading University, Reading, United Kingdom, for his help in reformatting the CLAUS data. We thank three anonymous reviewers for their useful comments, which greatly improved the manuscript. NR 32 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 6 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0894-8755 EI 1520-0442 J9 J CLIMATE JI J. Clim. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 21 IS 24 BP 6649 EP 6667 DI 10.1175/2008JCLI2008.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 392UZ UT WOS:000262329000012 ER PT J AU Sung, LP Comer, J Forster, AM Hu, H Floryancic, B Brickweg, L Fernando, RH AF Sung, Li-Piin Comer, Jeffrey Forster, Aaron M. Hu, Haiqing Floryancic, Bryce Brickweg, Lukas Fernando, Raymond H. TI Scratch behavior of nano-alumina/polyurethane coatings SO JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 2006 FutureCoat Conference CY NOV 01-03, 2006 CL New Orleans, LA SP Federat Soc Coatings Technol DE Glass transition temperature; Laser scanning confocal microscopy; Mechanical properties; Nanoindentation; Nanoparticles; Scratch behavior; Surface morphology ID POLYMER-COATINGS; RESISTANCE AB Incorporating metal-oxide nanoparticles such as nano-alumina and nano-silica into polymer coatings to enhance mechanical durability is widely utilized in the current antiscratch and mar technologies. In this article, a quantitative study of the effect of a nano-alumina additive on the surface mechanical properties and scratch behavior of a two-part polyurethane coating is reported. An instrumented indenter with a conical diamond tip is used to measure surface mechanical properties (modulus and hardness) and to perform scratch tests, over a wide range of scratch loads. The scratch behavior in terms of the onset of elastic-plastic transition and scratch morphology were characterized by laser scanning confocal microscopy. The scratch results were correlated to the surface mechanical properties and relevant bulk material properties to understand the overall scratch behavior of the coatings. The results show that the scratch behavior of the coatings depends strongly on the concentration of nano-alumina. C1 [Sung, Li-Piin; Comer, Jeffrey; Forster, Aaron M.; Hu, Haiqing] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Mat Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Comer, Jeffrey; Floryancic, Bryce; Brickweg, Lukas; Fernando, Raymond H.] Calif Polytech State Univ San Luis Obispo, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407 USA. RP Sung, LP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Polymer Mat Grp, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM lipiin@nist.gov NR 12 TC 16 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 6 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-0091 J9 J COAT TECHNOL RES JI J. Coat. Technol. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 5 IS 4 BP 419 EP 430 DI 10.1007/s11998-008-9110-z PG 12 WC Chemistry, Applied; Materials Science, Coatings & Films SC Chemistry; Materials Science GA 366VS UT WOS:000260512100002 ER PT J AU Mountain, RD Simmons, V Meuse, CW Hubbard, JB AF Mountain, R. D. Simmons, V. Meuse, C. W. Hubbard, J. B. TI Molecular dynamics study of surface-tethered S(CH2CH2O)(6)CH3: Helix formation and thermal disorder SO JOURNAL OF COLLOID AND INTERFACE SCIENCE LA English DT Article DE Molecular dynamics; Ethylene oxide; Monolayer; Helix; Thermal disorder; Surface tethered; Cavities; Voids ID SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS; PROTEIN ADSORPTION; 1-THIAHEXA(ETHYLENE OXIDE); COMPUTER-SIMULATION; POLYETHYLENE OXIDE; GOLD; CONFORMATION; CHAINS; GLYCOL AB We present the results of a molecular dynamics study of a set of surface-tethered S(CH2CH2O)(6)CH33 chains. In this study, we analyze helix formation, in addition to thermal disorder, and find that spontaneous helix formation and details of helix morphology depend on charge partitioning ascribed to oxygen and the methylene groups. The effects of varying surface coverage as well as chain-surface interaction strength indicate that a set of approximately 7/2 helical structures oriented predominantly normal to the Surface are formed at near full coverage. This occurs even though thermal disorder clearly precludes a description based on the concept of a perfect crystalline monolayer. Thermal fluctuations in chain morphology in the vicinity of the terminal methyl groups lead to the exposure of oxygen to the external environment. We also find that the persistence of compact helix-containing domains at partial surface coverage results in the formation of well-defined cavities or void regions that expose the bare surface, even in the presence of strong chain-surface attractive interactions. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Meuse, C. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Mountain, R. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Phys & Chem Properties Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Meuse, CW (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM curtis.meuse@nist.gov NR 23 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0021-9797 J9 J COLLOID INTERF SCI JI J. Colloid Interface Sci. PD DEC 1 PY 2008 VL 328 IS 1 BP 147 EP 152 DI 10.1016/j.jcis.2008.07.061 PG 6 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 374KS UT WOS:000261042800021 PM 18834992 ER PT J AU Bernard, EN AF Bernard, Eddie N. TI THE TSUNAMI-RESILIENT COASTAL COMMUNITY SO JOURNAL OF EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI LA English DT Article DE Tsunami-resilient; coastal community; hazard assessment AB The concept of a tsunami-resilient coastal community is a proactive way to change attitudes from "tsunamis will not affect our community" to "preparing for the next tsunami." The three elements of a tsunami-resilient coastal community include: (1) hazard assessment, the evaluation of the written, oral, and geological history of the community to assess the extent of the tsunami hazard for a specific community; (2) community preparedness, the building of a tsunami-resilient community that functions before, during, and after the tsunami; (3) warning guidance, the acceptance of responsibility for receiving the warnings and taking appropriate action. Communities that adopt these measures will not only save lives, but will recover faster from the next tsunami. The tsunami-resilient coastal community will survive the next tsunami. C1 NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Bernard, EN (reprint author), NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, 7600 Sand Point Way NE, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. EM eddie.n.bernard@noaa.gov NR 4 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 3 PU WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBL CO PTE LTD PI SINGAPORE PA 5 TOH TUCK LINK, SINGAPORE 596224, SINGAPORE SN 1793-4311 J9 J EARTHQ TSUNAMI JI J. Earthq. Tsunami PD DEC PY 2008 VL 2 IS 4 BP 279 EP 285 DI 10.1142/S1793431108000359 PG 7 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 425JY UT WOS:000264634000003 ER PT J AU Dufour, E Hook, TO Patterson, WP Rutherford, ES AF Dufour, E. Hook, T. O. Patterson, W. P. Rutherford, E. S. TI High-resolution isotope analysis of young alewife Alosa pseudoharengus otoliths: assessment of temporal resolution and reconstruction of habitat occupancy and thermal history SO JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY LA English DT Article DE habitat; juvenile; otolith; stable isotopes; temperature ID WHITEFISH COREGONUS-LAVARETUS; SALMON ONCORHYNCHUS-TSHAWYTSCHA; SOUTHEASTERN LAKE-MICHIGAN; COD GADUS-MORHUA; OF-THE-YEAR; FISH OTOLITHS; TROPHIC STATUS; ATLANTIC COD; MARINE FISH; TEMPERATURE AB Otoliths of age 0 year alewife Alosa pseudoharengus collected in different Lake Michigan habitats were microsampled, and carbon and oxygen isotope ratios (delta(18)O(otolith) and delta(13)C(otolith)) of resulting microsamples were quantified. To assess the temporal resolution of the method, age and otolith growth rates were also estimated by counting otolith daily growth increments. Core and outer intra-otolith samples averaged 36 and 23 days, respectively. Because of the accretionary nature of otolith growth, a habitat switch by a larva occurring between 0 and 18 days post-hatch may not be recognized by this approach. Taking this temporal resolution into account, A. pseudoharengus habitat occupancy and thermal history in nearshore Lake Michigan, and a connecting drowned river-mouth lake were documented. Comparisons between delta(18)O(otolith) and delta(13)C(otolith) profiles, and isotope values of Lake Michigan habitats suggested that movements by individual fish between a nearshore area of Lake Michigan proper and drowned river-mouth lake habitats were rare. Some individuals evidently moved between habitats, and such movements occurred during different periods of ontogeny. Thermal reconstructions, based on delta(18)O(otolith) values suggested that during early life (e.g. first month of life) young A. pseudoharengus appeared to inhabit microhabitats with temperatures greater than mean epilimnetic temperatures. This study demonstrates not only the utility of intra-otolith geochemical analysis to describe the complexity of fish behaviour in fresh water but also identifies limitations of the present approach. C1 [Dufour, E.] Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR 5197 Archeozool Hist Soc Humaines & Peuplemen, F-75231 Paris, France. [Hook, T. O.] Univ Michigan, Sch Nat Resources & Environm, Cooperat Inst Limnol & Ecosyst Res, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Hook, T. O.; Rutherford, E. S.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Patterson, W. P.] Univ Saskatchewan, Saskatchewan Isotope Lab, Dept Geol Sci, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2, Canada. RP Dufour, E (reprint author), Museum Natl Hist Nat, UMR 5197 Archeozool Hist Soc Humaines & Peuplemen, 57 Rue Cuvier,CP 56, F-75231 Paris, France. EM elise.dufour@mnhn.fr RI Patterson, William/J-6473-2012; OI Rutherford, Edward/0000-0002-7282-6667; Patterson, William/0000-0003-3387-708X FU Great Lake Fisheries Trust [R-00-18] FX We thank C. Wurster and A. Zazzo for useful discussions, which helped to improve a previous draft of this manuscript. We thank T. Prokopiuk for analytical assistance in the Saskatchewan Isotope Laboratory. In addition, we thank C. Madenjian for providing alewife from Sturgeon Bay. This research was funded by the Great Lake Fisheries Trust (Project No. R-00-18). This is contribution 1487 of NOAA's Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory. NR 46 TC 15 Z9 15 U1 2 U2 27 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0022-1112 J9 J FISH BIOL JI J. Fish Biol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 73 IS 10 BP 2434 EP 2451 DI 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2008.02090.x PG 18 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 385BB UT WOS:000261786800012 ER PT J AU Baker-Austin, C McArthur, JV Tuckfield, RC Najarro, M Lindell, AH Gooch, J Stepanauskas, R AF Baker-Austin, Craig McArthur, J. V. Tuckfield, R. Cary Najarro, Michael Lindell, Angela H. Gooch, Jan Stepanauskas, Ramunas TI Antibiotic Resistance in the Shellfish Pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from the Coastal Water and Sediment of Georgia and South Carolina, USA SO JOURNAL OF FOOD PROTECTION LA English DT Article ID THERMOSTABLE DIRECT HEMOLYSIN; UNITED-STATES; OYSTERS; SUSCEPTIBILITY; ENVIRONMENT; VULNIFICUS; TDH; ENUMERATION; WASHINGTON; SEAFOOD AB Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a grain-negative pathogen commonly encountered in estuarine and marine environments-and a common cause of seafood-related gastrointestinal infections. We isolated 350 V. parahaemolyticus strains from water and sediment at three locations along the Atlantic coast of Georgia and South Carolina during various seasons. These isolates were tested for Susceptibility to 24 antibiotics. Isolate Virulence was determined through PCR of tdh and trh genes. The breadth of resistance to antibiotics was unexpectedly high, with 24% isolates demonstrating resistance to 10 or more agents. A significant fraction of isolates were resistant to diverse beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and other classes of antibiotics. Fifteen of the 350 strains possessed virulence genes, with no apparent correlation between virulence and site, sample type, or season of isolation. Antibiotic resistance was slightly reduced among the virulent strains. This study represents one of the largest Surveys to date of the virulence and antibiotic resistance in environmental V parahaemolyticus strains. The observed antibiotic susceptibility patterns suggest that Current guidelines for the antibiotic treatment of non-cholerae Vibrio should be reevaluated and extended. C1 [Baker-Austin, Craig; McArthur, J. V.; Lindell, Angela H.] Savannah River Ecol Lab, Aiken, SC 29802 USA. [Tuckfield, R. Cary] Savannah River Natl Lab, Aiken, SC 29808 USA. [Najarro, Michael] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Gooch, Jan] Natl Oceanog & Atmospher Adm, Charleston, SC 29405 USA. [Stepanauskas, Ramunas] Bigelow Lab Ocean Sci, Boothbay Harbor, ME 04575 USA. RP Baker-Austin, C (reprint author), Ctr Environm Fisheries & Aquaculture Sci, Weymouth Lab, Weymouth DT4 8UB, Dorset, England. EM craig.baker-austin@cefas.co.uk OI Stepanauskas, Ramunas/0000-0003-4458-3108 FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration [NA04OAR4600198]; U.S. Department of Energy [DE-FC09-96SR18546]; National Science Foundation [DBI-0453493]; U.S. Government FX We thank Blaine West, Charles Zemp, Kirk Kessler. Richard Gregory. and Marc Frischer for help in sample collection. Brian Thompson and Brian Robinson are acknowledged for their assistance in isolate preparation. This work was supported by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration Award NA04OAR4600198 to R. Stepanauskas and by additional support provided from the U.S. Department of Energy through Financial Assistance Award DE-FC09-96SR18546 to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. NI. Najarro was Supported by National Science Foundation grant DBI-0453493. This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the U.S. Government. Neither the U.S. Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty expressed or implied, or assumes any legal liability OF responsibility for the accuracy, completeness. Of usefulness of any information. apparatus. product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process. OF service by trade name, trademark. Manufacturer. or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation. or favoring, by the U.S. Government or any agency thereof, The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the U.S. Government of, any agency thereof. NR 33 TC 28 Z9 31 U1 0 U2 18 PU INT ASSOC FOOD PROTECTION PI DES MOINES PA 6200 AURORA AVE SUITE 200W, DES MOINES, IA 50322-2863 USA SN 0362-028X J9 J FOOD PROTECT JI J. Food Prot. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 71 IS 12 BP 2552 EP 2558 PG 7 WC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology SC Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology; Food Science & Technology GA 380NR UT WOS:000261472900028 PM 19244914 ER PT J AU Pluym, JLV Eggleston, DB Levine, JF AF Pluym, Jenny L. Vander Eggleston, David B. Levine, Jay F. TI Impacts of Road Crossings on Fish Movement and Community Structure SO JOURNAL OF FRESHWATER ECOLOGY LA English DT Article ID STREAM FISHES; POPULATION; HABITAT; LONG AB We quantified the impact of four commonly used road crossings (bridge, arch culvert. box culvert, and pipe culvert) on stream fish Community structure and movement in the Piedmont region of the Cape Fear River basin of North Carolina, USA during summer 2004. We focused oil non-perched crossings, which did not present a physical barrier to fish movement. With the exception of species richness, all response variables (fish population size, species diversity, fish index of biotic integrity, and conditional percentage of movement) did not vary significantly with crossing type, position (upstream and downstream), or month. Streams with arch Culverts contained significantly higher species richness than streams with bridges. The general lack of stream fish abundance and diversity responses to road crossings may be due to the insensitivity of stream fish community variables to anthropogenic effects, the insensitivity of fish communities to the presence of crossings, the overall resilience of fish communities, or the shifting baseline theory (fish communities having shifted to a different Community prior to sampling). Triple-pass electrofishing results suggest that these road crossings had no detectable effect on fish abundance or diversity. C1 [Pluym, Jenny L. Vander; Eggleston, David B.] N Carolina State Univ, Dept Marine Earth & Atmospher Sci, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. [Levine, Jay F.] N Carolina State Univ, Coll Vet Med, Dept Populat Hlth & Pathobiol, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA. RP Pluym, JLV (reprint author), Ctr Coastal Fisheries & Habitat Res, Natl Ocean Serv, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. FU North Carolina Department of Transportation FX Funding for this study was provided by the North Carolina Department of Transportation. We appreciate the consultation, training and logistical support of C. Eads and the administrative support of L. Wellington. We acknowledge J. Gilliam, D. Genereux, and K. Pollock for advice on study design and analysis. We thank A. Jones, A Noad, and J. Prorock for field assistance. This paper is based on work done in fulfillment of the requirements for the M.S. degree at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina (J.L. Vander Pluym). NR 35 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 3 U2 20 PU TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC PI PHILADELPHIA PA 530 WALNUT STREET, STE 850, PHILADELPHIA, PA 19106 USA SN 0270-5060 EI 2156-6941 J9 J FRESHWATER ECOL JI J. Freshw. Ecol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 4 BP 565 EP 574 DI 10.1080/02705060.2008.9664244 PG 10 WC Ecology; Limnology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 367ZJ UT WOS:000260590800008 ER PT J AU Klokocnik, J Wagner, C Kostelecky, J Bezdek, A Novak, P McAdoo, D AF Klokocnik, J. Wagner, C. A. Kostelecky, J. Bezdek, A. Novak, P. McAdoo, D. TI Variations in the accuracy of gravity recovery due to ground track variability: GRACE, CHAMP, and GOCE SO JOURNAL OF GEODESY LA English DT Article DE CHAMP; GRACE; GOCE; Orbit resonances; Ground track density; Accuracy of gravity field recovery ID FIELD MODELS; SEMIANALYTIC THEORY; SATELLITES; RESONANCES; ORBITS; EARTH; HARMONICS; MOTION; DRAG AB Following an earlier recognition of degraded monthly geopotential recovery from GRACE (Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment) due to prolonged passage through a short repeat (low order resonant) orbit, we extend these insights also to CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) and GOCE (Gravity field and steady state Ocean Circulation Explorer). We show wide track-density variations over time for these orbits in both latitude and longitude, and estimate that geopotential recovery will be as widely affected as well within all these regimes, with lesser track density leading to poorer recoveries. We then use recent models of atmospheric density to estimate the future orbit of GRACE and warn of degraded performance as other low order resonances are encountered in GRACE's free fall. Finally implications for the GOCE orbit are discussed. C1 [Klokocnik, J.; Bezdek, A.] Acad Sci Czech Republic, Astron Inst, CEDR, Ondrejov Observ, CZ-25165 Prague, Czech Republic. [Wagner, C. A.; McAdoo, D.] Lab Satellite Altimetry, Natl Ocean & Atmospher Adm, Silver Spring, MD USA. [Kostelecky, J.; Novak, P.] Res Inst Geodesy Topog & Cartog, CEDR, CZ-25066 Zdiby 98, Czech Republic. [Kostelecky, J.] Czech Tech Univ, Dept Adv Geodesy, CZ-16629 Prague 6, Czech Republic. [Novak, P.] Univ W Bohemia, Dept Math, Fac Sci Appl, CZ-30614 Plzen, Univerzitni, Czech Republic. RP Klokocnik, J (reprint author), Acad Sci Czech Republic, Astron Inst, CEDR, Ondrejov Observ, CZ-25165 Prague, Czech Republic. EM jklokocn@asu.cas.cz; carl.wagner@noaa.gov; kost@fsv.cvut.cz; bezdek@asu.cas.cz; pavel.novak@pecny.cz; Dave.McAdoo@noaa.gov RI Novak, Pavel/I-3746-2012; McAdoo, Dave/F-5612-2010; Klokocnik, Jaroslav/G-9025-2014; Bezdek, Ales/F-8952-2014 OI Novak, Pavel/0000-0001-7173-7905; McAdoo, Dave/0000-0002-7533-5564; Bezdek, Ales/0000-0003-2790-2664 FU Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic [LC 506]; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic [A3407]; Czech Science Foundation [205/08/1103]; Czech Ministry of Education [MSM 4977751301] FX The support of the Czech authors by the Center of Earth Dynamics Research (CEDR) via Grant LC 506 provided by Ministry of Education of the Czech Republic and by Grant A3407 from the Grant Agency of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, is highly appreciated. Pavel Novk was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (Grant 205/08/1103) and by the Czech Ministry of Education (project MSM 4977751301). We are grateful to three reviewers for careful and very detailed reviews that led us to significant improvement of the original manuscript. NR 24 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 8 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0949-7714 EI 1432-1394 J9 J GEODESY JI J. Geodesy PD DEC PY 2008 VL 82 IS 12 BP 917 EP 927 DI 10.1007/s00190-008-0222-0 PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Remote Sensing GA 376JK UT WOS:000261179700007 ER PT J AU McCormick, MJ Manley, TO Beletsky, D Foley, AJ Fahnenstiel, GL AF McCormick, Michael J. Manley, Thomas O. Beletsky, Dmitry Foley, Andrew J., III Fahnenstiel, Gary L. TI Tracking the Surface Flow in Lake Champlain SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Surface drifters; Lagrangian statistics; Lake Champlain ID PASSIVE TRACERS; MIXED LAYER; DRIFTERS; CURRENTS; EVENTS; MODELS; SEA AB Understanding the hydrodynamics of lake Champlain is a basic requirement for developing forecasting tools to address the lake's environmental issues. In 2003 through 2005, surface drifting buoys were used to help characterize the circulation of the main body and northeast region (Inland Sea) of the lake. Progressive vector diagrams of over-lake winds when compared to drifter trajectories suggest the presence of gyre-like circulation patterns. Drifter statistics suggest average current speeds of 10 cm s(-1) and were predominantly northward (+ V) due to northerly-directed winds and lake geometry. Single-particle eddy diffusivities on the order of 10(6) cm(2) s(-1) were calculated which is consistent with results from the Great Lakes and in some oceanic regions. However, the Lagrangian length and time scales, a measure of flow decorrelation scales, were in general smaller than seen in the Great Lakes, which is a natural consequence of the smaller basin size of Lake Champlain relative to the Great Lakes. C1 [Beletsky, Dmitry; Foley, Andrew J., III] Univ Michigan, SNRE, CILER, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Manley, Thomas O.] Middlebury Coll, Middlebury, VT 05753 USA. [Fahnenstiel, Gary L.] NOAA, GLERL, Lake Michigan Field Stn, Muskegon, MI 49441 USA. RP Beletsky, D (reprint author), Univ Michigan, SNRE, CILER, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM dima.beletsky@noaa.gov OI Beletsky, Dmitry/0000-0003-4532-0588 NR 13 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 9 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 721 EP 730 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 397LJ UT WOS:000262663900012 ER PT J AU Kiziewicz, B Nalepa, TF AF Kiziewicz, Bozena Nalepa, Thomas F. TI Some Fungi and Water Molds in Waters of Lake Michigan with Emphasis on Those Associated with the Benthic Amphipod Diporeia spp. SO JOURNAL OF GREAT LAKES RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Great Lakes fungi; pathogen; disease; macroinvertebrates ID APHANOMYCES-INVADANS; ULCERATIVE MYCOSIS; BREVOORTIA-TYRANNUS; ATLANTIC MENHADEN; PARASITES; SPP. AB To determine types of fungi in the water and associated with the benthic amphipod Diporeia spp., samples were collected at various depths in Lake Michigan in an area where the Diporeia population was in a severe state of decline. No fungi were, found associated with living, freshly-dead, or dried Diporeia cultured separately from Lake Michigan water. When dead Diporeia and other organic substrates (snake skin and hemp seeds) were used to grow fungi in Lake Michigan water, a rich and diverse fungal and water mold community was revealed. A total of 31 species were found, with the most common genera being Achlya, Aphanomyces, Myzocytium, and Pythium. In general, species were homogeneously distributed in the water; that is, few differences were found in species richness between nearshore (10-15 m) and offshore (60-80 in) waters, and between near-surface (1 m) and near-bottom waters (1 m off bottom). Sampling occurred during the unstratified period (April and October) to maximize the number of species collected, which may have contributed to the uniform spatial pattern observed. While conclusions must be placed in context with our methods of detection, we found no evidence that a fungal infestation was associated with Diporeia in this region of the lake. C1 [Nalepa, Thomas F.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Kiziewicz, Bozena] Med Univ Bialystok, Dept Gen Biol, PL-1 Jana Kilinskiego, Poland. RP Nalepa, TF (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Thomas.Nalepa@noaa.gov NR 43 TC 10 Z9 11 U1 0 U2 5 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0380-1330 J9 J GREAT LAKES RES JI J. Gt. Lakes Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 34 IS 4 BP 774 EP 780 PG 7 WC Environmental Sciences; Limnology; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 397LJ UT WOS:000262663900017 ER PT J AU Mo, KC AF Mo, Kingtse C. TI Model-Based Drought Indices over the United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SOIL-MOISTURE; SEVERITY INDEX; LAND-SURFACE; PRECIPITATION; REANALYSIS AB Drought indices derived from the North American Land Data Assimilation System (NLDAS) Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) and Noah models from 1950 to 2000 are intercompared and evaluated for their ability to classify drought across the United States. For meteorological drought, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) is used to measure precipitation deficits. The standardized runoff index (SRI), which is similar to the SPI, is used to classify hydrological drought. Agricultural drought is measured by monthly-mean soil moisture (SM) anomaly percentiles based on probability distributions (PDs). The PDs for total SM are regionally dependent and influenced by the seasonal cycle, but the PDs for SM monthly-mean anomalies are unimodal and Gaussian. Across the eastern United States (east of 95 degrees W), the indices derived from VIC and Noah are similar, and they are able to detect the same drought events. Indices are also well correlated. For river forecast centers (RFCs) across the eastern United States, different drought indices are likely to detect the same drought events. The monthly-mean soil moisture (SM) percentiles and runoff indices between VIC and Noah have large differences across the western interior of the United States. For small areas with a horizontal resolution of 0.5 degrees on the time scales of one to three months, the differences of SM percentiles and SRI between VIC and Noah are larger than the thresholds used to classify drought. For the western RFCs, drought events selected according to SM percentiles or SRI derived from different NLDAS systems do not always overlap. C1 NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Mo, KC (reprint author), NOAA NWS NCEP, Climate Predict Ctr, 5200 Auth Rd, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. EM kingtse.mo@noaa.gov FU NCPO/CPPA [GC06-012] FX We wish to thank Drs. Andy Wood and Dennis Lettenmaier for providing VIC data. The Noah data were provided by Drs. Yun Fan and Huug van den Dool. This work was supported by NCPO/CPPA Grant GC06-012. NR 35 TC 60 Z9 61 U1 4 U2 27 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1212 EP 1230 DI 10.1175/2008JHM1002.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386DD UT WOS:000261861600005 ER PT J AU Mizukami, N Perica, S AF Mizukami, Naoki Perica, Sanja TI Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Snowpack Density in the Mountainous Regions of the Western United States SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID TELEMETRY SNOTEL DATA; COLORADO RIVER-BASIN; WATER EQUIVALENT; ROCKY-MOUNTAINS; COVER; DEPTH; INTERPOLATION; TEMPERATURE; VARIABILITY; ICE AB Snow density is calculated as a ratio of snow water equivalent to snow depth. Until the late 1990s, there were no continuous simultaneous measurements of snow water equivalent and snow depth covering large areas. Because of that, spatiotemporal characteristics of snowpack density could not be well described. Since then, the Natural Resources Conservation Service ( NRCS) has been collecting both types of data daily throughout the winter season at snowpack telemetry (SNOTEL) sites located in the mountainous areas of the western United States. This new dataset provided an opportunity to examine the spatiotemporal characteristics of snowpack density. The analysis of approximately seven years of data showed that at a given location and throughout the winter season, year-to-year snowpack density changes are significantly smaller than corresponding snow depth and snow water equivalent changes. As a result, reliable climatological estimates of snow density could be obtained from relatively short records. Snow density magnitudes and densification rates (i.e., rates at which snow densities change in time) were found to be location dependent. During early and midwinter, the densification rate is correlated with density. Starting in early or mid-March, however, snowpack density increases by approximately 2.0 kg m(-3) day(-1) regardless of location. Cluster analysis was used to obtain qualitative information on spatial patterns of snowpack density and densification rates. Four clusters were identified, each with a distinct density magnitude and densification rate. The most significant physiographic factor that discriminates between clusters was proximity to a large water body. Within individual mountain ranges, snowpack density characteristics were primarily dependent on elevation. C1 [Mizukami, Naoki; Perica, Sanja] Univ Utah, Dept Civil & Environm Engn, Salt Lake City, UT USA. RP Mizukami, N (reprint author), Natl Weather Serv, Off Hydrol Dev, 1325 East West Highway, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM mizukami@eng.utah.edu RI Mizukami, Naoki/J-7027-2015 FU University of Utah SEED; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Prediction Program for the Americas FX This work was supported in part by the University of Utah SEED grant and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Climate Prediction Program for the Americas grant. We are greatly indebted to Randy Julander and Dana Kuiper of the Natural Resources Conservation Service, who provided daily SNOTEL snow depth data, and to the anonymous reviewers whose comments improved this manuscript. NR 40 TC 22 Z9 22 U1 2 U2 13 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1416 EP 1426 DI 10.1175/2008JHM981.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386DD UT WOS:000261861600018 ER PT J AU Davis, RE Painter, TH Cline, D Armstrong, R Haran, T McDonald, K Forster, R Elder, K AF Davis, Robert E. Painter, Thomas H. Cline, Don Armstrong, Richard Haran, Terry McDonald, Kyle Forster, Rick Elder, Kelly TI NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): Spaceborne Remote Sensing SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; THEMATIC MAPPER; GRAIN-SIZE; COVER; RESOLUTION; RETRIEVAL AB This paper describes satellite data collected as part of the 2002/03 Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX). These data include multispectral and hyperspectral optical imaging, and passive and active microwave observations of the test areas. The CLPX multispectral optical data include the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR), the Landsat Thematic Mapper/Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (TM/ETM +), the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer ( MODIS), and the Multi-angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR). The spaceborne hyperspectral optical data consist of measurements acquired with the NASA Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) Hyperion imaging spectrometer. The passive microwave data include observations from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) and the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) for Earth Observing System (EOS; AMSR-E). Observations from the Radarsat synthetic aperture radar and the SeaWinds scatterometer flown on QuikSCAT make up the active microwave data. C1 [Davis, Robert E.] USACE, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Painter, Thomas H.; Forster, Rick] Univ Utah, Dept Geog, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Cline, Don] Natl Weather Serv, Natl Operat Remote Sensing Hydrol Ctr, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Armstrong, Richard; Haran, Terry] Univ Colorado, Natl Snow & Ice Data Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [McDonald, Kyle] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA USA. [Elder, Kelly] US Forest Serv, Rocky Mt Res Stn, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Davis, RE (reprint author), USACE, Cold Reg Res & Engn Lab, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM robert.e.davis@erdc.usace.army.mil RI Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016 FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Enterprise; Terrestrial Hydrology Program; Earth Observing System Program; Airborne Science Program; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Global Programs; U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing Research Program; the U. S. Army Basic Research Program; National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA); Japan Science and Technology Corporation; National Assembly for Wales; Science Research Investment Fund; Cardiff University; Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology FX This work was funded through the cooperation of many agencies and organizations including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Earth Science Enterprise, Terrestrial Hydrology Program, Earth Observing System Program, and Airborne Science Program; the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Office of Global Programs; the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing Research Program; the U. S. Army Basic Research Program; the National Space Development Agency of Japan (NASDA); the Japan Science and Technology Corporation; and the National Assembly for Wales, Science Research Investment Fund, Cardiff University. A portion of this work was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA. More than 200 people participated in the planning and execution of CLPX 2002/03. Their efforts are very much appreciated. We would also like to thank the two anonymous and thorough reviewers who helped to improve the manuscript. NR 30 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1427 EP 1433 DI 10.1175/2008JHM926.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386DD UT WOS:000261861600019 ER PT J AU Hardy, J Davis, R Koh, Y Cline, D Elder, K Armstrong, R Marshall, HP Painter, T Saint-Martin, GC Deroo, R Sarabandi, K Graf, T Koike, T McDonald, K AF Hardy, Janet Davis, Robert Koh, Yeohoon Cline, Don Elder, Kelly Armstrong, Richard Marshall, Hans-Peter Painter, Thomas Saint-Martin, Gilles Castres Deroo, Roger Sarabandi, Kamal Graf, Tobias Koike, Toshio McDonald, Kyle TI NASA Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX 2002/03): Local Scale Observation Site SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article AB The local scale observation site (LSOS) is the smallest study site (0.8 ha) of the 2002/03 Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX) and is located within the Fraser mesocell study area. It was the most intensively measured site of the CLPX, and measurements here had the greatest temporal component of all CLPX sites. Measurements made at the LSOS were designed to produce a comprehensive assessment of the snow, soil, and vegetation characteristics viewed by the ground-based remote sensing instruments. The objective of the ground-based microwave remote sensing was to collect time series of active and passive microwave spectral signatures over snow, soil, and forest, which is coincident with the intensive physical characterization of these features. Ground-based remote sensing instruments included frequency modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radars operating over multiple microwave bandwidths; the Ground-Based Microwave Radiometer (GBMR-7) operating at channels 18.7, 23.8, 36.5, and 89 GHz; and in 2003, an L-, C-, X- and Ku-band scatterometer radar system. Snow and soil measurements included standard snow physical properties, snow wetness, snow depth transects, and soil moisture. The stem and canopy temperature and xylem sap flux of several trees were monitored continuously. Five micrometeorological towers monitored ambient conditions and provided forcing datasets for 1D snow and soil models. Arrays of pyranometers (0.3-3 mu m) and a scanning thermal radiometer (8-12 mu m) characterized the variability of radiative receipt in the forests. A field spectroradiometer measured the hyperspectral hemispherical-directional reflectance of the snow surface. These measurements, together with the ground-based remote sensing, provide the framework for evaluating and improving microwave radiative transfer models and coupling them to land surface models. The dataset is archived at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in Boulder, Colorado. C1 [Hardy, Janet; Davis, Robert; Koh, Yeohoon] US Army Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Cline, Don] NOAA, NWS, Natl Operat Hydrol Remote Sensing Ctr, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Elder, Kelly] US Forest Serv, USDA, Ft Collins, CO USA. [Armstrong, Richard; Marshall, Hans-Peter] Univ Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Painter, Thomas] Univ Utah, Salt Lake City, UT USA. [Saint-Martin, Gilles Castres; Deroo, Roger; Sarabandi, Kamal] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. [Graf, Tobias; Koike, Toshio] Univ Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan. [McDonald, Kyle] CALTECH, Jet Prop Lab, NASA, Pasadena, CA USA. RP Hardy, J (reprint author), US Army Corps Engineers, Engn Res & Dev Ctr, CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM janet.p.hardy@usace.army.mil RI Marshall, Hans-Peter/A-2374-2010; De Roo, Roger/J-2208-2012; Painter, Thomas/B-7806-2016 OI Marshall, Hans-Peter/0000-0002-4852-5637; De Roo, Roger/0000-0001-8391-2950; FU National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing Research Program; U. S. Army Basic Research Program; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA); Japan Science and Technology Agency; National Assembly for Wales; Strategic Research Investment Fund, Cardiff; Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology FX This work was funded through cooperation of many agencies and organizations including the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the U. S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works Remote Sensing Research Program, the U. S. Army Basic Research Program, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), the Japan Science and Technology Agency, and the National Assembly for Wales, Strategic Research Investment Fund, Cardiff. A portion of this work was conducted at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory at the California Institute of Technology, under contract to NASA. NR 12 TC 6 Z9 8 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1434 EP 1442 DI 10.1175/2008JHM875.1 PG 9 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386DD UT WOS:000261861600020 ER PT J AU Frankenstein, S Sawyer, A Koeberle, J AF Frankenstein, Susan Sawyer, Anne Koeberle, Julie TI Comparison of FASST and SNTHERM in Three Snow Accumulation Regimes SO JOURNAL OF HYDROMETEOROLOGY LA English DT Article ID ENERGY-BALANCE; BOREAL FOREST; STAND-SCALE; MODEL; COVER; ABLATION; BASIN; HEAT; PARAMETERIZATION; SIMULATION AB Numerical experiments of snow accumulation and depletion were carried out as well as surface energy fluxes over four Cold Land Processes Experiment (CLPX) sites in Colorado using the Snow Thermal model (SNTHERM) and the Fast All-Season Soil Strength model (FASST). SNTHERM is a multilayer snow model developed to describe changes in snow properties as a function of depth and time, using a one-dimensional mass and energy balance. The model is intended for seasonal snow covers and addresses conditions found throughout the winter, from initial ground freezing in the fall to snow ablation in the spring. It has been used by many researchers over a variety of terrains. FASST is a newly developed one-dimensional dynamic state-of-the-ground model. It calculates the ground's moisture content, ice content, temperature, and freeze-thaw profiles as well as soil strength and surface ice and snow accumulation/depletion. Because FASST is newer and not as well known, the authors wanted to determine its use as a snow model by comparing it with SNTHERM, one of the most established snow models available. It is demonstrated that even though FASST is only a single-layer snow model, the RMSE snow depth compared very favorably against SNTHERM, often performing better during the accumulation phase. The surface energy fluxes calculated by the two models were also compared and were found to be similar. C1 [Frankenstein, Susan] USA, ERDC CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Sawyer, Anne] NOAA NWS NOHRSC, Chanhassen, MN USA. [Koeberle, Julie] Natl Resources Conservat Serv, Snow Survey Off, USDA, Boise, ID USA. RP Frankenstein, S (reprint author), USA, ERDC CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM susan.frankenstein@erdc.usace.army.mil NR 37 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 1525-755X J9 J HYDROMETEOROL JI J. Hydrometeorol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 9 IS 6 BP 1443 EP 1463 DI 10.1175/2008JHM865.1 PG 21 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 386DD UT WOS:000261861600021 ER PT J AU Kleiner, I Moazzen-Ahmadi, N McKellar, ARW Blake, TA Sams, RL Sharpe, SW Moruzzi, G Hougen, JT AF Kleiner, I. Moazzen-Ahmadi, N. McKellar, A. R. W. Blake, T. A. Sams, R. L. Sharpe, S. W. Moruzzi, G. Hougen, J. T. TI Assignment, fit, and theoretical discussion of the v(10) band of acetaldehyde near 509 cm(-1) SO JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Acetaldehyde; Bright state; Torsional bath; Vibration torsion rotation interaction; Hamiltonian; Least squares fit; Infrared transitions; Microwave transitions ID INFRARED-ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY; VIBRATION-TORSION-ROTATION; DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY; FUNDAMENTAL-BAND; RITZ PROGRAM; RESOLUTION; SPECTRUM; STATE; COMPLEXES AB The lowest small-amplitude vibration in acetaldehyde (CH(3)CHO) is the in-plane aldehyde scissors mode via at 509 cm(-1). This mode lies about 175 cm(-1) above the top of the barrier to internal rotation of the methyl group and is relatively well separated from other small-amplitude vibrational states (the next fundamental occurring more than 250 cm(-1) higher). It thus provides an excellent example of an isolated small-amplitude fundamental (bright state) embedded in a bath of dark states. Since the bath states at these energies are not too dense, and since they arise purely from states of the large-amplitude torsional vibration of the methyl rotor, a detailed spectroscopic analysis of interactions between the bright state and the bath states should be possible. This paper represents the first step toward that goal. We have assigned several thousand transitions in the v(10) band (J <= 28, K <= 12), and have carried out a simultaneous fit of 2400 of these transitions (J <= 15, K <= 9) with over 8100 transitions to the torsional bath state levels. Three vibration-torsion interactions, which give rise to rather global level shifts of the order of 1 cm(-1) in the v(10) levels, have been identified and quantitatively fit. A number of vibration-torsion-rotation interactions, which give rise to localized (avoided-crossing) shifts in v(10) have also been determined. The present analysis indicates the need for reliable spectroscopic information on more of the torsional bath states in the immediate vicinity of the v(10) levels. Possible ways of obtaining such information in future studies are considered. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Kleiner, I.] Univ Paris 12, CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Kleiner, I.] Univ Paris 07, CNRS, LISA, F-94010 Creteil, France. [Moazzen-Ahmadi, N.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [McKellar, A. R. W.] Natl Res Council Canada, Steacie Inst Mol Sci, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada. [Blake, T. A.; Sams, R. L.; Sharpe, S. W.] Pacific NW Natl Lab, Richland, WA 99352 USA. [Moruzzi, G.] Univ Pisa, Dipartimento Fis, I-56127 Pisa, Italy. [Hougen, J. T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kleiner, I (reprint author), Univ Paris 12, CNRS, LISA, 61 Av Gen Gaulle, F-94010 Creteil, France. EM kleiner@lisa.univ-paris12.fr NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-2852 J9 J MOL SPECTROSC JI J. Mol. Spectrosc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 252 IS 2 BP 214 EP 229 DI 10.1016/j.jms.2008.09.004 PG 16 WC Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical; Spectroscopy SC Physics; Spectroscopy GA 382PV UT WOS:000261618800015 ER PT J AU Pikal, MJ Rigsbee, D Roy, ML Galreath, D Kovach, KJ Wang, BQ Carpenter, JF Cicerone, MT AF Pikal, Michael J. Rigsbee, Daniel Roy, Michael L. Galreath, Dawn Kovach, Karl J. Wang, Bingquan (Stuart) Carpenter, John F. Cicerone, Marcus T. TI Solid State Chemistry of Proteins: II. The Correlation of Storage Stability of Freeze-Dried Human Growth Hormone (hGH) with Structure and Dynamics in the Glassy Solid SO JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES LA English DT Article DE freeze drying; human growth hormone; protein stability; glass transition temperature; protein stability and secondary structure; structural relaxation time; fast dynamics ID LYOPHILIZED FORMULATIONS; TRANSITION TEMPERATURE; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODY; AMORPHOUS SOLIDS; RECONSTITUTION MEDIUM; AGGREGATION; TREHALOSE; STABILIZATION; DEPENDENCE; MECHANISM AB This research presents storage stability of human growth hormone, hGH, in lyophilized di-saccharide formulations. Stability via HPLC assay was assessed at 40 and 50 degrees C. Structure of the protein in the solids was assessed by infrared spectroscopy. Molecular mobility was characterized by structural relaxation times estimated from DSC data and by measurement of atomic motion on a nanosecond time scale by neutron scattering. Very large stability differences were observed among the various formulations, with both chemical and aggregation stability showing the same qualitative trends with formulation. Near the T(g), T(g) appeared to be a relevant stability parameter, but for storage well below T(g), stability seems unrelated to T(g). Stability (chemical and aggregation) was weakly correlated with secondary structure of the protein, and there was a partial quantitative correlation between degradation rate and the structural relaxation time. However, at equivalent levels of disaccharide relative to protein, sucrose systems were about a factor of two more stable than trehalose formulations, but yet had greater mobility as measured by structural relaxation time. Secondary structure was equivalent in both formulations. Neutron scattering results documented greater suppression of fast dynamics by sucrose than by trehalose, suggesting that well below T(g) fast dynamics are important to stability. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association J Pharm Sci 97:5106-5121, 2008 C1 [Pikal, Michael J.; Wang, Bingquan (Stuart)] Univ Connecticut, Sch Pharm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Pikal, Michael J.; Rigsbee, Daniel; Roy, Michael L.; Galreath, Dawn; Kovach, Karl J.] Eli Lilly & Co, Lilly Res Lab, Indianapolis, IN 46285 USA. [Carpenter, John F.] Univ Colorado, Hlth Sci Ctr, Denver, CO 80262 USA. [Cicerone, Marcus T.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Pikal, MJ (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Sch Pharm, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. NR 36 TC 52 Z9 53 U1 0 U2 20 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0022-3549 J9 J PHARM SCI-US JI J. Pharm. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 97 IS 12 BP 5106 EP 5121 DI 10.1002/jps.21374 PG 16 WC Chemistry, Medicinal; Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Pharmacology & Pharmacy SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy; Chemistry GA 378IA UT WOS:000261313200007 PM 18351639 ER PT J AU Kattner, U AF Kattner, Ursula R. TI Integrating Methods for Phase Equilibria and Phase Property Data Determination SO JOURNAL OF PHASE EQUILIBRIA AND DIFFUSION LA English DT Editorial Material C1 NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kattner, U (reprint author), NIST, Mat Sci & Engn Lab, Div Met, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM ursula.kattner@nist.gov NR 0 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 1547-7037 J9 J PHASE EQUILIB DIFF JI J. Phase Equilib. Diffus. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 29 IS 6 BP 475 EP 476 DI 10.1007/s11669-008-9420-y PG 2 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering GA 382KY UT WOS:000261606100001 ER PT J AU Sansonetti, JE AF Sansonetti, J. E. TI Wavelengths, Transition Probabilities, and Energy Levels for the Spectra of Sodium (Na I-Na XI) SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL REFERENCE DATA LA English DT Review DE ground states; hyperfine structure; ionisation; radiative lifetimes; sodium ID MANY-BODY CALCULATIONS; HYDROGEN-LIKE ATOMS; CARBON ISOELECTRONIC SEQUENCE; LI-LIKE IONS; PRECISION STARK SPECTROSCOPY; ELECTRIC-DIPOLE TRANSITIONS; 2S2P(6)NL AUGER STATES; DOUBLY IONIZED SODIUM; LITHIUM-LIKE IONS; BE-LIKE IONS AB Energy levels, with classifications and uncertainties, have been compiled for the spectra of the neutral atom and all positive ions of sodium (Z=11). Wavelengths with classifications, intensities, and transition probabilities are also tabulated. In addition, ground states and ionization energies are listed. Where available, the hyperfine structure constants and the percentages of the leading components of the energy levels are included. For all ionization stages of sodium, at least some experimental data are available; however, for those for which only a few transitions have been measured, theoretical calculations or values obtained by isoelectronic fitting are reported. Similarly, theoretical or isoelectronically determined ionization energies are given when they are thought to be more accurate than the available experimental data would produce. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Sansonetti, JE (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Atom Phys Div, Mail Stop 8422, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jean.sansonetti@nist.gov NR 142 TC 25 Z9 25 U1 5 U2 11 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0047-2689 J9 J PHYS CHEM REF DATA JI J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data PD DEC PY 2008 VL 37 IS 4 BP 1659 EP 1763 DI 10.1063/1.2943652 PG 105 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Chemistry; Physics GA 373AN UT WOS:000260943500001 ER PT J AU Hsieh, D Qian, D Berger, RF Cava, RJ Lynn, JW Huang, Q Hasan, MZ AF Hsieh, D. Qian, D. Berger, R. F. Cava, R. J. Lynn, J. W. Huang, Q. Hasan, M. Z. TI Magnetic excitations in triangular lattice NaCrO2 SO JOURNAL OF PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF SOLIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 61st Yamada Conference on Spectroscopies in Novel Superconductors CY AUG 20-24, 2007 CL Sendai, JAPAN SP Yamada Sci Fdn DE Neutron scattering ID OXIDES AB We report the first inelastic neutron scattering measurements on the rhombohedrally stacked triangular antiferromagnet NaCrO2 which has recently been shown via mu SR and NMR measurements to exhibit an unusually broad fluctuating cross-over regime extending far below the onset of spin freezing at T,. Our results show that strong spin fluctuations persist far below T, and that dispersive spin wave excitations only appear near the cross-over temperature 0.75T(c). (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Hsieh, D.; Qian, D.; Hasan, M. Z.] Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Berger, R. F.; Cava, R. J.] Princeton Univ, Dept Chem, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. [Lynn, J. W.; Huang, Q.] NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Hsieh, D (reprint author), Princeton Univ, Joseph Henry Labs Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. EM dhsieh@princeton.edu RI HASAN, M. Zahid/D-8237-2012; Qian, Dong/O-1028-2015 NR 14 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 3 U2 21 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0022-3697 J9 J PHYS CHEM SOLIDS JI J. Phys. Chem. Solids PD DEC PY 2008 VL 69 IS 12 SI SI BP 3174 EP 3175 DI 10.1016/j.jpcs.2008.06.124 PG 2 WC Chemistry, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Physics GA 387SF UT WOS:000261971200063 ER PT J AU Ji, RB Davis, CS Chen, CS Townsend, DW Mountain, DG Beardsley, RC AF Ji, Rubao Davis, Cabell S. Chen, Changsheng Townsend, David W. Mountain, David G. Beardsley, Robert C. TI Modeling the influence of low-salinity water inflow on winter-spring phytoplankton dynamics in the Nova Scotian Shelf-Gulf of Maine region SO JOURNAL OF PLANKTON RESEARCH LA English DT Article ID NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN; GEORGES BANK; SEASONAL CIRCULATION; VARIABILITY; BLOOMS; CONSEQUENCES; PRODUCTIVITY; PHENOLOGY; ABUNDANCE; MISMATCH AB Previous analyses of SeaWiFS ocean color and hydrographic data [Ji, R., Davis, C. S., Chen, C. et al. (2007) Influence of ocean freshening on shelf phytoplankton dynamics. Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L24607. doi: 10.1029/2007GL032010] have suggested that changes in the intensity of low-salinity Scotian Shelf Water (SSW) inflow can significantly influence the winter-spring phytoplankton dynamics in the Scotian Shelf and Gulf of Maine region. In the present study, a 3-D coupled biological-physical model was applied to examine underlying mechanisms through a quantitative comparison of circulation pattern, water column stability, nutrient/phytoplankton concentrations and net primary productivity between low and high freshening scenarios. The model results revealed that observed levels of surface freshening can significantly change water column stability and therefore control the winter-spring phytoplankton bloom dynamics in different regions. Freshening caused earlier blooms both on the Scotian Shelf and in the eastern Gulf of Maine, agreeing with inferences drawn from prior empirical analyses. Earlier phytoplankton blooms in the low surface salinity case were followed by earlier depletion of nutrients at the surface along with earlier decline of blooms compared with the high surface salinity case. The model results also suggested that surface water freshening can impede vertical nutrient exchange between surface and deep waters, thus reducing the overall spring primary productivity throughout the region. The coupled model described in this study provides a unique tool to quantify the response of lower trophic level production to climate-scale environmental disturbances in a complex but ecologically important shelf ecosystem that has a history of such alternations in surface salinity. C1 [Ji, Rubao; Davis, Cabell S.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Chen, Changsheng] Univ Massachusetts Dartmouth, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Townsend, David W.] Univ Maine, Sch Marine Sci, Orono, ME 04469 USA. [Mountain, David G.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Beardsley, Robert C.] Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Phys Oceanog, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. [Ji, Rubao; Chen, Changsheng] Shanghai Ocean Univ, Marine Ecosyst & Environm Lab, Shanghai, Peoples R China. RP Ji, RB (reprint author), Woods Hole Oceanog Inst, Dept Biol, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM rji@whoi.edu RI Ji, Rubao/I-1970-2015 OI Ji, Rubao/0000-0002-8839-5427 FU NSF [OCE-0727033, OCE-0606612, OCE-0726577, OCE-0606928, OCE-0726851]; NOAA [NA17RJ1223] FX We thank NSF grant OCE-0727033 and NOAA grant NA17RJ1223 to R. J., C. S. D. and R. C. B., NSF grants OCE-0606612 and OCE-0726577 to D. W. T., and NSF grants OCE-0606928 and OCE-0726851 to C. C. NR 57 TC 35 Z9 40 U1 6 U2 19 PU OXFORD UNIV PRESS PI OXFORD PA GREAT CLARENDON ST, OXFORD OX2 6DP, ENGLAND SN 0142-7873 J9 J PLANKTON RES JI J. Plankton Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 30 IS 12 BP 1399 EP 1416 DI 10.1093/plankt/fbn091 PG 18 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA 376FV UT WOS:000261170400007 ER PT J AU Lindstrom, RM Zeisler, R Mackey, EA Liposky, PJ Popelka-Filcoff, RS Williams, RE AF Lindstrom, R. M. Zeisler, R. Mackey, E. A. Liposky, P. J. Popelka-Filcoff, R. S. Williams, R. E. TI Neutron irradiation in activation analysis: A new rabbit for the NBSR SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID REACTOR CHARACTERIZATION; BIOLOGICAL-MATERIALS; FLUX; PARAMETERS; ELEMENTS; MERCURY AB For accurate activation analysis, it is necessary to understand the neutron and gamma-ray environment experienced by a sample during irradiation. A new irradiation position was recently installed in the RT2 thimble of the NIST reactor. Modeling by MCNP was used to select the radial location in the reflector thimble and the size of the D2O shielding tank. After installation, the new rabbit was characterized for thermal, epithermal, and fast fluence rates, spectral parameters f and alpha, temporal stability, axial and radial flux gradients, and temperature. C1 [Lindstrom, R. M.; Zeisler, R.; Mackey, E. A.; Popelka-Filcoff, R. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Liposky, P. J.; Williams, R. E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lindstrom, RM (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM richard.lindstrom@nist.gov RI Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel/I-4546-2014; OI Popelka-Filcoff, Rachel/0000-0001-6826-6401 NR 33 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 EI 1588-2780 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 278 IS 3 BP 665 EP 669 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-1501-1 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 377PG UT WOS:000261262500027 ER PT J AU Paul, RL Lindstrom, RM Brocker, C Mackey, EA AF Paul, R. L. Lindstrom, R. M. Brocker, C. Mackey, E. A. TI Design of a new instrument for cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis at NIST SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID INCOHERENT-SCATTERING; HYDROGEN; ELEMENTS AB A new instrument for cold neutron prompt gamma-ray activation analysis (CNPGAA) is being designed and constructed at the NIST Center for Neutron Research (NCNR). The new instrument is expected to have lower gamma-ray and neutron background and better detection limits for most elements than the current cold neutron PGAA instrument. Other advantages over the current facility will include the ability to analyze larger samples and greater overall measurement capability due to the addition of scanning stages, cryostats, and sample changers. C1 [Paul, R. L.; Lindstrom, R. M.; Mackey, E. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Brocker, C.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Paul, RL (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rick.paul@nist.gov NR 15 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 278 IS 3 BP 697 EP 701 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-1507-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 377PG UT WOS:000261262500033 ER PT J AU Zeisler, R James, WD Mackey, EA Spatz, RO Greenberg, RR AF Zeisler, R. James, W. D. Mackey, E. A. Spatz, R. O. Greenberg, R. R. TI NAA characterization of the new Bovine Liver SRM SO JOURNAL OF RADIOANALYTICAL AND NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article ID NEUTRON-ACTIVATION ANALYSIS; STANDARD REFERENCE MATERIALS AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is preparing a freeze-dried powdered bovine liver tissue Standard Reference Material (SRM) to replace SRM 1577b Bovine Liver as the stock of this material was exhausted during 2006. Like the original SRM 1577 issued in 1972, this renewal focuses on the key elements for diagnostic, nutritional, and toxicological measurements that are important to medical, veterinary, and environmental sciences investigations. NIST's approach for value assignment included extensive characterization by neutron activation analysis (NAA). Difficulties in the determination of some elements present at very low levels were overcome by use of radiochemical separations. Twentyone elements were characterized in SRM 1577c by NAA. The previous materials, SRM 1577 and 1577b, served as quality control. C1 [Zeisler, R.; Mackey, E. A.; Spatz, R. O.; Greenberg, R. R.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [James, W. D.] Texas A&M Univ, Elemental Anal Lab, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. RP Zeisler, R (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Analyt Chem, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8395, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM rolf.zeisler@nist.gov NR 11 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0236-5731 J9 J RADIOANAL NUCL CH JI J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 278 IS 3 BP 783 EP 787 DI 10.1007/s10967-008-1701-8 PG 5 WC Chemistry, Analytical; Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Nuclear Science & Technology SC Chemistry; Nuclear Science & Technology GA 377PG UT WOS:000261262500049 ER PT J AU Stevens, BG Swiney, KM Buck, L AF Stevens, Bradley G. Swiney, Katherine M. Buck, Loren TI THERMAL EFFECTS ON EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT AND HATCHING FOR BLUE KING CRAB PARALITHODES PLATYPUS (BRANDT, 1850) HELD IN THE LABORATORY, AND A METHOD FOR PREDICTING DATES OF HATCHING SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE blue king crab; Paralithodes platypus; decapoda; anomura; hatching; embryo development; temperature ID CAMTSCHATICA TILESIUS DECAPODA; LOBSTER HOMARUS-AMERICANUS; EASTERN BERING-SEA; REPRODUCTIVE-CYCLE; INCUBATION PERIOD; PRIBILOF-ISLANDS; BRACHYURAN CRABS; ALASKA; TEMPERATURE; LITHODIDAE AB Climate change may affect crab populations via thermal effects on embryo development and hatching. To test this, we measured the duration of development and hatching for the embryos of 11 blue king crabs Paralithodes platypus held at 2.3 +/- 0.45, 0.43 +/- 0.31 and 6.1 +/- 0.61 degrees C. Embryo area, length and width, eye length and width and percent yolk were measured biweekly from digital images and hatching larvae were collected daily from individual crabs. Data were compared between eggs of identical age (weeks since fertilization). Temperature did not have a significant effect on embryo measurements, but did affect development indices (percent yolk and eye size). Hatching was significantly delayed at colder temperatures with about a 46-day difference from 2.3 degrees C to 6.1 degrees C. Length of development was related to temperature via a power function, and ranged from 410 +/- 4.6 days at 2.3 degrees C to 55 +/- 6.2 days at 6.1 degrees C. A model for predicting hatching dates from an eye index was developed using a quadratic equation. Embryo development at 4.3 and 6.1 degrees C was arrested between weeks 35 and 50; this evidence, plus other behavioral observations, suggests that crabs may be able to adjust development rates to partially compensate for temperature changes. C1 [Stevens, Bradley G.] Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. [Swiney, Katherine M.] Kodiak Fishery Res Ctr, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Kodiak, AK 99615 USA. [Buck, Loren] Univ Alaska, Anchorage, AK 99501 USA. RP Stevens, BG (reprint author), Univ Massachusetts, Sch Marine Sci & Technol, 706 S Rodney French Blvd, New Bedford, MA 02744 USA. EM bstevens@umassd.edu FU [R0507 North Pacific Research Board] FX The authors thank S. van Sant for maintaining our chilled recirculating systems, S. Persselin for assistance with larval volumetrics. and our intern S. Thompson for helping care for live animals. The authors also thank J. Goldstein. L. Incze. and several anonymous reviewers for their thoughtful reviews of earlier versions of the manuscript. This research was undertaken with the support of Grant #R0507 from the North Pacific Research Board. NR 40 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 4 U2 14 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1255 EP 1263 DI 10.2983/0730-8000-27.5.1255 PG 9 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 383ZE UT WOS:000261712200025 ER PT J AU Litaker, RW Stewart, TN Eberhart, BTL Wekell, JC Trainer, VL Kudela, RM Miller, PE Roberts, A Hertz, C Johnson, TA Frankfurter, G Smith, GJ Schnetzer, A Schumacker, J Bastian, JL Odell, A Gentien, P Le Gal, D Hardison, IR Tester, PA AF Litaker, R. Wayne Stewart, Thomas N. Eberhart, Bich-thuy L. Wekell, John C. Trainer, Vera L. Kudela, Raphael M. Miller, Peter E. Roberts, Alice Hertz, Cassandra Johnson, Tyler A. Frankfurter, Greg Smith, G. Jason Schnetzer, Astrid Schumacker, Joe Bastian, Jonnette L. Odell, Anthony Gentien, Patrick Le Gal, Dominique Hardison, I. Ransom Tester, Patricia A. TI RAPID ENZYME-LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY FOR DETECTION OF THE ALGAL TOXIN DOMOIC ACID SO JOURNAL OF SHELLFISH RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE ASP; domoic acid poisoning; ELISA; mussels; scallops; razor clams; test kit ID PERFORMANCE LIQUID-CHROMATOGRAPHY; US WEST-COAST; MONOCLONAL-ANTIBODIES; MARINE NEUROTOXIN; WASHINGTON COAST; SEA LIONS; CALIFORNIA; IDENTIFICATION; NITZSCHIA; MORTALITY AB Domoic acid (DA) is a potent toxin produced by bloom-forming phytoplankton in the genus which is responsible for causing amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) in humans. ASP symptoms include vomiting. diarrhea, and in more severe cases confusion. loss of memory. disorientation. and even coma or death. This paper describes the development and validation of a rapid. sensitive. enzyme linked immunosorbent assay test kit for detecting DA using a monoclonal antibody. The assay gives equivalent results to those obtained using standard high performance liquid chromatography. fluorenylmetbox-yearbonyl high performance liquid chromatography, or liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry methods. It has a linear range from 1.1-3 ppb and was used successfully to measure DA in razor clams, mussels, scallops, and phytoplankton. The assay requires approximately 1.5 h to complete and has a standard 96-well format where each strip of eight wells is removable and can be stored at 4 degrees C until needed. The first two wells of each strip serve as an internal control climinating the need to run a standard curve. This allows as few as 3 or as many as 36 duplicate samples to be run at a time enabling real-time sample processing and limiting degradation of DA. which can occur during storage. There was minimal cross-reactivity in this assay with glutamine, glutamic acid. kainic acid. epi- or iso-DA. This accurate. rapid. cost-effective. assay offers environmental managers and public health officials an effective tool for monitoring DA concentrations in environment samples. C1 [Litaker, R. Wayne; Hardison, I. Ransom; Tester, Patricia A.] NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. [Stewart, Thomas N.] Mercury Sci Inc, Raleigh, NC 27607 USA. [Eberhart, Bich-thuy L.; Wekell, John C.; Trainer, Vera L.] NOAA, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Kudela, Raphael M.; Miller, Peter E.; Roberts, Alice; Hertz, Cassandra; Johnson, Tyler A.] Univ Calif Santa Cruz, Inst Marine Sci, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA. [Frankfurter, Greg; Smith, G. Jason] Moss Landing Marine Labs, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Schnetzer, Astrid] Univ So Calif, Dept Biol Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Schumacker, Joe; Bastian, Jonnette L.] Quinault Indian Nation, Div Nat Resources, Dept Fisheries, Taholah, WA 98587 USA. [Odell, Anthony] Olymp Reg Harmful Algal Bloom Partnership, Hoquiam, WA 98550 USA. [Gentien, Patrick] IFREMER, Ctr Brest, DYNECO, F-29280 Plouzane, France. [Le Gal, Dominique] IFREMER, F-29900 Concarneau, France. RP Litaker, RW (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Ocean Serv, 101 Pivers Isl Rd, Beaufort, NC 28516 USA. EM wayne.litaker@noaa.gov RI Schnetzer, Astrid/F-2527-2010; OI Smith, G Jason/0000-0003-1258-4800 NR 37 TC 15 Z9 17 U1 2 U2 13 PU NATL SHELLFISHERIES ASSOC PI GROTON PA C/O DR. SANDRA E. SHUMWAY, UNIV CONNECTICUT, 1080 SHENNECOSSETT RD, GROTON, CT 06340 USA SN 0730-8000 EI 1943-6319 J9 J SHELLFISH RES JI J. Shellfish Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 27 IS 5 BP 1301 EP 1310 DI 10.2983/0730-8000-27.5.1301 PG 10 WC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Fisheries; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 383ZE UT WOS:000261712200030 ER PT J AU Liu, G Huang, Q Kaduk, JA Yang, Z Lucas, C Wong-Ng, W AF Liu, G. Huang, Q. Kaduk, J. A. Yang, Z. Lucas, C. Wong-Ng, W. TI X-ray and neutron powder diffraction studies of Ba(Nd(x)Y(2-x))CuO(5) SO JOURNAL OF SOLID STATE CHEMISTRY LA English DT Article DE Ba(Nd(x)Y(2-x))CuO(5); X-ray diffraction patterns; Crystal structure; Orthorhombic 'green phase'; Tetragonal 'brown phase'; Coated conductors ID CRITICAL-CURRENT DENSITY; BOND-VALENCE PARAMETERS; BA2YCU3O7-X THIN-FILMS; HTS WIRE; Y2BACUO5; SUPERCONDUCTOR; DEPOSITION; FABRICATION; GROWTH; PROGRESS AB Ba(R,R')(2)CuO(5) (R,R' = lanthanides and Y) plays an important role as a flux-pinning agent in enhancing the superconducting properties of the Ba(2)(R,R')Cu(3)O(6+x) (R,R' = lanthanicles and Y) coated conductors. Using X-ray diffraction and neutron diffraction, we found that the Ba(Nd(x)Y(2-x))CuO(5) solid solution adopts two structure types. In the Nd-rich region (1.8 <= x <= 2.0), the materials are of brown color (commonly referred to as the 'brown phase'), and the structure is tetragonal with space group 14/mbm (no. 127). In the Y-rich region (0.0 <= x <= 1.4), the materials are green (commonly referred to as the 'green phase') and the Structure is orthorhombic with space group Pnma (no. 62). A two-phase region (1.4 < x < 1.8) exists between the orthorhombic and tetragonal phases. The crystal chemistry and crystallography of the orthorhombic 'green phase' series, Ba(Nd(x)Y(2-x))CuO(5) (isostructural to BaY(2)CuO(5)), are discussed in this paper. Published by Elsevier Inc. C1 [Liu, G.; Wong-Ng, W.] NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Huang, Q.] Ctr Neutron Res, NIST, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. [Kaduk, J. A.] INEOS Technol, Naperville, IL 60563 USA. [Yang, Z.] Yunnan Normal Univ, Kunming 650092, Peoples R China. [Lucas, C.] Univ Maryland, Dept Chem & Biochem, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Wong-Ng, W (reprint author), NIST, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM Winnie.wong-ng@nist.gov FU Department of Energy (DOE); International Centre for Diffraction Data FX The authors are grateful for the partial financial support from the Department of Energy (DOE) and the International Centre for Diffraction Data. NR 36 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 1 U2 3 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0022-4596 J9 J SOLID STATE CHEM JI J. Solid State Chem. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 181 IS 12 BP 3236 EP 3242 DI 10.1016/j.jssc.2008.08.002 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Inorganic & Nuclear; Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 381EG UT WOS:000261517800008 ER PT J AU Fritz, WP Bienkiewicz, B Cui, B Flamand, O Ho, TCE Kikitsu, H Letchford, CW Simiu, E AF Fritz, W. P. Bienkiewicz, B. Cui, B. Flamand, O. Ho, T. C. E. Kikitsu, H. Letchford, C. W. Simiu, E. TI International Comparison of Wind Tunnel Estimates of Wind Effects on Low-Rise Buildings: Test-Related Uncertainties SO JOURNAL OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING-ASCE LA English DT Article ID DESIGN AB The consistency of measurements in various wind tunnels is of concern to designers and code writers. This study attempts to quantify the variability of wind effects estimates based on tests conducted at six wind tunnel laboratories. Pressure tap measurements were made on wind tunnel models of four buildings. Comparisons were made between estimated 50th percenttiles of (1) peak positive moments in a frame section near the knee joint and (2) peak pressure coefficients of a roof tap nearest a building corner. Modeling of suburban terrain contributes significantly to the variability. Other factors are eave height, wind direction, and frame location within the building. Coefficients of variation were about 10-40%. A subsequent phase of this research entails a detailed analysis of the reasons for the variabilities. The results could help future improvement of wind load factors that account for all relevant uncertainties in the estimation of wind effects and efforts to improve and standardize wind tunnel simulations. C1 [Fritz, W. P.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Bienkiewicz, B.] Colorado State Univ, Engn Res Ctr, Wind Engn & Fluids Lab, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [Cui, B.] Clemson Univ, Dept Civil Engn, Clemson, SC 29634 USA. [Flamand, O.] Ctr Sci & Tech Batiment, F-44323 Nantes, France. [Ho, T. C. E.] Univ Western Ontario, AG Davenport Wind Engn Grp, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada. [Kikitsu, H.] Bldg Res Inst, Dept Struct Engn, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050802, Japan. [Letchford, C. W.] Univ Tasmania, Sch Engn, Hobart, Tas 7001, Australia. RP Fritz, WP (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM simiu@nist.gov FU NIST; CSTB; Colorado State University (CSU); University of Western Ontario; Texas Tech University (TTU) FX The last writer, of the National Institute of Standards and Technology, initiated and coordinated this project. The participation of J. Gandemer of the Centre Scientifique et Technique du Batiment (CSTB), Nantes, France, H. Okada of the Building Research Institute (BRI), Tsukuba, Japan, T. Reinhold of Clemson University, G. Harris of CECO Building Systems, and L. Shoemaker of The Metal Buildings Manufacturers Association is gratefully acknowledged. NIST partially supported: the work by CSTB and Colorado State University (CSU); the work by the University of Western Ontario and Texas Tech University (TTU) through the NIST/TTU Cooperative Agreement Windstorm Mitigation Initiative; and the work by Clemson University through the NIST/Clemson Cooperative Agreement. The collaboration between NIST and BRI was initiated within the framework of the U. S. Japan Cooperative Program in Natural Resources (UJNR). NR 8 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 1 PU ASCE-AMER SOC CIVIL ENGINEERS PI RESTON PA 1801 ALEXANDER BELL DR, RESTON, VA 20191-4400 USA SN 0733-9445 J9 J STRUCT ENG-ASCE JI J. Struct. Eng.-ASCE PD DEC PY 2008 VL 134 IS 12 BP 1887 EP 1890 DI 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:12(1887) PG 4 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering GA 372ZG UT WOS:000260940200010 ER PT J AU Tassey, G AF Tassey, Gregory TI Globalization of technology-based growth: the policy imperative SO JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER LA English DT Article DE economic growth policy; globalization, innovation; technologial change; S&T policy AB The United States became the dominant technology-based economy after World War II and held that position for decades by accumulating a huge base of superior technical, physical, organizational, and marketing assets. However, the world is witnessing the rapid globalization of technology-based competition, which is the result of major commitments by many nations to investment in technology and its effective utilization. The changing dynamics of such competition requires revisions to the centuries' old law of comparative advantage and the Schumpeterian process of creative destruction. However, U. S. technology-based growth policies have at best stood still for most of this period. The R&D intensity of the U. S. economy is below its peak in the 1960s and its vaunted "high-tech sector'' is too small and increasingly challenged to carry the remaining sectors, as was the case before globalization began in earnest. A major reason for inadequate adaptation is the "installed base effect,'' which results from the accumulation of the above types of economic assets and in turn creates both complacency and resistance to the need for adaptation. Weak recoveries from the most recent recessions and the sluggish growth in real incomes are major indicators of structural problems that are not being addressed. Catch-up will require adoption of more comprehensive growth policies, implemented with considerably more resources and based on substantive policy analysis capabilities. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Tassey, G (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM tassey@nist.gov NR 13 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 1 U2 14 PU SPRINGER PI NEW YORK PA 233 SPRING ST, NEW YORK, NY 10013 USA SN 0892-9912 J9 J TECHNOL TRANSFER JI J. Technol. Transf. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 33 IS 6 BP 560 EP 578 DI 10.1007/s10961-008-9092-0 PG 19 WC Engineering, Industrial; Management SC Engineering; Business & Economics GA 354UF UT WOS:000259663800002 ER PT J AU Naugolnykh, K Rybak, S AF Naugolnykh, Konstantin Rybak, Samuil TI Infrasound induced instability by modulation of condensation process in the atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SOUND AB A sound wave in supersaturated water vapor can modulate both the process of heat release caused by condensation, and subsequently, as a result, the resonance interaction of sound with the modulated heat release provides sound amplification. High-intensity atmospheric perturbations such as cyclones and thunderstorms generate infrasound, which is detectable at large distances from the source. The wave-condensation instability can lead to variation in the level of infrasound radiation by a developing cyclone, and this can be as a precursor of these intense atmospheric events. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3006377] C1 [Naugolnykh, Konstantin] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab & Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Rybak, Samuil] NN Andreev Acoust Inst, Moscow 117036, Russia. RP Naugolnykh, K (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab & Zel Technol LLC, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. EM konstantin.naugolnylh@noaa.gov; samuil-rybak@rambler.ru FU NATO [ESP.NR.NRCLG 982524] FX We are grateful to L. Pitaevskii, A. Bedard, and O. Godin for many helpful discussions. This work was supported in part by NATO Grant No. ESP.NR.NRCLG 982524. NR 12 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 124 IS 6 BP 3410 EP 3412 DI 10.1121/1.3006377 PG 3 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 398XS UT WOS:000262765600007 PM 19206769 ER PT J AU Ostashev, VE Scanlon, MV Wilson, DK Vecherin, SN AF Ostashev, Vladimir E. Scanlon, Michael V. Wilson, D. Keith Vecherin, Sergey N. TI Source localization from an elevated acoustic sensor array in a refractive atmosphere SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article AB Localization of sound sources on the ground from an acoustic sensor array elevated on a tethered aerostat is considered. To improve estimation of the source coordinates, one should take into account refraction of sound rays due to atmospheric stratification. Using a geometrical acoustics approximation for a stratified moving medium, formulas for the source coordinates are derived that account for sound refraction. The source coordinates are expressed in terms of the direction of sound propagation as measured by the sensor array, its coordinates, and the vertical profiles of temperature and wind velocity. Employing these formulas and typical temperature and wind velocity profiles in the atmosphere, it is shown numerically that sound refraction is important for accurate predictions of the source coordinates. Furthermore, it is shown that the effective sound speed approximation, which is widely used in atmospheric acoustics, fails to correctly predict the source coordinates if the grazing angle of sound propagation is relatively large. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.3003085] C1 [Ostashev, Vladimir E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Scanlon, Michael V.] USA, Res Lab, AMSRD ARL SE SP, Adelphi, MD 20783 USA. [Wilson, D. Keith] USA, Engineer Res & Dev Ctr, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Vecherin, Sergey N.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. RP Ostashev, VE (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 FU Army Research Laboratory [W911NF-06-2-0015] FX This research was supported by the Army Research Laboratory via a subagreement with the DoD Center for Geosciences/Atmospheric Research at Colorado State University under Cooperative Agreement W911NF-06-2-0015. NR 10 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 2 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 124 IS 6 BP 3413 EP 3420 DI 10.1121/1.3003085 PG 8 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 398XS UT WOS:000262765600008 PM 19206770 ER PT J AU Malyarenko, EV Heyman, JS Chen-Mayer, HH Tosh, RE AF Malyarenko, Eugene V. Heyman, Joseph S. Chen-Mayer, H. Heather Tosh, Ronald E. TI High-resolution ultrasonic thermometer for radiation dosimetry SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID WATER; VELOCITY; SOUND AB This paper describes recent developments in the area of high-precision ultrasonic thermometry with the potential to provide on-site direct determination of radiation doses administered for cancer treatment. Conventional calorimeters used for this purpose measure radiation-induced heating in a water phantom at one point in space by means of immersed thermistors and are subject to various thermal disturbances due to Ohmic heating and interactions of the radiation with the sensor probes. By contrast, the method described here is based on a high-resolution ultrasonic system that determines the change of the speed of sound due to small temperature changes in an acoustic propagation path in the radiation-heated water, thereby avoiding such undesired thermal effects. The thermometer is able to measure tens of microkelvin changes in the water temperature averaged over the acoustic path of about 60 cm at room temperature, with root-mean-squared noise of about 5 mu K. Both incandescent and ionizing radiation heating data are presented for analog and digital implementations of a laboratory prototype. This application of the ultrasonic technique opens up possibilities for a new approach to performing therapy-level radiation dosimetry for medical clinics and standards laboratories. (C) 2008 Acoustical Society of America. [DOI: 10.1121/1.2997431] C1 [Malyarenko, Eugene V.; Heyman, Joseph S.] Luna Innovat Inc, Hampton, VA 23666 USA. [Chen-Mayer, H. Heather; Tosh, Ronald E.] NIST, Ionizing Radiat Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Malyarenko, EV (reprint author), Tessonics Corp, 2019 Hazel St, Birmingham, MI 48009 USA. EM evmaly@yahoo.com FU NIST [SB1341-04-W-1127, SB1341-05-C-0025] FX This research was supported by NIST Contract Nos SB1341-04-W-1127 and SB1341-05-C-0025. NR 24 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 7 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 124 IS 6 BP 3481 EP 3490 DI 10.1121/1.2997431 PG 10 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 398XS UT WOS:000262765600015 PM 19206777 ER PT J AU Yang, TC Yang, WB AF Yang, T. C. Yang, Wen-Bin TI Low probability of detection underwater acoustic communications using direct-sequence spread spectrum SO JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA LA English DT Article ID SIGNALS AB Direct-sequence spread spectrum is used for underwater acoustic communications between nodes, at least one of which is moving. At-sea data show that the phase change due to source motion is significant: The differential phase between two adjacent symbols is often larger than the phase difference between symbols. This poses a challenge to phase-detection based receiver algorithms when the source or receiver is moving. A pair of energy detectors that are insensitive to the phase fluctuations is proposed, whose outputs are used to determine the relationship between adjacent symbols. Good performance is achieved for a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as low as -10 dB based on at-sea data. While the method can be applied to signaling using short code sequences, the focus in this paper is on long code sequences for the purpose of achieving a high processing gain (at the expense of a low data rate), so that communications can be carried out at a low input SNR to minimize the probability of detection (P(D)) by an interceptor. P(D) is calculated for a typical shallow water environment as a function of range for several source levels assuming a broadband energy detector with a known signal bandwidth. [DOI: 10.1121/1.2996329] C1 [Yang, T. C.] USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. [Yang, Wen-Bin] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Yang, TC (reprint author), USN, Res Lab, Washington, DC 20375 USA. EM yang@wave.nrl.navy.mil FU Office of Naval Research; NRL Acoustic Division [TREX04] FX This work is supported by the Office of Naval Research. We are grateful to the NRL Acoustic Division personnel who supported and conducted the TREX04 experiment. NR 19 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 9 PU ACOUSTICAL SOC AMER AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA STE 1 NO 1, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4502 USA SN 0001-4966 J9 J ACOUST SOC AM JI J. Acoust. Soc. Am. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 124 IS 6 BP 3632 EP 3647 DI 10.1121/1.2996329 PG 16 WC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology SC Acoustics; Audiology & Speech-Language Pathology GA 398XS UT WOS:000262765600030 PM 19206792 ER PT J AU Azar, AE Ghedira, H Romanov, P Mahani, S Tedesco, M Khanbilvardi, R AF Azar, Amir E. Ghedira, Hosni Romanov, Peter Mahani, Shayesteh Tedesco, Marco Khanbilvardi, Reza TI Application of Satellite Microwave Images in Estimating Snow Water Equivalent SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE snow; snow depth; SWE; remote sensing; microwave ID ALGORITHM AB Flood forecast and water resource management requires reliable estimates of snow pack properties [snow depth and snow water equivalent (SWE)]. This study focuses on application of satellite microwave images to estimate the spatial distribution of snow depth and SWE over the Great Lakes area. To estimate SWE, we have proposed the algorithm which uses microwave brightness temperatures (Tb) measured by the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) radiometer along with information on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The algorithm was developed and tested over 19 test sites characterized by different seasonal average snow depth and land cover type. Three spectral signatures derived from SSM/I data, namely T19V-T37V (GTV), T19H-T37H (GTH), and T22V-T85V (SSI), were examined for correlation with the snow depth and SWE. To avoid melting snow conditions, we have used observations taken only during the period from December 1-February 28. It was found that GTH, and GTV exhibit similar correlation with the snow depth/SWE and are most should be used over deep snowpack. In the same time, SSI is more sensitive to snow depth variations over a shallow snow pack. To account for the effect of dense forests on the scattering signal of snow we established the slope of the regression line between GTV and the snow depth as a function of NDVI. The accuracy of the new technique was evaluated through its comparison with ground-based measurements and with results of SWE analysis prepared by the National Operational Hydrological Remote Sensing Center (NOHRSC) of the National Weather Service. The proposed algorithm was found to be superior to previously developed global microwave SWE retrieval techniques. C1 [Azar, Amir E.; Ghedira, Hosni; Mahani, Shayesteh; Khanbilvardi, Reza] CUNY, NOAA, CREST, New York, NY 10021 USA. [Romanov, Peter] NOAA, NESDIS, Camp Springs, MD USA. [Tedesco, Marco] NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Azar, AE (reprint author), CUNY, NOAA, CREST, 137th St & Convent Ave, New York, NY 10021 USA. EM eazar@ce.cony.cuny.edu RI Romanov, Peter/F-5622-2010; Tedesco, Marco/F-7986-2015 OI Romanov, Peter/0000-0002-2153-8307; NR 17 TC 6 Z9 6 U1 0 U2 6 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1347 EP 1362 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00227.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 378OO UT WOS:000261334000001 ER PT J AU Thompson, A Wilson, T Norman, J Gemechu, AL Roa-Espinosa, A AF Thompson, A. M. Wilson, T. Norman, J. M. Gemechu, A. L. Roa-Espinosa, A. TI Modeling the Effect of Summertime Heating on Urban Runoff Temperature SO JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN WATER RESOURCES ASSOCIATION LA English DT Article DE sensible heat; runoff temperature; energy balance; pavement; sod; rainfall ID STORMWATER RUNOFF; SURFACES; STORAGE; ALBEDO AB The summertime heating of runoff in urban areas is recognized as a common and consistent urban climatological phenomenon. In this study, a simple thermal urban runoff model (TURM) is presented for the net energy flux at the impervious surfaces of urban areas to account for the heat transferred to runoff. The first step in developing TURM consists of calculating the various factors that control how urban impervious areas absorb heat and transfer it to moving water on the surface. The runoff temperature is determined based on the interactions of the physical characteristics of the impervious areas, the weather, and the heat transfer between the moving film of runoff and the impervious surface common in urban areas. Key surface and weather factors that affect runoff temperature predictions are type of impervious surface, air temperature, humidity, solar radiation before and during rain, rainfall intensity, and rainfall temperature. Runoff from pervious areas is considered separately and estimated using the Green-Ampt Mein-Larson rainfall excess method. Pervious runoff temperature is estimated as the rainfall temperature. Field measurements indicate that wet bulb temperature can be used as a surrogate for rainfall temperature and that runoff temperatures from sod average just 2 degrees C higher than rainfall temperatures. Differences between measured and predicted impervious runoff temperature average approximately 2 degrees C, indicating that TURM is a useful tool for determining runoff temperatures for typical urban areas. C1 [Thompson, A. M.; Gemechu, A. L.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, Madison, WI 53706 USA. [Wilson, T.] NOAA, Air Resources Lab, Atmospher Turbulence & Diffus Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37830 USA. [Norman, J. M.] Univ Wisconsin, Dept Soil Sci, Madison, WI 53706 USA. RP Thompson, A (reprint author), Univ Wisconsin, Dept Biol Syst Engn, 460 Henry Mall, Madison, WI 53706 USA. EM amthompson2@wisc.edu RI Wilson, Timothy/C-9863-2016 OI Wilson, Timothy/0000-0003-1785-5323 NR 34 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PUBLISHING, INC PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 1093-474X J9 J AM WATER RESOUR AS JI J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 44 IS 6 BP 1548 EP 1563 DI 10.1111/j.1752-1688.2008.00259.x PG 16 WC Engineering, Environmental; Geosciences, Multidisciplinary; Water Resources SC Engineering; Geology; Water Resources GA 378OO UT WOS:000261334000016 ER PT J AU Kilvington, CC Collins, AG Kosevich, IA Pyataeva, SV Robson, EA AF Kilvington, C. C. Collins, A. G. Kosevich, I. A. Pyataeva, S. V. Robson, E. A. TI Protohydra leuckarti near Plymouth SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE Hydrozoa; Protohydra leuckarti; Plymouth; meiofauna; phylogeny ID RDNA DATA; CNIDARIA; HYDROZOA; MEIOBENTHOS; PHYLOGENY; EVOLUTION; HYDROIDS; CAPITATA; ECOLOGY AB A new location for Protohydra leuckarti is reported near Plymouth at Millbrook Lake (Tamar Estuary). To place this finding in context, notes follow on a familiar habitat of this species in the White Sea, and on the general ecology and distribution Of Protohydra and its enigmatic phylogeny. C1 [Collins, A. G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Kosevich, I. A.; Pyataeva, S. V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Fac Biol, Dept Invertebrate Zool, Moscow 119991, Russia. [Robson, E. A.] Univ Reading, Sch Biol Sci, Reading RG6 6AJ, Berks, England. RP Kilvington, CC (reprint author), 6 Fisher Rd, Plymouth PL2 3BB, Devon, England. EM e.a.robson@reading.ac.uk RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691 NR 29 TC 1 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 88 IS 8 BP 1555 EP 1557 DI 10.1017/S0025315408001288 PG 3 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 398DG UT WOS:000262712200006 ER PT J AU Cartwright, P Evans, NM Dunn, CW Marques, AC Miglietta, MP Schuchert, P Collins, AG AF Cartwright, Paulyn Evans, Nathaniel M. Dunn, Casey W. Marques, Antonio C. Miglietta, Maria Pia Schuchert, Peter Collins, Allen G. TI Phylogenetics of Hydroidolina (Hydrozoa: Cnidaria) SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE phylogenetics; Hydroidolina; Hydrozoa; Cnidaria ID PHYLUM-CNIDARIA; RDNA DATA; EVOLUTION; MEDUSOZOA; HYDROIDOMEDUSAE; HYDRACTINIIDAE; CLASSIFICATION; LEPTOTHECATA; STECHOW AB Hydroidolina is a group of hydrozoans that includes Anthoathecata, Leptothecata and Siphonophorae. Previous phylogenetic analyses show strong support for Hydroidolina monophyly, but the relationships between and within its subgroups remain uncertain. In an effort to further clarify hydroidolinan relationships, we performed phylogenetic analyses on 97 hydroidolinan taxa, using DNA sequences from partial mitochondrial 16S rDNA, nearly complete nuclear 18S rDNA and nearly complete nuclear 28S rDNA. Our findings are consistent with previous analyses that support monophyly of Siphonophorae and Leptothecata and do not support monophyly of Anthoathecata nor its component subgroups, Filifera and Capitata. Instead, within Anthoathecata, we find support for four separate filiferan clades and two separate capitate clades (Aplanulata and Capitata sensu stricto). Our data however, lack any substantive support for discerning relationships between these eight distinct hydroidolinan clades. C1 [Cartwright, Paulyn; Evans, Nathaniel M.] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. [Dunn, Casey W.] Brown Univ, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Providence, RI 02912 USA. [Marques, Antonio C.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Biociencias, Dept Zool, Sao Paulo, Brazil. [Miglietta, Maria Pia] Penn State Univ, Dept Biol, University Pk, PA 16802 USA. [Schuchert, Peter] Museum Hist Nat, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, NMNH, NOAA Fisheries Serv, Natl Systemat Lab, Washington, DC 20013 USA. RP Cartwright, P (reprint author), Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66049 USA. EM pcart@ku.edu RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Marques, Antonio/E-8049-2011; OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Marques, Antonio/0000-0002-2884-0541; Dunn, Casey/0000-0003-0628-5150; Evans, Nathaniel/0000-0003-4524-372X FU NSF [EF-0531779]; CNPq [55.7333/2005-9, 490348/2006-8, 305735/2006-3]; FAPESP [2004/09961-4] FX We would like to thank A. Lindner for DNA samples and anonymous referees for helpful comments. This study was supported from grants from NSF AToL EF-0531779 (to P.C. and A.G.C.). A.C.M. has financial support from CNPq (55.7333/2005-9, 490348/2006-8, 305735/2006-3) and FAPESP (2004/09961-4). NR 36 TC 60 Z9 63 U1 1 U2 16 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 88 IS 8 SI SI BP 1663 EP 1672 DI 10.1017/S0025315408002257 PG 10 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 398DG UT WOS:000262712200019 ER PT J AU Collins, AG Bentlage, B Lindner, A Lindsay, D Haddock, SHD Jarms, G Norenburg, JL Jankowski, T Cartwright, P AF Collins, Allen G. Bentlage, Bastian Lindner, Alberto Lindsay, Dhugal Haddock, Steven H. D. Jarms, Gerhard Norenburg, Jon L. Jankowski, Thomas Cartwright, Paulyn TI Phylogenetics of Trachylina (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) with new insights on the evolution of some problematical taxa SO JOURNAL OF THE MARINE BIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED KINGDOM LA English DT Article DE phylogenetics; Trachylina; problematic taxa ID N-SP; PEDOMORPHOSIS; STAUROMEDUSA; DIVERSITY; MEDUSOZOA; MEDUSAE; PHYLUM AB Some of the most interesting and enigmatic cnidarians are classified within the hydrozoan subclass Trachylina. Despite being relatively depauperate in species richness, the clade contains four taxa typically accorded ordinal status: Actinulida, Limnomedusae, Narcomedusae and Trachymedusae. We bring molecular data (mitochondrial 16S and nuclear small and large subunit ribosomal genes) to bear on the question of phylogenetic relationships within Trachylina. Surprisingly, we find that a diminutive polyp form, Microhydrula limopsicola (classified within Limnomedusae) is actually a previously unknown life stage of a species of Stauromedusae. Our data confirm that the interstitial form Halammohydra sp. (Actinulida) is derived from holopelagic direct developing ancestors, likely within the trachymedusan family Rhopalonematidae. Trachymedusae is shown to be diphyletic, suggesting that the polyp stage has been lost independently at least two times within trachyline evolution. Narcomedusae is supported as a monophyletic group likely also arising from trachymedusan ancestors. Finally, some data, albeit limited, suggest that some trachyline species names refer to cryptic species that have yet to be sorted taxonomically. C1 [Collins, Allen G.] Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, Washington, DC 20013 USA. [Bentlage, Bastian; Cartwright, Paulyn] Univ Kansas, Dept Ecol & Evolutionary Biol, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA. [Lindner, Alberto] Univ Sao Paulo, Ctr Biol Marinha, Sao Sebastiao, SP, Brazil. [Lindsay, Dhugal] Japan Agcy Marine Earth Sci & Technol, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2370061, Japan. [Haddock, Steven H. D.] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Jarms, Gerhard] Univ Hamburg, Biozentrum Grindel, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Jarms, Gerhard] Univ Hamburg, Zool Museum, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany. [Jankowski, Thomas] Fed Inst Aquat Sci & Technol, CH-8600 Dubendorf, Switzerland. RP Collins, AG (reprint author), Smithsonian Inst, Natl Museum Nat Hist, Natl Systemat Lab, NMFS, MRC-153,POB 37012, Washington, DC 20013 USA. EM CollinsA@SI.edu RI Collins, Allen/A-7944-2008; Lindner, Alberto/E-1946-2013; Norenburg, Jon/K-3481-2015 OI Collins, Allen/0000-0002-3664-9691; Norenburg, Jon/0000-0001-7776-1527 FU US National Science Foundation (NSF) [0531779]; FAPESP [06/02960-8/05821-9/60327-0]; [OPP-0338218]; [DEB-9978086] FX We gratefully acknowledge support from the US National Science Foundation (NSF) Assembling the Tree of Life Grant 0531779 (to P.C., A.G.C., and D. Fautin). We also thank: three anonymous referees for reviewing an earlier version of the MS; P. Schuchert for providing DNA extractions; C. Mah and K. Halanych for collecting medusae in Antarctica through support from a NSF grant (OPP-0338218 to KH); the Smithsonian's Marine Science Network and R. Collin for supporting the collection of specimens; the Smithsonian's Laboratory of Analytical Biology for the use of its computer cluster to conduct phylogenetic analyses; E. Strong for the use of a computer to conduct phylogenetic analyses; N. Evans for developing several new LSU primers; Lynne Christianson, the David and Lucile Packard Foundation and the ROVs 'Tiburon' and 'Ventand for support used to collect specimens; D. Calder, P. Schuchert, S. Cairns and A. Kohn for consultation on how best to handle the nomenclatural issues surrounding the name Tetraplatiidae; and, NSF (PEET DEB-9978086) and FAPESP (06/02960-8/05821-9/60327-0) for financial support for A. Lindner. NR 54 TC 45 Z9 49 U1 2 U2 12 PU CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS PI NEW YORK PA 32 AVENUE OF THE AMERICAS, NEW YORK, NY 10013-2473 USA SN 0025-3154 EI 1469-7769 J9 J MAR BIOL ASSOC UK JI J. Mar. Biol. Assoc. U.K. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 88 IS 8 SI SI BP 1673 EP 1685 DI 10.1017/S0025315408001732 PG 13 WC Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 398DG UT WOS:000262712200020 ER PT J AU Lombardo, FT Simiu, E AF Lombardo, Franklin T. Simiu, Emil TI Discussion of "A comparison of methods of extreme wind speed estimation" by Ying An and MD Pandey [J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 93 (2005) 535-545] SO JOURNAL OF WIND ENGINEERING AND INDUSTRIAL AERODYNAMICS LA English DT Editorial Material C1 [Lombardo, Franklin T.; Simiu, Emil] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Lombardo, FT (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mail Stop 8611, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM franklin.lombardo@nist.gov; emil.simiu@nist.gov NR 3 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 1 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-6105 J9 J WIND ENG IND AEROD JI J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 96 IS 12 BP 2452 EP 2454 DI 10.1016/j.jweia.2008.03.003 PG 3 WC Engineering, Civil; Mechanics SC Engineering; Mechanics GA 362ZD UT WOS:000260234800013 ER PT J AU Cheng, IJ Dutton, PH Chen, CL Chen, HC Chen, YH Shea, JW AF Cheng, I.-J. Dutton, P. H. Chen, C.-L. Chen, H.-C. Chen, Y-H. Shea, J.-W. TI Comparison of the genetics and nesting ecology of two green turtle rookeries SO JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY LA English DT Article DE Chelonia mydas; Taiwan; nesting ecology; Wan-an Island; Lanyu Island; genetic structure ID WAN-AN ISLAND; CHELONIA-MYDAS; SEA-TURTLE; POPULATION-STRUCTURE; MARINE TURTLES; WATER RELATIONS; MITOCHONDRIAL; EGGS; POLYMORPHISMS; ARCHIPELAGO AB We characterize the behavioral, phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of the two main green turtle Chelonia mydas nesting populations remaining in Taiwan and examine how the differing ecology of the nesting environments on each island may have influenced these life-history traits. Wan-an Island in the south-west sector of the Taiwan Straits was found to be hotter and drier than Lanyu Island located south-east of Taiwan in the Pacific Ocean. The frequency of nesting attempts and the internesting intervals were both significantly greater (mean nesting attempts: 15.4 vs. 15.2, mean internesting interval: 13.7 vs. 10.6 days) for the Wan-an nesters. Nests were deeper (69.6 vs. 69.0 cm) while the incubation duration was shorter on this island (52.1 vs. 54.7 days). Green turtles were larger on Lanyu, but deposited smaller eggs. Nests on Lanyu had higher hatching success, hatchling emergence success and clutch survival rate (hatching success; 72.2 vs. 80.76%, hatchling emergence success; 47 vs. 64.1%, clutch survival rate; 67.7 vs. 70.3%). However, hatchlings on Wan-an were larger (HC; 47.6 vs. 46.6 cm. HW; 23.9 vs. 21.7 cm). Analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequences obtained from a total of 53 nesters indicated that both rookeries are genetically distinct (F(ST)=0.673, P < 0.00001), with a single haplotype characterizing the Lanyu rookery (n=13). This lack of gene flow between the two rookeries is evidence for localized natal homing and is consistent with the morphological and behavioral differences that we detected between the two rookeries. These findings are surprising given the close geographic proximity of the two rookeries. C1 [Cheng, I.-J.; Chen, C.-L.; Chen, H.-C.; Chen, Y-H.; Shea, J.-W.] Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Chilung 20224, Taiwan. [Dutton, P. H.] SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, NOAA Fisheries, La Jolla, CA USA. RP Cheng, IJ (reprint author), Natl Taiwan Ocean Univ, Inst Marine Biol, Chilung 20224, Taiwan. EM b01077@mail.ntou.edu.tw FU Council of Agriculture; I-Mei Environmental Protection Foundation; NOAA-Fisheries FX The authors thank J-W. Kuo, M-D. Chang and volunteers for fieldwork, and Robin LeRoux, Erin LaCasella and Amy Frey for their assistance with laboratory analysis. Thanks to George Balazs for facilitating collection of genetic samples. Genetic analyses were carried out at the NOAA Southwest Fisheries Science Center, La Jolla Laboratory. All work was conducted in accordance with international ( CITES, 2000) and Taiwanese legislation (COA, 2000-2006) under the scientific collection permits AF0961700204, CITES Permits Taiwan export permit 01US844694/9-06US844694/9. We wish to acknowledge the use of Maptool program, available from http://www.seaturtle.org. This research was funded by the Council of Agriculture, I-Mei Environmental Protection Foundation and NOAA-Fisheries. We thank Graeme Hays and an anonymous reviewer for helpful input that improved the paper. NR 50 TC 20 Z9 21 U1 2 U2 12 PU WILEY-BLACKWELL PI MALDEN PA COMMERCE PLACE, 350 MAIN ST, MALDEN 02148, MA USA SN 0952-8369 J9 J ZOOL JI J. Zool. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 276 IS 4 BP 375 EP 384 DI 10.1111/j.1469-7998.2008.00501.x PG 10 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 376TL UT WOS:000261205800008 ER PT J AU Greenfield, DI Marin, R Doucette, GJ Mikulski, C Jones, K Jensen, S Roman, B Alvarado, N Feldman, J Scholin, C AF Greenfield, Dianne I. Marin, Roman, III Doucette, Gregory J. Mikulski, Christina Jones, Kelly Jensen, Scott Roman, Brent Alvarado, Nilo Feldman, Jason Scholin, Chris TI Field applications of the second-generation Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) for remote detection of harmful algae: 2006-2007 SO LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY-METHODS LA English DT Article AB We assess the application of the second-generation Environmental Sample Processor (ESP) for the detection of harmful algal bloom (HAB) species in field and laboratory settings using two molecular probe techniques: a sandwich hybridization assay (SHA) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). During spring 2006, the first time this new instrument was deployed, the ESP successfully automated application of DNA probe arrays for various HAB species and other planktonic taxa, but non-specific background binding on the SHA probe array support made results interpretation problematic. Following 2006, the DNA array support membrane that we were using was replaced with a different membrane, and the SHA chemistry was adjusted. The sensitivity and dynamic range of these modifications were assessed using 96-well plate and ESP array SHA formats for several HAB species found commonly in Monterey Bay over a range of concentrations; responses were significantly correlated (p < 0.01). Modified arrays were deployed in 2007. Compared to 2006, probe arrays showed improved signal: noise, and remote detection of various HAB species was demonstrated. We confirmed that the ESP and affiliated assays can detect HAB populations at levels below those posing human health concerns, and results can be related to prevailing environmental conditions in near real-time. C1 [Greenfield, Dianne I.] Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Marin, Roman, III; Jensen, Scott; Roman, Brent; Scholin, Chris] Monterey Bay Aquarium Res Inst, Moss Landing, CA 95039 USA. [Doucette, Gregory J.; Mikulski, Christina; Jones, Kelly; Alvarado, Nilo] Natl Ocean Serv, NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Feldman, Jason] NASA, Jet Prop Lab, Pasadena, CA 91109 USA. RP Greenfield, DI (reprint author), Univ S Carolina, Belle W Baruch Inst Marine & Coastal Sci, 331 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM dgreenfield@belle.baruch.sc.edu RI Doucette, Gregory/M-3283-2013 FU Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute; David and Lucille Packard Foundation; National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration [OCE-0314222, CCF424599, NNG06GB34G, OCE-0314089] FX We thank the engineering technicians and machinists at MBARI for their invaluable help and dedication toward instrument development. We also greatly appreciate the hard work and dedication from the crew of the R/V Zephyr and Moss Landing Marine Laboratory, Small Boat Operations, and help from Drs. W. Jones and C. Preston. The authors gratefully acknowledge Drs. Z. Wang and T. Roth for the extraction and analysis of domoic acid in discrete water samples. This project was funded in part by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute from funds allocated by the David and Lucille Packard Foundation, the National Science Foundation, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (OCE-0314222, CCF424599, and NNG06GB34G to CAS, and OCE-0314089 to GJD). NR 43 TC 37 Z9 37 U1 3 U2 20 PU AMER SOC LIMNOLOGY OCEANOGRAPHY PI WACO PA 5400 BOSQUE BLVD, STE 680, WACO, TX 76710-4446 USA SN 1541-5856 J9 LIMNOL OCEANOGR-METH JI Limnol. Oceanogr. Meth. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 6 BP 667 EP 679 PG 13 WC Limnology; Oceanography SC Marine & Freshwater Biology; Oceanography GA V19FQ UT WOS:000208058700004 ER PT J AU Pikuleva, I Mast, N Liao, WL Turko, I AF Pikuleva, Irina A. Mast, Natalia Liao, Wei-Li Turko, Illarion V. TI Studies of Membrane Topology of Mitochondrial Cholesterol Hydroxylases CYPs 27A1 and 11A1 SO LIPIDS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 99th AOCS Annual Meeting and Expo CY MAY, 2008 CL Seattle, WA SP AOCS DE CYP27A1; CYP11A1; Membrane topology; Mass spectrometry analysis ID F-G LOOP; CYTOCHROME-P450 27A1; HYDROPHOBIC MOMENT; P450SCC; PROTEIN; HELIX AB Mitochondrial cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP or P450, EC 1.14.13.15) play an important role in metabolism of cholesterol. CYP27A1 hydroxylates cholesterol at position 27 and, thus, initiates cholesterol removal from many extrahepatic tissues. CYP11A1 is a steroidogenic P450 that converts cholesterol to pregnenolone, the first step in the biosynthesis of all steroid hormones. We utilized a new approach to study membrane topology of CYPs 27A1 and 11A1. This approach involves heterologous expression of membrane-bound P450 in E. coli, isolation of the P450-containing E. coli membranes, treatment of the membranes with protease, removal of the digested soluble portion and extraction of the membrane-associated peptides, which are then identified by mass spectrometry. By using this approach, we found four membrane-interacting peptides in CYP27A1, and two peptides in CYP11A1. Peptides in CYP27A1 represent a contiguous portion of the polypeptide chain (residues 210-251) corresponding to the putative F-G loop and adjacent portions of the F and G helices. Peptides in CYP11A1 are from the putative F-G loop (residues 218-225) and the C-terminal portion of the G helix (residues 238-250). This data is consistent with those obtained previously by us and others and provide new information about the membrane topology of CYPs 27A1 and 11A1. C1 [Pikuleva, Irina A.; Mast, Natalia] Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Pikuleva, Irina A.; Mast, Natalia] Univ Hosp Cleveland, Case Med Ctr, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. [Pikuleva, Irina A.; Mast, Natalia] Univ Texas Galveston, Med Branch, Dept Pharmacol & Toxicol, Galveston, TX 77555 USA. [Liao, Wei-Li; Turko, Illarion V.] Ctr Adv Res Biotechnol, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. [Liao, Wei-Li; Turko, Illarion V.] Univ Maryland, Inst Biotechnol, Rockville, MD 20850 USA. RP Pikuleva, I (reprint author), Case Western Reserve Univ, Dept Ophthalmol & Visual Sci, Cleveland, OH 44106 USA. EM irina.pikuleva@case.edu FU NIA NIH HHS [AG024336, K02 AG024336, K02 AG024336-04]; NIGMS NIH HHS [GM062882, R01 GM062882, R01 GM062882-07] NR 18 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 3 PU SPRINGER HEIDELBERG PI HEIDELBERG PA TIERGARTENSTRASSE 17, D-69121 HEIDELBERG, GERMANY SN 0024-4201 J9 LIPIDS JI Lipids PD DEC PY 2008 VL 43 IS 12 BP 1127 EP 1132 DI 10.1007/s11745-008-3234-x PG 6 WC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics SC Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Nutrition & Dietetics GA 377YH UT WOS:000261287800005 PM 18791760 ER PT J AU Wang, JY Hung, SK Yang, SC Jefferson, TA Secchi, ER AF Wang, John Y. Hung, Samuel K. Yang, Shih Chu Jefferson, Thomas A. Secchi, Eduardo R. TI Population differences in the pigmentation of Indo-Pacific humpback dolphins, Sousa chinensis, in Chinese waters SO MAMMALIA LA English DT Article DE Chinese waters; eastern Taiwan Strait; Indo-Pacific humpback dolphin; Jiulong River Estuary; Pearl River Estuary; pigmentation; Sousa chinensis ID TAIWAN STRAIT; CONSERVATION; ABUNDANCE AB Spotting pigmentation was compared amongst three putative populations of Sousa chinensis: eastern Taiwan Strait (ETS; n=31), Pearl River Estuary ( PRE; n=188) and Jiulong River Estuary (JRE; n=10). Spotting intensity on dorsal fins and bodies of each dolphin was scored from 1 ( least spotted) to 4 ( most spotted) by nine independent subjects and the means of their scores were analysed using analysis of variances ( with post-hoc comparisons) and multiple t-tests. Dorsal fins of ETS dolphins were more spotted when compared to those of the PRE (p < 0.0001) and JRE (p < 0.0001), but those of PRE vs. JRE dolphins were not significantly different. Body spotting comparisons for all regions were not significantly different. The most noticeable character was the relative differences in spotting intensity between dorsal fins and bodies; dorsal fins were generally as, or more, spotted than bodies of ETS dolphins, while dorsal fins were generally less spotted than bodies of PRE and JRE dolphins. ETS dolphins also maintained spotting on their dorsal fins throughout all spotting phases of the body, whereas dorsal fins of PRE and JRE dolphins became unspotted well before their bodies. These results show that the ETS dolphins are distinct and apparently diagnosable from the PRE and JRE populations. C1 [Wang, John Y.] FormosaCetus Res & Conservat Grp, Thornhill, ON L4J 7X1, Canada. [Wang, John Y.] Natl Museum Marine Biol & Aquarium, Checheng 944, Pingtung County, Taiwan. [Hung, Samuel K.] Hong Kong Cetacean Res Project, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China. [Yang, Shih Chu] FormosaCetus Res & Conservat Grp, Hualien, Taiwan. [Jefferson, Thomas A.] NOAA Fisheries, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA 92037 USA. [Secchi, Eduardo R.] Univ Fed Rio Grande, Lab Tartarugas & Mamiferos Marinhos, Dept Oceanog, BR-96201900 Rio Grande, RS, Brazil. RP Wang, JY (reprint author), FormosaCetus Res & Conservat Grp, 310-7250 Yonge St, Thornhill, ON L4J 7X1, Canada. EM pcrassidens@rogers.com RI Secchi, Eduardo/D-5038-2013 OI Secchi, Eduardo/0000-0001-9087-9909 NR 26 TC 25 Z9 26 U1 0 U2 11 PU WALTER DE GRUYTER GMBH PI BERLIN PA GENTHINER STRASSE 13, D-10785 BERLIN, GERMANY SN 0025-1461 EI 1864-1547 J9 MAMMALIA JI Mammalia PD DEC PY 2008 VL 72 IS 4 BP 302 EP 308 DI 10.1515/MAMM.2008.030 PG 7 WC Zoology SC Zoology GA 391KO UT WOS:000262232400005 ER PT J AU Levin, M Leibrecht, H Ryan, J Van Dolah, F De Guise, S AF Levin, Milton Leibrecht, Heather Ryan, James Van Dolah, Frances De Guise, Sylvain TI Immunomodulatory Effects of Domoic Acid Differ Between In vivo and In vitro Exposure in Mice SO MARINE DRUGS LA English DT Article DE Domoic acid; immunotoxicity; innate immunity; adaptive immunity ID IONOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS; T-CELL PROLIFERATION; SEA LIONS; LYMPHOCYTE-PROLIFERATION; PERIPHERAL-TISSUES; IMMUNE FUNCTION; RISK-ASSESSMENT; CALCIUM; PHAGOCYTOSIS; GLUCOCORTICOIDS AB The immunotoxic potential of domoic acid (DA), a well-characterized neurotoxin, has not been fully investigated. Phagocytosis and lymphocyte proliferation were evaluated following in vitro and in vivo exposure to assay direct vs indirect effects. Mice were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of DA (2.5 mu g/g b.w.) and sampled after 12, 24, or 48 hr. In a separate experiment, leukocytes and splenocytes were exposed in vitro to 0, 1, 10, or 100 mu M DA. In vivo exposure resulted in a significant increase in monocyte phagocytosis (12-hr), a significant decrease in neutrophil phagocytosis (24-hr), a significant decrease in monocyte phagocytosis (48-hr), and a significant reduction in T-cell mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation (24-hr). In vitro exposure significantly reduced neutrophil and monocyte phagocytosis at 1 mu M. B- and T-cell mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation were both significantly increased at 1 and 10 mu M, and significantly decreased at 100 mu M. Differences between in vitro and in vivo results suggest that DA may exert its immunotoxic effects both directly and indirectly. Modulation of cytosolic calcium suggests that DA exerts its effects through ionotropic glutamate subtype surface receptors at least on monocytes. This study is the first to identify DA as an immunotoxic chemical in a mammalian species. C1 [Levin, Milton; Leibrecht, Heather; De Guise, Sylvain] Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. [Ryan, James; Van Dolah, Frances] NOAA, Marine Biotoxins Program, Natl Ocean Serv, Ctr Coastal Environm Hlth & Biomol Res, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Levin, M (reprint author), Univ Connecticut, Dept Pathobiol & Vet Sci, Storrs, CT 06269 USA. EM Milton.Levin@uconn.edu; hlmleibrecht@yahoo.com; James.Ryan@noaa.gov; fran.vandolah@noaa.gov; sylvain.deguise@uconn.edu OI Ryan, James/0000-0002-1101-3785 NR 68 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 5 PU MOLECULAR DIVERSITY PRESERVATION INTERNATIONAL-MDPI PI BASEL PA KANDERERSTRASSE 25, CH-4057 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 1660-3397 J9 MAR DRUGS JI Mar. Drugs PD DEC PY 2008 VL 6 IS 4 BP 636 EP 659 DI 10.3390/md6040636 PG 24 WC Chemistry, Medicinal SC Pharmacology & Pharmacy GA 387JL UT WOS:000261948400009 PM 19172200 ER PT J AU Springman, KR Short, JW Lindeberg, MR Maselko, JM Khan, C Hodson, PV Rice, SD AF Springman, Kathrine R. Short, Jeffrey W. Lindeberg, Mandy R. Maselko, Jacek M. Khan, Colin Hodson, Peter V. Rice, Stanley D. TI Semipermeable membrane devices link site-specific contaminants to effects: Part 1-Induction of CYP1A in rainbow trout from contaminants in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE SPMD; Oil spill; CYP1A; Complex mixture; Assessment; EROD; Creosote; Biomarker; Trout; Induction potential; Lingering oil; Effects ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; EXXON-VALDEZ OIL; PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; WESTERN MEDITERRANEAN-SEA; POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; ONCORHYNCHUS-MYKISS; SALMO-GAIRDNERI; MILL EFFLUENTS; SPILL SITES; CRUDE-OIL AB Extracts from semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs) deployed on beaches in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, were used to evaluate if complex contaminant mixtures from different sources can be distinguished by the resulting cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) activity in exposed test animals. Deployment sites included canneries, salmon hatcheries, and beaches where lingering oil remains from discharges during the 1964 earthquake or the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill. Other sites were selected at random to evaluate region-wide contaminant inputs or were located in salmon streams to evaluate contaminants carried and released by migrating salmon carcasses following reproduction. Following standard deployments of approximately 28 cl, an aliquot of the accumulated contaminants was intraperitoneally injected without cleanup into juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). After 2 d and 7 cl, the activity of CYP1A was measured by the ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (EROD) assay. Exposure to extracts from the oiled sites and one hatchery site with numerous creosote pilings elicited strong EROD responses, whereas fish exposed to salmon stream extracts elicited weak but significant responses during late summer compared to late spring. Responses from the other sites were not significant, indicating contaminants from these sources are unlikely to cause CYP1A induction in resident biota. Rather than simply assessing extant contaminants, this method evaluates the potency of the different sites for bringing about aryl hydrocarbon receptor responses in resident biota. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Springman, Kathrine R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Short, Jeffrey W.; Lindeberg, Mandy R.; Maselko, Jacek M.; Rice, Stanley D.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Khan, Colin; Hodson, Peter V.] Queens Univ, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Springman, KR (reprint author), POB 315, Littleriver, CA 92456 USA. EM krspringman@gmail.com RI surname, name/A-2183-2010 FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX This study was supported in part by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, but the findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of the Council. Mention of products or services herein does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 71 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 23 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 EI 1879-0291 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 66 IS 5 BP 477 EP 486 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2008.07.001 PG 10 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 379AW UT WOS:000261367900001 PM 18845333 ER PT J AU Short, JW Springman, KR Lindeberg, MR Holland, LG Larsen, ML Sloan, CA Khan, C Hodson, PV Rice, SD AF Short, Jeffrey W. Springman, Kathrine R. Lindeberg, Mandy R. Holland, Larry G. Larsen, Marie L. Sloan, Catherine A. Khan, Colin Hodson, Peter V. Rice, Stanley D. TI Semipermeable membrane devices link site-specific contaminants to effects: PART II - A comparison of lingering Exxon Valdez oil with other potential sources of CYP1A inducers in Prince William Sound, Alaska SO MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Pollution monitoring; Oil spills; Sources; PAH; PCB; SPMD ID POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; CRUDE-OIL; ORGANIC POLLUTANTS; SEA OTTER; SEDIMENTS; SPILL; FISH; GULF; INDUCTION; TISSUES AB We deployed semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) on beaches for 28 days at 53 sites in Prince William Sound (PWS), Alaska, to evaluate the induction potential from suspected sources of cytochrome P450 1A(CYP1A)-inducing contaminants. Sites were selected to assess known point sources, or were chosen randomly to evaluate the region-wide sources. After deployment, SPMD extracts were analyzed chemically for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). These results were compared with hepatic CYP1A enzyme activity of juvenile rainbow trout injected with the same extracts priorto clean-up for the chemical analyses. Increased CYP1A activity was strongly associated with PAH concentrations in extracts, especially chrysene homologues but was not associated with POPs. The only apparent sources of chrysene homologues were lingering oil from Exxon Valdez, asphalt and bunker fuels released from storage tanks during the 1964 Alaska earthquake, creosote leaching from numerous pilings at one site, and PAH-contaminated sediments at Cordova Harbor. Our results indicate that PWS is remarkably free of pollution from PAH when nearby sources are absent as well as from pesticides and PCBs generally. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Short, Jeffrey W.; Lindeberg, Mandy R.; Holland, Larry G.; Larsen, Marie L.; Rice, Stanley D.] NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. [Springman, Kathrine R.] Univ Calif Davis, Davis, CA 95616 USA. [Sloan, Catherine A.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NW Fisheries Sci Ctr, Seattle, WA 98112 USA. [Khan, Colin; Hodson, Peter V.] Queens Univ, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada. RP Short, JW (reprint author), NOAA, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, 17109 Point Lena Loop Rd, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. EM Jeff.Short@noaa.gov; krspringman@gmail.com FU Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council FX This study was supported in part by the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Trustee Council, but the findings and conclusions are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views or positions of the Council. Mention of products or services herein does not imply endorsement by the US government. NR 45 TC 17 Z9 17 U1 0 U2 19 PU ELSEVIER SCI LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, OXON, ENGLAND SN 0141-1136 EI 1879-0291 J9 MAR ENVIRON RES JI Mar. Environ. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 66 IS 5 BP 487 EP 498 DI 10.1016/j.marenvres.2008.08.007 PG 12 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology; Toxicology GA 379AW UT WOS:000261367900002 PM 18845332 ER PT J AU Marks, KM Smith, WHF AF Marks, K. M. Smith, W. H. F. TI An uncertainty model for deep ocean single beam and multibeam echo sounder data SO MARINE GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCHES LA English DT Article DE Bathymetry; Error; Uncertainty; Micronesia; Atlantic; Statistics ID SATELLITE ALTIMETRY; DEPTH AB Comparing single beam and multibeam echo sounder data where surveys overlap we find that: 95% of multibeam measurements are repeatable to within 0.47% of depth; older single beam data can be at least as accurate as multibeam; single beam and multibeam profiles show excellent agreement at full-wavelengths longer than 4 km; archival sounding errors are not Gaussian; 95% of archival soundings in the northwest Atlantic are accurate to within 1.6% of depth; the 95th percentile error is about five times greater in pre-1969 data than in post-1968 data; many of the largest errors are located over large seafloor slopes, where small navigation errors can lead to large depth errors. Our uncertainty model has the form sigma (2) = a (2) + (bz)(2) + (cs)(2), where 2 sigma is approximately the 95th percentile error, z is the depth, s is the slope, and a, b, c are constants we determine separately for pre-1969 and post-1968 data. C1 [Marks, K. M.; Smith, W. H. F.] NOAA Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Marks, K. M.; Smith, W. H. F.] NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. RP Marks, KM (reprint author), NOAA, Lab Satellite Altimetry, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. EM Karen.Marks@noaa.gov RI Marks, Karen/F-5610-2010; Smith, Walter/F-5627-2010 OI Marks, Karen/0000-0001-6524-1495; Smith, Walter/0000-0002-8814-015X FU National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration FX This study was possible because the CCOM, JAMSTEC, and NGDC data sets were freely available for on-line download. We thank JAMSTEC (Contributors for MIRAI Data Web, (1999, 2000, 2001, 2002), MIRAI Data Web, http://www.jamstec.go.jp/mirai/, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan) for making their multibeam echo sounder data freely available, the US National Geophysical Data Center NGDC for making GEODAS, the Worldwide Marine Geophysical Database (http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/geodas/trackline.html), freely available online, and the University of New Hampshire Center for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/NOAA Joint Hydrographic Center (CCOM) for making their surveys of potential extended continental shelf areas public. We thank two anonymous reviewers whose comments improved this manuscript. The views, opinions, and findings contained in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration or US Government position, policy, or decision. NR 11 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 7 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0025-3235 J9 MAR GEOPHYS RES JI Mar. Geophys. Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 29 IS 4 BP 239 EP 250 DI 10.1007/s11001-008-9060-y PG 12 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography SC Geochemistry & Geophysics; Oceanography GA 430BU UT WOS:000264964600002 ER PT J AU Payne, JR Driskell, WB Short, JW Larsen, ML AF Payne, James R. Driskell, William B. Short, Jeffrey W. Larsen, Marie L. TI Long term monitoring for oil in the Exxon Valdez spill region SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article DE PAH monitoring; Prince William Sound; Mytilus trossulus; LTEMP; Exxon Valdez oil spill; Alaska; Oil tanker ID SEA-SURFACE MICROLAYER; PRINCE-WILLIAM-SOUND; POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC-HYDROCARBONS; PHOTOENHANCED TOXICITY; PUGET-SOUND; PORT-VALDEZ; CRUDE-OIL; ALASKA; SEDIMENTS; MUSSELS AB In the aftermath of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, a Long Term Environmental Monitoring Program (LTEMP) has been regularly sampling mussels (and some sediments) for polycyclic aromatic and saturated hydrocarbons (PAH and SHC) at sites in Port Valdez, Prince William Sound, and the nearby Gulf of Alaska region. After 1999, a decreasing trend appears in total PAH (TPAH) in tissues at all sites with current values below 100 ng/g dry weight (many below 50 ng/g). Currently, most samples reflect a predominantly dissolved-phase signal. This new low in TPAH likely represents ambient background levels. Synchrony in TPAH time-series and similarities in the hydrocarbon signatures portray regional-scale dynamics. The five inner Prince William Sound sites show similar composition and fluctuations that are different from the three Gulf of Alaska sites. The two Port Valdez sites represent a unique third region primarily influenced by the treated ballast water discharge from the Alyeska Marine Terminal. Prince William Sound has reverted to a stable environment of extremely low level contamination in which local perturbations are easily detected. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. C1 [Payne, James R.] Payne Environm Consultants Inc, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. [Short, Jeffrey W.; Larsen, Marie L.] NOAA, Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Ted Stevens Marine Res Inst, Juneau, AK 99801 USA. RP Payne, JR (reprint author), Payne Environm Consultants Inc, 1991 Village Pk Way,Suite 206 B, Encinitas, CA 92024 USA. EM jrpayne@sbcglobal.net FU Exxon Valdez Trustee Council FX We wish to thank the Prince William Sound Regional Citizens' Advisory Council for their continued support along with partial funding from the Exxon Valdez Trustee Council. The results presented here solely reflect our interpretations of the data and not necessarily those of the funding partners. We are especially grateful for the camaraderie, patience, and managerial skills of Lisa Ka'aihue, the versatility and field support of David Janka and crew of the R/V Auklet, the due efforts of our predecessors - the KLI/GERG team, and the forbearance from our respective families. NR 51 TC 30 Z9 30 U1 0 U2 34 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 56 IS 12 BP 2067 EP 2081 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.07.014 PG 15 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 388AF UT WOS:000261992000025 PM 18835610 ER PT J AU Deshpande, AD Doyle, SA Dockum, BW Tesolin-Gee, A AF Deshpande, Ashok D. Doyle, Scott A. Dockum, Bruce W. Tesolin-Gee, Amy TI Organochlorine contaminants in the muscle of striped bass illegally harvested from shad gill nets in the Hudson River Estuary SO MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN LA English DT Article ID POLYCHLORINATED-BIPHENYLS; HABITAT USE; PCB; ACCUMULATION C1 [Deshpande, Ashok D.; Dockum, Bruce W.; Tesolin-Gee, Amy] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Sandy Hook Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. [Doyle, Scott A.] Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Brielle, NJ 08730 USA. RP Deshpande, AD (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, Sandy Hook Lab, Highlands, NJ 07732 USA. EM ashok.deshpande@noaa.gov NR 39 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 1 U2 4 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0025-326X EI 1879-3363 J9 MAR POLLUT BULL JI Mar. Pollut. Bull. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 56 IS 12 BP 2088 EP 2093 DI 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.09.005 PG 6 WC Environmental Sciences; Marine & Freshwater Biology SC Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Marine & Freshwater Biology GA 388AF UT WOS:000261992000027 PM 18976784 ER PT J AU Ruberg, SA Kendall, ST Biddanda, BA Black, T Nold, SC Lusardi, WR Green, R Casserley, T Smith, E Sanders, TG Lang, GA Constant, SA AF Ruberg, Steven A. Kendall, Scott T. Biddanda, Bopaiah A. Black, Tyrone Nold, Stephen C. Lusardi, Wayne R. Green, Russ Casserley, Tane Smith, Elliott Sanders, T. Garrison Lang, Gregory A. Constant, Stephen A. TI Observations of the Middle Island Sinkhole in Lake Huron - A Unique Hydrogeologic and Glacial Creation of 400 Million Years SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID SUBMERGED SINKHOLE AB In the northern Great Lakes region, limestone sediments deposited some 400 million ybp during the Devonian have experienced erosion, creating karst features such as caves and sinkholes. The groundwater chemical constituents of the shallow seas that produced these rock formations now contribute to the formation of a unique physical (sharp density gradients), chemical (dissolved oxygen-depleted, sulfate-rich) and biological (microbe-dominated) environment in a submerged sinkhole near Middle Island in freshwater Lake Huron. A variety of methods including aerial photography, physico-chemical mapping, time series measurements, remotely operated vehicle (ROV) survey, diver observations and bathymetric mapping were employed to obtain a preliminary understanding of sinkhole features and to observe physical interactions of the systems groundwater with Lake Huron. High conductivity ground water of relatively constant temperature hugs the sinkhole floor creating a distinct sub-ecosystem within this Great Lakes ecosystem. Extensive photosynthetic purple cyanobacterial benthic mats that characterize the benthos of this shallow sinkhole were strictly limited to the zone of ground water influence. C1 [Ruberg, Steven A.; Lang, Gregory A.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Kendall, Scott T.; Biddanda, Bopaiah A.; Sanders, T. Garrison] Grand Valley State Univ, Allendale, MI 49401 USA. [Nold, Stephen C.] Univ Wisconsin Stout, Menomonie, WI USA. [Casserley, Tane] NOAA, NMS Maritime Hertiage Program, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. [Constant, Stephen A.] Univ Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA. RP Ruberg, SA (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Silver Spring, MD 20910 USA. OI Ruberg, Steven/0000-0001-8809-5689 FU NSF [0603944, 0604158] FX The authors acknowledge the Funding contributions made by NOANs Office of Ocean Exploration during the initial survey and mapping cruises leading to this work. Wind speed and wind direction data was obtained from the National Data Buoy Center. The authors would like to recognize the contributions made by Dennis Donahue, marine superintendent of NOANs Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory (GLERL); Jeff Gray, TBNMS manager for laboratory and logistical support; Luke Clyburn, captain of the Pride of Michigan (NOF) for ship, survey, and dive support; and Pat Sanders of HYPACK for bathymetric mapping support. Joe Hoyt and Eric Strickler assisted with field work and the data collection. Sanders was supported on NSF and Michigan Space Grants Consortium graduate fellowships, whereas Strickler was supported by an NSF internship. This work was funded by National Science Foundation grants 0603944 (Biddanda) and 0604158 (Nold), and is GLERL contribution number 1493. NR 15 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 1 U2 7 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 12 EP 21 PG 10 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 396OF UT WOS:000262600300003 ER PT J AU Lindholm, J Kelly, M Kline, D de Marignac, J AF Lindholm, James Kelly, Megan Kline, Donna de Marignac, Jean TI Patterns in the Local Distribution of the Sea Whip, Halipteris willemoesi, in an Area Impacted by Mobile Fishing Gear SO MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOCIETY JOURNAL LA English DT Article ID HABITAT; ALASKA AB While conducting a larger project along the continental shelf off central California in June 2006, we encountered a large patch of sea whips (Halipteris willemoesi) in an area that was actively fished by vessels using otter trawls. A total of 10 transects were conducted using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to collect video imagery of seafloor communities. Video records allowed us to quantify sea whip density and to calculate the densities of upright and damaged or broken sea whips. Though the transects were sited within a dense aggregation of trawl tracks, we recorded significant variability in sea whip densities across transects. While subtle differences in water depth among transects may have contributed to the variability in sea whip density we suggest that the distribution of trawling effort is a more likely explanation. C1 [Kelly, Megan; Kline, Donna] Calif State Univ Monterey Bay, Inst Appl Marine Ecol, Monterey, CA USA. [de Marignac, Jean] Monterey Bay Natl Marine Sanctuary, Monterey, CA USA. FU NOANs National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP); National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS); Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary's "Sanctuary Integrated Monitoring Network (SIMoN)"; United States Department of Education FX Acknowledgments We are grateful to J. Hyland, A. Knight, L. Uttal, D. Howard, R.N. Lea, and T Laidig for their invaluable field support. S. McEuen and G. Williams provided species identification from physical specimens. We also thank officers and crew of the NOAA Ship McArthur II and the ROV crew from Deep Ocean Exploration and Research, Alameda CA. This work was supported through a partnership agreement between NOANs National Marine Sanctuary Program (NMSP) and National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science (NCCOS). Additional support was provided through the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary's "Sanctuary Integrated Monitoring Network (SIMoN)" program. M. Kelly was supported by a Ronald McNair Scholarship from the United States Department of Education. NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 4 PU MARINE TECHNOLOGY SOC INC PI COLUMBIA PA 5565 STERRETT PLACE, STE 108, COLUMBIA, MD 21044 USA SN 0025-3324 J9 MAR TECHNOL SOC J JI Mar. Technol. Soc. J. PD WIN PY 2008 VL 42 IS 4 BP 64 EP 68 PG 5 WC Engineering, Ocean; Oceanography SC Engineering; Oceanography GA 396OF UT WOS:000262600300009 ER PT J AU Phan, LT AF Phan, Long T. TI Pore pressure and explosive spalling in concrete SO MATERIALS AND STRUCTURES LA English DT Article DE High-strength concrete; Elevated temperature; Explosive spalling; Polypropylene fiber; Pore pressure ID HIGH-TEMPERATURES AB Results of an experimental study, which measured thermally-induced pore pressure and corresponding concrete temperatures in high-strength concrete (HSC) and normal strength concrete (NSC), to quantify the effects of factors influencing pore pressure buildup and potential for explosive spalling in HSC and NSC are presented. The specimens are 100 x 200 x 200 mm concrete blocks, heated to a maximum temperature of 600 degrees C (1,112 degrees F) at 5 degrees C/min (41 degrees F/min) and 25 degrees C/min (77 degrees F/min). The complex heat-induced moisture transport process, which varied with specific levels of concrete temperature and significantly influenced the developments of pore pressure and concrete temperature, is explained. Pore pressure developments are shown to be directly related to the moisture transport process and have a significant influence on occurrence of explosive spalling. Effects of water-to-cementitious materials ratios (w/cm), curing conditions, heating rates, and polypropylene (PP) fibers on pore pressure buildup and explosive spalling are quantified and described. C1 NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Phan, LT (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, 100 Bur Dr,Mailstop 8611, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM long.phan@nist.gov NR 2 TC 30 Z9 34 U1 1 U2 9 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 1359-5997 J9 MATER STRUCT JI Mater. Struct. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 41 IS 10 BP 1623 EP 1632 DI 10.1617/s11527-008-9353-2 PG 10 WC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering, Civil; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary SC Construction & Building Technology; Engineering; Materials Science GA 364DE UT WOS:000260315600002 ER PT J AU Vecherin, SN Ostashev, VE Wilson, DK Ziemann, A AF Vecherin, Sergey N. Ostashev, Vladimir E. Wilson, D. Keith Ziemann, A. TI Time-dependent stochastic inversion in acoustic tomography of the atmosphere with reciprocal sound transmission SO MEASUREMENT SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY LA English DT Article DE travel-time tomography; inverse problems; acoustic imaging; remote sensing; tomography of the atmosphere; stochastic inversion ID KALMAN FILTER; VECTOR-FIELDS; SURFACE-LAYER; RECONSTRUCTION; TEMPERATURE; RESTORATION; TURBULENCE; FLOW AB Time-dependent stochastic inversion (TDSI) was recently developed for acoustic travel-time tomography of the atmosphere. This type of tomography allows reconstruction of temperature and wind-velocity fields given the location of sound sources and receivers and the travel times between all source-receiver pairs. The quality of reconstruction provided by TDSI depends on the geometry of the transducer array. However, TDSI has not been studied for the geometry with reciprocal sound transmission. This paper is focused on three aspects of TDSI. First, the use of TDSI in reciprocal sound transmission arrays is studied in numerical and physical experiments. Second, efficiency of time-dependent and ordinary stochastic inversion ( SI) algorithms is studied in numerical experiments. Third, a new model of noise in the input data for TDSI is developed that accounts for systematic errors in transducer positions. It is shown that (i) a separation of the travel times into temperature and wind-velocity components in tomography with reciprocal transmission does not improve the reconstruction, (ii) TDSI yields a better reconstruction than SI and (iii) the developed model of noise yields an accurate reconstruction of turbulent fields and estimation of errors in the reconstruction. C1 [Vecherin, Sergey N.; Ostashev, Vladimir E.] New Mexico State Univ, Dept Phys, Las Cruces, NM 88003 USA. [Vecherin, Sergey N.] USA, Signature Phys Branch, Erdc, CRREL, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. [Ostashev, Vladimir E.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Ziemann, A.] Univ Leipzig, Inst Meteorol, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany. RP Vecherin, SN (reprint author), USA, Signature Phys Branch, Erdc, CRREL, 72 Lyme Rd, Hanover, NH 03755 USA. EM Sergey.N.Vecherin@usace.army.mil RI Wilson, D. Keith/A-4687-2012 OI Wilson, D. Keith/0000-0002-8020-6871 NR 39 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 3 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0957-0233 EI 1361-6501 J9 MEAS SCI TECHNOL JI Meas. Sci. Technol. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 19 IS 12 AR 125501 DI 10.1088/0957-0233/19/12/125501 PG 12 WC Engineering, Multidisciplinary; Instruments & Instrumentation SC Engineering; Instruments & Instrumentation GA 370JR UT WOS:000260759000015 ER PT J AU Levine, J AF Levine, Judah TI A review of time and frequency transfer methods SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Time Scale Algorithm Symposium CY 2008 CL San Fernando, SPAIN ID GPS AB I will discuss the three general methods that are commonly used to transmit time and frequency information: one-way methods, which measure or model the path delay using ancillary data, two-way methods, which depend on the symmetry of the delays in opposite directions along the same path, and common view, in which several stations receive data from a common source over paths whose delays are approximately equal. I will describe the advantages and limitations of the different methods including uncertainty estimates for systems that are based on them. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Levine, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jlevine@boulder.nist.gov NR 30 TC 50 Z9 54 U1 2 U2 11 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA TEMPLE CIRCUS, TEMPLE WAY, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 EI 1681-7575 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 SI SI BP S162 EP S174 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/45/6/S22 PG 13 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 395DN UT WOS:000262502900023 ER PT J AU Levine, J AF Levine, Judah TI Realizing UTC(NIST) at a remote location SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Time Scale Algorithm Symposium CY 2008 CL San Fernando, SPAIN AB I will describe the backup time scale system that I have constructed at the site of the NIST radio stations near Fort Collins, Colorado, and I will compare its performance with the primary ensemble in Boulder. The Fort Collins system is designed to be a backup for the Boulder system and is intended to support all of the NIST time services should the primary scale become unavailable for any reason. The backup time has a number of unique problems and requirements, and I will discuss the design considerations that I used to address these issues. The backup scale tracks UTC(NIST) in frequency with an uncertainty (measured by the Allan deviation of the difference) of about 1 x 10(-14) by use of administrative steering that is applied not more often than once per week. The corresponding time deviation is less than 1 ns for all averaging times less than 1 week, and the peak time difference between UTC(NIST) and its backup realization is less than +/- 25ns and is generally much better than this value. This is much better than would be needed for supporting the radio stations, the digital time services (ACTS, a time service that provides time in a digital format using dial-up telephone lines, and the Internet services) and the Frequency Measurement Service. Its frequency stability and time accuracy would not be adequate for the most demanding users of the Global Time Service and for international time and frequency coordination. The primary limitations to the performance of the backup time scale are caused by environmental perturbations, especially temperature and supply voltage, and the existing hardware could probably support all of the NIST services if the environment were improved. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Levine, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM jlevine@boulder.nist.gov NR 3 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP S23 EP S33 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/45/6/S04 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 395DN UT WOS:000262502900005 ER PT J AU Levine, J AF Levine, Judah TI Improvements to the NIST network time protocol servers SO METROLOGIA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT 5th International Time Scale Algorithm Symposium CY 2008 CL San Fernando, SPAIN ID COMPUTER AB The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) operates 22 network time servers at various locations. These servers respond to requests for time in a number of different formats and provide time stamps that are directly traceable to the NIST atomic clock ensemble in Boulder. The link between the servers at locations outside of the NIST Boulder Laboratories and the atomic clock ensemble is provided by the Automated Computer Time Service (ACTS) system, which has a direct connection to the clock ensemble and which transmits time information over dial-up telephone lines with a two-way protocol to measure the transmission delay. I will discuss improvements to the ACTS servers and to the time servers themselves. These improvements have resulted in an improvement of almost an order of magnitude in the performance of the system. C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Levine, J (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Time & Frequency, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Jlevine@boulder.nist.gov NR 12 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0026-1394 J9 METROLOGIA JI Metrologia PD DEC PY 2008 VL 45 IS 6 BP S12 EP S22 DI 10.1088/0026-1394/45/6/S03 PG 11 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 395DN UT WOS:000262502900004 ER PT J AU Van Nostrad, JD Arthur, JM Kilpatrick, LE Neely, BA Bertsch, PM Morris, PJ AF Van Nostrad, Joy D. Arthur, John M. Kilpatrick, Lisa E. Neely, Benjamin A. Bertsch, Paul M. Morris, Pamela J. TI Changes in protein expression in Burkholderia vietnamiensis PR1(301) at pH 5 and 7 with and without nickel SO MICROBIOLOGY-SGM LA English DT Article ID 2-DIMENSIONAL GEL-ELECTROPHORESIS; COOMASSIE BRILLIANT BLUE; ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; QUORUM-SENSING GENES; FACTOR EF-TU; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; STREPTOCOCCUS-MUTANS; ISOPRENOID BIOSYNTHESIS; RALSTONIA-EUTROPHA; MEMBRANE-PROTEINS AB Burkholderia vietnamiensis PR1(301) (PR1) exhibits pH-dependent nickel (Ni) tolerance, with lower Ni toxicity observed at pH 5 than at pH 7. The Ni tolerance mechanism in PR1 is currently unknown, and traditional mechanisms of Ni resistance do not appear to be present. Therefore, 2D gel electrophoresis was used to examine changes in protein expression in PR1 with and without Ni (3.4 mM) at pH 5 and 7. Proteins with both a statistically significant and at least a twofold difference in expression level between conditions (pH, Ni) were selected and identified using MALDI-TOF-MS or LC-MS. Results showed increased expression of proteins involved in cell shape and membrane composition at pH 5 compared with pH 7. Scanning electron microscopy indicated elongated cells at pH 5 and 6 compared with pH 7 in the absence of Ni. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis showed a statistically significant difference in the percentages of long- and short-chain fatty acids at pH 5 and 7. These findings suggest that changes in membrane structure and function may be involved in the ability of PR1 to grow at higher concentrations of Ni at pH 5 than at pH 7. C1 [Van Nostrad, Joy D.; Neely, Benjamin A.; Bertsch, Paul M.; Morris, Pamela J.] Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Arthur, John M.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Med, Charleston, SC 29425 USA. [Kilpatrick, Lisa E.] NIST, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Bertsch, Paul M.] Univ Kentucky, Dept Plant & Soil Sci, Lexington, KY 40546 USA. [Morris, Pamela J.] Med Univ S Carolina, Dept Cell Biol & Anat, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. [Morris, Pamela J.] Natl Ocean Serv, Hollings Marine Lab, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. RP Morris, PJ (reprint author), Med Univ S Carolina, Marine Biomed & Environm Sci Ctr, 221 Ft Johnson Rd, Charleston, SC 29412 USA. EM morrisp@musc.edu OI Neely, Benjamin/0000-0001-6120-7695 FU US Department of Energy Environmental Management Science Program [ER086845-0007743]; University of Georgia Research Foundation [DE-FC09-07SR22306]; US Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results Fellowships; Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Graduate Research Participation Program FX This research was supported in part by the US Department of Energy Environmental Management Science Program (ER086845-0007743) and Financial Assistance Award DE-FC09-07SR22306 from the US DOE to the University of Georgia Research Foundation. Financial support for J. V. N. and B. A. N. was provided by US Environmental Protection Agency Science to Achieve Results Fellowships. J. V. N. was also supported by the Savannah River Ecology Laboratory Graduate Research Participation Program. We thank Alison Bland, Lou D'Eugenio and Martha Swartz for technical advice and assistance, Andrew Sowder for imaging PRI cells and Michael Mautner for helpful discussions. Certain commercial equipment, materials or software are identified in this paper to foster understanding. Such identification does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the materials, equipment or software identified are necessarily the best available for the purpose. NR 65 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 5 PU SOC GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY PI READING PA MARLBOROUGH HOUSE, BASINGSTOKE RD, SPENCERS WOODS, READING RG7 1AG, BERKS, ENGLAND SN 1350-0872 J9 MICROBIOL-SGM JI Microbiology-(UK) PD DEC PY 2008 VL 154 BP 3813 EP 3824 DI 10.1099/mic.0.2008/017178-0 PN 12 PG 12 WC Microbiology SC Microbiology GA 387TO UT WOS:000261974700021 PM 19047749 ER PT J AU Zhu, X Yang, Y Li, Q Ioannou, DE Suehle, JS Richter, CA AF Zhu, X. Yang, Y. Li, Q. Ioannou, D. E. Suehle, J. S. Richter, C. A. TI Silicon nanowire NVM cell using high-k dielectric charge storage layer SO MICROELECTRONIC ENGINEERING LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on Materials and Emerging Technologies for Non-Volatile-Memory Devices held at the 2008 EMRS Spring Meeting CY MAY 26-30, 2008 CL Strasbourg, FRANCE SP European Mat Res Soc DE Silicon nanowire; Self-alignment; Non-volatile memory; Hafnium oxide ID MEMORY AB Si nanowire (SiNW) channel non-volatile memory (NVM) cells were fabricated by a "self-alignment" Process. First, a layer of thermal SiO(2) was grown on a silicon wafer by dry oxidation, and the SiNWs were then grown by chemical vapor deposition in pre-defined locations. This was followed by depositing the gate dielectric, which almost surrounds the nanowire and consists of three stacked layers: SiO(2) blocking layer, HfO(2) charge-storing layer and a thin tunneling oxide layer. Source/drain and gate electrodes were formed by photolithography and lift-off, and the devices were electrically tested. As expected from this fabrication process and the enhanced electrostatic control of the "surrounding" gate, excellent cell characteristics were obtained. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Zhu, X.; Yang, Y.; Li, Q.; Ioannou, D. E.] George Mason Univ, ECE Dept, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Zhu, X.; Li, Q.; Suehle, J. S.; Richter, C. A.] NIST, Div Semicond Elect, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Li, Q (reprint author), George Mason Univ, ECE Dept, 4400 Univ Dr,MSN 1G5, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. EM qli6@gmu.edu; dioannou@gmu.edu RI Li, Qiliang/B-2225-2015 OI Li, Qiliang/0000-0001-9778-7695 NR 7 TC 7 Z9 7 U1 0 U2 2 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0167-9317 J9 MICROELECTRON ENG JI Microelectron. Eng. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 85 IS 12 BP 2403 EP 2405 DI 10.1016/j.mee.2008.09.013 PG 3 WC Engineering, Electrical & Electronic; Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Optics; Physics, Applied SC Engineering; Science & Technology - Other Topics; Optics; Physics GA 394PX UT WOS:000262460600020 ER PT J AU Morcrette, JJ Barker, HW Cole, JNS Iacono, MJ Pincus, R AF Morcrette, J. -J. Barker, H. W. Cole, J. N. S. Iacono, M. J. Pincus, R. TI Impact of a New Radiation Package, McRad, in the ECMWF Integrated Forecasting System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LARGE-SCALE MODELS; GENERAL-CIRCULATION MODELS; CLOUD OPTICAL-PROPERTIES; CLIMATE MODELS; INHOMOGENEOUS ATMOSPHERES; ACCURATE PARAMETERIZATION; STRATOCUMULUS CLOUDS; UNRESOLVED CLOUDS; EFFECTIVE RADIUS; COOLING RATES AB A new radiation package, "McRad," has become operational with cycle 32R2 of the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). McRad includes an improved description of the land surface albedo from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) observations, the Monte Carlo independent column approximation treatment of the radiative transfer in clouds, and the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model shortwave scheme. The impact of McRad on year-long simulations at T(L)159L91 and higher-resolution 10-day forecasts is then documented. McRad is shown to benefit the representation of most parameters over both shorter and longer time scales, relative to the previous operational version of the radiative transfer schemes. At all resolutions, McRad improves the representation of the cloud-radiation interactions, particularly in the tropical regions, with improved temperature and wind objective scores through a reduction of some systematic errors in the position of tropical convection as a result of a change in the overall distribution of diabatic heating over the vertical plane, inducing a geographical redistribution of the centers of convection. Although smaller, the improvement is also seen in the rmse of geopotential in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and over Europe. Given the importance of cloudiness in modulating the radiative fluxes, the sensitivity of the model to cloud overlap assumption (COA) is also addressed, with emphasis on the flexibility that is inherent to this new RT approach when dealing with COA. The sensitivity of the forecasts to the space interpolation that is required to efficiently address the high computational cost of the RT parameterization is also revisited. A reduction of the radiation grid for the Ensemble Prediction System is shown to be of little impact on the scores while reducing the computational cost of the radiation computations. McRad is also shown to decrease the cold bias in ocean surface temperature in climate integrations with a coupled ocean system. C1 [Morcrette, J. -J.] European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. [Barker, H. W.] Environm Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada. [Cole, J. N. S.] Univ British Columbia, Dept Earth & Ocean Sci, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada. [Iacono, M. J.] Atmospher & Environm Res Inc, Lexington, MA USA. [Pincus, R.] Univ Colorado, NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Pincus, R.] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Morcrette, JJ (reprint author), European Ctr Medium Range Weather Forecasts, Shinfield Pk, Reading RG2 9AX, Berks, England. EM morcrette@ecmwf.int RI Pincus, Robert/B-1723-2013 OI Pincus, Robert/0000-0002-0016-3470 FU Office of Science (BER); U. S. Department of Energy [DE-FG02-03ER63561] FX A number of other people helped in various aspects of this study: P. Raisanen (FMI) wrote the cloud generator, and E. Mlawer, J. Delamere, and A. Clough (AER, Inc.) originally contributed to the development of the original RRTM longwave and shortwave radiation codes that were later modified to run at ECMWF and that include the McICA approximation to handle cloudiness. MODIS data that were processed in terms of components of the surface albedo were obtained from C. Schaaf at Boston University. At ECMWF, G. Mozdzynski originally developed the reduced grid concept and applied it to radiation computations, D. Salmond and J. Hague helped in the debugging and optimizing of various codes, S. Serrar helped implement the MODIS albedo, M. Leutbecher ran the EPS experiments and discussed the results, and A. Weisheimer and F. Doblas-Reyes ran the integrations with the coupled ocean model; P. Bougeault, M. Miller, and A. Beljaars are thanked for their comments on this paper. Author R. Pincus's work was supported by the Office of Science (BER) and by U. S. Department of Energy Grants DE-FG02-03ER63561. NR 57 TC 96 Z9 103 U1 0 U2 12 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 136 IS 12 BP 4773 EP 4798 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2363.1 PG 26 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 394SD UT WOS:000262467000015 ER PT J AU Engerer, NA Stensrud, DJ Coniglio, MC AF Engerer, Nicholas A. Stensrud, David J. Coniglio, Michael C. TI Surface Characteristics of Observed Cold Pools SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID LIVED SQUALL LINES; MESOSCALE CONVECTIVE SYSTEM; PART I; OKLAHOMA MESONET; REAR-INFLOW; LEADING PRECIPITATION; NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS; ICE MICROPHYSICS; LIFE-CYCLE; BOW ECHOES AB Cold pools are a key element in the organization of precipitating convective systems, yet knowledge of their typical surface characteristics is largely anecdotal. To help to alleviate this situation, cold pools from 39 mesoscale convective system (MCS) events are sampled using Oklahoma Mesonet surface observations. In total, 1389 time series of surface observations are used to determine typical rises in surface pressure and decreases in temperature, potential temperature, and equivalent potential temperature associated with the cold pool, and the maximum wind speeds in the cold pool. The data are separated into one of four convective system life cycle stages: first storms, MCS initiation, mature MCS, and MCS dissipation. Results indicate that the mean surface pressure rises associated with cold pools increase from 3.2 hPa for the first storms' life cycle stage to 4.5 hPa for the mature MCS stage before dropping to 3.3 hPa for the dissipation stage. In contrast, the mean temperature (potential temperature) deficits associated with cold pools decrease from 9.5 (9.8) to 5.4 K (5.6 K) from the first storms to the dissipation stage, with a decrease of approximately 1 K associated with each advance in the life cycle stage. However, the daytime and early evening observations show mean temperature deficits over 11 K. A comparison of these observed cold pool characteristics with results from idealized numerical simulations of MCSs suggests that observed cold pools likely are stronger than those found in model simulations, particularly when ice processes are neglected in the microphysics parameterization. The mean deficits in equivalent potential temperature also decrease with the MCS life cycle stage, starting at 21.6 K for first storms and dropping to 13.9 K for dissipation. Mean wind gusts are above 15 m s(-1) for all life cycle stages. These results should help numerical modelers to determine whether the cold pools in high-resolution models are in reasonable agreement with the observed characteristics found herein. Thunderstorm simulations and forecasts with thin model layers near the surface are also needed to obtain better representations of cold pool surface characteristics that can be compared with observations. C1 [Stensrud, David J.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Coniglio, Michael C.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. RP Stensrud, DJ (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Natl Weather Ctr, Room 4368,120 David L Boren Blvd, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM david.stensrud@noaa.gov OI Engerer, Nicholas/0000-0003-3966-3058 FU NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227]; U. S. Department of Commerce FX We are very grateful to the Oklahoma Mesonet for providing the quality-controlled surface data used as the foundation of this research. The first author (NAE) thanks the NOAA Hollings Scholar program for providing the funding to spend a summer working on this project at the NSSL. Very constructive and helpful comments from Paul Markowski, Matt Parker, and an anonymous reviewer are greatly appreciated. Composite radar images were obtained online (http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/imagearchive/). Partial funding was provided by NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA/University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U. S. Department of Commerce. NR 74 TC 39 Z9 43 U1 3 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 136 IS 12 BP 4839 EP 4849 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2528.1 PG 11 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 394SD UT WOS:000262467000018 ER PT J AU Maclay, KS DeMaria, M AF Maclay, Katherine S. DeMaria, Mark TI Tropical Cyclone Inner-Core Kinetic Energy Evolution SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ATLANTIC HURRICANE SEASON; ANGULAR-MOMENTUM FLUXES; EXTRATROPICAL TRANSITION; AIRCRAFT RECONNAISSANCE; TYPHOON STRUCTURE; PART I; CLIMATOLOGY; INTENSITY; VARIABILITY; MODEL AB Tropical cyclone (TC) destructive potential is highly dependent on the distribution of the surface wind field. To gain a better understanding of wind structure evolution, TC 0-200-km wind fields from aircraft reconnaissance flight-level data are used to calculate the low-level area-integrated kinetic energy (KE). The integrated KE depends on both the maximum winds and wind structure. To isolate the structure evolution, the average relationship between KE and intensity is first determined. Then the deviations of the KE from the mean intensity relationship are calculated. These KE deviations reveal cases of significant structural change and, for convenience, are referred to as measurements of storm size [storms with greater (less) KE for their given intensity are considered large (small)]. It is established that TCs generally either intensify and do not grow or they weaken/maintain intensity and grow. Statistical testing is used to identify conditions that are significantly different for growing versus nongrowing storms in each intensification regime. Results suggest two primary types of growth processes: (i) secondary eyewall formation and eyewall replacement cycles, an internally dominated process, and (ii) external forcing from the synoptic environment. One of the most significant environmental forcings is the vertical shear. Under light shear, TCs intensify but do not grow; under moderate shear, they intensify less but grow more; under very high shear, they do not intensify or grow. As a supplement to this study, a new TC classification C1 [Maclay, Katherine S.] Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. [DeMaria, Mark] NOAA, NESDIS, Ft Collins, CO USA. RP Maclay, KS (reprint author), Colorado State Univ, CIRA, Ft Collins, CO 80523 USA. EM maclay@cira.colostate.edu RI DeMaria, Mark/F-5583-2010; vonderhaar, thomas/N-6724-2015 OI vonderhaar, thomas/0000-0002-1962-7757 FU CIRA FX This research was sponsored by CIRA activities and participation in the GOES Improved Measurement Product Assurance Plan (GIMPAP) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1. The authors thank Wayne Schubert and three anonymous reviewers for providing comments that improved this manuscript. Views, opinions, and findings in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed as an official NOAA and/or U. S. government position, policy, or decision. NR 33 TC 53 Z9 54 U1 0 U2 3 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 136 IS 12 BP 4882 EP 4898 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2268.1 PG 17 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 394SD UT WOS:000262467000021 ER PT J AU French, MM Bluestein, HB Dowell, DC Wicker, LJ Kramar, MR Pazmany, AL AF French, Michael M. Bluestein, Howard B. Dowell, David C. Wicker, Louis J. Kramar, Matthew R. Pazmany, Andrew L. TI High-Resolution, Mobile Doppler Radar Observations of Cyclic Mesocyclogenesis in a Supercell SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID VERTICAL WIND SHEAR; TEXAS; TORNADOES; EVOLUTION; TORNADOGENESIS; DEPENDENCE; STORMS AB On 15 May 2003, two ground-based, mobile, Doppler radars scanned a supercell that moved through the Texas Panhandle and cyclically produced mesocyclones. The two radars collected data from the storm during a rapid cyclic mesocyclogenesis stage and a more slowly evolving tornadic period. A 3-cm-wavelength radar scanned the supercell continuously for a short time after it was cyclic but close to the time of tornadogenesis. A 5-cm-wavelength radar scanned the supercell the entire time it exhibited cyclic behavior and for an additional 30 min after that. The volumetric data obtained with the 5-cm-wavelength radar allowed for the individual circulations to be analyzed at multiple levels in the supercell. Most of the circulations that eventually dissipated moved rearward with respect to storm motion and were located at distances progressively farther away from the region of rear-flank outflow. The circulations associated with a tornado did not move nearly as far rearward relative to the storm. The mean circulation diameters were approximately 1-4 km and had lifetimes of 10-30 min. Circulation dissipation often, but not always, occurred following decreases in circulation diameter, while changes in maximum radial wind shear were not reliable indicators of circulation dissipation. In one instance, a pair of circulations rotated cyclonically around, and moved toward, each other; the two circulations then combined to form one circulation. Single-Doppler radial velocities from both radars were used to assess the differences between the pretornadic circulations and the tornadic circulations. Storm outflow in the rear flank of the storm increased notably during the time cyclic mesocyclogenesis slowed and tornado formation commenced. Large storm-relative inflow likely advected the pretornadic circulations rearward in the absence of organized outflow. The development of strong outflow in the rear flank probably balanced the strong inflow, allowing the tornadic circulations to stay in areas rich in vertical vorticity generation. C1 [French, Michael M.; Bluestein, Howard B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Dowell, David C.] Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK USA. [Wicker, Louis J.] Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73069 USA. [Kramar, Matthew R.] NOAA NWS, Amarillo, TX USA. [Pazmany, Andrew L.] ProSensing Inc, Amherst, MA USA. RP French, MM (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Suite 5900, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM mfrench@ou.edu RI Dowell, David/E-7855-2015 FU NSF [ATM-0241037, ATM-0637148, ATM-0437898] FX The authors thank Michael Biggerstaff and Alan Shapiro, both of whom reviewed early drafts of this work within the first author's M. S. thesis at the University of Oklahoma. Thanks also are given to Curtis Alexander and Al Pietrycha, who provided useful damage information. This study was supported by NSF Grants ATM-0241037, ATM-0637148, and ATM-0437898 ( D. Dowell). NR 27 TC 16 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 136 IS 12 BP 4997 EP 5016 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2407.1 PG 20 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 394SD UT WOS:000262467000027 ER PT J AU Wang, XG Barker, DM Snyder, C Hamill, TM AF Wang, Xuguang Barker, Dale M. Snyder, Chris Hamill, Thomas M. TI A Hybrid ETKF-3DVAR Data Assimilation Scheme for the WRF Model. Part I: Observing System Simulation Experiment SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; ATMOSPHERIC DATA ASSIMILATION; VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS; GLOBAL-MODEL; ERROR; IMPLEMENTATION; INTERPOLATION; COVARIANCES; CENTERS; NWP AB A hybrid ensemble transform Kalman filter-three-dimensional variational data assimilation (ETKF-3DVAR) system for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is introduced. The system is based on the existing WRF 3DVAR. Unlike WRF 3DVAR, which utilizes a simple, static covariance model to estimate the forecast-error statistics, the hybrid system combines ensemble covariances with the static covariances to estimate the complex, flow-dependent forecast-error statistics. Ensemble covariances are incorporated by using the extended control variable method during the variational minimization. The ensemble perturbations are maintained by the computationally efficient ETKF. As an initial attempt to test and understand the newly developed system, both an observing system simulation experiment under the perfect model assumption (Part I) and the real observation experiment (Part II) were conducted. In these pilot studies, the WRF was run over the North America domain at a coarse grid spacing (200 km) to emphasize synoptic scales, owing to limited computational resources and the large number of experiments conducted. In Part I, simulated radiosonde wind and temperature observations were assimilated. The results demonstrated that the hybrid data assimilation method provided more accurate analyses than the 3DVAR. The horizontal distributions of the errors demonstrated the hybrid analyses had larger improvements over data-sparse regions than over data-dense regions. It was also found that the ETKF ensemble spread in general agreed with the root-mean-square background forecast error for both the first-and second-order measures. Given the coarse resolution, relatively sparse observation network, and perfect model assumption adopted in this part of the study, caution is warranted when extrapolating the results to operational applications. C1 [Wang, Xuguang; Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, Xuguang] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barker, Dale M.; Snyder, Chris] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Wang, XG (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM xuguang.wang@noaa.gov RI Barker, David/A-5671-2013; Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0205612, ATM-0205655]; NOAA THORPEX FX The participation of the first author was funded by National Science Foundation Grants ATM-0205612, ATM-0205655, and a NOAA THORPEX grant. We thank Syed Rizvi and John Bray for their help with technical problems of WRF VAR at the early stages of the study. We appreciate Yongsheng Chen for sharing the WRF LBC ensemble perturbation scripts. Discussions with Jeff Whitaker improved the manuscript. We also appreciate the constructive comments from the reviewers. NR 46 TC 110 Z9 127 U1 0 U2 18 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 136 IS 12 BP 5116 EP 5131 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2444.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 394SD UT WOS:000262467000033 ER PT J AU Wang, XG Barker, DM Snyder, C Hamill, TM AF Wang, Xuguang Barker, Dale M. Snyder, Chris Hamill, Thomas M. TI A Hybrid ETKF-3DVAR Data Assimilation Scheme for the WRF Model. Part II: Real Observation Experiments SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID ENSEMBLE KALMAN FILTER; SYSTEM; ERROR; NCEP; NWP AB The hybrid ensemble transform Kalman filter-three-dimensional variational data assimilation (ETKF-3DVAR) system developed for the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model was further tested with real observations, as a follow-up for the observation system simulation experiment (OSSE) conducted in Part I. A domain encompassing North America was considered. Because of limited computational resources and the large number of experiments conducted, the forecasts and analyses employed relatively coarse grid spacing (200 km) to emphasize synoptic scales. As a first effort to explore the new system with real observations, relatively sparse observation datasets consisting of radiosonde wind and temperature during 4 weeks of January 2003 were assimilated. The 12-h forecasts produced by the hybrid analysis produced less root-mean-square error than the 3DVAR. The hybrid improved the forecast more in the western part of the domain than the eastern part. It also produced larger improvements in the upper troposphere. The overall magnitude of the ETKF ensemble spread agreed with the overall magnitude of the background forecast error. For individual variables and layers, the consistency between the spread and the error was less than the OSSE in Part I. Given the coarse resolution and relatively sparse observation network adopted in this study, caution is warranted when extrapolating these results to operational applications. A case study was also performed to further understand a large forecast improvement of the hybrid during the 4-week period. The flow-dependent adjustments produced by the hybrid extended a large distance into the eastern Pacific data-void region. The much improved analysis and forecast by the hybrid in the data void subsequently improved forecasts downstream in the region of verification. Although no moisture observations were assimilated, the hybrid updated the moisture fields flow dependently through cross-variable covariances defined by the ensemble, which improved the forecasts of cyclone development. C1 [Wang, Xuguang; Hamill, Thomas M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Wang, Xuguang] Univ Colorado, Cooperat Inst Res Environm Sci, Climate Diagnost Ctr, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Barker, Dale M.; Snyder, Chris] Natl Ctr Atmospher Res, Mesoscale & Microscale Meteorol Div, Boulder, CO 80307 USA. RP Wang, XG (reprint author), NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Div Phys Sci, 325 Broadway,R PSD1, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM xuguang.wang@noaa.gov RI Barker, David/A-5671-2013; Wang, Xuguang/C-5458-2013 FU National Science Foundation [ATM-0205612, ATM-0205655]; NOAA THORPEX FX The participation of the first author was funded by National Science Foundation Grants ATM-0205612, ATM-0205655, and a NOAA THORPEX grant. Discussions with Jeff Whitaker improved the manuscript. Yongsheng Chen kindly provided scripts to implement the perturbed lateral boundary conditions for WRF. We appreciate the constructive comments from both reviewers. NR 31 TC 75 Z9 88 U1 0 U2 9 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 136 IS 12 BP 5132 EP 5147 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2445.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 394SD UT WOS:000262467000034 ER PT J AU Blanchard, DO AF Blanchard, David O. TI Interactions between a Supercell and a Quasi-Stationary Frontal Boundary SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID TORNADO FORECAST PARAMETERS; DOPPLER RADAR OBSERVATIONS; 2 JUNE 1995; HIGH-RESOLUTION; PART I; MOBILE; THUNDERSTORM; VORTEX-95; ROTATION; MESONET AB The case presented here is submitted as an example of a previously undocumented type of interaction between a supercell thunderstorm and a frontal boundary. During the afternoon of 8 June 1995, a supercell thunderstorm formed near a quasi-stationary frontal boundary and then moved northeast across Beaver County in the Oklahoma Panhandle. Its motion took it away from the boundary and deeper into the cool air. As the storm matured and strengthened, a portion of the boundary to the south of the supercell moved northward and briefly became entrained in the low-level circulation of the storm. This northward advance of the boundary was subsequently followed by a southward motion back to near its original location. High-density spatial and temporal observations from the Oklahoma Mesonet and the Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment (VORTEX) Mobile Mesonetwork are presented to document the northward advance of the boundary into the supercell circulation. C1 [Blanchard, David O.] NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, Flagstaff, AZ USA. RP Blanchard, DO (reprint author), NOAA, Natl Weather Serv, POB 16057, Bellemont, AZ 86015 USA. EM david.o.blanchard@noaa.gov FU National Science Foundation [ATM-9617318, ATM-9120009] FX The author extends his appreciation to the many scientists and students who participated in VORTEX and collected extraordinary datasets; to the joint efforts of NCAR, OU, and NSSL and J. Wurman for the development and deployment of the Doppler on Wheels radar; to J. Straka for his significant efforts in editing the DOW velocity data; and to E. Rasmussen for his scientific vision and support. Portions of this research were supported by National Science Foundation Grants ATM-9617318 and ATM-9120009 while the author was affiliated with the National Severe Storms Laboratory and the Cooperative Institute for Mesoscale Meteorological Studies, University of Oklahoma. NR 33 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 136 IS 12 BP 5199 EP 5210 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2437.1 PG 12 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 394SD UT WOS:000262467000038 ER PT J AU Yang, XS DelSole, T Pan, HL AF Yang, Xiaosong DelSole, Timothy Pan, Hua-Lu TI Empirical Correction of the NCEP Global Forecast System SO MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW LA English DT Article ID MODEL; ERROR; ATMOSPHERE AB This paper examines the extent to which an empirical correction method can improve forecasts of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) operational Global Forecast System. The empirical correction is based on adding a forcing term to the prognostic equations equal to the negative of the climatological tendency errors. The tendency errors are estimated by a least squares method using 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-h forecast errors. Tests on independent verification data show that the empirical correction significantly reduces temperature biases nearly everywhere at all lead times up to at least 5 days but does not significantly reduce biases in forecast winds and humidity. Decomposing mean-square error into bias and random components reveals that the reduction in total mean-square error arises solely from reduction in bias. Interestingly, the empirical correction increases the random error slightly, but this increase is argued to be an artifact of the change in variance in the forecasts. The empirical correction also is found to reduce the bias more than traditional "after the fact" corrections. The latter result might be a consequence of the very different sample sizes available for estimation, but this difference in sample size is unavoidable in operational situations in which limited calibration data are available for a given forecast model. C1 [Yang, Xiaosong; DelSole, Timothy] Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. [Yang, Xiaosong; DelSole, Timothy] George Mason Univ, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA. [Pan, Hua-Lu] NOAA NWS NCEP, Environm Modeling Ctr, Washington, DC USA. RP Yang, XS (reprint author), Ctr Ocean Land Atmosphere Studies, 4041 Powder Mill Rd,Suite 302, Calverton, MD 20705 USA. EM xyang@cola.iges.org RI Yang, Xiaosong/C-7260-2009 OI Yang, Xiaosong/0000-0003-3154-605X FU National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration [NA06OAR4310001] FX This research is supported by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (Grant NA06OAR4310001). We thank Cathy Thiaw and Bert Katz for helping us to obtain the GDAS on sigma coordinates and for running the numerical experiments reported in this paper. We also thank Editor Dr. Thomas Hamill and two anonymous reviewers for thoughtful comments that lead to substantial clarifications. We also thank the Center for Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Studies for providing computational resources required by this project. NR 9 TC 7 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0027-0644 J9 MON WEATHER REV JI Mon. Weather Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 136 IS 12 BP 5224 EP 5233 DI 10.1175/2008MWR2527.1 PG 10 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 394SD UT WOS:000262467000040 ER PT J AU Yang, CG Rait, A Pirollo, KF Dagata, JA Farkas, N Chang, EH AF Yang, Chengli Rait, Antonina Pirollo, Kathleen F. Dagata, John A. Farkas, Natalia Chang, Esther H. TI Nanoimmunoliposome delivery of superparamagnetic iron oxide markedly enhances targeting and uptake in human cancer cells in vitro and in vivo SO NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE LA English DT Article DE Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles; Nanoimmunoliposome; Tumor targeting; Intracellular uptake; Systemic delivery ID P53 GENE-THERAPY; MAGNETITE NANOPARTICLES; CONTRAST AGENTS; LYMPH-NODES; TRANSFERRIN RECEPTOR; SURFACE MODIFICATION; INTRACELLULAR UPTAKE; NANODELIVERY SYSTEM; MAMMARY-CARCINOMA; INTERFERING RNA AB To circumvent the problem of reduction of the supermagnetic properties of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticles after chemical modification to conjugate targeting molecules, we have adapted a tumor-targeting nanoimmunoliposome platform technology (scL) to encapsulate and deliver SPIO (scL-SPIO) in vitro and in vivo without chemical modification. Scanning probe microscopy, confocal microscopy, and Prussian blue staining were used to analyze the scL-SPIO and assess intracellular uptake and distribution of SPIO in vitro. In vivo targeting and tumor-specific uptake of scL-SPIO was examined using fluorescent-labeled SPIO. We demonstrated that SPIO encapsulation in the scL complex results in an approximately 11-fold increase in SPIO uptake in human cancer cells in vitro, with distribution to cytoplasm and nucleus. Moreover, the scL nanocomplex specifically and efficiently delivered SPIO into tumor cells after systemic administration, demonstrating the potential of this approach to enhance local tumor concentration and the utility of SPIO for clinical applications. (c) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. C1 [Yang, Chengli; Rait, Antonina; Pirollo, Kathleen F.; Chang, Esther H.] Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr, Washington, DC 20007 USA. [Dagata, John A.; Farkas, Natalia] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Chang, EH (reprint author), Georgetown Univ, Med Ctr, Dept Oncol, Lombardi Comprehens Canc Ctr TRB E420, Washington, DC 20007 USA. EM change@georgetown.edu FU NCI NIH HHS [5R01CA132012-02, R01 CA132012, R01 CA132012-01, P30 CA051008, 2P30-CA-51008]; NCRR NIH HHS [1 S10 RR 15768-01, C06RR14567, C06 RR014567] NR 52 TC 46 Z9 51 U1 0 U2 10 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 1549-9634 J9 NANOMED-NANOTECHNOL JI Nanomed.-Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 4 IS 4 BP 318 EP 329 DI 10.1016/j.nano.2008.05.004 PG 12 WC Nanoscience & Nanotechnology; Medicine, Research & Experimental SC Science & Technology - Other Topics; Research & Experimental Medicine GA 397NE UT WOS:000262668600007 PM 18676207 ER PT J AU Zhao, J Huang, Q de la Cruz, C Li, SL Lynn, JW Chen, Y Green, MA Chen, GF Li, G Li, Z Luo, JL Wang, NL Dai, PC AF Zhao, Jun Huang, Q. de la Cruz, Clarina Li, Shiliang Lynn, J. W. Chen, Y. Green, M. A. Chen, G. F. Li, G. Li, Z. Luo, J. L. Wang, N. L. Dai, Pengcheng TI Structural and magnetic phase diagram of CeFeAsO(1-x)F(x) and its relation to high-temperature superconductivity SO NATURE MATERIALS LA English DT Article AB Recently, high-transition-temperature (high-T(c)) superconductivity was discovered in the iron pnictide RFeAsO(1-x)F(x) (R, rare-earth metal) family of materials. We use neutron scattering to study the structural and magnetic phase transitions in CeFeAsO(1-x)F(x) as the system is tuned from a semimetal to a high-T(c) superconductor through fluorine (F) doping, x. In the undoped state, CeFeAsO develops a structural lattice distortion followed by a collinear antiferromagnetic order with decreasing temperature. With increasing fluorine doping, the structural phase transition decreases gradually and vanishes within the superconductivity dome near x D 0 : 10, whereas the antiferromagnetic order is suppressed before the appearance of superconductivity for x > 0.06, resulting in an electronic phase diagram remarkably similar to that of the high-T(c) copper oxides. Comparison of the structural evolution of CeFeAsO(1-x)F(x) with other Fe-based superconductors suggests that the structural perfection of the Fe-As tetrahedron is important for the high-T(c) superconductivity in these Fe pnictides. C1 [Zhao, Jun; de la Cruz, Clarina; Li, Shiliang; Dai, Pengcheng] Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. [Huang, Q.; Lynn, J. W.; Chen, Y.; Green, M. A.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [de la Cruz, Clarina; Dai, Pengcheng] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Chen, Y.; Green, M. A.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Chen, G. F.; Li, G.; Li, Z.; Luo, J. L.; Wang, N. L.] Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Beijing Natl Lab Condensed Matter Phys, Beijing 100080, Peoples R China. RP Dai, PC (reprint author), Univ Tennessee, Dept Phys & Astron, Knoxville, TN 37996 USA. EM daip@ornl.gov RI Li, Shiliang/B-9379-2009; Zhao, Jun/A-2492-2010; Dai, Pengcheng /C-9171-2012; li, zheng/F-5189-2012; dela Cruz, Clarina/C-2747-2013; Li, Gang/E-3033-2015 OI Zhao, Jun/0000-0002-0421-8934; Dai, Pengcheng /0000-0002-6088-3170; dela Cruz, Clarina/0000-0003-4233-2145; FU US National Science Foundation [DMR-0756568]; US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, Basic Energy Sciences [DOE DE-FG02-05ER46202]; US Department of Energy, Division of Scientific User Facilities, Basic Energy Sciences; National Science Foundation of China; Chinese Academy of Sciences ITSNEM; Ministry of Science and Technology of China FX We thank E. Dagotto, A. Moreo, R. Fishman and T. Maier for helpful discussions. We also thank J.L.Zarestky for his help on the HB-3 measurements. This work is supported by the US National Science Foundation through DMR-0756568 and by the US Department of Energy, Division of Materials Science, Basic Energy Sciences, through DOE DE-FG02-05ER46202. This work is also supported in part by the US Department of Energy, Division of Scientific User Facilities, Basic Energy Sciences. The work at the Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is supported by the National Science Foundation of China, the Chinese Academy of Sciences ITSNEM and the Ministry of Science and Technology of China. NR 44 TC 562 Z9 566 U1 14 U2 151 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1476-1122 J9 NAT MATER JI Nat. Mater. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 7 IS 12 BP 953 EP 959 DI 10.1038/nmat2315 PG 7 WC Chemistry, Physical; Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Chemistry; Materials Science; Physics GA 375PZ UT WOS:000261127100016 PM 18953342 ER PT J AU Oates, C AF Oates, Chris TI OPTICAL LATTICE CLOCKS Keeping time in three dimensions SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT News Item ID FREQUENCY C1 Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. RP Oates, C (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM oates@boulder.nist.gov NR 10 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 1 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 4 IS 12 BP 910 EP 911 DI 10.1038/nphys1146 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 379GZ UT WOS:000261386000008 ER PT J AU Castellanos-Beltran, MA Irwin, KD Hilton, GC Vale, LR Lehnert, KW AF Castellanos-Beltran, M. A. Irwin, K. D. Hilton, G. C. Vale, L. R. Lehnert, K. W. TI Amplification and squeezing of quantum noise with a tunable Josephson metamaterial SO NATURE PHYSICS LA English DT Article ID PARAMETRIC-AMPLIFIER; CIRCUIT AB It has recently become possible to encode the quantum state of superconducting qubits and the position of nanomechanical oscillators into the states of microwave fields(1,2). However, to make an ideal measurement of the state of a qubit, or to detect the position of a mechanical oscillator with quantum-limited sensitivity, requires an amplifier that adds no noise. If an amplifier adds less than half a quantum of noise, it can also squeeze the quantum noise of the electromagnetic vacuum. Highly squeezed states of the vacuum can be used to generate entanglement or to realize back-action-evading measurements of position(3,4). Here we introduce a general-purpose parametric device, which operates in a frequency band between 4 and 8 GHz. It adds less than half a noise quantum, it amplifies quantum noise above the added noise of commercial amplifiers and it squeezes quantum fluctuations by 10 dB. C1 [Castellanos-Beltran, M. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Castellanos-Beltran, M. A.; Lehnert, K. W.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Castellanos-Beltran, MA (reprint author), Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM castellm@colorado.edu RI Lehnert, Konrad/B-7577-2009 OI Lehnert, Konrad/0000-0002-0750-9649 FU National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST); National Science Foundation; NIST-University of Colorado seed grant FX The authors acknowledge funding from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), from the National Science Foundation and from a NIST-University of Colorado seed grant. We thank S. M. Girvin, J.D. Teufel, C. A. Regal, N.E. Flowers-Jacobs, J.K. Thompson and M. Holland for conversations and technical assistance. K. W. L. is a member of NIST's Quantum Physics Division. NR 24 TC 236 Z9 237 U1 10 U2 59 PU NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP PI LONDON PA MACMILLAN BUILDING, 4 CRINAN ST, LONDON N1 9XW, ENGLAND SN 1745-2473 EI 1745-2481 J9 NAT PHYS JI Nat. Phys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 4 IS 12 BP 929 EP 931 DI 10.1038/nphys1090 PG 3 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 379GZ UT WOS:000261386000013 ER PT J AU McBride, RS Holder, JC AF McBride, Richard S. Holder, Jay C. TI A Review and Updated Assessment of Florida's Anadromous Shads: American Shad and Hickory Shad SO NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF FISHERIES MANAGEMENT LA English DT Article ID ST-JOHNS RIVER; MIXED-STOCK ANALYSIS; ALOSA-SAPIDISSIMA; LIFE-HISTORY; FISH; TEMPERATURE; MIGRATIONS; TRENDS AB This paper reviews the history of fishing, regulations, and stock assessments for Florida's anadromous shad species-American shad Alosa sapidissima and hickory shad A. mediocris-and assesses their Status in Florida's St. Johns River based oil a creel survey and ail electrofishing survey. Historically, these anadromous shads constituted an important fishery in Florida. Landings were first reported in the 1860s, and scientific assessments occurred in the 1950s, 1960s, and early 1970s. Netting restrictions effectively ended the commercial fishery in the 1990s. We used recreational catch rates as a proxy for stock size and found it to be low but stable during 1993-2005. The mean length of American shad was significantly less during 2002-2005 than it was historically (1958), and the recent proportions of female American and hickory shad were significantly lower than the historical proportions,. These data were interpreted as demonstrating a negative, but perhaps only an historical, effect of fishing. The rebuilding of Florida's anadromous shad stocks via fishing regulations was not evident; this may require more time, or perhaps factors other than fishing are interfering with the rebuilding process. C1 [McBride, Richard S.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, St Petersburg, FL 33701 USA. [Holder, Jay C.] Florida Fish & Wildlife Conservat Commiss, Deleon Springs, FL 32130 USA. RP McBride, RS (reprint author), Natl Marine Fisheries Serv, NE Fisheries Sci Ctr, 166 Water St, Woods Hole, MA 02543 USA. EM richard.mcbride@noaa.gov RI McBride, Richard/C-2818-2012 FU U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service [F-106]; State of Florida's Marine Research Conservation Trust Fund; Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission; St. Johns River Water Management District [SG346AA] FX This research was a collaborative effort between the Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) laboratories at St. Petersburg and DeLeon Springs. Many other individuals from the FWC assisted with this special team project; in particular, we thank G. Chandler, B. Coleman, F. Cross, R. Davis, B. Eisenhauer, M. Guy, J. Harris, R. Hyle, J. Jenkins, P. Korpas, E. Lundy, K. Maki, G. Nelson, C. Paxton, A. Richardson, D. Van Genechten, S. Whitaker, and J. Wren. We also thank A. Ross (University of Tarnpa) for assistance, and L. Connor for providing user-friendly software for estimating angling success. C. Mundy (St. Johns River Water Management District), R. Collaro, and K. O'Keife helped produce Figure I and determine the river distances. N. Trippel and R. Hyle provided helpful reviews of an earlier draft. The primary source of funds for this research was the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Aid in Sport Fish Restoration project F-106). Other funding came from the State of Florida's Marine Research Conservation Trust Fund, the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, and the St. Johns River Water Management District (contract SG346AA). We thank all of them. NR 67 TC 5 Z9 6 U1 1 U2 9 PU AMER FISHERIES SOC PI BETHESDA PA 5410 GROSVENOR LANE SUITE 110, BETHESDA, MD 20814-2199 USA SN 0275-5947 J9 N AM J FISH MANAGE JI North Am. J. Fish Manage. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 28 IS 6 BP 1668 EP 1686 DI 10.1577/M07-066.1 PG 19 WC Fisheries SC Fisheries GA 477FS UT WOS:000268504700002 ER PT J AU Carlson, AD Badikov, SA Chen, ZP Gai, E Hale, GM Hambsch, FJ Hoffman, HM Kawano, T Larson, NM Oli, SY Pronyaev, VG Smith, DL Tagesen, S Vonach, H AF Carlson, A. D. Badikov, S. A. Chen Zhenpeng Gai, E. Hale, G. M. Hambsch, F. -J. Hoffman, H. M. Kawano, T. Larson, N. M. Oli, S. Y. Pronyaev, V. G. Smith, D. L. Tagesen, S. Vonach, H. TI Covariances Obtained from an Evaluation of the Neutron Cross Section Standards SO NUCLEAR DATA SHEETS LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Workshop on Neutron Cross Section Convariances CY JUN 24-28, 2008 CL Long Isl, NY AB New measurements and all improved evaluation process were used to obtain a new evaluation of the neutron Cross section standards. Efforts were made to include as much information as possible on the components of the data uncertainties that were then used to obtain the covariance matrices for the experimental data. Evaluations were produced from this process for the (6)Li(n,t), (10)B(n,alpha), (10)B(n,alpha(1)gamma), (197)Au(n,gamma), (235)U (n, f), and (238)U(n,f) standard cross sections as well as the non-standard (6)Li(n,n), (10)B(n,n), (238)U(n,gamma) and (239)U(n,f) cross sections. There is a general increase in the cross sections for most of the new evaluations, by as much as about 5%, compared with the ENDF/B-VI results. Covariance data were obtained for the (6)Li(n,t), (6)Li(n,n), (10)B(n,alpha), (10)B(n,alpha(1)gamma), (10)B(n,n), (197)Au(n,gamma), (235)U(n,f), (238)U(n,f), (238)U(n,gamma) and (239)Pu(n,f) reactions. Also an independent R-Matrix evaluation was produced for the H(n,n) standard cross-section, however, covariance data axe riot available for this reaction. The evaluations were used in the new ENDF/B-VII library. C1 [Carlson, A. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Badikov, S. A.] Cent Res Inst Management Econ & Informat, Moscow, Russia. [Chen Zhenpeng] Tsinghua Univ, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China. [Gai, E.; Pronyaev, V. G.] Inst Phys & Power Engn, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, Russia. [Hale, G. M.; Kawano, T.] Los Alamos Natl Lab, Los Alamos, NM USA. [Hambsch, F. -J.] Inst Reference Mat & Measurements, Geel, Belgium. [Hoffman, H. M.] Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Erlangen, Germany. [Larson, N. M.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Oak Ridge, TN USA. [Oli, S. Y.] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Taejon, South Korea. [Smith, D. L.] Argonne Natl Lab, Argonne, IL 60439 USA. [Tagesen, S.; Vonach, H.] Univ Vienna, Vienna, Austria. RP Carlson, AD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM carlson@nist.gov NR 15 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 2 U2 6 PU ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE PI SAN DIEGO PA 525 B ST, STE 1900, SAN DIEGO, CA 92101-4495 USA SN 0090-3752 J9 NUCL DATA SHEETS JI Nucl. Data Sheets PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 12 BP 2834 EP 2839 DI 10.1016/j.nds.2008.11.019 PG 6 WC Physics, Nuclear SC Physics GA 386YL UT WOS:000261918400020 ER PT J AU Eadie, BJ Robbins, JA Klurnp, JV Schwab, DJ Edgington, DN AF Eadie, Brian J. Robbins, John A. Klurnp, J. Val Schwab, David J. Edgington, David N. TI WINTER-SPRING STORMS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SEDIMENT RESUSPENSION, TRANSPORT, AND ACCUMULATION PATTERNS IN SOUTHERN LAKE MICHIGAN SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID GREAT-LAKES; DYNAMICS; FLUXES; EVENT; MODEL; TRAP; CLIMATOLOGY; PB-210; CS-137; BASIN AB The Episodic Events-Great Lakes Experiment was designed to quantify the impacts of major late winter-early spring storms on sediment-water exchange, sediment, and associated constituent transport and resultant influence on well-characterized sediment distributions in southern Lake Michigan. Prior to this project, only very sparse data were available during the late winter-earl), spring period for and of the Great Lakes, primarily because of strong storms and ice conditions. The observation strategy consisted of moored arrays of current meters, thermistors, and sequencing traps, along with shipboard surveys. In addition, process measurement cruises were conducted along with special cruises for sediment-water interface sampling Using a remotely operated vehicle, particle transformation measurements, and sediment collection. A summary of conclusions include: (1) particles, predominantly from the western shore of the lake, are resuspended and transported in a coastal band toward the major sediment depositional region in the southeastern portion of the lake, (2) transport rates, measured by Th-234, are on the order of kilometers per day, (3) the magnitude Of resuspended sediments from a single major storm is 1-5 x 10(6) kg, larger than annual external input of fine-grained materials to the southern basin, (4) resuspension surrogates based on 50 years of wave data show an interannual variability in major storm events that ranges over an order of magnitude, and (5) trap and e evidence indicates that the events appear to be primarily responsible for the complicated sediment accumulation patterns in the southern basin of Lake Michigan. C1 [Eadie, Brian J.; Robbins, John A.; Schwab, David J.] NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. [Klurnp, J. Val; Edgington, David N.] Univ Wisconsin, Great Lakes WATER Inst, Milwaukee, WI 53201 USA. RP Eadie, BJ (reprint author), NOAA, Great Lakes Environm Res Lab, 2205 Commonwealth Blvd, Ann Arbor, MI 48105 USA. EM Brian.Eadie@noaa.gov RI Schwab, David/B-7498-2012 NR 49 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 11 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2008 VL 21 IS 4 BP 118 EP 135 PG 18 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 383UL UT WOS:000261699100023 ER PT J AU Sansone, FJ Pawlak, G Stanton, TP McManus, MA Glazer, BT Decarlo, EH Bandet, M Sevadjian, J Stierhoff, K Colgrove, C Hebert, AB Chen, IC AF Sansone, Francis J. Pawlak, Geno Stanton, Timothy P. McManus, Margaret A. Glazer, Brian T. Decarlo, Eric H. Bandet, Marion Sevadjian, Jeffrey Stierhoff, Kevin Colgrove, Christopher Hebert, Andrew B. Chen, In Chieh TI Kilo Nalu PHYSICAL/BIOGEOCHEMICAL DYNAMICS ABOVE AND WITHIN PERMEABLE SEDIMENTS SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article ID SANDS; REEF C1 [Sansone, Francis J.; McManus, Margaret A.; Glazer, Brian T.; Decarlo, Eric H.; Sevadjian, Jeffrey] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Stanton, Timothy P.] USN, Postgrad Sch, Dept Oceanog, Monterey, CA 93943 USA. [Stierhoff, Kevin] NOAA, SW Fisheries Sci Ctr, La Jolla, CA USA. [Colgrove, Christopher] Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Global Environm Sci Program, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. [Hebert, Andrew B.] Cedar Bluff Middle Sch, Knoxville, TN USA. RP Sansone, FJ (reprint author), Univ Hawaii, Sch Ocean & Earth Sci & Technol, Dept Oceanog, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA. EM sansone@hawaii.edu RI Glazer, Brian/C-2248-2011; Sansone, Francis/B-9915-2013; Pawlak, Geno/F-9984-2014; Stierhoff, Kevin/A-7624-2013 OI Pawlak, Geno/0000-0003-3718-1880; Stierhoff, Kevin/0000-0002-3058-0312 NR 11 TC 14 Z9 14 U1 0 U2 6 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2008 VL 21 IS 4 BP 173 EP 178 PG 6 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 383UL UT WOS:000261699100031 ER PT J AU Ezer, T Hobbs, R Oey, LY AF Ezer, Tal Hobbs, Roderick Oey, Lie-Yauw TI ON THE Movement OF Beluga Whales IN COOK INLET, ALASKA: Simulations of Tidal and Environmental Impacts Using a Hydrodynamic Inundation Model SO OCEANOGRAPHY LA English DT Article AB The population of beluga whales in Cook Inlet, Alaska, is in decline, and since 2000 these whales have been under consideration for designation as "endangered" under the Endangered species Act (and were placed on the list in October 2008, just before this article went to press). In order to study environmental and hydrodynamic impacts on the belugas' movements and survival in the unique habitat of the inlet, a three-dimensional ocean circulation and inundation model is combined with satellite-tracked beluga whale data. Model-wale data comparisons from two whale paths during a five-day period (september 17-21, 2000) covering 10 tidal cycles suggest that daily movements of belugas in the upper Cook Inlet follow propagation of the tides. Both whales took advantage of the twice-daily flood of mudflats by the very large tides (8-10 m range) to swim toward river mouths in shallow regions that are inaccessible during low tide. A significant correlation was found between whale locations and the model sea level. In the Knik Arm, north of Anchorage, ebbing and flooring rates are predictable, and the tracked whale followed the water velocity in direction and speed. However, in the Turnagain Arm, south of Anchorage, where a large change in topography along the arm causes nonlinear flooding and ebbing (including strong tidal bore currents with speeds up to 5 m s(-1)), the movement of the tracked whale was correlated only with the water level, not with the currents. The encouraging results from this study demonstrate the usefulness of the numerical model to help understand the belugas' behavior and will be followed by a more detailed study using a large tracking data set and longer simulations. Such a study will help to evaluate potential impacts of future changes such as shoreline development, which may change flood regions and the belugas' accessibility to their feeding areas. C1 [Ezer, Tal] Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. [Ezer, Tal] Old Dominion Univ, Virginia Modeling Anal & Simulat Ctr, Norfolk, VA USA. [Hobbs, Roderick] NOAA Fisheries, Alaska Fisheries Sci Ctr, Natl Marine Mammal Lab, Seattle, WA USA. [Oey, Lie-Yauw] Princeton Univ, Program Atmospher & Ocean Sci, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA. RP Ezer, T (reprint author), Old Dominion Univ, Ctr Coastal Phys Oceanog, Norfolk, VA 23529 USA. EM tezer@odu.edu OI Ezer, Tal/0000-0002-2018-6071 FU NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service FX The study described is supported by NOAA's National Marine Fisheries Service. Whale capture and tagging NR 9 TC 13 Z9 14 U1 1 U2 14 PU OCEANOGRAPHY SOC PI ROCKVILLE PA P.O. BOX 1931, ROCKVILLE, MD USA SN 1042-8275 J9 OCEANOGRAPHY JI Oceanography PD DEC PY 2008 VL 21 IS 4 BP 186 EP 195 PG 10 WC Oceanography SC Oceanography GA 383UL UT WOS:000261699100033 ER PT J AU Linsky, JL Herczeg, G Wood, BE AF Linsky, J. L. Herczeg, G. Wood, B. E. TI Reverse engineering a spectrum: using fluorescent spectra of molecular hydrogen to recreate the missing Lyman-alpha line of pre-main sequence stars SO PHYSICA SCRIPTA LA English DT Article; Proceedings Paper CT Symposium on A Steller Journey held in Honor of Bengt Gustafsson CY JUN 23-27, 2008 CL Uppsala, SWEDEN ID H-2 FLUORESCENCE; TW-HYDRAE AB The hydrogen Lyman-alpha (Ly alpha) line, a major source of ionization of metals in the circumstellar disks of pre-main sequence (PMS) stars, is usually not observed due to absorption by interstellar and circumstellar hydrogen. We have developed a technique to reconstruct the intrinsic Ly alpha line using the observed emission in the H(2) B-X lines that are fluoresced by Ly alpha. We describe this technique and the subsequent analysis of the ultraviolet (UV) spectra of the TW Hya, RU Lupi and other PMS stars. We find that the reconstructed Ly alpha lines are indeed far brighter than any other feature in the UV spectra of these stars and therefore play an important role in the ionization and heating of the outer layers of circumstellar disks. C1 [Linsky, J. L.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Linsky, J. L.] NIST, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Herczeg, G.] CALTECH, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA. [Wood, B. E.] USN, Res Lab, Div Space Sci, Washington, DC 20375 USA. RP Linsky, JL (reprint author), Univ Colorado, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. EM jlinsky@jila.colorado.edu NR 7 TC 0 Z9 0 U1 0 U2 0 PU IOP PUBLISHING LTD PI BRISTOL PA DIRAC HOUSE, TEMPLE BACK, BRISTOL BS1 6BE, ENGLAND SN 0031-8949 J9 PHYS SCRIPTA JI Phys. Scr. PD DEC PY 2008 VL T133 AR 014018 DI 10.1088/0031-8949/2008/T133/014018 PG 5 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 396HV UT WOS:000262583700020 ER PT J AU Bortolotti, DCE Avdeenkov, AV Bohn, JL AF Bortolotti, D. C. E. Avdeenkov, A. V. Bohn, J. L. TI Generalized mean-field approach to a resonant Bose-Fermi mixture SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE binding energy; boson systems; fermion systems; resonant states ID FESHBACH RESONANCE; GAS AB We formulate a generalized mean-field theory of a mixture of fermionic and bosonic atoms, in which the fermion-boson interaction can be controlled by a Feshbach resonance. The theory correctly accounts for molecular binding energies of the molecules in the two-body limit, in contrast to the most straightforward mean-field theory. Using this theory, we discuss the equilibrium properties of fermionic molecules created from atom pairs in the gas. We also address the formation of molecules when the magnetic field is ramped across the resonance, and we present a simple Landau-Zener result for this process. C1 [Bortolotti, D. C. E.; Bohn, J. L.] Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bortolotti, D. C. E.; Bohn, J. L.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Bortolotti, D. C. E.] Quantitat & Modelling Syst Team, London EC4P 4WR, England. [Avdeenkov, A. V.] Moscow MV Lomonosov State Univ, Inst Nucl Phys, Moscow 119992, Russia. RP Bortolotti, DCE (reprint author), Univ Colorado, NIST, Joint Inst Lab Astrophys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. FU DOE; Keck Foundation FX D.C.E.B. and J.L.B. acknowledge support from the DOE and the Keck Foundation. NR 61 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 3 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063612 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.063612 PN B PG 13 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391OV UT WOS:000262243500038 ER PT J AU Bridges, JM Wiese, WL AF Bridges, J. M. Wiese, W. L. TI Experimental transition probabilities for infrared lines of Cl I SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article ID FINE-STRUCTURE LEVELS; OSCILLATOR-STRENGTHS; NEUTRAL CHLORINE; ENERGY-LEVELS; LIFETIMES; NITROGEN AB We operated a high-current, wall-stabilized arc in a gaseous mixture containing chlorine and observed 4s-4p, 4p-4d, and 4p-5d transitions in the red and near infrared spectrum. We measured their relative transition probabilities end-on and put them on an absolute scale with a lifetime value obtained from the literature. We achieved good agreement with recent sophisticated calculations and an earlier measurement for the stronger transitions, but encountered large differences for weak transitions. C1 [Bridges, J. M.; Wiese, W. L.] NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Bridges, JM (reprint author), NIST, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. NR 13 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 062508 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.062508 PG 5 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391OK UT WOS:000262242400088 ER PT J AU Ramos, ERF Henn, EAL Seman, JA Caracanhas, MA Magalhaes, KMF Helmerson, K Yukalov, VI Bagnato, VS AF Ramos, E. R. F. Henn, E. A. L. Seman, J. A. Caracanhas, M. A. Magalhaes, K. M. F. Helmerson, K. Yukalov, V. I. Bagnato, V. S. TI Generation of nonground-state Bose-Einstein condensates by modulating atomic interactions SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE atomic collisions; atomic moments; Bose-Einstein condensation; excited states ID FESHBACH RESONANCES; TRAPPED ATOMS; DYNAMICS; GAS; ANALOG; MODES AB A technique is proposed for creating nonground-state Bose-Einstein condensates in a trapping potential by means of the temporal modulation of atomic interactions. Applying a time-dependent spatially homogeneous magnetic field modifies the atomic scattering length. A modulation of the scattering length excites the condensate, which, under special conditions, can be transferred to an excited nonlinear coherent mode. It is shown that a phase-transition-like behavior occurs in the time-averaged population imbalance between the ground and excited states. The application of the technique is analyzed and it is shown that the considered effect can be realized for experimentally available condensates. C1 [Ramos, E. R. F.; Henn, E. A. L.; Seman, J. A.; Caracanhas, M. A.; Magalhaes, K. M. F.; Bagnato, V. S.] Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. [Helmerson, K.] Univ Maryland, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yukalov, V. I.] Joint Inst Nucl Res, Bogolubov Lab Theoret Phys, Dubna 141980, Russia. [Helmerson, K.] NIST, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Ramos, ERF (reprint author), Univ Sao Paulo, Inst Fis Sao Carlos, Caixa Postal 369, BR-13560970 Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil. EM edmir@ursa.ifsc.usp.br RI Bagnato, Vanderlei/C-3133-2012; Henn, Emanuel/A-4651-2008; Helmerson, Kristian/E-3683-2013; Henn, Emanuel/H-9447-2013; Sao Carlos Institute of Physics, IFSC/USP/M-2664-2016 FU CAPES; CNPq; FAPESP FX The authors thank R. G. Hulet and G. Roati for providing experimental data on Feshbach resonances, and L. Tomio for fruitful suggestions. This work was supported by CAPES, CNPq, and FAPESP. NR 35 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 0 U2 0 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 063412 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.063412 PG 6 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391OV UT WOS:000262243500014 ER PT J AU Sheng, D Galvan, AP Orozco, LA AF Sheng, D. Galvan, A. Perez Orozco, L. A. TI Lifetime measurements of the 5d states of rubidium SO PHYSICAL REVIEW A LA English DT Article DE atom-photon collisions; excited states; fluorescence; magneto-optical effects; photon counting; radiation pressure; rubidium ID ALKALI-METAL; CESIUM; ATOMS; LASER; ION AB We present lifetime measurements of the 5D(3/2) and 5D(5/2) states of rubidium using the time-correlated single-photon-counting method. We perform the experiment in a magneto-optical trap of (87)Rb atoms using a two-step excitation with the trap laser at 780 nm as the first step. We record the 761.9 nm fluorescence from the decay of the 5D(3/2) state to the 5P(1/2) state, and measure the lifetime of the 5D(3/2) state tau=246.3(1.6) ns. We record the 420.2 nm fluorescence from the cascade decay of the 5D(5/2) state to the 5S(1/2) state through the 6P(3/2) state, and extract the lifetime of the 5D(5/2) state tau=238.5(2.3) ns. C1 [Sheng, D.] Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. NIST, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Sheng, D (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Phys, Joint Quantum Inst, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RI Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/UMD/H-4494-2011; Sheng, Dong/J-6640-2014 FU NSF FX This work is supported by the NSF. We thank C. Monroe and S. Rolston for support with equipment, and M. S. Safronova for helpful discussions. NR 31 TC 24 Z9 24 U1 0 U2 7 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1050-2947 J9 PHYS REV A JI Phys. Rev. A PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 6 AR 062506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevA.78.062506 PG 8 WC Optics; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Optics; Physics GA 391OK UT WOS:000262242400086 ER PT J AU Chen, Y Ueland, BG Lynn, JW Bychkov, GL Barilo, SN Mukovskii, YM AF Chen, Y. Ueland, B. G. Lynn, J. W. Bychkov, G. L. Barilo, S. N. Mukovskii, Y. M. TI Polaron formation in the optimally doped ferromagnetic manganites La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and La0.7Ba0.3MnO3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE barium compounds; colossal magnetoresistance; ferromagnetic materials; ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transitions; lanthanum compounds; magnetic polarons; neutron diffraction; strontium compounds ID MAGNETORESISTIVE OXIDE LA0.7CA0.3MNO3; DOUBLE-EXCHANGE; LA1-XSRXMNO3; TRANSITION AB The nature of the polarons in the optimally doped colossal magnetoresistive materials La0.7Ba0.3MnO3 (LBMO) and La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) is studied by elastic and inelastic neutron scattering. In both materials, dynamic nanoscale polaron correlations develop abruptly in the ferromagnetic state. However, the polarons are not able to lock-in to the lattice and order, in contrast to the behavior of La0.7Ca0.3MnO3. Therefore ferromagnetic order in LBMO and LSMO survives their formation, explaining the conventional second-order nature of the ferromagnetic-paramagnetic transition. Nevertheless, the results demonstrate that the fundamental mechanism of polaron formation is a universal feature of these ferromagnetic perovskite manganites. C1 [Chen, Y.; Ueland, B. G.; Lynn, J. W.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chen, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Bychkov, G. L.; Barilo, S. N.] Byelarussian Acad Sci, Inst Solid State & Semicond Phys, Minsk 220072, Byelarus. [Mukovskii, Y. M.] Moscow State Steel & Alloys Inst, Moscow 119049, Russia. RP Chen, Y (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Ueland, Benjamin/B-2312-2008; Svetlana, Ahmetzhanova/H-3797-2012 OI Ueland, Benjamin/0000-0001-9784-6595; FU BRFFI [F-08R-177] FX We thank Elbio Dagotto, Dimitri Argyriou, and Adriana Moreo for stimulating discussions. Work in Belarus was supported in part by BRFFI under Grant No. F-08R-177. NR 25 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 2 U2 10 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 212301 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.212301 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400003 ER PT J AU Heuser, BJ Udovic, TJ Ju, H AF Heuser, Brent J. Udovic, T. J. Ju, Hyunsu TI Vibrational density of states measurement of hydrogen trapped at dislocations in deformed PdH0.0008 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE dislocations; impurity-dislocation interactions; localised modes; neutron diffraction; palladium compounds; phonon-impurity interactions; polymorphic transformations; solid solutions; vibrational states ID INELASTIC-NEUTRON-SCATTERING; SINGLE-CRYSTAL; LATTICE-DYNAMICS; PALLADIUM; DEUTERIUM; PD; IMPURITIES; SPECTRA; PDD0.63; MODES AB The vibrational density of states (DOS) of hydrogen trapped at dislocations in deformed PdH0.0008 has been measured at 4 and 295 K with incoherent inelastic neutron scattering. The vibrational DOS at 4 K exhibits features characteristic of the low-temperature beta-Pd hydride phase while the characteristic peak in the 295 K DOS corresponds to the solid-solution alpha-Pd phase. This is evidence of a alpha ->beta transition at low temperature within the distorted environment of dislocations. C1 [Heuser, Brent J.; Ju, Hyunsu] Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. [Udovic, T. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Heuser, BJ (reprint author), Univ Illinois, Dept Nucl Plasma & Radiol Engn, Urbana, IL 61801 USA. FU NSF [DMR-0804810] FX This work was supported by the NSF under Grant No. DMR-0804810. In addition, the authors are grateful to J. Rush (NIST) for useful discussions regarding the INS data. NR 23 TC 8 Z9 8 U1 1 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214101 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214101 PG 5 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400024 ER PT J AU Hong, T Garlea, VO Zheludev, A Fernandez-Baca, JA Manaka, H Chang, S Leao, JB Poulton, SJ AF Hong, Tao Garlea, V. O. Zheludev, A. Fernandez-Baca, J. A. Manaka, H. Chang, S. Leao, J. B. Poulton, S. J. TI Effect of pressure on the quantum spin ladder material IPA-CuCl3 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE high-pressure solid-state phase transformations; magnetic fluids; magnetic susceptibility; magnetic transitions; neutron diffraction ID BOSE-EINSTEIN CONDENSATION; NEUTRON-SCATTERING; HEISENBERG-CHAINS; TLCUCL3; (CH3)(2)CHNH3CUCL3; GAP AB Inelastic-neutron-scattering and bulk magnetic-susceptibility studies of the quantum S=1/2 spin ladder system (CH3)(2)CHNH3CuCl3 are performed under hydrostatic pressure. The pressure dependence of the spin gap Delta is determined. At P=1500 MPa it is reduced to Delta=0.79 meV from Delta=1.17 meV at ambient pressure. The results allow us to predict a soft-mode quantum phase transition in this system at P-c similar to 4 GPa. The measurements are complicated by the proximity of a structural phase transition that leads to a deterioration of the sample. C1 [Hong, Tao; Garlea, V. O.; Zheludev, A.; Fernandez-Baca, J. A.] Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. [Manaka, H.] Kagoshima Univ, Grad Sch Sci & Engn, Kagoshima 8900065, Japan. [Chang, S.; Leao, J. B.; Poulton, S. J.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Poulton, S. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Hong, T (reprint author), Oak Ridge Natl Lab, Neutron Scattering Sci Div, POB 2008, Oak Ridge, TN 37831 USA. RI Hong, Tao/F-8166-2010; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/C-3984-2014; Garlea, Vasile/A-4994-2016 OI Hong, Tao/0000-0002-0161-8588; Fernandez-Baca, Jaime/0000-0001-9080-5096; Garlea, Vasile/0000-0002-5322-7271 FU Division of Scientific User Facilities; Office of Basic Energy Sciences; U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725]; National Science Foundation [DMR-9986442, DMR-0086210, DMR-0454672] FX Research at ORNL was funded the Division of Scientific User Facilities, Office of Basic Energy Sciences, U. S. Department of Energy, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with UT-Battelle, LLC. The work at NIST was supported by the National Science Foundation under Agreements No. DMR-9986442, No. DMR-0086210, and No. DMR-0454672. NR 23 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 224409 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.224409 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200056 ER PT J AU Kilburn, D Sokol, PE Brown, CM AF Kilburn, Duncan Sokol, Paul E. Brown, Craig M. TI Inelastic neutron scattering from confined molecular oxygen SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE crystal structure; heat of transformation; magnetic moments; mixing; neutron diffraction; oxygen; solid-state phase transformations ID SOLID OXYGEN; MAGNETIC-STRUCTURE; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; CONDENSED OXYGEN; POROUS-GLASS; DYNAMICS; LIQUIDS; ADSORPTION; GRAPHITE; SILICA AB Inelastic neutron-scattering measurements were carried out on condensed bulk and confined molecular oxygen. The phase transitions of the oxygen confined in cylindrical pores with diameter of approximate to 94 A are suppressed below their bulk temperatures or in the case of the lowest-temperature transition to the alpha phase are suppressed entirely. This last observation is possibly due to the low latent heat of transition for this transition. Both elastic and inelastic neutron-scattering data indicate a mixing of oxygen crystal phases upon confinement. Magnetic ordering fluctuations in the beta phase are found to have similar energy-dependent profiles for confined and bulk excitations showing that the magnetic correlation function decay is unaffected by the finite crystal size in confinement. C1 [Kilburn, Duncan; Sokol, Paul E.] Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. [Brown, Craig M.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Kilburn, D (reprint author), Indiana Univ, Cyclotron Facil, 2401 Milo B Sampson Lane, Bloomington, IN 47404 USA. RI Brown, Craig/B-5430-2009 OI Brown, Craig/0000-0002-9637-9355 FU Department of Commerce [70NANB5H1163]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX This work was supported under Department of Commerce Grant No. 70NANB5H1163 and utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. The porous glasses were prepared by B. Newalkar and S. Komarneni of the Materials Research Laboratory, Pennsylvania State University. NR 37 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 214304 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.214304 PG 9 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400045 ER PT J AU Kim, JH Lee, SH Park, SI Kenzelmann, M Harris, AB Schefer, J Chung, JH Majkrzak, CF Takeda, M Wakimoto, S Park, SY Cheong, SW Matsuda, M Kimura, H Noda, Y Kakurai, K AF Kim, J. -H. Lee, S. -H. Park, S. I. Kenzelmann, M. Harris, A. B. Schefer, J. Chung, J. -H. Majkrzak, C. F. Takeda, M. Wakimoto, S. Park, S. Y. Cheong, S-W. Matsuda, M. Kimura, H. Noda, Y. Kakurai, K. TI Spiral spin structures and origin of the magnetoelectric coupling in YMn2O5 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE ferroelectric materials; ferroelectric transitions; ferromagnetic materials; magnetoelectric effects; magnetostriction; multiferroics; neutron diffraction; yttrium compounds ID FERROELECTRIC POLARIZATION; NEUTRON-DIFFRACTION; PHASE-TRANSITIONS; MULTIFERROICS; REVERSAL; ERMN2O5 AB By combining neutron four-circle diffraction and polarized neutron-diffraction techniques we have determined the complex spin structures of a multiferroic YMn2O5 that exhibits two ferroelectric phases at low temperatures. The obtained magnetic structure has spiral components in both the low-temperature ferroelectric phases that are magnetically commensurate and incommensurate, respectively. Among proposed microscopic theories for the magnetoelectric coupling, our results are consistent with both the spin-current mechanism and the magnetostriction mechanism. Our results also explain why the electric polarization changes at the low-temperature commensurate-to-incommensurate phase transition. C1 [Kim, J. -H.; Lee, S. -H.] Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. [Park, S. I.] Korea Atom Energy Res Inst, Div Neutron Sci, Taejon 305303, South Korea. [Kenzelmann, M.; Schefer, J.] Swiss Fed Inst Technol, Neutron Scattering Lab, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. [Harris, A. B.] Univ Penn, Dept Phys & Astron, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA. [Chung, J. -H.] Korea Univ, Dept Phys, Seoul 136713, South Korea. [Majkrzak, C. F.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, NIST Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Takeda, M.; Wakimoto, S.; Matsuda, M.; Kakurai, K.] Japan Atom Energy Agcy, Quantum Beam Sci Directorate, Tokai, Ibaraki 3191195, Japan. [Park, S. Y.; Cheong, S-W.] Rutgers State Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kimura, H.; Noda, Y.] Tohoku Univ, Inst Multidisciplinary Res Adv Mat, Sendai, Miyagi 9808577, Japan. [Park, S. Y.; Cheong, S-W.] Rutgers State Univ, Rutgers Ctr Emergent Mat, Piscataway, NJ 08854 USA. [Kenzelmann, M.; Schefer, J.] Paul Scherrer Inst, CH-5232 Villigen, Switzerland. RP Lee, SH (reprint author), Univ Virginia, Dept Phys, Charlottesville, VA 22904 USA. EM shlee@virginia.edu RI Schefer, Jurg/G-3960-2012; harris, A Brooks/C-8640-2013; Kenzelmann, Michel/A-8438-2008; Matsuda, Masaaki/A-6902-2016 OI Kenzelmann, Michel/0000-0001-7913-4826; Matsuda, Masaaki/0000-0003-2209-9526 FU U. S. DOE [DE-FG02-07ER46384]; NSF [NSF-DMR0520471]; JAEA by Japan [19052004/19052008]; Swiss NSF FX We thank L. C. Chapon and P. G. Radaelli for helpful discussions. Work at University of Virginia was supported by the U. S. DOE through Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46384, work at Rutgers by the NSF under Grant No. NSF-DMR0520471, and work at JAEA by Japan Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas under Grant No. 19052004/19052008. M. K. was supported by the Swiss NSF. NR 50 TC 28 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 32 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 24 AR 245115 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.245115 PG 10 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PY UT WOS:000262246400027 ER PT J AU Singh, DK Helton, JS Chu, S Han, TH Bonnoit, CJ Chang, S Kang, HJ Lynn, JW Lee, YS AF Singh, D. K. Helton, J. S. Chu, S. Han, T. H. Bonnoit, C. J. Chang, S. Kang, H. J. Lynn, J. W. Lee, Y. S. TI Spin correlations in the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore Tb2Mo2O7 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE crystal field interactions; crystal structure; frustration; magnetic moments; magnetic structure; magnetic transitions; short-range order; spin glasses; terbium compounds ID Y2MO2O7; FERROMAGNET; DYNAMICS; STATE; ICE AB We report neutron-scattering studies of the spin correlations of the geometrically frustrated pyrochlore Tb2Mo2O7 using single-crystal samples. This material undergoes a spin-freezing transition below T-g similar or equal to 24 K, similar to Y2Mo2O7, and has little apparent chemical disorder. Diffuse elastic peaks are observed at low temperatures, indicating short-range ordering of the Tb moments in an arrangement where the Tb moments are slightly rotated from the preferred directions of the spin-ice structure. In addition, a Q-independent signal is observed which likely originates from frozen but completely uncorrelated Tb moments. Inelastic measurements show the absence of sharp peaks due to crystal-field excitations. These data show how the physics of the Tb sublattice responds to the glassy behavior of the Mo sublattice with the associated effects of lattice disorder. C1 [Singh, D. K.; Helton, J. S.; Han, T. H.; Bonnoit, C. J.; Lee, Y. S.] MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chu, S.] MIT, Ctr Mat Sci & Engn, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. [Chang, S.; Kang, H. J.; Lynn, J. W.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Chang, S.; Kang, H. J.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. RP Singh, DK (reprint author), MIT, Dept Phys, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA. RI Helton, Joel/B-1798-2010 FU Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-FG02-07ER46134]; NSF [DMR-0454672] FX We thank T. Senthil, S. Speakman, and Y. Chen for useful discussions. The work at MIT was supported by the Department of Energy (DOE) under Grant No. DE-FG02-07ER46134. This work used facilities supported in part by the NSF under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 23 TC 11 Z9 11 U1 4 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 22 AR 220405 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.220405 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PM UT WOS:000262245200006 ER PT J AU Stiles, MD Saslow, WM Donahue, MJ Zangwill, A AF Stiles, M. D. Saslow, W. M. Donahue, M. J. Zangwill, A. TI Reply to "Comment on 'Adiabatic domain wall motion and Landau-Lifshitz damping' " SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Editorial Material DE gyromagnetic ratio; magnetic domain walls; spin dynamics ID MAGNETIZATION DYNAMICS; FERROMAGNETS C1 [Stiles, M. D.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Saslow, W. M.] Texas A&M Univ, Dept Phys, College Stn, TX 77843 USA. [Donahue, M. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Math & Comp Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Zangwill, A.] Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Phys, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA. RP Stiles, MD (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Nanoscale Sci & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RI Stiles, Mark/K-2426-2012 OI Stiles, Mark/0000-0001-8238-4156 NR 8 TC 3 Z9 3 U1 1 U2 4 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 216402 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.216402 PG 1 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400104 ER PT J AU Wen, JS Xu, ZJ Xu, GY Tranquada, JM Gu, G Chang, S Kang, HJ AF Wen, Jinsheng Xu, Zhijun Xu, Guangyong Tranquada, J. M. Gu, Genda Chang, S. Kang, H. J. TI Magnetic field induced enhancement of spin-order peak intensity in La1.875Ba0.125CuO4 SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE antiferromagnetic materials; barium compounds; high-temperature superconductors; lanthanum compounds; neutron diffraction; strips; superconducting energy gap ID HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTOR; WAVE AB We report on neutron-scattering results on the impact of a magnetic field on stripe order in the cuprate La1.875Ba0.125CuO4. It is found that a 7 T magnetic field applied along the c axis causes a small but finite enhancement of the spin-order peak intensity and has no observable effect on the peak width. Inelastic neutron-scattering measurements indicate that the low-energy magnetic excitations are not affected by the field, within experimental error. In particular, the small energy gap that was recently reported is still present at low temperature in the applied field. In addition, we find that the spin-correlation length along the antiferromagnetic stripes is greater than that perpendicular to them. C1 [Wen, Jinsheng; Xu, Zhijun; Xu, Guangyong; Tranquada, J. M.; Gu, Genda] Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. [Chang, S.; Kang, H. J.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Wen, JS (reprint author), Brookhaven Natl Lab, Dept Mat Sci, Upton, NY 11973 USA. RI Tranquada, John/A-9832-2009; Wen, Jinsheng/F-4209-2010; Xu, Guangyong/A-8707-2010; xu, zhijun/A-3264-2013 OI Tranquada, John/0000-0003-4984-8857; Wen, Jinsheng/0000-0001-5864-1466; Xu, Guangyong/0000-0003-1441-8275; xu, zhijun/0000-0001-7486-2015 FU U. S. Department of Energy [DE-AC02-98CH10886]; National Science Foundation [DMR-0454672] FX The work at Brookhaven National Laboratory was supported by the U. S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-98CH10886. This work utilized facilities supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Agreement No. DMR-0454672. NR 20 TC 21 Z9 21 U1 0 U2 1 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 21 AR 212506 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.212506 PG 4 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PE UT WOS:000262244400020 ER PT J AU Zawadzki, W Pfeffer, P Bratschitsch, R Chen, Z Cundiff, ST Murdin, BN Pidgeon, CR AF Zawadzki, W. Pfeffer, P. Bratschitsch, R. Chen, Z. Cundiff, S. T. Murdin, B. N. Pidgeon, C. R. TI Temperature dependence of the electron spin g factor in GaAs SO PHYSICAL REVIEW B LA English DT Article DE conduction bands; energy gap; Faraday effect; gallium arsenide; g-factor; III-V semiconductors; k; p calculations; Landau levels; time resolved spectra ID LANDE G-FACTOR; CONDUCTION ELECTRONS; EFFECTIVE MASSES; INSB; SEMICONDUCTORS; INP; MODEL; GAP AB The temperature dependence of the electron spin g factor in GaAs is investigated experimentally and theoretically. Experimentally, the g factor was measured using time-resolved Faraday rotation due to Larmor precession of electron spins in the temperature range between 4.5 and 190 K. The experiment shows an almost linear increase in the g value with the temperature. This result is in good agreement with other measurements based on photoluminescence quantum beats and time-resolved Kerr rotation up to room temperature. The experimental data are described theoretically taking into account a diminishing fundamental energy gap in GaAs due to lattice thermal dilatation and nonparabolicity of the conduction band calculated using a five-level k center dot p model. According to the model, the g factor increases when the electron energy increases in the band with the growing Landau level n and the wave vector k(z). At higher temperatures electrons populate higher Landau levels and the average g factor is obtained from a summation over many levels and an integration over k(z). A very good description of the experimental data is obtained indicating that the observed increase in the spin g factor with the temperature is predominantly due to band's nonparabolicity. C1 [Zawadzki, W.; Pfeffer, P.] Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. [Bratschitsch, R.; Chen, Z.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, JILA, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Murdin, B. N.] Univ Surrey, Adv Technol Inst, Guildford GU2 7XH, Surrey, England. [Pidgeon, C. R.] Heriot Watt Univ, Dept Phys, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, Midlothian, Scotland. RP Zawadzki, W (reprint author), Polish Acad Sci, Inst Phys, Al Lotnikow 32-46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland. EM zawad@ifpan.edu.pl RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Bratschitsch, Rudolf/C-9027-2009; OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; Bratschitsch, Rudolf/0000-0002-2368-2548; Pidgeon, Carl/0000-0001-8554-3669; Murdin, Ben/0000-0001-9219-652X FU The Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education; Laboratory of Physical Foundations of Information Processing FX W. Z. and P. P. acknowledge financial support of The Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education through Laboratory of Physical Foundations of Information Processing. NR 31 TC 23 Z9 23 U1 2 U2 21 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 1098-0121 J9 PHYS REV B JI Phys. Rev. B PD DEC PY 2008 VL 78 IS 24 AR 245203 DI 10.1103/PhysRevB.78.245203 PG 7 WC Physics, Condensed Matter SC Physics GA 391PY UT WOS:000262246400039 ER PT J AU White, CC Hunston, DL AF White, C. C. Hunston, D. L. TI Characterizing the Nonlinear Viscoelastic Properties of Sealant, Including Its Mullins Effect SO POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE LA English DT Article ID MODEL; ELASTOMERS; BEHAVIOR; RUBBER AB Quantification of mechanical properties, such as nonlinear viscoelastic behavior, for a cured sealant is complicated by the presence of the Mullins effect. This article examines the mechanical behavior of five different sealants materials encompassing the range of currently available commercial sealant formulations. The Mullins effect was observed for all materials and was present in both tensile and compression experiments. If a previously tested sample was allowed to rest (remain unloaded) for a sufficiently long period of time, however, the Mullins effect was partially recovered; that is, the modulus measured during the first mechanical loading following the rest period was greater than that obtained on subsequent loadings. Samples were then preloaded to remove the Mullins effect, and their nonlinear viscoelastic properties were examined using stress-relaxation experiments. Although the behavior was complex, the time and strain dependences were sufficiently independent so that time-strain superposition could be used to simplify modeling and characterization without introducing significant errors. A simple empirical equation was formulated to describe the behavior for all five sealants over the range of strains and time scales examined. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 48:23172328, 2008. (C) 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers C1 [White, C. C.; Hunston, D. L.] NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP White, CC (reprint author), NIST, Bldg & Fire Res Lab, Mat & Construct Res Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM christopher.white@nist.gov NR 22 TC 4 Z9 4 U1 0 U2 6 PU JOHN WILEY & SONS INC PI HOBOKEN PA 111 RIVER ST, HOBOKEN, NJ 07030 USA SN 0032-3888 J9 POLYM ENG SCI JI Polym. Eng. Sci. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 48 IS 12 BP 2317 EP 2328 DI 10.1002/pen.211182 PG 12 WC Engineering, Chemical; Polymer Science SC Engineering; Polymer Science GA 379BO UT WOS:000261369700004 ER PT J AU Greenslade, DJM Titov, VV AF Greenslade, Diana J. M. Titov, Vasily V. TI A Comparison Study of Two Numerical Tsunami Forecasting Systems SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; tsunami forecast AB This paper presents a comparison of two tsunami forecasting systems: the NOAA/PMEL system (SIFT) and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology system (T1). Both of these systems are based on a tsunami scenario database and both use the same numerical model. However, there are some major differences in the way in which the scenarios are constructed and in the implementation of the systems. Two tsunami events are considered here: Tonga 2006 and Sumatra 2007. The results show that there are some differences in the distribution of maximum wave amplitude, particularly for the Tonga event, however both systems compare well to the available tsunameter observations. To assess differences in the forecasts for coastal amplitude predictions, the offshore forecast results from both systems were used as boundary conditions for a high-resolution model for Hilo, Hawaii. The minor differences seen between the two systems in deep water become considerably smaller at the tide gauge and both systems compare very well with the observations. C1 [Greenslade, Diana J. M.] Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. [Titov, Vasily V.] NOAA, Ctr Tsunami Res, PMEL, OERD, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. RP Greenslade, DJM (reprint author), Bur Meteorol, Ctr Australian Weather & Climate Res, GPO Box 1289, Melbourne, Vic 3001, Australia. EM d.greenslade@bom.gov.au RI Greenslade, Diana/A-1485-2012; OI Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean ( JISAO) [NA17RJ1232] FX The authors would like to thank Liujuan ( Rachel) Tang, Mick Spillane, Stewart Allen and Arthur Simanjuntak for valuable contributions to the manuscript. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean ( JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232, Contribution # 1589. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 13 U1 0 U2 4 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 165 IS 11-12 BP 1991 EP 2001 DI 10.1007/s00024-008-0413-x PG 11 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 399WW UT WOS:000262831000002 ER PT J AU Synolakis, CE Bernard, EN Titov, VV Kanoglu, U Gonzalez, FI AF Synolakis, C. E. Bernard, E. N. Titov, V. V. Kanoglu, U. Gonzalez, F. I. TI Validation and Verification of Tsunami Numerical Models SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; benchmarked tsunami numerical models; validated and verified tsunami numerical models ID SOLITARY WAVES; RUN-UP; SLOPING BEACH; CIRCULAR ISLAND; LONG WAVES; EVOLUTION; BREAKING; NONBREAKING; AMPLITUDE; RUNDOWN AB In the aftermath of the 26 December, 2004 tsunami, several quantitative predictions of inundation for historic events were presented at international meetings differing substantially from the corresponding well-established paleotsunami measurements. These significant differences attracted press attention, reducing the credibility of all inundation modeling efforts. Without exception, the predictions were made using models that had not been benchmarked. Since an increasing number of nations are now developing tsunami mitigation plans, it is essential that all numerical models used in emergency planning be subjected to validation-the process of ensuring that the model accurately solves the parent equations of motion-and verification-the process of ensuring that the model represents geophysical reality. Here, we discuss analytical, laboratory, and field benchmark tests with which tsunami numerical models can be validated and verified. This is a continuous process; even proven models must be subjected to additional testing as new knowledge and data are acquired. To date, only a few existing numerical models have met current standards, and these models remain the only choice for use for real-world forecasts, whether short-term or long-term. Short-term forecasts involve data assimilation to improve forecast system robustness and this requires additional benchmarks, also discussed here. This painstaking process may appear onerous, but it is the only defensible methodology when human lives are at stake. Model standards and procedures as described here have been adopted for implementation in the U.S. tsunami forecasting system under development by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, they are being adopted by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission of the U.S. and by the appropriate subcommittees of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of UNESCO. C1 [Synolakis, C. E.] Univ So Calif, Viterbi Sch Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. [Bernard, E. N.; Titov, V. V.; Gonzalez, F. I.] NOAA, Pacific Marine Environm Lab, Seattle, WA 98115 USA. [Titov, V. V.] Univ Washington, JISAO, Seattle, WA 98195 USA. [Kanoglu, U.] Middle E Tech Univ, Dept Engn Sci, TR-06531 Ankara, Turkey. RP Synolakis, CE (reprint author), Univ So Calif, Viterbi Sch Engn, Los Angeles, CA 90089 USA. RI Kanoglu, Utku/F-9037-2012; Synolakis, Costas/B-3197-2008; OI Kanoglu, Utku/0000-0002-5952-0954; Synolakis, Costas/0000-0003-0140-5379; Titov, Vasily/0000-0002-1630-3829 FU National Science Foundation of the United States; Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) [NA17RJ1232] FX We thank the National Science Foundation of the United States for supporting some of the early validation exercises through benchmark testing in three individual workshops, and for supporting the analytical studies and laboratory investigations that resulted in the benchmark data sets discussed in this paper. We are grateful to Baran Aydin and Ryan L. Whitney for their help with figures. This publication is partially funded by the Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO) under NOAA Cooperative Agreement No. NA17RJ1232, Contribution number: 1590; PMEL Contribution number: 3235. NR 58 TC 96 Z9 102 U1 2 U2 15 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 165 IS 11-12 BP 2197 EP 2228 DI 10.1007/s00024-004-0427-y PG 32 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 399WW UT WOS:000262831000011 ER PT J AU Marra, JJ Kari, US Weinstein, SA AF Marra, John J. Kari, Uday S. Weinstein, Stuart A. TI A Tsunami Detection and Warning-focused Sea Level Station Metadata Web Service SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami detection; Tsunami warning; XML; service-oriented architecture AB Currently information used to describe sea-level stations (such as location, collection and transmission capabilities, operator identification, etc.) is distributed among databases held by multiple agencies, institutions and organizations. Such information could be used to support detection and warning. However, the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 26 December, 2004 made it clear that such information is not readily accessible, is difficult to use, and is often incomplete. In addressing this issue, agencies within the Pacific region are collaborating to develop a web service to expose station metadata enabling various types of real-time data mining client applications that support decision-making and strategic planning at Tsunami Warning Centers. Because information about sea levels has a broad range of applications, integration of this information in a way that is comprehensive, and enhances its access and use, would have a tremendous impact on lives and livelihoods. C1 [Marra, John J.; Kari, Uday S.] NOAA, IDEA Ctr, East West Ctr, Honolulu, HI 96848 USA. [Weinstein, Stuart A.] NOAA, Pacific Tsunami Warning Ctr, Ewa Beach, HI 96706 USA. RP Marra, JJ (reprint author), NOAA, IDEA Ctr, East West Ctr, 1601 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96848 USA. EM john.marra@noaa.gov; uday.kari@noaa.gov; stuart.weinstein@noaa.gov NR 5 TC 1 Z9 1 U1 0 U2 0 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 165 IS 11-12 BP 2265 EP 2273 DI 10.1007/s00024-008-0422-9 PG 9 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 399WW UT WOS:000262831000014 ER PT J AU Dunbar, PK Stroker, KJ Brocko, VR Varner, JD McLean, SJ Taylor, LA Eakins, BW Carignan, KS Warnken, RR AF Dunbar, Paula K. Stroker, Kelly J. Brocko, Vanita R. Varner, Jesse D. McLean, Susan J. Taylor, Lisa A. Eakins, Barry W. Carignan, Kelly S. Warnken, Robin R. TI Long-Term Tsunami Data Archive Supports Tsunami Forecast, Warning, Research, and Mitigation SO PURE AND APPLIED GEOPHYSICS LA English DT Article DE Tsunami; historical events; data archive; bathymetry; coastal hazard; damage photos; DART((TM)); water-level data; DEM AB In response to the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, the United States began a careful review and strengthening of its programs aimed at reducing the consequences of tsunamis. Several reports and calls to action were drafted, including the Tsunami Warning and Education Act (Public Law 109-424) signed into law by the President in December 2006. NOAA's National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC) and co-located World Data Center for Geophysics and Marine Geology (WDC-GMG) maintain a national and international tsunami data archive that fulfills part of the P.L. 109-424. The NGDC/WDC-GMG long-term tsunami data archive has expanded from the original global historical event databases and damage photo collection, to include tsunami deposits, coastal water-level data, DART (TM) buoy data, and high-resolution coastal DEMs. These data are used to validate models, provide guidance to warning centers, develop tsunami hazard assessments, and educate the public about the risks from tsunamis. In this paper we discuss current steps and future actions to be taken by NGDC/WDC-GMG to support tsunami hazard mitigation research, to ultimately help save lives and improve the resiliency of coastal communities. C1 [Dunbar, Paula K.; Stroker, Kelly J.; McLean, Susan J.; Taylor, Lisa A.; Warnken, Robin R.] NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. [Brocko, Vanita R.; Varner, Jesse D.; Eakins, Barry W.; Carignan, Kelly S.] Univ Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Dunbar, PK (reprint author), NOAA, NGDC, Boulder, CO 80305 USA. EM Paula.Dunbar@noaa.gov NR 8 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 1 U2 4 PU BIRKHAUSER VERLAG AG PI BASEL PA VIADUKSTRASSE 40-44, PO BOX 133, CH-4010 BASEL, SWITZERLAND SN 0033-4553 J9 PURE APPL GEOPHYS JI Pure Appl. Geophys. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 165 IS 11-12 BP 2275 EP 2291 DI 10.1007/s00024-008-0419-4 PG 17 WC Geochemistry & Geophysics SC Geochemistry & Geophysics GA 399WW UT WOS:000262831000015 ER PT J AU Nisar, J Ali, M Awan, I AF Nisar, Jan Ali, Mukhtiar Awan, Iftikhar Ahmad TI Kinetics and mechanism of the gas-phase thermal decomposition of cis-2-methylcyclopropane methanol SO REACTION KINETICS AND CATALYSIS LETTERS LA English DT Article DE Pyrolysis of cis-2-methylcyclopropane methanol; static reactor; kinetics study ID UNIMOLECULAR ISOMERIZATION; 1,1-DIMETHYLCYCLOPROPANE; SYM-CYCLOPROPANE-D2 AB The kinetics of the gas-phase thermal decomposition of cis-2-methylcyclopropane methanol was studied in the temperature range of 483-597 K and pressures between 5-24 Torr in aged Pyrex reactions vessels. Cis-2-methylcyclopropane methanol underwent first order, reversible geometric isomerization in competition with structural isomerization. The structural isomerization products were identified as 2-peten-1-ol and a mixture of cis and trans-2-methyl-buten-1-ol. Arrhenius parameters were determined for homogeneous, unimolecular formation of the isomeric products and for the overall loss of reaction. The formation of isomeric products and the observed Arrhenius parameters are consistent with a biradical mechanism. For the overall reaction, E(a) = 173.8 +/- 15.5 (kJ/mol) and log10 (A, s(-1)) = 13.3 +/- 1.5. These values are in good agreement with previously reported values for similar studies of 1,2, disubstituted cyclopropanes. C1 [Nisar, Jan; Ali, Mukhtiar] Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Phys Chem, Gas Phase Kinet Res Lab, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan. [Awan, Iftikhar Ahmad] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Nisar, J (reprint author), Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Phys Chem, Gas Phase Kinet Res Lab, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan. EM pashkalawati@gmail.com NR 19 TC 2 Z9 2 U1 2 U2 3 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0133-1736 J9 REACT KINET CATAL L JI React. Kinet. Catal. Lett. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 95 IS 2 BP 399 EP 406 DI 10.1007/s11144-008-5367-6 PG 8 WC Chemistry, Physical SC Chemistry GA 387NQ UT WOS:000261959300024 ER PT J AU Lorenz, VO Dai, X Green, H Asnicar, TR Cundiff, ST AF Lorenz, V. O. Dai, X. Green, H. Asnicar, T. R. Cundiff, S. T. TI High-density, high-temperature alkali vapor cell SO REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS LA English DT Article DE high-temperature techniques; potassium; spectrometer accessories; spectroscopy ID NA VAPOR; SPECTROSCOPY AB We present a vapor cell design that enables resonant optical spectroscopy in high-density, high-temperature alkali metal vapors. Optical access is provided via reflection from the interface between the vapor and a sapphire window. The cell resists corrosion from the highly reactive alkali vapors, in our case, potassium, up to 800 degrees C (number densities up to 10(19) cm(-3)). The cells maintain their integrity for an average of 100 h above 500 degrees C with about 10 heating/cooling cycles. C1 [Lorenz, V. O.; Dai, X.; Green, H.; Asnicar, T. R.; Cundiff, S. T.] Univ Colorado, JILA, Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. [Lorenz, V. O.] Univ Colorado, Dept Phys, Boulder, CO 80309 USA. RP Lorenz, VO (reprint author), Univ Oxford, Clarendon Lab, Parks Rd, Oxford OX1 3PU, England. EM virginia.lorenz@colorado.edu; cundiffs@jila.colorado.edu RI Cundiff, Steven/B-4974-2009; Dai, Xingcan/B-3556-2014 OI Cundiff, Steven/0000-0002-7119-5197; FU NSF JILA Physics Frontier Center FX The authors thank D. Alchenberger for technical assistance and acknowledge the support of the NSF JILA Physics Frontier Center. NR 18 TC 9 Z9 9 U1 2 U2 14 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0034-6748 J9 REV SCI INSTRUM JI Rev. Sci. Instrum. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 79 IS 12 AR 123104 DI 10.1063/1.3036982 PG 4 WC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics, Applied SC Instruments & Instrumentation; Physics GA 391HQ UT WOS:000262224800004 PM 19123542 ER PT J AU Mann, IR Milling, DK Rae, IJ Ozeke, LG Kale, A Kale, ZC Murphy, KR Parent, A Usanova, M Pahud, DM Lee, EA Amalraj, V Wallis, DD Angelopoulos, V Glassmeier, KH Russell, CT Auster, HU Singer, HJ AF Mann, I. R. Milling, D. K. Rae, I. J. Ozeke, L. G. Kale, A. Kale, Z. C. Murphy, K. R. Parent, A. Usanova, M. Pahud, D. M. Lee, E. -A. Amalraj, V. Wallis, D. D. Angelopoulos, V. Glassmeier, K. -H. Russell, C. T. Auster, H. -U. Singer, H. J. TI The Upgraded CARISMA Magnetometer Array in the THEMIS Era SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE Magnetosphere; Magnetometry; Ionospheric currents; Remote-sensing; Substorms; ULF waves; Radiation belts; Plasmasphere; Cross-phase; Discrete wavelet transform; Field line resonance ID FIELD-LINE RESONANCES; WAVE-GUIDE MODES; ION-CYCLOTRON WAVES; KELVIN-HELMHOLTZ INSTABILITY; RELATIVISTIC ELECTRON FLUX; IONOSPHERIC ALFVEN RESONATOR; OUTER RADIATION BELT; SOLAR-WIND CONTROL; ULF WAVE; PI2 PULSATIONS AB This review describes the infrastructure and capabilities of the expanded and upgraded Canadian Array for Realtime InvestigationS of Magnetic Activity (CARISMA) magnetometer array in the era of the THEMIS mission. Formerly operated as the Canadian Auroral Network for the OPEN Program Unified Study (CANOPUS) magnetometer array until 2003, CARISMA capabilities have been extended with the deployment of additional fluxgate magnetometer stations (to a total of 28), the upgrading of the fluxgate magnetometer cadence to a standard data product of 1 sample/s (raw sampled 8 samples/s data stream available on request), and the deployment of a new network of 8 pairs of induction coils (100 samples per second). CARISMA data, GPS-timed and backed up at remote field stations, is collected using Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) satellite internet in real-time providing a real-time monitor for magnetic activity on a continent-wide scale. Operating under the magnetic footprint of the THEMIS probes, data from 5 CARISMA stations at 29-30 samples/s also forms part of the formal THEMIS ground-based observatory (GBO) data-stream. In addition to technical details, in this review we also outline some of the scientific capabilities of the CARISMA array for addressing all three of the scientific objectives of the THEMIS mission, namely: 1. Onset and evolution of the macroscale substorm instability, 2. Production of storm-time MeV electrons, and 3. Control of the solar wind-magnetosphere coupling by the bow shock, magnetosheath, and magnetopause. We further discuss some of the compelling questions related to these three THEMIS mission science objectives which can be addressed with CARISMA. C1 [Mann, I. R.; Milling, D. K.; Rae, I. J.; Ozeke, L. G.; Kale, A.; Kale, Z. C.; Murphy, K. R.; Parent, A.; Usanova, M.; Pahud, D. M.; Lee, E. -A.; Amalraj, V.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. [Wallis, D. D.] Magnametrics, Ottawa, ON, Canada. [Angelopoulos, V.; Russell, C. T.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, Dept Earth & Space Sci, Los Angeles, CA 90024 USA. [Glassmeier, K. -H.; Auster, H. -U.] Tech Univ Carolo Wilhelmina Braunschweig, Inst Geophys & Extraterr Phys, Braunschweig, Germany. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Weather Predict Ctr, Boulder, CO USA. RP Mann, IR (reprint author), Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G7, Canada. EM imann@phys.ualberta.ca RI Rae, Jonathan/D-8132-2013 FU CARISMA; University of Alberta; Canadian Space Agency; THEMIS; NASA [NAS5-02099] FX CARISMA is operated by the University of Alberta and is funded by the Canadian Space Agency. THEMIS is funded by NASA contract NAS5-02099. GIMA data is provided by the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska Fairbanks. The Canadian Magnetic Observatory System (CANMOS) network is maintained and operated by the Geological Survey of Canada, and provided data used in this study. AP would like to acknowledge Kazuo Shiokawa and Athabasca Geophysical Observatory for data plotted in Fig. 10. Z. C. K. wishes to acknowledge C. L. Waters and F. W. Menk for providing cross-phase analysis programs. NR 161 TC 121 Z9 121 U1 2 U2 12 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 EI 1572-9672 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 141 IS 1-4 BP 413 EP 451 DI 10.1007/s11214-008-9457-6 PG 39 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 389JP UT WOS:000262089000018 ER PT J AU Angelopoulos, V Sibeck, D Carlson, CW McFadden, JP Larson, D Lin, RP Bonnell, JW Mozer, FS Ergun, R Cully, C Glassmeier, KH Auster, U Roux, A LeContel, O Frey, S Phan, T Mende, S Frey, H Donovan, E Russell, CT Strangeway, R Liu, J Mann, I Rae, IJ Raeder, J Li, X Liu, W Singer, HJ Sergeev, VA Apatenkov, S Parks, G Fillingim, M Sigwarth, J AF Angelopoulos, V. Sibeck, D. Carlson, C. W. McFadden, J. P. Larson, D. Lin, R. P. Bonnell, J. W. Mozer, F. S. Ergun, R. Cully, C. Glassmeier, K. H. Auster, U. Roux, A. LeContel, O. Frey, S. Phan, T. Mende, S. Frey, H. Donovan, E. Russell, C. T. Strangeway, R. Liu, J. Mann, I. Rae, I. J. Raeder, J. Li, X. Liu, W. Singer, H. J. Sergeev, V. A. Apatenkov, S. Parks, G. Fillingim, M. Sigwarth, J. TI First Results from the THEMIS Mission SO SPACE SCIENCE REVIEWS LA English DT Review DE THEMIS; Magnetosphere; Substorms; Radiation belts; Magnetopause ID TAIL CURRENT DISRUPTION; SUBSTORM CURRENT WEDGE; DAWN-DUSK ASYMMETRY; PLASMA SHEET; MODEL; EXPANSION; MAGNETOTAIL; ONSET; MAGNETOSPHERE; MAGNETOPAUSE AB THEMIS was launched on February 17, 2007 to determine the trigger and large-scale evolution of substorms. During the first seven months of the mission the five satellites coasted near their injection orbit to avoid differential precession in anticipation of orbit placement, which started in September 2007 and led to a commencement of the baseline mission in December 2007. During the coast phase the probes were put into a string-of-pearls configuration at 100 s of km to 2 R(E) along-track separations, which provided a unique view of the magnetosphere and enabled an unprecedented dataset in anticipation of the first tail season. In this paper we describe the first THEMIS substorm observations, captured during instrument commissioning on March 23, 2007. THEMIS measured the rapid expansion of the plasma sheet at a speed that is commensurate with the simultaneous expansion of the auroras on the ground. These are the first unequivocal observations of the rapid westward expansion process in space and on the ground. Aided by the remote sensing technique at energetic particle boundaries and combined with ancillary measurements and MHD simulations, they allow determination and mapping of space currents. These measurements show the power of the THEMIS instrumentation in the tail and the radiation belts. We also present THEMIS Flux Transfer Events (FTE) observations at the magnetopause, which demonstrate the importance of multi-point observations there and the quality of the THEMIS instrumentation in that region of space. C1 [Angelopoulos, V.; Russell, C. T.; Strangeway, R.; Liu, J.] Univ Calif Los Angeles, IGPP ESS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. [Sibeck, D.; Sigwarth, J.] NASA, GSFC, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA. [Carlson, C. W.; McFadden, J. P.; Larson, D.; Lin, R. P.; Bonnell, J. W.; Mozer, F. S.; Frey, S.; Phan, T.; Mende, S.; Frey, H.; Parks, G.; Fillingim, M.] Univ Calif Berkeley, Space Sci Lab, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA. [Ergun, R.; Li, X.; Liu, W.] Univ Colorado, LASP, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Cully, C.] Swedish Inst Space Phys, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden. [Glassmeier, K. H.; Auster, U.] TUBS, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany. [Roux, A.; LeContel, O.] CETP IPSL, F-78140 Velizy Villacoublay, France. [Donovan, E.] Univ Calgary, Dept Phys & Astron, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada. [Mann, I.; Rae, I. J.] Univ Alberta, Dept Phys, Edmonton, AB T6G 2J1, Canada. [Raeder, J.] Univ New Hampshire, Ctr Space Sci, Durham, NH 03824 USA. [Singer, H. J.] NOAA, Space Environm Lab, Boulder, CO 80303 USA. [Sergeev, V. A.; Apatenkov, S.] St Petersburg State Univ, Inst Phys, St Petersburg 198904, Russia. RP Angelopoulos, V (reprint author), Univ Calif Los Angeles, IGPP ESS, Los Angeles, CA 90095 USA. EM vassilis@ssl.berkeley.edu RI Sibeck, David/D-4424-2012; Rae, Jonathan/D-8132-2013; Liu, Wenlong/G-5585-2013; Apatenkov, Sergey/J-4899-2013; Cully, Christopher/P-2539-2016; Sergeev, Victor/H-1173-2013; OI Liu, Wenlong/0000-0001-7991-5067; Sergeev, Victor/0000-0002-4569-9631; Apatenkov, Sergey/0000-0001-8959-3479; Donovan, Eric/0000-0002-8557-4155; Frey, Harald/0000-0001-8955-3282; Liu, Jiang/0000-0002-7489-9384 FU NASA [NAS5-02099] FX This research was funded by NASA contract NAS5-02099. NR 40 TC 105 Z9 105 U1 4 U2 26 PU SPRINGER PI DORDRECHT PA VAN GODEWIJCKSTRAAT 30, 3311 GZ DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS SN 0038-6308 J9 SPACE SCI REV JI Space Sci. Rev. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 141 IS 1-4 BP 453 EP 476 DI 10.1007/s11214-008-9378-4 PG 24 WC Astronomy & Astrophysics SC Astronomy & Astrophysics GA 389JP UT WOS:000262089000019 ER PT J AU Tian, F Qian, XP Villarrubia, JS AF Tian, Fenglei Qian, Xiaoping Villarrubia, J. S. TI Blind estimation of general tip shape in AFM imaging SO ULTRAMICROSCOPY LA English DT Article DE Mathematical morphology; Dexel representation; Dilation; Erosion; Blind tip estimation; Atomic force microscopy ID ATOMIC-FORCE MICROSCOPY; SCANNING PROBE MICROSCOPY; SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION; SIMULATION AB The use of flared tip and bi-directional servo control in some recent atomic force microscopes (AFM) has made it possible for these advanced AFMs to image structures of general shapes with undercut surfaces. AFM images are distorted representations of sample surfaces due to the dilation produced by the finite size of the tip. It is necessary to obtain the tip shape in order to correct such tip distortion. This paper presents a noise-tolerant approach that can for the first time estimate a general 3-dimensional (3D) tip shape from its scanned image in such AFMs. It extends an existing blind tip estimation method. With the samples, images, and tips described by dexels, a representation that can describe general 3D shapes, the new approach can estimate general tip shapes, including reentrant features such as undercut lines. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Tian, Fenglei; Qian, Xiaoping] IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. [Villarrubia, J. S.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Qian, XP (reprint author), IIT, Chicago, IL 60616 USA. EM ftian1@iit.edu; qian@iit.edu; john.Villarrubia@nist.gov RI Qian, Xiaoping/C-9748-2009 FU NSF [0800912, 0529165] FX We are grateful for the support from NSF Awards #0800912 and #0529165. NR 25 TC 27 Z9 28 U1 4 U2 17 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE BV PI AMSTERDAM PA PO BOX 211, 1000 AE AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS SN 0304-3991 J9 ULTRAMICROSCOPY JI Ultramicroscopy PD DEC PY 2008 VL 109 IS 1 BP 44 EP 53 DI 10.1016/j.ultramic.2008.08.002 PG 10 WC Microscopy SC Microscopy GA 384NC UT WOS:000261750500007 PM 18835101 ER PT J AU Morrow, JB Almeida, JL Fitzgerald, LA Cole, KD AF Morrow, J. B. Almeida, J. L. Fitzgerald, L. A. Cole, K. D. TI Association and decontamination of Bacillus spores in a simulated drinking water system SO WATER RESEARCH LA English DT Article DE Drinking water disinfection; Biofilm; Bacillus spores; Potable water; Chlorine; Monochloramine ID CHLORINE PENETRATION; ESCHERICHIA-COLI; BIOFILMS; DISINFECTION; MONOCHLORAMINE; INACTIVATION; BACTERIA; MODEL; AGENTS; SHEAR AB The objective of this work was to elucidate the disinfectant susceptibility of Bacillus anthracis Sterne (BA) and a commercial preparation of Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) spores associated with a simulated drinking water system. Biofilms composed of indigenous water system bacteria were accumulated on copper and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe material surfaces in a low-flow pipe loop and uniformly mixed tank reactor (CDC biofilm reactor). Application of a distributed shear during spore contact resulted in approximately a 1.0 and 1.6 log(10) increase in the number of spores associated with copper and PVC surfaces, respectively. Decontamination of spores in both free suspension and after association with biofilm-conditioned pipe materials was attempted using free chlorine and monochloramine. Associated spores required 5- to 10-fold higher disinfectant concentrations to observe the same reduction of viable spores as in suspension. High disinfectant concentrations (103 mg/L free chlorine and 49 mg/L monochloramine) yielded less than a 2-log(10) reduction in viable associated spores after 60 min. Spores associated with biofilms on copper surfaces consistently yielded higher Ct values than PVC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. C1 [Morrow, J. B.; Almeida, J. L.; Fitzgerald, L. A.; Cole, K. D.] NIST, Div Biochem Sci, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Morrow, JB (reprint author), NIST, Div Biochem Sci, 100 Bur Dr,MS 8312, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM jayne.morrow@nist.gov; jamie.almeida@nist.gov; lisa.fitzgerald@nist.gov; kenneth.cole@nist.gov FU National Homeland Security Research Center, EPA; Mr. Vincente Gallardo; U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS); National Research Council (NRC) FX Financial support for this work was provided by the National Homeland Security Research Center, EPA (Cincinnati, OH) and Mr. Vincente Gallardo. We wish to thank Mr. Gallardo and the anonymous reviews for their insightful comments. We wish to thank Dr. Bruce Harper from U.S. Army Dugway Proving Grounds, Dugway, Utah for providing the Bacillus arithracis Sterne spore preparation. This research was performed while JM was on appointment as a U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Associate under the DHS Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program, a program administered by the National Research Council (NRC) for DHS. All opinions expressed in this paper are the author's and do not necessarily reflect the policies and views of EPA, DHS, DHS affiliated venues or the NRC. NR 42 TC 18 Z9 18 U1 1 U2 15 PU PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD PI OXFORD PA THE BOULEVARD, LANGFORD LANE, KIDLINGTON, OXFORD OX5 1GB, ENGLAND SN 0043-1354 J9 WATER RES JI Water Res. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 42 IS 20 BP 5011 EP 5021 DI 10.1016/j.watres.2008.09.012 PG 11 WC Engineering, Environmental; Environmental Sciences; Water Resources SC Engineering; Environmental Sciences & Ecology; Water Resources GA 388YI UT WOS:000262055900013 PM 18947853 ER PT J AU Novak, DR Bright, DR Brennan, MJ AF Novak, David R. Bright, David R. Brennan, Michael J. TI Operational Forecaster Uncertainty Needs and Future Roles SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID NATIONAL-WEATHER-SERVICE; ENSEMBLE PREDICTION SYSTEM; QUANTITATIVE PRECIPITATION FORECASTS; OBJECT-BASED VERIFICATION; POOR MANS ENSEMBLE; SINGULAR VECTORS; WINTER STORMS; UNITED-STATES; NEW-ENGLAND; RANGE AB Key results of a comprehensive survey of U. S. National Weather Service operational forecast managers concerning the assessment and communication of forecast uncertainty are presented and discussed. The survey results revealed that forecasters are using uncertainty guidance to assess uncertainty, but that limited data access and ensemble underdispersion and biases are barriers to more effective use. Some respondents expressed skepticism as to the added value of formal ensemble guidance relative to simpler approaches of estimating uncertainty, and related the desire for feature-specific ensemble verification to address this skepticism. Respondents reported receiving requests for uncertainty information primarily from sophisticated users such as emergency managers, and most often during high-impact events. The largest request for additional training material called for simulator-based case studies that demonstrate how uncertainty information should be interpreted and communicated. Respondents were in consensus that forecasters should be significantly involved in the communication of uncertainty forecasts; however, there was disagreement regarding if and how forecasters should adjust objective ensemble guidance. It is contended that whether forecasters directly modify objective ensemble guidance will ultimately depend on how the weather enterprise views ensemble output (as the final forecast or as a guidance supporting conceptual understanding), the enterprise's commitment to provide the necessary supporting forecast infrastructure, and how rapidly ensemble weaknesses such as underdispersion, biases, and resolution are addressed. The survey results illustrate that forecasters' operational uncertainty needs are intimately tied to the end products and services they produce. Thus, it is critical that the process to develop uncertainty information in existing or new products or services be a sustained collaborative effort between ensemble developers, forecasters, academic partners, and users. As the weather enterprise strives to provide uncertainty information to users, it is asserted that addressing the forecaster needs identified in this survey will be a prerequisite to achieve this goal. C1 [Novak, David R.] NOAA, NWS, Eastern Reg Headquarters, Sci Serv Div, Bohemia, NY 11716 USA. [Bright, David R.] NOAA, NWS, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK USA. [Brennan, Michael J.] NOAA, NWS, Hydrometeorol Predict Ctr, Camp Springs, MD USA. RP Novak, DR (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, Eastern Reg Headquarters, Sci Serv Div, Suite 202,630 Johnson Ave, Bohemia, NY 11716 USA. EM david.novak@noaa.gov NR 86 TC 15 Z9 16 U1 0 U2 8 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 EI 1520-0434 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1069 EP 1084 DI 10.1175/2008WAF2222142.1 PG 16 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 389SQ UT WOS:000262115200002 ER PT J AU Mercer, AE Richman, MB Bluestein, HB Brown, JM AF Mercer, Andrew E. Richman, Michael B. Bluestein, Howard B. Brown, John M. TI Statistical Modeling of Downslope Windstorms in Boulder, Colorado SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID FLOW AB Downslope windstorms are of major concern to those living in and around Boulder, Colorado, often striking with little warning, occasionally bringing clear-air wind gusts of 35-50 m s(-1) or higher, and producing widespread damage. Historically, numerical models used for forecasting these events had lower than desired accuracy. This observation provides the motivation to study the potential for improving windstorm forecasting through the use of linear and nonlinear statistical modeling techniques with a perfect prog approach. A 10-yr mountain-windstorm dataset and a set of 18 predictors are used to train and test the models. For the linear model, a stepwise regression is applied. It is difficult to determine which predictor is the most important, although significance testing suggests that 700-hPa flow is selected often. The nonlinear techniques employed, feedforward neural networks (NN) and support vector regression (SVR), do not filter out predictors as the former uses a hidden layer to account for the nonlinearities in the data, whereas the latter fits a kernel function to the data to optimize prediction. The models are evaluated using root-mean-square error (RMSE) and median residuals. The SVR model has the lowest forecast errors, consistently, and is not prone to creating outlier forecasts. Stepwise linear regression (LR) yielded results that were accurate to within an RMSE of 8 m s(-1); whereas an NN had errors of 7-9 m s(-1) and SVR had errors of 4-6 m s(-1). For SVR, 85% of the forecasts predicted maximum wind gusts with an RMSE of less than 6 m s(-1) and all forecasts predicted wind gusts with an RMSE of below 12 m s(-1). The LR method performed slightly better in most evaluations than NNs; however, SVR was the optimal technique. C1 [Mercer, Andrew E.; Richman, Michael B.; Bluestein, Howard B.] Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Brown, John M.] NOAA, Earth Syst Res Lab, Global Syst Div, Boulder, CO USA. RP Mercer, AE (reprint author), Univ Oklahoma, Sch Meteorol, 120 David L Boren Blvd,5632, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM amercer@rossby.metr.ou.edu RI Brown, John/D-3361-2015 FU COMET through UCAR [S-98-93860]; NSF [ATM-0527934] FX Much of the work described herein was funded by COMET Grant S-98-93860 through UCAR. One of the authors (MR) was partly funded through NSF Grant ATM-0527934. We wish to thank Terry Simmons as well for providing data and assistance with this project and Peter A Leptuch for initiating the pilot study. We thank John Weaver for a careful review and an anonymous reviewer for helpful suggestions. NR 26 TC 10 Z9 10 U1 0 U2 5 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1176 EP 1194 DI 10.1175/2008WAF2007067.1 PG 19 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 389SQ UT WOS:000262115200008 ER PT J AU Corfidi, SF Corfidi, SJ Schultz, DM AF Corfidi, Stephen F. Corfidi, Sarah J. Schultz, David M. TI Elevated Convection and Castellanus: Ambiguities, Significance, and Questions SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID UNITED-STATES; EVOLUTION; STORMS; THUNDERSTORMS; ENVIRONMENTS; PROPAGATION; INSTABILITY; INITIATION; HELICITY; CLOUDS AB The term elevated convection is used to describe convection where the constituent air parcels originate from a layer above the planetary boundary layer. Because elevated convection can produce severe hail, damaging surface wind, and excessive rainfall in places well removed from strong surface-based instability, situations with elevated storms can be challenging for forecasters. Furthermore, determining the source of air parcels in a given convective cloud using a proximity sounding to ascertain whether the cloud is elevated or surface based would appear to be trivial. In practice, however, this is often not the case. Compounding the challenges in understanding elevated convection is that some meteorologists refer to a cloud formation known as castellanus synonymously as a form of elevated convection. Two different definitions of castellanus exist in the literature-one is morphologically based (cloud formations that develop turreted or cumuliform shapes on their upper surfaces) and the other is physically based (inferring the turrets result from the release of conditional instability). The terms elevated convection and castellanus are not synonymous, because castellanus can arise from surface-based convection and elevated convection exists that does not feature castellanus cloud formations. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to clarify the definitions of elevated convection and castellanus, fostering a better understanding of the relevant physical processes. Specifically, the present paper advocates the physically based definition of castellanus and recommends eliminating the synonymity between the terms castellanus and elevated convection. C1 [Corfidi, Stephen F.; Corfidi, Sarah J.] NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, Norman, OK 73072 USA. [Corfidi, Sarah J.; Schultz, David M.] Univ Oklahoma, Cooperat Inst Mesoscale Meteorol Studies, Norman, OK 73019 USA. [Schultz, David M.] NOAA, Natl Severe Storms Lab, Norman, OK 73072 USA. RP Corfidi, SF (reprint author), NOAA, NWS, NCEP, Storm Predict Ctr, 120 David L Boren Blvd,Ste 2300, Norman, OK 73072 USA. EM stephen.corfidi@noaa.gov RI Schultz, David M./A-3091-2010 OI Schultz, David M./0000-0003-1558-6975 FU Vaisala; NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research [NA17RJ1227]; U. S. Department of Commerce FX We very much thank Matthew Bunkers, Mike Coniglio, Robert Fovell, and Steven Weiss for careful, thoughtful reviews that improved the manuscript. We also thank our SPC colleagues for informative discussions, David Bright for providing the data shown in Fig. 3d, and David Stensrud for his assistance with Figs. 2-4. Bjorn Stevens supplied the Rain in Cumulus over the Ocean (RICO) images used in Fig. 4; otherwise, all cloud photographs were taken by the lead author. Partial funding for Schultz was provided by Vaisala, and by the NOAA/Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research under NOAA-University of Oklahoma Cooperative Agreement NA17RJ1227, U. S. Department of Commerce. NR 47 TC 18 Z9 19 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1280 EP 1303 DI 10.1175/2008WAF2222118.1 PG 24 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 389SQ UT WOS:000262115200013 ER PT J AU Aberson, SD AF Aberson, Sim D. TI An Alternative Tropical Cyclone Intensity Forecast Verification Technique SO WEATHER AND FORECASTING LA English DT Article ID PREDICTION SCHEME SHIPS; SEASONAL CLIMATE; ATLANTIC BASIN; SUPERENSEMBLE; IMPROVEMENTS; WEATHER; SYSTEM AB The National Hurricane Center (NHC) does not verify official or model forecasts if those forecasts call for a tropical cyclone to dissipate or if the real tropical cyclone dissipates. A new technique in which these forecasts are included in a contingency table with all other forecasts is presented. Skill scores and probabilities are calculated. Forecast verifications with the currently used technique have shown a slight improvement in intensity forecasts. The new technique, taking into account all forecasts, suggests that the probability of a forecast having a large (>30 kt) error is decreasing, and the likelihood of the error being less than about 10 kt is increasing in time, at all forecast lead times except 12 h when the forecasts are already quite good. C1 NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. RP Aberson, SD (reprint author), NOAA, AOML, Hurricane Res Div, Miami, FL 33149 USA. EM sim.aberson@noaa.gov RI Aberson, Sim/C-4891-2013 OI Aberson, Sim/0000-0002-3670-0100 NR 11 TC 8 Z9 9 U1 0 U2 2 PU AMER METEOROLOGICAL SOC PI BOSTON PA 45 BEACON ST, BOSTON, MA 02108-3693 USA SN 0882-8156 J9 WEATHER FORECAST JI Weather Forecast. PD DEC PY 2008 VL 23 IS 6 BP 1304 EP 1310 DI 10.1175/2008WAF2222123.1 PG 7 WC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences SC Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences GA 389SQ UT WOS:000262115200014 ER PT J AU Vinnikov, KY Yu, YY Raja, MKRV Tarpley, D Goldberg, MD AF Vinnikov, Konstantin Y. Yu, Yunyue Raja, M. K. Rama Varma Tarpley, Dan Goldberg, Mitchell D. TI Diurnal-seasonal and weather-related variations of land surface temperature observed from geostationary satellites SO GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS LA English DT Article AB The time series of clear-sky Land Surface Temperatures (LST) for one year, 2001, obtained from pyrgeometric observations at five selected US surface radiation (SURFRAD) stations and independently retrieved for the locations of these stations from Infrared Imager hourly observations of two geostationary satellites, GOES-8 and GOES-10, are presented as a sum of time-dependent expected value (diurnal and seasonal cycles), and weather-related anomalies. The availability of three independent observations is used to assess random and systematic errors in LST data. Temporal variation of the expected value is approximated as a superposition of the first two annual and diurnal Fourier harmonics. This component of temporal variations of LST absorbs all systematic errors; which themselves are often a subject of diurnal and seasonal variations. The results revealed that the weather-related temporal variation of LST is much smaller than the temporal variations of the expected value, but much larger than the random errors of observation. Scale of temporal autocorrelation of weather-related component of clear-sky LST variations is about 3 days. Citation: Vinnikov, K. Y., Y. Yu, M. K. Rama Varma Raja, D. Tarpley, and M. D. Goldberg (2008), Diurnal-seasonal and weather-related variations of land surface temperature observed from geostationary satellites, Geophys. Res. Lett., 35, L22708, doi: 10.1029/2008GL035759. C1 [Vinnikov, Konstantin Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Yu, Yunyue; Tarpley, Dan; Goldberg, Mitchell D.] NOAA, Ctr Satellite Applicat & Res, Natl Environm Satellite Data & Informat Serv, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. [Raja, M. K. Rama Varma] STAR, NESDIS, NOAA, IM Syst Grp Inc, Camp Springs, MD 20746 USA. RP Vinnikov, KY (reprint author), Univ Maryland, Dept Atmospher & Ocean Sci, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. EM kostya@atmos.umd.edu RI Vinnikov, Konstantin/F-9348-2010; Goldberg, Mitch/F-5589-2010; Yu, Yunyue/F-5636-2010 FU NESDIS/NOAA GOES-R AWG; CICS FX We thank NESDIS/NOAA GOES-R AWG for supporting this work through a research grant to CICS; Istvan Laszlo, Marco Vargas, Larry Flynn, Norman Grody and the reviewers for valuable comments. The manuscript contents are solely the opinions of the authors and do not constitute a statement of policy, decision, or position on behalf of NOAA or the U. S. Government. NR 12 TC 12 Z9 12 U1 0 U2 4 PU AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION PI WASHINGTON PA 2000 FLORIDA AVE NW, WASHINGTON, DC 20009 USA SN 0094-8276 J9 GEOPHYS RES LETT JI Geophys. Res. Lett. PD NOV 29 PY 2008 VL 35 IS 22 AR L22708 DI 10.1029/2008GL035759 PG 6 WC Geosciences, Multidisciplinary SC Geology GA 377IG UT WOS:000261244300003 ER PT J AU Jacox, ME Thompson, WE AF Jacox, Marilyn E. Thompson, Warren E. TI The infrared spectroscopy and photochemistry of NO3 trapped in solid neon SO JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL PHYSICS LA English DT Article DE annealing; free radical reactions; infrared spectra; isotope shifts; matrix isolation spectra; neon; nitrogen compounds; photodissociation; spectrochemical analysis; vibronic states ID LASER-INDUCED FLUORESCENCE; VIBRATIONAL-SPECTRA; THEORETICAL CALCULATION; HIGH-RESOLUTION; EXCITED-LEVELS; GAS-PHASE; AB-INITIO; ARGON; BAND; ABSORPTION AB NO3 can be stabilized in solid neon either by codeposition at 4.3 K of a Ne:O-2 mixture with a Ne:NO mixture that has been passed through a microwave discharge or, in higher yield, by codeposition of a Ne:NO mixture with a Ne:O-2 mixture, followed by annealing of the deposit at similar to 7 K and exposure of the solid to near ultraviolet radiation. All of the previously reported bands of NO3 between 700 and 3000 cm(-1) were observed, most with neon-matrix shifts of less than 2.5 cm(-1). The infrared spectra of eight isotopic species of NO3 were obtained. The observed isotopic shifts demonstrate the occurrence of extensive mixing of ground-state levels of e(') symmetry and their strong vibronic interaction with the B E-2(') state. Photodissociation of NO3 by irradiation of the deposit at wavelengths longer than 520 nm leads to new absorptions near the fundamentals of NO and O-2 and other new absorptions at relatively low frequencies. These absorptions were depleted and NO3 regenerated by subsequent near ultraviolet irradiation of the deposit, suggesting the stabilization of a weakly bound NO(O-2) complex in solid neon. C1 [Jacox, Marilyn E.; Thompson, Warren E.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Jacox, ME (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Opt Technol Div, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM marilyn.jacox@nist.gov NR 70 TC 20 Z9 20 U1 1 U2 12 PU AMER INST PHYSICS PI MELVILLE PA CIRCULATION & FULFILLMENT DIV, 2 HUNTINGTON QUADRANGLE, STE 1 N O 1, MELVILLE, NY 11747-4501 USA SN 0021-9606 J9 J CHEM PHYS JI J. Chem. Phys. PD NOV 28 PY 2008 VL 129 IS 20 AR 204306 DI 10.1063/1.3020753 PG 15 WC Chemistry, Physical; Physics, Atomic, Molecular & Chemical SC Chemistry; Physics GA 396QV UT WOS:000262607100021 PM 19045863 ER PT J AU Zhou, HD Wiebe, CR Janik, JA Balicas, L Yo, YJ Qiu, Y Copley, JRD Gardner, JS AF Zhou, H. D. Wiebe, C. R. Janik, J. A. Balicas, L. Yo, Y. J. Qiu, Y. Copley, J. R. D. Gardner, J. S. TI Dynamic Spin Ice: Pr(2)Sn(2)O(7) SO PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS LA English DT Article ID ZERO-POINT ENTROPY AB In this Letter, we report a new spin ice-Pr(2)Sn(2)O(7)-which appears to have enhanced residual entropy due to the dynamic nature of the spins. Neutron scattering experiments show that at 200 mK, there is a significant amount of magnetic diffuse scattering which can be fit to the dipolar spin-ice model. However, these short-ranged ordered spins have a quasielastic response that is atypical of the canonical spin ices, and suggests that the ground state is dynamic (i.e., composed of locally ordered two-in-two-out spin configurations that can tunnel between energetically equivalent orientations). We report this as an example of a dynamic spin ice down to 200 mK. C1 [Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.; Janik, J. A.] Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Zhou, H. D.; Wiebe, C. R.; Janik, J. A.; Balicas, L.; Yo, Y. J.] Florida State Univ, Natl High Magnet Field Lab, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. [Qiu, Y.; Copley, J. R. D.; Gardner, J. S.] NIST, Ctr Neutron Res, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. [Qiu, Y.] Univ Maryland, Dept Mat Sci & Engn, College Pk, MD 20742 USA. [Gardner, J. S.] Indiana Univ, Bloomington, IN 47408 USA. RP Zhou, HD (reprint author), Florida State Univ, Dept Phys, Tallahassee, FL 32306 USA. EM cwiebe@magnet.fsu.edu RI Gardner, Jason/A-1532-2013; Zhou, Haidong/O-4373-2016 FU NSF [DMR-0084173, DMR-0454672]; EIEG program (FSU); state of Florida FX This work was made possible by support through the NSF (DMR-0084173 and DMR-0454672), the EIEG program (FSU) and the state of Florida. NR 19 TC 46 Z9 46 U1 1 U2 15 PU AMER PHYSICAL SOC PI COLLEGE PK PA ONE PHYSICS ELLIPSE, COLLEGE PK, MD 20740-3844 USA SN 0031-9007 J9 PHYS REV LETT JI Phys. Rev. Lett. PD NOV 28 PY 2008 VL 101 IS 22 AR 227204 DI 10.1103/PhysRevLett.101.227204 PG 4 WC Physics, Multidisciplinary SC Physics GA 376WT UT WOS:000261214400057 PM 19113519 ER PT J AU Schenck, PK Klamo, JL Bassim, ND Burke, PG Gerbig, YB Green, ML AF Schenck, P. K. Klamo, J. L. Bassim, N. D. Burke, P. G. Gerbig, Y. B. Green, M. L. TI Combinatorial study of the crystallinity boundary in the HfO2-TiO2-Y2O3 system using pulsed laser deposition library thin films SO THIN SOLID FILMS LA English DT Article DE High-k dielectrics; Combinatorial; Thin films; Reflectometry; X-ray diffraction; Nanoindentation AB HfO2-TiO2-Y2O3 is an interesting high-k dielectric system, with the potential for higher values of k than the end members. Combinatorial library films of this system enable the study of the role of composition on phase formation as well as optical and mechanical properties. A library film of this system deposited at 400 degrees C exhibited a boundary line evident visually as well as in characterization. Mapping X-ray analysis showed the line corresponds to a crystallinity boundary, separating an amorphous phase and a face-centered cubic crystalline phase of yttrium hafnium oxide. Mapping nanoindentation across the boundary also revealed a sharp change in mechanical properties. The combinatorial technique is a powerful tool for high-throughput materials science, and by realizing this particularly unique pulsed laser deposition library film, allows many interesting materials phenomena and properties to be measured. (C) 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. C1 [Schenck, P. K.; Klamo, J. L.; Bassim, N. D.; Burke, P. G.; Gerbig, Y. B.; Green, M. L.] Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. RP Schenck, PK (reprint author), Natl Inst Stand & Technol, Div Ceram, 100 Bur Dr STOP 8520, Gaithersburg, MD 20899 USA. EM pkschenck@nist.gov RI Burke, Peter/K-9210-2013 FU National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU); Division of Materials Research FX One of the authors, P.G.B., was supported in part by the National Science Foundation's Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) program, Division of Materials Research. NR 15 TC 5 Z9 5 U1 3 U2 12 PU ELSEVIER SCIENCE SA PI LAUSANNE PA PO BOX 564, 1001 LAUSANNE, SWITZERLAND SN 0040-6090 J9 THIN SOLID FILMS JI Thin Solid Films PD NOV 28 PY 2008 VL 517 IS 2 BP 691 EP 694 DI 10.1016/j.tsf.2008.08.001 PG 4 WC Materials Science, Multidisciplinary; Materials Science, Coatings & Films; Physics, Applied; Physics, Condensed Matter SC Materials Science; Physics GA 383SO UT WOS:000261693900042 ER EF